CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>List of English words of French origin - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"4bf377ed-fb6e-4fdf-be28-b3e6a7a01e52","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"List_of_English_words_of_French_origin","wgTitle":"List of English words of French origin","wgCurRevisionId":1259125065,"wgRevisionId":1259125065,"wgArticleId":566269,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Articles needing additional references from January 2023","All articles needing additional references","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","All pages needing factual verification","Wikipedia articles needing factual verification from December 2022","All articles lacking reliable references","Articles lacking reliable references from December 2022","Articles with French-language sources (fr)" ,"Lists of lists with listcat specified","Lists of language lists","Lists of English words of French origin"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"List_of_English_words_of_French_origin","wgRelevantArticleId":566269,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":30000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition": "interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q1062699","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES= ["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.quicksurveys.init","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.5"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Origins_of_English_PieChart.svg/1200px-Origins_of_English_PieChart.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1196"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Origins_of_English_PieChart.svg/800px-Origins_of_English_PieChart.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="798"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Origins_of_English_PieChart.svg/640px-Origins_of_English_PieChart.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="638"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="List of English words of French origin - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_French_origin"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_English_words_of_French_origin&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_French_origin"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-List_of_English_words_of_French_origin rootpage-List_of_English_words_of_French_origin skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=List+of+English+words+of+French+origin" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=List+of+English+words+of+French+origin" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=List+of+English+words+of+French+origin" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=List+of+English+words+of+French+origin" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Historical_context" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historical_context"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Historical context</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historical_context-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_fields_of_French_influence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_fields_of_French_influence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Notable fields of French influence</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Notable_fields_of_French_influence-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Notable fields of French influence subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Notable_fields_of_French_influence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Feudalism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Feudalism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Feudalism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Feudalism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Heraldry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Heraldry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Heraldry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Heraldry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Military" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Military"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Military</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Military-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politics_and_economics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politics_and_economics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Politics and economics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Politics_and_economics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Law" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Law"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Law</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Law-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Diplomacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Diplomacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Diplomacy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Diplomacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Arts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>Arts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Architecture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Architecture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8</span> <span>Architecture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Architecture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aviation_and_automobile_engineering" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aviation_and_automobile_engineering"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.9</span> <span>Aviation and automobile engineering</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aviation_and_automobile_engineering-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cuisine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cuisine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.10</span> <span>Cuisine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cuisine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Colours_and_Other_Influences" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Colours_and_Other_Influences"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.11</span> <span>Colours and Other Influences</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Colours_and_Other_Influences-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Terms_coined_by_French_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Terms_coined_by_French_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.12</span> <span>Terms coined by French people</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Terms_coined_by_French_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Named_after_French_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Named_after_French_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.13</span> <span>Named after French people</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Named_after_French_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Proper_names" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Proper_names"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.14</span> <span>Proper names</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Proper_names-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Main_patterns_of_influence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Main_patterns_of_influence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Main patterns of influence</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Main_patterns_of_influence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-A–C" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#A–C"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>A–C</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-A–C-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-D–I" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#D–I"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>D–I</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-D–I-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-J–R" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#J–R"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>J–R</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-J–R-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-S–Z" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#S–Z"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>S–Z</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-S–Z-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">List of English words of French origin</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 4 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-4" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">4 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galicismos_en_angl%C3%A9s" title="Galicismos en anglés – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Galicismos en anglés" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vrais_amis_en_anglais" title="Vrais amis en anglais – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Vrais amis en anglais" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B9%E8%AA%9E%E3%81%8B%E3%82%89%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E%E3%81%B8%E3%81%AE%E5%80%9F%E7%94%A8" title="フランス語から英語への借用 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="フランス語から英語への借用" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%BA%90%E6%96%BC%E6%B3%95%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E%E8%A9%9E" title="源於法語的英語詞 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="源於法語的英語詞" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1062699#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_French_origin" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:List_of_English_words_of_French_origin" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_French_origin"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_English_words_of_French_origin&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_English_words_of_French_origin&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_French_origin"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_English_words_of_French_origin&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_English_words_of_French_origin&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/List_of_English_words_of_French_origin" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/List_of_English_words_of_French_origin" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_English_words_of_French_origin&oldid=1259125065" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_English_words_of_French_origin&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=List_of_English_words_of_French_origin&id=1259125065&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FList_of_English_words_of_French_origin"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FList_of_English_words_of_French_origin"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=List_of_English_words_of_French_origin&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_English_words_of_French_origin&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1062699" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/List_of_English_words_of_French_origin" title="Special:EditPage/List of English words of French origin">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22List+of+English+words+of+French+origin%22">"List of English words of French origin"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22List+of+English+words+of+French+origin%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22List+of+English+words+of+French+origin%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22List+of+English+words+of+French+origin%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22List+of+English+words+of+French+origin%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22List+of+English+words+of+French+origin%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Origins_of_English_PieChart.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Origins_of_English_PieChart.svg/250px-Origins_of_English_PieChart.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="249" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Origins_of_English_PieChart.svg/375px-Origins_of_English_PieChart.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Origins_of_English_PieChart.svg/500px-Origins_of_English_PieChart.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="677" data-file-height="675" /></a><figcaption>The percentage of modern English words derived from each language group:<br /><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Norman_language" title="Anglo-Norman language">Anglo-Norman French</a>, then <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: ~29%<br /><a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a>, including words used only in scientific, medical or legal contexts: ~29%<br /><a href="/wiki/Germanic_languages" title="Germanic languages">Germanic</a>: ~26%<br />Others: ~16%</figcaption></figure> <p>A great number of words of <a href="/wiki/Influence_of_French_on_English" title="Influence of French on English">French origin have entered the English language</a>, to the extent that many Latin words have come to the English language. Up to 45% of all English words have a French origin.<sup id="cite_ref-Why_Study_French_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Why_Study_French-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="The material near this tag needs to be fact-checked with the cited source(s). (December 2022)">verification needed</span></a></i>]</sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS"><span title="This claim needs references to better sources. (December 2022)">better source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> This suggests that 80,000 words should appear in this list. This list, however, only includes words imported directly from French, such as both <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/joy" class="extiw" title="wikt:joy">joy</a> and <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/joyous" class="extiw" title="wikt:joyous">joyous</a>, and does not include derivatives formed in English of words borrowed from French, including <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/joyful" class="extiw" title="wikt:joyful">joyful</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/joyfulness" class="extiw" title="wikt:joyfulness">joyfulness</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/partisanship" class="extiw" title="wikt:partisanship">partisanship</a>, and <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/parenthood" class="extiw" title="wikt:parenthood">parenthood</a>. </p><p>It excludes combinations of words of French origin with words whose origin is a language other than French — e.g., <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ice_cream" class="extiw" title="wikt:ice cream">ice cream</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sunray" class="extiw" title="wikt:sunray">sunray</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/jellyfish" class="extiw" title="wikt:jellyfish">jellyfish</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/killjoy" class="extiw" title="wikt:killjoy">killjoy</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/lifeguard" class="extiw" title="wikt:lifeguard">lifeguard</a>, and <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/passageway" class="extiw" title="wikt:passageway">passageway</a>— and English-made combinations of words of French origin — e.g., <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/grapefruit" class="extiw" title="wikt:grapefruit">grapefruit</a> (<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/grape" class="extiw" title="wikt:grape">grape</a> + <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/fruit" class="extiw" title="wikt:fruit">fruit</a>), <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/layperson" class="extiw" title="wikt:layperson">layperson</a> (<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/lay" class="extiw" title="wikt:lay">lay</a> + <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/person" class="extiw" title="wikt:person">person</a>), <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mailorder" class="extiw" title="wikt:mailorder">mailorder</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/magpie" class="extiw" title="wikt:magpie">magpie</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/marketplace" class="extiw" title="wikt:marketplace">marketplace</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/surrender" class="extiw" title="wikt:surrender">surrender</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/petticoat" class="extiw" title="wikt:petticoat">petticoat</a>, and <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/straitjacket" class="extiw" title="wikt:straitjacket">straitjacket</a>. This list excludes words that come from French, but were introduced into the English language via a language other than French, which include <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/commodore" class="extiw" title="wikt:commodore">commodore</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/domineer" class="extiw" title="wikt:domineer">domineer</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/filibuster" class="extiw" title="wikt:filibuster">filibuster</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ketone" class="extiw" title="wikt:ketone">ketone</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/loggia" class="extiw" title="wikt:loggia">loggia</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/lotto" class="extiw" title="wikt:lotto">lotto</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mariachi" class="extiw" title="wikt:mariachi">mariachi</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/monsignor" class="extiw" title="wikt:monsignor">monsignor</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/oboe" class="extiw" title="wikt:oboe">oboe</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/paella" class="extiw" title="wikt:paella">paella</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/panzer" class="extiw" title="wikt:panzer">panzer</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/picayune" class="extiw" title="wikt:picayune">picayune</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ranch" class="extiw" title="wikt:ranch">ranch</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/vendue" class="extiw" title="wikt:vendue">vendue</a>, and <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/veneer" class="extiw" title="wikt:veneer">veneer</a>. </p><p>English words of French origin can also be distinguished from <a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_French_words_and_expressions_in_English" title="Glossary of French words and expressions in English">French words and expressions used by English speakers</a>. </p><p>Although French is derived mainly from <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a>, which accounts for about 60% of English vocabulary either directly or via a <a href="/wiki/Romance_languages" title="Romance languages">Romance language</a>, it includes words from <a href="/wiki/Gaulish" title="Gaulish">Gaulish</a> and <a href="/wiki/Germanic_languages" title="Germanic languages">Germanic languages</a>, especially <a href="/wiki/Old_Frankish" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Frankish">Old Frankish</a>. Since English is of Germanic origin, words that have entered English from the Germanic elements in French might not strike the eye as distinctively from French. Conversely, as Latin gave many derivatives to both the English and the French languages, ascertaining that a given Latinate derivative did not come to the English language via French can be difficult in a few cases. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historical_context">Historical context</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_English_words_of_French_origin&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Historical context"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Most of the French vocabulary now appearing in English was imported over the centuries following the <a href="/wiki/Norman_conquest_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Norman conquest of England">Norman Conquest</a> of 1066, when <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a> came under the administration of <a href="/wiki/Norman_language" title="Norman language">Norman-speaking</a> peoples. <a href="/wiki/William_the_Conqueror" title="William the Conqueror">William the Conqueror</a> invaded the <a href="/wiki/British_Isles" title="British Isles">British Isles</a>, distributing lands and property to <a href="/wiki/Normans" title="Normans">Norman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bretons" title="Bretons">Breton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flemish_people" title="Flemish people">Flemish</a>, and <a href="/wiki/French_people" title="French people">French</a> soldiers. As a result, <a href="/wiki/Old_French" title="Old French">Old French</a> became the language of culture and the administration, evolving into <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Norman_language" title="Anglo-Norman language">Anglo-Norman French</a>. </p><p>The majority of the population of England continued to use their <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglo-Saxon language">Anglo-Saxon language</a>, but it was influenced by the language of the ruling <a href="/wiki/Elite" title="Elite">elite</a>, resulting in <a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_with_dual_French_and_Old_English_variations" title="List of English words with dual French and Old English variations">pairs of words</a>, often pertaining to different <a href="/wiki/Register_(sociolinguistics)" title="Register (sociolinguistics)">registers of language</a>: <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/commence" class="extiw" title="wikt:commence">commence</a>/<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/start" class="extiw" title="wikt:start">start</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/commerce" class="extiw" title="wikt:commerce">commerce</a>/<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/trade" class="extiw" title="wikt:trade">trade</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/continue" class="extiw" title="wikt:continue">continue</a>/<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/go_on" class="extiw" title="wikt:go on">go on</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/depart" class="extiw" title="wikt:depart">depart</a>/<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/leave" class="extiw" title="wikt:leave">leave</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/disengage" class="extiw" title="wikt:disengage">disengage</a>/<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/withdraw" class="extiw" title="wikt:withdraw">withdraw</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/encounter" class="extiw" title="wikt:encounter">encounter</a>/<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/meet" class="extiw" title="wikt:meet">meet</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/maintain" class="extiw" title="wikt:maintain">maintain</a>/<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/uphold" class="extiw" title="wikt:uphold">uphold</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/marry" class="extiw" title="wikt:marry">marry</a>/<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/wed" class="extiw" title="wikt:wed">wed</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/menace" class="extiw" title="wikt:menace">menace</a>/<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/threat" class="extiw" title="wikt:threat">threat</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/purchase" class="extiw" title="wikt:purchase">purchase</a>/<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/buy" class="extiw" title="wikt:buy">buy</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/revenue" class="extiw" title="wikt:revenue">revenue</a>/<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/income" class="extiw" title="wikt:income">income</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/vend" class="extiw" title="wikt:vend">vend</a>/<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sell" class="extiw" title="wikt:sell">sell</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/chant" class="extiw" title="wikt:chant">chant</a>/<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sing" class="extiw" title="wikt:sing">sing</a>. <a href="/wiki/Walter_Scott" title="Walter Scott">Walter Scott</a> popularized the idea of an <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Normans" title="Anglo-Normans">Anglo-Norman</a> <a href="/wiki/Nobility" title="Nobility">nobility</a> eating the meats from the corresponding animals raised by the <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglo-Saxon">Anglo-Saxon</a> <a href="/wiki/Peasant" title="Peasant">peasants</a>: <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/beef" class="extiw" title="wikt:beef">beef</a>/<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ox" class="extiw" title="wikt:ox">ox</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mutton" class="extiw" title="wikt:mutton">mutton</a>/<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sheep" class="extiw" title="wikt:sheep">sheep</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/veal" class="extiw" title="wikt:veal">veal</a>/<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/calf" class="extiw" title="wikt:calf">calf</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pork" class="extiw" title="wikt:pork">pork</a>/<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pig" class="extiw" title="wikt:pig">pig</a>, but this duality, with the word of French origin restricted to its culinary sense, occurred centuries after the Norman conquest and might owe more to the enduring prestige of French cuisine than to a hypothetical specialization of tasks.<sup id="cite_ref-Hejná_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hejná-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Words of French origin often refer to more abstract or elaborate notions than their <a href="/wiki/List_of_Germanic_and_Latinate_equivalents_in_English" title="List of Germanic and Latinate equivalents in English">Anglo-Saxon equivalents</a> (e.g. <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/liberty" class="extiw" title="wikt:liberty">liberty</a>/<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/freedom" class="extiw" title="wikt:freedom">freedom</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/justice" class="extiw" title="wikt:justice">justice</a>/<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/fairness" class="extiw" title="wikt:fairness">fairness</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/source" class="extiw" title="wikt:source">source</a>/<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/spring" class="extiw" title="wikt:spring">spring</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/vision" class="extiw" title="wikt:vision">vision</a>/<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sight" class="extiw" title="wikt:sight">sight</a>), and are therefore of less frequent use in <a href="/wiki/Everyday_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Everyday language">everyday language</a>. This may not be the case for all English words of French origin. Consider, for example, some of the <a href="/wiki/Most_common_words_in_English" title="Most common words in English">most common words in English</a>: <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/able" class="extiw" title="wikt:able">able</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/car" class="extiw" title="wikt:car">car</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/chair" class="extiw" title="wikt:chair">chair</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/city" class="extiw" title="wikt:city">city</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/country" class="extiw" title="wikt:country">country</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/different" class="extiw" title="wikt:different">different</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/fact" class="extiw" title="wikt:fact">fact</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/fine" class="extiw" title="wikt:fine">fine</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/fruit" class="extiw" title="wikt:fruit">fruit</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/group" class="extiw" title="wikt:group">group</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/journey" class="extiw" title="wikt:journey">journey</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/juice" class="extiw" title="wikt:juice">juice</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/just" class="extiw" title="wikt:just">just</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/large" class="extiw" title="wikt:large">large</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/move" class="extiw" title="wikt:move">move</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/part" class="extiw" title="wikt:part">part</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/people" class="extiw" title="wikt:people">people</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/person" class="extiw" title="wikt:person">person</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/place" class="extiw" title="wikt:place">place</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/point" class="extiw" title="wikt:point">point</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/problem" class="extiw" title="wikt:problem">problem</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/public" class="extiw" title="wikt:public">public</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/push" class="extiw" title="wikt:push">push</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/real" class="extiw" title="wikt:real">real</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/remain" class="extiw" title="wikt:remain">remain</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/stay" class="extiw" title="wikt:stay">stay</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/table" class="extiw" title="wikt:table">table</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/travel" class="extiw" title="wikt:travel">travel</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/use" class="extiw" title="wikt:use">use</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/very" class="extiw" title="wikt:very">very</a>, and <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/wait" class="extiw" title="wikt:wait">wait</a>. </p><p>After the rise of <a href="/wiki/Henry_Plantagenet" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry Plantagenet">Henry Plantagenet</a> to the <a href="/wiki/English_monarchy" class="mw-redirect" title="English monarchy">throne of England</a>, other forms of <a href="/wiki/Langues_d%27o%C3%AFl" title="Langues d'oïl">dialectal French</a> gained influence at the expense of <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Norman_language" title="Anglo-Norman language">Anglo-Norman French</a>, notably the <a href="/wiki/Angevin_dialect" title="Angevin dialect">variants</a> of <a href="/wiki/County_of_Anjou" title="County of Anjou">Anjou</a> where the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Plantagenet" title="House of Plantagenet">House of Plantagenet</a> came from, and possibly <a href="/wiki/Poitevin_dialect" title="Poitevin dialect">Poitevin</a>, the tongue of <a href="/wiki/Eleanor_of_Aquitaine" title="Eleanor of Aquitaine">Eleanor of Aquitaine</a>. With the <a href="/wiki/British_claims_to_the_French_throne" class="mw-redirect" title="British claims to the French throne">English claim to the throne of France</a>, the influence of the language in use at the <a href="/wiki/Royal_court" title="Royal court">royal court</a> of France in <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> increased. The cultural influence of <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> remained strong in the following centuries, and from the <a href="/wiki/Renaissance" title="Renaissance">Renaissance</a> onward borrowings were mainly made from <a href="/wiki/Parisian_French" class="mw-redirect" title="Parisian French">Parisian French</a>, which became the <i><a href="/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto">de facto</a></i> standard language of France. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_fields_of_French_influence">Notable fields of French influence</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_English_words_of_French_origin&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Notable fields of French influence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Feudalism">Feudalism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_English_words_of_French_origin&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Feudalism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Norman rule of England had a lasting impact on British society. Words from <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Norman_language" title="Anglo-Norman language">Anglo-Norman</a> or <a href="/wiki/Old_French" title="Old French">Old French</a> include terms related to <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/chivalry" class="extiw" title="wikt:chivalry">chivalry</a> (<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/homage" class="extiw" title="wikt:homage">homage</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/liege" class="extiw" title="wikt:liege">liege</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/peasant" class="extiw" title="wikt:peasant">peasant</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/seigniorage" class="extiw" title="wikt:seigniorage">seigniorage</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/suzerain" class="extiw" title="wikt:suzerain">suzerain</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/vassal" class="extiw" title="wikt:vassal">vassal</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/villain" class="extiw" title="wikt:villain">villain</a>) and other institutions (<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bailiff" class="extiw" title="wikt:bailiff">bailiff</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/chancellor" class="extiw" title="wikt:chancellor">chancellor</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/council" class="extiw" title="wikt:council">council</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/government" class="extiw" title="wikt:government">government</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mayor" class="extiw" title="wikt:mayor">mayor</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/minister" class="extiw" title="wikt:minister">minister</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/parliament" class="extiw" title="wikt:parliament">parliament</a>), the organisation of religion (<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/abbey" class="extiw" title="wikt:abbey">abbey</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/clergy" class="extiw" title="wikt:clergy">clergy</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cloister" class="extiw" title="wikt:cloister">cloister</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/diocese" class="extiw" title="wikt:diocese">diocese</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/friar" class="extiw" title="wikt:friar">friar</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mass" class="extiw" title="wikt:mass">mass</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/parish" class="extiw" title="wikt:parish">parish</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/prayer" class="extiw" title="wikt:prayer">prayer</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/preach" class="extiw" title="wikt:preach">preach</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/priest" class="extiw" title="wikt:priest">priest</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sacristy" class="extiw" title="wikt:sacristy">sacristy</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/vestment" class="extiw" title="wikt:vestment">vestment</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/vestry" class="extiw" title="wikt:vestry">vestry</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/vicar" class="extiw" title="wikt:vicar">vicar</a>), the nobility (<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/baron" class="extiw" title="wikt:baron">baron</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/count" class="extiw" title="wikt:count">count</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/dame" class="extiw" title="wikt:dame">dame</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/duke" class="extiw" title="wikt:duke">duke</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/marquis" class="extiw" title="wikt:marquis">marquis</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/prince" class="extiw" title="wikt:prince">prince</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sir" class="extiw" title="wikt:sir">sir</a>), and the art of war (<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/armor" class="extiw" title="wikt:armor">armour</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/baldric" class="extiw" title="wikt:baldric">baldric</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/dungeon" class="extiw" title="wikt:dungeon">dungeon</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hauberk" class="extiw" title="wikt:hauberk">hauberk</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mail" class="extiw" title="wikt:mail">mail</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/portcullis" class="extiw" title="wikt:portcullis">portcullis</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/rampart" class="extiw" title="wikt:rampart">rampart</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/surcoat" class="extiw" title="wikt:surcoat">surcoat</a>). Many of these words related to the <a href="/wiki/Feudal_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Feudal system">feudal system</a> or <a href="/wiki/Medieval_warfare" title="Medieval warfare">medieval warfare</a> have a Germanic origin (mainly through <a href="/wiki/Old_Frankish" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Frankish">Old Frankish</a>) (see also <i><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_words_of_Germanic_origin" title="List of French words of Germanic origin">French words of Germanic origin</a></i>). </p><p>The Norman origin of the British monarchy is visible in expressions like <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Prince_Regent" class="extiw" title="wikt:Prince Regent">Prince Regent</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/heir_apparent" class="extiw" title="wikt:heir apparent">heir apparent</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Princess_Royal" class="extiw" title="wikt:Princess Royal">Princess Royal</a> where the adjective is <a href="/wiki/Postpositive_adjective" title="Postpositive adjective">placed after the noun</a>, like in French. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Heraldry">Heraldry</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_English_words_of_French_origin&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Heraldry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The vocabulary of <a href="/wiki/Heraldry" title="Heraldry">heraldry</a> has been heavily influenced by French (<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/blazon" class="extiw" title="wikt:blazon">blazon</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/or" class="extiw" title="wikt:or">or</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/argent" class="extiw" title="wikt:argent">argent</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sable" class="extiw" title="wikt:sable">sable</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/gules" class="extiw" title="wikt:gules">gules</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/passant" class="extiw" title="wikt:passant">passant</a>), for more details see <a href="/wiki/Tincture_(heraldry)" title="Tincture (heraldry)">tinctures</a>, <a href="/wiki/Attitude_(heraldry)" title="Attitude (heraldry)">attitudes</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Charge_(heraldry)" title="Charge (heraldry)">charges</a> of heraldry. </p><p>Sometimes used in heraldry, some <a href="/wiki/Legendary_creature" title="Legendary creature">mythological beasts</a> (<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cockatrice" class="extiw" title="wikt:cockatrice">cockatrice</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/dragon" class="extiw" title="wikt:dragon">dragon</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/griffin" class="extiw" title="wikt:griffin">griffin</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hippogriff" class="extiw" title="wikt:hippogriff">hippogriff</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/phoenix" class="extiw" title="wikt:phoenix">phoenix</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/wyvern" class="extiw" title="wikt:wyvern">wyvern</a>) or exotic animals (<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/lion" class="extiw" title="wikt:lion">lion</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/leopard" class="extiw" title="wikt:leopard">leopard</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/antelope" class="extiw" title="wikt:antelope">antelope</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/gazelle" class="extiw" title="wikt:gazelle">gazelle</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/giraffe" class="extiw" title="wikt:giraffe">giraffe</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/camel" class="extiw" title="wikt:camel">camel</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/zebu" class="extiw" title="wikt:zebu">zebu</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/elephant" class="extiw" title="wikt:elephant">elephant</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/baboon" class="extiw" title="wikt:baboon">baboon</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/macaque" class="extiw" title="wikt:macaque">macaque</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mouflon" class="extiw" title="wikt:mouflon">mouflon</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/dolphin" class="extiw" title="wikt:dolphin">dolphin</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ocelot" class="extiw" title="wikt:ocelot">ocelot</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ostrich" class="extiw" title="wikt:ostrich">ostrich</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/chameleon" class="extiw" title="wikt:chameleon">chameleon</a>) draw their name from French. It is also the case of some animals native of Europe (via Anglo-Norman: <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/buzzard" class="extiw" title="wikt:buzzard">buzzard</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/coney" class="extiw" title="wikt:coney">coney</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/eagle" class="extiw" title="wikt:eagle">eagle</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/egret" class="extiw" title="wikt:egret">egret</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/falcon" class="extiw" title="wikt:falcon">falcon</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ferret" class="extiw" title="wikt:ferret">ferret</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/heron" class="extiw" title="wikt:heron">heron</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/leveret" class="extiw" title="wikt:leveret">leveret</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/lizard" class="extiw" title="wikt:lizard">lizard</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/marten" class="extiw" title="wikt:marten">marten</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/rabbit" class="extiw" title="wikt:rabbit">rabbit</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/salmon" class="extiw" title="wikt:salmon">salmon</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/squirrel" class="extiw" title="wikt:squirrel">squirrel</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/viper" class="extiw" title="wikt:viper">viper</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Military">Military</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_English_words_of_French_origin&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Military"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The vocabulary of warfare and the military include many words and expressions of French origin (<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/accoutrements" class="extiw" title="wikt:accoutrements">accoutrements</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/aide-de-camp" class="extiw" title="wikt:aide-de-camp">aide-de-camp</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/army" class="extiw" title="wikt:army">army</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/artillery" class="extiw" title="wikt:artillery">artillery</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/battalion" class="extiw" title="wikt:battalion">battalion</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bivouac" class="extiw" title="wikt:bivouac">bivouac</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/brigade" class="extiw" title="wikt:brigade">brigade</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/camouflage" class="extiw" title="wikt:camouflage">camouflage</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/carabineer" class="extiw" title="wikt:carabineer">carabineer</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cavalry" class="extiw" title="wikt:cavalry">cavalry</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cordon_sanitaire" class="extiw" title="wikt:cordon sanitaire">cordon sanitaire</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/corps" class="extiw" title="wikt:corps">corps</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/corvette" class="extiw" title="wikt:corvette">corvette</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/dragoon" class="extiw" title="wikt:dragoon">dragoon</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/espionage" class="extiw" title="wikt:espionage">espionage</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/esprit_de_corps" class="extiw" title="wikt:esprit de corps">esprit de corps</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%C3%A9tat_major" class="extiw" title="wikt:état major">état major</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/fusilier" class="extiw" title="wikt:fusilier">fusilier</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/grenadier" class="extiw" title="wikt:grenadier">grenadier</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/guard" class="extiw" title="wikt:guard">guard</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hors-de-combat" class="extiw" title="wikt:hors-de-combat">hors-de-combat</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/infantry" class="extiw" title="wikt:infantry">infantry</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/latrine" class="extiw" title="wikt:latrine">latrine</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/legionnaire" class="extiw" title="wikt:legionnaire">legionnaire</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/logistics" class="extiw" title="wikt:logistics">logistics</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mat%C3%A9riel" class="extiw" title="wikt:matériel">matériel</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/marine" class="extiw" title="wikt:marine">marine</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/morale" class="extiw" title="wikt:morale">morale</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/musketeer" class="extiw" title="wikt:musketeer">musketeer</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/officer" class="extiw" title="wikt:officer">officer</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pistol" class="extiw" title="wikt:pistol">pistol</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/platoon" class="extiw" title="wikt:platoon">platoon</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/reconnaissance" class="extiw" title="wikt:reconnaissance">reconnaissance</a>/<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/reconnoitre" class="extiw" title="wikt:reconnoitre">reconnoitre</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/regiment" class="extiw" title="wikt:regiment">regiment</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/rendezvous" class="extiw" title="wikt:rendezvous">rendezvous</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/siege" class="extiw" title="wikt:siege">siege</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/soldier" class="extiw" title="wikt:soldier">soldier</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sortie" class="extiw" title="wikt:sortie">sortie</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/squad" class="extiw" title="wikt:squad">squad</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/squadron" class="extiw" title="wikt:squadron">squadron</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/surrender" class="extiw" title="wikt:surrender">surrender</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/surveillance" class="extiw" title="wikt:surveillance">surveillance</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/terrain" class="extiw" title="wikt:terrain">terrain</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/troop" class="extiw" title="wikt:troop">troop</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/volley" class="extiw" title="wikt:volley">volley</a>). This includes military ranks: <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/admiral" class="extiw" title="wikt:admiral">admiral</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/captain" class="extiw" title="wikt:captain">captain</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/colonel" class="extiw" title="wikt:colonel">colonel</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/corporal" class="extiw" title="wikt:corporal">corporal</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/general" class="extiw" title="wikt:general">general</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/lieutenant" class="extiw" title="wikt:lieutenant">lieutenant</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sergeant" class="extiw" title="wikt:sergeant">sergeant</a>. Many <a href="/wiki/Fencing_terms" class="mw-redirect" title="Fencing terms">fencing terms</a> are also from French. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Politics_and_economics">Politics and economics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_English_words_of_French_origin&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Politics and economics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The political/economic lexicon include many words of French origin like <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/money" class="extiw" title="wikt:money">money</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/treasury" class="extiw" title="wikt:treasury">treasury</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/exchequer" class="extiw" title="wikt:exchequer">exchequer</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/commerce" class="extiw" title="wikt:commerce">commerce</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/finance" class="extiw" title="wikt:finance">finance</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tax" class="extiw" title="wikt:tax">tax</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/liberalism" class="extiw" title="wikt:liberalism">liberalism</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/capitalism" class="extiw" title="wikt:capitalism">capitalism</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/materialism" class="extiw" title="wikt:materialism">materialism</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/nationalism" class="extiw" title="wikt:nationalism">nationalism</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/plebiscite" class="extiw" title="wikt:plebiscite">plebiscite</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" class="extiw" title="wikt:coup d'état">coup d'état</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/regime" class="extiw" title="wikt:regime">regime</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sovereignty" class="extiw" title="wikt:sovereignty">sovereignty</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/state" class="extiw" title="wikt:state">state</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/administration" class="extiw" title="wikt:administration">administration</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/federal" class="extiw" title="wikt:federal">federal</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bureaucracy" class="extiw" title="wikt:bureaucracy">bureaucracy</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/constitution" class="extiw" title="wikt:constitution">constitution</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/jurisdiction" class="extiw" title="wikt:jurisdiction">jurisdiction</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/district" class="extiw" title="wikt:district">district</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Law">Law</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_English_words_of_French_origin&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Law"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Law_French" title="Law French">Law French</a></div> <p>The judicial lexicon has been heavily influenced by French (<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/justice" class="extiw" title="wikt:justice">justice</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/judge" class="extiw" title="wikt:judge">judge</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/jury" class="extiw" title="wikt:jury">jury</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/attorney" class="extiw" title="wikt:attorney">attorney</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/court" class="extiw" title="wikt:court">court</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/case" class="extiw" title="wikt:case">case</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Diplomacy">Diplomacy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_English_words_of_French_origin&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Diplomacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/attach%C3%A9" class="extiw" title="wikt:attaché">attaché</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/charg%C3%A9_d%27affaires" class="extiw" title="wikt:chargé d'affaires">chargé d'affaires</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/envoy" class="extiw" title="wikt:envoy">envoy</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/embassy" class="extiw" title="wikt:embassy">embassy</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/chancery" class="extiw" title="wikt:chancery">chancery</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/diplomacy" class="extiw" title="wikt:diplomacy">diplomacy</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/d%C3%A9marche" class="extiw" title="wikt:démarche">démarche</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/communiqu%C3%A9" class="extiw" title="wikt:communiqué">communiqué</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/aide-m%C3%A9moire" class="extiw" title="wikt:aide-mémoire">aide-mémoire</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/d%C3%A9tente" class="extiw" title="wikt:détente">détente</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/entente" class="extiw" title="wikt:entente">entente</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/rapprochement" class="extiw" title="wikt:rapprochement">rapprochement</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/accord" class="extiw" title="wikt:accord">accord</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/treaty" class="extiw" title="wikt:treaty">treaty</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/alliance" class="extiw" title="wikt:alliance">alliance</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/passport" class="extiw" title="wikt:passport">passport</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/protocol" class="extiw" title="wikt:protocol">protocol</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Arts">Arts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_English_words_of_French_origin&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Arts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/art" class="extiw" title="wikt:art">art</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/music" class="extiw" title="wikt:music">music</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/dance" class="extiw" title="wikt:dance">dance</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/theatre" class="extiw" title="wikt:theatre">theatre</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/author" class="extiw" title="wikt:author">author</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/stage" class="extiw" title="wikt:stage">stage</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/paint" class="extiw" title="wikt:paint">paint</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/canvas" class="extiw" title="wikt:canvas">canvas</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/perform" class="extiw" title="wikt:perform">perform</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/harmony" class="extiw" title="wikt:harmony">harmony</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/melody" class="extiw" title="wikt:melody">melody</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/rhythm" class="extiw" title="wikt:rhythm">rhythm</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/trumpet" class="extiw" title="wikt:trumpet">trumpet</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/note" class="extiw" title="wikt:note">note</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/director" class="extiw" title="wikt:director">director</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/gallery" class="extiw" title="wikt:gallery">gallery</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/portrait" class="extiw" title="wikt:portrait">portrait</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/brush" class="extiw" title="wikt:brush">brush</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pallet" class="extiw" title="wikt:pallet">pallet</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/montage" class="extiw" title="wikt:montage">montage</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/surrealism" class="extiw" title="wikt:surrealism">surrealism</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/impressionism" class="extiw" title="wikt:impressionism">impressionism</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/fauvism" class="extiw" title="wikt:fauvism">fauvism</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cubism" class="extiw" title="wikt:cubism">cubism</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/symbolism" class="extiw" title="wikt:symbolism">symbolism</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/art_nouveau" class="extiw" title="wikt:art nouveau">art nouveau</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/gouache" class="extiw" title="wikt:gouache">gouache</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/aquarelle" class="extiw" title="wikt:aquarelle">aquarelle</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/collage" class="extiw" title="wikt:collage">collage</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/render" class="extiw" title="wikt:render">render</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/frieze" class="extiw" title="wikt:frieze">frieze</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/grisaille" class="extiw" title="wikt:grisaille">grisaille</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Architecture">Architecture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_English_words_of_French_origin&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Architecture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/aisle" class="extiw" title="wikt:aisle">aisle</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/arcade" class="extiw" title="wikt:arcade">arcade</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/arch" class="extiw" title="wikt:arch">arch</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/vault" class="extiw" title="wikt:vault">vault</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/voussoir" class="extiw" title="wikt:voussoir">voussoir</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/belfry" class="extiw" title="wikt:belfry">belfry</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/arc-boutant" class="extiw" title="wikt:arc-boutant">arc-boutant</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/buttress" class="extiw" title="wikt:buttress">buttress</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bay" class="extiw" title="wikt:bay">bay</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/lintel" class="extiw" title="wikt:lintel">lintel</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/estrade" class="extiw" title="wikt:estrade">estrade</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/facade" class="extiw" title="wikt:facade">facade</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/balustrade" class="extiw" title="wikt:balustrade">balustrade</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/terrace" class="extiw" title="wikt:terrace">terrace</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/lunette" class="extiw" title="wikt:lunette">lunette</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/niche" class="extiw" title="wikt:niche">niche</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pavilion" class="extiw" title="wikt:pavilion">pavilion</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pilaster" class="extiw" title="wikt:pilaster">pilaster</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/porte_coch%C3%A8re" class="extiw" title="wikt:porte cochère">porte cochère</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Aviation_and_automobile_engineering">Aviation and automobile engineering</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_English_words_of_French_origin&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Aviation and automobile engineering"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>France played a pioneering role in the fields of <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/aviation" class="extiw" title="wikt:aviation">aviation</a> (<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/nacelle" class="extiw" title="wikt:nacelle">nacelle</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/empennage" class="extiw" title="wikt:empennage">empennage</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/fuselage" class="extiw" title="wikt:fuselage">fuselage</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/fenestron" class="extiw" title="wikt:fenestron">fenestron</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/aileron" class="extiw" title="wikt:aileron">aileron</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/altimeter" class="extiw" title="wikt:altimeter">altimeter</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/canard" class="extiw" title="wikt:canard">canard</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/decalage" class="extiw" title="wikt:decalage">decalage</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/monocoque" class="extiw" title="wikt:monocoque">monocoque</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/turbine" class="extiw" title="wikt:turbine">turbine</a>) and <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/automobile" class="extiw" title="wikt:automobile">automobile</a> engineering or design (<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/chassis" class="extiw" title="wikt:chassis">chassis</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/piston" class="extiw" title="wikt:piston">piston</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/arbor" class="extiw" title="wikt:arbor">arbor</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/grille" class="extiw" title="wikt:grille">grille</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tonneau" class="extiw" title="wikt:tonneau">tonneau</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/berline" class="extiw" title="wikt:berline">berline</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sedan" class="extiw" title="wikt:sedan">sedan</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/limousine" class="extiw" title="wikt:limousine">limousine</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cabriolet" class="extiw" title="wikt:cabriolet">cabriolet</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/coup%C3%A9" class="extiw" title="wikt:coupé">coupé</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/convertible" class="extiw" title="wikt:convertible">convertible</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cuisine">Cuisine</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_English_words_of_French_origin&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Cuisine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/baba_au_rhum" class="extiw" title="wikt:baba au rhum">baba au rhum</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/beef" class="extiw" title="wikt:beef">beef</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/beef_bourguignon" class="extiw" title="wikt:beef bourguignon">beef bourguignon</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/boudin" class="extiw" title="wikt:boudin">boudin</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/caramel" class="extiw" title="wikt:caramel">caramel</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/casserole" class="extiw" title="wikt:casserole">casserole</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cassoulet" class="extiw" title="wikt:cassoulet">cassoulet</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/clafoutis" class="extiw" title="wikt:clafoutis">clafoutis</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/confit" class="extiw" title="wikt:confit">confit</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/consomm%C3%A9" class="extiw" title="wikt:consommé">consommé</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cream" class="extiw" title="wikt:cream">cream</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/croissant" class="extiw" title="wikt:croissant">croissant</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/custard" class="extiw" title="wikt:custard">custard</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/filet_mignon" class="extiw" title="wikt:filet mignon">filet mignon</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/fillet" class="extiw" title="wikt:fillet">fillet</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/foie_gras" class="extiw" title="wikt:foie gras">foie gras</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/flognarde" class="extiw" title="wikt:flognarde">flognarde</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/fondant" class="extiw" title="wikt:fondant">fondant</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/fondue" class="extiw" title="wikt:fondue">fondue</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/gateau" class="extiw" title="wikt:gateau">gateau</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/gratin" class="extiw" title="wikt:gratin">gratin</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/madeleine" class="extiw" title="wikt:madeleine">madeleine</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/marmalade" class="extiw" title="wikt:marmalade">marmalade</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mayonnaise" class="extiw" title="wikt:mayonnaise">mayonnaise</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/meringue" class="extiw" title="wikt:meringue">meringue</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mille-feuille" class="extiw" title="wikt:mille-feuille">mille-feuille</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mustard" class="extiw" title="wikt:mustard">mustard</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mutton" class="extiw" title="wikt:mutton">mutton</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/navarin" class="extiw" title="wikt:navarin">navarin</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/p%C3%A2t%C3%A9" class="extiw" title="wikt:pâté">pâté</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pastry" class="extiw" title="wikt:pastry">pastry</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/petit_four" class="extiw" title="wikt:petit four">petit four</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pork" class="extiw" title="wikt:pork">pork</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/porridge" class="extiw" title="wikt:porridge">porridge</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/potage" class="extiw" title="wikt:potage">potage</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pudding" class="extiw" title="wikt:pudding">pudding</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/puree" class="extiw" title="wikt:puree">puree</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ragout" class="extiw" title="wikt:ragout">ragout</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ratatouille" class="extiw" title="wikt:ratatouille">ratatouille</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/roux" class="extiw" title="wikt:roux">roux</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/salad" class="extiw" title="wikt:salad">salad</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sauce" class="extiw" title="wikt:sauce">sauce</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sausage" class="extiw" title="wikt:sausage">sausage</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/souffl%C3%A9" class="extiw" title="wikt:soufflé">soufflé</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/soup" class="extiw" title="wikt:soup">soup</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/stew" class="extiw" title="wikt:stew">stew</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/terrine" class="extiw" title="wikt:terrine">terrine</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/trifle" class="extiw" title="wikt:trifle">trifle</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/veal" class="extiw" title="wikt:veal">veal</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/venison" class="extiw" title="wikt:venison">venison</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/vol-au-vent" class="extiw" title="wikt:vol-au-vent">vol-au-vent</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Colours_and_Other_Influences">Colours and Other Influences</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_English_words_of_French_origin&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Colours and Other Influences"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Other influences include the names of colours (<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ecru" class="extiw" title="wikt:ecru">ecru</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mauve" class="extiw" title="wikt:mauve">mauve</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/beige" class="extiw" title="wikt:beige">beige</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/carmine" class="extiw" title="wikt:carmine">carmine</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/maroon" class="extiw" title="wikt:maroon">maroon</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/blue" class="extiw" title="wikt:blue">blue</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/orange" class="extiw" title="wikt:orange">orange</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/violet" class="extiw" title="wikt:violet">violet</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/vermilion" class="extiw" title="wikt:vermilion">vermilion</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/turquoise" class="extiw" title="wikt:turquoise">turquoise</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/lilac" class="extiw" title="wikt:lilac">lilac</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/perse" class="extiw" title="wikt:perse">perse</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/russet" class="extiw" title="wikt:russet">russet</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/scarlet" class="extiw" title="wikt:scarlet">scarlet</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cerise" class="extiw" title="wikt:cerise">cerise</a>), vegetables or fruits (<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/courgette" class="extiw" title="wikt:courgette">courgette</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/aubergine" class="extiw" title="wikt:aubergine">aubergine</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cabbage" class="extiw" title="wikt:cabbage">cabbage</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/carrot" class="extiw" title="wikt:carrot">carrot</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cherry" class="extiw" title="wikt:cherry">cherry</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/chestnut" class="extiw" title="wikt:chestnut">chestnut</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cucumber" class="extiw" title="wikt:cucumber">cucumber</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/nutmeg" class="extiw" title="wikt:nutmeg">nutmeg</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/quince" class="extiw" title="wikt:quince">quince</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/spinach" class="extiw" title="wikt:spinach">spinach</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/lemon" class="extiw" title="wikt:lemon">lemon</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/orange" class="extiw" title="wikt:orange">orange</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/apricot" class="extiw" title="wikt:apricot">apricot</a>), and months of the year (<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/January" class="extiw" title="wikt:January">January</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/March" class="extiw" title="wikt:March">March</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/May" class="extiw" title="wikt:May">May</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/July" class="extiw" title="wikt:July">July</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/November" class="extiw" title="wikt:November">November</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/December" class="extiw" title="wikt:December">December</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Terms_coined_by_French_people">Terms coined by French people</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_English_words_of_French_origin&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Terms coined by French people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some of the French words that made their way into the English language were coined by French speaking inventors, discoverers or pioneers, or scientists: <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cinema" class="extiw" title="wikt:cinema">cinema</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/television" class="extiw" title="wikt:television">television</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/helicopter" class="extiw" title="wikt:helicopter">helicopter</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/parachute" class="extiw" title="wikt:parachute">parachute</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/harmonium" class="extiw" title="wikt:harmonium">harmonium</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bathyscaphe" class="extiw" title="wikt:bathyscaphe">bathyscaphe</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/lactose" class="extiw" title="wikt:lactose">lactose</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/lecithin" class="extiw" title="wikt:lecithin">lecithin</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bacteriophage" class="extiw" title="wikt:bacteriophage">bacteriophage</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/chlorophyll" class="extiw" title="wikt:chlorophyll">chlorophyll</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mastodon" class="extiw" title="wikt:mastodon">mastodon</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pterodactyl" class="extiw" title="wikt:pterodactyl">pterodactyl</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/oxide" class="extiw" title="wikt:oxide">oxide</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/oxygen" class="extiw" title="wikt:oxygen">oxygen</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hydrogen" class="extiw" title="wikt:hydrogen">hydrogen</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/carbon" class="extiw" title="wikt:carbon">carbon</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/photography" class="extiw" title="wikt:photography">photography</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/stethoscope" class="extiw" title="wikt:stethoscope">stethoscope</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/thermometer" class="extiw" title="wikt:thermometer">thermometer</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/stratosphere" class="extiw" title="wikt:stratosphere">stratosphere</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/troposphere" class="extiw" title="wikt:troposphere">troposphere</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Named_after_French_people">Named after French people</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_English_words_of_French_origin&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Named after French people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some French words were named after French people, from their family name, especially in the fields of <a href="/wiki/Science" title="Science">science</a> (<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ampere" class="extiw" title="wikt:ampere">ampere</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/appertisation" class="extiw" title="wikt:appertisation">appertisation</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/baud" class="extiw" title="wikt:baud">baud</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/becquerel" class="extiw" title="wikt:becquerel">becquerel</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/braille" class="extiw" title="wikt:braille">braille</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/coulomb" class="extiw" title="wikt:coulomb">coulomb</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/curie" class="extiw" title="wikt:curie">curie</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/daguerreotype" class="extiw" title="wikt:daguerreotype">daguerreotype</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pascal" class="extiw" title="wikt:pascal">pascal</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pasteurise" class="extiw" title="wikt:pasteurise">pasteurise</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/vernier" class="extiw" title="wikt:vernier">vernier</a>), <a href="/wiki/Botany" title="Botany">botany</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mineralogy" title="Mineralogy">mineralogy</a> (<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/begonia" class="extiw" title="wikt:begonia">begonia</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bougainvillea" class="extiw" title="wikt:bougainvillea">bougainvillea</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/clementine" class="extiw" title="wikt:clementine">clementine</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/magnolia" class="extiw" title="wikt:magnolia">magnolia</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/dolomite" class="extiw" title="wikt:dolomite">dolomite</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/nicotine" class="extiw" title="wikt:nicotine">nicotine</a>), fashion and style or any other cultural aspect (<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/lavalier" class="extiw" title="wikt:lavalier">lavalier</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/leotard" class="extiw" title="wikt:leotard">leotard</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/recamier" class="extiw" title="wikt:recamier">recamier</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mansard" class="extiw" title="wikt:mansard">mansard</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/chauvinism" class="extiw" title="wikt:chauvinism">chauvinism</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/kir" class="extiw" title="wikt:kir">kir</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/praline" class="extiw" title="wikt:praline">praline</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/saxophone" class="extiw" title="wikt:saxophone">saxophone</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/silhouette" class="extiw" title="wikt:silhouette">silhouette</a>, guillotine). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Proper_names">Proper names</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_English_words_of_French_origin&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Proper names"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The names of certain cities in non-francophone regions/countries entered English with French spelling (<a href="/wiki/Louisville,_Kentucky" title="Louisville, Kentucky">Louisville</a>, <a href="/wiki/Konstanz" title="Konstanz">Constance</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ypres" title="Ypres">Ypres</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bruges" title="Bruges">Bruges</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leuven" title="Leuven">Louvain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turin" title="Turin">Turin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Milan" title="Milan">Milan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Piacenza" title="Piacenza">Plaisance</a>, <a href="/wiki/Florence" title="Florence">Florence</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>, <a href="/wiki/Naples" title="Naples">Naples</a>, <a href="/wiki/Syracuse,_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Syracuse, Italy">Syracuse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prague" title="Prague">Prague</a>, <a href="/wiki/Munich" title="Munich">Munich</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cologne" title="Cologne">Cologne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aix-la-Chapelle" class="mw-redirect" title="Aix-la-Chapelle">Aix-la-Chapelle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Seville" title="Seville">Seville</a>, <a href="/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a>). </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a>, the names of some of the <a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">Native American</a> peoples or <a href="/wiki/First_Nations_in_Canada" title="First Nations in Canada">First Nations</a> the French came in contact with first are from French (<a href="/wiki/Sioux" title="Sioux">Sioux</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saulteaux" title="Saulteaux">Saulteaux</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iroquois" title="Iroquois">Iroquois</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nez_Perce_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Nez Perce people">Nez Perce</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wyandot_people" title="Wyandot people">Huron</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cheyenne" title="Cheyenne">Cheyenne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Algonquian_peoples" title="Algonquian peoples">Algonquin</a>). It is also the case of some place names such as <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arkansas" title="Arkansas">Arkansas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maine" title="Maine">Maine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan">Michigan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vermont" title="Vermont">Vermont</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baton_Rouge" class="mw-redirect" title="Baton Rouge">Baton Rouge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Boise,_Idaho" title="Boise, Idaho">Boise</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a>, <a href="/wiki/Des_Moines" class="mw-redirect" title="Des Moines">Des Moines</a>, <a href="/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit">Detroit</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Main_patterns_of_influence">Main patterns of influence</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_English_words_of_French_origin&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Main patterns of influence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some words from <a href="/wiki/Old_French" title="Old French">Old French</a> have been imported again from <a href="/wiki/Middle_French" title="Middle French">Middle French</a> or <a href="/wiki/Modern_French" class="mw-redirect" title="Modern French">Modern French</a>, but have generally taken a more restrictive or specialised meaning the second time. Consider for instance these <a href="/wiki/Doublet_(linguistics)" title="Doublet (linguistics)">doublets</a> : <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/alley" class="extiw" title="wikt:alley">alley</a>/<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/all%C3%A9e" class="extiw" title="wikt:allée">allée</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/chair" class="extiw" title="wikt:chair">chair</a>/<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/chaise" class="extiw" title="wikt:chaise">chaise</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cream" class="extiw" title="wikt:cream">cream</a>/<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cr%C3%A8me" class="extiw" title="wikt:crème">crème</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/chief" class="extiw" title="wikt:chief">chief</a>/<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/chef" class="extiw" title="wikt:chef">chef</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/luminary" class="extiw" title="wikt:luminary">luminary</a>/<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/luminaire" class="extiw" title="wikt:luminaire">luminaire</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/liquor" class="extiw" title="wikt:liquor">liquor</a>/<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/liqueur" class="extiw" title="wikt:liqueur">liqueur</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/castle" class="extiw" title="wikt:castle">castle</a>/<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ch%C3%A2teau" class="extiw" title="wikt:château">château</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hostel" class="extiw" title="wikt:hostel">hostel</a>/<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hotel" class="extiw" title="wikt:hotel">hotel</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mask" class="extiw" title="wikt:mask">mask</a>/<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/masque" class="extiw" title="wikt:masque">masque</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/necessary" class="extiw" title="wikt:necessary">necessary</a>/<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/n%C3%A9cessaire" class="extiw" title="wikt:nécessaire">nécessaire</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/petty" class="extiw" title="wikt:petty">petty</a>/<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/petit" class="extiw" title="wikt:petit">petit</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ticket" class="extiw" title="wikt:ticket">ticket</a>/<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/etiquette" class="extiw" title="wikt:etiquette">etiquette</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/troop" class="extiw" title="wikt:troop">troop</a>/<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/troupe" class="extiw" title="wikt:troupe">troupe</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/vanguard" class="extiw" title="wikt:vanguard">vanguard</a>/<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/avant-garde" class="extiw" title="wikt:avant-garde">avant-garde</a>. Note that the word in French has kept the general meaning: e.g. <i>château</i> in French means "castle" and <i>chef</i> means "chief". Even when not imported several times in different forms, loanwords from French generally have a more restrictive or specialised meaning than in French: e.g. <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/legume" class="extiw" title="wikt:legume">legume</a> (in Fr. <i>légume</i> means "vegetable"), <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/gateau" class="extiw" title="wikt:gateau">gateau</a> (in Fr. <i>gâteau</i> means "cake"). </p><p>In some cases, the English language has been more conservative than the French one with Old French words, at least in spelling if not in pronunciation: e.g. <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/apostle" class="extiw" title="wikt:apostle">apostle</a> (O.Fr. <i>apostle</i> / M.Fr. <i>apôtre</i>), <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/castle" class="extiw" title="wikt:castle">castle</a> (O.Fr. <i>castel</i> or <i>chastel</i> / M.Fr. <i>château</i>), <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/forest" class="extiw" title="wikt:forest">forest</a> (O.Fr. <i>forest</i> / M.Fr. <i>forêt</i>), <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/vessel" class="extiw" title="wikt:vessel">vessel</a> (O.Fr. <i>vaissel</i> / M.Fr. <i>vaisseau</i>). Other Old French words have even disappeared from Modern French: <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/dandelion" class="extiw" title="wikt:dandelion">dandelion</a>. </p><p>On the other hand, a move to restore the <a href="/wiki/Classics" title="Classics">classical roots</a>, <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> or <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek" title="Ancient Greek">Ancient Greek</a>, occurred in the 16th and 17th centuries. Thus words from Old French saw their spelling re-Latinized. Although in most cases this did not affect their pronunciation (e.g. <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/debt" class="extiw" title="wikt:debt">debt</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/doubt" class="extiw" title="wikt:doubt">doubt</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/indict" class="extiw" title="wikt:indict">indict</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mayor" class="extiw" title="wikt:mayor">mayor</a>), in some cases it did (e.g. <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/abnormal" class="extiw" title="wikt:abnormal">abnormal</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/adventure" class="extiw" title="wikt:adventure">adventure</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/benefit" class="extiw" title="wikt:benefit">benefit</a>). The <i>ph</i> transcription of words of Greek etymology was restored instead of the <i>f</i>. Thus <i>fantosme</i> became <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/phantom" class="extiw" title="wikt:phantom">phantom</a>, <i>fesan</i> became <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pheasant" class="extiw" title="wikt:pheasant">pheasant</a>. This move occurred also in French, although less systematically: Old French <i>farmacie</i> became <i>pharmacie</i> ("pharmacy"), <i>fenix</i> became <i>phénix</i> ("phoenix"), but <i>fantosme</i> became <i>fantôme</i> ("phantom, ghost") and <i>fesan</i> became <i>faisan</i> ("pheasant"). </p><p>Beside re-Latinization that blurred the French origin of some words (e.g. <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/foliage" class="extiw" title="wikt:foliage">foliage</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/peradventure" class="extiw" title="wikt:peradventure">peradventure</a>), other modifications in spelling have included <a href="/wiki/Folk_etymology" title="Folk etymology">folk etymology</a> alterations, e.g. <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/andiron" class="extiw" title="wikt:andiron">andiron</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/belfry" class="extiw" title="wikt:belfry">belfry</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/crayfish" class="extiw" title="wikt:crayfish">crayfish</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cutlet" class="extiw" title="wikt:cutlet">cutlet</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/female" class="extiw" title="wikt:female">female</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/furbelow" class="extiw" title="wikt:furbelow">furbelow</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/gillyflower" class="extiw" title="wikt:gillyflower">gillyflower</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/gingerbread" class="extiw" title="wikt:gingerbread">gingerbread</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/penthouse" class="extiw" title="wikt:penthouse">penthouse</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pickaxe" class="extiw" title="wikt:pickaxe">pickaxe</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pulley" class="extiw" title="wikt:pulley">pulley</a>. </p><p>The spelling of some words was changed to keep the pronunciation as close to the original as possible (e.g. <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/leaven" class="extiw" title="wikt:leaven">leaven</a>). In other cases, the French spelling was kept and resulted in totally different pronunciation than French (e.g. <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/leopard" class="extiw" title="wikt:leopard">leopard</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/levee" class="extiw" title="wikt:levee">levee</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Terms that most recently entered the English language have kept French pronunciation and spelling (<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ambiance" class="extiw" title="wikt:ambiance">ambiance</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/aplomb" class="extiw" title="wikt:aplomb">aplomb</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/arbitrage" class="extiw" title="wikt:arbitrage">arbitrage</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/armoire" class="extiw" title="wikt:armoire">armoire</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/atelier" class="extiw" title="wikt:atelier">atelier</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/barrage" class="extiw" title="wikt:barrage">barrage</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bonhomie" class="extiw" title="wikt:bonhomie">bonhomie</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bourgeoisie" class="extiw" title="wikt:bourgeoisie">bourgeoisie</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/brochure" class="extiw" title="wikt:brochure">brochure</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bureau" class="extiw" title="wikt:bureau">bureau</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/caf%C3%A9" class="extiw" title="wikt:café">café</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/camaraderie" class="extiw" title="wikt:camaraderie">camaraderie</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/catalogue" class="extiw" title="wikt:catalogue">catalogue</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/chandelier" class="extiw" title="wikt:chandelier">chandelier</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/chauffeur" class="extiw" title="wikt:chauffeur">chauffeur</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/coiffure" class="extiw" title="wikt:coiffure">coiffure</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/collage" class="extiw" title="wikt:collage">collage</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cort%C3%A8ge" class="extiw" title="wikt:cortège">cortège</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cr%C3%A8che" class="extiw" title="wikt:crèche">crèche</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/critique" class="extiw" title="wikt:critique">critique</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/debris" class="extiw" title="wikt:debris">debris</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/d%C3%A9cor" class="extiw" title="wikt:décor">décor</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/d%C3%A9nouement" class="extiw" title="wikt:dénouement">dénouement</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/depot" class="extiw" title="wikt:depot">depot</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/dossier" class="extiw" title="wikt:dossier">dossier</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%C3%A9lite" class="extiw" title="wikt:élite">élite</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/entourage" class="extiw" title="wikt:entourage">entourage</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ennui" class="extiw" title="wikt:ennui">ennui</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/entrepreneur" class="extiw" title="wikt:entrepreneur">entrepreneur</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/espionage" class="extiw" title="wikt:espionage">espionage</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/expertise" class="extiw" title="wikt:expertise">expertise</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/expos%C3%A9" class="extiw" title="wikt:exposé">exposé</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/fatigue" class="extiw" title="wikt:fatigue">fatigue</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/financier" class="extiw" title="wikt:financier">financier</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/garage" class="extiw" title="wikt:garage">garage</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/genre" class="extiw" title="wikt:genre">genre</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/glacier" class="extiw" title="wikt:glacier">glacier</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/intrigue" class="extiw" title="wikt:intrigue">intrigue</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/liaison" class="extiw" title="wikt:liaison">liaison</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/lingerie" class="extiw" title="wikt:lingerie">lingerie</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/machine" class="extiw" title="wikt:machine">machine</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/massage" class="extiw" title="wikt:massage">massage</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/millionaire" class="extiw" title="wikt:millionaire">millionaire</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mirage" class="extiw" title="wikt:mirage">mirage</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/montage" class="extiw" title="wikt:montage">montage</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/panache" class="extiw" title="wikt:panache">panache</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/parti_pris" class="extiw" title="wikt:parti pris">parti pris</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/penchant" class="extiw" title="wikt:penchant">penchant</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/personnel" class="extiw" title="wikt:personnel">personnel</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/plaque" class="extiw" title="wikt:plaque">plaque</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/programme" class="extiw" title="wikt:programme">programme</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/promenade" class="extiw" title="wikt:promenade">promenade</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/rapport" class="extiw" title="wikt:rapport">rapport</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/rapporteur" class="extiw" title="wikt:rapporteur">rapporteur</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/repertoire" class="extiw" title="wikt:repertoire">repertoire</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/reservoir" class="extiw" title="wikt:reservoir">reservoir</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/routine" class="extiw" title="wikt:routine">routine</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sabotage" class="extiw" title="wikt:sabotage">sabotage</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sachet" class="extiw" title="wikt:sachet">sachet</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/souvenir" class="extiw" title="wikt:souvenir">souvenir</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tableau" class="extiw" title="wikt:tableau">tableau</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/terrain" class="extiw" title="wikt:terrain">terrain</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tranche" class="extiw" title="wikt:tranche">tranche</a>), though this may change with time, e.g. the initial <i>h</i> in <i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hotel" class="extiw" title="wikt:hotel">hotel</a></i> is not silent anymore, consider also the evolving pronunciation of <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/herb" class="extiw" title="wikt:herb">herb</a>, or <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/garage" class="extiw" title="wikt:garage">garage</a>. Expressions like <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/femme_fatale" class="extiw" title="wikt:femme fatale">femme fatale</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/faux_pas" class="extiw" title="wikt:faux pas">faux pas</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/haute_couture" class="extiw" title="wikt:haute couture">haute couture</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/b%C3%AAte_noire" class="extiw" title="wikt:bête noire">bête noire</a> and <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/enfant_terrible" class="extiw" title="wikt:enfant terrible">enfant terrible</a> are still recognisably French. </p><p>Borrowings are not a one-way process (<i>See <a href="/wiki/Reborrowing" title="Reborrowing">Reborrowing</a></i>). Some words of French origin ultimately come from Old English (Anglo-Saxon words): e.g. <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bateau" class="extiw" title="wikt:bateau">bateau</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/chiffon" class="extiw" title="wikt:chiffon">chiffon</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/gourmet" class="extiw" title="wikt:gourmet">gourmet</a>, or Middle English: e.g. <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/lingot" class="extiw" title="wikt:lingot">lingot</a>. While conversely, English words of French origin made their way "back" into Modern French: <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/budget" class="extiw" title="wikt:budget">budget</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/challenge" class="extiw" title="wikt:challenge">challenge</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/design" class="extiw" title="wikt:design">design</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/discount" class="extiw" title="wikt:discount">discount</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/establishment" class="extiw" title="wikt:establishment">establishment</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/express" class="extiw" title="wikt:express">express</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/fuel" class="extiw" title="wikt:fuel">fuel</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/gay" class="extiw" title="wikt:gay">gay</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/gin" class="extiw" title="wikt:gin">gin</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/humour" class="extiw" title="wikt:humour">humour</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/interview" class="extiw" title="wikt:interview">interview</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/jury" class="extiw" title="wikt:jury">jury</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/magazine" class="extiw" title="wikt:magazine">magazine</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/management" class="extiw" title="wikt:management">management</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mess" class="extiw" title="wikt:mess">mess</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pedigree" class="extiw" title="wikt:pedigree">pedigree</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/performance" class="extiw" title="wikt:performance">performance</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/rave" class="extiw" title="wikt:rave">rave</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/record" class="extiw" title="wikt:record">record</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/reporter" class="extiw" title="wikt:reporter">reporter</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/spleen" class="extiw" title="wikt:spleen">spleen</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sport" class="extiw" title="wikt:sport">sport</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/squat" class="extiw" title="wikt:squat">squat</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/standard" class="extiw" title="wikt:standard">standard</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/suspense" class="extiw" title="wikt:suspense">suspense</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tennis" class="extiw" title="wikt:tennis">tennis</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ticket" class="extiw" title="wikt:ticket">ticket</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/toast" class="extiw" title="wikt:toast">toast</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/toboggan" class="extiw" title="wikt:toboggan">toboggan</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tunnel" class="extiw" title="wikt:tunnel">tunnel</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/vintage" class="extiw" title="wikt:vintage">vintage</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="A–C"><span id="A.E2.80.93C"></span>A–C</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_English_words_of_French_origin&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: A–C"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_French_origin_(A%E2%80%93C)" title="List of English words of French origin (A–C)">List of English words of French origin (A–C)</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="D–I"><span id="D.E2.80.93I"></span>D–I</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_English_words_of_French_origin&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: D–I"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_French_origin_(D%E2%80%93I)" title="List of English words of French origin (D–I)">List of English words of French origin (D–I)</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="J–R"><span id="J.E2.80.93R"></span>J–R</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_English_words_of_French_origin&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: J–R"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_French_origin_(J%E2%80%93R)" title="List of English words of French origin (J–R)">List of English words of French origin (J–R)</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="S–Z"><span id="S.E2.80.93Z"></span>S–Z</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_English_words_of_French_origin&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: S–Z"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_French_origin_(S%E2%80%93Z)" title="List of English words of French origin (S–Z)">List of English words of French origin (S–Z)</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_English_words_of_French_origin&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wiktionary" title="Wiktionary">Wiktionary</a> has a category on <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Category:English_terms_derived_from_French" class="extiw" title="wikt:Category:English terms derived from French">English terms derived from French</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wiktionary" title="Wiktionary">Wiktionary</a> has a category on <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Category:English_terms_derived_from_Middle_French" class="extiw" title="wikt:Category:English terms derived from Middle French">English terms derived from Middle French</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wiktionary" title="Wiktionary">Wiktionary</a> has a category on <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Category:English_terms_derived_from_Old_French" class="extiw" title="wikt:Category:English terms derived from Old French">English terms derived from Old French</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wiktionary" title="Wiktionary">Wiktionary</a> has a category on <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Category:English_terms_derived_from_Old_Northern_French" class="extiw" title="wikt:Category:English terms derived from Old Northern French">English terms derived from Old Northern French</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wiktionary" title="Wiktionary">Wiktionary</a> has a category on <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Category:English_terms_derived_from_Anglo-Norman" class="extiw" title="wikt:Category:English terms derived from Anglo-Norman">English terms derived from Anglo-Norman</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wiktionary" title="Wiktionary">Wiktionary</a> has a category on <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Category:English_terms_derived_from_Norman" class="extiw" title="wikt:Category:English terms derived from Norman">English terms derived from Norman</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wiktionary" title="Wiktionary">Wiktionary</a> has a category on <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Category:English_terms_derived_from_Canadian_French" class="extiw" title="wikt:Category:English terms derived from Canadian French">English terms derived from Canadian French</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wiktionary" title="Wiktionary">Wiktionary</a> has a category on <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Category:English_terms_derived_from_Cajun_French" class="extiw" title="wikt:Category:English terms derived from Cajun French">English terms derived from Cajun French</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wiktionary" title="Wiktionary">Wiktionary</a> has a category on <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Category:English_terms_derived_from_Louisiana_Creole_French" class="extiw" title="wikt:Category:English terms derived from Louisiana Creole French">English terms derived from Louisiana Creole French</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <p><br /> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Influence_of_French_on_English" title="Influence of French on English">Influence of French on English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_French_words_and_expressions_in_English" title="Glossary of French words and expressions in English">Glossary of French words and expressions in English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_French" title="Law French">Law French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_fencing" title="Glossary of fencing">Glossary of fencing</a> (predominantly from French)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_ballet" title="Glossary of ballet">Glossary of ballet</a> (predominantly from French)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_English_loanwords_by_country_or_language_of_origin" class="mw-redirect" title="Lists of English loanwords by country or language of origin">Lists of English loanwords by country or language of origin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Gaulish_origin" title="List of English words of Gaulish origin">List of English words of Gaulish origin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Latin_origin" class="mw-redirect" title="List of English words of Latin origin">List of English words of Latin origin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_Latinates_of_Germanic_origin" title="List of English Latinates of Germanic origin">List of English Latinates of Germanic origin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_influence_in_English" title="Latin influence in English">Latin influence in English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_words_of_Germanic_origin" title="List of French words of Germanic origin">List of French words of Germanic origin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_words_of_Gaulish_origin" title="List of French words of Gaulish origin">List of French words of Gaulish origin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_words_of_Arabic_origin" title="List of French words of Arabic origin">List of French words of Arabic origin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_words_of_English_origin" title="List of French words of English origin">List of French words of English origin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_German_words_of_French_origin" title="List of German words of French origin">List of German words of French origin</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_English_words_of_French_origin&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Why_Study_French-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Why_Study_French_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211124044617/http://fren.athabascau.ca/why_study.php">"Why Study French"</a>. Athabasca University. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fren.athabascau.ca/why_study.php">the original</a> on 2021-11-24<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-10-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Why+Study+French&rft.pub=Athabasca+University&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffren.athabascau.ca%2Fwhy_study.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+English+words+of+French+origin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hejná-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hejná_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHejnáWalkden2022" class="citation book cs1">Hejná, Míša; Walkden, George (2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://library.oapen.org/viewer/web/viewer.html?file=/bitstream/handle/20.500.12657/57988/external_content.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y"><i>A history of English</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Language Science Press. pp. 205–206. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5281%2Fzenodo.6560337">10.5281/zenodo.6560337</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-96110-346-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-96110-346-1"><bdi>978-3-96110-346-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+history+of+English&rft.pages=205-206&rft.pub=Language+Science+Press&rft.date=2022&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.5281%2Fzenodo.6560337&rft.isbn=978-3-96110-346-1&rft.aulast=Hejn%C3%A1&rft.aufirst=M%C3%AD%C5%A1a&rft.au=Walkden%2C+George&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flibrary.oapen.org%2Fviewer%2Fweb%2Fviewer.html%3Ffile%3D%2Fbitstream%2Fhandle%2F20.500.12657%2F57988%2Fexternal_content.pdf%3Fsequence%3D1%26isAllowed%3Dy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+English+words+of+French+origin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Leading some to say that <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.connexionfrance.com/Archive/English-is-badly-pronounced-French">"English is just badly pronounced French"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=English+is+just+badly+pronounced+French&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.connexionfrance.com%2FArchive%2FEnglish-is-badly-pronounced-French&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+English+words+of+French+origin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_English_words_of_French_origin&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.etymonline.com/">Online Etymology Dictionary</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnrtl.fr/etymologie/">Centre National de Ressources Textuelles et Lexicales</a> <span class="languageicon">(in French)</span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="English_words_of_foreign_origin" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:English_words_of_foreign_origin" title="Template:English words of foreign origin"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:English_words_of_foreign_origin" title="Template talk:English words of foreign origin"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:English_words_of_foreign_origin" title="Special:EditPage/Template:English words of foreign origin"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="English_words_of_foreign_origin" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_English_words_by_country_or_language_of_origin" title="Lists of English words by country or language of origin">English words of foreign origin</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_African_origin" class="mw-redirect" title="List of English words of African origin">Africa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_South_African_slang_words" title="List of South African slang words">South African</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Afrikaans_origin" title="List of English words of Afrikaans origin">Afrikaans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Zulu_origin" title="List of English words of Zulu origin">Zulu</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_from_indigenous_languages_of_the_Americas" class="mw-redirect" title="List of English words from indigenous languages of the Americas">Indigenous languages of the Americas</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Arabic_origin" title="List of English words of Arabic origin">Arabic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Arabic_star_names" title="List of Arabic star names">star names</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Chinese_origin" title="List of English words of Chinese origin">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Hebrew_origin" title="List of English words of Hebrew origin">Hebrew</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Indian_origin" title="List of English words of Indian origin">India</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Dravidian_origin" title="List of English words of Dravidian origin">Dravidian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Hindi_or_Urdu_origin" title="List of English words of Hindi or Urdu origin">Hindi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Sanskrit_origin" title="List of English words of Sanskrit origin">Sanskrit</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Indonesian_origin" title="List of English words of Indonesian origin">Indonesia</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Japanese_origin" title="List of English words of Japanese origin">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Korean_origin" title="List of English words of Korean origin">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Malay_origin" title="List of English words of Malay origin">Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Persian_origin" title="List of English words of Persian origin">Persian</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Philippine_origin" class="mw-redirect" title="List of English words of Philippine origin">Philippines</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Turkic_origin" title="List of English words of Turkic origin">Turkic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Hindi_or_Urdu_origin" title="List of English words of Hindi or Urdu origin">Urdu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Etruscan_origin" title="List of English words of Etruscan origin">Etruscan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Greek_origin" class="mw-redirect" title="List of English words of Greek origin">Greek</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Greek_morphemes_used_in_English" title="List of Greek morphemes used in English">morphemes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Romani_origin" title="List of English words of Romani origin">Romani</a></li> <li>Slavic <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Czech_origin" title="List of English words of Czech origin">Czech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Polish_origin" title="List of English words of Polish origin">Polish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Russian_origin" title="List of English words of Russian origin">Russian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Ukrainian_origin" title="List of English words of Ukrainian origin">Ukrainian</a></li></ul></li> <li>Uralic <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Finnish_origin" title="List of English words of Finnish origin">Finnish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Hungarian_origin" title="List of English words of Hungarian origin">Hungarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Sami_origin" class="mw-redirect" title="List of English words of Sami origin">Sami</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Celtic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Brittonic_origin" title="List of English words of Brittonic origin">Brittonic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Gaulish_origin" title="List of English words of Gaulish origin">Gaulish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Irish_origin" title="List of English words of Irish origin">Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Scottish_Gaelic_origin" title="List of English words of Scottish Gaelic origin">Scottish Gaelic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Welsh_origin" title="List of English words of Welsh origin">Welsh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Germanic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Dutch_origin" title="List of English words of Dutch origin">Dutch</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_place_names_of_Dutch_origin" title="List of place names of Dutch origin">place names</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_places_with_Dutch_names" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian places with Dutch names">Australia</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_German_expressions_in_English" title="List of German expressions in English">German</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_pseudo-German_words_adapted_to_English" class="mw-redirect" title="List of pseudo-German words adapted to English">pseudo-German</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Norwegian_origin" class="mw-redirect" title="List of English words of Norwegian origin">Norwegian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Old_Norse_origin" title="List of English words of Old Norse origin">Old Norse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Scots_origin" title="List of English words of Scots origin">Scots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Swedish_origin" title="List of English words of Swedish origin">Swedish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Yiddish_origin" title="List of English words of Yiddish origin">Yiddish</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Italic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">French</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_expressions_in_English" class="mw-redirect" title="List of French expressions in English">expressions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_with_dual_French_and_Anglo-Saxon_variations" class="mw-redirect" title="List of English words with dual French and Anglo-Saxon variations">with Anglo-Saxon variations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_pseudo-French_words_adapted_to_English" class="mw-redirect" title="List of pseudo-French words adapted to English">pseudo-French</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Italian_origin" title="List of English words of Italian origin">Italian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Italian_musical_terms_used_in_English" title="List of Italian musical terms used in English">musical terms</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Latin_origin" class="mw-redirect" title="List of English words of Latin origin">Latin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Portuguese_origin" title="List of English words of Portuguese origin">Portuguese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Romanian_origin" title="List of English words of Romanian origin">Romanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Spanish_origin" title="List of English words of Spanish origin">Spanish</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Australian_Aboriginal_origin" title="List of English words of Australian Aboriginal origin">Australian aboriginal</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Hawaiian_origin" title="List of English words of Hawaiian origin">Hawaiian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_M%C4%81ori_origin" title="List of English words of Māori origin">Māori</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Polynesian_origin" title="List of English words of Polynesian origin">Polynesian</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1097304697">.mw-parser-output .dmbox{display:flex;align-items:center;clear:both;margin:0.9em 1em;border-top:1px solid #ccc;border-bottom:1px solid #ccc;padding:0.25em 0.35em;font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .dmbox>*{flex-shrink:0;margin:0 0.25em}.mw-parser-output .dmbox-body{flex-grow:1;flex-shrink:1;padding:0.1em 0}.mw-parser-output .dmbox-invalid-type{text-align:center}</style> <div role="note" id="setindexbox" class="metadata plainlinks dmbox dmbox-setindex"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DAB_list_gray.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Disambiguation icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/DAB_list_gray.svg/30px-DAB_list_gray.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/DAB_list_gray.svg/45px-DAB_list_gray.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/DAB_list_gray.svg/60px-DAB_list_gray.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="168" /></a></span><div class="dmbox-body">This article includes a language-related <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Lists_of_lists" title="Wikipedia:Lists of lists">list of lists</a>.</div> </div> <p><br /> </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_English_words_of_French_origin&oldid=1259125065">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_English_words_of_French_origin&oldid=1259125065</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Lists_of_language_lists" title="Category:Lists of language lists">Lists of language lists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Lists_of_English_words_of_French_origin" title="Category:Lists of English words of French origin">Lists of English words of French origin</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_references_from_January_2023" title="Category:Articles needing additional references from January 2023">Articles needing additional references from January 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_additional_references" title="Category:All articles needing additional references">All articles needing additional references</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_pages_needing_factual_verification" title="Category:All pages needing factual verification">All pages needing factual verification</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_factual_verification_from_December_2022" title="Category:Wikipedia articles needing factual verification from December 2022">Wikipedia articles needing factual verification from December 2022</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_lacking_reliable_references" title="Category:All articles lacking reliable references">All articles lacking reliable references</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_lacking_reliable_references_from_December_2022" title="Category:Articles lacking reliable references from December 2022">Articles lacking reliable references from December 2022</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_French-language_sources_(fr)" title="Category:Articles with French-language sources (fr)">Articles with French-language sources (fr)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Lists_of_lists_with_listcat_specified" title="Category:Lists of lists with listcat specified">Lists of lists with listcat specified</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 23 November 2024, at 14:18<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_English_words_of_French_origin&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-74cc59cb9d-nnng4","wgBackendResponseTime":139,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.636","walltime":"0.813","ppvisitednodes":{"value":2725,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":67979,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":3969,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":12,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":11,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":39116,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 650.539 1 -total"," 19.40% 126.175 1 Template:Reflist"," 17.27% 112.364 1 Template:In_lang"," 15.70% 102.133 1 Template:More_citations_needed"," 15.09% 98.148 2 Template:Cite_web"," 13.88% 90.282 1 Template:English_words_of_foreign_origin"," 13.75% 89.458 2 Template:Navbox"," 13.25% 86.191 1 Template:Ambox"," 9.57% 62.277 1 Template:Short_description"," 7.61% 49.475 9 Template:Wiktionary_category_2"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.394","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":17241001,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-57488d5c7d-24nz6","timestamp":"20241128021017","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"List of English words of French origin","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_English_words_of_French_origin","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1062699","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1062699","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2004-03-31T08:30:59Z","dateModified":"2024-11-23T14:18:34Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/9\/98\/Origins_of_English_PieChart.svg","headline":"Wikimedia list article"}</script> </body> </html>