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aria-label="User navigation"> </nav> </div> </header> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <div class="banner-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="pre-content heading-holder"> <div class="page-heading"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Gospel of Luke</h1> <div class="tagline"></div> </div> <ul id="p-associated-pages" class="minerva__tab-container"> <li class="minerva__tab selected"> <a class="minerva__tab-text" href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Luke" rel="" data-event-name="tabs.subject">Article</a> </li> <li class="minerva__tab "> <a class="minerva__tab-text" href="/wiki/Talk:Gospel_of_Luke" rel="discussion" data-event-name="tabs.talk">Talk</a> </li> </ul> <nav class="page-actions-menu"> <ul id="p-views" class="page-actions-menu__list"> <li id="language-selector" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" href="#p-lang" data-mw="interface" data-event-name="menu.languages" title="Language" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large 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id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> The Gospel of Luke<a href="#cite_note-4">[a]</a> is the third of the <a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a>'s four <a href="/wiki/Canonical_Gospels" class="mw-redirect" title="Canonical Gospels">canonical Gospels</a>. It tells of the origins, <a href="/wiki/Nativity_of_Jesus" title="Nativity of Jesus">birth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Jesus" title="Ministry of Jesus">ministry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crucifixion_of_Jesus" title="Crucifixion of Jesus">death</a>, <a href="/wiki/Resurrection_of_Jesus" title="Resurrection of Jesus">resurrection</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ascension_of_Jesus" title="Ascension of Jesus">ascension</a> of <a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAllen2009325-5">[4]</a> Together with the <a href="/wiki/Acts_of_the_Apostles" title="Acts of the Apostles">Acts of the Apostles</a>, it makes up a two-volume work which scholars call <a href="/wiki/Luke%E2%80%93Acts" title="Luke–Acts">Luke–Acts</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurkett2002195-6">[5]</a> accounting for 27.5% of the New Testament.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBoring2012556-7">[6]</a> The combined work divides the <a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_1st_century" title="Christianity in the 1st century">history of first-century Christianity</a> into three stages, with the gospel making up the first two of these – the life of Jesus the <a href="/wiki/Messiah" title="Messiah">messiah</a> (<a href="/wiki/Christ_(title)" title="Christ (title)">Christ</a>) from his birth to the beginning of his mission in the meeting with <a href="/wiki/John_the_Baptist" title="John the Baptist">John the Baptist</a>, followed by his ministry with events such as the <a href="/wiki/Sermon_on_the_Plain" title="Sermon on the Plain">Sermon on the Plain</a> and its <a href="/wiki/Beatitudes" title="Beatitudes">Beatitudes</a>, and his <a href="/wiki/Passion_of_Jesus" title="Passion of Jesus">Passion</a>, death, and resurrection. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Luke_13.29-35_and_14.10_(CBL_BP_I,_f.15r).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Luke_13.29-35_and_14.10_%28CBL_BP_I%2C_f.15r%29.jpg/220px-Luke_13.29-35_and_14.10_%28CBL_BP_I%2C_f.15r%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="192" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Luke_13.29-35_and_14.10_%28CBL_BP_I%2C_f.15r%29.jpg/330px-Luke_13.29-35_and_14.10_%28CBL_BP_I%2C_f.15r%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Luke_13.29-35_and_14.10_%28CBL_BP_I%2C_f.15r%29.jpg/440px-Luke_13.29-35_and_14.10_%28CBL_BP_I%2C_f.15r%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4746" data-file-height="4146"></a><figcaption>Luke 13:29–35; 14:1–10 on <a href="/wiki/Papyrus_45" title="Papyrus 45">Papyrus 45</a> (folio 15; <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 250 AD)</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"> Most modern scholars agree that the main sources used for Luke were a), the <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Mark" title="Gospel of Mark">Gospel of Mark</a>, b), a hypothetical sayings collection called the <a href="/wiki/Q_source" title="Q source">Q source</a>, and c), material found in no other gospels, often referred to as the <a href="/wiki/L_source" title="L source">L (for Luke) source</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDuling2010312-8">[7]</a> The author is anonymous;<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurkett2002196-9">[8]</a> the traditional view that <a href="/wiki/Luke_the_Evangelist" title="Luke the Evangelist">Luke the Evangelist</a> was the companion of <a href="/wiki/Paul_the_Apostle" title="Paul the Apostle">Paul</a> is still occasionally put forward, but the scholarly consensus emphasises the many contradictions between Acts and the authentic Pauline letters (the view that the author, not necessarily Luke, met Paul is more common, perhaps including most scholars).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETheissenMerz199832-10">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEhrman2005172,_235-11">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-12">[11]</a> The most probable date for its composition is around AD 80–90, and there is evidence that it was still being revised well into the 2nd century.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPerkins2009250%E2%80%9353-13">[12]</a> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Composition">1 Composition</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="#Textual_history">1.1 Textual history</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Luke%E2%80%93Acts:_unity,_authorship_and_date">1.2 Luke–Acts: unity, authorship and date</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Genre,_models_and_sources">1.3 Genre, models and sources</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Audience_and_authorial_intent">1.4 Audience and authorial intent</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#Structure_and_content">2 Structure and content</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#Structure">2.1 Structure</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#Parallel_structure_of_Luke%E2%80%93Acts">2.2 Parallel structure of Luke–Acts</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="#Theology">3 Theology</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="#Luke's_%22salvation_history%22">3.1 Luke's "salvation history"</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="#Christology">3.2 Christology</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="#The_Holy_Spirit,_the_Christian_community,_and_the_Kingdom_of_God">3.3 The Holy Spirit, the Christian community, and the Kingdom of God</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="#Christians_vs._Rome_and_the_Jews">3.4 Christians vs. Rome and the Jews</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-14"><a href="#Comparison_with_other_writings">4 Comparison with other writings</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15"><a href="#Synoptics">4.1 Synoptics</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-16"><a href="#The_Gospel_of_John">4.2 The Gospel of John</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-17"><a href="#The_Gospel_of_Marcion">4.3 The Gospel of Marcion</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-18"><a href="#See_also">5 See also</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-19"><a href="#Notes">6 Notes</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-20"><a href="#References">7 References</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-21"><a href="#Citations">7.1 Citations</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-22"><a href="#Sources">7.2 Sources</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-23"><a href="#External_links">8 External links</a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><h2 id="Composition">Composition</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Gospel_of_Luke&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Composition" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Textual_history">Textual history</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Gospel_of_Luke&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Textual history" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Acts_of_the_Apostles#Manuscripts" title="Acts of the Apostles">Acts of the Apostles § Manuscripts</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:P._Chester_Beatty_I,_folio_13-14,_recto.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/P._Chester_Beatty_I%2C_folio_13-14%2C_recto.jpg/250px-P._Chester_Beatty_I%2C_folio_13-14%2C_recto.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="287"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 250px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/P._Chester_Beatty_I%2C_folio_13-14%2C_recto.jpg/250px-P._Chester_Beatty_I%2C_folio_13-14%2C_recto.jpg" data-width="250" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/P._Chester_Beatty_I%2C_folio_13-14%2C_recto.jpg/375px-P._Chester_Beatty_I%2C_folio_13-14%2C_recto.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/P._Chester_Beatty_I%2C_folio_13-14%2C_recto.jpg/500px-P._Chester_Beatty_I%2C_folio_13-14%2C_recto.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_45" title="Papyrus 45">Papyrus 45</a>, a 3rd-century AD Greek <a href="/wiki/Papyrus" title="Papyrus">papyrus</a> of the Gospel of Luke</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Autograph" title="Autograph">Autographs</a> (original copies) of Luke and the other Gospels have not been preserved; the texts that survive are third-generation copies, with no two completely identical.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEhrman199627-14">[13]</a> The earliest witnesses (the technical term for written manuscripts) for the Gospel of Luke fall into two "families" with considerable differences between them, the <a href="/wiki/Western_text_type" class="mw-redirect" title="Western text type">Western</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Alexandrian_text-type" title="Alexandrian text-type">Alexandrian text-type</a>, and the dominant view is that the Western text represents a process of deliberate revision, as the variations seem to form specific patterns.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBoring2012596-15">[14]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Manuscript_fragment" class="mw-redirect" title="Manuscript fragment">fragment</a> <a href="/wiki/Papyrus_4" title="Papyrus 4">𝔓4</a> is often cited as the oldest witness. It has been dated from the late 2nd century, although this dating is disputed. <a href="/wiki/Papyrus_75" title="Papyrus 75">Papyrus 75</a> (= Papyrus Bodmer XIV–XV) is another very early manuscript (late 2nd/early 3rd century), and it includes an attribution of the Gospel to Luke.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The oldest complete texts are the 4th-century <a href="/wiki/Codex_Sinaiticus" title="Codex Sinaiticus">Codex Sinaiticus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Codex_Vaticanus_Graecus_1209" class="mw-redirect" title="Codex Vaticanus Graecus 1209">Vaticanus</a>, both from the Alexandrian family; <a href="/wiki/Codex_Bezae" title="Codex Bezae">Codex Bezae</a>, a 5th- or 6th-century Western text-type manuscript that contains Luke in <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek" title="Ancient Greek">Greek</a> and <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> versions on facing pages, appears to have descended from an offshoot of the main manuscript tradition, departing from more familiar readings at many points. Codex Bezae shows comprehensively the differences between the versions which show no core theological significance.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEllis200319-16">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-17">[b]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Luke–Acts:_unity,_authorship_and_date">Luke–Acts: unity, authorship and date</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Gospel_of_Luke&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Luke–Acts: unity, authorship and date" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Authorship_of_Luke%E2%80%93Acts" title="Authorship of Luke–Acts">Authorship of Luke–Acts</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Codex_Macedoniensis,_subscriptio_to_Luke.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Codex_Macedoniensis%2C_subscriptio_to_Luke.jpg/200px-Codex_Macedoniensis%2C_subscriptio_to_Luke.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="103" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1181" data-file-height="606"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 103px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Codex_Macedoniensis%2C_subscriptio_to_Luke.jpg/200px-Codex_Macedoniensis%2C_subscriptio_to_Luke.jpg" data-width="200" data-height="103" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Codex_Macedoniensis%2C_subscriptio_to_Luke.jpg/300px-Codex_Macedoniensis%2C_subscriptio_to_Luke.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Codex_Macedoniensis%2C_subscriptio_to_Luke.jpg/400px-Codex_Macedoniensis%2C_subscriptio_to_Luke.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Subscriptio to the Gospel of Luke in Codex Macedoniensis 034 (Gregory-Aland), 9th century</figcaption></figure> The gospel of Luke and the <a href="/wiki/Acts_of_the_Apostles" title="Acts of the Apostles">Acts of the Apostles</a> make up a two-volume work which scholars call <a href="/wiki/Luke%E2%80%93Acts" title="Luke–Acts">Luke–Acts</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurkett2002195-6">[5]</a> Together they account for 27.5% of the <a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a>, the largest contribution by a single author, providing the framework for both the Church's liturgical calendar and the historical outline into which later generations have fitted their idea of the story of <a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Christianity" title="Jesus in Christianity">Jesus</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBoring2012556-7">[6]</a> The author is not named in either volume.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurkett2002196-9">[8]</a> According to a Church tradition, first attested by <a href="/wiki/Irenaeus" title="Irenaeus">Irenaeus</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 130 – c. 202 AD), he was the <a href="/wiki/Luke_the_Evangelist" title="Luke the Evangelist">Luke</a> named as a companion of <a href="/wiki/Apostle_Paul" class="mw-redirect" title="Apostle Paul">Paul</a> in three of the Pauline letters, but "a critical consensus emphasizes the countless contradictions between the account in Acts and the authentic Pauline letters."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETheissenMerz199832-10">[9]</a> An example can be seen by comparing Acts' accounts of Paul's conversion (Acts 9:1–31,<a href="#cite_note-18">[16]</a> Acts 22:6–21,<a href="#cite_note-19">[17]</a> and Acts 26:9–23)<a href="#cite_note-20">[18]</a> with Paul's own statement that he remained unknown to Christians in Judea after that event (Galatians 1:17–24).<a href="#cite_note-21">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPerkins1998253-22">[20]</a> The author of the Gospel of Luke clearly admired Paul, but his theology was significantly different from Paul's on key points and he does not (in Acts) represent Paul's views accurately.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBoring2012590-23">[21]</a> He was educated, a man of means, probably urban, and someone who respected manual work, although not a worker himself; this is significant, because more high-brow writers of the time looked down on the artisans and small business-people who made up the early church of Paul and were presumably Luke's audience.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreen199735-24">[22]</a> The interpretation of the "we" passages in Acts as indicative that the writer relied on a historical eyewitness (whether Luke the evangelist or not), remains the most influential in current biblical studies.<a href="#cite_note-25">[23]</a> Objections to this viewpoint, among others, include the claim that Luke-Acts contains differences in theology and historical narrative which are irreconcilable with the authentic letters of <a href="/wiki/Paul_the_Apostle" title="Paul the Apostle">Paul the Apostle</a>.<a href="#cite_note-26">[24]</a> The eclipse of the traditional attribution to Luke the companion of Paul has meant that an early date for the gospel is now rarely put forward.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETheissenMerz199832-10">[9]</a> Most scholars date the composition of the combined work to around 80–90 AD, although some others suggest 90–110, and there is textual evidence (the conflicts between Western and Alexandrian manuscript families) that Luke–Acts was still being substantially revised well into the 2nd century.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPerkins2009250%E2%80%9353-13">[12]</a><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFCharlesworth2008" class="citation book cs1">Charlesworth, James H. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YTIGy5t45WgC&pg=PT64">The Historical Jesus: An Essential Guide</a>. Abingdon Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4267-2475-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4267-2475-6"><bdi>978-1-4267-2475-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Historical+Jesus%3A+An+Essential+Guide&rft.pub=Abingdon+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-4267-2475-6&rft.aulast=Charlesworth&rft.aufirst=James+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYTIGy5t45WgC%26pg%3DPT64&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+Luke" class="Z3988"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Genre,_models_and_sources">Genre, models and sources</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Gospel_of_Luke&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Genre, models and sources" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Relationship_between_synoptic_gospels-en.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Relationship_between_synoptic_gospels-en.svg/350px-Relationship_between_synoptic_gospels-en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="451" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="1160"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 350px;height: 451px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Relationship_between_synoptic_gospels-en.svg/350px-Relationship_between_synoptic_gospels-en.svg.png" data-width="350" data-height="451" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Relationship_between_synoptic_gospels-en.svg/525px-Relationship_between_synoptic_gospels-en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Relationship_between_synoptic_gospels-en.svg/700px-Relationship_between_synoptic_gospels-en.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Almost all of Mark's content is found in Matthew, and most of Mark is also found in Luke. Matthew and Luke share a large amount of additional material that is not found in Mark, and they also contain much higher proportions of unique special testimony.</figcaption></figure> Luke–Acts is a religio-political history of the founder of the church and his successors, in both deeds and words. The author describes his book as a "narrative" (diegesis), rather than as a gospel, and implicitly criticises his predecessors for not giving their readers the speeches of Jesus and the Apostles, as such speeches were the mark of a "full" report, the vehicle through which ancient historians conveyed the meaning of their narratives. He seems to have taken as his model the works of two respected Classical authors, <a href="/wiki/Dionysius_of_Halicarnassus" title="Dionysius of Halicarnassus">Dionysius of Halicarnassus</a>, who wrote a history of Rome (Roman Antiquities), and the Jewish historian <a href="/wiki/Josephus" title="Josephus">Josephus</a>, author of a history of the Jews (<a href="/wiki/Antiquities_of_the_Jews" title="Antiquities of the Jews">Antiquities of the Jews</a>). All three authors anchor the histories of their respective peoples by dating the births of the founders (Romulus, Moses, and Jesus) and narrate the stories of the founders' births from God, so that they are sons of God. Each founder taught authoritatively, appeared to witnesses after death, and ascended to heaven. Crucial aspects of the teaching of all three concerned the relationship between rich and poor and the question of whether "foreigners" were to be received into the people.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBalch20031104-27">[25]</a> Mark, written around 70 AD, provided the narrative outline for Luke, but Mark contains comparatively little of Jesus' teachings,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHurtado2005284-28">[26]</a> and for these Luke likely turned to a hypothesized collection of sayings called <a href="/wiki/Q_source" title="Q source">Q source</a>, which would have consisted mostly, although not exclusively, of "sayings".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEhrman199982-29">[27]</a> Mark and Q account for about 64% of Luke; the remaining material, known as the <a href="/wiki/L_source" title="L source">L source</a>, is of unknown origin and date.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPowell199839%E2%80%9340-30">[28]</a> Most Q and L-source material is grouped in two clusters, Luke 6:17–8:3 and 9:51–18:14, and L-source material forms the first two sections of the gospel (the preface and infancy and childhood narratives).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurkett2002204-31">[29]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Audience_and_authorial_intent">Audience and authorial intent</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Gospel_of_Luke&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Audience and authorial intent" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Luke was written to be read aloud to a group of Jesus-followers gathered in a house to share the <a href="/wiki/Eucharist" title="Eucharist">Lord's Supper</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBalch20031104-27">[25]</a> The author assumes an educated Greek-speaking audience, but directs his attention to specifically Christian concerns rather than to the Greco-Roman world at large.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreen199516%E2%80%9317-32">[30]</a> He begins his gospel with a preface addressed to "<a href="/wiki/Theophilus_(biblical)" title="Theophilus (biblical)">Theophilus</a>":<a href="#cite_note-33">[31]</a> the name means "Lover of God", and could refer to any Christian, though most interpreters consider it a reference to a Christian convert and Luke's literary patron.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeier2013417-34">[32]</a> Here he informs Theophilus of his intention, which is to lead his reader to certainty through an orderly account "of the events that have been fulfilled among us."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreen199735-24">[22]</a> He did not, however, intend to provide Theophilus with a historical justification of the Christian faith – "did it happen?" – but to encourage faith – "what happened, and what does it all mean?"<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreen199736-35">[33]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><h2 id="Structure_and_content">Structure and content</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Gospel_of_Luke&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Structure and content" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Structure">Structure</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Gospel_of_Luke&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Structure" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Following the author's preface addressed to his patron and the two birth narratives (John the Baptist and Jesus), the gospel opens in Galilee and moves gradually to its climax in Jerusalem:<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarroll201215%E2%80%9316-36">[34]</a> <ol><li>A brief preface addressed to Theophilus stating the author's aims;</li> <li>Birth and infancy narratives for both Jesus and John the Baptist, interpreted as the dawn of the promised era of Israel's salvation;</li> <li>Preparation for Jesus' messianic mission: John's prophetic mission, his baptism of Jesus, and the testing of Jesus' vocation;</li> <li>The beginning of Jesus' mission in Galilee, and the hostile reception there;</li> <li>The central section: the journey to Jerusalem, where Jesus knows he must meet his destiny as God's prophet and Messiah;</li> <li>His mission in Jerusalem, culminating in confrontation with the leaders of the Jewish Temple;</li> <li>His last supper with his most intimate followers, followed by his arrest, interrogation, and crucifixion;</li> <li>God's validation of Jesus as Christ: events from the first Easter to the Ascension, showing Jesus' death to be divinely ordained, in keeping with both scriptural promise and the nature of messiahship, and anticipating the story of Acts.<a href="#cite_note-37">[c]</a></li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Parallel_structure_of_Luke–Acts">Parallel structure of Luke–Acts</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Gospel_of_Luke&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Parallel structure of Luke–Acts" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The structure of Acts parallels the structure of the gospel, demonstrating the universality of the divine plan and the shift of authority from Jerusalem to Rome:<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBoring2012569-38">[35]</a> <ul><li>The gospel – the acts of Jesus: <ul><li>The presentation of the child Jesus at the Temple in Jerusalem</li> <li>Jesus' forty days in the desert</li> <li>Jesus in Samaria/Judea</li> <li>Jesus in the Decapolis</li> <li>Jesus receives the Holy Spirit</li> <li>Jesus preaches with power (the power of the spirit)</li> <li>Jesus heals the sick</li> <li>Death of Jesus</li> <li>The apostles are sent to preach to all nations</li></ul></li> <li>The acts of the apostles: <ul><li>Jerusalem</li> <li>Forty days before the Ascension</li> <li>Samaria</li> <li>Asia Minor</li> <li>Pentecost: Christ's followers receive the spirit</li> <li>The apostles preach with the power of the spirit</li> <li>The apostles heal the sick</li> <li>Death of Stephen, the first martyr for Christ</li> <li>Paul preaches in Rome</li></ul></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><h2 id="Theology">Theology</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Gospel_of_Luke&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Theology" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Representation_of_the_Sower%27s_parable.JPEG" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Representation_of_the_Sower%27s_parable.JPEG/220px-Representation_of_the_Sower%27s_parable.JPEG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="415" data-file-height="312"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Representation_of_the_Sower%27s_parable.JPEG/220px-Representation_of_the_Sower%27s_parable.JPEG" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Representation_of_the_Sower%27s_parable.JPEG/330px-Representation_of_the_Sower%27s_parable.JPEG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cc/Representation_of_the_Sower%27s_parable.JPEG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Parable of the Sower (Biserica Ortodoxă din Deal, Cluj-Napoca), <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a>)</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Luke's_"salvation_history"">Luke's "salvation history"</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Gospel_of_Luke&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Luke's "salvation history"" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Luke's theology is expressed primarily through his overarching plot, the way scenes, themes and characters combine to construct his specific worldview.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAllen2009326-39">[36]</a> His "salvation history" stretches from the Creation to the present time of his readers, in three ages: first, the time of "the Law and the Prophets", the period beginning with Genesis and ending with the appearance of John the Baptist;<a href="#cite_note-40">[37]</a> second, the epoch of Jesus, in which the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_God" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of God">Kingdom of God</a> was preached;<a href="#cite_note-41">[38]</a> and finally the period of the Church, which began when the risen Christ was taken into Heaven, and would end with his <a href="/wiki/Second_coming_of_Christ" class="mw-redirect" title="Second coming of Christ">second coming</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2011no_page_numbers-42">[39]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Christology">Christology</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Gospel_of_Luke&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Christology" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Luke's understanding of Jesus – his <a href="/wiki/Christology" title="Christology">Christology</a> – is central to his theology. One approach to this is through the titles Luke gives to Jesus: these include, but are not limited to, Christ (<a href="/wiki/Messiah" title="Messiah">Messiah</a>), <a href="/wiki/Jesus_is_Lord" title="Jesus is Lord">Lord</a>, <a href="/wiki/Son_of_God" title="Son of God">Son of God</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Son_of_Man" class="mw-redirect" title="Son of Man">Son of Man</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPowell198960-43">[40]</a> Another is by reading Luke in the context of similar Greco-Roman divine saviour figures (Roman emperors are an example), references which would have made clear to Luke's readers that Jesus was the greatest of all saviours.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPowell198963%E2%80%9365-44">[41]</a> A third is to approach Luke through his use of the Old Testament, those passages from Jewish scripture which he cites to establish that Jesus is the promised Messiah.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPowell198966-45">[42]</a> While much of this is familiar, much also is missing: for example, Luke makes no clear reference to Christ's pre-existence or to the Christian's union with Christ, and makes relatively little reference to the concept of atonement: perhaps he felt no need to mention these ideas, or disagreed with them, or possibly he was simply unaware of them.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBuckwalter19964-46">[43]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bartolom%C3%A9_Esteban_Perez_Murillo_023.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Bartolom%C3%A9_Esteban_Perez_Murillo_023.jpg/170px-Bartolom%C3%A9_Esteban_Perez_Murillo_023.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="225" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1115" data-file-height="1476"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 225px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Bartolom%C3%A9_Esteban_Perez_Murillo_023.jpg/170px-Bartolom%C3%A9_Esteban_Perez_Murillo_023.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="225" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Bartolom%C3%A9_Esteban_Perez_Murillo_023.jpg/255px-Bartolom%C3%A9_Esteban_Perez_Murillo_023.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Bartolom%C3%A9_Esteban_Perez_Murillo_023.jpg/340px-Bartolom%C3%A9_Esteban_Perez_Murillo_023.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Annunciation (<a href="/wiki/Bartolom%C3%A9_Esteban_Perez_Murillo" class="mw-redirect" title="Bartolomé Esteban Perez Murillo">Murillo</a>)</figcaption></figure> Even what Luke does say about Christ is ambiguous or even contradictory.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBuckwalter19964-46">[43]</a> For example, according to <a href="/wiki/Luke_2:11" class="mw-redirect" title="Luke 2:11">Luke 2:11</a> Jesus was the Christ at his birth, but in Acts 2:36 he becomes Christ at the resurrection, while in Acts 3:20 it seems his messiahship is active only at the <a href="/wiki/Parousia" class="mw-redirect" title="Parousia">parousia</a>, the "<a href="/wiki/Second_coming_of_Christ" class="mw-redirect" title="Second coming of Christ">second coming</a>"; similarly, in Luke 2:11 he is the <a href="/wiki/Redeemer_(Christianity)" title="Redeemer (Christianity)">Saviour</a> from birth, but in Acts 5:31<a href="#cite_note-47">[44]</a> he is made Saviour at the resurrection; and he is born the <a href="/wiki/Son_of_God" title="Son of God">Son of God</a> in Luke 1:32–35,<a href="#cite_note-48">[45]</a> but becomes the Son of God at the resurrection according to Acts 13:33.<a href="#cite_note-49">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEhrman199665-50">[47]</a> Many of these differences may be due to scribal error, but others are argued to be deliberate alterations to doctrinally unacceptable passages, or the introduction by scribes of "proofs" for their favourite theological tenets.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiller201163-51">[48]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Holy_Spirit,_the_Christian_community,_and_the_Kingdom_of_God">The Holy Spirit, the Christian community, and the Kingdom of God</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Gospel_of_Luke&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: The Holy Spirit, the Christian community, and the Kingdom of God" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The Holy Spirit plays a more important role in Luke–Acts than in the other gospels. Some scholars have argued that the Spirit's involvement in the career of Jesus is paradigmatic of the universal Christian experience, others that Luke's intention was to stress Jesus' uniqueness as the Prophet of the final age.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPowell1989108%E2%80%9311-52">[49]</a> It is clear, however, that Luke understands the enabling power of the Spirit, expressed through non-discriminatory fellowship ("All who believed were together and had all things in common"), to be the basis of the Christian community.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPowell1989111-53">[50]</a> This community can also be understood as the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_God" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of God">Kingdom of God</a>, although the kingdom's final consummation will not be seen till the <a href="/wiki/Son_of_Man" class="mw-redirect" title="Son of Man">Son of Man</a> comes "on a cloud" at the end-time.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHolladay2011no_page_number-54">[51]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Christians_vs._Rome_and_the_Jews">Christians vs. Rome and the Jews</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Gospel_of_Luke&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Christians vs. Rome and the Jews" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_the_Roman_Empire" title="History of the Jews in the Roman Empire">History of the Jews in the Roman Empire</a></div> Luke needed to define the position of Christians in relation to two political and social entities, the Roman Empire and Judaism. Regarding the Empire, Luke makes clear that, while Christians are not a threat to the established order, the rulers of this world hold their power from Satan, and the essential loyalty of Christ's followers is to God and this world will be the kingdom of God, ruled by Christ the King.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBoring2012562-55">[52]</a> Regarding the Jews, Luke emphasises the fact that Jesus and all his earliest followers were Jews, although by his time the majority of Christ-followers were <a href="/wiki/Gentiles" class="mw-redirect" title="Gentiles">gentiles</a>; nevertheless, the Jews had rejected and killed the Messiah, and the Christian mission now lay with the gentiles.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBoring2012563-56">[53]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><h2 id="Comparison_with_other_writings">Comparison with other writings</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Gospel_of_Luke&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Comparison with other writings" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1602-3_Caravaggio,Supper_at_Emmaus_National_Gallery,_London.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/1602-3_Caravaggio%2CSupper_at_Emmaus_National_Gallery%2C_London.jpg/300px-1602-3_Caravaggio%2CSupper_at_Emmaus_National_Gallery%2C_London.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="213" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="5946" data-file-height="4226"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 300px;height: 213px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/1602-3_Caravaggio%2CSupper_at_Emmaus_National_Gallery%2C_London.jpg/300px-1602-3_Caravaggio%2CSupper_at_Emmaus_National_Gallery%2C_London.jpg" data-width="300" data-height="213" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/1602-3_Caravaggio%2CSupper_at_Emmaus_National_Gallery%2C_London.jpg/450px-1602-3_Caravaggio%2CSupper_at_Emmaus_National_Gallery%2C_London.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/1602-3_Caravaggio%2CSupper_at_Emmaus_National_Gallery%2C_London.jpg/600px-1602-3_Caravaggio%2CSupper_at_Emmaus_National_Gallery%2C_London.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Supper_at_Emmaus_(Caravaggio),_London" class="mw-redirect" title="Supper at Emmaus (Caravaggio), London">Supper at Emmaus</a> (1601), <a href="/wiki/Michelangelo_Merisi" class="mw-redirect" title="Michelangelo Merisi">Caravaggio</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Gallery" title="National Gallery">National Gallery</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Synoptics">Synoptics</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Gospel_of_Luke&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Synoptics" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The gospels of <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Matthew" title="Gospel of Matthew">Matthew</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Mark" title="Gospel of Mark">Mark</a> and Luke share so much in common that they are called the <a href="/wiki/Synoptic_Gospels" title="Synoptic Gospels">Synoptics</a>, as they frequently cover the same events in similar and sometimes identical language. The majority opinion among scholars is that Mark was the earliest of the three (about 70 AD) and that Matthew and Luke both used this work and the "sayings gospel" known as <a href="/wiki/Q_source" title="Q source">Q</a> as their basic sources. Luke has both expanded Mark and refined his grammar and syntax, as Mark's Greek writing is less elegant. Some passages from Mark he has eliminated, notably most of chapters 6 and 7, which he apparently felt reflected poorly on the disciples and painted Jesus too much like a magician. The disciple <a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter" title="Saint Peter">Peter</a> is given a notably more positive depiction than the other three gospels, with his failings either occluded or excused, and his merits and role emphasized.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDamgaard2015121%E2%80%93123-57">[54]</a> Despite this, he follows Mark's narrative more faithfully than does Matthew.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJohnson201048-58">[55]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Gospel_of_John">The Gospel of John</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Gospel_of_Luke&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: The Gospel of John" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Despite being grouped with Matthew and Mark, the Gospel of Luke has a number of parallels with the <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_John" title="Gospel of John">Gospel of John</a> which are not shared by the other <a href="/wiki/Synoptic_Gospels" title="Synoptic Gospels">synoptics</a>: <ul><li>Luke uses the terms "Jews" and "Israelites" in a way unlike Mark, but like John.</li> <li>Both gospels have characters named <a href="/wiki/Mary_of_Bethany" title="Mary of Bethany">Mary of Bethany</a>, <a href="/wiki/Martha" title="Martha">Martha</a>, and Lazarus, although John's <a href="/wiki/Lazarus_of_Bethany" title="Lazarus of Bethany">Lazarus</a> is portrayed as a real person, while Luke's is a figure in <a href="/wiki/Rich_man_and_Lazarus" title="Rich man and Lazarus">a parable</a>.</li> <li>There are several points where Luke's <a href="/wiki/Passion_narrative" class="mw-redirect" title="Passion narrative">passion narrative</a> resembles that of John.<a href="#cite_note-59">[56]</a><a href="#cite_note-60">[57]</a> At Jesus' <a href="/wiki/Arrest_of_Jesus" title="Arrest of Jesus">arrest</a>, only Luke and John state that the servant's right ear was cut off.<a href="#cite_note-61">[58]</a><a href="#cite_note-62">[59]</a></li></ul> There are also several other parallels that scholars have identified.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBoring2012576-63">[60]</a> Recently, some scholars have proposed that the author of John's gospel may have specifically redacted and responded to the Gospel of Luke.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacDonald2015-64">[61]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Gospel_of_Marcion">The Gospel of Marcion</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Gospel_of_Luke&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: The Gospel of Marcion" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Marcion" title="Gospel of Marcion">Gospel of Marcion</a></div> Some time in the 2nd century, the Christian thinker <a href="/wiki/Marcion_of_Sinope" title="Marcion of Sinope">Marcion of Sinope</a> began using a gospel that was very similar to, but shorter than, canonical Luke. Marcion was well known for preaching that the god who sent Jesus into the world was a different, higher deity than the creator god of Judaism.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeDuhn2015165-65">[62]</a> While no manuscript copies of <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Marcion" title="Gospel of Marcion">Marcion's gospel</a> survive, reconstructions of his text have been published by <a href="/wiki/Adolf_von_Harnack" title="Adolf von Harnack">Adolf von Harnack</a> and Dieter T. Roth,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERoth2015-66">[63]</a> based on quotations in the anti-<a href="/wiki/Marcionism" title="Marcionism">Marcionite</a> treatises of orthodox Christian <a href="/wiki/Apologetics" title="Apologetics">apologists</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Irenaeus" title="Irenaeus">Irenaeus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tertullian" title="Tertullian">Tertullian</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Epiphanius_of_Salamis" title="Epiphanius of Salamis">Epiphanius</a>. These early apologists accused Marcion of having "mutilated" canonical Luke by removing material that contradicted his unorthodox theological views.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeDuhn2015166-67">[64]</a> According to Tertullian, Marcion also accused his orthodox opponents of having "falsified" canonical Luke.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeDuhn2015167-168,_citing_Tertullian,_%5Bhttpwwwtertullianorgarticlesevans_marcevans_marc_10book4_enghtm_''Adversus_Marcionem''_4.4%5D-68">[65]</a> Like the <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Mark" title="Gospel of Mark">Gospel of Mark</a>, Marcion's gospel lacked any nativity story, and Luke's account of the baptism of Jesus was absent. The Gospel of Marcion also omitted Luke's parables of the <a href="/wiki/Parable_of_the_Good_Samaritan" title="Parable of the Good Samaritan">Good Samaritan</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Parable_of_the_Prodigal_Son" title="Parable of the Prodigal Son">Prodigal Son</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeDuhn2015170-69">[66]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Gospel_of_Luke&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Authorship_of_Luke%E2%80%93Acts" title="Authorship of Luke–Acts">Authorship of Luke–Acts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Gospels" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Gospels">List of Gospels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_omitted_Bible_verses" class="mw-redirect" title="List of omitted Bible verses">List of omitted Bible verses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcion" class="mw-redirect" title="Marcion">Marcion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_St._Luke" class="mw-redirect" title="Order of St. Luke">Order of St. Luke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synoptic_Gospels" title="Synoptic Gospels">Synoptic Gospels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synoptic_Gospels#The_synoptic_problem" title="Synoptic Gospels">Synoptic problem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Textual_variants_in_the_New_Testament#Gospel_of_Luke" title="Textual variants in the New Testament">Textual variants in the Gospel of Luke</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Gospel_of_Luke&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Notes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> The book is sometimes called the Gospel according to Luke (<a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greek language">Ancient Greek</a>: Εὐαγγέλιον κατὰ Λουκᾶν, <a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Ancient_Greek" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanization of Ancient Greek">romanized</a>: Euangélion katà Loukân<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGathercole201366%E2%80%9371-1">[1]</a>), or simply Luke<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a> (which is also its most common form of abbreviation).<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> Verses <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblica.com/bible/?osis=niv:Luke%2022:19%E2%80%9320">22:19–20</a> are omitted in Codex Bezae and a handful of <a href="/wiki/Vetus_Latina" title="Vetus Latina">Old Latin</a> manuscripts. Nearly all other manuscripts including Codex Sinaiticus and Codex Vaticanus and Church Fathers contain the "longer" reading of Luke 22:19 and 20. Verse 22:20, which is very similar to 1 Corinthians 11:25, and provides gospel support for the doctrine of the <a href="/wiki/New_Covenant" title="New Covenant">New Covenant</a>, along with Matthew 26:28 and Mark 14:24 (both, in the <a href="/wiki/Textus_Receptus" title="Textus Receptus">Textus Receptus</a> Greek manuscript). Verses 22:43–44 </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> For studies of the literary structure of this Gospel, see recent contributions of Bailey, Goulder and Talbert, in particular for their readings of Luke's Central Section. (Almost all scholars believe the section begins at 9.51; strong case, however, can be put for 9.43b.) Then the introductory pieces to the opening and closing parts that frame the teaching of the Central Section would exhibit a significant dualism: compare 9.43b–45 and 18.31–35. The Central Section would then be defined as 9.43b–19.48, 'Jesus Journey to Jerusalem and its Temple'. Between the opening part ('His Setting out', 9.43b–10.24) and the closing part ('His Arriving', 18.31–19.48) lies a chiasm of parts 1–5,C,5'–1', 'His Teachings on the Way': 1, 10.25–42 Inheriting eternal life: law and love; 2, 11.1–13 Prayer: right praying, persistence, Holy Spirit is given; 3, 11.14–12.12 The Kingdom of God: what is internal is important; 4, 12.13–48 Earthly and Heavenly riches; the coming of the Son of Man; 5, 12.49–13.9 Divisions, warning and prudence, repentance; C, 13.10–14.24 a Sabbath healing, kingdom and entry (13.10–30), Jesus is to die in Jerusalem, his lament for it (13.31–35), a Sabbath healing, banqueting in the kingdom (14.1–24); 5', 14.25–15.32 Divisions, warning and prudence, repentance; 4', 16.1–31 Earthly and Heavenly riches: the coming judgement; 3', 17.1–37 The kingdom of God is 'within', not coming with signs; 2', 18.1–17 Prayer: persistence, right praying, receiving the kingdom; 1', 18.18–30 Inheriting eternal life: law and love. (All the parts 1–5 and 5'–1' are constructed of three parts in the style of ABB'.) </li> </ol></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><h2 id="References">References</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Gospel_of_Luke&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Gospel_of_Luke&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Citations" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGathercole201366–71-1"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGathercole201366%E2%80%9371_1-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGathercole2013">Gathercole 2013</a>, pp. 66–71. </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HiPouAEACAAJ">ESV Pew Bible</a>. Wheaton, IL: Crossway. 2018. p. 855. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4335-6343-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4335-6343-0"><bdi>978-1-4335-6343-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210603093159/https://www.google.com/books/edition/ESV_Pew_Bible_Black/HiPouAEACAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 3 June 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=ESV+Pew+Bible&rft.place=Wheaton%2C+IL&rft.pages=855&rft.pub=Crossway&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-1-4335-6343-0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHiPouAEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+Luke" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.logos.com/bible-book-abbreviations">"Bible Book Abbreviations"</a>. Logos Bible Software. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220421100743/https://www.logos.com/bible-book-abbreviations">Archived</a> from the original on 21 April 2022. Retrieved 21 April 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Logos+Bible+Software&rft.atitle=Bible+Book+Abbreviations&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.logos.com%2Fbible-book-abbreviations&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+Luke" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAllen2009325-5"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAllen2009325_5-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAllen2009">Allen 2009</a>, p. 325. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurkett2002195-6">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurkett2002195_6-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurkett2002195_6-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFBurkett2002">Burkett 2002</a>, p. 195. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBoring2012556-7">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBoring2012556_7-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBoring2012556_7-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFBoring2012">Boring 2012</a>, p. 556. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDuling2010312-8"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDuling2010312_8-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDuling2010">Duling 2010</a>, p. 312. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurkett2002196-9">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurkett2002196_9-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurkett2002196_9-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFBurkett2002">Burkett 2002</a>, p. 196. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETheissenMerz199832-10">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETheissenMerz199832_10-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETheissenMerz199832_10-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETheissenMerz199832_10-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFTheissenMerz1998">Theissen & Merz 1998</a>, p. 32. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEhrman2005172,_235-11"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEhrman2005172,_235_11-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEhrman2005">Ehrman 2005</a>, pp. 172, 235. </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKeener2015" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Craig_Keener" class="mw-redirect" title="Craig Keener">Keener, Craig</a> (2015). Acts: An Exegetical Commentary (Volume 1). Baker Academic. p. 402. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0801039898" title="Special:BookSources/978-0801039898"><bdi>978-0801039898</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Acts%3A+An+Exegetical+Commentary+%28Volume+1%29&rft.pages=402&rft.pub=Baker+Academic&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-0801039898&rft.aulast=Keener&rft.aufirst=Craig&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+Luke" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPerkins2009250–53-13">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPerkins2009250%E2%80%9353_13-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPerkins2009250%E2%80%9353_13-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFPerkins2009">Perkins 2009</a>, pp. 250–53. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEhrman199627-14"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEhrman199627_14-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEhrman1996">Ehrman 1996</a>, p. 27. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBoring2012596-15"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBoring2012596_15-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBoring2012">Boring 2012</a>, p. 596. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEllis200319-16"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEllis200319_16-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEllis2003">Ellis 2003</a>, p. 19. </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Acts%209:1%E2%80%9331&version=nrsv">Acts 9:1–31</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Acts%2022:6%E2%80%9321&version=nrsv">Acts 22:6–21</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Acts%2026:9%E2%80%9323&version=nrsv">Acts 26:9–23</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Galatians%201:17%E2%80%9324&version=nrsv">Galatians 1:17–24</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPerkins1998253-22"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPerkins1998253_22-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPerkins1998">Perkins 1998</a>, p. 253. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBoring2012590-23"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBoring2012590_23-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBoring2012">Boring 2012</a>, p. 590. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreen199735-24">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGreen199735_24-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGreen199735_24-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFGreen1997">Green 1997</a>, p. 35. </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> "A glance at recent extended treatments of the "we" passages and commentaries demonstrates that, within biblical scholarship, solutions in the historical eyewitness traditions continue to be the most influential explanations for the first-person plural style in Acts. Of the two latest full-length studies on the "we" passages, for example, one argues that the first-person accounts came from Silas, a companion of Paul but not the author, and the other proposes that first-person narration was Luke's (Paul's companion and the author of Acts) method of communicating his participation in the events narrated.17 17. Jurgen Wehnert, Die Wir-Passegen der Apostelgeschitchte: Ein lukanisches Stilmittel aus judischer Tradition (GTA 40; Gottingen: Vanderhoeck & Ruprecht, 1989); Claus-Jurgen Thornton, Der Zeuge des Zeugen: Lukas als Historiker der Paulus reisen (WUNT 56; Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 1991). See also, Barrett, Acts of the Apostles, and Fitzmyer, Acts of the Apostles.", Campbell, "The "we" passages in the Acts of the Apostles: the narrator as narrative", p. 8 (2007). Society of Biblical Literature. </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> "The principle essay in this regard is P. Vielhauer, 'On the "Paulinism" of Acts', in L.E. Keck and J. L. Martyn (eds.), Studies in Luke-Acts (Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1975), 33-50, who suggests that Luke's presentation of Paul was, on several fronts, a contradiction of Paul's own letters (e.g. attitudes on natural theology, Jewish law, christology, eschatology). This has become the standard position in German scholarship, e.g., Conzelmann, Acts; J. Roloff, Die Apostelgeschichte (NTD; Berlin: Evangelische, 1981) 2-5; Schille, Apostelgeschichte des Lukas, 48-52. This position has been challenged most recently by Porter, "The Paul of Acts and the Paul of the Letters: Some Common Misconceptions', in his Paul of Acts, 187-206. See also I.H. Marshall, The Acts of the Apostles (TNTC; Grand Rapids: Eerdmans; Leister: InterVarsity Press, 1980) 42-44; E.E. Ellis, The Gospel of Luke (NCB; Grand Rapids: Eerdmans; London: Marshall, Morgan and Scott, 2nd edn, 1974) 45-47.", Pearson, "Corresponding sense: Paul, dialectic, and Gadamer", Biblical Interpretation Series, p. 101 (2001). Brill. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBalch20031104-27">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBalch20031104_27-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBalch20031104_27-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFBalch2003">Balch 2003</a>, p. 1104. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHurtado2005284-28"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHurtado2005284_28-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHurtado2005">Hurtado 2005</a>, p. 284. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEhrman199982-29"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEhrman199982_29-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEhrman1999">Ehrman 1999</a>, p. 82. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPowell199839–40-30"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPowell199839%E2%80%9340_30-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPowell1998">Powell 1998</a>, pp. 39–40. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurkett2002204-31"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurkett2002204_31-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBurkett2002">Burkett 2002</a>, p. 204. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreen199516–17-32"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGreen199516%E2%80%9317_32-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGreen1995">Green 1995</a>, pp. 16–17. </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Luke_1:3" class="mw-redirect" title="Luke 1:3">Luke 1:3</a>; cf. <a href="/wiki/Acts_1:1" class="mw-redirect" title="Acts 1:1">Acts 1:1</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeier2013417-34"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeier2013417_34-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMeier2013">Meier 2013</a>, p. 417. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreen199736-35"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGreen199736_35-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGreen1997">Green 1997</a>, p. 36. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECarroll201215–16-36"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarroll201215%E2%80%9316_36-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCarroll2012">Carroll 2012</a>, pp. 15–16. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBoring2012569-38"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBoring2012569_38-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBoring2012">Boring 2012</a>, p. 569. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAllen2009326-39"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAllen2009326_39-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAllen2009">Allen 2009</a>, p. 326. </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Luke%201:5%E2%80%933:1&version=nrsv">Luke 1:5–3:1</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Luke%203:2%E2%80%9324:51&version=nrsv">Luke 3:2–24:51</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2011no_page_numbers-42"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans2011no_page_numbers_42-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEvans2011">Evans 2011</a>, p. no page numbers. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPowell198960-43"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPowell198960_43-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPowell1989">Powell 1989</a>, p. 60. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPowell198963–65-44"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPowell198963%E2%80%9365_44-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPowell1989">Powell 1989</a>, pp. 63–65. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPowell198966-45"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPowell198966_45-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPowell1989">Powell 1989</a>, p. 66. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBuckwalter19964-46">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBuckwalter19964_46-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBuckwalter19964_46-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFBuckwalter1996">Buckwalter 1996</a>, p. 4. </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Acts%205:31&version=nrsv">Acts 5:31</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Luke%201:32%E2%80%9335&version=nrsv">Luke 1:32–35</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Acts%2013:33&version=nrsv">Acts 13:33</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEhrman199665-50"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEhrman199665_50-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEhrman1996">Ehrman 1996</a>, p. 65. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiller201163-51"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiller201163_51-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMiller2011">Miller 2011</a>, p. 63. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPowell1989108–11-52"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPowell1989108%E2%80%9311_52-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPowell1989">Powell 1989</a>, pp. 108–11. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPowell1989111-53"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPowell1989111_53-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPowell1989">Powell 1989</a>, p. 111. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHolladay2011no_page_number-54"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHolladay2011no_page_number_54-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHolladay2011">Holladay 2011</a>, p. no page number. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBoring2012562-55"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBoring2012562_55-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBoring2012">Boring 2012</a>, p. 562. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBoring2012563-56"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBoring2012563_56-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBoring2012">Boring 2012</a>, p. 563. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDamgaard2015121–123-57"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDamgaard2015121%E2%80%93123_57-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDamgaard2015">Damgaard 2015</a>, pp. 121–123. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJohnson201048-58"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJohnson201048_58-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFJohnson2010">Johnson 2010</a>, p. 48. </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a> <a href="/wiki/William_Robertson_Nicoll" title="William Robertson Nicoll">Nicoll, W. R.</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://biblehub.com/commentaries/egt/luke/22.htm">Expositor's Greek Testament</a> on Luke 22, accessed 30 October 2023 </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a> Jerusalem Bible (1966), footnote a at Luke 22 </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Luke%2022:50&version=nrsv">Luke 22:50</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=John%2018:10&version=nrsv">John 18:10</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBoring2012576-63"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBoring2012576_63-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBoring2012">Boring 2012</a>, p. 576. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacDonald2015-64"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacDonald2015_64-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMacDonald2015">MacDonald 2015</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeDuhn2015165-65"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeDuhn2015165_65-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBeDuhn2015">BeDuhn 2015</a>, p. 165. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERoth2015-66"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoth2015_66-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRoth2015">Roth 2015</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeDuhn2015166-67"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeDuhn2015166_67-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBeDuhn2015">BeDuhn 2015</a>, p. 166. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeDuhn2015167-168,_citing_Tertullian,_[httpwwwtertullianorgarticlesevans_marcevans_marc_10book4_enghtm_''Adversus_Marcionem''_4.4]-68"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeDuhn2015167-168,_citing_Tertullian,_%5Bhttpwwwtertullianorgarticlesevans_marcevans_marc_10book4_enghtm_''Adversus_Marcionem''_4.4%5D_68-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBeDuhn2015">BeDuhn 2015</a>, p. 167-168, citing Tertullian, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tertullian.org/articles/evans_marc/evans_marc_10book4_eng.htm">Adversus Marcionem 4.4</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeDuhn2015170-69"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeDuhn2015170_69-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBeDuhn2015">BeDuhn 2015</a>, p. 170. </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Gospel_of_Luke&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Sources" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-hanging-indents refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdamczewski2010" class="citation book cs1">Adamczewski, Bartosz (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2IlMGQAOgw8C">Q or not Q? The So-Called Triple, Double, and Single Traditions in the Synoptic Gospels</a>. Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-631-60492-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-631-60492-2"><bdi>978-3-631-60492-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Q+or+not+Q%3F+The+So-Called+Triple%2C+Double%2C+and+Single+Traditions+in+the+Synoptic+Gospels&rft.pub=Internationaler+Verlag+der+Wissenschaften&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-3-631-60492-2&rft.aulast=Adamczewski&rft.aufirst=Bartosz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2IlMGQAOgw8C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+Luke" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAllen2009" class="citation book cs1">Allen, O. Wesley Jr. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rQWknj4ORJkC&pg=PR6">"Luke"</a>. In Petersen, David L.; O'Day, Gail R. (eds.). Theological Bible Commentary. Westminster John Knox Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-61164-030-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-61164-030-4"><bdi>978-1-61164-030-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Luke&rft.btitle=Theological+Bible+Commentary&rft.pub=Westminster+John+Knox+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-61164-030-4&rft.aulast=Allen&rft.aufirst=O.+Wesley+Jr.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DrQWknj4ORJkC%26pg%3DPR6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+Luke" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFvan_Aarde2019" class="citation journal cs1">van Aarde, Andries (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4102%2FHTS.V75I3.5258">"Syncrisis as literary motif in the story about the grown-up child Jesus in the temple (Luke 2:41-52 and the Thomas tradition)"</a>. HTS Teologiese Studies / Theological Studies. 75 (3). <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4102%2FHTS.V75I3.5258">10.4102/HTS.V75I3.5258</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/2263%2F76046">2263/76046</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=HTS+Teologiese+Studies+%2F+Theological+Studies&rft.atitle=Syncrisis+as+literary+motif+in+the+story+about+the+grown-up+child+Jesus+in+the+temple+%28Luke+2%3A41-52+and+the+Thomas+tradition%29&rft.volume=75&rft.issue=3&rft.date=2019&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F2263%2F76046&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4102%2FHTS.V75I3.5258&rft.aulast=van+Aarde&rft.aufirst=Andries&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.4102%252FHTS.V75I3.5258&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+Luke" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAune1988" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_Aune" title="David Aune">Aune, David E.</a> (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7F_5kPoTTnoC">The New Testament in its literary environment</a>. Westminster John Knox Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-664-25018-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-664-25018-8"><bdi>978-0-664-25018-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+New+Testament+in+its+literary+environment&rft.pub=Westminster+John+Knox+Press&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=978-0-664-25018-8&rft.aulast=Aune&rft.aufirst=David+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7F_5kPoTTnoC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+Luke" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBalch2003" class="citation book cs1">Balch, David L. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2Vo-11umIZQC&pg=PA1103">"Luke"</a>. In Dunn, James D. G.; Rogerson, John William (eds.). Eerdmans Commentary on the Bible. Eerdmans. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-3711-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-3711-0"><bdi>978-0-8028-3711-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Luke&rft.btitle=Eerdmans+Commentary+on+the+Bible&rft.pub=Eerdmans&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-8028-3711-0&rft.aulast=Balch&rft.aufirst=David+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2Vo-11umIZQC%26pg%3DPA1103&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+Luke" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBartonMuddiman2007" class="citation book cs1">Barton, John; Muddiman, John (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZJdVkgEACAAJ">The Oxford Bible Commentary</a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-927718-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-927718-6"><bdi>978-0-19-927718-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Bible+Commentary&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-19-927718-6&rft.aulast=Barton&rft.aufirst=John&rft.au=Muddiman%2C+John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZJdVkgEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+Luke" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeDuhn2015" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jason_BeDuhn" title="Jason BeDuhn">BeDuhn, Jason</a> (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190525073815/http://www.westarinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/Forum-42-Challenging-Common-Conceptions-of-Early-Christianity.pdf">"The New Marcion"</a> (PDF). Forum. 3 (Fall 2015): 163–179. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.westarinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/Forum-42-Challenging-Common-Conceptions-of-Early-Christianity.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 25 May 2019. Retrieved 13 June 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forum&rft.atitle=The+New+Marcion&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=Fall+2015&rft.pages=163-179&rft.date=2015&rft.aulast=BeDuhn&rft.aufirst=Jason&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.westarinstitute.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2015%2F10%2FForum-42-Challenging-Common-Conceptions-of-Early-Christianity.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+Luke" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoring2012" class="citation book cs1">Boring, M. Eugene (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=leFrgkyEtusC&pg=PA556">An Introduction to the New Testament: History, Literature, Theology</a>. Westminster John Knox Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-664-25592-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-664-25592-3"><bdi>978-0-664-25592-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Introduction+to+the+New+Testament%3A+History%2C+Literature%2C+Theology&rft.pub=Westminster+John+Knox+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-664-25592-3&rft.aulast=Boring&rft.aufirst=M.+Eugene&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DleFrgkyEtusC%26pg%3DPA556&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+Luke" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBuckwalter1996" class="citation book cs1">Buckwalter, Douglas (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9nwtfHbKiF8C&pg=PA4">The Character and Purpose of Luke's Christology</a>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-56180-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-56180-8"><bdi>978-0-521-56180-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Character+and+Purpose+of+Luke%27s+Christology&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-521-56180-8&rft.aulast=Buckwalter&rft.aufirst=Douglas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9nwtfHbKiF8C%26pg%3DPA4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+Luke" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurkett2002" class="citation book cs1">Burkett, Delbert (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EcsQknxV-xQC&pg=PA195">An introduction to the New Testament and the origins of Christianity</a>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-00720-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-00720-7"><bdi>978-0-521-00720-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+introduction+to+the+New+Testament+and+the+origins+of+Christianity&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-521-00720-7&rft.aulast=Burkett&rft.aufirst=Delbert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DEcsQknxV-xQC%26pg%3DPA195&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+Luke" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarroll2012" class="citation book cs1">Carroll, John T. (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=krRY23eR55IC">Luke: A Commentary</a>. Westminster John Knox Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-664-22106-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-664-22106-5"><bdi>978-0-664-22106-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Luke%3A+A+Commentary&rft.pub=Westminster+John+Knox+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-664-22106-5&rft.aulast=Carroll&rft.aufirst=John+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DkrRY23eR55IC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+Luke" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCharlesworth2008" class="citation book cs1">Charlesworth, James H. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YTIGy5t45WgC&pg=PT64">The Historical Jesus: An Essential Guide</a>. Abingdon Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4267-2475-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4267-2475-6"><bdi>978-1-4267-2475-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Historical+Jesus%3A+An+Essential+Guide&rft.pub=Abingdon+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-4267-2475-6&rft.aulast=Charlesworth&rft.aufirst=James+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYTIGy5t45WgC%26pg%3DPT64&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+Luke" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCollins2000" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Adela_Yarbro_Collins" title="Adela Yarbro Collins">Collins, Adela Yarbro</a> (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=eZv1JZAHdg0C">Cosmology and Eschatology in Jewish and Christian Apocalypticism</a>. Brill. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-11927-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-11927-7"><bdi>978-90-04-11927-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cosmology+and+Eschatology+in+Jewish+and+Christian+Apocalypticism&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-90-04-11927-7&rft.aulast=Collins&rft.aufirst=Adela+Yarbro&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DeZv1JZAHdg0C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+Luke" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDamgaard2015" class="citation book cs1">Damgaard, Finn (2015). "Moving the People to Repentance: Peter in Luke-Acts". In <a href="/wiki/Helen_Bond" title="Helen Bond">Bond, Helen</a>; <a href="/wiki/Larry_Hurtado" title="Larry Hurtado">Hurtado, Larry</a> (eds.). Peter in Early Christianity. William B. Eerdmans. pp. 121–129. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-7171-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-7171-8"><bdi>978-0-8028-7171-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Moving+the+People+to+Repentance%3A+Peter+in+Luke-Acts&rft.btitle=Peter+in+Early+Christianity&rft.pages=121-129&rft.pub=William+B.+Eerdmans&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-0-8028-7171-8&rft.aulast=Damgaard&rft.aufirst=Finn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+Luke" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDuling2010" class="citation book cs1">Duling, Dennis C. (2010). "The Gospel of Matthew". In Aune, David E. (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ygcgn8h-jo4C&pg=PA318">The Blackwell Companion to The New Testament</a>. Wiley–Blackwell. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4443-1894-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4443-1894-4"><bdi>978-1-4443-1894-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Gospel+of+Matthew&rft.btitle=The+Blackwell+Companion+to+The+New+Testament&rft.pub=Wiley%E2%80%93Blackwell&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-4443-1894-4&rft.aulast=Duling&rft.aufirst=Dennis+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dygcgn8h-jo4C%26pg%3DPA318&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+Luke" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDunn2003" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/James_Dunn_(theologian)" title="James Dunn (theologian)">Dunn, James D.G.</a> (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=G4qpnvoautgC">Jesus Remembered</a>. Eerdmans. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-3931-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-3931-2"><bdi>978-0-8028-3931-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jesus+Remembered&rft.pub=Eerdmans&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-8028-3931-2&rft.aulast=Dunn&rft.aufirst=James+D.G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DG4qpnvoautgC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+Luke" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEhrman1996" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Bart_D_Ehrman" class="mw-redirect" title="Bart D Ehrman">Ehrman, Bart D.</a> (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HGpL9x19GaEC">The Orthodox Corruption of Scripture: The Effect of Early Christological Controversies on the Text of the New Testament</a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-510279-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-510279-6"><bdi>978-0-19-510279-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Orthodox+Corruption+of+Scripture%3A+The+Effect+of+Early+Christological+Controversies+on+the+Text+of+the+New+Testament&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-19-510279-6&rft.aulast=Ehrman&rft.aufirst=Bart+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHGpL9x19GaEC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+Luke" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEhrman1999" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Bart_D_Ehrman" class="mw-redirect" title="Bart D Ehrman">Ehrman, Bart D.</a> (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=c9K_6NN3llcC">Jesus: Apocalyptic Prophet of the New Millennium</a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-983943-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-983943-8"><bdi>978-0-19-983943-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jesus%3A+Apocalyptic+Prophet+of+the+New+Millennium&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-19-983943-8&rft.aulast=Ehrman&rft.aufirst=Bart+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dc9K_6NN3llcC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+Luke" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEhrman2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Bart_D_Ehrman" class="mw-redirect" title="Bart D Ehrman">Ehrman, Bart D.</a> (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=URdACxKubDIC&pg=PA235">Lost Christianities: The Battles for Scripture and the Faiths We Never Knew</a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-518249-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-518249-1"><bdi>978-0-19-518249-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lost+Christianities%3A+The+Battles+for+Scripture+and+the+Faiths+We+Never+Knew&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-19-518249-1&rft.aulast=Ehrman&rft.aufirst=Bart+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DURdACxKubDIC%26pg%3DPA235&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+Luke" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEllis2003" class="citation book cs1">Ellis, E. Earl (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3OdKAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA19">The Gospel of Luke</a>. Wipf and Stock Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59244-207-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59244-207-2"><bdi>978-1-59244-207-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Gospel+of+Luke&rft.pub=Wipf+and+Stock+Publishers&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-1-59244-207-2&rft.aulast=Ellis&rft.aufirst=E.+Earl&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3OdKAwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA19&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+Luke" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEvans2011" class="citation book cs1">Evans, Craig A. (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mBkB2Beyi2QC&pg=PT20">Luke</a>. Baker Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4412-3652-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4412-3652-4"><bdi>978-1-4412-3652-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Luke&rft.pub=Baker+Books&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-4412-3652-4&rft.aulast=Evans&rft.aufirst=Craig+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DmBkB2Beyi2QC%26pg%3DPT20&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+Luke" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGamble1995" class="citation book cs1">Gamble, Harry Y. (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2aEJfsXY57cC">Books and Readers in the Early Church: A History of Early Christian Texts</a>. Yale University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-06918-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-06918-1"><bdi>978-0-300-06918-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Books+and+Readers+in+the+Early+Church%3A+A+History+of+Early+Christian+Texts&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-300-06918-1&rft.aulast=Gamble&rft.aufirst=Harry+Y.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2aEJfsXY57cC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+Luke" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGathercole2013" class="citation cs2">Gathercole, Simon J. (2013), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://khazarzar.skeptik.net/books/titles.pdf">"The Titles of the Gospels in the Earliest New Testament Manuscripts"</a> (PDF), Zeitschrift für die neutestamentliche Wissenschaft, 104 (1): 33–76, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1515%2Fznw-2013-0002">10.1515/znw-2013-0002</a>, <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:170079937">170079937</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140225062934/http://khazarzar.skeptik.net/books/titles.pdf">archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 25 February 2014</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Zeitschrift+f%C3%BCr+die+neutestamentliche+Wissenschaft&rft.atitle=The+Titles+of+the+Gospels+in+the+Earliest+New+Testament+Manuscripts&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=33-76&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1515%2Fznw-2013-0002&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A170079937%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Gathercole&rft.aufirst=Simon+J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkhazarzar.skeptik.net%2Fbooks%2Ftitles.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+Luke" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoodacre2002" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Mark_Goodacre" title="Mark Goodacre">Goodacre, Mark</a> (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MPfBso3TwGkC">The Case Against Q: Studies in Markan Priority and the Synoptic Problem</a>. Trinity Press International. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-56338-334-9" title="Special:BookSources/1-56338-334-9"><bdi>1-56338-334-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Case+Against+Q%3A+Studies+in+Markan+Priority+and+the+Synoptic+Problem&rft.pub=Trinity+Press+International&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=1-56338-334-9&rft.aulast=Goodacre&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMPfBso3TwGkC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+Luke" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreen1995" class="citation book cs1">Green, Joel (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RSNT4X_FdpEC">The Theology of the Gospel of Luke</a>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-46932-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-46932-6"><bdi>978-0-521-46932-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Theology+of+the+Gospel+of+Luke&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-521-46932-6&rft.aulast=Green&rft.aufirst=Joel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRSNT4X_FdpEC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+Luke" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreen1997" class="citation book cs1">Green, Joel (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wzRVN2S8cVgC">The Gospel of Luke</a>. Eerdmans. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-2315-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-2315-1"><bdi>978-0-8028-2315-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Gospel+of+Luke&rft.pub=Eerdmans&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-8028-2315-1&rft.aulast=Green&rft.aufirst=Joel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwzRVN2S8cVgC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+Luke" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrobbelaar2020" class="citation journal cs1">Grobbelaar, Jan (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4102%2Fhts.v76i4.5637">"Doing theology with children: A childist reading of the childhood metaphor in 1 Corinthians and the Synoptic Gospels"</a>. HTS Theological Studies. 76 (4): 1–9. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4102%2Fhts.v76i4.5637">10.4102/hts.v76i4.5637</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/2263%2F76468">2263/76468</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0259-9422">0259-9422</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=HTS+Theological+Studies&rft.atitle=Doing+theology+with+children%3A+A+childist+reading+of+the+childhood+metaphor+in+1+Corinthians+and+the+Synoptic+Gospels&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=1-9&rft.date=2020&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F2263%2F76468&rft.issn=0259-9422&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4102%2Fhts.v76i4.5637&rft.aulast=Grobbelaar&rft.aufirst=Jan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.4102%252Fhts.v76i4.5637&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+Luke" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHolladay2011" class="citation book cs1">Holladay, Carl R. (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CUXim2wXtwsC&pg=PT216">A Critical Introduction to the New Testament: Interpreting the Message and Meaning of Jesus Christ</a>. Abingdon Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4267-4828-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4267-4828-8"><bdi>978-1-4267-4828-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Critical+Introduction+to+the+New+Testament%3A+Interpreting+the+Message+and+Meaning+of+Jesus+Christ&rft.pub=Abingdon+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-4267-4828-8&rft.aulast=Holladay&rft.aufirst=Carl+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCUXim2wXtwsC%26pg%3DPT216&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+Luke" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHurtado2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Larry_Hurtado" title="Larry Hurtado">Hurtado, Larry W.</a> (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=k32wZRMxltUC">Lord Jesus Christ: Devotion to Jesus in Earliest Christianity</a>. Eerdmans. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-3167-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-3167-5"><bdi>978-0-8028-3167-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lord+Jesus+Christ%3A+Devotion+to+Jesus+in+Earliest+Christianity&rft.pub=Eerdmans&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-8028-3167-5&rft.aulast=Hurtado&rft.aufirst=Larry+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dk32wZRMxltUC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+Luke" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohnson2010" class="citation book cs1">Johnson, Luke Timothy (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hNKRc2yVsQUC">The New Testament: A Very Short Introduction</a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-974599-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-974599-9"><bdi>978-0-19-974599-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+New+Testament%3A+A+Very+Short+Introduction&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-19-974599-9&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=Luke+Timothy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhNKRc2yVsQUC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+Luke" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLössl2010" class="citation book cs1">Lössl, Josef (2010). The Early Church: History and Memory. Continuum. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-567-16561-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-567-16561-9"><bdi>978-0-567-16561-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Early+Church%3A+History+and+Memory&rft.pub=Continuum&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-567-16561-9&rft.aulast=L%C3%B6ssl&rft.aufirst=Josef&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+Luke" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacDonald2015" class="citation journal cs1">MacDonald, Dennis R. (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190525073815/http://www.westarinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/Forum-42-Challenging-Common-Conceptions-of-Early-Christianity.pdf">"John's Radical Rewriting of Luke-Acts"</a> (PDF). Forum. 3 (Fall 2015): 111–124. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.westarinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/Forum-42-Challenging-Common-Conceptions-of-Early-Christianity.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 25 May 2019. Retrieved 13 June 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forum&rft.atitle=John%27s+Radical+Rewriting+of+Luke-Acts&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=Fall+2015&rft.pages=111-124&rft.date=2015&rft.aulast=MacDonald&rft.aufirst=Dennis+R.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.westarinstitute.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2015%2F10%2FForum-42-Challenging-Common-Conceptions-of-Early-Christianity.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+Luke" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcReynolds2016" class="citation journal cs1">McReynolds, Kathy (1 May 2016). "The Gospel of Luke: A Framework for a Theology of Disability". Christian Education Journal. 13 (1): 169–178. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F073989131601300111">10.1177/073989131601300111</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0739-8913">0739-8913</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:148901462">148901462</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Christian+Education+Journal&rft.atitle=The+Gospel+of+Luke%3A+A+Framework+for+a+Theology+of+Disability&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=169-178&rft.date=2016-05-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A148901462%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0739-8913&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F073989131601300111&rft.aulast=McReynolds&rft.aufirst=Kathy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+Luke" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMeier2013" class="citation book cs1">Meier, Paul (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Ts6ONz6oF0YC">"Luke as a Hellenistic Historian"</a>. In Pitts, Andrew; Porter, Stanley (eds.). Christian Origins and Greco-Roman Culture. Brill. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-23416-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-23416-1"><bdi>978-90-04-23416-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Luke+as+a+Hellenistic+Historian&rft.btitle=Christian+Origins+and+Greco-Roman+Culture&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-90-04-23416-1&rft.aulast=Meier&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DTs6ONz6oF0YC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+Luke" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMetzger2011" class="citation journal cs1">Metzger, James (22 February 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210317033313/https://novaojs.newcastle.edu.au/ojsbct/index.php/bct/article/view/308">"Disability and the marginalisation of God in the Parable of the Snubbed Host (Luke 14.15-24)"</a>. The Bible and Critical Theory. 6 (2). <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1832-3391">1832-3391</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://novaojs.newcastle.edu.au/ojsbct/index.php/bct/article/view/308">the original</a> on 17 March 2021. Retrieved 30 April 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Bible+and+Critical+Theory&rft.atitle=Disability+and+the+marginalisation+of+God+in+the+Parable+of+the+Snubbed+Host+%28Luke+14.15-24%29&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=2&rft.date=2011-02-22&rft.issn=1832-3391&rft.aulast=Metzger&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnovaojs.newcastle.edu.au%2Fojsbct%2Findex.php%2Fbct%2Farticle%2Fview%2F308&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+Luke" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiller2011" class="citation book cs1">Miller, Philip M. (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=838A8BDUI5kC&pg=PA64">"The Least Orthodox Reading is to be Preferred"</a>. In Wallace, Daniel B. (ed.). Revisiting the Corruption of the New Testament. Kregel Academic. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8254-8906-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8254-8906-8"><bdi>978-0-8254-8906-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Least+Orthodox+Reading+is+to+be+Preferred&rft.btitle=Revisiting+the+Corruption+of+the+New+Testament&rft.pub=Kregel+Academic&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-8254-8906-8&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=Philip+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D838A8BDUI5kC%26pg%3DPA64&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+Luke" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorris1990" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Leon_Morris" title="Leon Morris">Morris, Leon</a> (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6D3o6fZd67EC">New Testament Theology</a>. Zondervan. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-310-45571-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-310-45571-4"><bdi>978-0-310-45571-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=New+Testament+Theology&rft.pub=Zondervan&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-0-310-45571-4&rft.aulast=Morris&rft.aufirst=Leon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6D3o6fZd67EC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+Luke" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPerkins1998" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Pheme_Perkins" title="Pheme Perkins">Perkins, Pheme</a> (1998). "The Synoptic Gospels and the Acts of the Apostles: Telling the Christian Story". In Barton, John (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PSHCRgS_SAUC">The Cambridge companion to biblical interpretation</a>. Westminster John Knox Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-48593-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-48593-7"><bdi>978-0-521-48593-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Synoptic+Gospels+and+the+Acts+of+the+Apostles%3A+Telling+the+Christian+Story&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+companion+to+biblical+interpretation&rft.pub=Westminster+John+Knox+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-521-48593-7&rft.aulast=Perkins&rft.aufirst=Pheme&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPSHCRgS_SAUC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+Luke" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPerkins2009" class="citation book cs1">Perkins, Pheme (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lMUZhdgmOR8C">Introduction to the Synoptic Gospels</a>. Eerdmans. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-6553-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-6553-3"><bdi>978-0-8028-6553-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Introduction+to+the+Synoptic+Gospels&rft.pub=Eerdmans&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-8028-6553-3&rft.aulast=Perkins&rft.aufirst=Pheme&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlMUZhdgmOR8C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+Luke" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPowell1998" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Mark_Allan_Powell" title="Mark Allan Powell">Powell, Mark Allan</a> (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=IJP4DRCVaUMC">Jesus as a Figure in History: How Modern Historians View the Man from Galilee</a>. Eerdmans. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-664-25703-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-664-25703-3"><bdi>978-0-664-25703-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jesus+as+a+Figure+in+History%3A+How+Modern+Historians+View+the+Man+from+Galilee&rft.pub=Eerdmans&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-664-25703-3&rft.aulast=Powell&rft.aufirst=Mark+Allan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DIJP4DRCVaUMC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+Luke" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPowell1989" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Mark_Allan_Powell" title="Mark Allan Powell">Powell, Mark Allan</a> (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9jRu8_-GlKMC">What Are They Saying About Luke?</a>. Paulist Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8091-3111-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8091-3111-2"><bdi>978-0-8091-3111-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=What+Are+They+Saying+About+Luke%3F&rft.pub=Paulist+Press&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-0-8091-3111-2&rft.aulast=Powell&rft.aufirst=Mark+Allan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9jRu8_-GlKMC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+Luke" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoth2015" class="citation book cs1">Roth, Dieter T. (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hNYuBgAAQBAJ">The Text of Marcion's Gospel</a>. Brill. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-24520-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-24520-4"><bdi>978-90-04-24520-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Text+of+Marcion%27s+Gospel&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-90-04-24520-4&rft.aulast=Roth&rft.aufirst=Dieter+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhNYuBgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+Luke" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith1987" class="citation journal cs1">Smith, Dennis E. (1987). "Table Fellowship as a Literary Motif in the Gospel of Luke". Journal of Biblical Literature. 106 (4): 613–638. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F3260823">10.2307/3260823</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0021-9231">0021-9231</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3260823">3260823</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Biblical+Literature&rft.atitle=Table+Fellowship+as+a+Literary+Motif+in+the+Gospel+of+Luke&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=613-638&rft.date=1987&rft.issn=0021-9231&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3260823%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F3260823&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Dennis+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+Luke" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStory2012" class="citation journal cs1">Story, Lyle (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://img1.wsimg.com/blobby/go/581979e1-eb92-41f8-84fe-06b1f3e380f2/downloads/1cleqf1s0_113095.pdf">"One banquet with many courses"</a> (PDF). Journal of Biblical and Pneumatological Research. 4: 67–93. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210430032119/https://img1.wsimg.com/blobby/go/581979e1-eb92-41f8-84fe-06b1f3e380f2/downloads/1cleqf1s0_113095.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 30 April 2021 – via EBSCO.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Biblical+and+Pneumatological+Research&rft.atitle=One+banquet+with+many+courses&rft.volume=4&rft.pages=67-93&rft.date=2012&rft.aulast=Story&rft.aufirst=Lyle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fimg1.wsimg.com%2Fblobby%2Fgo%2F581979e1-eb92-41f8-84fe-06b1f3e380f2%2Fdownloads%2F1cleqf1s0_113095.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+Luke" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStrelan2013" class="citation book cs1">Strelan, Rick (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=AeTdi13weAoC&pg=PA103">Luke the Priest – the Authority of the Author of the Third Gospel</a>. Ashgate Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4094-7788-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4094-7788-4"><bdi>978-1-4094-7788-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Luke+the+Priest+%E2%80%93+the+Authority+of+the+Author+of+the+Third+Gospel&rft.pub=Ashgate+Publishing&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-4094-7788-4&rft.aulast=Strelan&rft.aufirst=Rick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAeTdi13weAoC%26pg%3DPA103&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+Luke" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTalbert2002" class="citation book cs1">Talbert, Charles H. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Gds2W380hPcC">Reading Luke: A Literary and Theological Commentary</a>. Smyth & Helwys. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57312-393-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57312-393-8"><bdi>978-1-57312-393-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Reading+Luke%3A+A+Literary+and+Theological+Commentary&rft.pub=Smyth+%26+Helwys&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-1-57312-393-8&rft.aulast=Talbert&rft.aufirst=Charles+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGds2W380hPcC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+Luke" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTheissenMerz1998" class="citation book cs1">Theissen, Gerd; Merz, Annette (1998) [1996]. The historical Jesus: a comprehensive guide. Translated by Bowden, John. Fortress Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8006-3123-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8006-3123-9"><bdi>978-0-8006-3123-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+historical+Jesus%3A+a+comprehensive+guide&rft.pub=Fortress+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-8006-3123-9&rft.aulast=Theissen&rft.aufirst=Gerd&rft.au=Merz%2C+Annette&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+Luke" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThompson2010" class="citation book cs1">Thompson, Richard P. (2010). "Luke–Acts: The Gospel of Luke and the Acts of the Apostles". In Aune, David E. (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ygcgn8h-jo4C&pg=PA318">The Blackwell Companion to The New Testament</a>. Wiley–Blackwell. p. 319. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4443-1894-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4443-1894-4"><bdi>978-1-4443-1894-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Luke%E2%80%93Acts%3A+The+Gospel+of+Luke+and+the+Acts+of+the+Apostles&rft.btitle=The+Blackwell+Companion+to+The+New+Testament&rft.pages=319&rft.pub=Wiley%E2%80%93Blackwell&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-4443-1894-4&rft.aulast=Thompson&rft.aufirst=Richard+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dygcgn8h-jo4C%26pg%3DPA318&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+Luke" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStrecker2000" class="citation book cs1">Strecker, Georg (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_6NxpAvdrOgC">Theology of the New Testament</a>. Walter de Gruyter. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-664-22336-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-664-22336-6"><bdi>978-0-664-22336-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Theology+of+the+New+Testament&rft.pub=Walter+de+Gruyter&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-664-22336-6&rft.aulast=Strecker&rft.aufirst=Georg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_6NxpAvdrOgC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+Luke" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTwelftree1999" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Graham_Twelftree" title="Graham Twelftree">Twelftree, Graham H.</a> (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DitVtGWdYeYC">Jesus the miracle worker: a historical & theological study</a>. InterVarsity Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8308-1596-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8308-1596-8"><bdi>978-0-8308-1596-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jesus+the+miracle+worker%3A+a+historical+%26+theological+study&rft.pub=InterVarsity+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-8308-1596-8&rft.aulast=Twelftree&rft.aufirst=Graham+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDitVtGWdYeYC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+Luke" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVanderKamFlint2005" class="citation book cs1">VanderKam, James C.; Flint, Peter W. (2005). The meaning of the Dead Sea scrolls: Their significance for understanding the Bible, Judaism, Jesus, and Christianity. Bloomsbury Academic. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-567-08468-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-567-08468-X"><bdi>0-567-08468-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+meaning+of+the+Dead+Sea+scrolls%3A+Their+significance+for+understanding+the+Bible%2C+Judaism%2C+Jesus%2C+and+Christianity&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Academic&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-567-08468-X&rft.aulast=VanderKam&rft.aufirst=James+C.&rft.au=Flint%2C+Peter+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGospel+of+Luke" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Gospel_of_Luke&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: External links" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large 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href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Gospel_of_Luke" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Gospel of Luke">Gospel of Luke</a>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 30px;height: 40px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="30" data-height="40" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Gospel_of_Luke" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Gospel of Luke">Gospel of Luke</a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biblegateway.com">Bible Gateway 35 languages/50 versions</a> at GospelCom.net</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://unbound.biola.edu">Unbound Bible 100+ languages/versions</a> at Biola University</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gospelhall.org/bible/bible.php?passage=Luke+1">Online Bible</a> at gospelhall.org</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.earlychristianwritings.com/luke.html">Early Christian Writings</a>; Gospel of Luke: introductions and e-texts</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040205121126/http://www.ifrance.com/bezae/index.html">French; English translation</a></li> <li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/15px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 15px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/15px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="15" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/23px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/30px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://librivox.org/search?title=NT+03+Luke&author=&reader=&keywords=&genre_id=0&status=all&project_type=either&recorded_language=&sort_order=catalog_date&search_page=1&search_form=advanced">Bible: Luke</a> public domain audiobook at <a href="/wiki/LibriVox" title="LibriVox">LibriVox</a> Various versions</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vts.edu/ftpimages/95/download/download_group10628_id314976.pdf">A Brief Introduction to Luke–Acts is available online.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160114191052/http://www.vts.edu/ftpimages/95/download/download_group10628_id314976.pdf">Archived</a> 14 January 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.katapi.org.uk/4Gospels/Ch8.htm#II">B.H. Streeter, The Four Gospels: A study of origins 1924.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140106074404/http://www.katapi.org.uk/4Gospels/Ch8.htm#II">Archived</a> 6 January 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090327165542/http://www-user.uni-bremen.de/~wie/TCG/TC-Luke.pdf">Willker, W (2007), A textual commentary on the Gospel of Luke, Pub. on-line</a> A very detailed text-critical discussion of the 300 most important variants of the Greek text (PDF, 467 pages)</li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFD700; text-align:center;"><div>Gospel of Luke </div><div><a href="/wiki/Synoptic_Gospels" title="Synoptic Gospels">Synoptic</a> <a href="/wiki/Gospel" title="Gospel">Gospel</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Gospel" title="Gospel">Gospel</a> of <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Mark" title="Gospel of Mark">Mark</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a> <a href="/wiki/Books_of_the_Bible" class="mw-redirect" title="Books of the Bible">Books of the Bible</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Gospel" title="Gospel">Gospel</a> of <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_John" title="Gospel of John">John</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output 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id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelie_volgens_Lukas" title="Evangelie volgens Lukas – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Evangelie volgens Lukas" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%84_%D9%84%D9%88%D9%82%D8%A7" title="إنجيل لوقا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إنجيل لوقا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%9F%DC%AA%DC%98%DC%99%DC%98%DC%AC%DC%90_%DC%95%DC%A0%DC%98%DC%A9%DC%90" title="ܟܪܘܙܘܬܐ ܕܠܘܩܐ – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܟܪܘܙܘܬܐ ܕܠܘܩܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target">ܐܪܡܝܐ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%D9%82%D8%A7_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C" title="لوقا اینجیلی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="لوقا اینجیلی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0" title="লূকের সুসমাচার – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="লূকের সুসমাচার" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C5%8D%CD%98-ka_Hok-im" title="Lō͘-ka Hok-im – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Lō͘-ka Hok-im" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%A1%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%86%D0%B5" title="Паводле Лукі Святое Дабравесце – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Паводле Лукі Святое Дабравесце" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%96" title="Эвангельле паводле Лукі – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Эвангельле паводле Лукі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D1%82_%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Евангелие от Лука – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Евангелие от Лука" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelium_noch_Lukas" title="Evangelium noch Lukas – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Evangelium noch Lukas" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Boarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BC%84%E0%BC%85%E0%BC%8D%E0%BC%8D_%E0%BD%A3%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%80%E0%BD%B1%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A1%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%96%E0%BE%B2%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%94%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%95%E0%BE%B2%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%96%E0%BD%9F%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%96%E0%BD%9E%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8D%E0%BC%8D" title="༄༅།། ལུ་ཀཱ་ཡིས་བྲིས་པའི་འཕྲིན་བཟང་བཞུགས་སོ།། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="༄༅།། ལུ་ཀཱ་ཡིས་བྲིས་པའི་འཕྲིན་བཟང་བཞུགས་སོ།།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target">བོད་ཡིག</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aviel_Lukaz" title="Aviel Lukaz – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Aviel Lukaz" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangeli_segons_Lluc" title="Evangeli segons Lluc – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Evangeli segons Lluc" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebanghelyo_ni_Lucas" title="Ebanghelyo ni Lucas – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Ebanghelyo ni Lucas" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelium_podle_Luk%C3%A1%C5%A1e" title="Evangelium podle Lukáše – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Evangelium podle Lukáše" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vhangeri_ra_Ruka" title="Vhangeri ra Ruka – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Vhangeri ra Ruka" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target">ChiShona</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yr_Efengyl_yn_%C3%B4l_Luc" title="Yr Efengyl yn ôl Luc – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Yr Efengyl yn ôl Luc" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lukasevangeliet" title="Lukasevangeliet – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Lukasevangeliet" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelium_nach_Lukas" title="Evangelium nach Lukas – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Evangelium nach Lukas" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangeliom_sw%C4%9Btego_Luka%C5%A1a" title="Evangeliom swětego Lukaša – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Evangeliom swětego Lukaša" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dolnoserbski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luuka_evangeelium" title="Luuka evangeelium – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Luuka evangeelium" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%AC_%CE%9B%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%BA%CE%AC%CE%BD_%CE%95%CF%85%CE%B1%CE%B3%CE%B3%CE%AD%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BF%CE%BD" title="Κατά Λουκάν Ευαγγέλιον – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κατά Λουκάν Ευαγγέλιον" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelio_de_Lucas" title="Evangelio de Lucas – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Evangelio de Lucas" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelio_la%C5%AD_Luko" title="Evangelio laŭ Luko – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Evangelio laŭ Luko" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lukasen_ebanjelioa" title="Lukasen ebanjelioa – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Lukasen ebanjelioa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%84_%D9%84%D9%88%D9%82%D8%A7" title="انجیل لوقا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="انجیل لوقا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89vangile_selon_Luc" title="Évangile selon Luc – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Évangile selon Luc" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangeelje_fan_Lukas" title="Evangeelje fan Lukas – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Evangeelje fan Lukas" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanzeli_seont_Luche" title="Vanzeli seont Luche – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Vanzeli seont Luche" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Furlan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soisc%C3%A9al_L%C3%BAc%C3%A1is" title="Soiscéal Lúcáis – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Soiscéal Lúcáis" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evanxeo_de_Lucas" title="Evanxeo de Lucas – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Evanxeo de Lucas" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%82_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82_%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="लुका पर्माणें जेजू क्रिसताचें शुभवर्तमान – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="लुका पर्माणें जेजू क्रिसताचें शुभवर्तमान" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target">गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lu-k%C3%A2-fuk-y%C3%AEm" title="Lu-kâ-fuk-yîm – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Lu-kâ-fuk-yîm" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A3%A8%EA%B0%80%EC%9D%98_%EB%B3%B5%EC%9D%8C%EC%84%9C" title="루가의 복음서 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="루가의 복음서" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%BE%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%A8%D5%BD%D5%BF_%D5%82%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%AB" title="Ավետարան ըստ Ղուկասի – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ավետարան ըստ Ղուկասի" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ewangelij_po_Luka%C5%A1u" title="Ewangelij po Lukašu – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Ewangelij po Lukašu" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hornjoserbsce</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evan%C4%91elje_po_Luki" title="Evanđelje po Luki – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Evanđelje po Luki" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Injil_Lukas" title="Injil Lukas – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Injil Lukas" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelio_secundo_Luca" title="Evangelio secundo Luca – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Evangelio secundo Luca" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luka" title="Luka – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Luka" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target">IsiZulu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vangelo_secondo_Luca" title="Vangelo secondo Luca – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Vangelo secondo Luca" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%91%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%94_%D7%A2%D7%9C-%D7%A4%D7%99_%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%A1" title="הבשורה על-פי לוקאס – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הבשורה על-פי לוקאס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Injil_Lukas" title="Injil Lukas – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Injil Lukas" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A3%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%AE%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%90" title="ლუკას სახარება – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ლუკას სახარება" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ewanieli%C3%B4_wedle_swi%C3%A3t%C3%A9g%C3%B2_%C5%81uk%C3%B4sza" title="Ewanieliô wedle swiãtégò Łukôsza – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Ewanieliô wedle swiãtégò Łukôsza" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kaszëbsczi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igitabo_cya_Luka" title="Igitabo cya Luka – Kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Igitabo cya Luka" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ikinyarwanda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Injili_ya_Luka" title="Injili ya Luka – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Injili ya Luka" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lik" title="Lik – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Lik" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelium_secundum_Lucam" title="Evangelium secundum Lucam – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Evangelium secundum Lucam" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C5%ABkas_eva%C5%86%C4%A3%C4%93lijs" title="Lūkas evaņģēlijs – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Lūkas evaņģēlijs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelija_pagal_Luk%C4%85" title="Evangelija pagal Luką – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Evangelija pagal Luką" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%27Evangel_del_L%C3%BCga" title="L'Evangel del Lüga – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="L'Evangel del Lüga" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luk%C3%A1cs_evang%C3%A9liuma" title="Lukács evangéliuma – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Lukács evangéliuma" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4_%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Евангелие според Лука – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Евангелие според Лука" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filazantsara_araka_an%27_i_Lioka" title="Filazantsara araka an' i Lioka – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Filazantsara araka an' i Lioka" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE_%E0%B4%8E%E0%B4%B4%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B6%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%82" title="ലൂക്കാ എഴുതിയ സുവിശേഷം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ലൂക്കാ എഴുതിയ സുവിശേഷം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%84_%D9%84%D9%88%D9%82%D8%A7" title="انجيل لوقا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="انجيل لوقا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Injil_Lukas" title="Injil Lukas – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Injil Lukas" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%B4-g%C4%83_H%C3%B3k_%C4%ACng" title="Lô-gă Hók Ĭng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Lô-gă Hók Ĭng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%BA" title="Лук – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Лук" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BE%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AF%E1%80%80%E1%80%AC%E1%80%81%E1%80%9B%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9D%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA" title="ရှင်လုကာခရစ်ဝင် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ရှင်လုကာခရစ်ဝင်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ai_Tukutuku-vinaka_sa_vola_ko_Luke" title="Ai Tukutuku-vinaka sa vola ko Luke – Fijian" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Ai Tukutuku-vinaka sa vola ko Luke" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="Fijian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Na Vosa Vakaviti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelie_volgens_Lucas" title="Evangelie volgens Lucas – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Evangelie volgens Lucas" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AB%E3%82%AB%E3%81%AB%E3%82%88%E3%82%8B%E7%A6%8F%E9%9F%B3%E6%9B%B8" title="ルカによる福音書 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ルカによる福音書" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangeliet_etter_Lukas" title="Evangeliet etter Lukas – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Evangeliet etter Lukas" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangeliet_etter_Lukas" title="Evangeliet etter Lukas – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Evangeliet etter Lukas" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evang%C3%A8li_segon_Luc" title="Evangèli segon Luc – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Evangèli segon Luc" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%D9%82%D8%A7_%D8%AF%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%84" title="لوقا دی انجیل – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="لوقا دی انجیل" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89vangile_eslon_Luc" title="Évangile eslon Luc – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Évangile eslon Luc" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Picard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lukasevangelium" title="Lukasevangelium – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Lukasevangelium" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ewangelia_%C5%81ukasza" title="Ewangelia Łukasza – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ewangelia Łukasza" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelho_segundo_Lucas" title="Evangelho segundo Lucas – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Evangelho segundo Lucas" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evanghelia_dup%C4%83_Luca" title="Evanghelia după Luca – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Evanghelia după Luca" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lukaspa_qillqasqan" title="Lukaspa qillqasqan – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Lukaspa qillqasqan" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D1%82_%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Евангелие от Луки – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Евангелие от Луки" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/O_le_Evagelia_a_Luka" title="O le Evagelia a Luka – Samoan" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="O le Evagelia a Luka" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="Samoan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gagana Samoa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%D9%82%D8%A7_%D8%AF%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%84" title="لوقا دی انجیل – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="لوقا دی انجیل" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target">سرائیکی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ungjilli_i_Luk%C3%ABs" title="Ungjilli i Lukës – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Ungjilli i Lukës" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vancelu_di_Luca" title="Vancelu di Luca – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Vancelu di Luca" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B0%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%96_%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%96%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%B7%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%82%E0%B6%A0%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA" title="ශුද්ධවූ ලූක් තුමාගේ සුභාරංචිය – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ශුද්ධවූ ලූක් තුමාගේ සුභාරංචිය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gospel_of_Luke" title="Gospel of Luke – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Gospel of Luke" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evanjelium_pod%C4%BEa_Luk%C3%A1%C5%A1a" title="Evanjelium podľa Lukáša – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Evanjelium podľa Lukáša" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelij_po_Luku" title="Evangelij po Luku – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Evangelij po Luku" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C_%D9%84%DB%86%D9%82%D8%A7" title="ئینجیلی لۆقا – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئینجیلی لۆقا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%88%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%92%D0%B5%D1%99%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D0%BE_%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Јеванђеље по Луки – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Јеванђеље по Луки" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evan%C4%91elje_po_Luki" title="Evanđelje po Luki – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Evanđelje po Luki" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evankeliumi_Luukkaan_mukaan" title="Evankeliumi Luukkaan mukaan – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Evankeliumi Luukkaan mukaan" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lukasevangeliet" title="Lukasevangeliet – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Lukasevangeliet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebanghelyo_ni_Lucas" title="Ebanghelyo ni Lucas – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Ebanghelyo ni Lucas" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE_%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF" title="லூக்கா நற்செய்தி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="லூக்கா நற்செய்தி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2" title="พระวรสารนักบุญลูกา – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="พระวรสารนักบุญลูกา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%82%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%86_%E0%B2%AC%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%BF_%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8" title="ಲೂಕೆ ಬರೆತಿ ಸುವಾರ್ತಮಾನ – Tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ಲೂಕೆ ಬರೆತಿ ಸುವಾರ್ತಮಾನ" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="Tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target">ತುಳು</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luka_%C4%B0ncili" title="Luka İncili – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Luka İncili" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%84%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%94_%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B4_%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Євангеліє від Луки – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Євангеліє від Луки" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%D9%82%D8%A7_%DA%A9%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%84" title="لوقا کی انجیل – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="لوقا کی انجیل" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%87%D9%82%D8%A7_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%82%D9%89%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AE%DB%87%D8%B4_%D8%AE%DB%95%DB%8B%DB%95%D8%B1" title="لۇقا بايان قىلغان خۇش خەۋەر – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="لۇقا بايان قىلغان خۇش خەۋەر" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ph%C3%BAc_%C3%82m_Luca" title="Phúc Âm Luca – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Phúc Âm Luca" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evandj%C3%AEle_sint_Luk" title="Evandjîle sint Luk – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Evandjîle sint Luk" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Walon</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebanghelyo_ni_Lucas" title="Ebanghelyo ni Lucas – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Ebanghelyo ni Lucas" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B7%AF%E5%8A%A0%E7%A6%8F%E9%9F%B3" title="路加福音 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="路加福音" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Ch%C3%ACnrere_L%C3%BAk%C3%B9" title="Ìhìnrere Lúkù – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Ìhìnrere Lúkù" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B7%AF%E5%8A%A0%E7%A6%8F%E9%9F%B3" title="路加福音 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="路加福音" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucas" title="Lucas – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Lucas" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zeêuws</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B7%AF%E5%8A%A0%E7%A6%8F%E9%9F%B3" title="路加福音 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="路加福音" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bbc mw-list-item"><a href="https://bbc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buku_Lukas" title="Buku Lukas – Batak Toba" lang="bbc" hreflang="bbc" data-title="Buku Lukas" data-language-autonym="Batak Toba" data-language-local-name="Batak Toba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Batak Toba</a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"><img 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<div class="mw-notification-area" data-mw="interface"></div>  <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-x6txf","wgBackendResponseTime":206,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.229","walltime":"1.494","ppvisitednodes":{"value":8734,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":272610,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":11224,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":14,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":10,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":279580,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1241.897 1 -total"," 20.66% 256.598 45 Template:Cite_book"," 14.23% 176.727 3 Template:Efn"," 13.86% 172.161 56 Template:Sfn"," 10.68% 132.576 1 Template:Books_of_the_New_Testament"," 10.53% 130.738 1 Template:Sidebar_with_collapsible_lists"," 8.67% 107.668 1 Template:Langx"," 5.97% 74.131 3 Template:Sister_project"," 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[\"CITEREFGamble1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGathercole2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGoodacre2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGreen1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGreen1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGrobbelaar2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHolladay2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHurtado2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJohnson2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKeener2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLössl2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMacDonald2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcReynolds2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMeier2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMetzger2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMiller2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMorris1990\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPerkins1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPerkins2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPowell1989\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPowell1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRoth2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSmith1987\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStory2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStrecker2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStrelan2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTalbert2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTheissenMerz1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThompson2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTwelftree1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVanderKamFlint2005\"] = 1,\n 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[\"Webarchive\"] = 2,\n [\"Wikiquote\"] = 1,\n [\"Wikisource\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-7gxbk","timestamp":"20241124053206","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Gospel of Luke","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gospel_of_Luke","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q39939","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q39939","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2001-10-19T20:33:38Z","dateModified":"2024-11-20T20:03:29Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/2\/22\/Luke_13.29-35_and_14.10_%28CBL_BP_I%2C_f.15r%29.jpg","headline":"book of the New Testament"}</script><script>(window.NORLQ=window.NORLQ||[]).push(function(){var ns,i,p,img;ns=document.getElementsByTagName('noscript');for(i=0;i<ns.length;i++){p=ns[i].nextSibling;if(p&&p.className&&p.className.indexOf('lazy-image-placeholder')>-1){img=document.createElement('img');img.setAttribute('src',p.getAttribute('data-src'));img.setAttribute('width',p.getAttribute('data-width'));img.setAttribute('height',p.getAttribute('data-height'));img.setAttribute('alt',p.getAttribute('data-alt'));p.parentNode.replaceChild(img,p);}}});</script> </body> </html>