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id="toc-Arrokoth" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arrokoth"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 Arrokoth </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arrokoth-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Shape" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shape"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Shape </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Shape-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Geology </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geology-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Geology subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Geology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Spectra_and_surface" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spectra_and_surface"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Spectra and surface </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spectra_and_surface-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Craters" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Craters"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Craters </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Craters-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Surface_features" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Surface_features"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Surface features </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Surface_features-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Internal_structure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Internal_structure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 Internal structure </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Internal_structure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Orbit_and_classification" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Orbit_and_classification"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Orbit and classification </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Orbit_and_classification-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rotation_and_temperature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rotation_and_temperature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Rotation and temperature </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rotation_and_temperature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mass_and_density" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mass_and_density"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Mass and density </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mass_and_density-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Formation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Formation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Formation </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Formation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Formation subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Formation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Flattening_and_merging" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Flattening_and_merging"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Flattening and merging </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Flattening_and_merging-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Observation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Observation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Observation </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Observation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Observation subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Observation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Discovery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Discovery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 Discovery </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Discovery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2017_occultations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2017_occultations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.2 2017 occultations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2017_occultations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2018_occultations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2018_occultations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.3 2018 occultations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2018_occultations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Exploration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Exploration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Exploration </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Exploration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Gallery </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">486958 Arrokoth</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 51 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-51" aria-hidden="true" > 51 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/486958_Arrokoth" title="486958 Arrokoth – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="486958 Arrokoth" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/(486958)_2014_MU69" title="(486958) 2014 MU69 – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="(486958) 2014 MU69" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/(486958)_Arrokoth" title="(486958) Arrokoth – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="(486958) Arrokoth" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/(486958)_2014_MU69" title="(486958) 2014 MU69 – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="(486958) 2014 MU69" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/(486958)_Arrokoth" title="(486958) Arrokoth – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="(486958) Arrokoth" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arrokoth_(planetka)" title="Arrokoth (planetka) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Arrokoth (planetka)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/486958_Arrokoth" title="486958 Arrokoth – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="486958 Arrokoth" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arrokoth" title="Arrokoth – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Arrokoth" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/(486958)_Arrokoth" title="(486958) Arrokoth – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="(486958) Arrokoth" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/486958_Arrokoth" title="486958 Arrokoth – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="486958 Arrokoth" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/486958_%CE%86%CF%81%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%BA%CE%BF%CE%B8" title="486958 Άρροκοθ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="486958 Άρροκοθ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/(486958)_Arrokoth" title="(486958) Arrokoth – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="(486958) Arrokoth" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/486958_Arrokoth" title="486958 Arrokoth – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="486958 Arrokoth" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arrokoth" title="Arrokoth – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Arrokoth" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%84%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%A7_%D8%AB%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C" title="آلتیما ثولی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آلتیما ثولی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/(486958)_Arrokoth" title="(486958) Arrokoth – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="(486958) Arrokoth" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/486958_Arrokoth" title="486958 Arrokoth – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="486958 Arrokoth" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/486958_%EC%95%84%EB%A1%9C%EC%BD%94%ED%8A%B8" title="486958 아로코트 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="486958 아로코트" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/(486958)_Arrokoth" title="(486958) Arrokoth – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="(486958) Arrokoth" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/486958_Arrokoth" title="486958 Arrokoth – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="486958 Arrokoth" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/486958_Arrokoth" title="486958 Arrokoth – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="486958 Arrokoth" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/486958_%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%AA%27" title="486958 ארוקות' – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="486958 ארוקות'" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/486958_Arrokoth" title="486958 Arrokoth – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="486958 Arrokoth" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/486958_Arrokoth" title="486958 Arrokoth – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="486958 Arrokoth" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/486958_Arrokots" title="486958 Arrokots – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="486958 Arrokots" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/(486958)_Arrokoth" title="(486958) Arrokoth – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="(486958) Arrokoth" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/486958_Arrokoth" title="486958 Arrokoth – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="486958 Arrokoth" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arrokoth" title="Arrokoth – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Arrokoth" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/486958_Arrokoth" title="486958 Arrokoth – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="486958 Arrokoth" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/486958_%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%82" title="486958 Арокот – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="486958 Арокот" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/(486958)_2014_MU69" title="(486958) 2014 MU69 – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="(486958) 2014 MU69" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arrokoth" title="Arrokoth – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Arrokoth" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%AD%E3%82%B3%E3%82%B9_(%E5%B0%8F%E6%83%91%E6%98%9F)" title="アロコス (小惑星) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アロコス (小惑星)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/486958_Arrokoth" title="486958 Arrokoth – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="486958 Arrokoth" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/486958_Arrokoth" title="486958 Arrokoth – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="486958 Arrokoth" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/(486958)_Arrokoth" title="(486958) Arrokoth – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="(486958) Arrokoth" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/(486958)_Arrokoth" title="(486958) Arrokoth – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="(486958) Arrokoth" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/486958_Arrokoth" title="486958 Arrokoth – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="486958 Arrokoth" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/486958_Arrokoth" title="486958 Arrokoth – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="486958 Arrokoth" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/486958_%D0%90%D1%80%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%82" title="486958 Аррокот – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="486958 Аррокот" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русиньскый</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/(486958)_%D0%90%D1%80%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%82" title="(486958) Аррокот – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="(486958) Аррокот" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/486958_Arrokoth" title="486958 Arrokoth – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="486958 Arrokoth" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/486958_Arrokoth" title="486958 Arrokoth – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="486958 Arrokoth" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/486958_Arrokoth" title="486958 Arrokoth – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="486958 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Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Kuiper belt object</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">486958 Arrokoth</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Ultima_Thule_New_Horizons_CA06_vertical.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Ultima_Thule_New_Horizons_CA06_vertical.png/290px-Ultima_Thule_New_Horizons_CA06_vertical.png" decoding="async" width="290" height="355" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Ultima_Thule_New_Horizons_CA06_vertical.png/435px-Ultima_Thule_New_Horizons_CA06_vertical.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Ultima_Thule_New_Horizons_CA06_vertical.png/580px-Ultima_Thule_New_Horizons_CA06_vertical.png 2x" data-file-width="1486" data-file-height="1818" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">Grayscale composite image of Arrokoth</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C2E0FF">Discovery <a href="#cite_note-jpldata-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-MPC-object-2">[2]</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_minor_planet_discoverers" title="List of minor planet discoverers">Discovered by</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marc_W._Buie" class="mw-redirect" title="Marc W. Buie">Marc W. Buie</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/New_Horizons_KBO_Search" class="mw-redirect" title="New Horizons KBO Search">New Horizons KBO Search</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_observatory_codes" title="List of observatory codes">Discovery site</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hubble_Space_Telescope" title="Hubble Space Telescope">Hubble Space Telescope</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;">Discovery date</th><td class="infobox-data">26 June 2014</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C2E0FF">Designations</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Minor-planet_designation" title="Minor-planet designation">MPC designation</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">(486958) Arrokoth</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;">Pronunciation</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˈærəkɒθ/</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Named after</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Powhatan_language" title="Powhatan language">Powhatan</a> word arrokoth, glossed 'sky' but probably meaning 'cloud'</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Provisional_designation_in_astronomy" title="Provisional designation in astronomy">Alternative designations</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>(486958) 2014 MU69</li><li>Ultima Thule (unofficial)<a href="#cite_note-Ultima_Thule-3">[3]</a></li><li>1110113Y</li><li>PT1</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Minor_planet#Populations" title="Minor planet">Minor planet category</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trans-Neptunian_object" title="Trans-Neptunian object">TNO</a><a href="#cite_note-jpldata-1">[1]</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Classical_Kuiper_belt_object" title="Classical Kuiper belt object">cubewano</a><a href="#cite_note-Buie-DES-4">[4]</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Distant_minor_planet" title="Distant minor planet">distant</a><a href="#cite_note-MPC-object-2">[2]</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C2E0FF"><a href="/wiki/Osculating_orbit" title="Osculating orbit">Orbital characteristics</a><a href="#cite_note-MPC-object-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-MPC-486958-5">[5]</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Epoch_(astronomy)" title="Epoch (astronomy)">Epoch</a> 27 April 2019 (<a href="/wiki/Julian_day" title="Julian day">JD</a> 2458600.5)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Uncertainty_parameter" title="Uncertainty parameter">Uncertainty parameter</a> 2</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><a href="/wiki/Observation_arc" title="Observation arc">Observation arc</a></th><td class="infobox-data">2.33 yr (851 days)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><a href="/wiki/Perihelion_and_aphelion" class="mw-redirect" title="Perihelion and aphelion">Aphelion</a></th><td class="infobox-data">46.442 <a href="/wiki/Astronomical_unit" title="Astronomical unit">AU</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><a href="/wiki/Perihelion_and_aphelion" class="mw-redirect" title="Perihelion and aphelion">Perihelion</a></th><td class="infobox-data">42.721 AU</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Semi-major_and_semi-minor_axes" title="Semi-major and semi-minor axes">Semi-major axis</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">44.581 AU</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><a href="/wiki/Orbital_eccentricity" title="Orbital eccentricity">Eccentricity</a></th><td class="infobox-data">0.04172</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Orbital_period" title="Orbital period">Orbital period (sidereal)</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">297.67 <a href="/wiki/Julian_year_(astronomy)" title="Julian year (astronomy)">yr</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Mean_anomaly#Mean_anomaly_at_epoch" title="Mean anomaly">Mean anomaly</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">316.551<a href="/wiki/Degree_(angle)" title="Degree (angle)">°</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Mean_motion" title="Mean motion">Mean motion</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">0° 0m 11.92s / day</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><a href="/wiki/Orbital_inclination" title="Orbital inclination">Inclination</a></th><td class="infobox-data">2.4512°</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Longitude_of_the_ascending_node" title="Longitude of the ascending node">Longitude of ascending node</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">158.998°</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Argument_of_periapsis" title="Argument of periapsis">Argument of perihelion</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">174.418°</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C2E0FF"><a href="/wiki/Standard_asteroid_physical_characteristics" title="Standard asteroid physical characteristics">Physical characteristics</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><a href="/wiki/Mean_radius_(astronomy)" title="Mean radius (astronomy)">Dimensions</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Overall best fit: 35.95 × 19.90 × 9.75 km<a href="#cite_note-Keane2022-6">[6]</a> Wenu 21.20 × 19.90 × 9.05 km<a href="#cite_note-Keane2022-6">[6]</a> Weeyo 15.75 × 13.85 × 9.75 km<a href="#cite_note-Keane2022-6">[6]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Mean_radius_(astronomy)" title="Mean radius (astronomy)">Mean diameter</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">Overall volume equivalent: 18.26 km<a href="#cite_note-Keane2022-6">[6]</a> Wenu 15.86 km<a href="#cite_note-Keane2022-6">[6]</a> Weeyo 12.79 km<a href="#cite_note-Keane2022-6">[6]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><a href="/wiki/Volume" title="Volume">Volume</a></th><td class="infobox-data">3185 km3<a href="#cite_note-Keane2022-6">[6]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><a href="/wiki/Mass" title="Mass">Mass</a></th><td class="infobox-data">~ 7.485×1014 kg (assumed nominal density)<a href="#cite_note-Keane2022-6">[6]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Mean <a href="/wiki/Density" title="Density">density</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">~ 0.235 g/cm3 (nominal) <a href="/wiki/Standard_deviation" title="Standard deviation">1-sigma</a> range: 0.155–0.600 g/cm3<a href="#cite_note-Keane2022-6">[6]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Equatorial <a href="/wiki/Standard_asteroid_physical_characteristics#Surface_gravity" title="Standard asteroid physical characteristics">surface gravity</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">~ 0.0001 g ~ 0.001 m/s2<a href="#cite_note-LPSC-2019-03-21-7">[7]</a>: 28:45 </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Synodic_rotation_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Synodic rotation period">Synodic rotation period</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">15.9380±0.0005 <a href="/wiki/Hour" title="Hour">h</a><a href="#cite_note-Buie2020-8">[8]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Axial_tilt" title="Axial tilt">Axial tilt</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">99.3°<a href="#cite_note-EPSC-DPS2019-311-9">[9]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">North pole <a href="/wiki/Right_ascension" title="Right ascension">right ascension</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">317.5°±1°<a href="#cite_note-aay3999-10">[10]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">North pole <a href="/wiki/Declination" title="Declination">declination</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">−24.89°±1°<a href="#cite_note-aay3999-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-EPSC-DPS2019-311-9">[9]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Geometric_albedo" title="Geometric albedo">Geometric albedo</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">0.21+0.05 −0.04 (<a href="/wiki/Geometric_albedo" title="Geometric albedo">geometric</a>)<a href="#cite_note-Hofgartner2020-11">[11]</a> 0.062±0.015 (<a href="/wiki/Bond_albedo" title="Bond albedo">Bond</a>)<a href="#cite_note-Hofgartner2020-11">[11]</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><table style="border-spacing: 0px; width:100%; border:none; margin:0; line-height:1.2em; white-space:nowrap"><tbody><tr> <th style="width:33%; padding-right:0.25em; text-align:left">Surface <a href="/wiki/Temperature" title="Temperature">temp.</a></th> <th style="padding-right:0.25em; text-align:center">min</th> <th style="padding-right:0.25em; text-align:center">mean</th> <th style="padding-right:0.25em; text-align:center">max</th> </tr><tr> <th style="padding-left:1.0em">(approx)</th> <td style="text-align:center">29 <a href="/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin">K</a></td> <td style="text-align:center">42 K</td> <td style="text-align:center">60 K</td> </tr> </tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Asteroid_spectral_types" title="Asteroid spectral types">Spectral type</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Trans-Neptunian_object#Colors" title="Trans-Neptunian object">V−I</a>=1.35<a href="#cite_note-Benecchi2019b-12">[12]</a> G−I=1.42±0.14<a href="#cite_note-Thirouin2019-13">[13]</a> G−R=0.95±0.14<a href="#cite_note-Thirouin2019-13">[13]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Apparent_magnitude" title="Apparent magnitude">Apparent magnitude</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">26.6<a href="#cite_note-Benecchi2019b-12">[12]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Absolute_magnitude#Solar_System_bodies_(H)" title="Absolute magnitude">Absolute magnitude (H)</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist">10.4 (<a href="/wiki/UBV_photometric_system" title="UBV photometric system">V-band</a>)<a href="#cite_note-Hofgartner2020-11">[11]</a> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> </div></td></tr></tbody></table> 486958 Arrokoth (<a href="/wiki/Provisional_designation_in_astronomy" title="Provisional designation in astronomy">provisional designation</a> 2014 MU69; formerly nicknamed Ultima Thule<a href="#cite_note-Pronunciation2-17">[a]</a>) is a <a href="/wiki/Trans-Neptunian_object" title="Trans-Neptunian object">trans-Neptunian object</a> located in the <a href="/wiki/Kuiper_belt" title="Kuiper belt">Kuiper belt</a>. Arrokoth became the farthest and most primitive <a href="/wiki/List_of_minor_planets_visited_by_spacecraft" class="mw-redirect" title="List of minor planets visited by spacecraft">object in the Solar System visited by a spacecraft</a> when the <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a> space probe <a href="/wiki/New_Horizons" title="New Horizons">New Horizons</a> conducted a flyby on 1 January 2019.<a href="#cite_note-explored-18">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-about-19">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-LPSC1611-20">[19]</a> Arrokoth is a <a href="/wiki/Contact_binary_(small_Solar_System_body)" title="Contact binary (small Solar System body)">contact binary</a> 36 km (22 mi) long, composed of two <a href="/wiki/Planetesimal" title="Planetesimal">planetesimals</a> 21 and 15 km (13 and 9 mi) across, that are joined along their major axes. With an <a href="/wiki/Orbital_period" title="Orbital period">orbital period</a> of about 298 years and a low <a href="/wiki/Orbital_inclination" title="Orbital inclination">orbital inclination</a> and <a href="/wiki/Orbital_eccentricity" title="Orbital eccentricity">eccentricity</a>, Arrokoth is classified as a <a href="/wiki/Cold_classical_Kuiper_belt_object" class="mw-redirect" title="Cold classical Kuiper belt object">cold classical Kuiper belt object</a>. Arrokoth was discovered on 26 June 2014 by astronomer <a href="/wiki/Marc_Buie" title="Marc Buie">Marc Buie</a> and the <a href="/wiki/New_Horizons_Search_Team" class="mw-redirect" title="New Horizons Search Team">New Horizons Search Team</a> using the <a href="/wiki/Hubble_Space_Telescope" title="Hubble Space Telescope">Hubble Space Telescope</a> as part of a search for a Kuiper-belt object for New Horizons to target in its first extended mission; it was chosen over two other candidates, <a href="/wiki/2014_OS393" title="2014 OS393">2014 OS393</a> and <a href="/wiki/2014_PN70" title="2014 PN70">2014 PN70</a>, to become the primary target of the mission.<a href="#cite_note-lauer-sciam-21">[20]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Name">Name</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=486958_Arrokoth&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Name">edit</a>]</div> When Arrokoth was first observed by the <a href="/wiki/Hubble_Space_Telescope" title="Hubble Space Telescope">Hubble Space Telescope</a> in 2014, it was designated 1110113Y in the context of the telescope's search for Kuiper belt objects,<a href="#cite_note-hubble_2_KBOs-22">[21]</a> and was nicknamed "11" for short.<a href="#cite_note-Buie-23">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-NASA-new-target-2015-24">[23]</a> Its existence as a potential target of the New Horizons probe was announced by <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a> in October 2014<a href="#cite_note-potential-KBOs-2014-25">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-Wall2014-26">[25]</a> and it was unofficially designated as "Potential Target 1", or PT1.<a href="#cite_note-NASA-new-target-2015-24">[23]</a> Its official <a href="/wiki/Provisional_designation_in_astronomy" title="Provisional designation in astronomy">provisional designation</a>, 2014 MU69, was assigned by the <a href="/wiki/Minor_Planet_Center" title="Minor Planet Center">Minor Planet Center</a> in March 2015, after sufficient orbital information had been gathered.<a href="#cite_note-NASA-new-target-2015-24">[23]</a> The provisional designation indicates that Arrokoth was the 1745th <a href="/wiki/Minor_planet" title="Minor planet">minor planet</a> to be assigned a provisional designation during the second half of June 2014.<a href="#cite_note-28">[b]</a> After further observations refining its orbit, it was given the permanent <a href="/wiki/Minor_planet_designation" class="mw-redirect" title="Minor planet designation">minor planet number</a> 486958 on 12 March 2017.<a href="#cite_note-MPC103886-29">[27]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ultima_Thule">Ultima Thule</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=486958_Arrokoth&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Ultima Thule">edit</a>]</div> Before the flyby on 1 January 2019, NASA invited suggestions from the public on a nickname to be used for the object.<a href="#cite_note-nickname-30">[28]</a> One of the choices, Ultima Thule,<a href="#cite_note-Pronunciation2-17">[a]</a> was selected on 13 March 2018.<a href="#cite_note-Ultima_Thule-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-Wall2018-31">[29]</a> <a href="/wiki/Thule" title="Thule">Thule</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greek language">Ancient Greek</a>: Θούλη, Thoúlē) is the northernmost location mentioned in <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_literature" title="Ancient Greek literature">ancient Greek</a> and <a href="/wiki/Latin_literature" title="Latin literature">Roman literature</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cartography" title="Cartography">cartography</a>, while in classical and medieval literature ultima Thule (Latin for 'farthermost Thule') acquired a metaphorical meaning of any distant place located beyond the "borders of the known world".<a href="#cite_note-32">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-Ultima_Thule-3">[3]</a> Once it was determined that the body was a bilobate contact binary, the New Horizons team nicknamed the larger <a href="/wiki/Lobus_(planetary_geology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lobus (planetary geology)">lobus</a> "Ultima" and the smaller lobus "Thule".<a href="#cite_note-OccultationRevisited-33">[31]</a> They are now formally named "Wenu" and "Weeyo", respectively.<a href="#cite_note-McKinnon2022-34">[32]</a> In November 2019, the <a href="/wiki/International_Astronomical_Union" title="International Astronomical Union">International Astronomical Union</a> (IAU) announced the object's permanent official name, Arrokoth.<a href="#cite_note-35">[33]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Arrokoth">Arrokoth</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=486958_Arrokoth&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Arrokoth">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2014_MU69_Naming_Ceremony_(NHQ201911120013).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/2014_MU69_Naming_Ceremony_%28NHQ201911120013%29.jpg/220px-2014_MU69_Naming_Ceremony_%28NHQ201911120013%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/2014_MU69_Naming_Ceremony_%28NHQ201911120013%29.jpg/330px-2014_MU69_Naming_Ceremony_%28NHQ201911120013%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/2014_MU69_Naming_Ceremony_%28NHQ201911120013%29.jpg/440px-2014_MU69_Naming_Ceremony_%28NHQ201911120013%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5128" data-file-height="3134" /></a><figcaption>Pamunkey tribal elder Reverend Nick Miles commencing the naming ceremony for Arrokoth</figcaption></figure> The name Arrokoth was chosen by the New Horizons team to represent the <a href="/wiki/Powhatan" title="Powhatan">Powhatan</a> people indigenous to the <a href="/wiki/Tidewater_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Tidewater region">Tidewater region</a> of Virginia and Maryland in the eastern United States.<a href="#cite_note-jhuapl-20191112-36">[34]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Hubble_Space_Telescope" title="Hubble Space Telescope">Hubble Space Telescope</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_University_Applied_Physics_Laboratory" class="mw-redirect" title="Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory">Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory</a>, which were prominently involved in Arrokoth's discovery, were both operated from the Tidewater region of Maryland.<a href="#cite_note-jhuapl-20191112-36">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-MPC118222-37">[35]</a> With the permission of the elders of the <a href="/wiki/Pamunkey_Indian_Tribe" class="mw-redirect" title="Pamunkey Indian Tribe">Pamunkey Indian Tribe</a> of the Powhatan nation, the name Arrokoth was proposed to the IAU and formally announced by the New Horizons team in a ceremony held at the <a href="/wiki/NASA_Headquarters" title="NASA Headquarters">NASA Headquarters</a> in the District of Columbia on 12 November 2019.<a href="#cite_note-jhuapl-20191112-36">[34]</a> Prior to the ceremony, the name was accepted by the IAU's <a href="/wiki/Minor_Planet_Center" title="Minor Planet Center">Minor Planet Center</a> on 8 November, and the New Horizons team's naming citation was published in a <a href="/wiki/Minor_Planet_Circular" class="mw-redirect" title="Minor Planet Circular">Minor Planet Circular</a> on 12 November.<a href="#cite_note-MPC118222-37">[35]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Powhatan_language" title="Powhatan language">Powhatan language</a> became extinct in the late 18th century and little was recorded of it. In an old word list, arrokoth is glossed as 'sky', and this was the meaning intended by the New Horizons team, but it would seem that it actually meant 'cloud'.<a href="#cite_note-40">[c]</a> <div style="clear:left;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Shape">Shape</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=486958_Arrokoth&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Shape">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Arrokoth_Shape_Model.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Arrokoth_Shape_Model.jpg/330px-Arrokoth_Shape_Model.jpg" decoding="async" width="330" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Arrokoth_Shape_Model.jpg/495px-Arrokoth_Shape_Model.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Arrokoth_Shape_Model.jpg/660px-Arrokoth_Shape_Model.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1166" data-file-height="588" /></a><figcaption>Shape model of Arrokoth, colored to show variations in <a href="/wiki/Geopotential_height" title="Geopotential height">geopotential elevation</a> across its surface<a href="#cite_note-aay3999-10">[10]</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MU69_simulated_3D.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/3d/MU69_simulated_3D.gif/170px-MU69_simulated_3D.gif" decoding="async" width="170" height="204" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/3d/MU69_simulated_3D.gif/255px-MU69_simulated_3D.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/3d/MU69_simulated_3D.gif/340px-MU69_simulated_3D.gif 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="720" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Stereoscopy" title="Stereoscopy">Stereoscopic</a> animation of two <a href="/wiki/Long_Range_Reconnaissance_Imager" title="Long Range Reconnaissance Imager">LORRI</a> images <a href="/wiki/File:NASA-UltimaThule-3D-NewHorizons-20190307.png" title="File:NASA-UltimaThule-3D-NewHorizons-20190307.png">(3D version)</a></figcaption></figure> Arrokoth is a contact binary consisting of two lobes (lobi) attached by a narrow neck or waist, which is encircled by a bright band named Akasa Linea.<a href="#cite_note-OccultationRevisited-33">[31]</a> The lobi were likely once two objects that later merged in a slow collision.<a href="#cite_note-SP-20190104-41">[38]</a> The larger lobus, Wenu, is measured at about 21.6 km (13.4 mi) across its longest axis<a href="#cite_note-eaaw9771-42">[39]</a> while the smaller lobus, Weeyo, is measured at 15.4 km (9.6 mi) across its longest axis.<a href="#cite_note-EPSC-DPS2019-896-43">[40]</a> Wenu is lenticular in shape, being highly flattened and moderately elongated.<a href="#cite_note-eaaw9771-42">[39]</a> Based on shape models of Arrokoth constructed from images taken by the New Horizons spacecraft, the dimensions of Wenu are approximately 21 km × 20 km × 9 km (13.0 mi × 12.4 mi × 5.6 mi). In contrast, Weeyo is less flattened, with dimensions of 15 km × 14 km × 10 km (9.3 mi × 8.7 mi × 6.2 mi). As a whole, Arrokoth is 36 km (22 mi) across its longest axis and is about 10 km (6.2 mi) thick, with the centers of the lobi separated from each other by 17.2 km (10.7 mi).<a href="#cite_note-aay3999-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-eaay6620-44">[41]</a> Given the volume equivalent lobus diameters of 15.9 km (9.9 mi) and 12.9 km (8.0 mi), the volume ratio of Wenu to the smaller Weeyo is approximately 1.9:1.0, meaning that Wenu's volume is nearly twice that of Weeyo. Overall, the volume of Arrokoth is around 3,210 km3 (770 cu mi), though this estimate is largely uncertain due to weak constraints on the thicknesses of the lobi.<a href="#cite_note-eaay6620-44">[41]</a> Prior to the New Horizons flyby of Arrokoth, stellar <a href="/wiki/Occultation" title="Occultation">occultations</a> by Arrokoth had provided evidence for its bilobate shape.<a href="#cite_note-Keeter2017-45">[42]</a> The first detailed image of Arrokoth confirmed its double-lobed appearance and was described as a "snowman" by Alan Stern, as the lobi appeared distinctively spherical.<a href="#cite_note-NYT-20190103-kc-46">[43]</a> On 8 February 2019, one month after the New Horizons flyby, Arrokoth was found to be more flattened than initially thought, based on additional images of Arrokoth taken by New Horizons after its closest approach. The flattened lobus Wenu was described as a "pancake", while Weeyo was described as a "walnut" as it appeared less flattened. By observing how the unseen sections of Arrokoth <a href="/wiki/Occultation" title="Occultation">occulted</a> background stars, scientists were able to then outline the shapes of both lobi.<a href="#cite_note-Keeter2019-47">[44]</a> The cause of Arrokoth's unexpectedly flattened shape is uncertain, with various explanations including sublimation or <a href="/wiki/Centrifugal_force" title="Centrifugal force">centrifugal forces</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Zhao2020-48">[45]</a><a href="#cite_note-Grossman20190318-49">[46]</a> The longest axes of the lobi are nearly aligned with the <a href="/wiki/Rotational_axis" class="mw-redirect" title="Rotational axis">rotational axis</a>, which is situated between them.<a href="#cite_note-eaaw9771-42">[39]</a> This near-parallel alignment of the lobi suggests that they were <a href="/wiki/Tidal_locking" title="Tidal locking">mutually locked</a> to each other, likely due to <a href="/wiki/Tidal_forces" class="mw-redirect" title="Tidal forces">tidal forces</a>, before merging.<a href="#cite_note-eaaw9771-42">[39]</a> The alignment of the lobi supports the idea that the two had individually formed from the coalescence of a cloud of icy particles.<a href="#cite_note-NYT-20190318kc-50">[47]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geology">Geology</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=486958_Arrokoth&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Geology">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Spectra_and_surface">Spectra and surface</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=486958_Arrokoth&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Spectra and surface">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:432px;max-width:432px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:142px;max-width:142px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:UltimaThule-ColorVariation-20190318_(cropped).png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/UltimaThule-ColorVariation-20190318_%28cropped%29.png/140px-UltimaThule-ColorVariation-20190318_%28cropped%29.png" decoding="async" width="140" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/UltimaThule-ColorVariation-20190318_%28cropped%29.png/210px-UltimaThule-ColorVariation-20190318_%28cropped%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/UltimaThule-ColorVariation-20190318_%28cropped%29.png/280px-UltimaThule-ColorVariation-20190318_%28cropped%29.png 2x" data-file-width="925" data-file-height="925" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:142px;max-width:142px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:UltimaThule-MVIC-color-20190318.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/UltimaThule-MVIC-color-20190318.jpg/140px-UltimaThule-MVIC-color-20190318.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/UltimaThule-MVIC-color-20190318.jpg/210px-UltimaThule-MVIC-color-20190318.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/UltimaThule-MVIC-color-20190318.jpg/280px-UltimaThule-MVIC-color-20190318.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="800" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:142px;max-width:142px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:UltimaThule-MVIC-20190318_(cropped).png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/UltimaThule-MVIC-20190318_%28cropped%29.png/140px-UltimaThule-MVIC-20190318_%28cropped%29.png" decoding="async" width="140" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/UltimaThule-MVIC-20190318_%28cropped%29.png/210px-UltimaThule-MVIC-20190318_%28cropped%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/UltimaThule-MVIC-20190318_%28cropped%29.png/280px-UltimaThule-MVIC-20190318_%28cropped%29.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="800" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Ralph_(New_Horizons)" title="Ralph (New Horizons)">MVIC</a> color and spectral images of Arrokoth, showing subtle color variations across its surface. The third image is the same MVIC color image superimposed on the higher resolution black and white <a href="/wiki/Long_Range_Reconnaissance_Imager" title="Long Range Reconnaissance Imager">LORRI</a> image.<a href="#cite_note-51">[d]</a></div></div></div></div> Measurements of Arrokoth's <a href="/wiki/Absorption_spectrum" class="mw-redirect" title="Absorption spectrum">absorption spectrum</a> by New Horizons's <a href="/wiki/Ralph_(New_Horizons)" title="Ralph (New Horizons)">LEISA</a> <a href="/wiki/Spectrometer" title="Spectrometer">spectrometer</a> show that Arrokoth's spectrum exhibits a strong red <a href="/wiki/Spectral_slope" title="Spectral slope">spectral slope</a> extending from red to <a href="/wiki/Infrared" title="Infrared">infrared</a> <a href="/wiki/Wavelength" title="Wavelength">wavelengths</a> at 1.2–2.5 <a href="/wiki/Micrometre" title="Micrometre">μm</a>.<a href="#cite_note-eaaw9771-42">[39]</a> Spectral measurements from LEISA revealed the presence of <a href="/wiki/Methanol" title="Methanol">methanol</a> and complex <a href="/wiki/Organic_compounds" class="mw-redirect" title="Organic compounds">organic compounds</a> on the surface of Arrokoth, but no evidence of water ice.<a href="#cite_note-eaay3705-52">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-Lyra2020-53">[49]</a> One particular <a href="/wiki/Absorption_band" title="Absorption band">absorption band</a> in Arrokoth's spectrum at 1.8 μm indicates that these organic compounds are <a href="/wiki/Sulfur" title="Sulfur">sulfur</a>-rich.<a href="#cite_note-Mahjoub2021-54">[50]</a> Given the abundance of methanol on Arrokoth's surface, it is predicted that <a href="/wiki/Formaldehyde" title="Formaldehyde">formaldehyde</a>-based compounds resulting from irradiation should also be present, albeit in the form of complex <a href="/wiki/Macromolecule" title="Macromolecule">macromolecules</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Lisse2020-55">[51]</a> Arrokoth's spectrum shares similarities with that of <a href="/wiki/(55638)_2002_VE95" title="(55638) 2002 VE95">2002 VE95</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Centaur_(minor_planet)" class="mw-redirect" title="Centaur (minor planet)">centaur</a> <a href="/wiki/5145_Pholus" title="5145 Pholus">5145 Pholus</a>, which also display strong red spectral slopes along with signs of methanol present on their surfaces.<a href="#cite_note-eaaw9771-42">[39]</a> Preliminary observations by the <a href="/wiki/Hubble_Space_Telescope" title="Hubble Space Telescope">Hubble Space Telescope</a> in 2016 revealed that Arrokoth has a red coloration, similar to other Kuiper belt objects and <a href="/wiki/Centaur_(small_Solar_System_body)" title="Centaur (small Solar System body)">centaurs</a> like <a href="/wiki/5145_Pholus" title="5145 Pholus">Pholus</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NASA-20161018-56">[52]</a><a href="#cite_note-eaaw9771-42">[39]</a> Arrokoth's color is redder than that of <a href="/wiki/Pluto" title="Pluto">Pluto</a>, thus it belongs to the "ultra red" population of cold classical Kuiper belt objects.<a href="#cite_note-prehistoricpuzzle-57">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-eaba6889-58">[54]</a> The red coloration of Arrokoth is caused by the presence of a mix of complex organic compounds called <a href="/wiki/Tholin" title="Tholin">tholins</a>, which are produced from the <a href="/wiki/Photolysis" class="mw-redirect" title="Photolysis">photolysis</a> of various simple organic and <a href="/wiki/Volatile_(astrogeology)" title="Volatile (astrogeology)">volatile</a> compounds by <a href="/wiki/Cosmic_ray" title="Cosmic ray">cosmic rays</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ultraviolet" title="Ultraviolet">ultraviolet</a> solar radiation. The presence of sulfur-rich tholins on Arrokoth's surface implies that volatiles such as methane, <a href="/wiki/Ammonia" title="Ammonia">ammonia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_sulfide" title="Hydrogen sulfide">hydrogen sulfide</a> were once present on Arrokoth, but were quickly lost due to Arrokoth's small mass.<a href="#cite_note-LPSC2051-59">[55]</a><a href="#cite_note-Mahjoub2021-54">[50]</a> However, less volatile materials such as methanol, <a href="/wiki/Acetylene" title="Acetylene">acetylene</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ethane" title="Ethane">ethane</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_cyanide" title="Hydrogen cyanide">hydrogen cyanide</a> could be retained over a longer period of time, and may likely account for the reddening and production of tholins on Arrokoth.<a href="#cite_note-eaaw9771-42">[39]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Photoionization" title="Photoionization">photoionization</a> of organic compounds and volatiles on Arrokoth was also thought to produce <a href="/wiki/Hydrogen" title="Hydrogen">hydrogen</a> gas that would interact with the <a href="/wiki/Solar_wind" title="Solar wind">solar wind</a>, though New Horizons's <a href="/wiki/SWAP_(New_Horizons)" title="SWAP (New Horizons)">SWAP</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pluto_Energetic_Particle_Spectrometer_Science_Investigation" title="Pluto Energetic Particle Spectrometer Science Investigation">PEPSSI</a> instruments did not detect any signature of solar wind interaction around Arrokoth.<a href="#cite_note-eaaw9771-42">[39]</a> From color and spectral measurements of Arrokoth, the surface displays subtle color variation among its surface features.<a href="#cite_note-eaay3705-52">[48]</a> <a href="/wiki/Spectral_imaging" title="Spectral imaging">Spectral images</a> of Arrokoth show that the Akasa (neck) region and <a href="/wiki/Lineation_(geology)" title="Lineation (geology)">lineation</a> features appear less red compared to the central region of the smaller lobe Weeyo. The larger lobe Wenu also displays redder regions, informally known as "thumbprints" by the New Horizons team. The thumbprint features are located near Wenu's limb.<a href="#cite_note-LPSC-2019-03-21-7">[7]</a> The surface <a href="/wiki/Albedo" title="Albedo">albedo</a> or reflectivity of Arrokoth varies from 5 percent to 12 percent due to various bright features on its surface.<a href="#cite_note-eaaw9771-42">[39]</a> Its overall <a href="/wiki/Geometric_albedo" title="Geometric albedo">geometric albedo</a>, the quantity of reflected light in visible spectrum, is measured at 21 percent, typical for most Kuiper belt objects.<a href="#cite_note-Hofgartner2020-11">[11]</a> The overall <a href="/wiki/Bond_albedo" title="Bond albedo">Bond albedo</a> (the quantity of reflected light of any wavelength) of Arrokoth is measured at 6.3 percent.<a href="#cite_note-Hofgartner2020-11">[11]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Craters">Craters</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=486958_Arrokoth&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Craters">edit</a>]</div> The surface of Arrokoth is lightly cratered and smooth in appearance.<a href="#cite_note-aay3999-10">[10]</a> Arrokoth's surface has few small craters (from 1 km (0.62 mi) in size to the limits of photographic resolution), implying a paucity of impacts throughout its history.<a href="#cite_note-EPSC-DPS2019-1235-60">[56]</a> The occurrence of <a href="/wiki/Impact_event" title="Impact event">impact events</a> in the Kuiper belt is thought to be uncommon, with a very low impact rate over the course of one billion years.<a href="#cite_note-craterdensity-61">[57]</a> Due to the slower <a href="/wiki/Orbital_speed" title="Orbital speed">orbital speeds</a> of Kuiper belt objects, the speed of objects impacting Arrokoth is expected to be low, with typical impact speeds around 300 m/s (980 ft/s).<a href="#cite_note-craterdensity-61">[57]</a> At such slow impact speeds, large craters on Arrokoth are expected to be rare. With a low frequency of impact events along with the slow speeds of impacts, Arrokoth's surface would remain preserved since its formation. The preserved surface of Arrokoth could possibly give hints to its formation process, as well as signs of <a href="/wiki/Accretion_(astrophysics)" title="Accretion (astrophysics)">accreted</a> material.<a href="#cite_note-craterdensity-61">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-OccultationRevisited-33">[31]</a> Numerous small pits on Arrokoth's surface were identified in high resolution images from the New Horizons spacecraft.<a href="#cite_note-bestview-62">[58]</a><a href="#cite_note-jhuapl-20190222-63">[59]</a> The size of these pits are measured at about 700 m (2,300 ft) across.<a href="#cite_note-bestview-62">[58]</a> The exact cause of these pits is unknown; several explanations for these pits include impact events, the collapse of material, the <a href="/wiki/Volcanic_sublimate" class="mw-redirect" title="Volcanic sublimate">sublimation</a> of volatile materials, or the venting and escape of volatile gases from the interior of Arrokoth.<a href="#cite_note-bestview-62">[58]</a><a href="#cite_note-jhuapl-20190222-63">[59]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Surface_features">Surface features</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=486958_Arrokoth&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Surface features">edit</a>]</div> <div id="geology-image"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NASA-UltimaThule-Geology-NewHorizons-20190318.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/NASA-UltimaThule-Geology-NewHorizons-20190318.jpg/440px-NASA-UltimaThule-Geology-NewHorizons-20190318.jpg" decoding="async" width="440" height="248" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/NASA-UltimaThule-Geology-NewHorizons-20190318.jpg/660px-NASA-UltimaThule-Geology-NewHorizons-20190318.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/NASA-UltimaThule-Geology-NewHorizons-20190318.jpg/880px-NASA-UltimaThule-Geology-NewHorizons-20190318.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="720" /></a><figcaption>The geology of Arrokoth, with comet <a href="/wiki/67P" class="mw-redirect" title="67P">67P</a> to scale. Weeyo is depicted in cool colors (blues and greens) and Wenu in warm (yellows and reds). The labels 'bm', 'dm', 'pm', 'rm' and 'um' indicate bright, dark, patterned (mottled), rough and undifferentiated material, respectively. The eight rolling topographic units 'ma' to 'mh' may be the ancestral building blocks of Wenu.<a href="#cite_note-eaaw9771-42">[39]</a> 'sp' are small pits/craters. Green 'lc' (large crater) is Sky, the yellow bright material at the neck is Akasa Linea, and the ring surrounding the purple unit 'mh' is Kaʼan Arcus.</figcaption></figure></div> The surfaces of each lobus of Arrokoth display regions of varying brightness along with various <a href="/wiki/Geological_feature" class="mw-redirect" title="Geological feature">geological features</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Trough_(geology)" title="Trough (geology)">troughs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hill" title="Hill">hills</a>.<a href="#cite_note-eaaw9771-42">[39]</a><a href="#cite_note-EPSC-DPS2019-50-64">[60]</a> These geological features are thought to have originated from the clumping of smaller planetesimals that come to form the lobi of Arrokoth.<a href="#cite_note-EPSC-DPS2019-896-43">[40]</a> The brighter regions of Arrokoth's surface, especially its bright lineation features, are thought to have resulted from the deposition of material that have rolled down from hills on Arrokoth,<a href="#cite_note-prehistoricpuzzle-57">[53]</a> as <a href="/wiki/Surface_gravity" title="Surface gravity">surface gravity</a> on Arrokoth is sufficient for this to occur.<a href="#cite_note-LPSC-2019-03-21-7">[7]</a> The smaller lobus, Weeyo, bears a large <a href="/wiki/Depression_(geology)" title="Depression (geology)">depression</a> feature named 'Sky' (previously dubbed 'Maryland' after the home state of the New Horizons team).<a href="#cite_note-perspective2021-65">[61]</a><a href="#cite_note-prehistoricpuzzle-57">[53]</a> Assuming Sky has a circular shape, its diameter is 6.7 km (4.2 mi), with a depth of 0.51 km (0.32 mi).<a href="#cite_note-aay3999-10">[10]</a> Sky is likely an impact crater that was formed by an object 700 m (2,000 ft) across.<a href="#cite_note-Grossman20190129-66">[62]</a> Two notably bright streaks of similar size are present within Sky, and may be remnants of <a href="/wiki/Avalanches" class="mw-redirect" title="Avalanches">avalanches</a> where bright material rolled into the depression.<a href="#cite_note-eaaw9771-42">[39]</a> Four subparallel troughs are present near the <a href="/wiki/Terminator_(solar)" title="Terminator (solar)">terminator</a> of Weeyo, along with two possible kilometer-sized impact craters on the <a href="/wiki/Rim_(crater)" title="Rim (crater)">rim</a> of Sky.<a href="#cite_note-EPSC-DPS2019-50-64">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-eaaw9771-42">[39]</a> The surface of Weeyo exhibits bright mottled regions separated by broad, dark regions (<a href="#geology-image">dm</a>) which may have undergone <a href="/wiki/Scarp_retreat" title="Scarp retreat">scarp retreat</a>, in which they were eroded due to the sublimation of volatiles, exposing <a href="/wiki/Lag_deposit" title="Lag deposit">lag deposits</a> of darker material irradiated by sunlight.<a href="#cite_note-EPSC-DPS2019-50-64">[60]</a> Another bright region (<a href="#geology-image">rm</a>), located at the equatorial end of Weeyo, exhibits rough terrain along with several topographic features that have been identified as possible pits, craters, or mounds.<a href="#cite_note-eaaw9771-42">[39]</a> Weeyo does not display distinct units of rolling topography near Sky, likely as a result of resurfacing caused by the impact event that created the crater.<a href="#cite_note-eaaw9771-42">[39]</a> As on Weeyo, troughs and pit crater chains are also present along the terminator of the larger lobus Wenu. Wenu consists of eight distinctive units or blocks of rolling topography, each similarly sized at around 5 km (3.1 mi).<a href="#cite_note-eaaw9771-42">[39]</a> The units are separated by relatively bright boundary regions.<a href="#cite_note-eaaw9771-42">[39]</a> The similar sizes of the units suggests that each was once a small planetesimal, and that they coalesced to form Wenu.<a href="#cite_note-eaaw9771-42">[39]</a> The planetesimals are expected to have accreted slowly by astronomical standards (at speeds of several meters per second), though they must have a very low <a href="/wiki/Strength_of_materials" title="Strength of materials">mechanical strength</a> in order to merge and form compact bodies at these speeds.<a href="#cite_note-eaaw9771-42">[39]</a> The central unit ('mh') is encircled by a bright annular feature, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ka%CA%BCan_Arcus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kaʼan Arcus (page does not exist)">Kaʼan Arcus</a> (initially dubbed "The Road to Nowhere").<a href="#cite_note-jhuapl-20190222-63">[59]</a><a href="#cite_note-LPSC-2019-03-21-7">[7]</a> From stereographic analysis, the central unit appears to be relatively flat compared to the surrounding units.<a href="#cite_note-eaaw9771-42">[39]</a> Stereographic analysis of Arrokoth has also shown that one particular unit located at Wenu's limb ('md') appears to have a higher elevation and tilt than the others.<a href="#cite_note-eaaw9771-42">[39]</a> Akasa Linea, the neck region connecting the two lobi, has a brighter and less red appearance than the surfaces of either lobus.<a href="#cite_note-Beatty20190104-67">[63]</a> The brightness of Akasa Linea is likely due to a composition of a more reflective material than the surfaces of the lobi. One hypothesis suggests the bright material originated in the deposition of small particles that had fallen from the lobi over time.<a href="#cite_note-LPSC1742-68">[64]</a> Since Arrokoth's <a href="/wiki/Barycenter" class="mw-redirect" title="Barycenter">center of gravity</a> lies between the lobi, small particles are likely to roll down the steep slopes toward the center between each lobus.<a href="#cite_note-Beatty20190104-67">[63]</a> Another proposal suggests the bright material is produced by the deposition of <a href="/wiki/Ammonia" title="Ammonia">ammonia</a> ice.<a href="#cite_note-necklace-69">[65]</a> Ammonia vapor present on the surface of Arrokoth would solidify around Akasa Linea, where gases cannot escape due to the concave shape of the neck.<a href="#cite_note-necklace-69">[65]</a> The brightness of Akasa is thought to be maintained by high seasonal <a href="/wiki/Axial_tilt" title="Axial tilt">axial tilt</a> as Arrokoth orbits around the Sun.<a href="#cite_note-EPSC-DPS2019-1055-70">[66]</a> Over the course of its orbit, Akasa Linea is shadowed when the lobi are coplanar to the direction of the Sun, at which times the neck region receives no sunlight, cooling and trapping volatiles in the region.<a href="#cite_note-EPSC-DPS2019-1055-70">[66]</a> In May 2020, the IAU's <a href="/wiki/Working_Group_for_Planetary_System_Nomenclature" class="mw-redirect" title="Working Group for Planetary System Nomenclature">Working Group for Planetary System Nomenclature</a> (WGPSN) formally established a naming theme for all features of Arrokoth, which are to be named after words for "sky" in the languages of the world, past and present.<a href="#cite_note-IAU-F2-report-71">[67]</a> In 2021, the first few names were approved, including Sky Crater on the small lobe, later named Weeyo Lobus.<a href="#cite_note-perspective2021-65">[61]</a> In 2022, Kaʼan Arcus was approved for the circular arc on Wenu Lobus.<a href="#cite_note-SciNews-20220216-72">[68]</a> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Named features </caption> <tbody><tr> <th width="100">Name</th> <th>Feature</th> <th>Named after</th> <th>Name approved (Date · Ref) </th></tr> <tr> <td>Wenu Lobus</td> <td>the larger lobe of Arrokoth, provisionally "Ultima"</td> <td>wenu, the <a href="/wiki/Mapudungun" class="mw-redirect" title="Mapudungun">Mapudungun</a> word for 'sky, above'</td> <td>11 April 2022<a href="#cite_note-73">[69]</a><a href="#cite_note-McKinnon2022-34">[32]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Weeyo Lobus</td> <td>the smaller lobe, provisionally "Thule"</td> <td>𞤱𞤫𞥅𞤴𞤮 weeyo, the <a href="/wiki/Pulaar_language" title="Pulaar language">Pulaar</a> word for 'sky'</td> <td>11 April 2022<a href="#cite_note-74">[70]</a><a href="#cite_note-McKinnon2022-34">[32]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Akasa Linea</td> <td>the bright ring on the neck between the lobi</td> <td><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B6" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:আকাশ">আকাশ</a> akaś, the <a href="/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Bengali</a> word for 'sky'</td> <td>2 September 2021<a href="#cite_note-75">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-Keane2022-6">[6]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kaʼan <a href="/wiki/Arcus_(planetary_geology)" title="Arcus (planetary geology)">Arcus</a></td> <td>the circular linea (the "Road to Nowhere") in the center of Wenu</td> <td>kaʼan, the <a href="/wiki/Yucatec_Maya_language" title="Yucatec Maya language">Mayan</a> word for 'sky'; near homonym for 'snake' (see <a href="/wiki/Ouroboros" title="Ouroboros">ouroboros</a>)</td> <td>2 September 2021<a href="#cite_note-76">[72]</a><a href="#cite_note-Keane2022-6">[6]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sky</td> <td>the large compaction crater on Weeyo</td> <td>The English word '<a href="/wiki/Sky" title="Sky">sky</a>'</td> <td>2 September 2021<a href="#cite_note-77">[73]</a><a href="#cite_note-Keane2022-6">[6]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Internal_structure">Internal structure</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=486958_Arrokoth&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Internal structure">edit</a>]</div> Topography variations at the limb of Arrokoth suggest that its interior is likely composed of mechanically strong material consisting of mostly <a href="/wiki/Amorphous_ice" class="mw-redirect" title="Amorphous ice">amorphous water ice</a> and rocky material.<a href="#cite_note-LPSC1742-68">[64]</a><a href="#cite_note-Prentice2019-78">[74]</a> Trace amounts of methane and other volatile gases in the form of vapors may also be present in Arrokoth's interior, trapped in water ice.<a href="#cite_note-Prentice2019-78">[74]</a> Under the assumption that Arrokoth has a low comet-like density of around 0.5 g/cm3, its internal structure is expected to be <a href="/wiki/Porosity" title="Porosity">porous</a>, as volatile gases trapped in Arrokoth's interior are thought to escape from the interior to the surface.<a href="#cite_note-eaaw9771-42">[39]</a><a href="#cite_note-Prentice2019-78">[74]</a> Assuming that Arrokoth may have an internal heat source caused by the <a href="/wiki/Radioactive_decay" title="Radioactive decay">radioactive decay</a> of <a href="/wiki/Radionuclide" title="Radionuclide">radionuclides</a>, the trapped volatile gases inside Arrokoth would migrate outward and escape from the surface, similarly to the scenario of <a href="/wiki/Outgassing" title="Outgassing">outgassing</a> of <a href="/wiki/Comet" title="Comet">comets</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Prentice2019-78">[74]</a> The escaped gases may subsequently freeze and deposit on Arrokoth's surface, and could possibly account for the presence of ices and tholins on its surface.<a href="#cite_note-Prentice2019-78">[74]</a><a href="#cite_note-LPSC2051-59">[55]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Orbit_and_classification">Orbit and classification</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=486958_Arrokoth&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Orbit and classification">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:528px;max-width:528px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:232px;max-width:232px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:New_Horizons_potential_targets_1-3.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/New_Horizons_potential_targets_1-3.png/230px-New_Horizons_potential_targets_1-3.png" decoding="async" width="230" height="217" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/New_Horizons_potential_targets_1-3.png/345px-New_Horizons_potential_targets_1-3.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/New_Horizons_potential_targets_1-3.png/460px-New_Horizons_potential_targets_1-3.png 2x" data-file-width="918" data-file-height="868" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">The orbits of New Horizons potential targets 1 to 3. Arrokoth (PT1) is in blue, <a href="/wiki/2014_OS393" title="2014 OS393">2014 OS393</a> (PT2) is in red, and <a href="/wiki/2014_PN70" title="2014 PN70">2014 PN70</a> (PT3) is in green.</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:292px;max-width:292px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Animation_of_New_Horizons_trajectory.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Animation_of_New_Horizons_trajectory.gif/290px-Animation_of_New_Horizons_trajectory.gif" decoding="async" width="290" height="218" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Animation_of_New_Horizons_trajectory.gif/435px-Animation_of_New_Horizons_trajectory.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8e/Animation_of_New_Horizons_trajectory.gif 2x" data-file-width="560" data-file-height="420" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">Animation of New Horizons's trajectory from January 19, 2006 to December 30, 2030 <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style>   New Horizons  · <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959">  486958 Arrokoth · <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959">  <a href="/wiki/Earth" title="Earth">Earth</a> · <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959">  <a href="/wiki/132524_APL" title="132524 APL">132524 APL</a> · <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959">  <a href="/wiki/Jupiter" title="Jupiter">Jupiter</a>  · <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959">  <a href="/wiki/Pluto" title="Pluto">Pluto</a> </div></div></div></div></div> Arrokoth orbits the Sun at an average distance of 44.6 <a href="/wiki/Astronomical_unit" title="Astronomical unit">astronomical units</a> (6.67×10<s style="display:none">^</s>9 km; 4.15×10<s style="display:none">^</s>9 mi), taking 297.7 years to complete a full orbit around the Sun. Having a low <a href="/wiki/Orbital_eccentricity" title="Orbital eccentricity">orbital eccentricity</a> of 0.042, Arrokoth follows a nearly circular orbit around the Sun, only slightly varying in distance from 42.7 AU at <a href="/wiki/Perihelion" class="mw-redirect" title="Perihelion">perihelion</a> to 46.4 AU at <a href="/wiki/Aphelion" class="mw-redirect" title="Aphelion">aphelion</a>.<a href="#cite_note-MPC-486958-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-MPC-object-2">[2]</a> Because Arrokoth has a low orbital eccentricity, it does not approach close enough to <a href="/wiki/Neptune" title="Neptune">Neptune</a> for its orbit to become <a href="/wiki/Perturbation_(astronomy)" title="Perturbation (astronomy)">perturbed</a>. (Arrokoth's <a href="/wiki/Minimum_orbital_intersection_distance" class="mw-redirect" title="Minimum orbital intersection distance">minimum orbital intersection distance</a> from Neptune is 12.75 AU.)<a href="#cite_note-MPC-object-2">[2]</a> Arrokoth's orbit appears to be stable over the long term; simulations by the <a href="/wiki/Deep_Ecliptic_Survey" title="Deep Ecliptic Survey">Deep Ecliptic Survey</a> show that its orbit will not significantly change over the next 10 million years.<a href="#cite_note-Buie-DES-4">[4]</a> At the time of the New Horizons flyby in January 2019, Arrokoth's distance from the Sun was 43.28 AU (6.47×10<s style="display:none">^</s>9 km; 4.02×10<s style="display:none">^</s>9 mi).<a href="#cite_note-MP-Ephemeris-79">[75]</a> At this distance, light from the Sun takes over six hours to reach Arrokoth.<a href="#cite_note-Davis2018-80">[76]</a><a href="#cite_note-TheSkyLive-81">[77]</a> Arrokoth has last passed aphelion around 1906 and is currently approaching the Sun at a rate of approximately 0.13 AU per year, or about 0.6 kilometers per second (1,300 mph).<a href="#cite_note-MP-Ephemeris-79">[75]</a> Arrokoth will approach perihelion by 2055.<a href="#cite_note-MPC-object-2">[2]</a> Having an <a href="/wiki/Observation_arc" title="Observation arc">observation arc</a> of 851 days, Arrokoth's orbit is fairly well-determined, with an <a href="/wiki/Uncertainty_parameter" title="Uncertainty parameter">uncertainty parameter</a> of 2 according to the Minor Planet Center.<a href="#cite_note-MPC-object-2">[2]</a> Hubble Space Telescope observations in May and July 2015 as well as in July and October 2016 have greatly reduced the uncertainties in Arrokoth's orbit, which prompted the Minor Planet Center to assign its permanent minor planet number.<a href="#cite_note-Lakdawalla2015-82">[78]</a><a href="#cite_note-MPC103886-29">[27]</a> In contrast to the orbit calculated by the Minor Planet Center, Arrokoth's observation arc in the <a href="/wiki/JPL_Small-Body_Database" title="JPL Small-Body Database">JPL Small-Body Database</a> does not include these additional observations and purports the orbit to be highly uncertain, with an uncertainty parameter of 5.<a href="#cite_note-jpldata-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-83">[e]</a> Arrokoth is generally classified as a <a href="/wiki/Distant_minor_planet" title="Distant minor planet">distant minor planet</a> or <a href="/wiki/Trans-Neptunian_object" title="Trans-Neptunian object">trans-Neptunian object</a> by the Minor Planet Center as it orbits in the outer Solar System beyond Neptune.<a href="#cite_note-MPC-object-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-jpldata-1">[1]</a> Having a non-resonant orbit within the <a href="/wiki/Kuiper_belt" title="Kuiper belt">Kuiper belt</a> region 39.5–48 AU from the Sun, Arrokoth is formally classified as a <a href="/wiki/Classical_Kuiper_belt_object" title="Classical Kuiper belt object">classical Kuiper belt object</a>, or cubewano.<a href="#cite_note-Delsanti2006-84">[79]</a><a href="#cite_note-LPSC1301-85">[80]</a> Arrokoth's orbit is inclined to the <a href="/wiki/Ecliptic" title="Ecliptic">ecliptic</a> plane by 2.45 degrees, relatively low compared to other classical Kuiper belt objects such as <a href="/wiki/Makemake" title="Makemake">Makemake</a>.<a href="#cite_note-MPC-TNO-list-86">[81]</a> Since Arrokoth has a low orbital inclination and eccentricity, it is part of the dynamically cold population of classical Kuiper belt objects, which are unlikely to have undergone significant perturbations by Neptune during its outward <a href="/wiki/Planetary_migration" title="Planetary migration">migration</a> in the past. The cold classical population of Kuiper belt objects are thought to be remnant planetesimals left over from the accretion of material during the <a href="/wiki/Formation_of_the_Solar_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Formation of the Solar System">formation of the Solar System</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Delsanti2006-84">[79]</a><a href="#cite_note-Lakdawalla2014b-87">[82]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rotation_and_temperature">Rotation and temperature</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=486958_Arrokoth&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Rotation and temperature">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:358px;max-width:358px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:177px;max-width:177px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Ultima_Thule_Rotation.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/05/Ultima_Thule_Rotation.gif" decoding="async" width="175" height="175" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="150" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">Sequence of three images showing Arrokoth's rotation over a period of 2.5 hours</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:177px;max-width:177px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Rotation_of_Ultima_Thule.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Rotation_of_Ultima_Thule.gif/175px-Rotation_of_Ultima_Thule.gif" decoding="async" width="175" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Rotation_of_Ultima_Thule.gif/263px-Rotation_of_Ultima_Thule.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Rotation_of_Ultima_Thule.gif/350px-Rotation_of_Ultima_Thule.gif 2x" data-file-width="356" data-file-height="356" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">Near-polar view of Arrokoth's rotation over a period of nine hours</div></div></div></div></div> Results from <a href="/wiki/Photometry_(astronomy)" title="Photometry (astronomy)">photometric</a> Hubble Space Telescope observations show that the brightness of Arrokoth varies by around 0.3 <a href="/wiki/Magnitude_(astronomy)" title="Magnitude (astronomy)">magnitudes</a> as it rotates.<a href="#cite_note-Benecchi2019a-88">[83]</a><a href="#cite_note-NH-2017-89">[84]</a> Though the rotation period and <a href="/wiki/Light_curve#Planetary_astronomy" title="Light curve">light curve amplitude</a> of Arrokoth could not be determined from Hubble observations, the subtle brightness variations suggested that Arrokoth's rotational axis is either pointed toward the Earth or is being viewed at an equator-on configuration with a nearly spherical shape, with a constrained a/b best-fit <a href="/wiki/Aspect_ratio" title="Aspect ratio">aspect ratio</a> around 1.0–1.15.<a href="#cite_note-NH-2017-89">[84]</a><a href="#cite_note-Benecchi2019a-88">[83]</a> Upon the New Horizons spacecraft's approach to Arrokoth, no rotational light curve amplitude was detected by the spacecraft despite Arrokoth's irregular shape.<a href="#cite_note-FirstMystery-90">[85]</a> To explain the lack of its rotational light curve, scientists surmised that Arrokoth is rotating on its side, with its rotational axis pointing nearly directly at the approaching New Horizons spacecraft.<a href="#cite_note-FirstMystery-90">[85]</a> Subsequent images of Arrokoth from New Horizons upon approach confirmed that its rotation is tilted, with its south pole facing towards the Sun.<a href="#cite_note-explored-18">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-LPSC1611-20">[19]</a> The rotational axis of Arrokoth is <a href="/wiki/Axial_tilt" title="Axial tilt">tilted</a> 99 <a href="/wiki/Degree_(angle)" title="Degree (angle)">degrees</a> to its orbit.<a href="#cite_note-EPSC-DPS2019-311-9">[9]</a> Based on occultation and New Horizons imaging data, Arrokoth's rotation period is determined to be 15.938 hours.<a href="#cite_note-Buie2020-8">[8]</a> Due to the high axial tilt of its rotation, the <a href="/wiki/Solar_irradiance" title="Solar irradiance">solar irradiance</a> of the northern and southern hemispheres of Arrokoth varies greatly over the course of its orbit around the Sun.<a href="#cite_note-eaaw9771-42">[39]</a> As it orbits around the Sun, one polar region of Arrokoth faces the Sun continuously while the other faces away. The solar irradiance of Arrokoth varies by 17 percent due to the low eccentricity of its orbit.<a href="#cite_note-eaaw9771-42">[39]</a> The average temperature of Arrokoth is estimated to be around 42 K (−231.2 °C; −384.1 °F), with a maximum of around 60 K on the illuminated <a href="/wiki/Subsolar_point" title="Subsolar point">subsolar point</a> of Arrokoth.<a href="#cite_note-NASA-SSE-91">[86]</a><a href="#cite_note-eaay3705-52">[48]</a> <a href="/wiki/Radiometry" title="Radiometry">Radiometric</a> measurements from the New Horizons <a href="/wiki/REX_(New_Horizons)" title="REX (New Horizons)">REX</a> instrument indicate that the mean surface temperature of Arrokoth's unilluminated face is about 29±5 K,<a href="#cite_note-eaay3705-52">[48]</a> higher than the modeled range of 12–14 K. The higher temperature of Arrokoth's unilluminated face as measured by REX implies that thermal radiation is emitted from Arrokoth's subsurface, which was predicted to be intrinsically warmer than the exterior surface.<a href="#cite_note-eaay3705-52">[48]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mass_and_density">Mass and density</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=486958_Arrokoth&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Mass and density">edit</a>]</div> The mass and density of Arrokoth are unknown. A definitive mass and density estimate cannot be given as the lobi are in contact rather than orbiting each other.<a href="#cite_note-Beatty20190319-92">[87]</a> Although a possible <a href="/wiki/Natural_satellite" title="Natural satellite">natural satellite</a> orbiting Arrokoth could help determine its mass,<a href="#cite_note-Beatty20190104-67">[63]</a> no such satellites were found.<a href="#cite_note-Beatty20190319-92">[87]</a> Under the assumption that both lobi are bound by self-gravity, with the mutual gravity of the two overcoming centrifugal forces that would otherwise separate them, Arrokoth is estimated to have a very low density similar to that of comets, with an estimated minimum density of 0.29 g/cm3. In order to maintain the shape of the neck, the density of Arrokoth must be less than the maximum possible density of 1 g/cm3, otherwise the neck would be excessively compressed by the mutual gravity of the lobi such that the entire object would gravitationally collapse into a <a href="/wiki/Spheroid" title="Spheroid">spheroid</a>.<a href="#cite_note-eaaw9771-42">[39]</a><a href="#cite_note-EPSC-DPS2019-1387-93">[88]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Formation">Formation</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=486958_Arrokoth&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Formation">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NASA-UltimaThule-Formation-Diagram-20190318.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/NASA-UltimaThule-Formation-Diagram-20190318.jpg/660px-NASA-UltimaThule-Formation-Diagram-20190318.jpg" decoding="async" width="660" height="266" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/NASA-UltimaThule-Formation-Diagram-20190318.jpg/990px-NASA-UltimaThule-Formation-Diagram-20190318.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3c/NASA-UltimaThule-Formation-Diagram-20190318.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="483" /></a><figcaption><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Illustration depicting the hypothesized formation sequence of Arrokoth.</div></figcaption></figure> Arrokoth is thought to have formed from two separate progenitor objects that formed over time from a rotating cloud of small, icy bodies since the <a href="/wiki/Formation_of_the_Solar_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Formation of the Solar System">formation of the Solar System</a> 4.6 billion years ago.<a href="#cite_note-SP-20190104-41">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-prehistoricpuzzle-57">[53]</a> Arrokoth had likely formed in a colder environment within a dense, opaque region of the early Kuiper belt where the Sun appeared heavily obscured by dust.<a href="#cite_note-Lisse2020-55">[51]</a> Icy particles within the early Kuiper belt experienced <a href="/wiki/Streaming_instability" title="Streaming instability">streaming instability</a>, in which they slowed down due to <a href="/wiki/Drag_(physics)" title="Drag (physics)">drag</a> against the surrounding gas and dust, and gravitationally coalesced into clumps of larger particles.<a href="#cite_note-Beatty20190319-92">[87]</a> Because there have been few to no disruptive impacts on Arrokoth since it formed, the details of its formation have been preserved. From the differing present appearances of the lobi, each is thought to have <a href="/wiki/Accretion_(astrophysics)" title="Accretion (astrophysics)">accreted</a> separately while in orbit around each other.<a href="#cite_note-prehistoricpuzzle-57">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-SPC-20190318-94">[89]</a> Both progenitor objects are believed to have formed from a single source of material as they appear to be homogeneous in albedo, color, and composition.<a href="#cite_note-eaaw9771-42">[39]</a> The presence of rolling topography units on the larger object indicates that it had likely formed from the coalescence of smaller planetesimal units prior to merging with the smaller object.<a href="#cite_note-SPC-20190318-94">[89]</a><a href="#cite_note-eaaw9771-42">[39]</a> The larger lobus Wenu appears to be an aggregate of 8 or so smaller components, each approximately 5 km (3 mi) across. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Flattening_and_merging">Flattening and merging</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=486958_Arrokoth&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Flattening and merging">edit</a>]</div> It is unclear how Arrokoth has attained its present flattened shape, though two leading hypotheses have been postulated to explain the mechanisms leading to its flattened shape during the formation of the Solar System.<a href="#cite_note-AGU-P33I-3536-95">[90]</a><a href="#cite_note-Zhao2020-48">[45]</a> The New Horizons team hypothesizes that the two progenitor objects formed with initially rapid rotations, causing their shapes to become flattened due to centrifugal forces. Over time, the rotation rates of the progenitor objects gradually slowed down as they experienced impacts by small objects and transferred their <a href="/wiki/Angular_momentum" title="Angular momentum">angular momentum</a> to other orbiting debris left over from their formation.<a href="#cite_note-AGU-P33I-3536-95">[90]</a> Eventually, loss of momentum, caused by impacts and momentum shifting to other bodies in the cloud, caused the pair to slowly spiral closer until they touched—where over time the joints fused together, forming its present bilobate shape.<a href="#cite_note-SP-20190104-41">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-AGU-P33I-3536-95">[90]</a> In an alternative hypothesis formulated by researchers of the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Chinese Academy of Sciences">Chinese Academy of Sciences</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Solar_System_Research" title="Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research">Max Planck Institute</a> in 2020, the flattening of Arrokoth may have resulted from the process of sublimation-driven mass loss over a timescale of several million years after the merging of the lobi. At the time of formation, Arrokoth's composition had a higher volatile concentration from the accretion of condensed volatiles within the dense and opaque Kuiper belt. After the surrounding dust and nebula subsided, solar radiation was no longer obstructed, allowing for photon-induced sublimation to occur in the Kuiper belt. Due to Arrokoth's high rotational obliquity, one polar region faces the Sun continuously for half of its orbital period, resulting in extensive heating and consequent sublimation and loss of frozen volatiles at Arrokoth's poles.<a href="#cite_note-Zhao2020-48">[45]</a> Regardless of the uncertainty surrounding the mechanisms for the flattening of Arrokoth, the subsequent merging of the bodies ancestral to the lobi appeared to be gentle. The present appearance of Arrokoth does not indicate deformation or compression fractures, suggesting that the two progenitor objects had merged very slowly at a speed of 2 m/s (6.6 ft/s)—comparable to the average <a href="/wiki/Preferred_walking_speed" title="Preferred walking speed">walking speed</a> of a person.<a href="#cite_note-eaaw9771-42">[39]</a><a href="#cite_note-SPC-20190318-94">[89]</a> The progenitor objects must have also merged obliquely at angles greater than 75 degrees in order to account for the present shape of Arrokoth's thin neck while keeping the lobi intact. By the time the two progenitor objects merged, both of them had already been tidally locked in <a href="/wiki/Synchronous_rotation" class="mw-redirect" title="Synchronous rotation">synchronous rotation</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Marohnic2020-96">[91]</a> The long-term frequency of <a href="/wiki/Impact_event" title="Impact event">impact events</a> occurring on Arrokoth was low due to the slower speeds of objects in the Kuiper belt.<a href="#cite_note-craterdensity-61">[57]</a> Over a period of 4.5 billion years, photon-induced <a href="/wiki/Sputtering" title="Sputtering">sputtering</a> of water ice on Arrokoth's surface would minimally reduce its size by 1 cm (0.39 in).<a href="#cite_note-eaaw9771-42">[39]</a> With the lack of frequent cratering events and perturbations of its orbit, the shape and appearance of Arrokoth would remain virtually pristine since the conjoining of two separate objects that formed its bilobate shape.<a href="#cite_note-craterdensity-61">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-about-19">[18]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Observation">Observation</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=486958_Arrokoth&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Observation">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Discovery">Discovery</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=486958_Arrokoth&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Discovery">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/New_Horizons#Kuiper_belt_object_mission" title="New Horizons">New Horizons § Kuiper belt object mission</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2014_MU69_Discovery_Images_Animated.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/2014_MU69_Discovery_Images_Animated.gif/220px-2014_MU69_Discovery_Images_Animated.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/2014_MU69_Discovery_Images_Animated.gif/330px-2014_MU69_Discovery_Images_Animated.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/2014_MU69_Discovery_Images_Animated.gif/440px-2014_MU69_Discovery_Images_Animated.gif 2x" data-file-width="628" data-file-height="513" /></a><figcaption>Discovery images of Arrokoth, cropped from five <a href="/wiki/Wide_Field_Camera_3" title="Wide Field Camera 3">Wide Field Camera 3</a> images taken by the <a href="/wiki/Hubble_Space_Telescope" title="Hubble Space Telescope">Hubble Space Telescope</a> on 26 June 2014.</figcaption></figure> Arrokoth was discovered on 26 June 2014 using the Hubble Space Telescope during a preliminary survey to <a href="/wiki/New_Horizons#Suitable_KBOs" title="New Horizons">find a suitable Kuiper belt object</a> for the New Horizons spacecraft to fly by. Scientists of the New Horizons team were searching for an object in the Kuiper belt that the spacecraft could study after Pluto, and their next target had to be reachable on New Horizons's remaining fuel.<a href="#cite_note-Lakdawalla2014a-97">[92]</a><a href="#cite_note-Lakdawalla2014b-87">[82]</a> Using large ground-based telescopes on Earth, researchers began looking in 2011 for candidate objects and searched multiple times per year for several years.<a href="#cite_note-Witze2014-98">[93]</a> However, none of the objects found were reachable by the New Horizons spacecraft and most Kuiper belt objects that may be suitable were just too distant and faint to be seen through Earth's atmosphere.<a href="#cite_note-Lakdawalla2014a-97">[92]</a><a href="#cite_note-Witze2014-98">[93]</a> In order to find these fainter Kuiper belt objects, the New Horizons team initiated a search for suitable targets with the <a href="/wiki/Hubble_Space_Telescope" title="Hubble Space Telescope">Hubble Space Telescope</a> on 16 June 2014.<a href="#cite_note-Lakdawalla2014a-97">[92]</a> Arrokoth was first imaged by Hubble on 26 June 2014, 10 days after the New Horizons team began their search for potential targets.<a href="#cite_note-Lakdawalla2014b-87">[82]</a> While <a href="/wiki/Digital_image_processing" title="Digital image processing">digitally processing</a> images from Hubble, Arrokoth was identified by astronomer <a href="/wiki/Marc_Buie" title="Marc Buie">Marc Buie</a>, member of the New Horizons team.<a href="#cite_note-lauer-sciam-21">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-Lakdawalla2014b-87">[82]</a> Buie reported his finding to the search team for subsequent analysis and confirmation.<a href="#cite_note-Parker2016-99">[94]</a> Arrokoth was the second object found during the search, after <a href="/wiki/2014_MT69" title="2014 MT69">2014 MT69</a>.<a href="#cite_note-EPSC2015-100">[95]</a> Three more candidate targets were later discovered with Hubble, though follow-up <a href="/wiki/Astrometric" class="mw-redirect" title="Astrometric">astrometric</a> observations eventually ruled them out.<a href="#cite_note-EPSC2015-100">[95]</a><a href="#cite_note-NASA-new-target-2015-24">[23]</a> Of the five potential targets found with Hubble, Arrokoth was deemed to be the most feasible target for the spacecraft as the flyby trajectory required the least amount of fuel compared to that for <a href="/wiki/2014_PN70" title="2014 PN70">2014 PN70</a>, the second most feasible target for New Horizons.<a href="#cite_note-LPSC1301-85">[80]</a><a href="#cite_note-Stern-Extended-101">[96]</a> On 28 August 2015, Arrokoth was officially selected by NASA as a flyby target for the New Horizons spacecraft.<a href="#cite_note-NASA-new-target-2015-24">[23]</a> Arrokoth is too small and distant for its shape to be observed directly from Earth, but scientists were able to take advantage of an astronomical event called a <a href="/wiki/Stellar_occultation" class="mw-redirect" title="Stellar occultation">stellar occultation</a>, in which the object passes in front of a star from the vantage point of Earth. Since the occultation event is only visible from certain parts of the Earth, the New Horizons team combined data from Hubble and the <a href="/wiki/European_Space_Agency" title="European Space Agency">European Space Agency</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Gaia_(spacecraft)" title="Gaia (spacecraft)">Gaia</a> space observatory to figure out exactly when and where on Earth's surface Arrokoth would cast a shadow.<a href="#cite_note-MU69occ_rationale-102">[97]</a><a href="#cite_note-Planetaria-103">[98]</a> They determined that occultations would occur on 3 June, 10 July, and 17 July in 2017, and set off for places around the world where they could see Arrokoth cover up a different star on each of these dates.<a href="#cite_note-MU69occ_rationale-102">[97]</a> Based on this string of three occultations, scientists were able to trace out the object's shape.<a href="#cite_note-MU69occ_rationale-102">[97]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2017_occultations">2017 occultations</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=486958_Arrokoth&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: 2017 occultations">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:502px;max-width:502px"><div class="trow"><div class="theader">Results of the 2017 occultation campaign</div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:167px;max-width:167px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Wink-of-a-star-2.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Wink-of-a-star-2.gif/165px-Wink-of-a-star-2.gif" decoding="async" width="165" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Wink-of-a-star-2.gif/248px-Wink-of-a-star-2.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Wink-of-a-star-2.gif/330px-Wink-of-a-star-2.gif 2x" data-file-width="601" data-file-height="501" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:141px;max-width:141px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:20170808-MU69Chart.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/20170808-MU69Chart.jpg/139px-20170808-MU69Chart.jpg" decoding="async" width="139" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/20170808-MU69Chart.jpg/209px-20170808-MU69Chart.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/20170808-MU69Chart.jpg/278px-20170808-MU69Chart.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="1440" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:188px;max-width:188px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:MU69_occultation_fit_cropped.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/MU69_occultation_fit_cropped.png/186px-MU69_occultation_fit_cropped.png" decoding="async" width="186" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/MU69_occultation_fit_cropped.png/279px-MU69_occultation_fit_cropped.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/MU69_occultation_fit_cropped.png/372px-MU69_occultation_fit_cropped.png 2x" data-file-width="602" data-file-height="450" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">Arrokoth briefly blocked the light from an unnamed star in <a href="/wiki/Sagittarius_(constellation)" title="Sagittarius (constellation)">Sagittarius</a> during an <a href="/wiki/Asteroid_occultation" class="mw-redirect" title="Asteroid occultation">occultation</a> on 17 July 2017. Data from 24 telescopes that captured this event revealed Arrokoth's possible bilobate or binary shape. After the flyby in January 2019, the results from the occultation were shown to precisely fit the observed size and shape of the object.<a href="#cite_note-OccultationRevisited-33">[31]</a></div></div></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:392px;max-width:392px"><div class="trow"><div class="theader">Pre-flyby conceptual art, based on occultation data</div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:194px;max-width:194px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:155px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:PIA21867-2014MU69-BinaryObject-ArtConcept-20170804.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/PIA21867-2014MU69-BinaryObject-ArtConcept-20170804.jpg/192px-PIA21867-2014MU69-BinaryObject-ArtConcept-20170804.jpg" decoding="async" width="192" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/PIA21867-2014MU69-BinaryObject-ArtConcept-20170804.jpg/288px-PIA21867-2014MU69-BinaryObject-ArtConcept-20170804.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/PIA21867-2014MU69-BinaryObject-ArtConcept-20170804.jpg/384px-PIA21867-2014MU69-BinaryObject-ArtConcept-20170804.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2016" data-file-height="1628" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">Artist concept of Arrokoth as a contact binary, illustrating the understanding as of August 2017</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:194px;max-width:194px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:155px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:PIA21868-2014MU69-SingleObject-ArtConcept-20170804.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/PIA21868-2014MU69-SingleObject-ArtConcept-20170804.jpg/192px-PIA21868-2014MU69-SingleObject-ArtConcept-20170804.jpg" decoding="async" width="192" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/PIA21868-2014MU69-SingleObject-ArtConcept-20170804.jpg/288px-PIA21868-2014MU69-SingleObject-ArtConcept-20170804.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/PIA21868-2014MU69-SingleObject-ArtConcept-20170804.jpg/384px-PIA21868-2014MU69-SingleObject-ArtConcept-20170804.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2016" data-file-height="1628" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">Artist concept of an ellipsoid shape for Arrokoth, a shape that could not be ruled out prior to the flyby in 2019</div></div></div></div></div> In June and July 2017, Arrokoth <a href="/wiki/Occultation" title="Occultation">occulted</a> three background stars.<a href="#cite_note-MU69occ_rationale-102">[97]</a> The team behind New Horizons formed a specialized "KBO Chasers" team led by <a href="/wiki/Marc_Buie" title="Marc Buie">Marc Buie</a> to observe these stellar occultations from South America, Africa, and the Pacific Ocean.<a href="#cite_note-MU69occ-104">[99]</a><a href="#cite_note-KBO_chasers-105">[100]</a><a href="#cite_note-jhuapl-20170719-106">[101]</a> On 3 June 2017, two teams of NASA scientists tried to detect the shadow of Arrokoth from Argentina and South Africa.<a href="#cite_note-FirstOccultation-107">[102]</a> When they found that none of their telescopes had observed the object's shadow, it was initially speculated that Arrokoth might be neither as large nor as dark as previously expected, and that it might be highly reflective or even a swarm.<a href="#cite_note-FirstOccultation-107">[102]</a><a href="#cite_note-TheOuterSanctum-108">[103]</a> Additional data taken with the Hubble Space Telescope in June and July 2017 revealed that the telescopes had been placed in the wrong location, and that these estimations were incorrect.<a href="#cite_note-TheOuterSanctum-108">[103]</a> On 10 July 2017, the airborne telescope <a href="/wiki/Stratospheric_Observatory_for_Infrared_Astronomy" title="Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy">SOFIA</a> was successfully placed close to the predicted centerline for the second occultation while flying over the Pacific Ocean from <a href="/wiki/Christchurch" title="Christchurch">Christchurch</a>, New Zealand. The main purpose of those observations was the search for hazardous material like rings or dust near Arrokoth that could threaten the New Horizons spacecraft during its flyby in 2019. Data collection was successful. A preliminary analysis suggested that the central shadow was missed;<a href="#cite_note-NYT-2017-109">[104]</a> only in January 2018 was it realized that SOFIA had indeed observed a very brief dip from the central shadow.<a href="#cite_note-Science_Team_Meeting-110">[105]</a> The data collected by SOFIA will also be valuable to put constraints on dust near Arrokoth.<a href="#cite_note-SOFIA_1-111">[106]</a><a href="#cite_note-SOFIA_2-112">[107]</a> Detailed results of the search for hazardous material were presented on the 49th Meeting of the <a href="/wiki/Division_for_Planetary_Sciences" title="Division for Planetary Sciences">AAS Division for Planetary Sciences</a>, on 20 October 2017.<a href="#cite_note-DPS49-7-113">[108]</a> On 17 July 2017, the Hubble Space Telescope was used to check for debris around Arrokoth, setting constraints on rings and debris within the <a href="/wiki/Hill_sphere" title="Hill sphere">Hill sphere</a> of Arrokoth at distances of up to 75,000 km (47,000 mi) from the main body.<a href="#cite_note-Kammer2018-114">[109]</a> For the third and final occultation, team members set up another ground-based "fence line" of 24 mobile telescopes along the predicted ground track of the occultation shadow in southern Argentina (<a href="/wiki/Chubut_Province" title="Chubut Province">Chubut</a> and <a href="/wiki/Santa_Cruz_Province,_Argentina" title="Santa Cruz Province, Argentina">Santa Cruz</a> provinces) to better constrain the size of Arrokoth.<a href="#cite_note-KBO_chasers-105">[100]</a><a href="#cite_note-jhuapl-20170719-106">[101]</a> The average spacing between these telescopes was around 4 km (2.5 mi).<a href="#cite_note-LPSC3120-115">[110]</a> Using the latest observations from Hubble, the position of Arrokoth was known with much better precision than for the 3 June occultation, and this time the shadow of Arrokoth was successfully observed by at least five of the mobile telescopes.<a href="#cite_note-jhuapl-20170719-106">[101]</a> Combined with the <a href="/wiki/Stratospheric_Observatory_for_Infrared_Astronomy" title="Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy">SOFIA</a> observations, this put constraints on possible debris near Arrokoth.<a href="#cite_note-SOFIA_2-112">[107]</a> Results from the occultation on 17 July showed that Arrokoth could have had a very oblong, irregular shape or be a close or contact binary.<a href="#cite_note-LPSC3120-115">[110]</a><a href="#cite_note-Keeter2017-45">[42]</a> According to the duration of the observed <a href="/wiki/Chord_(astronomy)" title="Chord (astronomy)">chords</a>, Arrokoth was shown to have two "lobes", with diameters of approximately 20 km (12 mi) and 18 km (11 mi), respectively.<a href="#cite_note-NH-2017-89">[84]</a> A preliminary analysis of all collected data suggested that Arrokoth was accompanied by an orbiting <a href="/wiki/Moonlet" title="Moonlet">moonlet</a> about 200–300 km (120–190 mi) away from the primary.<a href="#cite_note-2017_AGU-116">[111]</a> It was later realized, however, that an <a href="/wiki/Software_bug" title="Software bug">error</a> with the data processing software resulted in a shift in the apparent location of the target. After accounting for the bug, the short dip observed on 10 July was considered to be a detection of the primary body.<a href="#cite_note-Science_Team_Meeting-110">[105]</a> By combining data about its <a href="/wiki/Light_curve" title="Light curve">light curve</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Benecchi2019a-88">[83]</a> spectra (e.g. color), and stellar occultation data,<a href="#cite_note-LPSC3120-115">[110]</a> illustrations could rely on known data to create a concept of what it might look like prior to spacecraft flyby. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2018_occultations">2018 occultations</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=486958_Arrokoth&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: 2018 occultations">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MU69_occultation_2018August4.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/MU69_occultation_2018August4.png/220px-MU69_occultation_2018August4.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/MU69_occultation_2018August4.png/330px-MU69_occultation_2018August4.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/MU69_occultation_2018August4.png/440px-MU69_occultation_2018August4.png 2x" data-file-width="1030" data-file-height="684" /></a><figcaption>Path of Arrokoth's shadow on Earth during its 4 August 2018 occultation of an unnamed star in Sagittarius. This event was successfully observed from locations in Senegal and Colombia.</figcaption></figure> There were two potentially useful Arrokoth occultations predicted for 2018: one on 16 July and one on 4 August. Neither of these were as good as the three 2017 events.<a href="#cite_note-MU69occ_rationale-102">[97]</a> No attempts were made to observe the 16 July 2018 occultation, which took place over the South Atlantic and the Indian Ocean. For the 4 August 2018 event, two teams, consisting of about 50 researchers in total, went to locations in Senegal and Colombia.<a href="#cite_note-August4preparation-117">[112]</a> The event gathered media attention in Senegal, where it was used as an opportunity for <a href="/wiki/Science_outreach" title="Science outreach">science outreach</a>.<a href="#cite_note-AFIPS-118">[113]</a> Despite some stations being affected by bad weather, the event was successfully observed, as reported by the New Horizons team.<a href="#cite_note-success-119">[114]</a> Initially, it was unclear whether a chord on the target had been recorded. On 6 September 2018, NASA confirmed that the star had indeed been seen to dip by at least one observer, providing important information about the size and shape of Arrokoth.<a href="#cite_note-Keeter2018-120">[115]</a> Hubble observations were carried out on 4 August 2018, to support the occultation campaign.<a href="#cite_note-hst15450-121">[116]</a><a href="#cite_note-August4preparation-117">[112]</a> Hubble could not be placed in the narrow path of the occultation, but due to the favourable location of Hubble at the time of the event, the space telescope was able to probe the region down to 1,600 km (990 mi) from Arrokoth. This is much closer than the 20,000 km (12,000 mi) region that could be observed during the 17 July 2017 occultation. No brightness changes of the target star have been seen by Hubble, ruling out any optically thick rings or debris down to 1,600 km (990 mi) from Arrokoth.<a href="#cite_note-Keeter2018-120">[115]</a> Results of the 2017 and 2018 occultation campaigns were presented at the 50th meeting of the <a href="/wiki/American_Astronomical_Society" title="American Astronomical Society">American Astronomical Society</a> <a href="/wiki/Division_for_Planetary_Sciences" title="Division for Planetary Sciences">Division for Planetary Sciences</a> on 26 October 2018.<a href="#cite_note-preencounter-122">[117]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Exploration">Exploration</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=486958_Arrokoth&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Exploration">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/New_Horizons#Encounter_with_Arrokoth" title="New Horizons">New Horizons § Encounter with Arrokoth</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ultima_Thule_approach_video1.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Ultima_Thule_approach_video1.gif/170px-Ultima_Thule_approach_video1.gif" decoding="async" width="170" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Ultima_Thule_approach_video1.gif/255px-Ultima_Thule_approach_video1.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Ultima_Thule_approach_video1.gif/340px-Ultima_Thule_approach_video1.gif 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="250" /></a><figcaption>Arrokoth among the stars of <a href="/wiki/Sagittarius_(constellation)" title="Sagittarius (constellation)">Sagittarius</a>—with and without background star omission (<a href="/wiki/Apparent_magnitude" title="Apparent magnitude">apparent magnitude</a> 20 to 15; late 2018).<a href="#cite_note-JPLHorizonsX-123">[118]</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/New_Horizons_Approach_to_Arrokoth.ogv/220px--New_Horizons_Approach_to_Arrokoth.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="138" data-durationhint="50" data-mwtitle="New_Horizons_Approach_to_Arrokoth.ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:New_Horizons_Approach_to_Arrokoth.ogv"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/26/New_Horizons_Approach_to_Arrokoth.ogv/New_Horizons_Approach_to_Arrokoth.ogv.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="768" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/26/New_Horizons_Approach_to_Arrokoth.ogv" type="video/ogg; codecs="theora, vorbis"" data-width="800" data-height="500" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/26/New_Horizons_Approach_to_Arrokoth.ogv/New_Horizons_Approach_to_Arrokoth.ogv.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="230" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/26/New_Horizons_Approach_to_Arrokoth.ogv/New_Horizons_Approach_to_Arrokoth.ogv.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="384" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/26/New_Horizons_Approach_to_Arrokoth.ogv/New_Horizons_Approach_to_Arrokoth.ogv.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="576" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/26/New_Horizons_Approach_to_Arrokoth.ogv/New_Horizons_Approach_to_Arrokoth.ogv.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="576" data-height="360" /></video><figcaption>Movie of New Horizons's approach to Arrokoth, constructed from images taken by the spacecraft during its flyby on 1 January 2019<a href="#cite_note-prehistoricpuzzle-57">[53]</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ultima_Thule_Departure_movie.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Ultima_Thule_Departure_movie.gif/170px-Ultima_Thule_Departure_movie.gif" decoding="async" width="170" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Ultima_Thule_Departure_movie.gif/255px-Ultima_Thule_Departure_movie.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Ultima_Thule_Departure_movie.gif/340px-Ultima_Thule_Departure_movie.gif 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a><figcaption>View of Arrokoth by New Horizons after closest approach. The silhouette of Arrokoth's shape can be seen among the background stars.</figcaption></figure> Having completed its flyby of <a href="/wiki/Pluto" title="Pluto">Pluto</a> in July 2015, the New Horizons <a href="/wiki/Spacecraft" title="Spacecraft">spacecraft</a> made four course changes in October and November 2015 to place itself on a trajectory towards Arrokoth.<a href="#cite_note-jhuapl-20151105-124">[119]</a> It is the first object to be targeted for a flyby that was discovered after the visiting spacecraft was launched,<a href="#cite_note-Lakdawalla2015-82">[78]</a><a href="#cite_note-125">[120]</a> and is the farthest object in the Solar System ever to be visited by a spacecraft.<a href="#cite_note-NASA-new-target-2015-24">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYT-20181231-126">[121]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYT-20181230-127">[122]</a> Moving at a speed of 51,500 km/h (858 km/min; 14.3 km/s; 32,000 mph)<a href="#cite_note-128">[123]</a> New Horizons passed by Arrokoth at a distance of 3,538 km (2,198 mi), equivalent to a few minutes of travel at the craft's speed, and one third of the distance of the spacecraft's closest encounter with Pluto.<a href="#cite_note-aay3999-10">[10]</a> Closest approach occurred on 1 January 2019, at 05:33 UTC (<a href="/wiki/Spacecraft_Event_Time" title="Spacecraft Event Time">Spacecraft Event Time</a> – SCET)<a href="#cite_note-2017_AGU-116">[111]</a><a href="#cite_note-WhatToExpect-129">[124]</a> at which point it was 43.4 <a href="/wiki/Astronomical_unit" title="Astronomical unit">AU</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Sun" title="Sun">Sun</a> in the direction of the constellation <a href="/wiki/Sagittarius_(constellation)" title="Sagittarius (constellation)">Sagittarius</a>.<a href="#cite_note-jhuapl-20151023-130">[125]</a><a href="#cite_note-jhuapl-20151026b-131">[126]</a><a href="#cite_note-jhuapl20151029-132">[127]</a><a href="#cite_note-TheSkyLive-81">[77]</a> At this distance, the one-way transit time for radio signals between Earth and New Horizons was 6 hours.<a href="#cite_note-2017_AGU-116">[111]</a> The science objectives of the flyby include characterizing the geology and morphology of Arrokoth, and mapping the surface composition (searching for ammonia, carbon monoxide, methane, and water ice). Surveys of the surrounding environment to detect possible orbiting moonlets, a coma, or rings, were conducted.<a href="#cite_note-2017_AGU-116">[111]</a> Images with resolutions showing details of 30 m (98 ft) to 70 m (230 ft) are expected.<a href="#cite_note-2017_AGU-116">[111]</a><a href="#cite_note-jhuapl-20170906-133">[128]</a> From Hubble observations, faint, small satellites orbiting Arrokoth at distances greater than 2,000 km (1,200 mi) have been excluded to a depth of >29th <a href="/wiki/Magnitude_(astronomy)" title="Magnitude (astronomy)">magnitude</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Benecchi2019a-88">[83]</a> The object has no detectable atmosphere, and no large rings or satellites larger than 1.6 km (1 mi) in diameter.<a href="#cite_note-SN-20190104-134">[129]</a> Nonetheless, a search for a related moon (or moons) continues, which may help better explain the formation of Arrokoth from two individual orbiting objects.<a href="#cite_note-SP-20190104-41">[38]</a> New Horizons made its first detection of Arrokoth on 16 August 2018, from a distance of 172 million km (107 million mi).<a href="#cite_note-jhuapl-20180828-135">[130]</a> At that time, Arrokoth was visible at magnitude 20, in the direction of the constellation Sagittarius.<a href="#cite_note-jhuapl-20181218-136">[131]</a> Arrokoth was expected to be magnitude 18 by mid-November, and magnitude 15 by mid-December. It reached naked eye brightness (magnitude 6) from the spacecraft's point of view just 3–4 hours before closest approach.<a href="#cite_note-JPLHorizonsX-123">[118]</a> If obstacles were detected, the spacecraft had the option of diverting to a more distant rendezvous, though no moons, rings or other hazards were seen.<a href="#cite_note-2017_AGU-116">[111]</a><a href="#cite_note-jhuapl-20181218-136">[131]</a> High-resolution images from New Horizons were taken on 1 January. The first images of mediocre resolution arrived the next day.<a href="#cite_note-NYT-20190102-kc-137">[132]</a> The downlink of data collected from the flyby was expected to last 20 months, through September 2020.<a href="#cite_note-WhatToExpect-129">[124]</a> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=486958_Arrokoth&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Gallery">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:1204px;max-width:1204px"><div class="trow"><div class="theader">LORRI images of Arrokoth from December 2018 to January 2019<a href="#cite_note-LORRI-images-138">[133]</a></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:152px;max-width:152px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:149px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Newhorizonschristmasthule.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Newhorizonschristmasthule.png/150px-Newhorizonschristmasthule.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Newhorizonschristmasthule.png/225px-Newhorizonschristmasthule.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Newhorizonschristmasthule.png/300px-Newhorizonschristmasthule.png 2x" data-file-width="2250" data-file-height="2250" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">24 Dec 2018, at a distance of 10 million km (6.2 million mi)</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:152px;max-width:152px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:149px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Ultima_Thule_Comes_into_Focus_(Processed).png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Ultima_Thule_Comes_into_Focus_%28Processed%29.png/150px-Ultima_Thule_Comes_into_Focus_%28Processed%29.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Ultima_Thule_Comes_into_Focus_%28Processed%29.png/225px-Ultima_Thule_Comes_into_Focus_%28Processed%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Ultima_Thule_Comes_into_Focus_%28Processed%29.png/300px-Ultima_Thule_Comes_into_Focus_%28Processed%29.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">24 hours before closest approach, 1.9 million km (1.2 million mi)</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:152px;max-width:152px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:149px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Detecting_Ultima_Thule%27s_Size_and_Shape_on_Approach_(cropped).png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Detecting_Ultima_Thule%27s_Size_and_Shape_on_Approach_%28cropped%29.png/150px-Detecting_Ultima_Thule%27s_Size_and_Shape_on_Approach_%28cropped%29.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Detecting_Ultima_Thule%27s_Size_and_Shape_on_Approach_%28cropped%29.png/225px-Detecting_Ultima_Thule%27s_Size_and_Shape_on_Approach_%28cropped%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Detecting_Ultima_Thule%27s_Size_and_Shape_on_Approach_%28cropped%29.png/300px-Detecting_Ultima_Thule%27s_Size_and_Shape_on_Approach_%28cropped%29.png 2x" data-file-width="2800" data-file-height="2800" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">12 hours before closest approach, 1 million km (0.62 million mi)</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:152px;max-width:152px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:149px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:First_color_image_of_Ultima_Thule_(LORRI_crop).png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/First_color_image_of_Ultima_Thule_%28LORRI_crop%29.png/150px-First_color_image_of_Ultima_Thule_%28LORRI_crop%29.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/First_color_image_of_Ultima_Thule_%28LORRI_crop%29.png/225px-First_color_image_of_Ultima_Thule_%28LORRI_crop%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/First_color_image_of_Ultima_Thule_%28LORRI_crop%29.png/300px-First_color_image_of_Ultima_Thule_%28LORRI_crop%29.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="900" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">4:08 <a href="/wiki/Universal_Time" title="Universal Time">UT</a> (<a href="/wiki/Spacecraft_Event_Time" title="Spacecraft Event Time">SCET</a>), 137,000 km (85,000 mi)</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:152px;max-width:152px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:149px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:NH-UltimaThule-20190102_crop.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/NH-UltimaThule-20190102_crop.png/150px-NH-UltimaThule-20190102_crop.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/NH-UltimaThule-20190102_crop.png/225px-NH-UltimaThule-20190102_crop.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/NH-UltimaThule-20190102_crop.png/300px-NH-UltimaThule-20190102_crop.png 2x" data-file-width="510" data-file-height="510" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">5:01 UT, 73,900 km (45,900 mi)</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:152px;max-width:152px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:149px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Ultima_Thule_Near_Closest_Approach_CA05.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Ultima_Thule_Near_Closest_Approach_CA05.png/150px-Ultima_Thule_Near_Closest_Approach_CA05.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Ultima_Thule_Near_Closest_Approach_CA05.png/225px-Ultima_Thule_Near_Closest_Approach_CA05.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Ultima_Thule_Near_Closest_Approach_CA05.png/300px-Ultima_Thule_Near_Closest_Approach_CA05.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="800" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">5:14 UT, 16,700 km (10,400 mi)</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:124px;max-width:124px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:149px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Ultima_Thule_New_Horizons_CA06_vertical.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Ultima_Thule_New_Horizons_CA06_vertical.png/122px-Ultima_Thule_New_Horizons_CA06_vertical.png" decoding="async" width="122" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Ultima_Thule_New_Horizons_CA06_vertical.png/183px-Ultima_Thule_New_Horizons_CA06_vertical.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Ultima_Thule_New_Horizons_CA06_vertical.png/244px-Ultima_Thule_New_Horizons_CA06_vertical.png 2x" data-file-width="1486" data-file-height="1818" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">5:27 UT, 6,600 km (4,100 mi)<a href="#cite_note-139">[f]</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:152px;max-width:152px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:149px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Arrokoth_Crescent_Sharpened_(rotated).png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Arrokoth_Crescent_Sharpened_%28rotated%29.png/150px-Arrokoth_Crescent_Sharpened_%28rotated%29.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Arrokoth_Crescent_Sharpened_%28rotated%29.png/225px-Arrokoth_Crescent_Sharpened_%28rotated%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Arrokoth_Crescent_Sharpened_%28rotated%29.png/300px-Arrokoth_Crescent_Sharpened_%28rotated%29.png 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="720" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">5:42 UT, after closest approach; 8,900 km (5,500 mi)</div></div></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=486958_Arrokoth&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Solar_system.jpg/22px-Solar_system.jpg" decoding="async" width="22" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Solar_system.jpg/34px-Solar_system.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Solar_system.jpg/45px-Solar_system.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4500" data-file-height="5600" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Solar_System" title="Portal:Solar System">Solar System portal</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_minor_planets_and_comets_visited_by_spacecraft" title="List of minor planets and comets visited by spacecraft">List of minor planets and comets visited by spacecraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/132524_APL" title="132524 APL">132524 APL</a> – Another minor planet visited by New Horizons</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_trans-Neptunian_objects" title="List of trans-Neptunian objects">List of trans-Neptunian objects</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=486958_Arrokoth&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-lower-alpha" style="column-width: 25em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Pronunciation2-17">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Pronunciation2_17-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pronunciation2_17-1">b</a> Thule is classically pronounced <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˈθjuːliː/</a> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key">THEW-lee</a>.<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> The New Horizons team used this pronunciation alongside the pseudo-Latin pronunciation <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˈtuːleɪ/</a> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key">TOO-lay</a> and a hybrid pronunciation <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˈtuːliː/</a> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key">TOO-lee</a>.<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> In the convention for minor planet provisional designations, the first letter represents the half-month of the year of discovery while the second letter and numbers indicate the order of discovery within that half-month. In the case for 2014 MU69, the first letter 'M' corresponds to the second half-month of June 2014 while the succeeding letter 'U' indicates that it is the 20th object discovered on the 70th cycle of discoveries (with 69 cycles completed). Each cycle consists of 25 letters representing discoveries, hence 20 + (69 cycles × 25 letters) = 1,745.<a href="#cite_note-designation-27">[26]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> The only record of the word was collected in 1610–1611 by English writer <a href="/wiki/William_Strachey" title="William Strachey">William Strachey</a>, who had a decent ear but bad handwriting, and scholars since have had considerable difficulty reading his notes. The meanings of the words are also often uncertain, as Strachey and the Powhatan had no language in common. Siebert (1975: p. 324) used comparison with other <a href="/wiki/Algonquian_languages" title="Algonquian languages">Algonquian languages</a> to interpret Strachey's handwriting, and deciphers two relevant transcriptions as ⟨arrokoth⟩ 'sky' and ⟨arrahgwotuwss⟩ 'clouds'. He reconstructs these as the word /aːrahkwat/ 'cloud' and its plural /aːrahkwatas/ 'clouds' (compare Ojibwa /aːnakkwat/ 'cloud'), from the <a href="/wiki/Proto-Algonquian" class="mw-redirect" title="Proto-Algonquian">Proto-Algonquian</a> *aːlaxkwatwi 'it is a cloud, it is cloudy'.<a href="#cite_note-38">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-39">[37]</a> Given that the first vowel is long (/aː/), that syllable would have been <a href="/wiki/Stress_(linguistics)" title="Stress (linguistics)">stressed</a> in Powhatan, so the name is approximatable in English as <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key">ARR-o-koth</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a> Composite of black and while and color photographs taken respectively by the LORRI and MVIC instruments aboard <a href="/wiki/New_Horizons" title="New Horizons">New Horizons</a> on 1 January 2019. </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a> This discrepancy is due to limitations of the Minor Planet Center's standard satellite-based <a href="/wiki/Astrometry" title="Astrometry">astrometry</a> submission format, which by default, the JPL Small-Body Browser implements into its database of orbits. The Hubble Space Telescope is capable of producing highly accurate astrometric measurements of Arrokoth's position, though the data could not be submitted to the Minor Planet Center in the standard format. To overcome these limitations, the astrometric data was separately submitted in a modified format by the New Horizons team. While the Minor Planet Center includes these observations, the JPL Small-Body Database has not yet incorporated the data and only approximates the excess precision of previous astrometric measurements by Hubble in 2014, resulting in an inaccurately calculated orbit with unrealistic uncertainties.<a href="#cite_note-Lakdawalla2015-82">[78]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a> Taken 6.5 minutes before closest approach at 5:33 UT. Note that the view and illumination is now from a slightly different angle as the spacecraft begins to bypass Arrokoth. </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=486958_Arrokoth&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 25em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-jpldata-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-jpldata_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-jpldata_1-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-jpldata_1-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-jpldata_1-3">d</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2486958">"JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 486958 Arrokoth (2014 MU69)"</a> (2014-10-22 last obs.). <a href="/wiki/Jet_Propulsion_Laboratory" title="Jet Propulsion Laboratory">Jet Propulsion Laboratory</a>. 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Sci-News.com. 4 January 2019. Retrieved 5 January 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sci-News.com&rft.atitle=Ultima+Thule%3A+Preliminary+Science+Results+from+New+Horizons&rft.date=2019-01-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sci-news.com%2Fspace%2Fultima-thule-preliminary-science-results-06786.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A486958+Arrokoth" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-jhuapl-20180828-135"><a href="#cite_ref-jhuapl-20180828_135-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pluto.jhuapl.edu/News-Center/News-Article.php?page=20180828">"Ultima in View: New Horizons Makes First Detection of Kuiper Belt Flyby Target"</a>. pluto.jhuapl.edu. Applied Physics Laboratory. 28 August 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180829175359/http://pluto.jhuapl.edu/News-Center/News-Article.php?page=20180828">Archived</a> from the original on 29 August 2018. Retrieved 3 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=pluto.jhuapl.edu&rft.atitle=Ultima+in+View%3A+New+Horizons+Makes+First+Detection+of+Kuiper+Belt+Flyby+Target&rft.date=2018-08-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpluto.jhuapl.edu%2FNews-Center%2FNews-Article.php%3Fpage%3D20180828&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A486958+Arrokoth" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-jhuapl-20181218-136">^ <a href="#cite_ref-jhuapl-20181218_136-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-jhuapl-20181218_136-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pluto.jhuapl.edu/News-Center/News-Article.php?page=20181218">"NASA's New Horizons Spacecraft Takes the Inside Course to Ultima Thule"</a>. pluto.jhuapl.edu. Applied Physics Laboratory. 18 December 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181228035112/http://pluto.jhuapl.edu/News-Center/News-Article.php?page=20181218">Archived</a> from the original on 28 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=pluto.jhuapl.edu&rft.atitle=NASA%27s+New+Horizons+Spacecraft+Takes+the+Inside+Course+to+Ultima+Thule&rft.date=2018-12-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpluto.jhuapl.edu%2FNews-Center%2FNews-Article.php%3Fpage%3D20181218&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A486958+Arrokoth" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYT-20190102-kc-137"><a href="#cite_ref-NYT-20190102-kc_137-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChang2019" class="citation news cs1">Chang, Kenneth (2 January 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/02/science/ultima-thule-pictures-new-horizons.html">"NASA's New Horizons Mission Releases Snowman-like Picture of Ultima Thule"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. Retrieved 2 January 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=NASA%27s+New+Horizons+Mission+Releases+Snowman-like+Picture+of+Ultima+Thule&rft.date=2019-01-02&rft.aulast=Chang&rft.aufirst=Kenneth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2019%2F01%2F02%2Fscience%2Fultima-thule-pictures-new-horizons.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A486958+Arrokoth" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-LORRI-images-138"><a href="#cite_ref-LORRI-images_138-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pluto.jhuapl.edu/soc/Arrokoth-Encounter/">"LORRI Images from the Arrokoth Flyby"</a>. pluto.jhuapl.edu. Applied Physics Laboratory. 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Close</a> at NASA Solar System Exploration</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pluto.jhuapl.edu/Arrokoth/Arrokoth.php">About Arrokoth (2014 MU69)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pluto.jhuapl.edu/soc/Arrokoth-Encounter/">LORRI Images from the Arrokoth Flyby</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://newton.spacedys.com/astdys/index.php?n=486958&pc=1.1.0">486958 Arrokoth</a> at AstDyS-2, Asteroids—Dynamic Site <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://newton.spacedys.com/astdys/index.php?n=486958&pc=1.1.3.0">Ephemeris</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://newton.spacedys.com/astdys/index.php?n=486958&pc=1.1.4.0">Observation prediction</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://newton.spacedys.com/astdys/index.php?n=486958&pc=1.1.1">Orbital info</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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<a href="/wiki/Category:Space_probes_launched_in_2018" title="Category:Space probes launched in 2018"><img alt="Space probes launched in 2018" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/15px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/30px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transiting_Exoplanet_Survey_Satellite" title="Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite">TESS</a> (lunar flyby; Apr 2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queqiao_relay_satellite" class="mw-redirect" title="Queqiao relay satellite">Queqiao</a> (mission to the 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/NASA-Icarus-MostDistantMainSequenceStar-20180402.jpg/150px-NASA-Icarus-MostDistantMainSequenceStar-20180402.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/NASA-Icarus-MostDistantMainSequenceStar-20180402.jpg/225px-NASA-Icarus-MostDistantMainSequenceStar-20180402.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/NASA-Icarus-MostDistantMainSequenceStar-20180402.jpg/300px-NASA-Icarus-MostDistantMainSequenceStar-20180402.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="667" /></a> <a href="/wiki/File:PIA22876-InSight-FirstSelfie-20181211.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/PIA22876-InSight-FirstSelfie-20181211.jpg/150px-PIA22876-InSight-FirstSelfie-20181211.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/PIA22876-InSight-FirstSelfie-20181211.jpg/225px-PIA22876-InSight-FirstSelfie-20181211.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/PIA22876-InSight-FirstSelfie-20181211.jpg/300px-PIA22876-InSight-FirstSelfie-20181211.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4391" data-file-height="2504" /></a> <a href="/wiki/File:Bennu_at_300_pixels_(wide).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Bennu_at_300_pixels_%28wide%29.png/150px-Bennu_at_300_pixels_%28wide%29.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Bennu_at_300_pixels_%28wide%29.png/225px-Bennu_at_300_pixels_%28wide%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Bennu_at_300_pixels_%28wide%29.png/300px-Bennu_at_300_pixels_%28wide%29.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="350" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Impact_event" title="Impact event">Impact events</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2018_LA" title="2018 LA">2018 LA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamchatka_meteor" title="Kamchatka meteor">Kamchatka meteor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Selected <a href="/wiki/Near-Earth_object" title="Near-Earth object">NEOs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_asteroid_close_approaches_to_Earth_in_2018" title="List of asteroid close approaches to Earth in 2018">Asteroid close approaches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_WC9" title="2010 WC9">2010 WC9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_VR12" title="2017 VR12">2017 VR12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_YE5" title="2017 YE5">2017 YE5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_YZ1" class="mw-redirect" title="2017 YZ1">2017 YZ1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_AH" title="2018 AH">2018 AH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_BD" title="2018 BD">2018 BD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_BF3" title="2018 BF3">2018 BF3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_CB" title="2018 CB">2018 CB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_CC" title="2018 CC">2018 CC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/(276033)_2002_AJ129" title="(276033) 2002 AJ129">(276033) 2002 AJ129</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/(505657)_2014_SR339" title="(505657) 2014 SR339">(505657) 2014 SR339</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_CF2" title="2018 CF2">2018 CF2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_CL" title="2018 CL">2018 CL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_CN2" title="2018 CN2">2018 CN2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_CY2" title="2018 CY2">2018 CY2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_DV1" title="2018 DV1">2018 DV1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_GE3" title="2018 GE3">2018 GE3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_PD20" title="2018 PD20">2018 PD20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_LF16" title="2018 LF16">2018 LF16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_WV1" title="2018 WV1">2018 WV1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/(163899)_2003_SD220" title="(163899) 2003 SD220">(163899) 2003 SD220</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_exoplanets_discovered_in_2018" title="List of exoplanets discovered in 2018">Exoplanets</a> <a href="/wiki/Category:Exoplanets_discovered_in_2018" title="Category:Exoplanets discovered in 2018"><img alt="Exoplanets discovered in 2018" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/15px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/30px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gliese_1132" class="mw-redirect" title="Gliese 1132">Gliese 1132 c</a></li> <li>possible <a href="/wiki/Exomoon" title="Exomoon">exomoon</a> <a href="/wiki/Kepler-1625b_I" title="Kepler-1625b I">Kepler-1625b I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K2-141b" title="K2-141b">K2-141b</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K2-146b" title="K2-146b">K2-146b</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K2-148b" title="K2-148b">K2-148b</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K2-155d" title="K2-155d">K2-155d</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K2-229b" title="K2-229b">K2-229b</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K2-239" title="K2-239">K2-239b</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K2-239" title="K2-239">K2-239c</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K2-239" title="K2-239">K2-239d</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K2-288Bb" title="K2-288Bb">K2-288Bb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barnard%27s_Star_b" class="mw-redirect" title="Barnard's Star b">Barnard's Star b</a> (refuted in 2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/EPIC_211945201_b" class="mw-redirect" title="EPIC 211945201 b">EPIC 211945201 b</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HD_89345_b" title="HD 89345 b">HD 89345 b</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KELT-21b" title="KELT-21b">KELT-21b</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGTS-3Ab" title="NGTS-3Ab">NGTS-3Ab</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Discoveries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LSPM_J0207%2B3331" title="LSPM J0207+3331">LSPM J0207+3331</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VVV-WIT-07" title="VVV-WIT-07">VVV-WIT-07</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MACS_J1149_Lensed_Star_1" title="MACS J1149 Lensed Star 1">MACS J1149 Lensed Star 1</a></li> <li>10 <a href="/wiki/Moons_of_Jupiter" title="Moons of Jupiter">moons of Jupiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/541132_Lele%C4%81k%C5%ABhonua" title="541132 Leleākūhonua">541132 Leleākūhonua</a> (announced)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperion_proto-supercluster" title="Hyperion proto-supercluster">Hyperion proto-supercluster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2MASS_J18082002%E2%88%925104378" title="2MASS J18082002−5104378">2MASS J18082002−5104378</a></li> <li>Farout (<a href="/wiki/2018_VG18" title="2018 VG18">2018 VG18</a>)</li> <li>FarFarOut (<a href="/wiki/2018_AG37" title="2018 AG37">2018 AG37</a> first imaged)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/AT2018hyz" title="AT2018hyz">AT2018hyz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SN_2018cow" title="SN 2018cow">SN 2018cow</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nova" title="Nova">Novae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/V357_Muscae" title="V357 Muscae">V357 Muscae</a> (Nova Muscae)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/V906_Carinae" title="V906 Carinae">V906 Carinae</a> (Nova Carinae)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/V392_Persei" title="V392 Persei">V392 Persei</a> (Nova Persei)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Comets <a href="/wiki/Category:Comets_in_2018" title="Category:Comets in 2018"><img alt="Comets in 2018" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/15px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/30px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/C/2017_T1_(Heinze)" title="C/2017 T1 (Heinze)">C/2017 T1 (Heinze)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2017_U7" class="mw-redirect" title="C/2017 U7">C/2017 U7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2018_C2_(Lemmon)" title="C/2018 C2 (Lemmon)">C/2018 C2 (Lemmon)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/37P/Forbes" title="37P/Forbes">37P/Forbes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/66P/du_Toit" title="66P/du Toit">66P/du Toit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/64P/Swift%E2%80%93Gehrels" title="64P/Swift–Gehrels">64P/Swift–Gehrels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/38P/Stephan%E2%80%93Oterma" title="38P/Stephan–Oterma">38P/Stephan–Oterma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2018_F4_(PanSTARRS)" title="C/2018 F4 (PanSTARRS)">C/2018 F4 (PanSTARRS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2018_V1_(Machholz-Fujikawa-Iwamoto)" class="mw-redirect" title="C/2018 V1 (Machholz-Fujikawa-Iwamoto)">C/2018 V1 (Machholz-Fujikawa-Iwamoto)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/46P/Wirtanen" title="46P/Wirtanen">46P/Wirtanen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Space exploration</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hayabusa2" title="Hayabusa2">Hayabusa2</a> (asteroid <a href="/wiki/162173_Ryugu" title="162173 Ryugu">Ryugu</a> arrival; Jun 2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler_space_telescope" title="Kepler space telescope">Kepler retirement</a> (Oct 2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/InSight" title="InSight">InSight</a> (Mars landing; Oct 2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dawn_(spacecraft)" title="Dawn (spacecraft)">Dawn retirement</a> (Nov 2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/OSIRIS-REx" title="OSIRIS-REx">OSIRIS-REx</a> (asteroid <a href="/wiki/101955_Bennu" title="101955 Bennu">Bennu</a> arrival; Dec 2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voyager_2" title="Voyager 2">Voyager 2</a> (enters interstellar space; Dec 2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Horizons" title="New Horizons">New Horizons</a> (encounter with <a class="mw-selflink selflink">486958 Arrokoth</a>; Dec 2018 / Jan 2019)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Earth-moon.jpg/32px-Earth-moon.jpg" decoding="async" width="32" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Earth-moon.jpg/48px-Earth-moon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Earth-moon.jpg/64px-Earth-moon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2400" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Outer_space" title="Portal:Outer space">Outer space portal</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:2017_in_outer_space" title="Category:2017 in outer space">2017 in outer space</a> — <a href="/wiki/Category:2018_in_outer_space" title="Category:2018 in outer space">2018 in outer space</a> — <a href="/wiki/Category:2019_in_outer_space" title="Category:2019 in outer space">2019 in outer space</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="2019_in_space" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:2019_in_space" title="Template:2019 in space"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:2019_in_space" title="Template talk:2019 in space"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:2019_in_space" title="Special:EditPage/Template:2019 in space"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="2019_in_space" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">2019 in space</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><div style="float: left;"> « <a href="/wiki/Template:2018_in_space" title="Template:2018 in space">2018</a></div> <div style="float: right;"><a href="/wiki/Template:2020_in_space" title="Template:2020 in space">2020</a> »</div></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/2019_in_spaceflight" title="2019 in spaceflight">Space probe launches</a> <a href="/wiki/Category:Space_probes_launched_in_2019" title="Category:Space probes launched in 2019"><img alt="Space probes launched in 2019" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/15px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/30px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beresheet" title="Beresheet">Beresheet</a> (lunar lander; Feb 2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/LightSail#LightSail_2" title="LightSail">LightSail 2</a> (solar sail demonstration; Jun 2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandrayaan-2" title="Chandrayaan-2">Chandrayaan-2</a> / <a href="/wiki/Chandrayaan-2#Vikram_lander" title="Chandrayaan-2">Vikram</a> / <a href="/wiki/Pragyan_(Chandrayaan-2)" title="Pragyan (Chandrayaan-2)">Pragyan</a> (lunar obiter, lander and rover; Jul 2019)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px;padding-left: 0.5em;"><div><a href="/wiki/File:UltimaThule_CA06_color_20190516.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/UltimaThule_CA06_color_20190516.png/150px-UltimaThule_CA06_color_20190516.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/UltimaThule_CA06_color_20190516.png/225px-UltimaThule_CA06_color_20190516.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/UltimaThule_CA06_color_20190516.png/300px-UltimaThule_CA06_color_20190516.png 2x" data-file-width="1860" data-file-height="1302" /></a> <a href="/wiki/File:Black_hole_-_Messier_87.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Black_hole_-_Messier_87.jpg/150px-Black_hole_-_Messier_87.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Black_hole_-_Messier_87.jpg/225px-Black_hole_-_Messier_87.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Black_hole_-_Messier_87.jpg/300px-Black_hole_-_Messier_87.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7416" data-file-height="4320" /></a> <a href="/wiki/File:Esa-hubble-k2-18a_impression.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Esa-hubble-k2-18a_impression.jpg/150px-Esa-hubble-k2-18a_impression.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Esa-hubble-k2-18a_impression.jpg/225px-Esa-hubble-k2-18a_impression.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Esa-hubble-k2-18a_impression.jpg/300px-Esa-hubble-k2-18a_impression.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="3500" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Impact_event" title="Impact event">Impact events</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kamchatka_meteor" title="Kamchatka meteor">Kamchatka meteor</a> (announced)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_MO" title="2019 MO">2019 MO</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Selected <a href="/wiki/Near-Earth_object" title="Near-Earth object">NEOs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_asteroid_close_approaches_to_Earth_in_2019" title="List of asteroid close approaches to Earth in 2019">Asteroid close approaches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_XB4" title="2018 XB4">2018 XB4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_AS5" title="2019 AS5">2019 AS5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_AZ8" title="2016 AZ8">2016 AZ8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/66391_Moshup" title="66391 Moshup">66391 Moshup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_OK" title="2019 OK">2019 OK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1620_Geographos" title="1620 Geographos">1620 Geographos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_QV89" title="2006 QV89">2006 QV89</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2100_Ra-Shalom" title="2100 Ra-Shalom">2100 Ra-Shalom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_SU3" title="2019 SU3">2019 SU3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_TA7" title="2019 TA7">2019 TA7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_UN13" title="2019 UN13">2019 UN13</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_exoplanets_discovered_in_2019" title="List of exoplanets discovered in 2019">Exoplanets</a> <a href="/wiki/Category:Exoplanets_discovered_in_2019" title="Category:Exoplanets discovered in 2019"><img alt="Exoplanets discovered in 2019" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/15px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/30px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AD_Leonis" title="AD Leonis">AD Leonis</a> b</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beta_Pictoris_c" title="Beta Pictoris c">Beta Pictoris c</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DS_Tucanae" title="DS Tucanae">DS Tucanae</a> b</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gliese_251" title="Gliese 251">Gliese 251</a> c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gliese_357_d" title="Gliese 357 d">Gliese 357 d</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gliese_588" title="Gliese 588">Gliese 588</a> <ul><li>b</li> <li>c</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gliese_687" title="Gliese 687">Gliese 687</a> c</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gliese_555" class="mw-redirect" title="Gliese 555">Gliese 555</a> b</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gliese_754" title="Gliese 754">Gliese 754</a> b</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gliese_784" title="Gliese 784">Gliese 784</a> b</li> <li><a href="/wiki/HR_5183_b" title="HR 5183 b">HR 5183 b</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler-47d" class="mw-redirect" title="Kepler-47d">Kepler-47d</a> confirmed</li> <li><a href="/wiki/K2-288Bb" title="K2-288Bb">K2-288Bb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L_1159-16" class="mw-redirect" title="L 1159-16">L 1159-16</a> <ul><li>b</li> <li>c</li> <li>d</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LP_816-60" title="LP 816-60">LP 816-60</a> b</li> <li><a href="/wiki/LTT_1445" title="LTT 1445">LTT 1445</a> Ab</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luyten%27s_Star" title="Luyten's Star">Luyten's Star</a> <ul><li>d</li> <li>e</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PDS_70" title="PDS 70">PDS 70c</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proxima_Centauri_c" title="Proxima Centauri c">Proxima Centauri c</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Struve_2398" title="Struve 2398">Struve 2398</a> <ul><li>Bb</li> <li>Bc</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tau_Ceti" title="Tau Ceti">Tau Ceti</a> i (hypothesized)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teegarden%27s_Star" title="Teegarden's Star">Teegarden's Star</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Teegarden%27s_Star_b" title="Teegarden's Star b">b</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teegarden%27s_Star_c" title="Teegarden's Star c">c</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V1298_Tauri" title="V1298 Tauri">V1298 Tauri</a> <ul><li>b</li> <li>c</li> <li>d</li> <li>e</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolf_359" title="Wolf 359">Wolf 359</a> <ul><li>b</li> <li>c</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Discoveries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2019_AQ3" title="2019 AQ3">2019 AQ3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASASSN-19bt" title="ASASSN-19bt">ASASSN-19bt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AT2019qiz" title="AT2019qiz">AT2019qiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GRB_190114C" title="GRB 190114C">GRB 190114C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EPIC_204376071" title="EPIC 204376071">EPIC 204376071</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GW190412" title="GW190412">GW190412</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GW190521g" class="mw-redirect" title="GW190521g">GW190521g</a> (first-ever light from bh-bh merger)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/GW190814" title="GW190814">GW190814</a> (first-ever "mass-gap" collision)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/J043947.08%2B163415.7" class="mw-redirect" title="J043947.08+163415.7">J043947.08+163415.7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K2-18b" title="K2-18b">K2-18b</a> water vapor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messier_87#Supermassive_black_hole_M87*" title="Messier 87">M87*</a> imaged</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=PSR_J0030%2B0451&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PSR J0030+0451 (page does not exist)">PSR J0030+0451</a> mapped</li> <li><a href="/wiki/PSR_J0740%2B6620" title="PSR J0740+6620">PSR J0740+6620</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S5-HVS1" title="S5-HVS1">S5-HVS1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2I/Borisov" title="2I/Borisov">2I/Borisov</a></li> <li>20 <a href="/wiki/Moons_of_Saturn" title="Moons of Saturn">moons of Saturn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WD_0145%2B234" title="WD 0145+234">WD 0145+234</a> detection of <a href="/wiki/Exoasteroid" title="Exoasteroid">exoasteroid</a> disruption</li> <li><a href="/wiki/WD_J0914%2B1914" title="WD J0914+1914">WD J0914+1914</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Comets <a href="/wiki/Category:Comets_in_2019" title="Category:Comets in 2019"><img alt="Comets in 2019" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/15px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/30px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/C/2018_Y1_(Iwamoto)" title="C/2018 Y1 (Iwamoto)">C/2018 Y1 (Iwamoto)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/78P/Gehrels" title="78P/Gehrels">78P/Gehrels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/168P/Hergenrother" title="168P/Hergenrother">168P/Hergenrother</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/163P/NEAT" title="163P/NEAT">163P/NEAT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/138P/Shoemaker%E2%80%93Levy" title="138P/Shoemaker–Levy">138P/Shoemaker–Levy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/171P/Spahr" title="171P/Spahr">171P/Spahr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/289P/Blanpain" title="289P/Blanpain">289P/Blanpain</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Space exploration</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Horizons" title="New Horizons">New Horizons</a> (encounter with <a class="mw-selflink selflink">486958 Arrokoth</a>; Dec 2018 / Jan 2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_4" title="Chang'e 4">Chang'e 4</a> / <a href="/wiki/Yutu-2" title="Yutu-2">Yutu-2</a> (landing on the <a href="/wiki/Far_side_of_the_Moon" title="Far side of the Moon">far side of the Moon</a>; Jan 2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opportunity_(rover)" title="Opportunity (rover)">Opportunity</a> (end of mission; Aug 2018 / Feb 2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hayabusa2" title="Hayabusa2">Hayabusa2</a> (departure from <a href="/wiki/162173_Ryugu" title="162173 Ryugu">162173 Ryugu</a>; Dec 2019)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Earth-moon.jpg/32px-Earth-moon.jpg" decoding="async" width="32" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Earth-moon.jpg/48px-Earth-moon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Earth-moon.jpg/64px-Earth-moon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2400" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Outer_space" title="Portal:Outer space">Outer space portal</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:2018_in_outer_space" title="Category:2018 in outer space">Category:2018 in outer space</a> — <a href="/wiki/Category:2019_in_outer_space" title="Category:2019 in outer space">Category:2019 in outer space</a> — <a href="/wiki/Category:2020_in_outer_space" title="Category:2020 in outer space">Category:2020 in outer space</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Minor_planets_navigator" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Minor_planets_navigator" title="Template:Minor planets navigator"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Minor_planets_navigator" title="Template talk:Minor planets navigator"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Minor_planets_navigator" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Minor planets navigator"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Minor_planets_navigator" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_minor_planets#Main_index" title="List of minor planets">Minor planets navigator</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_minor_planets:_486001%E2%80%93487000#958" title="List of minor planets: 486001–487000">486958 Arrokoth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Small_Solar_System_bodies" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Small_Solar_System_bodies" title="Template:Small Solar System bodies"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Small_Solar_System_bodies" title="Template talk:Small Solar System bodies"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Small_Solar_System_bodies" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Small Solar System bodies"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Small_Solar_System_bodies" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Small_Solar_System_body" title="Small Solar System body">Small Solar System bodies</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Minor_planet" title="Minor planet">Minor planets</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Minor-planet_designation" title="Minor-planet designation">Designation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_minor-planet_groups" title="List of minor-planet groups">Groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_minor_planets" title="List of minor planets">List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minor-planet_moon" title="Minor-planet moon">Moon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meanings_of_minor-planet_names" title="Meanings of minor-planet names">Meanings of names</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Asteroid" title="Asteroid">Asteroid</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Active_asteroid" title="Active asteroid">Active</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aten_asteroid" title="Aten asteroid">Aten asteroid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asteroid_belt" title="Asteroid belt">Asteroid belt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asteroid_family" title="Asteroid family">Family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jupiter_trojan" title="Jupiter trojan">Jupiter trojan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Near-Earth_object" title="Near-Earth object">Near-Earth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asteroid_spectral_types" title="Asteroid spectral types">Spectral types</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Distant_minor_planet" title="Distant minor planet">Distant minor planet</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Centaur_(small_Solar_System_body)" title="Centaur (small Solar System body)">Centaur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neptune_trojan" title="Neptune trojan">Neptune trojan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damocloid" title="Damocloid">Damocloid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trans-Neptunian_object" title="Trans-Neptunian object">Trans-Neptunian object</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Detached_object" title="Detached object">Detached</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuiper_belt" title="Kuiper belt">Kuiper belt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oort_cloud" title="Oort cloud">Oort cloud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scattered_disc" title="Scattered disc">Scattered disc</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Comet" title="Comet">Comets</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Extinct_comet" title="Extinct comet">Extinct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_comet" title="Great comet">Great</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Halley-type_comets" title="List of Halley-type comets">Halley-type</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_hyperbolic_comets" title="List of hyperbolic comets">Hyperbolic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_long-period_comets" title="List of long-period comets">Long-period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lost_comet" title="Lost comet">Lost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_near-parabolic_comets" title="List of near-parabolic comets">Near-parabolic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_periodic_comets" title="List of periodic comets">Periodic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sungrazing_comet" title="Sungrazing comet">Sungrazing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cosmic_dust" title="Cosmic dust">Cosmic dust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meteoroid" title="Meteoroid">Meteoroids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_debris" title="Space debris">Space debris</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="New_Horizons" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:New_Horizons" title="Template:New Horizons"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:New_Horizons" title="Template talk:New Horizons"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:New_Horizons" title="Special:EditPage/Template:New Horizons"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="New_Horizons" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/New_Horizons" title="New Horizons">New Horizons</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_New_Horizons" title="Timeline of New Horizons">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exploration_of_Pluto" title="Exploration of Pluto">Exploration of Pluto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_New_Horizons_topics" title="List of New Horizons topics">List of New Horizons topics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Frontiers_program" title="New Frontiers program">New Frontiers program</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Targets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em">Flybys</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/132524_APL" title="132524 APL">132524 APL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jupiter" title="Jupiter">Jupiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pluto" title="Pluto">Pluto</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">486958 Arrokoth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em">Observations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neptune" title="Neptune">Neptune</a> and <a href="/wiki/Triton_(moon)" title="Triton (moon)">Triton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_JY31" title="2011 JY31">2011 JY31</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_KW48" title="2011 KW48">2011 KW48</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/15810_Arawn" title="15810 Arawn">15810 Arawn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/28978_Ixion" title="28978 Ixion">28978 Ixion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quaoar" title="Quaoar">Quaoar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haumea" title="Haumea">Haumea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eris_(dwarf_planet)" title="Eris (dwarf planet)">Eris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makemake" title="Makemake">Makemake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/(307261)_2002_MS4" title="(307261) 2002 MS4">(307261) 2002 MS4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/(516977)_2012_HZ84" title="(516977) 2012 HZ84">(516977) 2012 HZ84</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/(556416)_2014_OE394" title="(556416) 2014 OE394">(556416) 2014 OE394</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_HE85" title="2012 HE85">2012 HE85</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em">Rejected</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2011_HM102" title="2011 HM102">2011 HM102</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_MT69" title="2014 MT69">2014 MT69</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_OS393" title="2014 OS393">2014 OS393</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_PN70" title="2014 PN70">2014 PN70</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:New_Horizons_spacecraft_model_1.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/New_Horizons_spacecraft_model_1.png/100px-New_Horizons_spacecraft_model_1.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/New_Horizons_spacecraft_model_1.png/150px-New_Horizons_spacecraft_model_1.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/New_Horizons_spacecraft_model_1.png/200px-New_Horizons_spacecraft_model_1.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="746" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Spacecraft</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/New_Horizons#Science_payload" title="New Horizons">Instruments</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alice_(spacecraft_instrument)" title="Alice (spacecraft instrument)">Alice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_Range_Reconnaissance_Imager" title="Long Range Reconnaissance Imager">Long Range Reconnaissance Imager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pluto_Energetic_Particle_Spectrometer_Science_Investigation" title="Pluto Energetic Particle Spectrometer Science Investigation">PEPSSI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_(New_Horizons)" title="Ralph (New Horizons)">Ralph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/REX_(New_Horizons)" title="REX (New Horizons)">REX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venetia_Burney_Student_Dust_Counter" title="Venetia Burney Student Dust Counter">Venetia Burney Student Dust Counter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SWAP_(New_Horizons)" title="SWAP (New Horizons)">SWAP</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em">Subsystems</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GPHS-RTG" title="GPHS-RTG">GPHS-RTG</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Personnel</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em">Institutions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Applied_Physics_Laboratory" title="Applied Physics Laboratory">Applied Physics Laboratory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ball_Aerospace" class="mw-redirect" title="Ball Aerospace">Ball Aerospace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goddard_Space_Flight_Center" title="Goddard Space Flight Center">Goddard Space Flight Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jet_Propulsion_Laboratory" title="Jet Propulsion Laboratory">Jet Propulsion Laboratory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KinetX" title="KinetX">KinetX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southwest_Research_Institute" title="Southwest Research Institute">Southwest Research Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanford_University" title="Stanford University">Stanford University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Colorado" title="University of Colorado">University of Colorado</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Bagenal" class="mw-redirect" title="Frances Bagenal">Frances Bagenal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_P._Binzel" title="Richard P. Binzel">Richard Binzel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_Bowman" title="Alice Bowman">Alice Bowman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marc_William_Buie" class="mw-redirect" title="Marc William Buie">Marc Buie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisa_Hardaway" title="Lisa Hardaway">Lisa Hardaway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_May" title="Brian May">Brian May</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cathy_Olkin" title="Cathy Olkin">Cathy Olkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Sarokon" title="Daniel Sarokon">Daniel Sarokon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_R._Showalter" title="Mark R. Showalter">Mark Showalter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Stern" title="Alan Stern">Alan Stern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hal_A._Weaver" title="Hal A. Weaver">Hal Weaver</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Logistics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atlas_V" title="Atlas V">Atlas V</a> (launch vehicle)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centaur_(rocket_stage)" title="Centaur (rocket stage)">Centaur</a> (upper stage)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_48" title="Star 48">Star 48B</a> (3rd stage)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Canaveral_Air_Force_Station_Space_Launch_Complex_41" class="mw-redirect" title="Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Space Launch Complex 41">Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Space Launch Complex 41</a> (launch site)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Deep_Space_Network" title="NASA Deep Space Network">Deep Space Network</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hubble_Space_Telescope" title="Hubble Space Telescope">Hubble Space Telescope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuiper_belt" title="Kuiper belt">Kuiper belt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Horizons_2" title="New Horizons 2">New Horizons 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pluto_Kuiper_Express" title="Pluto Kuiper Express">Pluto Kuiper Express</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:New_Horizons" title="Category:New Horizons">Category</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18325885#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2486958">JPL SBDB</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=486958">MPC</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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