CINXE.COM
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8" content="text/html;charset=utf-8;"> <title data-react-helmet="true" property="og:title">gallant | Etymology of gallant by etymonline</title> <meta data-react-helmet="true" http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge,chrome=1"/><meta data-react-helmet="true" name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"/><meta data-react-helmet="true" name="apple-mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes"/><meta data-react-helmet="true" name="theme-color" content="#83001d"/><meta data-react-helmet="true" name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#83001d"/><meta data-react-helmet="true" name="msapplication-TileImage" content="/ms-icon-144x144.png"/><meta data-react-helmet="true" name="description" property="og:description" content=""showy, finely dressed; gay, merry," from Old French galant "courteous," earlier… See origin and meaning of gallant."/><meta data-react-helmet="true" property="og:image" content="https://www.etymonline.com/graphics/header.jpg"/><meta data-react-helmet="true" name="twitter:card" content="summary"/> <link data-react-helmet="true" rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="https://www.etymonline.com/opensearch.xml" title="Etymonline Search"/><link data-react-helmet="true" rel="chrome-webstore-item" href="https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/giehjnnlopapngdjbjjgddpaagoimmgl"/><link data-react-helmet="true" rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="57x57" href="https://cdn.etymonline.com/projects/etymonline-main-v3/favicon/apple-icon-57x57.png"/><link data-react-helmet="true" rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="60x60" href="https://cdn.etymonline.com/projects/etymonline-main-v3/favicon/apple-icon-60x60.png"/><link data-react-helmet="true" rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="72x72" href="https://cdn.etymonline.com/projects/etymonline-main-v3/favicon/apple-icon-72x72.png"/><link data-react-helmet="true" rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="76x76" href="https://cdn.etymonline.com/projects/etymonline-main-v3/favicon/apple-icon-76x76.png"/><link data-react-helmet="true" rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="114x114" href="https://cdn.etymonline.com/projects/etymonline-main-v3/favicon/apple-icon-114x114.png"/><link data-react-helmet="true" rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="120x120" href="https://cdn.etymonline.com/projects/etymonline-main-v3/favicon/apple-icon-120x120.png"/><link data-react-helmet="true" rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="144x144" href="https://cdn.etymonline.com/projects/etymonline-main-v3/favicon/apple-icon-144x144.png"/><link data-react-helmet="true" rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="152x152" href="https://cdn.etymonline.com/projects/etymonline-main-v3/favicon/apple-icon-152x152.png"/><link data-react-helmet="true" rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="https://cdn.etymonline.com/projects/etymonline-main-v3/favicon/apple-icon-180x180.png"/><link data-react-helmet="true" rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="192x192" href="https://cdn.etymonline.com/projects/etymonline-main-v3/favicon/android-icon-192x192.png"/><link data-react-helmet="true" rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="32x32" href="https://cdn.etymonline.com/projects/etymonline-main-v3/favicon/favicon-32x32.png"/><link data-react-helmet="true" rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="96x96" href="https://cdn.etymonline.com/projects/etymonline-main-v3/favicon/favicon-96x96.png"/><link data-react-helmet="true" rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="16x16" href="https://cdn.etymonline.com/projects/etymonline-main-v3/favicon/favicon-16x16.png"/><link data-react-helmet="true" rel="manifest" href="/manifest.json"/><link data-react-helmet="true" type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.etymonline.com/projects/etymonline-main-v3/fontawesome/css/font-awesome.min.css"/><link data-react-helmet="true" type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.etymonline.com/projects/etymonline-main-v3/style.1ca52a5f895b4c08a29e26a206c2dacb.css"/><link data-react-helmet="true" rel="canonical" href="https://www.etymonline.com/word/gallant"/><link data-react-helmet="true" rel="alternate" hrefLang="en" href="https://www.etymonline.com/word/gallant"/><link data-react-helmet="true" rel="alternate" hrefLang="zh" href="https://www.etymonline.com/cn/word/gallant"/><link data-react-helmet="true" rel="alternate" hrefLang="de" href="https://www.etymonline.com/de/word/gallant"/><link data-react-helmet="true" rel="alternate" hrefLang="es" href="https://www.etymonline.com/es/word/gallant"/><link data-react-helmet="true" rel="alternate" hrefLang="fr" href="https://www.etymonline.com/fr/word/gallant"/><link data-react-helmet="true" rel="alternate" hrefLang="it" href="https://www.etymonline.com/it/word/gallant"/><link data-react-helmet="true" rel="alternate" hrefLang="ja" href="https://www.etymonline.com/jp/word/gallant"/><link data-react-helmet="true" rel="alternate" hrefLang="ko" href="https://www.etymonline.com/kr/word/gallant"/><link data-react-helmet="true" rel="alternate" hrefLang="pt" href="https://www.etymonline.com/pt/word/gallant"/><link data-react-helmet="true" rel="alternate" hrefLang="zh-TW" href="https://www.etymonline.com/tw/word/gallant"/><link data-react-helmet="true" rel="alternate" hrefLang="x-default" href="https://www.etymonline.com/word/gallant"/> <style data-react-helmet="true" type="text/css">@-webkit-keyframes slideDown{0%{-webkit-transform:translateY(0);transform:translateY(0)}100%{-webkit-transform:translateY(100%);transform:translateY(100%)}}@keyframes slideDown{0%{-webkit-transform:translateY(0);transform:translateY(0)}100%{-webkit-transform:translateY(100%);transform:translateY(100%)}}@-webkit-keyframes slideUp{0%{-webkit-transform:translateY(100%);transform:translateY(100%)}100%{-webkit-transform:translateY(0);transform:translateY(0)}}@keyframes slideUp{0%{-webkit-transform:translateY(100%);transform:translateY(100%)}100%{-webkit-transform:translateY(0);transform:translateY(0)}}</style> <script async src="https://securepubads.g.doubleclick.net/tag/js/gpt.js"></script><script>window.googletag = window.googletag || {cmd: []};</script> </head> <body> <div id="root"><div data-reactroot=""><div class="container--1mazc"><div class="header header--1Mejf header__vanila--2dqaM header--top header__sticky--1w7Bc"><div class="header__vanila__container--CElq1"><div class="ant-row"><div class="ant-col-sm-17"><div class="inner--7ZeMs" data-role="header-inner"><div class="header__logo--12Lje" data-role="header-logo"><a href="/" title="Etymology"><img class="header__logo__image--2avl2" src="https://cdn.etymonline.com/web/logo.png" alt="Etymology"/></a></div><div class="header__searchbar--3yKr5" data-role="header-searchbar"><div class="searchform"><form class="searchbar--3dK8Z searchbar" action="/search"><div role="combobox" aria-haspopup="listbox" aria-owns="react-autowhatever-1" aria-expanded="false" class="searchbar__container--2VZd7"><input type="text" value="" autoComplete="off" aria-autocomplete="list" aria-controls="react-autowhatever-1" class="searchbar__input--3L4IY" id="search-bar-text-input" placeholder="Search" name="q" required="" autoCapitalize="off" autoCorrect="off" title="Type a word to search."/><div id="react-autowhatever-1" role="listbox"></div></div><div class="search-clear"><i class="fa fa-times-circle"></i></div><input type="submit" title="Search" value="" class="searchbar__button--3luO1"/></form></div></div></div></div><div class="ant-col-sm-6 ant-col-sm-offset-1"><div class="userInfo--3pEnp"><a class="userInfo_login--1peTS" href="/web/login?redirect_uri=%2Fword%2Fgallant" rel="nofollow">Log in</a></div></div></div></div></div><div class="main main--10rAd" data-role="content-main"><div class="ant-row-flex ant-row-flex-space-around"><div class="ant-col-xs-24 ant-col-sm-24 ant-col-md-24 ant-col-lg-17"><div data-ad-container="true" class="adContainer--6CVz1 vertical"><span class="adLabel--35hfi">Advertisement</span><div id="div-gpt-ad-pc-wd-top" style="min-width:728px;min-height:90px"></div></div><div class="word--C9UPa"><div><div class="" style="position:relative"><h1 title="Origin and meaning of gallant" class="word__name--TTbAA">gallant<!-- --> <!-- -->(adj.)</h1><section class="word__defination--2q7ZH"><p>mid-15c., "showy, finely dressed; gay, merry," from Old French <span class="foreign notranslate">galant</span> "courteous," earlier "amusing, entertaining; lively, bold" (14c.), present participle of <span class="foreign notranslate">galer</span> "rejoice, make merry," which is of uncertain origin. Perhaps from a Latinized verb formed from Frankish <span class="foreign notranslate">*wala-</span> "good, well," from Proto-Germanic <span class="foreign notranslate">*wal-</span> (source also of Old High German <span class="foreign notranslate">wallon</span> "to wander, go on a pilgrimage"), from PIE root <span class="foreign notranslate">*wel-</span> (2) "to wish, will" (see <a href="/word/will" title="Etymology, meaning and definition of will " class="crossreference notranslate">will</a> (v.)), "but the transition of sense offers difficulties that are not fully cleared up" [OED]. Sense of "politely attentive to women" was adopted early 17c. from French. Attempts to distinguish this sense by accent are an 18c. artifice.</p></section><div class="word__firstRecorded--3lZB8">also from<!-- --> <a rel="nofollow" class="word__firstRecorded_time--28qNE" href="/search?sort=a&q=from:mid-15c.">mid-15c.</a></div></div></div></div><div class="word--C9UPa"><div><div class="" style="position:relative"><div id="etymonline_v_44344" style="position:absolute;top:-100px"></div><p title="Origin and meaning of gallant" class="word__name--TTbAA">gallant<!-- --> <!-- -->(n.)</p><section class="word__defination--2q7ZH"><p>mid-15c., "man of fashion and pleasure," earlier "dissolute man, rake" (early 15c.); from <a href="/word/gallant#etymonline_v_1232" title="Etymology, meaning and definition of gallant " class="crossreference notranslate">gallant</a> (adj.). As "one who is particularly attentive to women" probably by late 15c.</p></section><div class="word__firstRecorded--3lZB8">also from<!-- --> <a rel="nofollow" class="word__firstRecorded_time--28qNE" href="/search?sort=a&q=from:mid-15c.">mid-15c.</a></div></div></div></div><div class="related--32LCi"><h3 class="h3_title" title="words related to gallant">Entries linking to <i>gallant</i></h3><div class="related__details--2kumU"><div class="word--C9UPa word_4pc--2SZw8"><div><a class="word__name--TTbAA word_thumbnail__name--1khEg" style="margin-bottom:5px;display:block" title="Origin and meaning of will" href="/word/will#etymonline_v_8010">will<!-- --> <!-- -->(v.1)<span class="word_thumbnail__name_icon--2RFFN"><i class="fa fa-chevron-right" style="font-size:16px"></i></span></a><div class="word__etymology_expand--1s7tE"><section class="word__defination--2q7ZH undefined"><div></div><p>Old English <span class="foreign notranslate">*willan</span>, <span class="foreign notranslate">wyllan</span> "to wish, desire; be willing; be used to; be about to" (past tense <span class="foreign notranslate">wolde</span>), from Proto-Germanic <span class="foreign notranslate">*willjan</span> (source also of Old Saxon <span class="foreign notranslate">willian</span>, Old Norse <span class="foreign notranslate">vilja</span>, Old Frisian <span class="foreign notranslate">willa</span>, Dutch <span class="foreign notranslate">willen</span>, Old High German <span class="foreign notranslate">wellan</span>, German <span class="foreign notranslate">wollen</span>, Gothic <span class="foreign notranslate">wiljan</span> "to will, wish, desire," Gothic <span class="foreign notranslate">waljan</span> "to choose").</p> <p>The Germanic words are from PIE root <span class="foreign notranslate">*wel-</span> (2) "to wish, will" (source also of Sanskrit <span class="foreign notranslate">vrnoti</span> "chooses, prefers," <span class="foreign notranslate">varyah</span> "to be chosen, eligible, excellent," <span class="foreign notranslate">varanam</span> "choosing;" Avestan <span class="foreign notranslate">verenav-</span> "to wish, will, choose;" Greek <span class="foreign notranslate">elpis</span> "hope;" Latin <span class="foreign notranslate">volo</span>, <span class="foreign notranslate">velle</span> "to wish, will, desire;" Old Church Slavonic <span class="foreign notranslate">voljo</span>, <span class="foreign notranslate">voliti</span> "to will," <span class="foreign notranslate">veljo</span>, <span class="foreign notranslate">veleti</span> "to command;" Lithuanian <span class="foreign notranslate">velyti</span> "to wish, favor," <span class="foreign notranslate">pa-velmi</span> "I will," <span class="foreign notranslate">viliuos</span> "I hope;" Welsh <span class="foreign notranslate">gwell</span> "better").</p> <p>Compare also Old English <span class="foreign notranslate">wel</span> "well," literally "according to one's wish;" <span class="foreign notranslate">wela</span> "well-being, riches." The use as a future auxiliary was already developing in Old English. The implication of intention or volition distinguishes it from <a href="/word/shall" title="Etymology, meaning and definition of shall " class="crossreference notranslate">shall</a>, which expresses or implies obligation or necessity. Contracted forms, especially after pronouns, began to appear 16c., as in <span class="foreign notranslate">sheele</span> for "she will." In early use often <span class="foreign notranslate">-ile</span> to preserve pronunciation. The form with an apostrophe (<span class="foreign notranslate">'ll</span>) is from 17c.</p></section></div></div><div style="clear:both"></div></div><div class="word--C9UPa word_4pc--2SZw8"><div><a class="word__name--TTbAA word_thumbnail__name--1khEg" style="margin-bottom:5px;display:block" title="Origin and meaning of gaberdine" href="/word/gaberdine#etymonline_v_33528">gaberdine<!-- --> <!-- -->(n.)<span class="word_thumbnail__name_icon--2RFFN"><i class="fa fa-chevron-right" style="font-size:16px"></i></span></a><div class="word__etymology_expand--1s7tE"><section class="word__defination--2q7ZH undefined"><div></div><p>"long, loose outer garment," 1510s, from Spanish <span class="foreign notranslate">gabardina</span>, which Watkins says is from French <span class="foreign notranslate">galverdine</span>, from a Germanic source such as Middle High German <span class="foreign notranslate">wallevart</span> "pilgrimage" (German <span class="foreign notranslate">Wallfahrt</span>) in the sense of "pilgrim's cloak." The compound would represent Proto-Germanic <span class="foreign notranslate">*wal-</span> (source also of Old High German <span class="foreign notranslate">wallon</span> "to roam, wander, go on a pilgrimage;" see <a href="/word/gallant#etymonline_v_1232" title="Etymology, meaning and definition of gallant " class="crossreference notranslate">gallant</a> (adj.)) and Proto-Germanic <span class="foreign notranslate">*faran</span> "to go" (from PIE root <a href="/word/*per-" title="Etymology, meaning and definition of *per- " rel="nofollow" class="crossreference notranslate">*per- </a> (2) "to lead, pass over"). The Spanish form perhaps was influenced by Spanish <span class="foreign notranslate">gabán</span> "overcoat" and <span class="foreign notranslate">tabardina</span> "coarse coat." Century Dictionary, however, says the Spanish word is an extended form of <span class="foreign notranslate">gabán</span> and the Spanish word was borrowed and underwent alterations in Old French.</p></section></div></div><div style="clear:both"></div></div></div><ul class="related__container--22iKI"><a target="_self" title="Origin and meaning of gala" href="/word/gala"><li class="related__word--3Si0N">gala</li></a><a target="_self" title="Origin and meaning of gallantly" href="/word/gallantly"><li class="related__word--3Si0N">gallantly</li></a><a target="_self" title="Origin and meaning of gallantry" href="/word/gallantry"><li class="related__word--3Si0N">gallantry</li></a><a target="_self" title="Origin and meaning of gallimaufry" href="/word/gallimaufry"><li class="related__word--3Si0N">gallimaufry</li></a><a target="_self" title="Origin and meaning of gallivant" href="/word/gallivant"><li class="related__word--3Si0N">gallivant</li></a><a target="_self" title="Origin and meaning of regale" href="/word/regale"><li class="related__word--3Si0N">regale</li></a><a target="_self" title="Origin and meaning of ungallant" href="/word/ungallant"><li class="related__word--3Si0N">ungallant</li></a><a class="related__more--1gm0U related__word--3Si0N" href="/word/gallant/related"><li>See all related words (<!-- -->9<!-- -->) <!-- -->></li></a></ul></div><div data-ad-container="true" class="adContainer--6CVz1 vertical" style="margin-top:1em"><span class="adLabel--35hfi">Advertisement</span><ins class="adsbygoogle" data-ad-client="ca-pub-7093273770345366" style="display:block;width:100%" data-ad-slot="8757723469" data-ad-format="auto" data-full-width-responsive="true"></ins></div><div class="ngram--SmXCf"><h3 class="h3_title" title="Trends of gallant">Trends of <i>gallant</i></h3><div class="ngram__container--NwjaG" style="height:200px"><canvas id="ngram-chart"></canvas></div><div class="ngram__footer--3-9dX">adapted from books.google.com/ngrams/. Ngrams are probably unreliable.</div></div><div class="related--32LCi"><h3 class="h3_title" title="More to Explore">More to Explore</h3><div class="related__details--2kumU"><div class="word--C9UPa word_4pc--2SZw8" style="padding:10px 20px"><div><a class="recommended-word" rel="nofollow" data-recommended-type="linked" style="margin-bottom:5px;display:block" title="Origin and meaning of gala" href="/word/gala"><div class="word__name--TTbAA word_thumbnail__name--1khEg" style="font-size:18px">gala<span class="word_thumbnail__name_icon--2RFFN"><i class="fa fa-chevron-right" style="font-size:16px"></i></span></div><section class="word__defination--2q7ZH undefined word__etymology_limit_line--3DeZW" style="cursor:pointer">1620s, "festive dress or attire" (obsolete), from French en gala, perhaps from Old French gale "merriment," from galer "rejoice, make merry" (see gallant). Klein suggests the French word is from Italian gala (as in phrase vestito di gala "robe of state"), perhaps from Arabic khil</section></a></div><div style="clear:both"></div></div><div class="word--C9UPa word_4pc--2SZw8" style="padding:10px 20px"><div><a class="recommended-word" rel="nofollow" data-recommended-type="linked" style="margin-bottom:5px;display:block" title="Origin and meaning of gallimaufry" href="/word/gallimaufry"><div class="word__name--TTbAA word_thumbnail__name--1khEg" style="font-size:18px">gallimaufry<span class="word_thumbnail__name_icon--2RFFN"><i class="fa fa-chevron-right" style="font-size:16px"></i></span></div><section class="word__defination--2q7ZH undefined word__etymology_limit_line--3DeZW" style="cursor:pointer">"a medley, hash, hodge-podge," 1550s, from French galimafrée "hash, ragout, dish made of odds and ends," from Old French galimafree, calimafree "sauce made of mustard, ginger, and vinegar; a stew of carp" (14c.), which is of unknown origin. Perhaps from Old French galer "to make </section></a></div><div style="clear:both"></div></div><div class="word--C9UPa word_4pc--2SZw8" style="padding:10px 20px"><div><a class="recommended-word" rel="nofollow" data-recommended-type="linked" style="margin-bottom:5px;display:block" title="Origin and meaning of gallivant" href="/word/gallivant"><div class="word__name--TTbAA word_thumbnail__name--1khEg" style="font-size:18px">gallivant<span class="word_thumbnail__name_icon--2RFFN"><i class="fa fa-chevron-right" style="font-size:16px"></i></span></div><section class="word__defination--2q7ZH undefined word__etymology_limit_line--3DeZW" style="cursor:pointer">"gad about, spend time in frivolous pleasure-seeking, especially with the opposite sex," 1809, of uncertain origin, perhaps a playful elaboration of gallant in an obsolete verbal sense of "play the gallant, flirt, gad about." Related: Gallivanted; gallivanting. Young Lobski said</section></a></div><div style="clear:both"></div></div><div class="word--C9UPa word_4pc--2SZw8" style="padding:10px 20px"><div><a class="recommended-word" rel="nofollow" style="margin-bottom:5px;display:block" title="Origin and meaning of spark" href="/word/spark"><div class="word__name--TTbAA word_thumbnail__name--1khEg" style="font-size:18px">spark<span class="word_thumbnail__name_icon--2RFFN"><i class="fa fa-chevron-right" style="font-size:16px"></i></span></div><section class="word__defination--2q7ZH undefined word__etymology_limit_line--3DeZW" style="cursor:pointer">The meaning "play the gallant, court" is from the 17c. secondary sense of the noun. Related: Sparked; sparking....</section></a></div><div style="clear:both"></div></div><div class="word--C9UPa word_4pc--2SZw8" style="padding:10px 20px"><div><a class="recommended-word" rel="nofollow" style="margin-bottom:5px;display:block" title="Origin and meaning of rutter" href="/word/rutter"><div class="word__name--TTbAA word_thumbnail__name--1khEg" style="font-size:18px">rutter<span class="word_thumbnail__name_icon--2RFFN"><i class="fa fa-chevron-right" style="font-size:16px"></i></span></div><section class="word__defination--2q7ZH undefined word__etymology_limit_line--3DeZW" style="cursor:pointer">Related: Rutterkin "swaggering gallant, bully" (1520s)....</section></a></div><div style="clear:both"></div></div><div class="word--C9UPa word_4pc--2SZw8" style="padding:10px 20px"><div><a class="recommended-word" rel="nofollow" style="margin-bottom:5px;display:block" title="Origin and meaning of leman" href="/word/leman"><div class="word__name--TTbAA word_thumbnail__name--1khEg" style="font-size:18px">leman<span class="word_thumbnail__name_icon--2RFFN"><i class="fa fa-chevron-right" style="font-size:16px"></i></span></div><section class="word__defination--2q7ZH undefined word__etymology_limit_line--3DeZW" style="cursor:pointer">.; by c. 1300 it could mean "betrothed lover," and by late 14c. it had the pejorative sense "concubine, mistress, gallant...</section></a></div><div style="clear:both"></div></div><div class="word--C9UPa word_4pc--2SZw8" style="padding:10px 20px"><div><a class="recommended-word" rel="nofollow" style="margin-bottom:5px;display:block" title="Origin and meaning of spark" href="/word/spark"><div class="word__name--TTbAA word_thumbnail__name--1khEg" style="font-size:18px">spark<span class="word_thumbnail__name_icon--2RFFN"><i class="fa fa-chevron-right" style="font-size:16px"></i></span></div><section class="word__defination--2q7ZH undefined word__etymology_limit_line--3DeZW" style="cursor:pointer">The slang sense of "a gallant, a showy beau, a roisterer" (c. 1600) is perhaps a figurative use, but also perhaps from cognate...</section></a></div><div style="clear:both"></div></div><div class="word--C9UPa word_4pc--2SZw8" style="padding:10px 20px"><div><a class="recommended-word" rel="nofollow" data-recommended-type="other_relation" style="margin-bottom:5px;display:block" title="Origin and meaning of dude" href="/word/dude"><div class="word__name--TTbAA word_thumbnail__name--1khEg" style="font-size:18px">dude<span class="word_thumbnail__name_icon--2RFFN"><i class="fa fa-chevron-right" style="font-size:16px"></i></span></div><section class="word__defination--2q7ZH undefined word__etymology_limit_line--3DeZW" style="cursor:pointer">1883, "fastidious man," New York City slang of unknown origin; recent research suggests it is a shortening of Yankee Doodle, based on the song's notion of "foppish, over-fastidious male" (compare macaroni). The vogue word of 1883, originally used in reference to the devotees of t</section></a></div><div style="clear:both"></div></div><div class="word--C9UPa word_4pc--2SZw8" style="padding:10px 20px"><div><a class="recommended-word" rel="nofollow" data-recommended-type="other_relation" style="margin-bottom:5px;display:block" title="Origin and meaning of swell" href="/word/swell"><div class="word__name--TTbAA word_thumbnail__name--1khEg" style="font-size:18px">swell<span class="word_thumbnail__name_icon--2RFFN"><i class="fa fa-chevron-right" style="font-size:16px"></i></span></div><section class="word__defination--2q7ZH undefined word__etymology_limit_line--3DeZW" style="cursor:pointer">Middle English swellen, from Old English swellan "grow in bulk, become bigger" (intransitive, past tense sweall, past participle swollen), from Proto-Germanic *swellanan, *swallejanan (source also of Old Saxon swellan, Old Norse svella, Old Frisian swella, Middle Dutch swellen, D</section></a></div><div style="clear:both"></div></div><div class="word--C9UPa word_4pc--2SZw8" style="padding:10px 20px"><div><a class="recommended-word" rel="nofollow" data-recommended-type="other_relation" style="margin-bottom:5px;display:block" title="Origin and meaning of proud" href="/word/proud"><div class="word__name--TTbAA word_thumbnail__name--1khEg" style="font-size:18px">proud<span class="word_thumbnail__name_icon--2RFFN"><i class="fa fa-chevron-right" style="font-size:16px"></i></span></div><section class="word__defination--2q7ZH undefined word__etymology_limit_line--3DeZW" style="cursor:pointer">late Old English prud, prute "excellent, splendid; arrogant, haughty, having or cherishing a high opinion of one's own merits; guilty of the sin of Pride," from Old French prud, oblique case of adjective prouz "brave, valiant" (11c., Modern French preux; compare prud'homme "brave</section></a></div><div style="clear:both"></div></div></div></div><div class="share-tool socialShare--223YS"><h3 title="Share gallant to social networks" class="socialShare__title--34iP2">Share <i>gallant</i></h3><div class="cite--1qJ-_ share-cite">‘<!-- -->cite<!-- -->’</div><a title="Share on Facebook" href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.etymonline.com%2Fword%2Fgallant" data-social-target="Facebook" target="blank" rel="nofollow" class="fa share socialShare__icon--3FJac socialShare__icon__facebook--2fm3U fa-facebook"></a><a title="Share on Twitter" href="https://twitter.com/share?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.etymonline.com%2Fword%2Fgallant&text=gallant%20%7C%20Etymology%20of%20gallant%20by%20etymonline" data-social-target="Twitter" target="blank" rel="nofollow" class="fa share socialShare__icon--3FJac socialShare__icon__twitter--1iFxf fa-twitter"></a><a title="Share on Reddit" href="https://www.reddit.com/submit?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.etymonline.com%2Fword%2Fgallant&title=gallant%20%7C%20Etymology%20of%20gallant%20by%20etymonline" data-social-target="Reddit" target="blank" rel="nofollow" class="fa share socialShare__icon--3FJac socialShare__icon__reddit--30bBu fa-reddit"></a><a title="Share on Email" href="mailto:?subject=gallant%20%7C%20Etymology%20of%20gallant%20by%20etymonline&body=%22showy%2C%20finely%20dressed%3B%20gay%2C%20merry%2C%22%20from%20Old%20French%20galant%20%22courteous%2C%22%20earlier%E2%80%A6%20See%20origin%20and%20meaning%20of%20gallant.%0Afrom%20https%3A%2F%2Fwww.etymonline.com%2Fword%2Fgallant%20Find%20out%20more%20at%20etymonline.com" data-social-target="Email" target="blank" rel="nofollow" class="fa share socialShare__icon--3FJac socialShare__icon__email--3hVBm fa-email"></a><div class="cite__content--3ghsO cite-content"><div class="cite__content_title--3ABWh">Page URL:</div><textarea class="cite__content_textarea--3zgJO cite-textarea" readonly="">https://www.etymonline.com/word/gallant</textarea><div class="cite__content_title--3ABWh">HTML Link:</div><textarea class="cite__content_textarea--3zgJO cite-textarea" readonly=""><a href="https://www.etymonline.com/word/gallant">Etymology of gallant by etymonline</a></textarea><div class="cite__content_title--3ABWh">APA style:</div><textarea class="cite__content_textarea--3zgJO cite-textarea" readonly="">Harper, D. (n.d.). Etymology of gallant. Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved $(datetime), from https://www.etymonline.com/word/gallant</textarea><div class="cite__content_title--3ABWh">Chicago style:</div><textarea class="cite__content_textarea--3zgJO cite-textarea" readonly="">Harper Douglas, “Etymology of gallant,” Online Etymology Dictionary, accessed $(datetime), https://www.etymonline.com/word/gallant.</textarea><div class="cite__content_title--3ABWh">MLA style:</div><textarea class="cite__content_textarea--3zgJO cite-textarea" readonly="">Harper, Douglas. “Etymology of gallant.” Online Etymology Dictionary, https://www.etymonline.com/word/gallant. Accessed $(datetimeMla).</textarea><div class="cite__content_title--3ABWh">IEEE style:</div><textarea class="cite__content_textarea--3zgJO cite-textarea" readonly="">D. Harper. “Etymology of gallant.” Online Etymology Dictionary. https://www.etymonline.com/word/gallant (accessed $(datetime)).</textarea></div></div><p class="wordDetail__date--3r7r8">updated on September 28, 2017</p><div data-ad-container="true" class="adContainer--6CVz1 vertical" style="margin-top:1em"><span class="adLabel--35hfi">Advertisement</span><ins class="adsbygoogle" data-ad-client="ca-pub-7093273770345366" style="display:block;width:100%" data-ad-slot="7656336158" data-ad-format="auto" data-full-width-responsive="true"></ins></div></div><div class="ant-col-xs-24 ant-col-sm-24 ant-col-md-24 ant-col-lg-6"><div data-ad-container="true" class="adContainer--6CVz1 removeAdsContainer--3mV2b horizontal"><a href="/premium?utm_source=remove_ads"><div class="removeAdsBtn--2W3KN">Remove ads ></div></a><span class="adLabel--35hfi">Advertisement</span><div id="div-gpt-ad-pc-wd-right" style="min-width:300px;min-height:250px"></div></div><div class="trending__normal--2eWJF"><h3 class="h3_title">Trending words</h3><ul><li class="trending__normal__word--1Qvnq"><a rel="nofollow" title="Origin and meaning of guile" href="/word/guile">1<!-- -->. <!-- -->guile</a></li><li class="trending__normal__word--1Qvnq"><a rel="nofollow" title="Origin and meaning of arcane" href="/word/arcane">2<!-- -->. <!-- -->arcane</a></li><li class="trending__normal__word--1Qvnq"><a rel="nofollow" title="Origin and meaning of adventure" href="/word/adventure">3<!-- -->. <!-- -->adventure</a></li><li class="trending__normal__word--1Qvnq"><a rel="nofollow" title="Origin and meaning of freedom" href="/word/freedom">4<!-- -->. <!-- -->freedom</a></li><li class="trending__normal__word--1Qvnq"><a rel="nofollow" title="Origin and meaning of pardon" href="/word/pardon">5<!-- -->. <!-- -->pardon</a></li><li class="trending__normal__word--1Qvnq"><a rel="nofollow" title="Origin and meaning of trauma" href="/word/trauma">6<!-- -->. <!-- -->trauma</a></li><li class="trending__normal__word--1Qvnq"><a rel="nofollow" title="Origin and meaning of joy" href="/word/joy">7<!-- -->. <!-- -->joy</a></li><li class="trending__normal__word--1Qvnq"><a rel="nofollow" title="Origin and meaning of truth" href="/word/truth">8<!-- -->. <!-- -->truth</a></li><li class="trending__normal__word--1Qvnq"><a rel="nofollow" title="Origin and meaning of phenomenon" href="/word/phenomenon">9<!-- -->. <!-- -->phenomenon</a></li><li class="trending__normal__word--1Qvnq"><a rel="nofollow" title="Origin and meaning of dream" href="/word/dream">10<!-- -->. <!-- -->dream</a></li></ul></div><div class="alphabetical--2oTZG"><h3 title="words in alphabetical order" class="h3_title">Dictionary entries near <i>gallant</i></h3><a title="Origin and meaning of Galfridian" target="" rel="nofollow" href="/word/Galfridian"><p class="alphabetical__word--3UeP2">Galfridian</p></a><a title="Origin and meaning of Galicia" target="" rel="nofollow" href="/word/Galicia"><p class="alphabetical__word--3UeP2">Galicia</p></a><a title="Origin and meaning of Galilee" target="" rel="nofollow" href="/word/Galilee"><p class="alphabetical__word--3UeP2">Galilee</p></a><a title="Origin and meaning of gall" target="" rel="nofollow" href="/word/gall"><p class="alphabetical__word--3UeP2">gall</p></a><a title="Origin and meaning of Gallagher" target="" rel="nofollow" href="/word/Gallagher"><p class="alphabetical__word--3UeP2">Gallagher</p></a><p class="alphabetical__word--3UeP2 alphabetical__active--FCYcm">gallant</p><a title="Origin and meaning of gallantly" target="" rel="nofollow" href="/word/gallantly"><p class="alphabetical__word--3UeP2">gallantly</p></a><a title="Origin and meaning of gallantry" target="" rel="nofollow" href="/word/gallantry"><p class="alphabetical__word--3UeP2">gallantry</p></a><a title="Origin and meaning of gall-bladder" target="" rel="nofollow" href="/word/gall-bladder"><p class="alphabetical__word--3UeP2">gall-bladder</p></a><a title="Origin and meaning of galleon" target="" rel="nofollow" href="/word/galleon"><p class="alphabetical__word--3UeP2">galleon</p></a><a title="Origin and meaning of galleria" target="" rel="nofollow" href="/word/galleria"><p class="alphabetical__word--3UeP2">galleria</p></a></div></div></div></div><div class="alphabet--3sMXd"><ul class="alphabet__inner--2NEtM"><li class="alphabet__node--huwT8" title="Prefix, suffix and words starting with the letter A"><a rel="nofollow" href="/search?q=a">A</a></li><li class="alphabet__node--huwT8" title="Prefix, suffix and words starting with the letter B"><a rel="nofollow" href="/search?q=b">B</a></li><li class="alphabet__node--huwT8" title="Prefix, suffix and words starting with the letter C"><a rel="nofollow" href="/search?q=c">C</a></li><li class="alphabet__node--huwT8" title="Prefix, suffix and words starting with the letter D"><a rel="nofollow" href="/search?q=d">D</a></li><li class="alphabet__node--huwT8" title="Prefix, suffix and words starting with the letter E"><a rel="nofollow" href="/search?q=e">E</a></li><li class="alphabet__node--huwT8" title="Prefix, suffix and words starting with the letter F"><a rel="nofollow" href="/search?q=f">F</a></li><li class="alphabet__node--huwT8" title="Prefix, suffix and words starting with the letter G"><a rel="nofollow" href="/search?q=g">G</a></li><li class="alphabet__node--huwT8" title="Prefix, suffix and words starting with the letter H"><a rel="nofollow" href="/search?q=h">H</a></li><li class="alphabet__node--huwT8" title="Prefix, suffix and words starting with the letter I"><a rel="nofollow" href="/search?q=i">I</a></li><li class="alphabet__node--huwT8" title="Prefix, suffix and words starting with the letter J"><a rel="nofollow" href="/search?q=j">J</a></li><li class="alphabet__node--huwT8" title="Prefix, suffix and words starting with the letter K"><a rel="nofollow" href="/search?q=k">K</a></li><li class="alphabet__node--huwT8" title="Prefix, suffix and words starting with the letter L"><a rel="nofollow" href="/search?q=l">L</a></li><li class="alphabet__node--huwT8" title="Prefix, suffix and words starting with the letter M"><a rel="nofollow" href="/search?q=m">M</a></li><li class="alphabet__node--huwT8" title="Prefix, suffix and words starting with the letter N"><a rel="nofollow" href="/search?q=n">N</a></li><li class="alphabet__node--huwT8" title="Prefix, suffix and words starting with the letter O"><a rel="nofollow" href="/search?q=o">O</a></li><li class="alphabet__node--huwT8" title="Prefix, suffix and words starting with the letter P"><a rel="nofollow" href="/search?q=p">P</a></li><li class="alphabet__node--huwT8" title="Prefix, suffix and words starting with the letter Q"><a rel="nofollow" href="/search?q=q">Q</a></li><li class="alphabet__node--huwT8" title="Prefix, suffix and words starting with the letter R"><a rel="nofollow" href="/search?q=r">R</a></li><li class="alphabet__node--huwT8" title="Prefix, suffix and words starting with the letter S"><a rel="nofollow" href="/search?q=s">S</a></li><li class="alphabet__node--huwT8" title="Prefix, suffix and words starting with the letter T"><a rel="nofollow" href="/search?q=t">T</a></li><li class="alphabet__node--huwT8" title="Prefix, suffix and words starting with the letter U"><a rel="nofollow" href="/search?q=u">U</a></li><li class="alphabet__node--huwT8" title="Prefix, suffix and words starting with the letter V"><a rel="nofollow" href="/search?q=v">V</a></li><li class="alphabet__node--huwT8" title="Prefix, suffix and words starting with the letter W"><a rel="nofollow" href="/search?q=w">W</a></li><li class="alphabet__node--huwT8" title="Prefix, suffix and words starting with the letter X"><a rel="nofollow" href="/search?q=x">X</a></li><li class="alphabet__node--huwT8" title="Prefix, suffix and words starting with the letter Y"><a rel="nofollow" href="/search?q=y">Y</a></li><li class="alphabet__node--huwT8" title="Prefix, suffix and words starting with the letter Z"><a rel="nofollow" href="/search?q=z">Z</a></li></ul></div><div class="footer--zLQrv"><div class="footer__info--3VNMU"><div class="footer__info_inner--1aVeV"><div><p class="footer__info_title--3LoBd">LINKS</p><a rel="" href="https://forum.etymonline.com" class="footer__info_node--3T-ZQ">Forum</a><a rel="nofollow" href="/columns/post/sources" class="footer__info_node--3T-ZQ">Full List of Sources</a><a rel="nofollow" href="/columns/post/links" class="footer__info_node--3T-ZQ">Links</a></div><div><p class="footer__info_title--3LoBd">PRODUCTS</p><a rel="nofollow" href="https://apps.apple.com/app/apple-store/id813629612?pt=33423801&ct=etymonline_footer&mt=8" class="footer__info_node--3T-ZQ">iOS App</a><a rel="nofollow" href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.etymonline.app&referrer=utm_source%3Detymonline_webfooter" class="footer__info_node--3T-ZQ">Android App</a><a rel="nofollow" href="https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/etymonline/giehjnnlopapngdjbjjgddpaagoimmgl?utm_source=link_footer" class="footer__info_node--3T-ZQ">Chrome Extension</a></div><div><p class="footer__info_title--3LoBd">ABOUT</p><a rel="nofollow" href="/columns/post/bio" class="footer__info_node--3T-ZQ">Who Did This</a><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.etymonline.com/columns/post/abbr" class="footer__info_node--3T-ZQ">Introduction and Explanation</a><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.facebook.com/etymonline?utm_source=etymonline_footer&utm_medium=link_exchange" class="footer__info_node--3T-ZQ">Follow on Facebook</a></div><div><p class="footer__info_title--3LoBd">SUPPORT</p><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.paypal.com/cgi-bin/webscr?cmd=_donations&business=byronic106@yahoo.com&lc=US&item_name=Donation+to +Help+Keep+Etymonline+Free+and+Open&no_note=0&cn=&curency_code=USD&bn=PP-DonationsBF:btn_donateCC_LG.gif:NonHosted" class="footer__info_node--3T-ZQ">Donate with PayPal</a><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.redbubble.com/people/godgifu/shop?artistUserName=godgifu&collections=1692216&utm_source=etymonline_footer" class="footer__info_node--3T-ZQ">Ye Olde Swag Shoppe</a><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.patreon.com/etymonline?utm_source=etymonline.com&utm_campaign=footer_link&utm_medium=website" class="footer__info_node--3T-ZQ">Support on Patreon</a></div></div></div><div class="footer__link--1RSEJ footer__link_padding--1oYre"><div class="footer__link_inner--KP2Wz"><div><a href="mailto:etymonline@protonmail.com" title="Douglas Harper" rel="nofollow">© 2001-2024<!-- --> <!-- -->Douglas Harper</a><span style="color:#888"> | </span><a href="https://www.etymonline.com/legal/terms" title="Terms of Service" rel="nofollow">Terms of Service</a><span style="color:#888"> | </span><a href="https://www.etymonline.com/legal/privacy" title="Privacy Policy" rel="nofollow">Privacy Policy</a></div><div style="position:relative"><span id="language-change" class="footer__language_label--1E9_x">English (English)<!-- --> <svg width="10" height="12" viewBox="0 0 10 12" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M5 0L0 5H10L5 0ZM0 7L5 12L10 7H0Z" fill="#858585"></path></svg></span><ul id="language-selector" class="footer__language--H9nbK"><li class="footer__language_item--1nkwO" style="display:none"><a href="/word/gallant">English (English)</a></li><li class="footer__language_item--1nkwO"><a href="/cn/word/gallant">简体中文 (Chinese)</a></li><li class="footer__language_item--1nkwO"><a href="/de/word/gallant">Deutsch (German)</a></li><li class="footer__language_item--1nkwO"><a href="/es/word/gallant">Español (Spanish)</a></li><li class="footer__language_item--1nkwO"><a href="/fr/word/gallant">Français (French)</a></li><li class="footer__language_item--1nkwO"><a href="/it/word/gallant">Italiano (Italian)</a></li><li class="footer__language_item--1nkwO"><a href="/jp/word/gallant">日本語 (Japanese)</a></li><li class="footer__language_item--1nkwO"><a href="/kr/word/gallant">한국어 (Korean)</a></li><li class="footer__language_item--1nkwO"><a href="/pt/word/gallant">Português (Portuguese)</a></li><li class="footer__language_item--1nkwO"><a href="/tw/word/gallant">繁體中文 (Chinese)</a></li></ul></div></div></div></div><div class="backtop"><div class="backtop-content"><i class="fa fa-arrow-up"></i></div></div></div></div></div> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-YGHSRMYRTV"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-YGHSRMYRTV', { 'custom_map': {'dimension1': 'UserRole'} }); gtag('event', 'user_role_set', {'UserRole': 'guest'}); </script> <script data-react-helmet="true" src="https://cdn.etymonline.com/projects/etymonline-main-v3/jquery-3.2.1.min.js"></script><script data-react-helmet="true" src="https://cdn.etymonline.com/projects/etymonline-main-v3/remove-ads-iconfont.js?t=10"></script><script data-react-helmet="true" src="https://cdn.etymonline.com/projects/etymonline-main-v3/plugins.2ad87a733ad1b7fbd7d2.js" async="true"></script><script data-react-helmet="true" type="text/javascript"> 'use strict';var extensionBait=document.querySelector('.extensionHint'),isChrome=navigator.userAgent.indexOf('Chrome')>-1,bannerExtension=document.querySelector('.bait'),hintClose=document.querySelector('.hint-closer');!extensionBait||!isChrome||bannerExtension||window.localStorage.getItem('etymonline-extension-installed')||window.localStorage.getItem('extension_banner_clicked')||setTimeout(function(){extensionBait.style.marginTop=0},1e3),hintClose&&hintClose.addEventListener('click',function(){extensionBait.style.marginTop='-64px',window.localStorage.setItem('extension_banner_clicked',!0)}),extensionBait&&extensionBait.addEventListener('click',function(){}); </script><script data-react-helmet="true" type="application/ld+json"> [{ "@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": "WebSite", "@id": "https://www.etymonline.com#website", "url": "https://www.etymonline.com", "name": "Etymonline", "alternateName": "Online Etymology Dictionary", "potentialAction": { "@type": "SearchAction", "target": "https://www.etymonline.com/search?q={search_term_string}&utm_campaign=sd&utm_medium=serp&utm_source=ds_search", "query-input": "required name=search_term_string" } }, { "@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": "WebPage", "name": "gallant | Etymology of gallant by etymonline", "url": "https://www.etymonline.com/word/gallant", "description": "showy, finely dressed; gay, merry, from Old French galant courteous, earlier… See origin and meaning of gallant.", "inLanguage": "en", "isPartOf": { "@id": "https://www.etymonline.com#website" } }, { "@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": ["DefinedTermSet", "Book"], "@id": "https://www.etymonline.com", "name": "Dictionary and etymology by etymonline", "description": "An online etymology dictionary providing the origin and history of English words" }, { "@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": "DefinedTerm", "@id": "https://www.etymonline.com/word/gallant", "name": "gallant", "inDefinedTermSet": "https://www.etymonline.com" }] </script><script data-react-helmet="true" >"serviceWorker"in navigator&&navigator.serviceWorker.getRegistrations().then(function(e){for(let r of e)r.unregister()});</script><script data-react-helmet="true" >googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.defineSlot('/21669543020/pc_wd_right', [300, 250], 'div-gpt-ad-pc-wd-right').setTargeting("refresh", 'true').addService(googletag.pubads()); googletag.defineSlot('/21669543020/pc_wd_top', [728, 90], 'div-gpt-ad-pc-wd-top').setTargeting("refresh", 'true').addService(googletag.pubads()); var SECONDS_TO_WAIT_AFTER_VIEWABILITY = 105; // Object to keep track of the number of refreshes per slot var slotRefreshes = {}; googletag.pubads().addEventListener('impressionViewable', function(event) { var slot = event.slot; // Initialize the count for this slot if it's the first time if (!slotRefreshes[slot.getSlotElementId()]) { slotRefreshes[slot.getSlotElementId()] = 0; } if (slot.getTargeting("refresh").indexOf("true") > -1) { const refreshTime = Math.floor(Math.random() * 15) + SECONDS_TO_WAIT_AFTER_VIEWABILITY; // Only refresh the slot if it has been refreshed less than 3 times if (slotRefreshes[slot.getSlotElementId()] < 3) { setTimeout(function() { console.log("reload", slot.getSlotElementId()); apstag.fetchBids({ slots: [{ slotID: slot.getSlotElementId(), slotName: slot.getAdUnitPath(), sizes: slot.getSizes().map(function(size) { return [size.getWidth(), size.getHeight()]; }) }], timeout: 2e3 }, function(bids) { googletag.cmd.push(function() { apstag.setDisplayBids(); googletag.pubads().refresh([slot]); }); }); // Increment the refresh count for this slot slotRefreshes[slot.getSlotElementId()]++; }, refreshTime * 1000); } } }); googletag.pubads().disableInitialLoad(); googletag.pubads().enableSingleRequest(); googletag.enableServices(); }); </script><script data-react-helmet="true" >!function(a9,a,p,s,t,A,g){if(a[a9])return;function q(c,r){a[a9]._Q.push([c,r])}a[a9]={init:function(){q("i",arguments)},fetchBids:function(){q("f",arguments)},setDisplayBids:function(){},targetingKeys:function(){return[]},_Q:[]};A=p.createElement(s);A.async=!0;A.src=t;g=p.getElementsByTagName(s)[0];g.parentNode.insertBefore(A,g)}("apstag",window,document,"script","//c.amazon-adsystem.com/aax2/apstag.js"); apstag.init({ pubID: '7013ff7d-a08e-4dca-9729-1643e28c88b5', adServer: 'googletag' }); // Fetch bids from APS apstag.fetchBids({ slots: [{ slotID: 'div-gpt-ad-pc-wd-right', slotName: '/21669543020/pc_wd_right', sizes: [[300, 250]] }, { slotID: 'div-gpt-ad-pc-wd-top', slotName: '/21669543020/pc_wd_top', sizes: [[728, 90]] }], timeout: 2e3 }, function(bids) { // Set apstag targeting on googletag, then display the slots googletag.cmd.push(function(){ apstag.setDisplayBids(); googletag.pubads().refresh(); }); googletag.cmd.push(function(){ googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-pc-wd-right'); googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-pc-wd-top'); }); }); </script><script data-react-helmet="true" type="text/javascript"> $('section').click(function(e) { if(e.target.className === 'crossreference' && e.target.nodeName === 'SPAN') { location.href = window.location.origin + '/word/' + e.target.innerText } }) $('a[data-more]').hover( function() { $(this).find('.fa-chevron-right').animate({ opacity: 1 }, 100); }, function() { $(this).find('.fa-chevron-right').animate({ opacity: 0 }, 100); }) $('.word-relation-see-more').click(function(e) { $(this).css('display', 'none'); $(this).prev().css({'max-height': '100%'}); }) </script><script data-react-helmet="true" > function generateChart() { const startYear = 1800; const data = [{"label":"gallant (adj.)","data":[0.00001812671822942017,0.000018571142572909593,0.000018994022078307655,0.0000191688315680949,0.000019574814723455346,0.000020367259579264405,0.000020889268489554526,0.00002158021767778943,0.000022196260761120357,0.000022068084460139894,0.00002195159274075801,0.000022024249847163447,0.000021662756868560488,0.000021247178180298456,0.00002102145820875497,0.000021071351875434628,0.000020922473170988574,0.00002078327185396726,0.000020840853297462068,0.000021028108312748374,0.00002084694351651706,0.000020793089909905878,0.00002020676377772664,0.000019820545639959163,0.000020099222456337885,0.00001988408839679323,0.00002026461418912125,0.000020505243204146,0.000020648547433665954,0.000020753517067835976,0.000020958205277565865,0.00002143618645883786,0.00002167108978028409,0.000021650114649673925,0.00002159924430695052,0.000021498067872016692,0.000021482152078533545,0.000021571314937318677,0.000021631166722121026,0.000021608055612887254,0.00002193239573292279,0.000021701095708219024,0.00002160310335360312,0.000021509545937684986,0.00002109288240414268,0.000020862952320991706,0.00002037572291252824,0.00002015345889958553,0.000020466580948171517,0.000020630281990937268,0.00002046427944151219,0.000020473000889372393,0.000020265745600530257,0.00002033963307136825,0.000020095447689527644,0.00002000387697383606,0.000019997122702382816,0.000020257766542878623,0.000020223427660918485,0.00002045731877539462,0.000020334110498273125,0.000020289844784808034,0.000020009289740604194,0.000019209493439120705,0.00001870353256284337,0.000018114037811756133,0.00001745209380411931,0.000017004026691817368,0.000016383071791400047,0.00001595015067626567,0.000015405697376991155,0.00001487259924033424,0.000014672650589394228,0.000014342869568887788,0.000013755710945891526,0.000013496087073387267,0.00001323968038680808,0.000013193678872388167,0.000013172112752120786,0.000012917333515360952,0.000013186172206284633,0.000013371632485359442,0.000013323407438292634,0.000013186429229487355,0.000013070993009023369,0.00001287687288519616,0.000012706314191746059,0.00001193201727195022,0.000011509225078043529,0.00001134994223927303,0.000011036451845332824,0.000010849492658356516,0.000010764771165365043,0.000010597558078491906,0.000010353075473782762,0.00000989306148161025,0.000009431412703027794,0.000009225346002494916,0.000008911514699623998,0.000008600580379910146,0.000008378798884223216,0.000008090350850883018,0.000007911396278359461,0.000007726507161957367,0.000007460118558810791,0.0000072314499144946845,0.000006869944081699942,0.000006410645316160905,0.0000060525565155937025,0.000005873456696766274,0.00000582388990248243,0.000005917935535156479,0.0000061451758180434505,0.000006414640635436323,0.000006598358049814124,0.000006737276817148086,0.000006836524880782235,0.0000068494242441374805,0.000006951599759001207,0.000007020312659733463,0.000007059459949232405,0.000007200098540730929,0.000007308665590244345,0.000007440268776311617,0.000007451897605884975,0.000007338392272989344,0.0000071406389906769615,0.000006847259858962691,0.000006531562424546185,0.000006328017389023444,0.00000620066593910451,0.000006115212515093541,0.00000602219136756806,0.000005868339455143238,0.000005771426731371321,0.0000057808693478970476,0.000005814361732821756,0.000005822269607354732,0.000005922513779902753,0.000005920005090350363,0.000005868593234481523,0.000005861033666102837,0.000005609435174847022,0.000005616435100819217,0.000005530163677273473,0.000005432932660672426,0.000005297730331221828,0.000005195071056126229,0.000005138679110435381,0.000005038144733286269,0.000004816034910011998,0.0000045178636658723315,0.0000042374645090603735,0.000003820386427833,0.000003562631369883699,0.0000033868637729028706,0.0000031966316934510058,0.000003169925685142516,0.000002966863166875555,0.0000028530481813504593,0.0000027216961370868374,0.000002641634076402018,0.000002620708043347501,0.0000025477369945292596,0.0000026541819958462536,0.0000026500098404843205,0.0000025682319422533813,0.000002490841582888,0.0000024162701038221714,0.00000234844970539901,0.0000022707002320506336,0.000002169550384678587,0.0000020827210884514595,0.000001980017483068271,0.0000018792132436828979,0.0000017757808564056176,0.000001660775827379742,0.0000015292753497912295,0.0000014702965813739866,0.0000012068349595513912,0.0000011114829059503487,0.000001091918659312796,0.000001064303588312517,0.0000010572476223084474,0.0000010383552648818295,0.0000010052388120129762,0.0000010008394459267341,9.959194812836359e-7,9.934617613301573e-7,9.910668950396939e-7,9.920340289681917e-7,0.0000010016670709471023,0.0000010150671603999701,9.754362470933605e-7,9.870266959903043e-7,9.81230023929432e-7,9.73667310214902e-7,0.0000010087106791919117,0.0000010248649649232296,0.000001079235452531672,0.0000011182561024725145,0.0000012156597752740102,0.0000012982615658074792,0.0000013724324503527896,0.000001414237563797845,0.0000014454722077061888,0.0000014788651242270134,0.0000015212096438214454,0.0000015650196019123541,0.000001600231659419175,0.0000016920827874855604,0.0000018314375135256947,0.000001921468454687177,0.000001969735105181566,0.0000019858576409275815,0.0000020265308175263876,0.0000019952314418829205,0.000001983627782919939,0.0000019843625093724568,0.000002044224629571545]},{"label":"gallant (n.)","data":[0.000002434384487060015,0.0000024868198276332504,0.0000025163983764286967,0.000002570449040225261,0.0000026390851189717067,0.0000026484551881367223,0.000002740704621828627,0.0000028092444608773805,0.0000027755775590776464,0.000002792799841699889,0.0000027780830350820907,0.0000027714839234249665,0.00000272214626117299,0.0000027132466129842216,0.0000027397575649956705,0.0000027492976035622024,0.000002701739928549311,0.00000271388967121311,0.000002701725785906698,0.0000026646343182316437,0.0000026425910012524884,0.0000025870522070666388,0.000002532147072997759,0.0000025096778396497637,0.0000024765791749814526,0.0000024263799332402415,0.0000024528893845854326,0.0000024517770574069194,0.000002408370194946959,0.0000023056986416728858,0.000002243734472055318,0.0000022140726211243116,0.0000021945009621049396,0.000002166293044562432,0.000002157746932122488,0.000002144643235624244,0.0000021173076220293297,0.0000021056289369880687,0.000002098352342727594,0.0000020837315181173228,0.0000021044431984288773,0.0000020650533012182374,0.000002054367610071495,0.000002059418776904446,0.000002040262105159248,0.0000020243615381332345,0.0000019998133893750493,0.000001969767542201832,0.0000019563019122870175,0.000001937252818606794,0.000001903453979442323,0.0000019034496441842444,0.0000018887362860671904,0.00000188406402230612,0.0000018548952994024148,0.0000018351397178169766,0.0000018202327889108953,0.0000018223462044867725,0.0000018726624072466316,0.0000019396808587165044,0.000001945026239506357,0.000002003070365693323,0.000002030710917703497,0.000001981744882565787,0.000001956170884416982,0.0000019004036403202917,0.0000019367792977694384,0.000001906507304738625,0.0000018958503839409484,0.0000018747007895096127,0.0000018528831787989476,0.0000018103321356951104,0.0000017745548651267502,0.0000017067303739774312,0.0000016141295570074968,0.0000016043252041223846,0.0000015340845190318456,0.0000014851891743698312,0.000001485210001798502,0.000001463535742611081,0.0000019180291928933,0.0000018546078081271845,0.0000018439816434086727,0.0000018119436845154268,0.0000018156358085737641,0.0000018076178700236293,0.0000018286681476335312,0.0000018259062547561675,0.0000018092160492718297,0.0000018007728158409008,0.0000017731641946738818,0.000001746893531162641,0.000001746503615625746,0.0000017490547710015865,0.0000017468051813314863,0.0000013054992071677892,0.0000012870344259378423,0.0000012847248171965475,0.0000012563073672329968,0.0000012216016292162142,0.0000011885867176412528,0.0000011413823093183358,0.0000010992414786414884,0.0000010561682226276996,0.000001021611895642612,0.0000010502484959336774,0.0000010083309803121665,9.478393356706268e-7,8.890017700953952e-7,8.343171543856442e-7,7.836191078543682e-7,7.458629473452068e-7,7.067419232953398e-7,6.860628104732313e-7,6.667414292375422e-7,6.483296526009023e-7,6.395187066724854e-7,6.331845080846202e-7,6.263320490991949e-7,6.241748489325497e-7,5.616855332846171e-7,5.687291453189876e-7,5.74734519886988e-7,5.774123565061018e-7,5.811907120308509e-7,5.903013288843795e-7,5.897852399054196e-7,5.859256570298991e-7,5.853082010768655e-7,5.843080468063515e-7,5.814838308045485e-7,5.65911617892804e-7,5.49538632791761e-7,5.335001712107139e-7,5.166083042240644e-7,5.044849975395967e-7,4.84012455596409e-7,4.7202352296456716e-7,4.62693780415672e-7,4.532489962609058e-7,4.3045978372902025e-7,4.178596289724131e-7,4.090640307670886e-7,4.019935014791069e-7,3.9192636715294307e-7,3.8775845041527645e-7,3.85085801705524e-7,3.792856261952693e-7,3.7397810880671993e-7,3.675523695771214e-7,3.566344995912611e-7,3.481588635168009e-7,3.4057982247759353e-7,3.3056782058338283e-7,3.23860223261363e-7,3.212701623548734e-7,3.191470663447641e-7,3.1849782544668415e-7,3.1552851282867777e-7,3.155011446172769e-7,3.145354620907407e-7,3.1723597923397996e-7,3.463058192210156e-7,3.461379606051196e-7,3.469670199744238e-7,3.4419116824816833e-7,3.3947817523009387e-7,3.304150055782884e-7,3.244442571788871e-7,3.144934235403222e-7,3.061976646752858e-7,2.9660198208603106e-7,2.846969408665245e-7,2.706180775173076e-7,2.585410470601346e-7,2.442139390268494e-7,2.29418947128579e-7,1.9009360509395872e-7,1.842756603309681e-7,1.7422657473768293e-7,1.6783884196532502e-7,1.652289730221431e-7,1.6113410860422543e-7,1.602931452756214e-7,1.5865323916841588e-7,1.567304726298365e-7,1.5631267823816113e-7,1.553332386568703e-7,1.5518543534653871e-7,1.561469493556918e-7,1.5665676282120936e-7,1.594141868584605e-7,1.623709152909214e-7,1.603971298891338e-7,1.6233009129488588e-7,1.6290157608030617e-7,1.6279305536196869e-7,1.6954758355799034e-7,1.7158435999438856e-7,1.8129389521466994e-7,1.8756932718133612e-7,1.9980504267399132e-7,2.1167306651174538e-7,2.217421164611248e-7,2.2801942615539397e-7,2.3224594466834484e-7,2.369542812630243e-7,2.4437672531500234e-7,2.511188644878833e-7,2.565388086850362e-7,2.7005782309667363e-7,2.8983859389578963e-7,3.0228065763064174e-7,3.0972599367779754e-7,3.1115086712291554e-7,3.164733766899038e-7,3.1440001051082206e-7,3.1415514030186386e-7,3.1656310757928924e-7,3.2508213543280817e-7]}]; const datasets = data.map(dataset => { return { label: dataset.label, data: dataset.data.map((value, index) => { return { x: startYear + index, y: value * 1e6 }; }), fill: false, tension: 0.1, pointRadius: 1, pointHitRadius: 3, }; }); const ctx = document.getElementById('ngram-chart').getContext('2d'); const chart=new Chart(ctx,{type:"line",data:{datasets:datasets},options:{maintainAspectRatio:false,responsive:true,interaction:{mode:"index",intersect:false},scales:{x:{type:"linear",title:{display:false},ticks:{autoSkip:true,maxTicksLimit:20,callback:function(value){return value.toString().replace(/,/g,"")}},min:1800,max:2019},y:{type:"linear",title:{display:true,text:"Frequency (per million)"}}},plugins:{tooltip:{mode:"index",callbacks:{title:function(context){const firstPoint=context[0];return firstPoint.parsed.x.toString().replace(/,/g,"")}}},legend:{display: datasets.length > 1,labels:{color:"#83001d",font:{size:14,weight:"bold"}},onHover:function(event,legendItem,legend){event.native.target.style.cursor="pointer"},onLeave:function(event,legendItem,legend){event.native.target.style.cursor="default"}}}},plugins:[{beforeDatasetsDraw:(chart)=>{if(chart.tooltip?._active?.length){let x=chart.tooltip._active[0].element.x;let yAxis=chart.scales.y;let ctx=chart.ctx;ctx.save();ctx.beginPath();ctx.moveTo(x,yAxis.top);ctx.lineTo(x,yAxis.bottom);ctx.lineWidth=1;ctx.strokeStyle="#9b9b9b";ctx.stroke();ctx.restore()}}}]}); } </script><script data-react-helmet="true" src="https://cdn.etymonline.com/projects/etymonline-main-v3/chart.js" onLoad="generateChart()" async="true"></script><script data-react-helmet="true" > $('.share-cite').click(function(e) { $(this).toggleClass('cite-checked'); const checked = $(this).hasClass('cite-checked'); if (checked) { $('.cite-content').slideDown() } else { $('.cite-content').slideUp() } }) function selectText(element) { if (document.selection) { var range = document.body.createTextRange(); range.moveToElementText(element); range.select(); } else if (window.getSelection) { var range = document.createRange(); range.selectNodeContents(element); window.getSelection().removeAllRanges(); window.getSelection().addRange(range); } } $('.cite-textarea').click(function () { selectText($(this)[0]) }); $(document).ready(function () { const monthNames = ["January", "February", "March", "April", "May", "June", "July", "August", "September", "October", "November", "December"]; const d = new Date(), month = monthNames[d.getMonth()], day = '' + d.getDate(), year = d.getFullYear(); $(".cite-textarea").each(function (i, e) { const newText = $(this).text() .replace('$(datetime)', month + " " + day + "," + " " + year) .replace('$(datetimeMla)', day + " " + month + "," + " " + year) $(this).text(newText) }); setTimeout(() => {const hash='#'+(window.location.hash.substring(1)||'_');const offset = $(hash).offset();if (offset) $([document.documentElement, document.body]).animate({scrollTop: offset.top}, 300);}, 500); }); </script><script data-react-helmet="true" type="text/javascript">'use strict';function addADJS(){var b=document.createElement('script');b.src='//pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-7093273770345366',b.async=!0,document.body.appendChild(b)}var script=document.createElement('script');document.querySelectorAll('.adsbygoogle').forEach(function(){script.text+='(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});'});addADJS();document.body.appendChild(script);</script><script data-react-helmet="true" > $(window).on('scroll', function() { if($(this).scrollTop() > 300) { $('.backtop').show('fast') } else { $('.backtop').hide('fast') } }) $('.backtop').click(function() { $('body,html').animate({ scrollTop: 0 }, 500) }) </script> </body> </html>