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print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This list <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/List_of_English_words_of_Niger-Congo_origin" title="Special:EditPage/List of English words of Niger-Congo origin">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this list. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22List+of+English+words+of+Niger-Congo+origin%22">"List of English words of Niger-Congo origin"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22List+of+English+words+of+Niger-Congo+origin%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22List+of+English+words+of+Niger-Congo+origin%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22List+of+English+words+of+Niger-Congo+origin%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22List+of+English+words+of+Niger-Congo+origin%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22List+of+English+words+of+Niger-Congo+origin%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2012</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>This is a list of <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English language</a> words that come from the <a href="/wiki/Niger-Congo_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Niger-Congo languages">Niger-Congo languages</a>. It excludes <a href="/wiki/Placename" class="mw-redirect" title="Placename">placenames</a> except where they have become common words. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-notice" role="presentation" style="width: auto;"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/20px-Information_icon4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/30px-Information_icon4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></span></span></td><td class="mbox-text" style="width: auto;"><div class="mbox-text-span">This list is <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Lists#Incomplete_lists" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Lists">incomplete</a>; you can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_English_words_of_Niger-Congo_origin&action=edit">adding missing items</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2008</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bantu_origin">Bantu origin</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_English_words_of_Niger-Congo_origin&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Bantu origin"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banjo" title="Banjo">banjo</a> – probably <a href="/wiki/Bantu_languages" title="Bantu languages">Bantu</a> <i>mbanza</i><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basenji" title="Basenji">basenji</a> – breed of dog from the Congo</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boma_(enclosure)" title="Boma (enclosure)">boma</a> – probably from Swahili</li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bwana" class="extiw" title="wikt:bwana">bwana</a> – from Swahili, meaning an important person or safari leader</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_chimpanzee" class="mw-redirect" title="Common chimpanzee">chimpanzee</a> – loaned in the 18th century from a Bantu language, possibly <a href="/wiki/Vili_language" title="Vili language">Kivili</a> <i>ci-mpenzi</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dengue" class="mw-redirect" title="Dengue">dengue</a> – possibly from <a href="/wiki/Swahili_language" title="Swahili language">Swahili</a> <i>dinga</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peanut" title="Peanut">goober</a> – possibly from Bantu (<a href="/wiki/Kongo_language" title="Kongo language">Kikongo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kimbundu" title="Kimbundu">Kimbundu</a> <i>nguba</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scarlet_eggplant" title="Scarlet eggplant">gilo</a> - from <a href="/wiki/Kimbundu" title="Kimbundu">Kimbundu</a> <i>njilu</i>, via <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a> <i>jiló</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gumbo" title="Gumbo">gumbo</a> – from Bantu (<a href="/wiki/Kimbundu" title="Kimbundu">Kimbundu</a> <i>ingombo</i>, plural of <i>kingombo</i>, meaning "okra")</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impala" title="Impala">impala</a> – from <a href="/wiki/Zulu_language" title="Zulu language">Zulu</a> <i>im-pala</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impi" title="Impi">impi</a> – from <a href="/wiki/Zulu_language" title="Zulu language">Zulu language</a> meaning war, battle or a regiment</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indaba" title="Indaba">indaba</a> – from <a href="/wiki/Xhosa_language" title="Xhosa language">Xhosa</a> or <a href="/wiki/Zulu_language" title="Zulu language">Zulu</a> languages – 'stories' or 'news' typically conflated with 'meeting' (often used in South African English)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isango_Ensemble" title="Isango Ensemble">isango</a> – <a href="/wiki/Zulu_language" title="Zulu language">Zulu</a> meaning gateway</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jumbo" title="Jumbo">jumbo</a> – from Swahili (<i>jambo</i> or <i>jumbe</i> or from <a href="/wiki/Kongo_language" title="Kongo language">Kongo</a> <i>nzamba</i> "elephant")</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalimba" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalimba">kalimba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kwanzaa" title="Kwanzaa">Kwanzaa</a> – recent coinage (<a href="/wiki/Maulana_Karenga" title="Maulana Karenga">Maulana Karenga</a> 1965) as the name of a "specifically African-American holiday", abstracted from a <a href="/wiki/Swahili_language" title="Swahili language">Swahili</a> phrase <i>matunda ya kwanza</i>, meaning "<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/kwanza" class="extiw" title="wikt:kwanza">first</a> fruits [of the harvest]".</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lapa_(structure)" title="Lapa (structure)">lapa</a> – from <a href="/wiki/Sotho_language" title="Sotho language">Sotho</a> languages – <i>enclosure</i> or <i>barbecue area</i> (often used in South African English)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macaque" title="Macaque">macaque</a> – from Bantu <i>makaku</i> through Portuguese and French</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamba" title="Mamba">mamba</a> – from Zulu or Swahili <i>mamba</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marimba" title="Marimba">marimba</a> – from Bantu (Kimbundu and Swahili <i>marimba</i>, <i>malimba</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Okapi" title="Okapi">okapi</a> – from a language in the Congo</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safari" title="Safari">safari</a> – from <a href="/wiki/Swahili_language" title="Swahili language">Swahili</a> <i>travel</i>, ultimately from <a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sangoma" class="mw-redirect" title="Sangoma">sangoma</a> – from <a href="/wiki/Zulu_language" title="Zulu language">Zulu</a> – <i>traditional healer</i> (often used in South African English)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tilapia" title="Tilapia">tilapia</a> – Possibly a latinization "thiape", the <a href="/wiki/Tswana_language" title="Tswana language">Tswana</a> word for fish.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsetse" class="mw-redirect" title="Tsetse">tsetse</a> – from a Bantu language (<a href="/wiki/Tswana_language" title="Tswana language">Tswana</a> <i>tsetse</i>, <a href="/wiki/Luhya_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Luhya languages">Luhya</a> <i><span title="Luyia-language text"><i lang="luy">tsiisi</i></span></i>)</li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ubuntu" class="extiw" title="wikt:ubuntu">ubuntu</a> – <a href="/wiki/Nguni_languages" title="Nguni languages">Nguni</a> term for "mankind; humanity", in South Africa since the 1980s also used capitalized, <i><a href="/wiki/Ubuntu_(philosophy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ubuntu (philosophy)">Ubuntu</a></i>, as the name of a philosophy or ideology of "human kindness" or "humanism".</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vuvuzela" title="Vuvuzela">vuvuzela</a> – musical instrument, name of Zulu or Nguni origin</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zebra" title="Zebra">zebra</a> – of unknown origin, recorded since c. 1600, possibly from a <a href="/wiki/Kongo_languages" title="Kongo languages">Congolese</a> language, or alternatively from Amharic.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zombie" title="Zombie">zombie</a> – likely from West African (compare Kikongo <i>zumbi</i> "fetish", Kimbundu <i>nzambi</i> "god")</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Non-Bantu_West_African_origin">Non-Bantu West African origin</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_English_words_of_Niger-Congo_origin&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Non-Bantu West African origin"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azawakh" title="Azawakh">azawakh</a> - probably from <a href="/wiki/Fula_language" title="Fula language">Fula</a> or <a href="/wiki/Tuareg" class="mw-redirect" title="Tuareg">Tuareg</a>. A breed of dogs from West and North Africa</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banana" title="Banana">banana</a> – <a href="/wiki/West_Africa" title="West Africa">West African</a>, possibly <a href="/wiki/Wolof_language" title="Wolof language">Wolof</a> <i>banana</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bongo_drum" title="Bongo drum">bongo</a> – West African <i>boungu</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buckra" title="Buckra">buckra</a> – "white man or person", from <a href="/wiki/Efik_language" title="Efik language">Efik</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ibibio_language" title="Ibibio language">Ibibio</a> <i>mbakara</i><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chigger" class="mw-redirect" title="Chigger">chigger</a> – possibly from Wolof and/or <a href="/wiki/Yoruba_language" title="Yoruba language">Yoruba</a> <i>jiga</i> "insect"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cola" title="Cola">cola</a> – from West African languages (<a href="/wiki/Temne_language" title="Temne language">Temne</a> <i>kola</i>, <a href="/wiki/Mandinka_language" title="Mandinka language">Mandinka</a> <i>kolo</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djembe" title="Djembe">djembe</a> – from West African languages</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">jazz</a> – from West African languages (Mandinka <i>jasi</i>, Temne <i>yas</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jive_(dance)" title="Jive (dance)">jive</a> – possibly from Wolof <i>jev</i></li> <li>juke, <a href="/wiki/Jukebox" title="Jukebox">jukebox</a> – possibly from Wolof and <a href="/wiki/Bambara_language" title="Bambara language">Bambara</a> <i><span title="Bambara-language text"><i lang="bm">dzug</i></span></i> through <a href="/wiki/Gullah_language" title="Gullah language">Gullah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kwashiorkor" title="Kwashiorkor">kwashiorkor</a> – from Ga language, Coastal <a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a> meaning "swollen stomach"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mar%C3%ADmbula" title="Marímbula">Marímbula</a>, plucked musical instrument (lamellophone) of the Caribbean islands</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merengue_(dance)" title="Merengue (dance)">merengue (dance)</a> possibly from Fulani <span title="Fula-language text"><i lang="ff">mererek i</i></span> meaning to shake or quiver</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mumbo_jumbo_(phrase)" title="Mumbo jumbo (phrase)">mumbo jumbo</a> – from Mandingo name Maamajombo, a masked dancer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mojo_(African-American_culture)" title="Mojo (African-American culture)">mojo</a> – from <a href="/wiki/Kongo_language" title="Kongo language">Kongo</a> “moyo” meaning “spirit”</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obeah" title="Obeah">obeah</a> – from West African (Efik <i>ubio</i>, <a href="/wiki/Twi" title="Twi">Twi</a> <i>ebayifo</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Okra" title="Okra">okra</a> – from <a href="/wiki/Igbo_language" title="Igbo language">Igbo</a> <i>ókùrù</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sambo_(racial_term)" title="Sambo (racial term)">sambo</a> – Fula <i>sambo</i> meaning "uncle"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tango_(dance)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tango (dance)">tango</a> – probably from Ibibio <i><span title="Ibibio-language text"><i lang="ibb">tamgu</i></span></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tote_bag" title="Tote bag">tote</a> – West African via Gullah</li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_African_Vodun" class="mw-redirect" title="West African Vodun">vodou</a> – from West African languages (<a href="/wiki/Ewe_language" title="Ewe language">Ewe</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fon_language" title="Fon language">Fon</a> <i>vodu</i> "spirit")</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yam_(vegetable)" title="Yam (vegetable)">yam</a> – West African (Fula <i>nyami</i>, Twi <i>anyinam</i>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_English_words_of_Niger-Congo_origin&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_footnotes_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-More_footnotes_needed" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/40px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/60px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/80px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article includes a list of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#General_references" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">general references</a>, but <b>it lacks sufficient corresponding <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">inline citations</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Reliability" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Reliability">improve</a> this article by <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:When_to_cite" title="Wikipedia:When to cite">introducing</a> more precise citations.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2012</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Notes</b> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"chimpanzee" in American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Fifth Edition, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company, 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aquaticcommunity.com/tilapia/etymology.php">Tilapia etymology</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMason1960" class="citation journal cs1">Mason, Julian (1960). "The Etymology of 'Buckaroo'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>". <i>American Speech</i>. <b>35</b> (1): 51–55. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F453613">10.2307/453613</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/453613">453613</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Speech&rft.atitle=The+Etymology+of+%27Buckaroo%27&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=51-55&rft.date=1960&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F453613&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F453613%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Mason&rft.aufirst=Julian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+English+words+of+Niger-Congo+origin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <p><b>Sources</b> </p> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.etymonline.com/">Online Etymology Dictionary</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jstor.org">Common words of African origin-William Megenney, University of California, Riverside</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070429120637/http://www.slaveryinamerica.org/history/hs_es_languages.htm">The Impact of African Languages on American English</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hawaii.edu/satocenter/langnet/definitions/aave.html">African American Vernacular English Vocabulary</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120405135357/http://galvestondailynews.com/story.lasso?ewcd=bccbfd7340717bed">English words have African roots</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output 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origin</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_African_origin" class="mw-redirect" title="List of English words of African origin">Africa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_South_African_slang_words" title="List of South African slang words">South African</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Afrikaans_origin" title="List of English words of Afrikaans origin">Afrikaans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Zulu_origin" title="List of English words of Zulu origin">Zulu</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_from_indigenous_languages_of_the_Americas" class="mw-redirect" title="List of English words from indigenous languages of the Americas">Indigenous languages of the Americas</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Arabic_origin" title="List of English words of Arabic origin">Arabic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Arabic_star_names" title="List of Arabic star names">star names</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Chinese_origin" title="List of English words of Chinese origin">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Hebrew_origin" title="List of English words of Hebrew origin">Hebrew</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Indian_origin" title="List of English words of Indian origin">India</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Dravidian_origin" title="List of English words of Dravidian origin">Dravidian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Hindi_or_Urdu_origin" title="List of English words of Hindi or Urdu origin">Hindi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Sanskrit_origin" title="List of English words of Sanskrit origin">Sanskrit</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Indonesian_origin" title="List of English words of Indonesian origin">Indonesia</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Japanese_origin" title="List of English words of Japanese origin">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Korean_origin" title="List of English words of Korean origin">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Malay_origin" title="List of English words of Malay origin">Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Persian_origin" title="List of English words of Persian origin">Persian</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Philippine_origin" class="mw-redirect" title="List of English words of Philippine origin">Philippines</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Turkic_origin" title="List of English words of Turkic origin">Turkic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Hindi_or_Urdu_origin" title="List of English words of Hindi or Urdu origin">Urdu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Etruscan_origin" title="List of English words of Etruscan origin">Etruscan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Greek_origin" class="mw-redirect" title="List of English words of Greek origin">Greek</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Greek_morphemes_used_in_English" title="List of Greek morphemes used in English">morphemes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Romani_origin" title="List of English words of Romani origin">Romani</a></li> <li>Slavic <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Czech_origin" title="List of English words of Czech origin">Czech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Polish_origin" title="List of English words of Polish origin">Polish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Russian_origin" title="List of English words of Russian origin">Russian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Ukrainian_origin" title="List of English words of Ukrainian origin">Ukrainian</a></li></ul></li> <li>Uralic <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Finnish_origin" title="List of English words of Finnish origin">Finnish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Hungarian_origin" title="List of English words of Hungarian origin">Hungarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Sami_origin" class="mw-redirect" title="List of English words of Sami origin">Sami</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Celtic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Brittonic_origin" title="List of English words of Brittonic origin">Brittonic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Gaulish_origin" title="List of English words of Gaulish origin">Gaulish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Irish_origin" title="List of English words of Irish origin">Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Scottish_Gaelic_origin" title="List of English words of Scottish Gaelic origin">Scottish Gaelic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Welsh_origin" title="List of English words of Welsh origin">Welsh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Germanic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Dutch_origin" title="List of English words of Dutch origin">Dutch</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_place_names_of_Dutch_origin" title="List of place names of Dutch origin">place names</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_places_with_Dutch_names" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian places with Dutch names">Australia</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_German_expressions_in_English" title="List of German expressions in English">German</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_pseudo-German_words_adapted_to_English" class="mw-redirect" title="List of pseudo-German words adapted to English">pseudo-German</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Norwegian_origin" class="mw-redirect" title="List of English words of Norwegian origin">Norwegian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Old_Norse_origin" title="List of English words of Old Norse origin">Old Norse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Scots_origin" title="List of English words of Scots origin">Scots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Swedish_origin" title="List of English words of Swedish origin">Swedish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Yiddish_origin" title="List of English words of Yiddish origin">Yiddish</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Italic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_French_origin" title="List of English words of French origin">French</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_expressions_in_English" class="mw-redirect" title="List of French expressions in English">expressions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_with_dual_French_and_Anglo-Saxon_variations" class="mw-redirect" title="List of English words with dual French and Anglo-Saxon variations">with Anglo-Saxon variations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_pseudo-French_words_adapted_to_English" class="mw-redirect" title="List of pseudo-French words adapted to English">pseudo-French</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Italian_origin" title="List of English words of Italian origin">Italian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Italian_musical_terms_used_in_English" title="List of Italian musical terms used in English">musical terms</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Latin_origin" class="mw-redirect" title="List of English words of Latin origin">Latin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Portuguese_origin" title="List of English words of Portuguese origin">Portuguese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Romanian_origin" title="List of English words of Romanian origin">Romanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Spanish_origin" title="List of English words of Spanish origin">Spanish</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Australian_Aboriginal_origin" title="List of English words of Australian Aboriginal origin">Australian aboriginal</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Hawaiian_origin" title="List of English words of Hawaiian origin">Hawaiian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_M%C4%81ori_origin" title="List of English words of Māori origin">Māori</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Polynesian_origin" title="List of English words of Polynesian origin">Polynesian</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_English_words_of_Niger-Congo_origin&oldid=1246602801">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_English_words_of_Niger-Congo_origin&oldid=1246602801</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div 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