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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Saint"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Saint</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Saint-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_St_Helier" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_St_Helier"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Early St Helier</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_St_Helier-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-18th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#18th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>18th century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-18th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-19th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#19th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>19th century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-19th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-20th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#20th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>20th century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-20th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-21st_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#21st_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>21st century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-21st_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politics_and_government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politics_and_government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Politics and government</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Politics_and_government-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Politics and government subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Politics_and_government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Municipality" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Municipality"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Municipality</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Municipality-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Conseil_Municipal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Conseil_Municipal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1</span> <span>Conseil Municipal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Conseil_Municipal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-States_representation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#States_representation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>States representation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-States_representation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Capital_city" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Capital_city"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Capital city</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Capital_city-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Architecture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Architecture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Architecture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Architecture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Demography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Media</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Public_squares_and_parks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_squares_and_parks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Public squares and parks</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Public_squares_and_parks-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Public squares and parks subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Public_squares_and_parks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-The_Weighbridge" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Weighbridge"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>The Weighbridge</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Weighbridge-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Parade" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Parade"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>The Parade</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Parade-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Millennium_Town_Park" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Millennium_Town_Park"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Millennium Town Park</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Millennium_Town_Park-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Charing_Cross" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Charing_Cross"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4</span> <span>Charing Cross</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Charing_Cross-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-St_Andrew's_Park" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#St_Andrew's_Park"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.5</span> <span>St Andrew's Park</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-St_Andrew's_Park-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Landmarks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Landmarks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Landmarks</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Landmarks-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Landmarks subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Landmarks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Elizabeth_Castle" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Elizabeth_Castle"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Elizabeth Castle</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Elizabeth_Castle-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fort_Regent" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fort_Regent"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Fort Regent</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fort_Regent-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Central_Market_and_Beresford_Market" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Central_Market_and_Beresford_Market"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Central Market and Beresford Market</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Central_Market_and_Beresford_Market-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-16_New_Street" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#16_New_Street"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.4</span> <span>16 New Street</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-16_New_Street-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Transport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religious_sites" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religious_sites"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Religious sites</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religious_sites-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Future_plans" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Future_plans"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Future plans</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Future_plans-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Twin_towns_and_sister_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Twin_towns_and_sister_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Twin towns and sister cities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Twin_towns_and_sister_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Sport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Notable people</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-General_bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#General_bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17</span> <span>General bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-General_bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">18</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">St Helier</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 71 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-71" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">71 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Helier" title="Saint Helier – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Saint Helier" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%AA_%D9%87%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B1" title="ساينت هيلير – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ساينت هيلير" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-H%C3%A9lier" title="Saint-Hélier – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Saint-Hélier" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Helier" title="Saint-Helier – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Saint-Helier" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sent-Heliyer" title="Sent-Heliyer – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Sent-Heliyer" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Helier" title="Saint Helier – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Saint Helier" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82-%D0%A5%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Сент-Хеліер – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Сент-Хеліер" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%A5%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8A%D1%80" title="Сейнт Хелиър – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Сейнт Хелиър" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Helier" title="Saint Helier – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Saint Helier" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_H%C3%A9lyi" title="Saint Hélyi – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Saint Hélyi" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Helier" title="Saint Helier – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Saint Helier" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Helier_(ulohang_dakbayan)" title="Saint Helier (ulohang dakbayan) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Saint Helier (ulohang dakbayan)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Helier" title="Saint Helier – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Saint Helier" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Helier" title="Saint Helier – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Saint Helier" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Helier" title="Saint Helier – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Saint Helier" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Helier" title="Saint Helier – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Saint Helier" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CE%B5%CE%BD%CF%84_%CE%A7%CE%AD%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%B5%CF%81" title="Σεντ Χέλιερ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Σεντ Χέλιερ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Helier" title="Saint Helier – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Saint Helier" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Helier" title="Saint Helier – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Saint Helier" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Helier" title="Saint Helier – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Saint Helier" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%86_%D9%87%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%87" title="سن هلیه – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سن هلیه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-H%C3%A9lier" title="Saint-Hélier – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Saint-Hélier" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Helier" title="Saint Helier – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Saint Helier" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Helier" title="Saint Helier – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Saint Helier" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%84%B8%EC%9D%B8%ED%8A%B8%ED%97%AC%EB%A6%AC%EC%96%B4" title="세인트헬리어 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="세인트헬리어" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Helier" title="Saint Helier – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Saint Helier" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Helier" title="Saint Helier – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Saint Helier" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Helier,_Jersey" title="Saint Helier, Jersey – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Saint Helier, Jersey" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Helier" title="Saint Helier – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Saint Helier" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82-%D0%A5%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Сент-Хельер – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Сент-Хельер" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Helier" title="Saint Helier – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Saint Helier" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Helier_(Jersey)" title="Saint Helier (Jersey) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Saint Helier (Jersey)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%A0%D7%98_%D7%94%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A8" title="סנט הלייר – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סנט הלייר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2-%E1%83%B0%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="სენტ-ჰელიერი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სენტ-ჰელიერი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82-%D0%A5%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Сент-Хелиер – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Сент-Хелиер" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Helier" title="Saint Helier – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Saint Helier" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senthelj%C4%93ra" title="Sentheljēra – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Sentheljēra" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sent_Helieras" title="Sent Helieras – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Sent Helieras" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sant%27Helier" title="Sant'Helier – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Sant'Helier" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Helier" title="Saint Helier – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Saint Helier" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%A5%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Сент Хелиер – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Сент Хелиер" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Helier" title="Saint Helier – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Saint Helier" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%AA_%D9%87%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%87" title="سنت هلیه – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="سنت هلیه" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Helier" title="Saint Helier – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Saint Helier" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%BB%E3%83%B3%E3%83%88%E3%83%BB%E3%83%98%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A2" title="セント・ヘリア – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="セント・ヘリア" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Helier" title="Saint Helier – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Saint Helier" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Helier" title="Saint Helier – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Saint Helier" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Helier" title="Saint Helier – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Saint Helier" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_H%C3%A9lier_(parou%C3%AAche)" title="Saint Hélier (parouêche) – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Saint Hélier (parouêche)" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Helier" title="Saint Helier – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Saint Helier" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Helier" title="Saint Helier – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Saint Helier" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santo_Hel%C3%A9rio" title="Santo Helério – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Santo Helério" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82-%D0%A5%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Сент-Хелиер – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Сент-Хелиер" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Helier" title="Saint Helier – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Saint Helier" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Helier" title="Saint Helier – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Saint Helier" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%A5%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Сент Хелијер – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Сент Хелијер" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Helier" title="Saint Helier – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Saint Helier" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Helier" title="Saint Helier – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Saint Helier" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Helier" title="Saint Helier – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Saint Helier" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D" title="செயின்ட் எலியெர் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="செயின்ட் எலியெர்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="เซนต์เฮลิเยอร์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เซนต์เฮลิเยอร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Helier" title="Saint Helier – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Saint Helier" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82-%D0%A5%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Сент-Хелиер – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Сент-Хелиер" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82-%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%94%D1%80" title="Сент-Гелієр – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Сент-Гелієр" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%B9_%DB%81%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B1" title="سینٹ ہیلیر – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="سینٹ ہیلیر" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Helier" title="Saint Helier – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Saint Helier" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Helier" title="Saint Helier – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Saint Helier" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E8%B5%AB%E5%88%A9%E5%B0%94" title="圣赫利尔 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="圣赫利尔" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%81%96%E8%89%BE%E5%88%A9%E8%80%B6" title="聖艾利耶 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="聖艾利耶" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Helier" title="Saint Helier – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Saint Helier" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" 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href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=St_Helier&params=49_11_09_N_02_06_36_W_region:JE_scale:20000_type:city(35822)"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">49°11′09″N</span> <span class="longitude">02°06′36″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">49.18583°N 2.11000°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">49.18583; -2.11000</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Capital town and most populous parish of Jersey</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the saint, see <a href="/wiki/Helier" title="Helier">Helier</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/St_Helier_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="St Helier (disambiguation)">St Helier (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Parish in Jersey</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">St Helier</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold"><span title="Norman-language text"><i lang="nrf">Saint Hélyi</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Norman_language" title="Norman language">Norman</a>)</span><br /><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Saint-Hélier</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>)</span></span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Parishes_of_Jersey" title="Parishes of Jersey">Parish</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="background-color:#FFFFFF;border-collapse:collapse;border:1px solid black;width:270px;display:table;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:1px 0 0 1px"><div 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Saint-H%C3%A9lier_-_Cenotaph_20160706.jpg/134px-Saint-H%C3%A9lier_-_Cenotaph_20160706.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Saint-H%C3%A9lier_-_Cenotaph_20160706.jpg/178px-Saint-H%C3%A9lier_-_Cenotaph_20160706.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3488" data-file-height="5232" /></a></span></div><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 1px 1px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:King_Street_Jersey_2012_2.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/King_Street_Jersey_2012_2.JPG/89px-King_Street_Jersey_2012_2.JPG" decoding="async" width="89" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/King_Street_Jersey_2012_2.JPG/134px-King_Street_Jersey_2012_2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/King_Street_Jersey_2012_2.JPG/178px-King_Street_Jersey_2012_2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="3888" /></a></span></div></div></div><div style="display:table;background-color:#FFFFFF;border-collapse:collapse"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 1px 1px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ca%C3%BBchie_d%27la_Ville_Saint_H%C3%A9lyi_J%C3%A8rri_Janvyi_2010_e.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Ca%C3%BBchie_d%27la_Ville_Saint_H%C3%A9lyi_J%C3%A8rri_Janvyi_2010_e.jpg/134px-Ca%C3%BBchie_d%27la_Ville_Saint_H%C3%A9lyi_J%C3%A8rri_Janvyi_2010_e.jpg" decoding="async" width="134" height="76" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Ca%C3%BBchie_d%27la_Ville_Saint_H%C3%A9lyi_J%C3%A8rri_Janvyi_2010_e.jpg/201px-Ca%C3%BBchie_d%27la_Ville_Saint_H%C3%A9lyi_J%C3%A8rri_Janvyi_2010_e.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Ca%C3%BBchie_d%27la_Ville_Saint_H%C3%A9lyi_J%C3%A8rri_Janvyi_2010_e.jpg/268px-Ca%C3%BBchie_d%27la_Ville_Saint_H%C3%A9lyi_J%C3%A8rri_Janvyi_2010_e.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3926" data-file-height="2213" /></a></span></div><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 1px 1px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Elizabeth_Castle.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Elizabeth_Castle.jpg/134px-Elizabeth_Castle.jpg" decoding="async" width="134" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Elizabeth_Castle.jpg/201px-Elizabeth_Castle.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Elizabeth_Castle.jpg/268px-Elizabeth_Castle.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2496" /></a></span></div></div></div><div style="display:table;background-color:#FFFFFF;border-collapse:collapse"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 1px 1px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bangn%C3%A9r%C3%AAsse_du_H%C3%A2vre_des_Pas_J%C3%A8rri_Octobre_2009.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Bangn%C3%A9r%C3%AAsse_du_H%C3%A2vre_des_Pas_J%C3%A8rri_Octobre_2009.jpg/270px-Bangn%C3%A9r%C3%AAsse_du_H%C3%A2vre_des_Pas_J%C3%A8rri_Octobre_2009.jpg" decoding="async" width="270" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Bangn%C3%A9r%C3%AAsse_du_H%C3%A2vre_des_Pas_J%C3%A8rri_Octobre_2009.jpg/405px-Bangn%C3%A9r%C3%AAsse_du_H%C3%A2vre_des_Pas_J%C3%A8rri_Octobre_2009.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Bangn%C3%A9r%C3%AAsse_du_H%C3%A2vre_des_Pas_J%C3%A8rri_Octobre_2009.jpg/540px-Bangn%C3%A9r%C3%AAsse_du_H%C3%A2vre_des_Pas_J%C3%A8rri_Octobre_2009.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3834" data-file-height="1390" /></a></span></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Panoramic, Saint Helier pilgrimage, Jersey Girl sculpture, Jersey Opera House, Cenotaph, war memorial of Jersey; King Street, Ferries, Elizabeth Castle, Houses in Saint Helier</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Saint_Helier.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of St Helier"><img alt="Flag of St Helier" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Flag_of_Saint_Helier.svg/100px-Flag_of_Saint_Helier.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Flag_of_Saint_Helier.svg/150px-Flag_of_Saint_Helier.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Flag_of_Saint_Helier.svg/200px-Flag_of_Saint_Helier.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Flag</div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blason_ville_uk_Saint-H%C3%A9lier_(Jersey).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of St Helier"><img alt="St Helier Crest" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Blason_ville_uk_Saint-H%C3%A9lier_%28Jersey%29.svg/91px-Blason_ville_uk_Saint-H%C3%A9lier_%28Jersey%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="91" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Blason_ville_uk_Saint-H%C3%A9lier_%28Jersey%29.svg/136px-Blason_ville_uk_Saint-H%C3%A9lier_%28Jersey%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Blason_ville_uk_Saint-H%C3%A9lier_%28Jersey%29.svg/182px-Blason_ville_uk_Saint-H%C3%A9lier_%28Jersey%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Coat of arms</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Nickname: <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname">Town</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Saint_Helier,_Jersey_-_locator_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Location of Saint Helier in Jersey"><img alt="St Helier highlighted on a map of the parishes of Jersey" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Saint_Helier%2C_Jersey_-_locator_map.svg/250px-Saint_Helier%2C_Jersey_-_locator_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Saint_Helier%2C_Jersey_-_locator_map.svg/375px-Saint_Helier%2C_Jersey_-_locator_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Saint_Helier%2C_Jersey_-_locator_map.svg/500px-Saint_Helier%2C_Jersey_-_locator_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="959" data-file-height="650" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Location of Saint Helier in Jersey</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jersey_location_map_EN.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="St Helier is located in Jersey"><img alt="St Helier is located in Jersey" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Jersey_location_map_EN.svg/250px-Jersey_location_map_EN.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Jersey_location_map_EN.svg/375px-Jersey_location_map_EN.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Jersey_location_map_EN.svg/500px-Jersey_location_map_EN.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1114" data-file-height="769" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:70.491%;left:59.331%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="St Helier"><img alt="St Helier" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>St Helier</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Jersey</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Channel_Islands_location_map_(%2Bparishes).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="St Helier is located in Channel Islands"><img alt="St Helier is located in Channel Islands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Channel_Islands_location_map_%28%2Bparishes%29.svg/250px-Channel_Islands_location_map_%28%2Bparishes%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="326" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Channel_Islands_location_map_%28%2Bparishes%29.svg/375px-Channel_Islands_location_map_%28%2Bparishes%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Channel_Islands_location_map_%28%2Bparishes%29.svg/500px-Channel_Islands_location_map_%28%2Bparishes%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1325" data-file-height="1728" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:72.255%;left:64%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="St Helier"><img alt="St Helier" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>St Helier</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Channel Islands</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=St_Helier&params=49_11_09_N_02_06_36_W_region:JE_scale:20000_type:city(35822)"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">49°11′09″N</span> <span class="longitude">02°06′36″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">49.18583°N 2.11000°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">49.18583; -2.11000</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Crown_Dependencies" title="Crown Dependencies">Crown Dependency</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jersey" title="Jersey">Jersey</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Namesake" title="Namesake">Named for</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Helier" title="Helier">Helier</a>, <a href="/wiki/Patron_saint" title="Patron saint">patron saint</a> of Jersey</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Vingtaines</th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>List</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Vingtaine de la Ville</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Vingtaine du Rouge Bouillon</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Vingtaine de Bas du Mont au Prêtre</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Vingtaine de Haut du Mont au Prêtre</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Vingtaine du Mont à l'Abbé</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Vingtaine du Mont Cochon</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Conn%C3%A9table_(Jersey_and_Guernsey)" title="Connétable (Jersey and Guernsey)">Connétable</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Alan_Simon_Crowcroft" class="mw-redirect" title="Alan Simon Crowcroft">Simon Crowcroft</a> (<a href="/wiki/Independent_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent (politician)">Ind.</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">10.6 km<sup>2</sup> (4.1 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_parishes_of_Jersey" class="mw-redirect" title="List of parishes of Jersey">Ranked 5th</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2021 census)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">35,822</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">3,400/km<sup>2</sup> (8,800/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Ethnicity <span style="font-weight:normal;">(2021 census)</span><div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Ethnic groups in the United Kingdom">Ethnic groups</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1116488514">.mw-parser-output .treeview ul{padding:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .treeview li{padding:0;margin:0;list-style-type:none;list-style-image:none}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li{background:url("https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/Treeview-grey-line.png")no-repeat 0 -2981px;padding-left:21px;text-indent:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li:last-child{background-position:0 -5971px}.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>.mw-empty-elt:first-child+.emptyline,.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>li:first-child{background-position:0 9px}</style><div class="treeview"> <ul><li>93.7% <a href="/wiki/White_people" title="White people">White</a> <ul><li>37.0% <a href="/wiki/Jersey_people" title="Jersey people">Jersey</a></li> <li>25.8% <a href="/wiki/British_people" title="British people">British</a></li> <li>30.9% <span style="font-size:85%;">White Other</span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></li><li>3.0% <a href="/wiki/British_Asians" title="British Asians">Asian</a></li><li>1.7% <a href="/wiki/Black_British_people" title="Black British people">Black</a></li><li>1.6% <a href="/wiki/Mixed_(United_Kingdom_ethnicity_category)" title="Mixed (United Kingdom ethnicity category)">Mixed</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Greenwich_Mean_Time" title="Greenwich Mean Time">GMT</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B01" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+01">UTC+01</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Postcode district</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code"><a href="/wiki/JE_postcode_area" title="JE postcode area">JE2</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Postcode sector</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">3 and 4</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sthelier.je/">www.sthelier.je</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>St Helier</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'h' in 'hi'">h</span><span title="/ɛ/: 'e' in 'dress'">ɛ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span><span title="/ər/: 'er' in 'letter'">ər</span></span>/</a></span></span>; <a href="/wiki/J%C3%A8rriais" title="Jèrriais">Jèrriais</a>: <span title="Norman-language text"><i lang="nrf">Saint Hélyi</i></span>; <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: <i lang="fr">Saint-Hélier</i>) is the <a href="/wiki/Capital_city" title="Capital city">capital</a> of <a href="/wiki/Jersey" title="Jersey">Jersey</a>, the largest of the <a href="/wiki/Channel_Islands" title="Channel Islands">Channel Islands</a> in the <a href="/wiki/English_Channel" title="English Channel">English Channel</a>. It is the most populous of the twelve <a href="/wiki/Parishes_of_Jersey" title="Parishes of Jersey">parishes of Jersey</a>, with a population of 35,822,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> over one-third of the island's total population. The town of St Helier is the largest settlement and only <a href="/wiki/Town" title="Town">town</a> of Jersey. The town consists of the built-up areas of St Helier, including First Tower, and parts of the parishes of <a href="/wiki/Saint_Saviour,_Jersey" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Saviour, Jersey">St Saviour</a> and <a href="/wiki/Saint_Clement,_Jersey" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Clement, Jersey">St Clement</a>, with further suburbs in surrounding parishes.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The greater part of the parish of St Helier is rural. It covers a surface area of 4.1 sq mi (10.6 km<sup>2</sup>), being 9% of the total land area of the island (this includes <a href="/wiki/Land_reclamation" title="Land reclamation">reclaimed land</a> area of 494 acres (2.00 km<sup>2</sup>) or 200 <a href="/wiki/Hectare" title="Hectare">ha</a>). </p><p>The town sits by the coast in the southeastern corner of the parish. Within it lies the main commercial district and the principal harbour of the island. As the capital, it also hosts the island's government, parliament and courts. Evidence of settlement exists as far back as the 13th century, and the growth of the town since has been described as "spasmodic", its expansion reflecting the waves of migration to the island. </p><p>The parish arms are two crossed gold axes on a blue background, the blue symbolising the sea, and the axes symbolising the <a href="/wiki/Martyr" title="Martyr">martyrdom</a> of <a href="/wiki/Helier" title="Helier">Helier</a> at the hands of <a href="/wiki/Saxon" class="mw-redirect" title="Saxon">Saxon</a> pirates in 555 AD. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=St_Helier&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Jersey" title="History of Jersey">History of Jersey</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hermitage_St_Helier_Jersey.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Hermitage_St_Helier_Jersey.jpg/220px-Hermitage_St_Helier_Jersey.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="273" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Hermitage_St_Helier_Jersey.jpg/330px-Hermitage_St_Helier_Jersey.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Hermitage_St_Helier_Jersey.jpg/440px-Hermitage_St_Helier_Jersey.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1041" data-file-height="1290" /></a><figcaption>The Hermitage of Saint Helier lies in the bay off St Helier and is accessible on foot at low tide.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Saint">Saint</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=St_Helier&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Saint"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Saint_Helier_sculpture.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Saint_Helier_sculpture.jpg/220px-Saint_Helier_sculpture.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="215" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Saint_Helier_sculpture.jpg/330px-Saint_Helier_sculpture.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Saint_Helier_sculpture.jpg/440px-Saint_Helier_sculpture.jpg 2x" data-file-width="856" data-file-height="837" /></a><figcaption>The face of <a href="/wiki/Helier" title="Helier">St Helier</a> as sculpted on the 1978 monument <i>La Croix de la Reine</i> in St Helier</figcaption></figure> <p>St Helier is named after <a href="/wiki/Helier" title="Helier">Helier</a> (or Helerius), a 6th-century ascetic hermit from Belgium. The traditional date of his martyrdom is <a href="/wiki/Anno_Domini" title="Anno Domini">AD</a> 555. His feast day, marked by an annual municipal and ecumenical <a href="/wiki/Pilgrimage" title="Pilgrimage">pilgrimage</a> to the Hermitage, is on 16 July. </p><p>The medieval hagiographies of <a href="/wiki/Helier" title="Helier">Helier</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Patron_saint" title="Patron saint">patron</a> saint martyred in Jersey and after whom the parish and town are named, suggest a picture of a small fishing village on the dunes between the marshy land behind and the high-water mark. </p><p>An <a href="/wiki/Abbey" title="Abbey">Abbey</a> of Saint Helier was founded in 1155 on L'Islet, a <a href="/wiki/Tidal_island" title="Tidal island">tidal island</a> adjacent to the Hermitage. Closed at the Reformation, the site of the abbey was fortified to create the castle that replaced Mont Orgueil as the island's major fortress. The new <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Castle" title="Elizabeth Castle">Elizabeth Castle</a> was named after <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_I_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Elizabeth I of England">the Queen</a> by the Governor of Jersey 1600–1603, <a href="/wiki/Sir_Walter_Raleigh" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Walter Raleigh">Sir Walter Raleigh</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_St_Helier">Early St Helier</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=St_Helier&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Early St Helier"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The land now known as the town of St Helier was once not much more than a low-lying basin consisting of marshy lands and sand dunes (to the west), surrounded by low hills on other sides. There is very little evidence of prehistorical settlement in the St Helier basin; the archaeological site in the parish is an Iron Age dolmen, which used to sit atop Mont de la Ville (the present site of Fort Regent), but which was moved to the house of a former Governor in <a href="/wiki/Henley-on-Thames" title="Henley-on-Thames">Henley-on-Thames</a> in the 1780s. It is thought that the site of St Helier was settled at the time of the Roman control of Gaul.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By 540 AD, the monk Helerius (for whom the parish is named) had settled on the islet in the bay of St Aubin, now part of the parish and the modern-day site of Elizabeth Castle. From this hermitage, the monk converted the island's population to Christianity, but he was killed in 555 AD by seagoing raiders, attempting to defend the island. Therefore, his hermitage took on great spiritual significance. This establishment of Christianity as the principal religion of the islanders brought with it new governmental structures by the end of the 10th century, including the parochial system. It is believed the boundaries of the parish have not much changed since that time.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Parish_Church_of_St_Helier_Pfarrkirche_der_Inselhauptstadt_-_Island_of_Jersey_Kanalinseln_United_Kingdom_Foto_2017_Wolfgang_Pehlemann_DSC05074.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Parish_Church_of_St_Helier_Pfarrkirche_der_Inselhauptstadt_-_Island_of_Jersey_Kanalinseln_United_Kingdom_Foto_2017_Wolfgang_Pehlemann_DSC05074.jpg/220px-Parish_Church_of_St_Helier_Pfarrkirche_der_Inselhauptstadt_-_Island_of_Jersey_Kanalinseln_United_Kingdom_Foto_2017_Wolfgang_Pehlemann_DSC05074.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Parish_Church_of_St_Helier_Pfarrkirche_der_Inselhauptstadt_-_Island_of_Jersey_Kanalinseln_United_Kingdom_Foto_2017_Wolfgang_Pehlemann_DSC05074.jpg/330px-Parish_Church_of_St_Helier_Pfarrkirche_der_Inselhauptstadt_-_Island_of_Jersey_Kanalinseln_United_Kingdom_Foto_2017_Wolfgang_Pehlemann_DSC05074.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Parish_Church_of_St_Helier_Pfarrkirche_der_Inselhauptstadt_-_Island_of_Jersey_Kanalinseln_United_Kingdom_Foto_2017_Wolfgang_Pehlemann_DSC05074.jpg/440px-Parish_Church_of_St_Helier_Pfarrkirche_der_Inselhauptstadt_-_Island_of_Jersey_Kanalinseln_United_Kingdom_Foto_2017_Wolfgang_Pehlemann_DSC05074.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1280" /></a><figcaption>The Parish Church of St Helier</figcaption></figure> <p>The first evidence for the existence of a settlement in St Helier is in the Assize Roll of 1229. However, the parish church, the Town Church, is known to contain features that date to at least the 11th century.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although it is now some considerable distance from the sea, at the time of its original construction it was on the edge of the dunes at the closest practical point to St Helier's Hermitage. Before land reclamation and port construction started, boats could be tied up to the churchyard wall on the seaward side. </p><p>It is believed the first residences in St Helier were along modern-day Hill Street, opposite the church. These would have been simple fishermen's huts, probably constructed from local granite with roofs of thatch. There is some archaeological evidence of 12th-century habitation around Old Street, outside the medieval town area. Another site of settlement was around the Town Mills at the base of Mont Nerou. Despite not having access to the site, the location of the Abbey and the Town Church led to the village developing into the main town for the insular community. Regular markets were held in the town from at least the 15th century and the Royal Court is recorded to have sat in St Helier from ancient times. The town gained formal recognition by the Privy Council by the mid-16th century.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The street layout of the medieval town is difficult to determine, as there are no detailed street maps. A 1563 map shows a group of buildings huddled behind the town church, with an axis - likely either King Street or the Royal Square - through the centre. It is believed that the Royal Square ("place du Marché"), which was initially the town's market square, became entirely encircled with buildings by 1550. At this time, the line of King Street ("rue de Derrière") and Queen Street ("rue du Milieu") were established, extending from Charing Cross ("la Pompe du bas", the outlet of Le Grand Douet) and Snow Hill ("Pompe de haut").<sup id="cite_ref-:4_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>St Helier's growth has been marked by waves aligning with waves of migration to the island. The earliest such period of growth for the town seems to be between the <a href="/wiki/Reformation" title="Reformation">Reformation</a> and the <a href="/wiki/English_Civil_War" title="English Civil War">Civil War</a> as many French Protestants sought refuge in Jersey, Jersey being a Francophone Protestant state, especially following the Revocation of the <a href="/wiki/Edict_of_Nantes" title="Edict of Nantes">Edict of Nantes</a> in 1685. The first expansion of the old town was to the west. Jurat Helier Hue's lands to the north of Charing Cross were sold and developed as Hue Street and Dumaresq Street. John Seale bought lands near Charing Cross and developed Seale Street. The Vingtaine de la Ville officials confirmed their ownership of Mont de la Ville, so developed a new road La Rue des Trois Pigeons (Hill Street) to the south of the Royal Court.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By the start of the 17th century, the town consisted of the modern Royal Square, Hill Street, Regent Road, Church Street, King Street, Queen Street and little else. The eastern gateway to the town was Snow Hill, where the roads from the eastern parishes met, and the western gateway Charing Cross (which led to the market square down Broad Street), where King Street met the sandy plains over which Westerners would travel to come to town. Therefore, King Street and Queen Street formed the core axis for St Helier at this time. Approaches to the town included La Motte Street (for St Saviour), Val Plaisant onto Old Street (for the northern parishes and the Town Mill), and St John's Road. The land to the north and southeast of the old town were of considerable value, cultivated as market gardens or planted as orchards.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_6-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Improvements to take place during the 17th century included the walling of the Town Church cemetery, the construction of a prison (which arched over Charing Cross) and the paving of important streets. An order of the Royal Court in 1610 led to the improvement of the streets, proprietors being compelled to pave the space before his house to a width of 12 ft (3.7 m), leading to a non-uniform pattern of paving.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_6-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="18th_century">18th century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=St_Helier&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 18th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1700, the cattle market was moved from Broad Street to a site on the beach, around 60 to 100 yards to the southwest of the churchyard (roughly the site of the Royal Yacht Hotel). It remained here until being relocated to the modern site of Minden Place Car Park in 1841.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_6-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>La Cohue</i> (a <a href="/wiki/Norman_language" title="Norman language">Norman</a> word for courthouse) stood on one side of the Royal Square, now rebuilt as the Royal Court and States Chamber (called collectively the States Building). The <a href="/wiki/Market_cross" title="Market cross">market cross</a> in the centre of the square was pulled down at the <a href="/wiki/Protestant_Reformation" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant Reformation">Reformation</a>, and the iron cage for holding prisoners was replaced by a prison gatehouse at the western edge of town. The road now known as Broad Street served as the coast road for the town and may have also been referred to as <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">La Rue d'Égypte</i></span> being exposed to wind-blown sand. The Richmond Map of 1795<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> shows that the town at this period was only a small stub at the foot of Mont de la Ville, consisting of the main thoroughfare (<span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">La Rue de Derrière</i></span> from Charing Cross through to La Colomberie) to the north of the Royal Square, at the time the town market. <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">La Rue du Val</i></span> and Old St John's Hill were the primary connections up to the north, with <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">La Rue du Val</i></span> connecting the town to its mill at Grands Vaux. In 1718, John Durell bought a number of St Helier fiefs and constructed a new gated street from King Street to Rue du Val.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Maps show that the town experienced a steady increase in densification between 1700 and 1756.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_6-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Falle gives an account in the early 18th century of the state of the town </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The Town in its present enlarged state, contains about 400 houses, laid out into several wide and well-paved streets. ... The Town is inhabited chiefly by merchants, shop-keepers ... and retailers of liquors; the landed gentlemen generally living upon their estates in the country. In short here is scarce anything wanting for necessity or convenience. Besides the stream running through the place [and literally under some houses] there is farther supply of good water from wells and pumps.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Falle, c. 18th century</cite></div></blockquote> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:George_II_statue_St_Helier_Jersey.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/George_II_statue_St_Helier_Jersey.jpg/220px-George_II_statue_St_Helier_Jersey.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="312" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/George_II_statue_St_Helier_Jersey.jpg/330px-George_II_statue_St_Helier_Jersey.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/George_II_statue_St_Helier_Jersey.jpg/440px-George_II_statue_St_Helier_Jersey.jpg 2x" data-file-width="963" data-file-height="1366" /></a><figcaption>The statue of <a href="/wiki/George_II_of_Great_Britain" title="George II of Great Britain">George II</a> in the Royal Square is the <i>zero <a href="/wiki/Milestone" title="Milestone">milestone</a></i> from which all distances in Jersey are measured.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/George_II_of_Great_Britain" title="George II of Great Britain">George II</a> gave £200 towards the construction of <a href="/wiki/Saint_Helier_Harbour" title="Saint Helier Harbour">a new harbour</a> – previously boats would be beached on a falling tide and unloaded by cart across the sands. A statue of the king by <a href="/wiki/John_Cheere" title="John Cheere">John Cheere</a> was erected in the square in 1751 in gratitude, and the marketplace was renamed Royal Square, although the name has remained <i>Lé Vièr Marchi</i> (the old market) to this day in <a href="/wiki/J%C3%A8rriais" title="Jèrriais">Jèrriais</a>. Many of St Helier's road names and street names are bilingual English/French or English/<a href="/wiki/J%C3%A8rriais" title="Jèrriais">Jèrriais</a>, but some have only one name. The names in the various languages are not usually translations: distinct naming traditions survive alongside each other. </p><p>The Royal Square was also the scene of the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Jersey" title="Battle of Jersey">Battle of Jersey</a> on 6 January 1781, the last attempt by French forces to seize Jersey. <a href="/wiki/John_Singleton_Copley" title="John Singleton Copley">John Singleton Copley</a>'s epic painting <i><a href="/wiki/The_Death_of_Major_Peirson" class="mw-redirect" title="The Death of Major Peirson">The Death of Major Peirson</a></i> captures an imaginative version of the scene. Following the <a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">1789 French Revolution</a>, many thousands of French refugees settled in Jersey, many aristocratic and most settling in St Helier. This doubled the number of houses in town and its vicinity; many of the tree-lined lanes leading from the town became built up with new houses and streets.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_6-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As harbour construction moved development seaward, a population growth meant that marshland and pasture north of the ribbon of urban activity was built on speculatively. Settlement by <a href="/wiki/English_people" title="English people">English</a> immigrants added quarters of colonial-style town houses to the traditional building stock. </p><p>Continuing military threats from France spurred the construction of a citadel fortress, <a href="/wiki/Fort_Regent" title="Fort Regent">Fort Regent</a>, on the Mont de la Ville, the crag dominating the shallow basin of St Helier. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="19th_century">19th century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=St_Helier&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 19th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Around 1800, the market was moved from the Royal Square to a new purpose-built and enlarged premises at its current site. This shifted the cultural core of the town out of its old medieval heart, but did not diminish the importance of the old centre, which also saw new works to the waterfront, such as the building of Commercial Buildings.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_6-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Military roads linking coastal defences around the island with St Helier harbour allowed farmers to exploit Jersey's temperate micro-climate and use new fast sailing ships and then <a href="/wiki/Steamship" title="Steamship">steamships</a> to get their produce to the markets of <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a> and <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> before the competition. This was the start of Jersey's agricultural prosperity in the 19th century. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Grand%27_Rue,_Jersey.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Grand%27_Rue%2C_Jersey.jpg/220px-Grand%27_Rue%2C_Jersey.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Grand%27_Rue%2C_Jersey.jpg/330px-Grand%27_Rue%2C_Jersey.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Grand%27_Rue%2C_Jersey.jpg/440px-Grand%27_Rue%2C_Jersey.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1442" data-file-height="1116" /></a><figcaption>In 1855 an <a href="/wiki/Obelisk" title="Obelisk">obelisk</a> was constructed in Broad Street to commemorate the reformer Pierre Le Sueur, five times elected Constable of St Helier. The monument was restored in 2005 and the fountains restored to working order.</figcaption></figure> <p>The Napoleonic Wars brought the threat of war to Jersey's shores, and the island was fortified against French invasion. Martello towers were constructed around the coast (including First Tower in St Helier) and in 1805, the States agreed to sell to the British government Mont de la Ville to site a major fort. The construction of the fort buildings led to a major influx of both people and capital, many of whom came from Ireland and England. The States used the proceeds of the sale of Mont de la Ville to fund improvements to town pavements. </p><p>The early 19th century was a period of growth of trade for Jersey. An English <a href="/wiki/Custom_house" title="Custom house">Custom House</a> was established in the island in 1810. A key turning point in St Helier history was the introduction of <a href="/wiki/Steamship" title="Steamship">steamships</a>. Previous to that, travel to the island was long and unpredictable. In the mid-1820s, the post office switched to steam as well. The first paddle steamer to visit Jersey was the Medina on 11 June 1823. In 1824, two shipping companies were established, each operating weekly steamship services to England.<sup id="cite_ref-BHJ2_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BHJ2-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 239">: 239 </span></sup> </p><p>This brought thousands of passengers to the town. By 1840, there were 5,000 English residents in Jersey, who some say did not mix well or interact deeply with the native Jèrriais. The number of English-speaking soldiers stationed on the island and the number of retired officers and English-speaking labourers who came to the islands in the 1820s led to the island gradually moving towards an English-speaking culture in St Helier. This new immigration had a large impact on local architecture, with a number of mainland Georgian-style houses and terraces erected on the main roads out of the town. It also expanded with many new streets, such as Burrard Street, first developed in 1812. In 1831, gas street lighting was first introduced on town roads.<sup id="cite_ref-BHJ2_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BHJ2-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 239–40">: 239–40 </span></sup> </p><p>The rapid growth of St Helier was one of the most significant changes in the landscape of Jersey during the 19th century. The town developed from a small settlement by the coast to encompassing most of the parish and spreading out into St Clement and St Saviour. The town's expansion mainly happened in the semi-saucer of flat land between Westmount and Mount Pleasant, so there remained a significant rural part of the parish. In 1776, both St Aubin and St Helier had had roughly the same size; however, by the end of the 19th century, St Helier was far larger.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 42–43">: 42–43 </span></sup> It is estimated that the number of houses by the mid-19th century was 2,600, 2,000 higher than just sixty years prior.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_6-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>An important growth for St Helier in the early 19th century was the construction of the harbour. Previously, ships coming into the town had only a small jetty at the site now called the English Harbour and the French Harbour. The Chamber of Commerce urged the States to build a new harbour, but the States refused, so the Chamber took it into their own hands and paid to upgrade the harbour in 1790. A new breakwater was constructed to shelter the jetty and harbours. In 1814, the merchants constructed the roads now known as Commercial Buildings and Le Quai des Marchands to connect the harbours to the town and in 1832 construction was finished on the Esplanade and its sea wall. A rapid expansion in shipping led the States in 1837 to order the construction of two new piers: the Victoria and Albert Piers.<sup id="cite_ref-BHJ2_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BHJ2-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 242">: 242 </span></sup> </p><p>Pierre Le Sueur, reforming <a href="/wiki/Constable" title="Constable">Constable</a> of St Helier, was responsible for installing sewerage and provision of clean water in St Helier following outbreaks of <a href="/wiki/Cholera" title="Cholera">cholera</a> in the 1830s. An <a href="/wiki/Obelisk" title="Obelisk">obelisk</a> with a fountain in the town centre was raised to his memory following his premature death in office from overwork. </p><p>In the second half of the 19th century, hundreds of trucks laden with <a href="/wiki/Potato" title="Potato">potatoes</a> and other export produce needed access to the harbour. This prompted a programme of road-widening which swept away many of the ancient buildings of the town centre. Pressure for redevelopment has meant that very few buildings remain in urban St Helier which date to before the 19th century, giving the town primarily a Regency or Victorian character. </p><p>Towards the end of the century, in the 1870s, the new Jersey Railway opened, connecting the town to the West, with its terminus at the Weighbridge, and a few years later the Eastern Railway, with its terminus at Snow Hill. By this time, the town had two parks: the Parade Gardens, and West Park (now commonly known as People's Park). Until the opening of the Waterfront and Millenium Parks in the late 20th and early 21st centuries, these parks would be the only three to exist in the town basin.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_6-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The expansion of the town during the 19th century also caused an expansion of social facilities, particularly of churches, due to the importance of religion. These 19th-century churches include St James' Church (1829), St Mark's Church (1843), Wesley Street Methodist Chapel (1827, rebuilt in 1876) and St Thomas' Catholic Church (1887).<sup id="cite_ref-:4_6-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="20th_century">20th century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=St_Helier&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 20th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Liberation_sculpture_Jersey.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Liberation_sculpture_Jersey.jpg/220px-Liberation_sculpture_Jersey.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="238" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Liberation_sculpture_Jersey.jpg/330px-Liberation_sculpture_Jersey.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Liberation_sculpture_Jersey.jpg/440px-Liberation_sculpture_Jersey.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1056" data-file-height="1144" /></a><figcaption>A statue celebrating the island's liberation from Nazi occupation</figcaption></figure> <p>By the turn of the century, all the large open spaces around St Helier were mostly developed. Most new buildings involved maximising the density of a plot, joining smaller plots to form larger premises (especially in order to retailize the heart of town). After the First World War, the need for new homes could not be met in the confines of the basin, and with the growth of the motorcar, the roads leading out into the country allowed ribbon development in all directions, along the coast, up over the hills and into neighbouring parishes. In the 1930s, the States constructed the first-ever public housing estate in Jersey at Wellington Park.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_6-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the <a href="/wiki/German_occupation_of_the_Channel_Islands" title="German occupation of the Channel Islands">German occupation of the Channel Islands</a>, St Helier continued to change as a result of renewed tourism industry and Jersey's role as a financial centre. A large change was the unprecedented movement of people around the island thanks to the motor car, which required higher capacity on the old road network and more parking.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_6-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 1960s, income from the Jersey States Lottery was used to excavate a two-lane road <a href="/wiki/Tunnel" title="Tunnel">tunnel</a> under Fort Regent, enabling traffic from the harbour to the east coast towns to avoid a tortuous route around the fort. </p><p>A number of architecturally and historically significant buildings have been destroyed since the Second World War, including the demolishing of one of the oldest townhouses the <i>Manoir de la Motte</i>, located on the corner of Grosvenor Street and St James Street, the site where Lt-Governor Corbet surrendered to the French during the Battle of Jersey. A heritage architecture preservation movement grew, partly due to the destruction of a number of historic buildings in the Hue/Dumaresq Street area. This led to increased planning restrictions aimed to preserve the town's architectural heritage and preservation of the town's character has become a key part of Jersey's national planning policy.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_6-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> About the same time, Fort Regent was converted into a major leisure facility and was linked to the town centre by a <a href="/wiki/Gondola" title="Gondola">gondola</a> cableway, which was closed and demolished in the 1990s. In the 1970s, a programme of pedestrianisation of the central streets was undertaken. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="21st_century">21st century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=St_Helier&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: 21st century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2006, it was reported that the Connétable, with the backing of the <a href="/wiki/Chief_Minister_of_Jersey" title="Chief Minister of Jersey">Chief Minister of Jersey</a>, was to seek <a href="/wiki/City_status" title="City status">city status</a> for St Helier.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/2022_St_Helier_explosion" title="2022 St Helier explosion">An explosion</a> at a block of flats in Pier Road on 10 December 2022 killed at least eight people. The initial assumption is that it was caused by a gas leak.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politics_and_government">Politics and government</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=St_Helier&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Politics and government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Municipality">Municipality</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=St_Helier&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Municipality"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Salle_Paroissiale_de_Saint_H%C3%A9lier,_Jersey.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Salle_Paroissiale_de_Saint_H%C3%A9lier%2C_Jersey.jpg/220px-Salle_Paroissiale_de_Saint_H%C3%A9lier%2C_Jersey.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="205" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Salle_Paroissiale_de_Saint_H%C3%A9lier%2C_Jersey.jpg/330px-Salle_Paroissiale_de_Saint_H%C3%A9lier%2C_Jersey.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Salle_Paroissiale_de_Saint_H%C3%A9lier%2C_Jersey.jpg/440px-Salle_Paroissiale_de_Saint_H%C3%A9lier%2C_Jersey.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1265" data-file-height="1178" /></a><figcaption>The Town Hall is the seat of municipal administration</figcaption></figure> <p>The parish has its own responsibilities, and elections to the <a href="/wiki/Municipality" title="Municipality">municipality</a> of St Helier take place to elect honorary officials who fulfill a variety of roles for parishioners under the overall control of the constable, two <a href="/wiki/Procureur_du_Bien_Public" title="Procureur du Bien Public">Procureurs du Bien Public</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Parish_Assembly_(Jersey)" title="Parish Assembly (Jersey)">Parish Assembly</a>. Elected officials are supported by a paid administration within the parish. </p><p>Five members of the <a href="/wiki/Roads_Committee" title="Roads Committee">Roads Committee</a> and ten <a href="/wiki/Roads_Inspector" class="mw-redirect" title="Roads Inspector">Roads Inspectors</a> are also elected by parishioners and ensure that the roads of the parish are kept in good repair. The members of the Assessment Committee are elected to agree to the rate chargeable to each property in the parish. The <a href="/wiki/Accounts_Committee" title="Accounts Committee">Accounts Committee</a> are elected to ensure that the accounts of the Parish represent a 'true and fair view' of the state of the parish finances in order that the Parish Assembly may rely upon the information to set the parish <a href="/wiki/Rates_(tax)" title="Rates (tax)">rate</a>. As with the other parishes, St Helier has an <a href="/wiki/Honorary_police" class="mw-redirect" title="Honorary police">honorary police</a> force. </p><p>The parish is divided into <a href="/wiki/Vingtaine" title="Vingtaine">vingtaines</a> for administrative purposes: </p> <ul><li>La <a href="/wiki/Vingtaine_de_la_Ville" title="Vingtaine de la Ville">Vingtaine de la Ville</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canton_de_Bas_de_la_Vingtaine_de_la_Ville" class="mw-redirect" title="Canton de Bas de la Vingtaine de la Ville">Canton de Bas de la Vingtaine de la Ville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_de_Haut_de_la_Vingtaine_de_la_Ville" class="mw-redirect" title="Canton de Haut de la Vingtaine de la Ville">Canton de Haut de la Vingtaine de la Ville</a></li></ul></li> <li>La <a href="/wiki/Vingtaine_du_Rouge_Bouillon" title="Vingtaine du Rouge Bouillon">Vingtaine du Rouge Bouillon</a></li> <li>La <a href="/wiki/Vingtaine_de_Bas_du_Mont_au_Pr%C3%AAtre" title="Vingtaine de Bas du Mont au Prêtre">Vingtaine de Bas du Mont au Prêtre</a></li> <li>La <a href="/wiki/Vingtaine_de_Haut_du_Mont_au_Pr%C3%AAtre" title="Vingtaine de Haut du Mont au Prêtre">Vingtaine de Haut du Mont au Prêtre</a></li> <li>La <a href="/wiki/Vingtaine_du_Mont_%C3%A0_l%27Abb%C3%A9" title="Vingtaine du Mont à l'Abbé">Vingtaine du Mont à l'Abbé</a></li> <li>La <a href="/wiki/Vingtaine_du_Mont_Cochon" title="Vingtaine du Mont Cochon">Vingtaine du Mont Cochon</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Conseil_Municipal">Conseil Municipal</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=St_Helier&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Conseil Municipal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <i>Conseil Municipal</i> is a new municipal council for St Helier. The idea of creating a council was first floated in 1892; however, the idea was not put into place until November 2019, when it was agreed to establish a Shadow Conseil to trial the idea in 2020. The idea is to help the Parish to deliver the parish objectives.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It is composed of:<sup id="cite_ref-:6_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>The Constable</li> <li>The Procureurs du Bien Public</li> <li>Roads Committee members</li> <li>One elected youth member</li> <li>Four other members to be elected</li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chambre_des_%C3%89tats_de_Jersey_%C3%A0_Saint-H%C3%A9lier_(%C3%A9t%C3%A9_2019).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Chambre_des_%C3%89tats_de_Jersey_%C3%A0_Saint-H%C3%A9lier_%28%C3%A9t%C3%A9_2019%29.JPG/220px-Chambre_des_%C3%89tats_de_Jersey_%C3%A0_Saint-H%C3%A9lier_%28%C3%A9t%C3%A9_2019%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Chambre_des_%C3%89tats_de_Jersey_%C3%A0_Saint-H%C3%A9lier_%28%C3%A9t%C3%A9_2019%29.JPG/330px-Chambre_des_%C3%89tats_de_Jersey_%C3%A0_Saint-H%C3%A9lier_%28%C3%A9t%C3%A9_2019%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Chambre_des_%C3%89tats_de_Jersey_%C3%A0_Saint-H%C3%A9lier_%28%C3%A9t%C3%A9_2019%29.JPG/440px-Chambre_des_%C3%89tats_de_Jersey_%C3%A0_Saint-H%C3%A9lier_%28%C3%A9t%C3%A9_2019%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2426" data-file-height="3234" /></a><figcaption>The States Chamber, the island's parliamentary building, is located in St Helier.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="States_representation">States representation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=St_Helier&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: States representation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_States_Assembly" class="mw-redirect" title="List of members of the States Assembly">List of members of the States Assembly</a></div> <p>At present, the parish forms three electoral districts for <a href="/wiki/States_Assembly" title="States Assembly">States Assembly</a> elections and elects 13 Deputies and the parish's <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Connétable</i></span>, who sits in the States <span title="Lithuanian-language text"><i lang="lt">ex oficio</i></span>. The current Deputies for St Helier are listed below. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Electoral districts of St Helier<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>District </th> <th>Vigntaines </th> <th>States members </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2">Whole parish for <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Connétable</i></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Simon_Crowcroft" title="Simon Crowcroft">Simon Crowcroft</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>North </td> <td> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vingtaine_du_Mont_Cochon" title="Vingtaine du Mont Cochon">Vingtaine du Mont Cochon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vingtaine_du_Mont_%C3%A0_l%27Abb%C3%A9" title="Vingtaine du Mont à l'Abbé">Vingtaine du Mont à l'Abbé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vingtaine_de_Haut_du_Mont_au_Pr%C3%AAtre" title="Vingtaine de Haut du Mont au Prêtre">Vingtaine de Haut du Mont au Prêtre</a></li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Inna Gardiner</li> <li>Mary Le Hegarat</li> <li>Max Andrews</li> <li>Steve Ahier</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Central </td> <td> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vingtaine_de_Bas_du_Mont_au_Pr%C3%AAtre" title="Vingtaine de Bas du Mont au Prêtre">Vingtaine de Bas du Mont au Prêtre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vingtaine_du_Rouge_Bouillon" title="Vingtaine du Rouge Bouillon">Vingtaine du Rouge Bouillon</a></li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Carina Alves</li> <li>Catherine Curtis</li> <li>Lyndsay Feltham</li> <li>Robert Ward</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td>South </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vingtaine_de_la_Ville" title="Vingtaine de la Ville">Vingtaine de la Ville</a> </td> <td> <ul><li>Beatriz Porée</li> <li>David Warr</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoff_Southern" title="Geoff Southern">Geoff Southern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_M%C3%A9zec" title="Sam Mézec">Sam Mézec</a></li> <li>Tom Coles</li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Capital_city">Capital city</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=St_Helier&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Capital city"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>St Helier is the <i>de facto</i> <a href="/wiki/Capital_city" title="Capital city">capital</a> of Jersey<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as the main town and seat of both the civil government and legal system, though the seat of the Crown is <a href="/wiki/Government_House,_Jersey" title="Government House, Jersey">Government House</a>, St Saviour. The States Assembly – the legislative body – meets at the States Chamber, next to the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Court_(Jersey)" title="Royal Court (Jersey)">Royal Court</a> – the highest court of the island's judicial system. Both are based in the Royal Square.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The executive is based temporarily at offices in Broad Street. New offices are being constructed at Cyril Le Marquand House on the Parade.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As foreign relations are the responsibility of the UK, St Helier does not host any foreign embassies, though there are a number of <a href="/wiki/Honorary_consulates" class="mw-redirect" title="Honorary consulates">honorary consulates</a> for foreign governments with links to the Island (e.g. France and Portugal) based in the town.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=St_Helier&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>St Helier is one of the twelve parishes of Jersey and is the most populated of them. It is located on the island's south coast, on the eastern end of St Aubin's Bay. It covers the majority, and the principal part of, the island's principal settlement (henceforth referred to as "the town"). A large part of the parish is rural. </p><p>The town has no clearly defined boundary and does not directly match any parish boundaries. The 2011 Island Plan defines the built-up area as including a large part of the Southern part of the parish (the contiguous built-up area within the parish, notably excluding parts of Mont à l'Abbé, Le Mont au Prêtre, Grands Vaux, and St Andrews), a part of St Saviour (however not the Five Oaks area, despite being part of the contiguous urban area) and the Georgetown-Plat Douet area of St Saviour and St Clement.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most of the town is located on low-lying land, consisting of escarpment and flood plain.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The town's centre is located entirely within the Parish of St Helier, and mostly consists of the area surrounding the town's <a href="/wiki/High_Street" title="High Street">high street</a>, King Street, and Queen Street. It also contains the Parade <a href="/wiki/Cenotaph" title="Cenotaph">Cenotaph</a>, Town Church, Town Hall, Royal Square, Victorian Market, the <a href="/wiki/States_Assembly" title="States Assembly">States Chamber</a> and Liberation Square. The town centre is the <a href="/wiki/Central_business_district" title="Central business district">central business district</a> for the island, containing the principal retail and finance companies. </p><p>The parish has a population of 33,522<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a land area of 10.6 km<sup>2</sup>, making it the densest parish on the island. </p><p>The topography of the parish is one of the most varied. The marshland on which the town is situated is encircled by highlands which protect the town from the worst winds.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the southeast of the parish, rising from the plains in the centre of town is Mont de Ville and <a href="/wiki/Mount_Bingham" title="Mount Bingham">Mount Bingham</a> which divide the Havre des Pas district from the Harbour. </p><p>Le Grand Douet runs underneath the parish from the north near Grands Vaux, out near the Underpass (pictured below). </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Waterfront_Centre.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Waterfront_Centre.jpg/220px-Waterfront_Centre.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Waterfront_Centre.jpg/330px-Waterfront_Centre.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Waterfront_Centre.jpg/440px-Waterfront_Centre.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>The Waterfront Centre was constructed on land reclaimed in the 1980s.</figcaption></figure> <p>Since the 1980s, a significant <a href="/wiki/Land_reclamation" title="Land reclamation">reclamation</a> project has extended the southern area of St Helier – the area now known as the <a href="/wiki/Waterfront_(St_Helier)" title="Waterfront (St Helier)">Waterfront</a>. The <a href="/wiki/A1_road_(Jersey)" title="A1 road (Jersey)">A1 dual carriageway</a> was upgraded and extended, with a new <a href="/wiki/Grade_separation" title="Grade separation">grade-separated</a> roundabout junction, the first in the Channel Islands. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Architecture">Architecture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=St_Helier&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Architecture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The town is not particularly visible from the island's countryside due to the town's position in a sheltering landscape. The parish has a number of character areas:<sup id="cite_ref-:0_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>West Esplanade and Elizabeth Castle is defined by extensive panoramic views of St Aubin's Bay and the sea and architecturally dominated by <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Castle" title="Elizabeth Castle">Elizabeth Castle</a>.</li> <li>La Collette consists of mostly reclaimed ground surrounded on three sides by the sea. Its primary usage is industrial and it holds the iconic landmark of La Collette power station chimney, visible across St Helier.</li> <li>Havre des Pas is one of the most distinctive and pleasant areas of the town. Predominantly historical architecture with a seaside town flavour.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Regent" title="Fort Regent">Fort Regent</a> – its silhouette is one of the most recognisable images of St Helier. It is an iconic landmark, significant historic site, and major leisure facility.</li> <li>Old Harbours has a distinctive identity as a historic harbour area, with open public spaces such as Liberation Square. The piers and harbour structures originate from the early 19th century.</li> <li>New <a href="/wiki/Waterfront_(St_Helier)" title="Waterfront (St Helier)">Waterfront</a> – on mostly reclaimed land. Distinguishable from the rest of town, consisting of contemporary architecture and a lack of traditional street layout. Home to a leisure centre, modern apartments and office spaces, and several green spaces.</li> <li>The Parade and Esplanade is the historic built edge of the town. A mix of historic, post-war and modern buildings. It hosts the General Hospital and the Parade Gardens.</li> <li>Town Centre Core, the civic heart of St Helier, has a network of pedestrianised streets and public spaces, as well as a number of significant landmarks.</li> <li>Town Centre North is predominantly residential, home to St Thomas' Church, Springfield Stadium, and the Millenium Town Park.</li> <li>Town Centre Edges and Slopes hosts predominantly suburban low-density residential, with a notable landmark being <a href="/wiki/Victoria_College,_Jersey" title="Victoria College, Jersey">Victoria College</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=St_Helier&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Under the <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen climate classification</a>, St Helier has an <a href="/wiki/Oceanic_climate" title="Oceanic climate">Oceanic climate</a>, with mild, rainy winters and mild to warm, quite sunny summers.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Winters on the island tend to be milder than in both mainland Britain and Continental Europe, being greatly influenced by the surrounding ocean and the Gulf stream. Snow and frosts are rare and happen only when a severe cold snap reaches Western Europe. Summers on the island does not see the hot temperatures that England and mainland Europe can experience in occasional heatwaves, but the weather is often better than on the mainland with more sunshine and less rain. As the island is more subject to influence from the azores high, and the ocean prevents convectional percipitaion, rainfall is plentiful in autumn-winter but modest in late spring and summer with July being the driest month. Sunshine hours are noticeably higher than in mainland UK and northern France averaging 1950 pr year compared to 1650 in London or Paris . January is the coldest month with an average high of 9 °C (48 °F), and a low of 5 °C (41 °F). July is the warmest month, with an average high of 21 °C (70 °F), and a low of 14 °C (57 °F).<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> St Helier also set the record for the most sunshine ever reported in one calendar year in the British Isles.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Saint Helier 54m asl, 1991-2020 </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFDDBB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.4<br />(48.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFDDBC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.3<br />(48.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFCD9B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.7<br />(53.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFBA76; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.4<br />(57.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFA852; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17<br />(63) </td> <td style="background: #FF9831; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.4<br />(66.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF870F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.9<br />(71.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF870F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.9<br />(71.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF9225; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.3<br />(68.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFAD5C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.3<br />(61.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFC78F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.6<br />(54.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFD4AA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.6<br />(51.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFB368; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">15.4<br />(59.7) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFF3E7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.2<br />(43.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFF8F2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.4<br />(41.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFF2E6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.3<br />(43.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFE8D2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.7<br />(45.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFD6AD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.4<br />(50.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFC58C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.8<br />(55.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFBA75; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.5<br />(58.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFB66E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.0<br />(59.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFBE7E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.8<br />(56.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFCD9B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.7<br />(53.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFDDBB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.4<br />(48.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFE6CE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.0<br />(46.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFD8B1; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">10.1<br />(50.2) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average rainfall mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #71FF71; color:#000000;" class="notheme">95<br />(3.7) </td> <td style="background: #89FF89; color:#000000;" class="notheme">72<br />(2.8) </td> <td style="background: #A1FFA1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">63<br />(2.5) </td> <td style="background: #AAFFAA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">55<br />(2.2) </td> <td style="background: #AEFFAE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">54<br />(2.1) </td> <td style="background: #B2FFB2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">50<br />(2.0) </td> <td style="background: #BEFFBE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">43<br />(1.7) </td> <td style="background: #B1FFB1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">52<br />(2.0) </td> <td style="background: #9AFF9A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">65<br />(2.6) </td> <td style="background: #62FF62; color:#000000;" class="notheme">105<br />(4.1) </td> <td style="background: #5AFF5A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">107<br />(4.2) </td> <td style="background: #5BFF5B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">110<br />(4.3) </td> <td style="background: #90FF90; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">871<br />(34.2) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average rainy days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 1.0 mm)</span> </th> <td style="background: #B6B6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.9 </td> <td style="background: #C3C3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.4 </td> <td style="background: #DBDBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.9 </td> <td style="background: #D4D4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.3 </td> <td style="background: #D9D9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.0 </td> <td style="background: #DCDCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.7 </td> <td style="background: #F8F8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.5 </td> <td style="background: #E7E7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.9 </td> <td style="background: #D3D3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.4 </td> <td style="background: #C7C7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.5 </td> <td style="background: #B8B8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.5 </td> <td style="background: #B8B8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.7 </td> <td style="background: #D1D1FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">43.7 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #808080; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">70.3 </td> <td style="background: #B9B94B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">116.0 </td> <td style="background: #CDCD00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">170.8 </td> <td style="background: #D8D800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">198.9 </td> <td style="background: #E7E700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">268.7 </td> <td style="background: #E3E300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">242.9 </td> <td style="background: #E9E900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">278.8 </td> <td style="background: #E4E400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">255.0 </td> <td style="background: #D7D700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">192.4 </td> <td style="background: #B9B94B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">127.4 </td> <td style="background: #A9A9A9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">89.6 </td> <td style="background: #848484; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">72.4 </td> <td style="background: #D0D000; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">2,083.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: Infoclimat<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demography">Demography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=St_Helier&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Demography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Saint_Helier_1709.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Saint_Helier_1709.jpg/220px-Saint_Helier_1709.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Saint_Helier_1709.jpg/330px-Saint_Helier_1709.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Saint_Helier_1709.jpg/440px-Saint_Helier_1709.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1236" data-file-height="951" /></a><figcaption>A depiction of the Town of St Helier as it was in 1709</figcaption></figure> <p>St Helier is the most populated of Jersey's parishes, with 33,522 residents according to the 2011 census.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236656977">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style><table class="table-pale" style="width:15em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:none;clear:none;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Historical population</caption><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Percent change" class="abbr-header">±%</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1991</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">28,123</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1996</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">27,523</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−2.1%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2001</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">28,310</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+2.9%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2011</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">33,522</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+18.4%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2021</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">35,822</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+6.9%</td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=St_Helier&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>St Helier contains cultural facilities at the Jersey Museum, the Maritime Museum, the <a href="/wiki/Jersey_Opera_House" title="Jersey Opera House">Jersey Opera House</a>, the Jersey Arts Centre, the performance venue of St James, the sports and entertainment facilities at Fort Regent, the Jersey Library, the library of La <a href="/wiki/Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_Jersiaise" title="Société Jersiaise">Société Jersiaise</a> and the Jersey Archive. </p><p>The parish has hosted the <a href="/wiki/Jersey_Battle_of_Flowers" title="Jersey Battle of Flowers">Jersey Battle of Flowers</a> carnival since 1902. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Media">Media</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=St_Helier&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a> has its regional centre in the city. It is the base of <a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_Jersey" title="BBC Radio Jersey">BBC Radio Jersey</a> and for <a href="/wiki/BBC_South_West" title="BBC South West">BBC Channel Islands</a> regional programmes, the complex contains studios and offices. <a href="/wiki/ITV_Channel_Television" title="ITV Channel Television">ITV Channel Television</a> is also based in St Helier and broadcasts the regional programme, <i><a href="/wiki/ITV_News_Channel_TV" title="ITV News Channel TV">ITV News Channel TV</a></i> on <a href="/wiki/ITV1" title="ITV1">ITV1</a>. <a href="/wiki/Channel_103" title="Channel 103">Channel 103</a> is an <a href="/wiki/Independent_Local_Radio" title="Independent Local Radio">Independent Local Radio</a> station. The local newspaper is the <i><a href="/wiki/Jersey_Evening_Post" title="Jersey Evening Post">Jersey Evening Post</a></i>, which is printed six days a week, and has been in publication since 1890.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Public_squares_and_parks">Public squares and parks</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=St_Helier&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Public squares and parks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Weighbridge">The Weighbridge</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=St_Helier&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: The Weighbridge"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:F%C3%AAte_d%C3%A9_Nou%C3%A9_2010_xmas_market-10.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/F%C3%AAte_d%C3%A9_Nou%C3%A9_2010_xmas_market-10.jpg/220px-F%C3%AAte_d%C3%A9_Nou%C3%A9_2010_xmas_market-10.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/F%C3%AAte_d%C3%A9_Nou%C3%A9_2010_xmas_market-10.jpg/330px-F%C3%AAte_d%C3%A9_Nou%C3%A9_2010_xmas_market-10.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/F%C3%AAte_d%C3%A9_Nou%C3%A9_2010_xmas_market-10.jpg/440px-F%C3%AAte_d%C3%A9_Nou%C3%A9_2010_xmas_market-10.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5616" data-file-height="3744" /></a><figcaption>The Fete dé Noué Christmas Market in the Weighbridge in 2010</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:St_Helier_Waterfront_from_Fort_Regent.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/St_Helier_Waterfront_from_Fort_Regent.jpg/220px-St_Helier_Waterfront_from_Fort_Regent.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/St_Helier_Waterfront_from_Fort_Regent.jpg/330px-St_Helier_Waterfront_from_Fort_Regent.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/St_Helier_Waterfront_from_Fort_Regent.jpg/440px-St_Helier_Waterfront_from_Fort_Regent.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>A view over the Weighbridge</figcaption></figure> <p>The Weighbridge is a public space in the south of town. The modern space consists of three squares, trisected by <a href="/wiki/A1_road_(Jersey)" title="A1 road (Jersey)">La Route de la Libération</a> and the Esplanade. The Weighbridge is notable for being the site of the <a href="/wiki/Liberation_Day_(Channel_Islands)" title="Liberation Day (Channel Islands)">Liberation of Jersey</a>, when British soldiers raised the <a href="/wiki/Union_Jack" title="Union Jack">Union Flag</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Pomme_d%27Or_Hotel" title="Pomme d'Or Hotel">Pomme d'Or Hotel</a>, bringing a return to British rule in the island after five years under <a href="/wiki/German_occupation_of_the_Channel_Islands" title="German occupation of the Channel Islands">Nazi occupation</a>. </p><p>In 1995, to celebrate the 50th anniversary of Jersey's liberation from <a href="/wiki/German_occupation_of_the_Channel_Islands" title="German occupation of the Channel Islands">Nazi occupation</a>, and thus 50 years of peace, a sculpture was erected in the focal point for the celebrations when the island was liberated. </p><p>The sculpture was originally to depict islanders releasing doves of peace, but this came under fierce criticism, with some islanders remarking that had any doves been on the island during the occupation, they would have been eaten by starving German soldiers. Therefore, the sculpture was revised to show islanders raising the British flag, as they had done on the day of liberation 50 years previous. </p><p>The site is on reclaimed land and has served many purposes over the years. The initial weighbridge was constructed in 1825. The town terminus of the <a href="/wiki/Jersey_Railway" title="Jersey Railway">Jersey Railway</a> was opened here in 1870. A statue of Queen Victoria was initially located in what is now Weighbridge Place (it has been relocated to Victoria Park at West Park). This area also served as the island's bus terminus until the opening of Liberation Station in 2005.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 1990s, Liberation Square was built in front of the Pomme D'Or for the 50th anniversary of Liberation. It features a statue of islanders holding up a Union Flag. The circular forms of the square represent free thought and liberation. There is a moat around the statue representing the sea and twelve representing the <a href="/wiki/Parishes_of_Jersey" title="Parishes of Jersey">parishes</a> of the island.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Parade">The Parade</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=St_Helier&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: The Parade"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Parade_Gardens.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Parade_Gardens.jpg/220px-Parade_Gardens.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="292" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Parade_Gardens.jpg/330px-Parade_Gardens.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Parade_Gardens.jpg/440px-Parade_Gardens.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="4080" /></a><figcaption>The statue of former Governor Don in Parade Gardens</figcaption></figure> <p>The Parade is a wide area in the west of St Helier, incorporating a park in the centre and roads around most of the edges. The area is home to the Cenotaph and General Hospital. It is known as <i>Les Mielles</i> in Jèrriais, meaning sand dunes.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It was initially a drilling ground for the island's troops. The original hospital building was completed in 1768, but was originally used as barracks.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Cenotaph was constructed in 1923 to commemorate those islanders who lost their lives in the <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">First World War</a> (however has also been expanded to the <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">Second World War</a>), designed by Charles de Gruchy. It is the focal site for <a href="/wiki/Remembrance_Day" title="Remembrance Day">Rememebrance Day</a> celebrations on the island.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Millennium_Town_Park">Millennium Town Park</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=St_Helier&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Millennium Town Park"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Millennium_Town_Park_Jersey_2012_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Millennium_Town_Park_Jersey_2012_1.jpg/220px-Millennium_Town_Park_Jersey_2012_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Millennium_Town_Park_Jersey_2012_1.jpg/330px-Millennium_Town_Park_Jersey_2012_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Millennium_Town_Park_Jersey_2012_1.jpg/440px-Millennium_Town_Park_Jersey_2012_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3766" data-file-height="2041" /></a><figcaption>Millenium Park in 2012</figcaption></figure> <p>This is the newest park in St Helier, opened on a former car park site in 2011. Its creation was initially agreed in 2000; however, plans stalled due to a lack of funds.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The park has water features, sculptures, a playground and an area to play ball games. It also has a cycle path through the centre of it. </p><p>The site has contributed to local regeneration, with new developments nearby such as Merchant's Square<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the Gas Place development.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Charing_Cross">Charing Cross</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=St_Helier&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Charing Cross"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Crapaud_St_Helier_Jersey.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Crapaud_St_Helier_Jersey.jpg/220px-Crapaud_St_Helier_Jersey.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Crapaud_St_Helier_Jersey.jpg/330px-Crapaud_St_Helier_Jersey.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Crapaud_St_Helier_Jersey.jpg/440px-Crapaud_St_Helier_Jersey.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1038" data-file-height="720" /></a><figcaption><i>Le Crapaud</i> of Charing Cross</figcaption></figure> <p>Formerly the site of the prison in the 17th century, Charing Cross is a square at the western end of <a href="/wiki/King_Street,_Saint_Helier" title="King Street, Saint Helier">King Street</a>. There is a monument of a Toad ("<i>Le Crapaud</i>"). It was erected in 2004 as part of the commemoration of 800 years of allegiance to the <a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Monarchy of the United Kingdom">English Crown</a>. On the side, there are inscribed extracts from the Code Le Geyt. Across the road, there is <i>La Croix de la Reine</i>, a cross erected to commemorate the Queen's <a href="/wiki/Silver_Jubilee_of_Elizabeth_II" title="Silver Jubilee of Elizabeth II">Silver Jubilee</a> in 1977.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Recently, the <a href="/wiki/Channel_Islands_Co-operative_Society" title="Channel Islands Co-operative Society">Co-operative</a> building on the square was redeveloped, with a new <a href="/wiki/Grocery_store" title="Grocery store">food store</a> and the island's first <a href="/wiki/Premier_Inn" title="Premier Inn">Premier Inn</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="St_Andrew's_Park"><span id="St_Andrew.27s_Park"></span>St Andrew's Park</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=St_Helier&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: St Andrew's Park"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>St Andrew's Park is located around St Andrew's Church in First Tower. It was donated by the Seigneur of Mélèches in 1911. Two neolithic dolmens can be found at St Andrew's Park near the main road which date to 2800 and 2300 BCE.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Landmarks">Landmarks</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=St_Helier&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Landmarks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Many places in St Helier have been formally listed as Sites of Special Interest by the Planning and Environment department of Jersey.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Elizabeth_Castle">Elizabeth Castle</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=St_Helier&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Elizabeth Castle"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ch%C3%A2t%C3%A9_L%C3%AEzab%C3%A9_du_Mont_%C3%A8s_Pendus_J%C3%A8rri.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Ch%C3%A2t%C3%A9_L%C3%AEzab%C3%A9_du_Mont_%C3%A8s_Pendus_J%C3%A8rri.jpg/220px-Ch%C3%A2t%C3%A9_L%C3%AEzab%C3%A9_du_Mont_%C3%A8s_Pendus_J%C3%A8rri.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Ch%C3%A2t%C3%A9_L%C3%AEzab%C3%A9_du_Mont_%C3%A8s_Pendus_J%C3%A8rri.jpg/330px-Ch%C3%A2t%C3%A9_L%C3%AEzab%C3%A9_du_Mont_%C3%A8s_Pendus_J%C3%A8rri.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Ch%C3%A2t%C3%A9_L%C3%AEzab%C3%A9_du_Mont_%C3%A8s_Pendus_J%C3%A8rri.jpg/440px-Ch%C3%A2t%C3%A9_L%C3%AEzab%C3%A9_du_Mont_%C3%A8s_Pendus_J%C3%A8rri.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1434" data-file-height="700" /></a><figcaption>The castle viewed from the town, with the duck ferry running in its amphibious form</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Castle" title="Elizabeth Castle">Elizabeth Castle</a> is a 16th-century castle located on a tidal island off the coast of the town. It was constructed to supplement the defence provided by Mont Orgeuil in St Martin. It is now a museum and tourist attraction, administered by Jersey Heritage. It can be accessed by a causeway at low tide, which becomes inundated at high tide, and a <a href="/wiki/Duck_tour" title="Duck tour">duck ferry</a>, which runs on land at low tide and by sea at high tide. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fort_Regent">Fort Regent</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=St_Helier&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Fort Regent"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Fort_Regent" title="Fort Regent">Fort Regent</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fort_Regent_dome_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Fort_Regent_dome_2.jpg/220px-Fort_Regent_dome_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Fort_Regent_dome_2.jpg/330px-Fort_Regent_dome_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Fort_Regent_dome_2.jpg/440px-Fort_Regent_dome_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1473" data-file-height="938" /></a><figcaption>Fort Regent</figcaption></figure> <p>Fort Regent is located at the top of the Mont de la Ville. It was initially constructed as a barracks at the end of the <a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_Wars" title="Napoleonic Wars">Napoleonic Wars</a>. It was decided to develop it into a leisure complex in 1967. There was a <a href="/wiki/Cable_car_(railway)" title="Cable car (railway)">cable car</a> that gave access to Fort Regent from Snow Hill. However, it was closed in 1991. There also used to be a swimming pool that opened in 1971, but it was knocked down in 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A tunnel (<a href="/wiki/A17_road_(Jersey)" title="A17 road (Jersey)">A17</a>) was opened under the Fort on 25 February 1970 after seven years of construction.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The tunnel links traffic from the east to the west of the island, and allowed for the pedestrianisation of the town centre. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Central_Market_and_Beresford_Market">Central Market and Beresford Market</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=St_Helier&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Central Market and Beresford Market"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Central_Market_St_Helier.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Central_Market_St_Helier.jpg/220px-Central_Market_St_Helier.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Central_Market_St_Helier.jpg/330px-Central_Market_St_Helier.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Central_Market_St_Helier.jpg/440px-Central_Market_St_Helier.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption>Central Market</figcaption></figure> <p>Central Market, in Beresford Street, St Helier, is an indoor market that was opened in 1882.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is an official Site of Special Interest,<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is popular with tourists and locals. It features <a href="/wiki/Victorian_architecture" title="Victorian architecture">Victorian architecture</a> including <a href="/wiki/Cast_iron" title="Cast iron">cast iron</a> structures, and an ornamental <a href="/wiki/Fountain" title="Fountain">fountain</a> in the centre. The market was designed by Thomas Helliwell of Brighouse, Yorkshire, working with <a href="/wiki/Bellamy_and_Hardy" title="Bellamy and Hardy">Bellamy and Hardy</a> of Lincoln.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The market comprises stalls selling flowers, fruit and vegetables, as well as small shops and cafés. </p><p>Beresford Market is a separate building next to the Central Market and specialises in fishmongery.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="16_New_Street">16 New Street</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=St_Helier&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: 16 New Street"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This is an 18th-century <a href="/wiki/Georgian_architecture" title="Georgian architecture">Georgian</a> <a href="/wiki/Townhouse" title="Townhouse">townhouse</a>, with some 19th century additions, which has been renovated by the <a href="/wiki/National_Trust_for_Jersey" title="National Trust for Jersey">National Trust for Jersey</a>, and is now operated as a museum.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=St_Helier&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Underpass,_Jersey.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Underpass%2C_Jersey.jpg/220px-Underpass%2C_Jersey.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Underpass%2C_Jersey.jpg/330px-Underpass%2C_Jersey.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Underpass%2C_Jersey.jpg/440px-Underpass%2C_Jersey.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>The Underpass, near Liberation Square in the south of St Helier. In the background is the new International Finance Centre. Le Grand Douet runs underneath this road.</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Jersey" title="Transport in Jersey">Transport in Jersey</a></div> <p>The primary road network in the parish consists of the St Helier Ring Road (part of which is located in St Saviour) and a series of A roads branching from there to the surrounding parishes, such as <a href="/wiki/A2_road_(Jersey)" class="mw-redirect" title="A2 road (Jersey)">Victoria Avenue</a>. Under Fort Regent, a road tunnel connects the West and the East of the island together. </p><p>The parish is responsible for the upkeep of by-roads (<i>chemins vicinaux</i>) within its boundaries, managed by the Roads Committee. The Government is responsible for main roads.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The parish contains Liberation Station, the bus terminus for the island's public transport network. Every bus route on the island terminates in St Helier and the parish has bus connections to every settlement on the island.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A number of bus services provide a direct connection to <a href="/wiki/Jersey_Airport" title="Jersey Airport">Jersey Airport</a> in <a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter,_Jersey" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Peter, Jersey">St Peter</a>. In 2022, the <a href="/wiki/TownLink" title="TownLink">TownLink</a> service was introduced which provides a local service within St Helier. </p><p>The parish contains the island's main port, with ferry services to <a href="/wiki/Saint-Malo" title="Saint-Malo">Saint-Malo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Poole" title="Poole">Poole</a> and <a href="/wiki/Portsmouth" title="Portsmouth">Portsmouth</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Religious_sites">Religious sites</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=St_Helier&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Religious sites"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The parish church is known as the Town Church and is the oldest building in St Helier, located on Church Street, across from the Royal Court. It predates the Battle of Hastings and has been altered and enlarged a number of times since. After the Reformation, the church became a Huguenot temple and eight successive Rectors were French Huguenot ministers. In 1842, due to the rising population of St Helier, the Dean of Jersey raised money to replace the church with a larger building; however, it was never built. The Rector of the Town Church is normally co-officially the Dean of Jersey. Charles II attended service in the Town Church a number of times before and during his reign.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As the town expanded in the 19th century, more Anglican churches were needed, especially for English services. The Church of St Mark on David Place, was opened in 1844, with a large two-storey congregation. The church was constructed on a shareholder system, whereby parishioners could purchase pews. The church's bells are the most southerly in the British Isles. St Andrew's Church at First Tower was originally opened in 1850 as a seamen's mission on Castle Street. It then moved to the Esplanade in a dedicated building in 1854. As the town spread west, the church's curate moved his church to a new park on a site donated by the Seigneur of Mélèches and opened in 1930.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_41-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The St Helier Methodist Centre on Halkett Place was originally part of the French Methodist circuit. The centre was built in 1847 for a congregation of 1,450. There were several other Methodist churches. In 1956, the French and English Methodist Churches combined into a single circuit; the congregations of Wesley Street and Grove Place combined into the Wesley Grove Methodist Church. In 2000, all the Methodist congregations in St Helier moved to the Halkett Place Chapel. St Thomas', commonly known as the French Church, is the largest Catholic congregation in the island. Its 1887 building is the finest example of French Gothic architecture in Jersey. There is also a Polish shrine and a Portuguese chapel, to serve the island's Catholic immigrant populations, the latter dedicated to Our Lady of Fatima.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_41-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Future_plans">Future plans</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=St_Helier&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Future plans"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Waterfront_Gardens.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Waterfront_Gardens.jpg/220px-Waterfront_Gardens.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Waterfront_Gardens.jpg/330px-Waterfront_Gardens.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Waterfront_Gardens.jpg/440px-Waterfront_Gardens.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4080" data-file-height="3072" /></a><figcaption>Waterfront Gardens (<span title="Norman-language text"><i lang="nrf">Jardîns du Quartchi du Hâvre</i></span>) in 2022</figcaption></figure> <p>The Waterfront (<span title="Norman-language text"><i lang="nrf">Quartchi du Hâvre</i></span>) district of St Helier sits on land reclaimed during the 1980s. Since then, there have been numerous plans aimed at developing the area. The current planning framework covering the area is the <i>Southwest St Helier Planning Framework</i>, published in 2019. The plan aims to improve safety and convenience for pedestrians across La Route de la Libération (which is a road that runs through the area and is grade separated and at some points six lanes wide), including the possibility of an 'iconic bridge'; require major development proposals to have detailed landscaping schemes to enhance open space and secure a mix of uses in the area, including community facilities.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The state-owned Jersey Development Company, which owns much of the land in the area, is managing the redevelopment and has contracted Gillespies, a landscape architecture firm, after a concept design competition.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of June 2021, the proposals include demolishing the existing Waterfront Centre buildings, redesigning the existing Jardins de la Mer and Waterfront Gardens parks, creating new public squares and new single-phase signalised crossings across Route de la Libération.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Twin_towns_and_sister_cities">Twin towns and sister cities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=St_Helier&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Twin towns and sister cities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>St Helier is <a href="/wiki/Twin_towns_and_sister_cities" class="mw-redirect" title="Twin towns and sister cities">twinned</a> with: </p> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal"><img alt="Portugal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Funchal" title="Funchal">Funchal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Madeira" title="Madeira">Madeira</a>, Portugal<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Avranches" title="Avranches">Avranches</a>, France</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Bad_Wurzach" title="Bad Wurzach">Bad Wurzach</a>, Germany</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Trenton,_New_Jersey" title="Trenton, New Jersey">Trenton, New Jersey</a>, United States<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sport">Sport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=St_Helier&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Sport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The parish has a number of sports facilities, including <a href="/wiki/Springfield_Stadium" title="Springfield Stadium">Springfield Stadium</a> (incorporating the island's football pitch), Aquasplash (swimming pool), pétanque pitches, badminton and the <a href="/wiki/Fort_Regent" title="Fort Regent">Fort Regent</a> leisure centre. Motorsports events take place on roads in the Parish as well as an annual Town <a href="/wiki/Criterium" title="Criterium">Criterium</a>, and the start and finish of the <a href="/wiki/Jersey_Marathon" title="Jersey Marathon">Jersey Marathon</a>. </p><p>In 2021, the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Jersey" title="Government of Jersey">Government of Jersey</a> published a report <i>Inspiring Active Places Strategy</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The strategy will have a total cost of circa £100 million. The plan proposes the removal of sports facilities from Fort Regent by early 2022, which is "beyond the end of its useful life". The report states it is not the best location for health and fitness facilities for St Helier residents. Therefore, by the end of 2021, there will be the need to create temporary or alternative facilities to enable sport relocation from Fort Regent. </p><p>Springfield will be refurbished to provide better public active facilities and a new town community park, with the single stadium pitch replaced with two smaller 5-a-side pitches by 2026/27. However, in the interim, parts of Springfield will be redeveloped to provide more parking. </p><p>The plan includes the reprovision of facilities from Fort Regent. By 2030, a new leisure centre will be constructed in the town centre, on the site of the Waterfront centre. The leases on the current Waterfront development terminate in 2027. It will include a large swimming pool, with minimal spectator provision, and 1,250 m<sup>2</sup> (13,500 sq ft) of health and fitness space. This will re-accommodate the Aquasplash facility, which will be demolished, and the current fitness facilities at the Fort. Due to the high-density town centre location, there is the opportunity to construct a three-story residential site above the facility.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=St_Helier&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Notable people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sir_George_Carteret" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir George Carteret">Sir George Carteret</a> (b. 1610), royal statesman, slave trader and first <a href="/wiki/Lord_proprietor" title="Lord proprietor">lord proprietor</a> of the <a href="/wiki/British_colony" class="mw-redirect" title="British colony">British colony</a> of <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a>, born in St Helier<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Cavill" title="Henry Cavill">Henry Cavill</a> (b. 1983), actor, known for playing <a href="/wiki/Superman" title="Superman">Superman</a> in the <a href="/wiki/DC_Extended_Universe" title="DC Extended Universe">DC Extended Universe</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Geralt_of_Rivia" title="Geralt of Rivia">Geralt of Rivia</a> in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Witcher_(TV_series)" title="The Witcher (TV series)">The Witcher</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_St_Helier_Lander" title="John St Helier Lander">John St Helier Lander</a>, artist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Poingdestre" title="Henry Poingdestre">Henry Poingdestre</a> (1832?–1885) was a New Zealand runholder, rabbit farmer and eccentric, born in St. Helier<sup id="cite_ref-DNZB_Poingdestre_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DNZB_Poingdestre-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaughn_Toulouse" title="Vaughn Toulouse">Vaughn Toulouse</a> (born Vaughn Cotillard; 30 July 1959 – 8 August 1991), British singer; founding member of Guns for Hire and its successor band <a href="/wiki/Department_S_(band)" title="Department S (band)">Department S</a>, both of which emerged from the late 70s British <a href="/wiki/Punk_rock" title="Punk rock">punk rock</a> scene;<sup id="cite_ref-metafilter_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-metafilter-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> born in St. Helier on the island of <a href="/wiki/Jersey" title="Jersey">Jersey</a> and raised in <a href="/wiki/St_Austell" title="St Austell">St Austell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cornwall" title="Cornwall">Cornwall</a><sup id="cite_ref-Cornwall_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cornwall-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-metafilter_63-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-metafilter-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=St_Helier&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beaulieu_Convent_School" title="Beaulieu Convent School">Beaulieu Convent School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_College,_Jersey" title="Victoria College, Jersey">Victoria College, Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maritime_history_of_the_Channel_Islands" title="Maritime history of the Channel Islands">Maritime history of the Channel Islands</a></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=St_Helier&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.statesassembly.gov.je/Pages/Members.aspx?MemberId=28">"Members"</a>. Statesassembly.gov.je<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 October</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Members&rft.pub=Statesassembly.gov.je&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.statesassembly.gov.je%2FPages%2FMembers.aspx%3FMemberId%3D28&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt+Helier" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-size:85%;">Bulletin 1: Population characteristics. In: Census 2021. Statistics Jersey (gov.je). Census taken 21 March 2021. Published and retrieved 13 April 2022.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.je/SiteCollectionDocuments/Government%20and%20administration/St%20Helier%20Parish%20Profile.pdf">"ST HELIER Parish profile"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. p. 9<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 September</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Jersey+Evening+Post&rft.atitle=About+Us&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjerseyeveningpost.com%2Fabout-us%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt+Helier" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theislandwiki.org/index.php/A_history_of_bus_services_in_Jersey">"A history of bus services in Jersey – theislandwiki"</a>. <i>www.theislandwiki.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.theislandwiki.org&rft.atitle=The+Parade+-+theislandwiki&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theislandwiki.org%2Findex.php%2FThe_Parade&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt+Helier" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.greatwarci.net/memorials/jersey/cenotaph.htm">"The Channel Islands and The Great War"</a>. <i>www.greatwarci.net</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 November</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Jersey+Evening+Post&rft.atitle=Trenton+twinning+tourism+boost+for+Jersey%3F&rft.date=2019-11-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jerseyeveningpost.com%2Fnews%2F2019%2F11%2F29%2Ftrenton-twinning-tourism-boost-for-jersey%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt+Helier" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation report cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inspiringactiveplaces.je/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/Inspiring-Active-Places-strategy.pdf">Inspiring Active Places Strategy 2021</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Report). Government of Jersey. 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Inspiring+Active+Places+Strategy+2021&rft.pub=Government+of+Jersey&rft.date=2021&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Finspiringactiveplaces.je%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2021%2F03%2FInspiring-Active-Places-strategy.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt+Helier" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Sir-George-Carteret-Baronet">"Sir George Carteret, Baronet | British politician"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia Britannica</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 April</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Dictionary+of+New+Zealand+Biography&rft.atitle=Henry+Poingdestre&rft.aulast=Graham&rft.aufirst=Philippa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fteara.govt.nz%2Fen%2Fbiographies%2F1p17&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt+Helier" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-metafilter-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-metafilter_63-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-metafilter_63-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.metafilter.com/73703/the-night-is-young-the-mood-is-mellow">"The night is young, the mood is mellow..."</a> MetaFilter<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 May</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+night+is+young%2C+the+mood+is+mellow...&rft.pub=MetaFilter&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.metafilter.com%2F73703%2Fthe-night-is-young-the-mood-is-mellow&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt+Helier" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cornwall-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Cornwall_64-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTrewhela2021" class="citation web cs1">Trewhela, Lee (23 May 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cornwalllive.com/whats-on/music-nightlife/cornwall-pop-star-vaughn-toulouse-5439324">"Cornwall pop star Vaughn Toulouse of Department S who died far too young"</a>. <i>Cornwall Live</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 August</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cornwall+Live&rft.atitle=Cornwall+pop+star+Vaughn+Toulouse+of+Department+S+who+died+far+too+young&rft.date=2021-05-23&rft.aulast=Trewhela&rft.aufirst=Lee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cornwalllive.com%2Fwhats-on%2Fmusic-nightlife%2Fcornwall-pop-star-vaughn-toulouse-5439324&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASt+Helier" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="General_bibliography">General bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=St_Helier&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: General bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Balleine's History of Jersey</i>, Marguerite Syvret and Joan Stevens (1998) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-86077-065-7" title="Special:BookSources/1-86077-065-7">1-86077-065-7</a>.</li> <li><i>Jersey in Figures, 2003–2004</i>, published by the States of Jersey.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=St_Helier&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output 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data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Saint_Helier" class="extiw" title="v:Saint Helier">Resources</a> from Wikiversity</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/27px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/41px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/54px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Saint_Helier" class="extiw" title="voy:Saint Helier">Travel information</a> from Wikivoyage</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/27px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/41px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/54px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147738" class="extiw" title="d:Q147738">Data</a> from Wikidata</span></li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sthelier.je">Official website</a></span></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a 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href="/wiki/Template:Parishes_of_Jersey" title="Template:Parishes of Jersey"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Parishes_of_Jersey" title="Template talk:Parishes of Jersey"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Parishes_of_Jersey" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Parishes of Jersey"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Parishes_of_Jersey" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Parishes_of_Jersey" title="Parishes of Jersey">Parishes of Jersey</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/St_Brelade" title="St Brelade">St Brelade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Clement,_Jersey" title="St Clement, Jersey">St Clement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grouville" title="Grouville">Grouville</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">St Helier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_John,_Jersey" title="St John, Jersey">St John</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Lawrence,_Jersey" title="St Lawrence, Jersey">St Lawrence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Martin,_Jersey" title="St Martin, Jersey">St Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Mary,_Jersey" title="St Mary, Jersey">St Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Ouen,_Jersey" title="St Ouen, Jersey">St Ouen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Peter,_Jersey" title="St Peter, Jersey">St Peter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Saviour,_Jersey" title="St Saviour, Jersey">St Saviour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinity,_Jersey" title="Trinity, Jersey">Trinity</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Jersey_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Jersey_topics" title="Template:Jersey topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Jersey_topics" title="Template talk:Jersey topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Jersey_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Jersey topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Jersey_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Jersey" title="Jersey">Jersey</a> articles</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Jersey" title="History of Jersey">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Overviews</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archaeology_of_the_Channel_Islands" title="Archaeology of the Channel Islands">Archaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_occupation_of_the_Channel_Islands" title="German occupation of the Channel Islands">German occupation during World War II</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evacuation_of_civilians_from_the_Channel_Islands_in_1940" title="Evacuation of civilians from the Channel Islands in 1940">Evacuation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resistance_in_the_German-occupied_Channel_Islands" title="Resistance in the German-occupied Channel Islands">Resistance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civilian_life_under_the_German_occupation_of_the_Channel_Islands#Collaboration" title="Civilian life under the German occupation of the Channel Islands">Collaboration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civilian_life_under_the_German_occupation_of_the_Channel_Islands" title="Civilian life under the German occupation of the Channel Islands">Civilian life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deportations_from_the_German-occupied_Channel_Islands" title="Deportations from the German-occupied Channel Islands">Deportations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sechsschartenturm,_Heavy_MG_bunker,_La_Mare_Mill" title="Sechsschartenturm, Heavy MG bunker, La Mare Mill">Sechsschartentürme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hohlgangsanlage_tunnels,_Jersey" title="Hohlgangsanlage tunnels, Jersey">German tunnels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hohlgangsanlage_8" title="Hohlgangsanlage 8">War Tunnels Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battery_Lothringen" title="Battery Lothringen">Battery Lothringen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battery_Moltke" title="Battery Moltke">Battery Moltke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Channel_Islands_Occupation_Society" title="Channel Islands Occupation Society">Channel Islands Occupation Society (CIOS)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Jersey" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Jersey">COVID-19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windmills_in_Jersey" title="Windmills in Jersey">Windmills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coastal_fortifications_of_Jersey" title="Coastal fortifications of Jersey">Coastal fortifications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maritime_history_of_the_Channel_Islands" title="Maritime history of the Channel Islands">Maritime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perquage" title="Perquage">Perquages</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Specifics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/La_Cotte_de_St_Brelade" title="La Cotte de St Brelade">La Cotte de St Brelade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jersey_dolmens" title="Jersey dolmens">Dolmens</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/La_Hougue_Bie" title="La Hougue Bie">La Hougue Bie</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mont_Orgueil" title="Mont Orgueil">Mont Orgueil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grosnez_Castle" title="Grosnez Castle">Grosnez Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Castle" title="Elizabeth Castle">Elizabeth Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_Riots" title="Corn Riots">Corn Riots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Jersey" title="Battle of Jersey">Battle of Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Corbi%C3%A8re" title="La Corbière">La Corbière Lighthouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jersey_Railway" title="Jersey Railway">Jersey Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jersey_Eastern_Railway" title="Jersey Eastern Railway">Jersey Eastern Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jersey_Heritage" title="Jersey Heritage">Jersey Heritage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Trust_for_Jersey" title="National Trust for Jersey">National Trust</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Jersey" title="Education in Jersey">Education</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Schools" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_schools_in_Jersey" title="List of schools in Jersey">Schools</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Government</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grainville_School" title="Grainville School">Grainville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haute_Valle%C3%A9" title="Haute Valleé">Haute Valleé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hautlieu_School" title="Hautlieu School">Hautlieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jersey_College_for_Girls" title="Jersey College for Girls">Jersey College for Girls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Rocquier_School" title="Le Rocquier School">Le Rocquier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Quennevais_School" title="Les Quennevais School">Les Quennevais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_College,_Jersey" title="Victoria College, Jersey">Victoria College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highlands_College,_Jersey" title="Highlands College, Jersey">Highlands College, Jersey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Independent</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beaulieu_Convent_School" title="Beaulieu Convent School">Beaulieu Convent School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_La_Salle_College,_Jersey" title="De La Salle College, Jersey">De La Salle College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Michael%27s_Preparatory_School" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Michael's Preparatory School">St Michael's Preparatory</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Jersey" title="Geography of Jersey">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Jersey" title="Geography of Jersey">Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_Jersey" title="Geology of Jersey">Geology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parishes_of_Jersey" title="Parishes of Jersey">Parishes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_reservoirs_on_Jersey" title="List of reservoirs on Jersey">Reservoirs</a></li> <li>Places in the islands <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">St Helier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Aubin,_Jersey" title="Saint Aubin, Jersey">Saint Aubin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorey,_Jersey" title="Gorey, Jersey">Gorey</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Jersey" title="Politics of Jersey">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bailiff_(Channel_Islands)" title="Bailiff (Channel Islands)">Bailiff</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Bailiffs_of_Jersey" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Bailiffs of Jersey">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Jersey" title="Constitution of Jersey">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Jersey" title="Government of Jersey">Government of Jersey</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Minister_of_Jersey" title="Chief Minister of Jersey">Chief Minister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Ministers_(Jersey)" title="Council of Ministers (Jersey)">Council of Ministers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/States_of_Jersey_Customs_and_Immigration_Service" title="States of Jersey Customs and Immigration Service">Customs and Immigration Service</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Normandy" title="Duke of Normandy">Duke of Normandy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Jersey" title="Elections in Jersey">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/External_relations_of_Jersey" title="External relations of Jersey">External relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Jersey" title="Lieutenant Governor of Jersey">Lieutenant Governor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parish_Assembly_(Jersey)" title="Parish Assembly (Jersey)">Parish Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Jersey" class="mw-redirect" title="List of political parties in Jersey">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conn%C3%A9table_(Jersey_and_Guernsey)" title="Connétable (Jersey and Guernsey)">Connétable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Procureur_du_Bien_Public" title="Procureur du Bien Public">Procureur du Bien Public</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Militia_of_the_Island_of_Jersey" title="Royal Militia of the Island of Jersey">Royal Militia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/States_Assembly" title="States Assembly">States Assembly</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_States_Assembly" class="mw-redirect" title="List of members of the States Assembly">List of members of the States Assembly</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Viscounts_of_Jersey" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Viscounts of Jersey">Viscounts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Jersey" title="Law of Jersey">Law</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Courts_of_Jersey" title="Courts of Jersey">Courts</a> (<a href="/wiki/Royal_Court_(Jersey)" title="Royal Court (Jersey)">Royal</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Greffier" title="Greffier">Greffier</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HM_Prison_La_Moye" title="HM Prison La Moye">HM Prison La Moye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jersey_Legal_French" title="Jersey Legal French">Jersey Legal French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_judiciary_of_Jersey" title="List of members of the judiciary of Jersey">Judiciary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jurat#Jersey" title="Jurat">Jurat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/States_of_Jersey_Police" title="States of Jersey Police">Police</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Honorary_Police" title="Honorary Police">Honorary</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Jersey" title="Economy of Jersey">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Financial_services_in_Jersey" title="Financial services in Jersey">Financial services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jersey_Electricity_Company" title="Jersey Electricity Company">Jersey Electricity Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jersey_Financial_Services_Commission" title="Jersey Financial Services Commission">Jersey Financial Services Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jersey_Post" title="Jersey Post">Jersey Post</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jersey_pound" title="Jersey pound">Jersey pound</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coins_of_the_Jersey_pound" class="mw-redirect" title="Coins of the Jersey pound">coins</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jersey_livre" title="Jersey livre">Livre <span style="font-size:85%;">(former currency)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roads_in_Jersey" class="mw-redirect" title="Roads in Jersey">Roads</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roads_Committee" title="Roads Committee">Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visite_du_Branchage" title="Visite du Branchage">Visite du Branchage</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_Jersey" title="Taxation in Jersey">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Jersey" title="Telecommunications in Jersey">Telecommunications</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/JT_Group_Limited" title="JT Group Limited">JT Group Limited</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newtel_Solutions" title="Newtel Solutions">Newtel Solutions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sure_(company)" title="Sure (company)">Sure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airtel-Vodafone" title="Airtel-Vodafone">Airtel-Vodafone</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Jersey" title="Tourism in Jersey">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Jersey" title="Transport in Jersey">Transport</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jersey_Airport" title="Jersey Airport">airport</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Jersey" title="Culture of Jersey">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jersey_Battle_of_Flowers" title="Jersey Battle of Flowers">Battle of Flowers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Jersey" title="Catholic Church in Jersey">Catholic Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Jersey" title="Demographics of Jersey">Demography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durrell_Wildlife_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Durrell Wildlife Park">Durrell Wildlife Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Education_in_Jersey" title="Category:Education in Jersey">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jersey_Eisteddfod" title="Jersey Eisteddfod">Eisteddfod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%A8rriais" title="Jèrriais">Jèrriais language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%A8rriais_literature" title="Jèrriais literature">Jèrriais literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jersey_cattle" title="Jersey cattle">Jersey cow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jersey_people" title="Jersey people">Jersey people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jersey_Royal_potato" class="mw-redirect" title="Jersey Royal potato">Jersey Royal potato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Jersey" class="mw-redirect" title="Music of Jersey">Music</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jersey_Live" title="Jersey Live">Jersey Live</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jersey_Opera_House" title="Jersey Opera House">Opera House</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Jersey" title="Religion in Jersey">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Jersey" title="Sport in Jersey">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_of_Jersey" title="Theatre of Jersey">Theatre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_Jersey" title="Mass media in Jersey">Media</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_Jersey" title="BBC Radio Jersey">BBC Radio Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Channel_103" title="Channel 103">Channel 103</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITV_Channel_Television" title="ITV Channel Television">ITV Channel Television</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jersey_Evening_Post" title="Jersey Evening Post">Jersey Evening Post</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Symbols_of_the_United_Kingdom,_the_Channel_Islands_and_the_Isle_of_Man#Bailiwick_of_Jersey" class="mw-redirect" title="Symbols of the United Kingdom, the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man">Symbols</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Island_Home_(anthem)" title="Island Home (anthem)">Anthem</a> (<a href="/wiki/Beautiful_Jersey" title="Beautiful Jersey">Beautiful Jersey</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Jersey" title="Coat of arms of Jersey">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Jersey" title="Flag of Jersey">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberation_Day_(Jersey)" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberation Day (Jersey)">Liberation Day</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Vingtaines_by_parish" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Vingtaine" title="Vingtaine">Vingtaines</a> by <a href="/wiki/Parishes_of_Jersey" title="Parishes of Jersey">parish</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">St Helier</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vingtaine_de_la_Ville" title="Vingtaine de la Ville">de la Ville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vingtaine_du_Rouge_Bouillon" title="Vingtaine du Rouge Bouillon">du Rouge Bouillon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vingtaine_de_Bas_du_Mont_au_Pr%C3%AAtre" title="Vingtaine de Bas du Mont au Prêtre">de Bas du Mont au Prêtre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vingtaine_de_Haut_du_Mont_au_Pr%C3%AAtre" title="Vingtaine de Haut du Mont au Prêtre">de Haut du Mont au Prêtre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vingtaine_du_Mont_%C3%A0_l%27Abb%C3%A9" title="Vingtaine du Mont à l'Abbé">du Mont à l'Abbé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vingtaine_du_Mont_Cochon" title="Vingtaine du Mont Cochon">du Mont Cochon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Grouville" title="Grouville">Grouville</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vingtaine_des_Marais" title="Vingtaine des Marais">des Marais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vingtaine_de_la_Rue" title="Vingtaine de la Rue">de la Rue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vingtaine_de_Longueville" title="Vingtaine de Longueville">de Longueville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vingtaine_de_la_Rocque" title="Vingtaine de la Rocque">de la Rocque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minquiers" title="Minquiers">Les Minquiers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/St_Brelade" title="St Brelade">St Brelade</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vingtaine_de_Noirmont" title="Vingtaine de Noirmont">de Noirmont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vingtaine_du_Coin" title="Vingtaine du Coin">du Coin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vingtaine_des_Quennevais" title="Vingtaine des Quennevais">des Quennevais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vingtaine_de_la_Moye" title="Vingtaine de la Moye">de la Moye</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/St_Clement,_Jersey" title="St Clement, Jersey">Saint Clement</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grande_Vingtaine_(St_Clement)" title="Grande Vingtaine (St Clement)">Grande Vingtaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vingtaine_du_Rocquier" title="Vingtaine du Rocquier">du Rocquier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vingtaine_de_Samar%C3%A8s" title="Vingtaine de Samarès">de Samarès</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/St_John,_Jersey" title="St John, Jersey">Saint John</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vingtaine_du_Nord_(St_John)" title="Vingtaine du Nord (St John)">du Nord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vingtaine_de_H%C3%A9rupe" title="Vingtaine de Hérupe">de Hérupe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vingtaine_du_Douet_(St_John)" title="Vingtaine du Douet (St John)">du Douet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/St_Lawrence,_Jersey" title="St Lawrence, Jersey">Saint Lawrence</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vingtaine_de_la_Vall%C3%A9e" title="Vingtaine de la Vallée">de la Vallée</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vingtaine_du_Coin_H%C3%A2tain" title="Vingtaine du Coin Hâtain">du Coin Hâtain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vingtaine_du_Coin_Motier" title="Vingtaine du Coin Motier">du Coin Motier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vingtaine_du_Coin_Tourgis_Nord" class="mw-redirect" title="Vingtaine du Coin Tourgis Nord">du Coin Tourgis Nord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vingtaine_du_Coin_Tourgis_Sud" title="Vingtaine du Coin Tourgis Sud">du Coin Tourgis Sud</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/St_Martin,_Jersey" title="St Martin, Jersey">Saint Martin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vingtaine_de_Rozel" title="Vingtaine de Rozel">de Rozel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vingtaine_de_Faldouet" title="Vingtaine de Faldouet">de Faldouet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vingtaine_de_la_Qu%C3%A9ru%C3%A9e" title="Vingtaine de la Quéruée">de la Quéruée</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vingtaine_de_l%27%C3%89glise" title="Vingtaine de l'Église">de l'Église</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vingtaine_du_Fief_de_la_Reine" title="Vingtaine du Fief de la Reine">du Fief de la Reine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89cr%C3%A9hous" title="Écréhous">Les Écréhous</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/St_Mary,_Jersey" title="St Mary, Jersey">Saint Mary</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vingtaine_du_Sud" title="Vingtaine du Sud">du Sud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vingtaine_du_Nord_(St_Mary)" title="Vingtaine du Nord (St Mary)">du Nord</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/St_Ouen,_Jersey" title="St Ouen, Jersey">Saint Ouen</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Petite_Cueillette&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Petite Cueillette (page does not exist)">Petite Cueillette</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grande_Cueillette&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grande Cueillette (page does not exist)">Grande Cueillette</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cueillette_de_Grantez&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cueillette de Grantez (page does not exist)">Cueillette de Grantez</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cueillette_de_Millais&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cueillette de Millais (page does not exist)">Cueillette de Millais</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cueillette_de_Vinchelez&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cueillette de Vinchelez (page does not exist)">Cueillette de Vinchelez</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cueillette_de_L%C3%A9oville&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cueillette de Léoville (page does not exist)">Cueillette de Léoville</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/St_Peter,_Jersey" title="St Peter, Jersey">Saint Peter</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vingtaine_du_Douet_(St_Peter)" title="Vingtaine du Douet (St Peter)">du Douet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vingtaine_de_St._Nicolas" title="Vingtaine de St. Nicolas">de St. Nicolas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grande_Vingtaine_(St_Peter)" title="Grande Vingtaine (St Peter)">Grand Vingtaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vingtaine_des_Augerez" title="Vingtaine des Augerez">des Augerez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vingtaine_du_Coin_Varin" title="Vingtaine du Coin Varin">du Coin Varin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/St_Saviour,_Jersey" title="St Saviour, Jersey">Saint Saviour</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vingtaine_de_Maufant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vingtaine de Maufant (page does not exist)">de Maufant</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vingtaine_de_Sous_la_Hougue&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vingtaine de Sous la Hougue (page does not exist)">de Sous la Hougue</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vingtaine_des_Pigneaux&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vingtaine des Pigneaux (page does not exist)">des Pigneaux</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vingtaine_de_la_Grande_Longueville&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vingtaine de la Grande Longueville (page does not exist)">de la Grande Longueville</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vingtaine_de_la_Petite_Longueville&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vingtaine de la Petite Longueville (page does not exist)">de la Petite Longueville</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vingtaine_de_Sous_l%27%C3%89glise&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vingtaine de Sous l'Église (page does not exist)">de Sous l'Église</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Trinity,_Jersey" title="Trinity, Jersey">Trinity</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vingtaine_de_la_Ville-%C3%A0-l%27%C3%89v%C3%AAque" title="Vingtaine de la Ville-à-l'Évêque">de la Ville-à-l'Évêque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vingtaine_de_Rozel" title="Vingtaine de Rozel">de Rozel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vingtaine_du_Rondin" title="Vingtaine du Rondin">du Rondin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vingtaine_des_Augr%C3%A8s" title="Vingtaine des Augrès">des Augrès</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vingtaine_de_la_Croiserie" title="Vingtaine de la Croiserie">de la Croiserie</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Jersey" title="Outline of Jersey">Outline</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Jersey" title="Bibliography of Jersey">Bibliography</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Jersey" title="Category:Jersey">Category</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=United_Kingdom&#124;link=United_Kingdom_Capital_cities_of_British_administrative_divisions" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:List_of_British_Territories_capitals" title="Template:List of British Territories capitals"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:List_of_British_Territories_capitals" title="Template talk:List of British Territories capitals"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:List_of_British_Territories_capitals" title="Special:EditPage/Template:List of British Territories capitals"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=United_Kingdom&#124;link=United_Kingdom_Capital_cities_of_British_administrative_divisions" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Capital_city" title="Capital city">Capital cities of</a> <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">British administrative divisions</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b>Capital of the United Kingdom</b>: <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd plainlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:100%;"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Countries_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Countries of the United Kingdom">Constituent countries</a></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Crown_Dependencies" title="Crown Dependencies">Crown Dependencies</a></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories" title="British Overseas Territories">British Overseas Territories</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a></b>, <i><a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a></i></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a></b>, <i><a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a></i></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Cardiff" title="Cardiff">Cardiff</a></b>, <i><a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a></i></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Belfast" title="Belfast">Belfast</a></b>, <i><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland" title="Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a></i></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">St Helier</a></b>, <i><a href="/wiki/Jersey" title="Jersey">Jersey</a></i></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter_Port" title="Saint Peter Port">Saint Peter Port</a></b>, <i><a href="/wiki/Guernsey" title="Guernsey">Guernsey</a></i></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Douglas,_Isle_of_Man" title="Douglas, Isle of Man">Douglas</a></b>, <i><a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man" title="Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a></i></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Episkopi_Cantonment" title="Episkopi Cantonment">Episkopi Cantonment</a></b>, <i><a href="/wiki/Akrotiri_and_Dhekelia" title="Akrotiri and Dhekelia">Akrotiri and Dhekelia</a></i></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/The_Valley,_Anguilla" title="The Valley, Anguilla">The Valley</a></b>, <i><a href="/wiki/Anguilla" title="Anguilla">Anguilla</a></i></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Hamilton,_Bermuda" title="Hamilton, Bermuda">Hamilton</a></b>, <i><a href="/wiki/Bermuda" title="Bermuda">Bermuda</a></i></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Rothera_Research_Station" title="Rothera Research Station">Rothera</a></b>, <i><a href="/wiki/British_Antarctic_Territory" title="British Antarctic Territory">British Antarctic Territory</a></i></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Diego_Garcia" title="Diego Garcia">Diego Garcia</a></b>, <i><a href="/wiki/British_Indian_Ocean_Territory" title="British Indian Ocean Territory">British Indian Ocean Territory</a></i></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Road_Town" title="Road Town">Road Town</a></b>, <i><a href="/wiki/British_Virgin_Islands" title="British Virgin Islands">British Virgin Islands</a></i></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/George_Town,_Cayman_Islands" title="George Town, Cayman Islands">George Town</a></b>, <i><a href="/wiki/Cayman_Islands" title="Cayman Islands">Cayman Islands</a></i></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Stanley,_Falkland_Islands" title="Stanley, Falkland Islands">Stanley</a></b>, <i><a href="/wiki/Falkland_Islands" title="Falkland Islands">Falkland Islands</a></i></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a></b>, <i><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a></i></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Brades" title="Brades">Brades</a></b>, <i><a href="/wiki/Montserrat" title="Montserrat">Montserrat</a></i></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Adamstown,_Pitcairn_Islands" title="Adamstown, Pitcairn Islands">Adamstown</a></b>, <i><a href="/wiki/Pitcairn_Islands" title="Pitcairn Islands">Pitcairn Islands</a></i></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Jamestown,_Saint_Helena" title="Jamestown, Saint Helena">Jamestown</a></b>, <i><a href="/wiki/Saint_Helena,_Ascension_and_Tristan_da_Cunha" title="Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha">Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha</a></i></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/King_Edward_Point" title="King Edward Point">King Edward Point</a></b>, <i><a href="/wiki/South_Georgia_and_the_South_Sandwich_Islands" title="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands">South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands</a></i></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Cockburn_Town" title="Cockburn Town">Cockburn Town</a></b>, <i><a href="/wiki/Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" title="Turks and Caicos Islands">Turks and Caicos Islands</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Capitals_of_European_states_and_territories" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:List_of_European_capitals_by_region" title="Template:List of European capitals by region"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:List_of_European_capitals_by_region" title="Template talk:List of European capitals by region"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:List_of_European_capitals_by_region" title="Special:EditPage/Template:List of European capitals by region"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Capitals_of_European_states_and_territories" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Capitals of European states and territories</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Capitals of <a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">dependent territories</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">states whose sovereignty is disputed</a> shown in <i>italics</i>.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a></b>, Netherlands<sup>1</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Andorra_la_Vella" title="Andorra la Vella">Andorra la Vella</a></b>, Andorra</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ankara" title="Ankara">Ankara</a></b>, Turkey<sup>2</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Astana" title="Astana">Astana</a></b>, Kazakhstan<sup>2</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a></b>, Greece</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Baku" title="Baku">Baku</a></b>, Azerbaijan<sup>2</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Belgrade" title="Belgrade">Belgrade</a></b>, Serbia</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a></b>, Germany</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Bern" title="Bern">Bern</a></b>, Switzerland</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Bratislava" title="Bratislava">Bratislava</a></b>, Slovakia</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a></b>, Belgium<sup>3</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Bucharest" title="Bucharest">Bucharest</a></b>, Romania</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Budapest" title="Budapest">Budapest</a></b>, Hungary</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Chi%C8%99in%C4%83u" title="Chișinău">Chișinău</a></b>, Moldova</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Copenhagen" title="Copenhagen">Copenhagen</a></b>, Denmark</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a></b>, Ireland</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Helsinki" title="Helsinki">Helsinki</a></b>, Finland</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Kyiv" title="Kyiv">Kyiv</a></b>, Ukraine</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Lisbon" title="Lisbon">Lisbon</a></b>, Portugal</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ljubljana" title="Ljubljana">Ljubljana</a></b>, Slovenia</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a></b>, United Kingdom</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_City" title="Luxembourg City">Luxembourg</a></b>, Luxembourg</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a></b>, Spain</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Minsk" title="Minsk">Minsk</a></b>, Belarus</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco">Monaco</a></b><sup>5</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a></b>, Russia</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Nicosia" title="Nicosia">Nicosia</a></b>, Cyprus<sup>2</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo">Oslo</a></b>, Norway</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a></b>, France</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Podgorica" title="Podgorica">Podgorica</a></b>, Montenegro</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Prague" title="Prague">Prague</a></b>, Czech Republic</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Reykjav%C3%ADk" title="Reykjavík">Reykjavík</a></b>, Iceland</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Riga" title="Riga">Riga</a></b>, Latvia</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a></b>, Italy</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/City_of_San_Marino" title="City of San Marino">San Marino</a></b>, San Marino</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Sarajevo" title="Sarajevo">Sarajevo</a></b>, Bosnia and Herzegovina</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Skopje" title="Skopje">Skopje</a></b>, North Macedonia</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Sofia" title="Sofia">Sofia</a></b>, Bulgaria</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Stockholm" title="Stockholm">Stockholm</a></b>, Sweden</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tallinn" title="Tallinn">Tallinn</a></b>, Estonia</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tbilisi" title="Tbilisi">Tbilisi</a></b>, Georgia<sup>2</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tirana" title="Tirana">Tirana</a></b>, Albania</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Vaduz" title="Vaduz">Vaduz</a></b>, Liechtenstein</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Valletta" title="Valletta">Valletta</a></b>, Malta</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Vatican_City" title="Vatican City">Vatican City</a></b><sup>4</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a></b>, Austria</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius">Vilnius</a></b>, Lithuania</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Warsaw" title="Warsaw">Warsaw</a></b>, Poland</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Yerevan" title="Yerevan">Yerevan</a></b>, Armenia<sup>2</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Zagreb" title="Zagreb">Zagreb</a></b>, Croatia</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">States with<br />limited recognition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/North_Nicosia" title="North Nicosia">North Nicosia</a></b>, Northern Cyprus</i><sup>2</sup></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Pristina" title="Pristina">Pristina</a></b>, Kosovo</i></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Sukhumi" title="Sukhumi">Sukhumi</a></b>, Abkhazia</i><sup>2</sup></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Tiraspol" title="Tiraspol">Tiraspol</a></b>, Transnistria</i></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Tskhinvali" title="Tskhinvali">Tskhinvali</a></b>, South Ossetia</i><sup>3</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dependencies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Countries_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Countries of the United Kingdom">Constituent countries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a></b></i>, England</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a></b></i>, Scotland</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Cardiff" title="Cardiff">Cardiff</a></b></i>, Wales</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Belfast" title="Belfast">Belfast</a></b></i>, Northern Ireland</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Crown_Dependencies" title="Crown Dependencies">Crown Dependencies</a> and<br /><a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories" title="British Overseas Territories">Overseas Territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Douglas,_Isle_of_Man" title="Douglas, Isle of Man">Douglas</a></b></i>, Isle of Man</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Episkopi_Cantonment" title="Episkopi Cantonment">Episkopi Cantonment</a></b></i>, Akrotiri and Dhekelia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a></b></i>, Gibraltar</li> <li><i><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">St Helier</a></b></i>, Jersey</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter_Port" title="Saint Peter Port">Saint Peter Port</a></b></i>, Guernsey</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Longyearbyen" title="Longyearbyen">Longyearbyen</a></b>, Svalbard (Norway)</i></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/T%C3%B3rshavn" title="Tórshavn">Tórshavn</a></b>, Faroe Islands (Denmark)</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Federal states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Austria" class="mw-redirect" title="Provinces of Austria">Austria</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Bregenz" title="Bregenz">Bregenz</a></b></i>, Vorarlberg</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Eisenstadt" title="Eisenstadt">Eisenstadt</a></b></i>, Burgenland</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Graz" title="Graz">Graz</a></b></i>, Styria</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Innsbruck" title="Innsbruck">Innsbruck</a></b></i>, Tyrol</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Klagenfurt" class="mw-redirect" title="Klagenfurt">Klagenfurt</a></b></i>, Carinthia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Linz" title="Linz">Linz</a></b></i>, Upper Austria</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Salzburg" title="Salzburg">Salzburg</a></b></i>, Salzburg</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Sankt_P%C3%B6lten" title="Sankt Pölten">Sankt Pölten</a></b></i>, Lower Austria</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a></b></i>, Vienna</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Communities,_regions_and_language_areas_of_Belgium#Communities" class="mw-redirect" title="Communities, regions and language areas of Belgium">Communities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/City_of_Brussels" title="City of Brussels">Brussels</a></b></i>, Flemish Community and French Community</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Eupen" title="Eupen">Eupen</a></b></i>, German-speaking Community</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Communities,_regions_and_language_areas_of_Belgium#Regions" class="mw-redirect" title="Communities, regions and language areas of Belgium">Regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/City_of_Brussels" title="City of Brussels">Brussels</a></b></i>, Brussels-Capital Region and Flanders</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Namur" title="Namur">Namur</a></b></i>, Wallonia</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Political_divisions_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Political divisions of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Banja_Luka" title="Banja Luka">Banja Luka</a></b></i> (de facto), Republika Srpska</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Br%C4%8Dko" title="Brčko">Brčko</a></b></i>, Brčko District</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Sarajevo" title="Sarajevo">Sarajevo</a></b></i>, Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/States_of_Germany" title="States of Germany">Germany</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a></b></i>, Berlin</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Bremen" title="Bremen">Bremen</a></b></i>, Bremen</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Dresden" title="Dresden">Dresden</a></b></i>, Saxony</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf">Düsseldorf</a></b></i>, North Rhine-Westphalia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Erfurt" title="Erfurt">Erfurt</a></b></i>, Thuringia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a></b></i>, Hamburg</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Hanover" title="Hanover">Hanover</a></b></i>, Lower Saxony</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Kiel" title="Kiel">Kiel</a></b></i>, Schleswig-Holstein</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Magdeburg" title="Magdeburg">Magdeburg</a></b></i>, Saxony-Anhalt</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Mainz" title="Mainz">Mainz</a></b></i>, Rhineland-Palatinate</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Munich" title="Munich">Munich</a></b></i>, Bavaria</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Potsdam" title="Potsdam">Potsdam</a></b></i>, Brandenburg</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Saarbr%C3%BCcken" title="Saarbrücken">Saarbrücken</a></b></i>, Saarland</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Schwerin" title="Schwerin">Schwerin</a></b></i>, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Stuttgart" title="Stuttgart">Stuttgart</a></b></i>, Baden-Württemberg</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Wiesbaden" title="Wiesbaden">Wiesbaden</a></b></i>, Hesse</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Federal_subjects_of_Russia" title="Federal subjects of Russia">Russia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Republics_of_Russia" title="Republics of Russia">Republics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Cheboksary" title="Cheboksary">Cheboksary</a></b></i>, Chuvashia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Cherkessk" title="Cherkessk">Cherkessk</a></b></i>, Karachay-Cherkessia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Elista" title="Elista">Elista</a></b></i>, Kalmykia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Grozny" title="Grozny">Grozny</a></b></i>, Chechnya</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Izhevsk" title="Izhevsk">Izhevsk</a></b></i>, Udmurtia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Kazan" title="Kazan">Kazan</a></b></i>, Tatarstan</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Magas" title="Magas">Magas</a></b></i>, Ingushetia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Makhachkala" title="Makhachkala">Makhachkala</a></b></i>, Dagestan</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Maykop" title="Maykop">Maykop</a></b></i>, Adygea</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Nalchik" title="Nalchik">Nalchik</a></b></i>, Kabardino-Balkaria</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Petrozavodsk" title="Petrozavodsk">Petrozavodsk</a></b></i>, Karelia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Saransk" title="Saransk">Saransk</a></b></i>, Mordovia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Simferopol" title="Simferopol">Simferopol</a></b></i>, Crimea (<a href="/wiki/Political_status_of_Crimea" title="Political status of Crimea">disputed</a>)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Syktyvkar" title="Syktyvkar">Syktyvkar</a></b></i>, Komi</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Ufa" title="Ufa">Ufa</a></b></i>, Bashkortostan</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Vladikavkaz" title="Vladikavkaz">Vladikavkaz</a></b></i>, North Ossetia–Alania</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Yoshkar-Ola" title="Yoshkar-Ola">Yoshkar-Ola</a></b></i>, Mari El</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_okrugs_of_Russia" title="Autonomous okrugs of Russia">Autonomous okrugs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Naryan-Mar" title="Naryan-Mar">Naryan-Mar</a></b></i>, Nenets</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Krais_of_Russia" title="Krais of Russia">Krais</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Krasnodar" title="Krasnodar">Krasnodar</a></b></i>, Krasnodar Krai</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Perm,_Russia" title="Perm, Russia">Perm</a></b></i>, Perm Krai</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Stavropol" title="Stavropol">Stavropol</a></b></i>, Stavropol Krai</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Oblasts_of_Russia" title="Oblasts of Russia">Oblasts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Arkhangelsk" title="Arkhangelsk">Arkhangelsk</a></b></i>, Arkhangelsk Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Astrakhan" title="Astrakhan">Astrakhan</a></b></i>, Astrakhan Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Belgorod" title="Belgorod">Belgorod</a></b></i>, Belgorod Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Bryansk" title="Bryansk">Bryansk</a></b></i>, Bryansk Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Ivanovo" title="Ivanovo">Ivanovo</a></b></i>, Ivanovo Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Kaliningrad" title="Kaliningrad">Kaliningrad</a></b></i>, Kaliningrad Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Kaluga" title="Kaluga">Kaluga</a></b></i>, Kaluga Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Kirov,_Kirov_Oblast" title="Kirov, Kirov Oblast">Kirov</a></b></i>, Kirov Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Kostroma" title="Kostroma">Kostroma</a></b></i>, Kostroma Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Krasnogorsk,_Moscow_Oblast" title="Krasnogorsk, Moscow Oblast">Krasnogorsk</a> and <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a></b></i>, Moscow Oblast (de facto)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Kursk" title="Kursk">Kursk</a></b></i>, Kursk Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Lipetsk" title="Lipetsk">Lipetsk</a></b></i>, Lipetsk Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Murmansk" title="Murmansk">Murmansk</a></b></i>, Murmansk Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Nizhny_Novgorod" title="Nizhny Novgorod">Nizhny Novgorod</a></b></i>, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Orenburg" title="Orenburg">Orenburg</a></b></i>, Orenburg Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Oryol" title="Oryol">Oryol</a></b></i>, Oryol Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Penza" title="Penza">Penza</a></b></i>, Penza Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Pskov" title="Pskov">Pskov</a></b></i>, Pskov Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Rostov-on-Don" title="Rostov-on-Don">Rostov-on-Don</a></b></i>, Rostov Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Ryazan" title="Ryazan">Ryazan</a></b></i>, Ryazan Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Gatchina" title="Gatchina">Gatchina</a></b></i>, Leningrad Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Samara" title="Samara">Samara</a></b></i>, Samara Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Saratov" title="Saratov">Saratov</a></b></i>, Saratov Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Smolensk" title="Smolensk">Smolensk</a></b></i>, Smolensk Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Tambov" title="Tambov">Tambov</a></b></i>, Tambov Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Tula,_Russia" title="Tula, Russia">Tula</a></b></i>, Tula Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Tver" title="Tver">Tver</a></b></i>, Tver Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Ulyanovsk" title="Ulyanovsk">Ulyanovsk</a></b></i>, Ulyanovsk Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Veliky_Novgorod" title="Veliky Novgorod">Veliky Novgorod</a></b></i>, Novgorod Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Vladimir,_Russia" title="Vladimir, Russia">Vladimir</a></b></i>, Vladimir Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Volgograd" title="Volgograd">Volgograd</a></b></i>, Volgograd Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Vologda" title="Vologda">Vologda</a></b></i>, Vologda Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Voronezh" title="Voronezh">Voronezh</a></b></i>, Voronezh Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Yaroslavl" title="Yaroslavl">Yaroslavl</a></b></i>, Yaroslavl Oblast</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Federal_cities_of_Russia" title="Federal cities of Russia">Federal cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a></b></i></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">Saint Petersburg</a></b></i></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Sevastopol" title="Sevastopol">Sevastopol</a></b></i> (<a href="/wiki/Political_status_of_Crimea" title="Political status of Crimea">disputed</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cantons_of_Switzerland" title="Cantons of Switzerland">Switzerland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Aarau" title="Aarau">Aarau</a></b></i>, Aargau</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Altdorf,_Uri" title="Altdorf, Uri">Altdorf</a></b></i>, Uri</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Appenzell_(village)" title="Appenzell (village)">Appenzell</a></b></i>, Appenzell Innerrhoden</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Basel" title="Basel">Basel</a></b></i>, Basel-Stadt</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Bellinzona" title="Bellinzona">Bellinzona</a></b></i>, Ticino</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Chur" title="Chur">Chur</a></b></i>, Grisons</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Del%C3%A9mont" title="Delémont">Delémont</a></b></i>, Jura</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Frauenfeld" title="Frauenfeld">Frauenfeld</a></b></i>, Thurgau</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Fribourg" title="Fribourg">Fribourg</a></b></i>, Canton of Fribourg</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Geneva" title="Geneva">Geneva</a></b></i>, Canton of Geneva</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Herisau" title="Herisau">Herisau</a></b></i>, Appenzell Ausserrhoden</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Lausanne" title="Lausanne">Lausanne</a></b></i>, Vaud</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Liestal" title="Liestal">Liestal</a></b></i>, Basel-Landschaft</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Lucerne" title="Lucerne">Lucerne</a></b></i>, Canton of Lucerne</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Neuch%C3%A2tel" title="Neuchâtel">Neuchâtel</a></b></i>, Canton of Neuchâtel</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Sarnen" title="Sarnen">Sarnen</a></b></i>, Obwalden</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Schaffhausen" title="Schaffhausen">Schaffhausen</a></b></i>, Canton of Schaffhausen</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Schwyz" title="Schwyz">Schwyz</a></b></i>, Canton of Schwyz</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Sion,_Switzerland" title="Sion, Switzerland">Sion</a></b></i>, Valais</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Solothurn" title="Solothurn">Solothurn</a></b></i>, Canton of Solothurn</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Stans" title="Stans">Stans</a></b></i>, Nidwalden</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/St._Gallen" title="St. Gallen">St. Gallen</a></b></i>, Canton of St. Gallen</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Glarus" title="Glarus">Glarus</a></b></i>, Canton of Glarus</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Zug" title="Zug">Zug</a></b></i>, Canton of Zug</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Zurich" title="Zurich">Zurich</a></b></i>, Canton of Zürich</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Autonomous<br />entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Autonomous_regions" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Italy#Autonomous_regions_with_special_statute" title="Regions of Italy">Autonomous regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Cagliari" title="Cagliari">Cagliari</a></b></i>, Sardinia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Palermo" title="Palermo">Palermo</a></b></i>, Sicily</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Trento" title="Trento">Trento</a></b></i>, Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Aosta" title="Aosta">Aosta</a></b></i>, Aosta Valley</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Trieste" title="Trieste">Trieste</a></b></i>, Friuli Venezia Giulia</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Autonomous_regions" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_regions_of_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="Autonomous regions of Portugal">Autonomous regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Ponta_Delgada" title="Ponta Delgada">Ponta Delgada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Angra_do_Hero%C3%ADsmo" title="Angra do Heroísmo">Angra do Heroísmo</a>, & <a href="/wiki/Horta,_Azores" title="Horta, Azores">Horta</a></b></i>, Azores</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Funchal" title="Funchal">Funchal</a></b></i>, Madeira</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Barcelona" title="Barcelona">Barcelona</a></b></i>, Catalonia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Las_Palmas" title="Las Palmas">Las Palmas</a></b></i> & <i><b><a href="/wiki/Santa_Cruz_de_Tenerife" title="Santa Cruz de Tenerife">Santa Cruz de Tenerife</a></b></i>, Canary Islands</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Logro%C3%B1o" title="Logroño">Logroño</a></b></i>, La Rioja</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a></b></i>, Community of Madrid</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9rida,_Spain" title="Mérida, Spain">Mérida</a></b></i>, Extremadura</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Murcia" title="Murcia">Murcia</a></b></i>, Region of Murcia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Oviedo" title="Oviedo">Oviedo</a></b></i>, Asturias</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Palma_de_Mallorca" title="Palma de Mallorca">Palma de Mallorca</a></b></i>, Balearic Islands</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Pamplona" title="Pamplona">Pamplona</a></b></i>, Navarre</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Santander,_Spain" title="Santander, Spain">Santander</a></b></i>, Cantabria</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Santiago_de_Compostela" title="Santiago de Compostela">Santiago de Compostela</a></b></i>, Galicia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Seville" title="Seville">Seville</a></b></i>, Andalusia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Toledo,_Spain" title="Toledo, Spain">Toledo</a></b></i>, Castilla–La Mancha (de facto)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Valencia" title="Valencia">Valencia</a></b></i>, Valencian Community</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Valladolid" title="Valladolid">Valladolid</a></b></i>, Castile and León (de facto)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Vitoria-Gasteiz" title="Vitoria-Gasteiz">Vitoria-Gasteiz</a></b></i>, Basque Country (de facto)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Zaragoza" title="Zaragoza">Zaragoza</a></b></i>, Aragon</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Ajaccio" title="Ajaccio">Ajaccio</a></b></i>, Corsica Collectivité (France)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Batumi" title="Batumi">Batumi</a></b></i>, Adjara (Georgia)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Comrat" title="Comrat">Comrat</a></b></i>, Gagauzia (Moldova)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Karyes,_Mount_Athos" title="Karyes, Mount Athos">Karyes</a></b></i>, Mount Athos (Greece)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Mariehamn" title="Mariehamn">Mariehamn</a></b></i>, Åland Islands (Finland)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Nakhchivan_(city)" title="Nakhchivan (city)">Nakhchivan</a></b></i>, Nakhchivan (Azerbaijan)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Novi_Sad" title="Novi Sad">Novi Sad</a></b></i>, Vojvodina (Serbia)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Simferopol" title="Simferopol">Simferopol</a></b></i>, Crimea (Ukraine)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span style="position: relative; top: 0.2em;"><sup>1</sup></span> Also the capital of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands" title="Kingdom of the Netherlands">Kingdom of the Netherlands</a></li> <li><span style="position: relative; top: 0.2em;"><sup>2</sup></span> Continental placement may vary <a href="/wiki/Boundaries_between_the_continents_of_Earth#Asia_and_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Boundaries between the continents of Earth">depending on geographic convention</a> being followed</li> <li><span style="position: relative; top: 0.2em;"><sup>3</sup></span> Also the seat of the European Union, see <a href="/wiki/Institutional_seats_of_the_European_Union" title="Institutional seats of the European Union">Institutional seats of the European Union</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brussels_and_the_European_Union" title="Brussels and the European Union">Brussels and the European Union</a></li> <li><span style="position: relative; top: 0.2em;"><sup>4</sup></span> A city-state</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147738#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147738#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147738#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/154840274">VIAF</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/239640369">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1898111/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJjHccCJgh9rMJcTbVRh73">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4539859-8">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n85207875">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Saint Hélier (Normanské ostrovy)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge647071&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007559892505171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/4d179190-dfd5-429b-88f3-16820e6d7336">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/078820502">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span 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