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<!DOCTYPE HTML> <html class="page_article article_glossaire composition_glossaire ltr en no-js" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <base href="https://www.concurrences.com/"> <script type='text/javascript'>/*<![CDATA[*/(function(H){H.className=H.className.replace(/\bno-js\b/,'js')})(document.documentElement);/*]]>*/</script> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <title>Competence - Concurrences</title> <meta name="description" content="European competences Mandatory application and decentralisation shift: the contributions of EC Regulation 1/2003 When EC Regulation 1/2003 came into force on 1 May 2004, the application of…" /> <style type='text/css'>img.adapt-img{max-width:100%;height:auto;}.adapt-img-wrapper {display:inline-block;max-width:100%;position:relative;background-position:center;background-size:cover;background-repeat:no-repeat;line-height:1px;overflow:hidden}.adapt-img-wrapper.intrinsic{display:block}.adapt-img-wrapper.intrinsic::before{content:'';display:block;height:0;width:100%;}.adapt-img-wrapper.intrinsic img{position:absolute;left:0;top:0;width:100%;height:auto;}.adapt-img-wrapper.loading:not(.loaded){background-size: cover;}@media (min-width:320.5px){.adapt-img-wrapper.intrinsic-desktop{display:block}.adapt-img-wrapper.intrinsic-desktop::before{content:'';display:block;height:0;width:100%;}.adapt-img-wrapper.intrinsic-desktop img{position:absolute;left:0;top:0;width:100%;height:auto;}}.adapt-img-background{width:100%;height:0}@media print{html .adapt-img-wrapper{background:none}}</style> <script type='text/javascript'>/*<![CDATA[*/var adaptImgDocLength=128703;adaptImgAsyncStyles="picture.adapt-img-wrapper{background-size:0;}";adaptImgLazy=false;(function(){function d(a){var b=document.documentElement;b.className=b.className+" "+a}function f(a){var b=window.onload;window.onload="function"!=typeof window.onload?a:function(){b&&b();a()}}document.createElement("picture");adaptImgLazy&&d("lazy");var a=!1;if("undefined"!==typeof window.performance)a=window.performance.timing,a=(a=~~(adaptImgDocLength/(a.responseEnd-a.connectStart)))&&50>a;else{var c=navigator.connection||navigator.mozConnection||navigator.webkitConnection;"undefined"!==typeof c&& (a=3==c.type||4==c.type||/^[23]g$/.test(c.type))}a&&d("aislow");var e=function(){var a=document.createElement("style");a.type="text/css";a.innerHTML=adaptImgAsyncStyles;var b=document.getElementsByTagName("style")[0];b.parentNode.insertBefore(a,b);window.matchMedia||window.onbeforeprint||beforePrint()};"undefined"!==typeof jQuery?jQuery(function(){jQuery(window).on('load',e)}):f(e)})();/*]]>*/</script>  <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.concurrences.com/en/dictionary/competence" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="fr" href="https://www.concurrences.com/fr/dictionnaire/competence-85895" />   <link rel="schema.DC" href="https://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" /> <link rel="schema.DCTERMS" href="https://purl.org/dc/terms/" /> <meta name="DC.Format" content="text/html" /> <meta name="DC.Type" content="Text" /> <meta name="DC.Language" scheme="rfc1766" content="en" /> <meta name="DC.Title" lang="en" content="Competence " /> <meta name="DC.Description.Abstract" lang="en" content="European competences Mandatory application and decentralisation shift: the contributions of EC Regulation 1/2003 When EC Regulation 1/2003 came into force on 1 May 2004, the application of…" /> <meta name="DC.Date" scheme="DCTERMS.W3CDTF" content="2018-10-17" /> <meta name="DC.created" scheme="WTN8601" content="2018-10-17T00:00:00" /> <meta name="DC.date.created" scheme="WTN8601" content="2018-10-17T00:00:00" /> <meta name="DC.Date.Modified" scheme="DCTERMS.W3CDTF" content="2019-09-18" /> <meta name="DC.Identifier" scheme="URI" content="https://www.concurrences.com/en/dictionary/competence" /> <meta name="DC.Publisher" content="Concurrences" /> <meta name="DC.Source" scheme="URI" content="https://www.concurrences.com" /> <meta name="DC.Creator" content="Commission, European" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Commission, European" /> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="European Commission - DG COMP (Brussels)"/> <meta name="DC.Subject" content="Competence" /> <link rel="icon" type="image/svg+xml" href="https://www.concurrences.com/squelettes/img/logo/favicon/favicon.svg" /> <link rel="icon" type="image/x-icon" sizes="32x32" href="https://www.concurrences.com/local/cache-gd2/38/eb53752304d66f157aaf81b9ef6dd6.ico" /> <link rel="icon" type="image/x-icon" sizes="48x48" href="https://www.concurrences.com/local/cache-gd2/2b/0d54d963c60e773622ff95e0b4c182.ico" /> <link rel="alternate icon" type="image/png" sizes="192x192" href="https://www.concurrences.com/local/cache-gd2/b8/42ed8c8a24f31e702c68b2aa6f69ba.png" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://www.concurrences.com/local/cache-gd2/05/6ca8b6d4c932f8e13bf741535dd98e.png" /> <script type="text/javascript"> var _paq = window._paq || []; 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height='18' /></span><span class="menu-glossaire-item-label">Table of contents</span></button></li></ul></div> <header class="section section_primary section_cols section_cartouche"> <div class="section__container"> <div class="cartouche cartouche_glossaire"> <h1 class="cartouche__heading" id="start"> <span class="start-mire"></span> <span class="crayon article-titre-85894 ">Competence </span> </h1> </div> </div> </header> <section class="section section_primary section_cols section_author scrollable-anchor"> <div class="section__container"> <div class="section__main"> <h2 class="section__heading" id="institution"> <span>Institution Definition</span> </h2> <div class="section__content"> <div class="crayon article-texte-85894 texte surlignable"><p><strong>European competences<br class='autobr' /> </strong></p> <p><i> <strong>Mandatory application and decentralisation shift: the contributions of EC Regulation 1/2003</strong> </i></p> <p>When EC Regulation 1/2003 came into force on 1 May 2004, the application of European law by national competition authorities (NCAs), optional until then, became compulsory. When the [NCAs apply] national law to matters of anticompetitive agreements and dominant positions, European law must also be applied if the practices affect trade between Member States. The application of European law in matters of anticompetitive practices was decentralised so as to improve the efficiency of competition policy. Agreements between companies, formerly subject to a prior-scheme of clearance to be delivered by the European Commission, can now only be contested by way of legal exception before national courts. The objective of this reform is to allow the Commission to focus on larger transactions (or transaction of significant interest for Europe) and to use to a full extent the NCAs’ resources, as they are often best placed to assess the context in which the anticompetitive practices are implemented. The Commission’s monopoly on exemptions was also brought to an end: regarding anticompetitive agreements, national competition authorities may also apply the provisions of §3 of Article 101 TFEU (formerly Article 81 ECT), whereby anticompetitive agreements contributing to economic progress may benefit from an exemption.</p> <p><i> <strong>The [NCA] within the European Competition Network (ECN)<br class='autobr' /> </strong><br class='autobr' /> </i></p> <p>EC Regulation 1/2003 and its implementation texts institutionalise tight cooperation between NCAs and the European Commission. This cooperation is based on the creation of a network of NCAs, steered by the Commission and relying on a wide exchange of information via a secure Intranet platform.<br class='autobr' /> The ECN enables optimal communication between NCAs. It is the foundation stone of the creation and preservation of a common competition culture in Europe and it must maintain both an efficient division of tasks and an efficient and homogenous implementation of European competition rules.<br class='autobr' /> The information exchanged may be used as evidence.<br class='autobr' /> EC Regulation 1/2003 provides NCAs with the possibility to use the information exchanged as evidence, not just as clues. This right is strictly controlled.</p> <p><i> <strong>Sharing of cases within the ECN<br class='autobr' /> </strong> </i></p> <p>A single practice affecting trade between Member States may be pending before several NCAs, either in the context of their ex officio self-referral or following a referral from different or same complainants . The Commission Notice on cooperation within the Network of Competition Authorities (2004/C, 101/03) specifies, among others, that there must be a close link between the infringement and the territory of a Member State for the competition authority of said Member State to deem itself "in the best of positions" to take the case, and that it is preferable that the case be taken by a single NCA. Besides, this Communication Notice lists optional criteria for the sharing of cases should several NCAs be competent to take on the same case. © <strong><abbr class="spip_out" rel="external" title='Dead link'>French Competition Authority</abbr> </strong></p></div> </div> </div> <aside class="section__aside side-col"></aside> </div> </section> <section class="section section_primary section_cols section_references scrollable-anchor"> <div class="section__container"> <div class="section__main"> <section class="subsection subsection_jurisprudence related-section related-jurisprudence scrollable-anchor"> <h2 class="section__heading" id="related-jurisprudence"> <span id="references">Case Comments</span> </h2> <div class="liste articles articles-related"> <div class="liste-items"> <div class='ajaxbloc' data-ajax-env='1yX1QhKtuyjR6DNZRGHanmmG471d8+uqSbKi5sEIbdfHI2uJSL0pJcilijRlEQwaDweXA60vZasdJu13HVpZjGcAaH2ZG/StKQXFJzVHauHyO4GB964DFflS2hoK2WutOkw0LLJM6DYqAbDRoQCaNA6KGTn0f2HYrQGDhbqRr4gDHlrVvS7R55PovcUW8BacNXbQrTqYwuNLv1QyP3pjNcx73IiLsfqy21FTIIq7aqaNU3h7ZUDZ8TTCY121o9lYrH9m/m14AXlthvgjhzwEKePjH93hDvLC/Z3LHvKJcK0dfBdW4AvdJbcZnNWb0is6/Wx8FUTkuPfZEb4+5SxIeil5V6dtKnLB06V/' data-origin="//en/dictionary/competence"> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/alain-ronzano">Alain Ronzano</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-4-2024/alertes/action-for-failure-the-general-court-of-the-european-union-partially-upholds" rel="bookmark"><strong>Action for failure</strong>: The General Court of the European Union partially upholds the action for failure to act brought against the Commission by French, Dutch and United Kingdom fishermen complaining of aid measures granted by the Kingdom of the Netherlands in favour of Dutch beam trawlers practising electric fishing <em>(Laurent Merlin)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-11-12T23:00:00Z">13 November 2024</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-121978 introduction entry-content"> <p>On November 13, 2024, the European Court of First Instance handed down a judgment in case T-141/23 (Laurent Merlin and others v. European Commission). in which it partially upheld an action for failure to act against the Commission concerning state aid measures. <br class='autobr' /> In the case in point, 36 (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/european-court-of-justice">European Court of Justice</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/october-2024/the-eu-court-of-justice-rules-that-economic-operators-from-third-countries" rel="bookmark">The EU Court of Justice rules that economic operators from third countries cannot claim equal treatment in contract procedures without a public procurement contract with the EU <em>(Kolin)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-10-21T22:00:00Z">22 October 2024</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-121142 introduction entry-content"> <p>Economic operators from a third country which has not concluded an international agreement on public procurement with the European Union cannot claim equal treatment in this area* In the absence of an international agreement on public procurement concluded between the European Union and a (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/enzo-marasa">Enzo Marasà</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/giulio-novellini">Giulio Novellini</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/october-2024/the-eu-court-of-justice-affirms-a-competitor-s-legal-standing-to-challenge-gdpr" rel="bookmark">The EU Court of Justice confirms the ability of a competitor to challenge GDPR violations as unfair competition <em>(Lindenapotheke)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-10-03T22:00:00Z">4 October 2024</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-121370 introduction entry-content"> <p>CJEU ruling: Competitors granted legal standing to challenge GDPR violations as unfair competition * <br class='autobr' /> In October 2024, the Grand Chamber of the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) issued a judgement affirming the legal standing of a competitor seeking to have a civil court find a (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/michael-van-den-poel">Michaël Van den Poel</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/latest/the-eu-court-of-justice-affirms-a-competitor-s-legal-standing-to-challenge-gdpr" rel="bookmark">The EU Court of Justice affirms a competitor’s legal standing to challenge GDPR violations as unfair competition <em>(Lindenapotheke)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-10-03T22:00:00Z">4 October 2024</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-121933 introduction entry-content"> <p>Case C-21/23 Lindenapotheke – Competitors can enforce GDPR-based unfair commercial practices, and a broadening concept of health and sensitive data* <br class='autobr' /> Case 21/23 Lindenapotheke builds on an extensive catalogue of data protection case law, frequently citing prior rulings in Case C-319/20 Meta (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/alain-ronzano">Alain Ronzano</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-4-2024/alertes/competence-the-general-court-of-the-european-union-dismisses-all-appeals" rel="bookmark"><strong>Competence</strong>: The General Court of the European Union dismisses all appeals against the decision sanctioning two companies for their participation in a cartel concerning cans and metal closures in Germany, clarifies the time limit and the division of powers between the Commission and the NCAs in the context of the reallocation of a case, and rejects the Commission’s request for an increase in the fine <em>(Crown ; Silgan)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-10-01T22:00:00Z">2 October 2024</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-120839 introduction entry-content"> <p>On October 2, 2024, the General Court of the European Union handed down a judgment in cases T-589/22 (Silgan Holdings e.a. v. European Commission) and T-587/22 (Crown Holdings and Crown Cork & Seal Deutschland v. European Commission)in which it dismissed the action for annulment of the (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/arian-birth">Arian Birth</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/steve-ross">Steve Ross</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/richard-burton">Richard Burton</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/october-2024/the-eu-general-court-dismisses-claims-that-the-commission-lacked-competence-to" rel="bookmark">The EU General Court dismisses claims that the Commission lacked competence to adopt a settlement decision for cartelisation in the metal packing industry by re-allocating the procedure to the Commission from the German Competition Authority <em>(Crown / Silgan)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-10-01T22:00:00Z">2 October 2024</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-121820 introduction entry-content"> <p>On 2 October 2024, the General Court dismissed the actions for annulment brought by Crown Holdings (“Crown”) and Silgan Holdings (“Silgan”) (the “Applicants”) against a settlement decision adopted by the European Commission (“Commission”), which found that they had illegally exchanged sensitive (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/daniel-gilman-42097">Daniel Gilman</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/september-2024/the-us-ftc-endorses-a-proposed-rule-from-the-department-of-agriculture" rel="bookmark">The US FTC endorses a proposed rule from the Department of Agriculture clarifying unfair competition under the Packers and Stockyards Act notwithstanding an explicit carveout of the FTC’s jurisdiction</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-09-10T22:00:00Z">11 September 2024</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-120736 introduction entry-content"> <p>Antitrust at the Agencies: The Meat of the Matter Edition* <br class='autobr' /> The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) issued comments Sept. 11 in support of a proposed U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) rule that “seeks to clarify the scope of what constitutes unfair practices under the Packers and Stockyards Act (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/alain-ronzano">Alain Ronzano</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-3-2024/alertes/killer-acquisitions-the-european-commissioner-for-competition-margrethe" rel="bookmark"><strong>Killer acquisitions</strong>: The European Commissioner for competition Margrethe Vestager draws the lessons from a decision by the Court of Justice of the European Union on referrals to the Commission of mergers below the thresholds and outlines some possible solutions to continue to combat predatory acquisitions (<em>Illumina / Grail</em>)</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-09-05T22:00:00Z">6 September 2024</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-120586 introduction entry-content"> <p>At the 28th Annual Competition Conference of the IBA (International Bar Association), held in Florence on September 6, 2024, Commission Vice-President and Competition Commissioner Margrethe Vestager spoke at length about on thejudgment adopted on September 3, 2024 by the Court of Justice in (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/alain-ronzano">Alain Ronzano</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-3-2024/alertes/cartel-advocate-general-rantos-confirms-the-european-commission-s" rel="bookmark"><strong>Cartel</strong> : Advocate General Rantos confirms the European Commission’s extraterritorial jurisdiction in the air cargo cartel case, calls on the Court to dismiss the actions in all but one of the cases under appeal and to set aside the judgment of the Court of First Instance concerning the reduction of a fine (<em>Airfreight cartel</em>)</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-09-04T22:00:00Z">5 September 2024</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-120599 introduction entry-content"> <p>On September 5, 2024, Advocate General Athanasios Rantos presented his conclusions in Cases C-367/22 (Air Canada v. European Commission), C-369/22 (Air France v. European Commission), C-370/22 (Air France-KLM v. European Commission), C-375/22 (LATAM Airlines Group and Lan Cargo v. European (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/european-court-of-justice">European Court of Justice</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/september-2024/the-eu-court-of-justice-sets-aside-the-judgment-of-the-general-court-and-annuls" rel="bookmark">The EU Court of Justice sets aside the judgment of the General Court and annuls the decisions by which the Commission accepted requests from national competition authorities seeking the examination of a concentration under Art. 22 EUMR <em>(Illumina / Grail)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-09-02T22:00:00Z">3 September 2024</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-120464 introduction entry-content"> <p>Illumina-Grail merger: the Court of Justice sets aside the judgment of the General Court and annuls the decisions by which the Commission accepted requests from national competition authorities seeking the examination of the proposed concentration* <br class='autobr' /> The Commission is not authorised to encourage (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jacques-buhart">Jacques Buhart</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/stephane-dionnet">Stéphane Dionnet</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/axel-schulz">Axel Schulz</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/hendrick-viane">Hendrick Viane</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/september-2024/the-eu-court-of-justice-annuls-the-commission-s-decision-to-accept-requests" rel="bookmark">The EU Court of Justice annuls the Commission’s decision to accept requests from national competition authorities to review a merger under Art. 22 EUMR <em>(Illumina / Grail)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-09-02T22:00:00Z">3 September 2024</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-120491 introduction entry-content"> <p>In a spectacular turn, on September 3, 2024, the Court of Justice (CJEU), constituted as the grand chamber, overturned the ruling of the General Court (GC) and annulled the decision made by the Commission to accept requests from national competition authorities to review the contemplated (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/alain-ronzano">Alain Ronzano</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-3-2024/alertes/referral-the-court-of-justice-of-the-european-union-rules-that-the-commission" rel="bookmark"><strong>Referral</strong>: The Court of Justice of the European Union rules that the Commission cannot accept merger referrals lacking a European dimension from national authorities that are incompetent under their legislation, annuls prior decisions, and calls for legislative reform to address killer acquisitions <em>(Illumina / Grail)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-09-02T22:00:00Z">3 September 2024</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-120492 introduction entry-content"> <p>Thunderclap in Luxembourg!!! <br class='autobr' /> In a judgment handed down on September 3, 2024 in joined cases C-611/22 (Illumina v. European Commission) and C-625/22 (Grail v. European Commission and Illumina), the Court of Justice invalidates the new doctrine on the use of Article 22 of the Merger Regulation (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/tuna-tanik">Tuna Tanik</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/jan-jeram">Jan Jeram</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/paul-van-den-berg">Paul van den Berg</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/alvaro-pliego-selie">Alvaro Pliego Selie</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/gsrsantos19">Gisela Santos</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/laura-onken">Laura Onken</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/kirsty-brown">Kirsty Brown</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/september-2024/the-eu-court-of-justice-overturns-the-general-court-s-judgment-in-a-landmark" rel="bookmark">The EU Court of Justice overturns the General Court’s judgment in a landmark case curtailing the Commission’s power to review non-notifiable mergers under Art. 22 EUMR <em>(Illumina / Grail)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-09-02T22:00:00Z">3 September 2024</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-120518 introduction entry-content"> <p>The European Court of Justice ( ECJ ) has definitively rejected the European Commission’s ( Commission ) novel and broad interpretation of Article 22 of the EU Merger Regulation ( EUMR ), which purported to allow the Commission to review transactions that are not notifiable at either EU or (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/kyriakos-fountoukakos">Kyriakos Fountoukakos</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/peter-rowland">Peter Rowland</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/kristien-geeurickx">Kristien Geeurickx</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/kian-o-connell">Kian O’Connell</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/september-2024/the-eu-court-of-justice-finds-the-commission-s-recent-policy-of-referrals-for" rel="bookmark">The EU Court of Justice finds the Commission’s recent policy of referrals for below-threshold mergers illegal in a landmark case <em>(Illumina / Grail)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-09-02T22:00:00Z">3 September 2024</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-120519 introduction entry-content"> <p>On 3 September 2024 the Court of Justice of the EU (CJEU) set aside the General Court’s ruling in Illumina and Grail’s appeals against the Commission’s decision to take jurisdiction to review their transaction under its revised Article 22 referral policy and annulled the Commission’s decision (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/bernard-amory">Bernard Amory</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/charlotte-breuvart">Charlotte Breuvart</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/eric-barbier-de-la-serre">Eric Barbier de la Serre</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/serge-clerckx-1799">Serge Clerckx</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/kaarli-harry-eichhorn">Kaarli Harry Eichhorn</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/mario-todino">Mario Todino</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/johannes-zottl">Johannes Zöttl</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/september-2024/the-eu-court-of-justice-holds-back-the-expansion-of-antitrust-reviews-to-non" rel="bookmark">The EU Court of Justice holds back the expansion of antitrust reviews to non-reportable transactions <em>(Illumina / Grail)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-09-02T22:00:00Z">3 September 2024</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-120520 introduction entry-content"> <p>In Short <br class='autobr' /> The Situation: To address a perceived enforcement gap, the European Commission ("EC") has issued guidelines expanding the types of non-reportable transactions subject to its "upward referral mechanism," which permits EU National Competition Authorities to refer transactions to the EC (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="pagination more"><a id='pagination_articles_related' class='pagination_ancre'></a> <ul class="pager"> <li class="next"><a href='//en/dictionary/competence?debut_articles_related=15#pagination_articles_related' class='lien_pagination more' rel='next'>More…</a></li> </ul></div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="subsection subsection_articles related-section related-articles scrollable-anchor"> <h2 class="section__heading" id="related-articles"> <span>Articles</span> </h2> <div class="liste articles articles-related"> <div class="liste-items"> <div class='ajaxbloc' data-ajax-env='1yXvQlKtpyjR5D9eXzyzrTYhWe8+ZTK4BhE9sEfuEhc778qlU5TRouLXrPWAXTQGtv8RVHtsjp3mrnYMB6Ls8Rj5LGgB536BJyPQi04DyLcqaxhFh0g2eX0Qky9Bu/HpxBY+bDBQmjgHklc2VSfRSdp6Wz/2f6NXrAlDhWhUCxaeb2fWDCVtGBBSweHN8R7M508fSZJs6BLLAT161E95cfV2AUXhyhQNo6ayDKka/b8vtip6//HQyhTZzwkYZBdq7XfY2KAw2L+wq+fG3QJJh7anlOCP93uG5NI5qebhYY4BN07lrNKbqiqtWnYUf4RqYEFWu1AjOFLC3lZ00xaNnCsBw9DQ' data-origin="//en/dictionary/competence"> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/emmanuel-coulon">Emmanuel Coulon</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-4-2024/legal-practice/new-article-no121004" rel="bookmark">Summer 2024 reforms: A radical overhaul of the Statute of the Court of Justice of the EU and the rules of procedure of the Court of Justice and the General Court</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-10-31T23:00:00Z">November 2024</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-121004 introduction entry-content"> <p>The activation of the General Court’s jurisdiction to give preliminary rulings and the extension of the mechanism for determining whether an appeal is allowed to proceed, provided for by Regulation 2024/2019 of the European Parliament and of the Council, constitute a pivotal stage in the (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/muriel-chagny">Muriel Chagny</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/etienne-chantrel">Étienne Chantrel</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/faustine-viala">Faustine Viala</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-4-2024/conferences/illumina-grail-halting-the-practice-of-article-22-what-comes-next-les-ping" rel="bookmark"><em>Illumina/Grail</em> : Halting the practice of Article 22... What comes next? (Les Ping-pongs de la concurrence, Paris, September 17, 2024)</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-10-31T23:00:00Z">November 2024</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-121945 introduction entry-content"> <p>On 17 September 2024, the first edition of the “Ping-Pong de la Concurrence” event provided an opportunity to discuss the ruling handed down by the Court of Justice on 3 September in the Illumina/Grail case. The Court’s ruling provides essential clarification on the new Article 22 application (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/ulf-oberg">Ulf Öberg</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-3-2024/foreword/a-general-court-in-name-only-119191" rel="bookmark">A <em>‘General’</em> Court in Name Only?</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-08-31T22:00:00Z">September 2024</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-119191 introduction entry-content"> <p>The recent reform of Protocol No. 3 of the Statute of the Court of Justice has renewed the debate on specialization at the General Court. <br class='autobr' /> The purpose and the raison d’être of the General Court are defined in the Council Decision establishing a Court of First Instance (Council Decision (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/philippe-emmanuel-partsch">Philippe-Emmanuel Partsch</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-3-2024/books/the-5-labours-of-europe" rel="bookmark">The 5 Labours of Europe</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-08-31T22:00:00Z">September 2024</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-119007 introduction entry-content"> <p>It’s a paradox that makes you smile. Europe, the nymph carried off by Zeus incarnate as a white bull, means “wide-eyed”. And yet, we are so short-sighted when it comes to European integration! On the one hand, we underestimate what it brings us in terms of lower costs. On the other, we do not (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/rafael-amaro">Rafael Amaro</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/malik-idri">Malik Idri</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/bastien-thomas">Bastien Thomas</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-1-2024/legal-practice/litigation-for-compensation-for-anti-competitive-practices-apr-2023-nov-2023" rel="bookmark">Litigation for compensation for anti-competitive practices (Apr. 2023 - Nov. 2023)</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-02-29T23:00:00Z">March 2024</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-117387 introduction entry-content"> <p>The period covered is almost as full as the previous one in terms of rulings by the Court of Justice of the European Union, the Cour de cassation and the Conseil d’État. Questions relating to damages still dominate the discussions, but we note that limitation has once again been the subject of (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/farouk-er-razki">Farouk Er-razki</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-1-2024/books/private-international-law-and-competition-litigation-in-a-global-context-117339" rel="bookmark">Private International Law and Competition Litigation in a Global Context</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-02-29T23:00:00Z">March 2024</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-117339 introduction entry-content"> <p>This section selects books on themes related to competition laws and economics. This compilation does not attempt to be exhaustive but rather a survey of themes important in the area. The survey usually covers publication over the last three months after publication of the latest issue of (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/antonin-pitras">Antonin Pitras</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-3-2023/books/competition-damages-actions-in-the-eu-and-the-uk-law-and-practice-ashton-david-113810" rel="bookmark">Competition Damages Actions in the EU and the UK: Law and Practice, ASHTON David</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2023-08-31T22:00:00Z">September 2023</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-113810 introduction entry-content"> <p>This section selects books on themes related to competition laws and economics. This compilation does not attempt to be exhaustive but rather a survey of themes important in the area. The survey usually covers publication over the last three months after publication of the latest issue of (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/eshien-chong">Eshien Chong</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/helene-bourguignon">Hélène Bourguignon</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-3-2023/interview/eshien-chong-professional-economists-in-the-world-of-competition-policy" rel="bookmark">Eshien Chong (French Competition Authority): Professional economists in the world of competition policy</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2023-08-31T22:00:00Z">September 2023</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-113630 introduction entry-content"> <p>Interview conducted by Hélène Bourguignon, Partner, Oxera, Paris. <br class='autobr' /> ********** <br class='autobr' /> I. Course <br class='autobr' /> Dear Eshien, you’re no stranger to the Paris marketplace, but can we start by briefly recounting your career path up to the position of Chief Economist at the French Competition Authority, which you’ve (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/johanne-peyre">Johanne Peyre</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/michal-s-gal">Michal Gal</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-2-2023/interview/johanne-peyre-the-challenges-of-a-small-young-jurisdiction-in-applying" rel="bookmark">Johanne Peyre (French Polynesian Competition Authority) : The challenges of a small, young jurisdiction in applying competition law</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2023-04-30T22:00:00Z">May 2023</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-112585 introduction entry-content"> <p>Interview conducted by Michal S. Gal, Professor, University of Haifa. <br class='autobr' /> With a small population of 300,000, which is scattered over more than 100 islands in the southern Pacific Ocean, and relatively high barriers to external trade, French Polynesia is the archetype of a small economy. Such (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/douglas-h-ginsburg">Douglas H. Ginsburg</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-2-2023/books/judicial-review-of-competition-cases-eicke-tim-ginsburg-douglas-h-eds" rel="bookmark">Judicial Review of Competition Cases, EICKE Tim and GINSBURG Douglas H. (eds.)</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2023-04-30T22:00:00Z">May 2023</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-112593 introduction entry-content"> <p>This section selects books on themes related to competition laws and economics. This compilation does not attempt to be exhaustive but rather a survey of themes important in the area. The survey usually covers publication over the last three months after publication of the latest issue of (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/wouter-wils">Wouter Wils</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-4-2022/articles/regulation-1-2003-an-assessment-after-twenty-years" rel="bookmark">Regulation 1/2003: An Assessment After Twenty Years</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2022-10-31T23:00:00Z">November 2022</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-111353 introduction entry-content"> <p>Regulation 1/2003 brought about a radical change in the way in which the EU antitrust prohibitions contained in Articles 101 and 102 TFEU are enforced. The previous enforcement regime, under Regulation 17, which dated from 1962, was characterised by a centralised notification and authorisation (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/bernard-horowitz">Bernard Horowitz</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-1-2023/articles/foreign-economic-collection-cfius-regulation-eu-2019-452-and-the-circuitous-111265" rel="bookmark">Foreign economic collection, CFIUS, Regulation (EU) 2019/452, and the circuitous journey towards EU-wide foreign direct investment screening</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2023-01-31T23:00:00Z">February 2023</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-111265 introduction entry-content"> <p>Bernard Horowitz is a Law Clerk for Senior Judge Mary Ellen Coster Williams of the United States Court of Federal Claims. This article does not reflect the views of the Court of Federal Claims or Judge Williams, and was written solely in the author’s personal capacity and not as part of his (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteur/daniele-gallo">Daniele Gallo</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-3-2022/books/public-services-and-eu-competition-law-the-social-market-economy-in-action" rel="bookmark">Public Services and EU Competition Law: The Social Market Economy in Action, Daniele GALLO</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2022-08-31T22:00:00Z">September 2022</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-114898 introduction entry-content"> <p>This section selects books on themes related to competition laws and economics. This compilation does not attempt to be exhaustive but rather a survey of themes important in the area. The survey usually covers publication over the last three months after publication of the latest issue of (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-claude-bonichot">Jean-Claude Bonichot</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/francis-donnat">Francis Donnat</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-3-2022/interview/jean-claude-bonichot-the-cjeu-participating-effectively-in-the-construction-of" rel="bookmark">Jean-Claude Bonichot (CJEU): Participating effectively in the construction of Europe</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2022-08-31T22:00:00Z">September 2022</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-107276 introduction entry-content"> <p>Interview conducted by Francis Donnat, Partner at Baker Mckenzie in Paris. <br class='autobr' /> ********** <br class='autobr' /> I. The Court of Justice <br class='autobr' /> Can you briefly describe the role of a judge at the Court of Justice of the European Union and, in a few figures, what is the level of activity of the Court? <br class='autobr' /> The Court of Justice (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/stephane-retterer">Stephane Retterer</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-3-2022/international/the-polynesian-competition-authority-awaiting-to-take-off" rel="bookmark">The Polynesian Competition Authority: Awaiting to take off</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2022-08-31T22:00:00Z">September 2022</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-107324 introduction entry-content"> <p>After six years of activity, despite the arrival of its new president, the Polynesian Competition Authority (PCA) is still struggling to fully take off. This article reviews some of the texts, decisions and opinions that have marked Polynesian competition law between 2020 and 2022. <br class='autobr' /> 1. An (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="pagination more"><ul class="pager"> <li class="next"><a href='//en/dictionary/competence?debut_articles_related=15#pagination_articles_related' class='lien_pagination more' rel='next'>More…</a></li> </ul></div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="subsection related-section related-articles scrollable-anchor"> <h2 class="section__heading" id="related-events"> <span>Events</span> </h2> <div class="liste articles articles-related"> <div class="liste-items"> <div class='ajaxbloc' data-ajax-env='1yXTRhW9u6jRg7ds3nsU3lwaXjSiO0/vJyzGh+KC0b4TbL3RRfkQ79m6WGUaa2MjPctSrxXh0KUqZlDbMW7Jd+pAYHd5wfgG149OSJZ638J/C7M5U7XX9CU2fnydvb6O73V+PT6ZOP3C7cvi637WpP5rwsRhKndLjr/85tEvoo5TMMDwb1RqcSZkjQb78EKbG65Z0SQsinjoR+25FP6k4tEP7mIS6sAYHe5bz5vRHXM92WQMrg51Zxmusi+jBvfaUOPKUo17mlFY1L2Uolq8eRc6cHQLhNmO6Ww8llL+mibwIHigd9dLoBtXvnQTwQnEXzbJY4G+3GpY8tg6bjwoOyuUC4tkebo=' data-origin="//en/dictionary/competence"> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/frederic-jenny">Frédéric Jenny</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/rod-sims">Rod Sims</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/iskandar-ismail">Iskandar Ismail</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/sia-aik-kor-111731">Aik Kor Sia</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/ruth-chen">Ruth Chen</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/adelaide-luke">Adelaide Luke</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/events/antitrust-in-asia-2-institutional-design-should-competition-law-be-enforced-by" rel="bookmark">Antitrust in Asia #2 Institutional Design: Should Competition Law be Enforced by Sectoral Regulators?</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2021-09-14T08:30:00Z">14 September 2021</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-100357 introduction entry-content"><p>2nd Webinar of the 7th annual « Antitrust in Asia » Conference organised by Concurrences, in partnership with Facebook and Herbert Smith Freehills with <a href="en/auteurs/ruth-chen" class="spip_in">Ruth Chen</a> (Associate General Counsel, Competition & Regulatory, Facebook), <a href="en/authors/iskandar-ismail" class="spip_in">Iskandar Ismail</a> (Chief Executive Officer, Malaysia Competition Commission), <a href="en/authors/frederic-jenny" class="spip_in">Frédéric Jenny</a> (Chairman, OECD Competition Committee | Professor, Co-Director, CEDE, ESSEC), <a href="en/auteurs/adelaide-luke" class="spip_in">Adelaide Luke</a> (Partner, Head of Competition - Asia, Herbert Smith Freehills), <a href="en/authors/sia-aik-kor-111731" class="spip_in">Aik Kor Sia</a> (Chief Executive, Competition and Consumer Commission of Singapore) and <a href="en/authors/rod-sims" class="spip_in">Rod Sims</a> (Chairman, Australian Competition & Consumer Commission).</p></div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/dirk-van-erps">Dirk Van Erps</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/sophie-bresny">Sophie Bresny</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/laurence-idot">Laurence Idot</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/nathalie-jalabert-doury">Nathalie Jalabert-Doury</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/georgios-gryllos">Georgios Gryllos</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/events/competition-investigations-2-successive-and-continued-inspections" rel="bookmark">Competition Investigations #2 Successive and continued inspections</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2021-03-05T10:30:00Z">5 March 2021</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-98894 introduction entry-content"><p>2nd Webinar of the 5th « Competition Investigations » Conference organised by Concurrences, in partnership with Mayer Brown, with <a href="en/authors/sophie-bresny" class="spip_in">Sophie Bresny</a> (<i>Chef du service investigations</i>, Autorité de la concurrence), <a href="en/authors/georgios-gryllos" class="spip_in">Georgios Gryllos</a> (Legal Secretary, General Court of the European Union), <a href="en/authors/laurence-idot" class="spip_in">Laurence Idot</a> (Emeritus Professor, University Paris II Panthéon‑Assas), <a href="en/authors/nathalie-jalabert-doury" class="spip_in">Nathalie Jalabert-Doury</a> (Partner, Mayer Brown) and <a href="en/authors/dirk-van-erps" class="spip_in">Dirk Van Erps</a> (Adviser to the Deputy Director-General for Antitrust and Cartels, DG COMP).</p></div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/olivera-boskovic">Olivera Boskovic</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/laurence-idot">Laurence Idot</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/maciej-szpunar">Maciej Szpunar</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/wolfgang-wurmnest">Wolfgang Wurmnest</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jacqueline-riffault-silk">Jacqueline Riffault-Silk</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/events/private-enforcement-2-international-jurisdiction-en" rel="bookmark">Private Enforcement #2 International jurisdiction</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2020-06-18T13:30:00Z">18 June 2020</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-95052 introduction entry-content"><p>2nd Webinar of the « 5th Private Enforcement Conference » organised by Concurrences, with <a href="en/auteurs/olivera-boskovic" class="spip_in">Olivera Boskovic</a> (Professor, University Paris Descartes), <a href="en/authors/laurence-idot" class="spip_in">Laurence Idot</a> (Emeritus professor, University Paris II Panthéon-Assas), <a href="en/authors/jacqueline-riffault-silk" class="spip_in">Jacqueline Riffault-Silk</a> (Commercial Court honorary dean, Cour de cassation), <a href="en/auteurs/maciej-szpunar" class="spip_in">Maciej Szpunar</a> (Advocate-General, CJEU) and <a href="en/auteurs/wolfgang-wurmnest" class="spip_in">Wolfgang Wurmnest</a> (Professor, University of Augsburg).</p></div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/olivier-freget">Olivier Fréget</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/david-bosco">David Bosco</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/gabriel-lluch">Gabriel Lluch</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/stanislas-martin">Stanislas Martin</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/laurent-godfroid">Laurent Godfroid</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/francesco-martucci">Francesco Martucci</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/emmanuel-glaser-970">Emmanuel Glaser</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/abel-henri-pleinevert">Abel-Henri Pleinevert</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/events/competition-and-regulation-how-to-coordinate-the-interventions-of-competition" rel="bookmark">Competition and regulation: How to coordinate the interventions of competition authorities and sectoral regulators?</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2019-11-14T07:30:00Z">14 November 2019</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-91151 introduction entry-content"><p>Conference organised by Concurrences, in partnership with Fréget & Associés and Cercle Montesquieu.</p></div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteur/Miguel-de-la-Mano">Miguel De La Mano</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/nicolas-petit">Nicolas Petit</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/pascale-dechamps">Pascale Déchamps</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteur/trevor-soames">Trevor Soames</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/events/the-eu-commission-s-dominance-guidance-towards-a-review-or-abandonment-83060" rel="bookmark">The EU Commission’s Dominance Guidance : Towards a review or abandonment?</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2016-06-22T10:00:00Z">22 June 2016</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-83060 introduction entry-content"><p>Law & Economics Workshop organised by Concurrences Review in partnership with Compass Lexecon, Shearman & Sterling, Brussels and Oxera, Brussels/Paris.</p></div> </article></div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="subsection subsections_books related-section related-articles scrollable-anchor"> <h2 class="section__heading" id="related-books"> <span>Books</span> </h2> <div class="liste articles articles-related"> <div class="liste-items"> <div class='ajaxbloc' data-ajax-env='1yXTRhW9u6jRg7dstiA/CNeyOV08Pverh/3w7tAimN9P4Q/06cTAbperx2MIRVqjd8snjRP83j72gy1mrnvV0lEEXZiXs5SjnngPZc09Vy6KIZPHtGzEN2dpjCtv+XbphC4fKGZt+D3cMTAyoF6BkCo8lmF7ndO6wIbtzbE8F54JGL+5GRANyYtve83W8AaczUM+LTqQ4udCWr++HssPZLibHsNiHhDRyzqQOcsQ6+fXCBRrSch2obccokCtNmpfgNq+GWtWmS/SIUHWsiCm3vXkg9dNBzDVgN0D/YISZeWNUKoYuod6NuOZIrzfBSadCDBcFX3kPQ+XyL/Zh7vOe7jOJhK81oBqRQ==' data-origin="//en/dictionary/competence"> <div class='item short'>  <article class="entry article article-doc-livre hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/peter-alexiadis">Peter Alexiadis</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/livre/ian-forrester-a-scot-without-borders-liber-amicorum-vol-ii-29#id=43198" rel="bookmark">Ian Forrester - A Scot Without Borders Liber Amicorum Vol. II <small><strong> Part IV - Competition Law</strong> <br/>Merger control in regulated sectors: a bridge too far?</small></a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2015-11-30T23:00:00Z"><span class="dm"><span class="d">1 </span><span class="m">Dec</span></span><span class="y"> 2015</span></time></p> <div class="introduction entry-content">1Ian S. Forrester | A Scot without Borders - Liber Amicorum - Volume II Part IV Competition Law 3Ian S. Forrester | A Scot without Borders - Liber Amicorum - Volume II Merger control in regulated sectors: a bridge too far? PETER ALEXIADIS * I.Introduction The introduction of European Union (…)</div> </article> </div> <div class='item short'>  <article class="entry article article-doc-livre hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/patrick-hugg">Patrick Hugg</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/livre/ian-forrester-a-scot-without-borders-liber-amicorum-vol-i#id=43734" rel="bookmark">Ian Forrester - A Scot Without Borders Liber Amicorum Vol. I <small>Evolving constitutional pluralism in Europe: the judicial conversation advances?</small></a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2015-09-22T22:00:00Z"><span class="dm"><span class="d">23 </span><span class="m">Sep</span></span><span class="y"> 2015</span></time></p> <div class="introduction entry-content">97Ian S. Forrester | A Scot without Borders - Liber Amicorum - Volume I Evolving constitutional pluralism in Europe: the judicial conversation advances? PATRICK R. HUGG ‘The dialogue between the two courts is henceforth entering a new phase.' I.Introduction Legal actors in Europe today, and in (…)</div> </article> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> <aside class="section__aside side-col"> <div class="miniplan miniplan_related sticky-top" id="related-index"> <ul class="nav nav-list"> <li><a href="//en/dictionary/competence#related-jurisprudence" data-target="#related-jurisprudence">Case Comments</a></li> <li><a href="//en/dictionary/competence#related-articles" data-target="#related-articles">Articles</a></li> <li><a href="//en/dictionary/competence#related-events" data-target="#related-events">Events</a></li> <li><a href="//en/dictionary/competence#related-books" data-target="#related-books">Books</a></li> </ul> </div> </aside> </div> </section> <div class="index-overlay collapse" id="index"> <span class="arrow-top"></span> <button class="close">×</button> <div class="glossaire-index"> <div class="main"> <div class="index"> <a class="lettre" href="//en/dictionary/competence#a" data-anchor="#a">a</a> <a 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class="lettre" href="//en/dictionary/competence#o" data-anchor="#o">o</a> <a class="lettre" href="//en/dictionary/competence#p" data-anchor="#p">p</a> <a class="lettre" href="//en/dictionary/competence#r" data-anchor="#r">r</a> <a class="lettre" href="//en/dictionary/competence#s" data-anchor="#s">s</a> <a class="lettre" href="//en/dictionary/competence#t" data-anchor="#t">t</a> <a class="lettre" href="//en/dictionary/competence#u" data-anchor="#u">u</a> <a class="lettre" href="//en/dictionary/competence#v" data-anchor="#v">v</a> <a class="lettre" href="//en/dictionary/competence#w" data-anchor="#w">w</a> </div> </div> <div class="row entree" id="a"> <div class="col-xs-2 col-sm-1"> <h2 class="lettre">a</h2> </div> <div class="col-xs-10 col-sm-11"> <div class="articles"> <a href="en/dictionary/absolute-territorial-protection">Absolute territorial protection </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/abuse-of-dominant-position-en">Abuse of dominant position</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/abuse-of-economic-dependence">Abuse of economic dependence</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/access-to-the-file-en">Access to the file</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/actual-competitor">Actual competitor </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/administered-prices">Administered prices</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/advisory-committee-118302">Advisory committee</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/agent-en">Agent</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/agreement-notion-en">Agreement (notion)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/ai-collusion-algorithm">AI Collusion (Algorithm)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/AKZO-Procedure">AKZO Procedure </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/amicus-curiae">Amicus curiae</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/ancillary-restraints">Ancillary restraints </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/annulment">Annulment</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/anticompetitive-market-distortions">Anticompetitive Market Distortions</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/anticompetitive-object-or-effect-en">Anticompetitive object or effect</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/anticompetitive-practices">Anticompetitive practices</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/Antitrust">Antitrust</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/applicable-law">Applicable law</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/arbitration">Arbitration</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/article-11-letter">Article 11 letter </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/artificial-intelligence">Artificial Intelligence </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/aec-as-efficient-competitor-principle-and-test">As-Efficient Competitor (AEC)</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row entree" id="b"> <div class="col-xs-2 col-sm-1"> <h2 class="lettre">b</h2> </div> <div class="col-xs-10 col-sm-11"> <div class="articles"> <a href="en/dictionary/barriers-to-entry-en">Barriers to entry</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/bertrand-nash-equilibrium">Bertrand (Nash) equilibrium</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/bid-rigging">Bid rigging</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/block-exemption-regulation">Block exemption (Regulation) </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/boycott">Boycott</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/brand-competition-en">Brand competition</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/bundling">Bundling</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/burden-of-proof">Burden of proof</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/buyer-power">Buyer power </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row entree" id="c"> <div class="col-xs-2 col-sm-1"> <h2 class="lettre">c</h2> </div> <div class="col-xs-10 col-sm-11"> <div class="articles"> <a href="en/dictionary/cartel">Cartel </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/clearance-phase-ii-merger">Clearance phase II (merger)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/collecting-society">Collecting society </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/collective-dominance">Collective dominance</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/collective-redress-class-action">Collective redress (class action)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/comity">Comity </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/commission-communication">Commission communication</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/competence">Competence </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/competition-policy-89181">Competition policy</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/complaint">Complaint </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/Compliance-programme">Compliance programme </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/compulsory-license">Compulsory license</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/concentration-indexes-en">Concentration indexes</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/concerted-practices-en">Concerted practices</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/concession-86056">Concession</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/concurrent-jurisdiction">Concurrent jurisdiction</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/Consortium-12192">Consortium </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/consumer-protection">Consumer protection</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/consumers-associations-en">Consumers’ associations</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/control-change">Control (change)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/control-notion">Control (notion)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/cooperation-between-competition-authorities-en">Cooperation between competition authorities</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/coordinated-effects">Coordinated effects</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/copyright">Copyright</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/corruption">Corruption</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/cost-based-access">Cost-based access</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/cournot-nash-equilibrium">Cournot (Nash) equilibrium</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/criminal-sanctions">Criminal sanctions</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/cross-subsidisation">Cross subsidisation </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row entree" id="d"> <div class="col-xs-2 col-sm-1"> <h2 class="lettre">d</h2> </div> <div class="col-xs-10 col-sm-11"> <div class="articles"> <a href="en/dictionary/damages">Damages</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/de-minimis-notice">De minimis notice</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/digital-markets-act">Digital Markets Act</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/direct-effect">Direct effect</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/discriminatory-practices">Discriminatory practices</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/distribution-agreement">Distribution agreement</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/divestiture">Divestiture</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/dominance-notion">Dominance (notion)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/downstream-market-117440">Downstream market</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row entree" id="e"> <div class="col-xs-2 col-sm-1"> <h2 class="lettre">e</h2> </div> <div class="col-xs-10 col-sm-11"> <div class="articles"> <a href="en/dictionary/echr">ECHR</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/economic-analysis">Economic analysis</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/economic-efficiency">Economic efficiency</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/economies-of-scale">Economies of scale </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/ecosystem-failures">Ecosystem Failures</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/effect-on-trade-between-member-states">Effect on trade between Member States</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/effective-judicial-protection">Effective judicial protection</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/effects-doctrine-118100">Effects doctrine</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/efta-surveillance-authority-esa-court">EFTA Surveillance Authority (ESA) & Court </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/environmental-protection-en">Environmental protection</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/error-costs-108946">Error costs</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/essential-facility">Essential facility</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/european-competition-network-ecn-en">European Competition Network (ECN)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/excessive-prices-en">Excessive prices</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/exchange-of-information">Exchanges of information</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/exclusionary-practice">Exclusionary practice </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/Exclusive-distribution-12218">Exclusive distribution </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/exclusive-purchasing-en">Exclusive purchasing agreement</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/exclusive-right-art-106-tfeu">Exclusive right (Art. 106 TFEU)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/exclusivity-clause">Exclusivity clause</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/Exhaustion">Exhaustion </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/Extra-territoriality">Extra-territoriality</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row entree" id="f"> <div class="col-xs-2 col-sm-1"> <h2 class="lettre">f</h2> </div> <div class="col-xs-10 col-sm-11"> <div class="articles"> <a href="en/dictionary/Failing-firm-defence">Failing firm defence</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/fidelity-rebates">Fidelity rebates</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/Fine">Fine</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/fintech">Fintech</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/foreclosure-117887">Foreclosure</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/foreign-direct-investment-fdi">Foreign direct investment (FDI)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/foreign-subsidies">Foreign Subsidies</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/form-co">Form CO (EU) </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/frand">FRAND</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/Free-riding">Free riding </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row entree" id="g"> <div class="col-xs-2 col-sm-1"> <h2 class="lettre">g</h2> </div> <div class="col-xs-10 col-sm-11"> <div class="articles"> <a href="en/dictionary/geographic-market">Geographic market</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/corporate-group">Group of undertakings</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/group-purchasing-organization">Group purchasing organization</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/guidelines-119080">Guidelines</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/gun-jumping">Gun jumping</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row entree" id="h"> <div class="col-xs-2 col-sm-1"> <h2 class="lettre">h</h2> </div> <div class="col-xs-10 col-sm-11"> <div class="articles"> <a href="en/dictionary/hard-core-restrictions">Hard core restrictions</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/Hearing-officer">Hearing officer </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/horizontal-agreement">Horizontal cooperation agreement</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/hsr-filing-us-108854">HSR Filing (US)</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row entree" id="i"> <div class="col-xs-2 col-sm-1"> <h2 class="lettre">i</h2> </div> <div class="col-xs-10 col-sm-11"> <div class="articles"> <a href="en/dictionary/independence-and-impartiality">Independence and impartiality</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/individual-exemption-86377">Individual exemption</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/industrial-policy">Industrial policy</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/intellectual-property-right-en">Intellectual property right</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/inter-brand-competition">Inter-brand competition </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/Interim-measures">Interim measures </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/international-co-operation">International co-operation </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/international-competition-network-icn">International competition network (ICN) </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/investigations-inquiries-en">Investigations / inquiries</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row entree" id="j"> <div class="col-xs-2 col-sm-1"> <h2 class="lettre">j</h2> </div> <div class="col-xs-10 col-sm-11"> <div class="articles"> <a href="en/dictionary/judicial-review">Judicial review</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row entree" id="k"> <div class="col-xs-2 col-sm-1"> <h2 class="lettre">k</h2> </div> <div class="col-xs-10 col-sm-11"> <div class="articles"> <a href="en/dictionary/Know-how">Know-how </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row entree" id="l"> <div class="col-xs-2 col-sm-1"> <h2 class="lettre">l</h2> </div> <div class="col-xs-10 col-sm-11"> <div class="articles"> <a href="en/dictionary/legal-privilege">Legal privilege</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/Leniency-programme">Leniency</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/lerner-index">Lerner index</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/letter-of-formal-notice-118055">Letter of formal notice </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/licensing">Licensing</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/limitation-period-119083">Limitation Period </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row entree" id="m"> <div class="col-xs-2 col-sm-1"> <h2 class="lettre">m</h2> </div> <div class="col-xs-10 col-sm-11"> <div class="articles"> <a href="en/dictionary/margin-squeeze">Margin squeeze</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/marginal-costs">Marginal costs </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/market-economy-investor">Market economy investor</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/market-power">Market power</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/market-share">Market share </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/media-pluralism">Media pluralism</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/merger-notion-12318-en">Merger (notion)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/merger-prohibition">Merger (prohibition)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/merger-withdrawal-118046">Merger (withdrawal)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/Merger-control-procedure">Merger control procedure </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/merger-remedies-100323">Merger remedies</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/minority-shareholdings-89176">Minority shareholdings</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/misinformation">Misinformation</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/mobility-barriers-117741">Mobility Barriers</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/Monopoly">Monopoly </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row entree" id="n"> <div class="col-xs-2 col-sm-1"> <h2 class="lettre">n</h2> </div> <div class="col-xs-10 col-sm-11"> <div class="articles"> <a href="en/dictionary/ne-bis-in-idem-86490">Ne bis in idem</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/negative-clearance-118047">Negative clearance</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/Network-effect">Network effect </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/non-compete-obligation-12156-en">Non-compete obligation </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/non-horizontal-mergers">Non-Horizontal Mergers </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/notification-12310">Notification</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/nullity">Nullity </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row entree" id="o"> <div class="col-xs-2 col-sm-1"> <h2 class="lettre">o</h2> </div> <div class="col-xs-10 col-sm-11"> <div class="articles"> <a href="en/dictionary/oligopoly">Oligopoly </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/online-platforms">Online Platforms</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row entree" id="p"> <div class="col-xs-2 col-sm-1"> <h2 class="lettre">p</h2> </div> <div class="col-xs-10 col-sm-11"> <div class="articles"> <a href="en/dictionary/parallel-imports-parallel-trade-en">Parallel imports (parallel trade)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/passing-on-en">Passing-on</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/Passive-sales">Passive sales </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/patents">Patents</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/pay-for-delay">Pay-for-delay</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/periodic-penalty-payment">Periodic penalty payment</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/potential-competition">Potential competition </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/predatory-pricing">Predatory pricing</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/preliminary-rulings-art-267-tfue">Preliminary ruling (Art. 267 TFUE) </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/price-discrimination-en">Price discrimination </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/price-leadership">Price leadership</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/price-signaling">Price signalling</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/price-fixing-agreement">Price-fixing agreement</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/prices-en">Prices</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/principle-of-equal-treatment">Principle of equal treatment</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/principle-of-equivalence">Principle of equivalence</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/principle-of-proportionality">Principle of proportionality</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/privacy-and-data-protection">Privacy and data protection</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/private-enforcement">Private enforcement</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/privatization-en">Privatization</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/procedural-autonomy">Procedural autonomy</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/professional-association-86373-en">Professional association</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/public-procurement">Public procurement</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/Public-undertaking">Public undertaking</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row entree" id="r"> <div class="col-xs-2 col-sm-1"> <h2 class="lettre">r</h2> </div> <div class="col-xs-10 col-sm-11"> <div class="articles"> <a href="en/dictionary/r-d-agreement">R&D agreement</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/case-referral-system-mergers">Referral (merger)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/refusal-to-deal">Refusal to deal</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/the-registry-of-the-general-court-of-the-european-union">Registry of the General Court of the European Union</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/Relevant-market">Relevant market</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/remedies-antitrust-en">Remedies (antitrust)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/request-for-information">Request for information</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/resale-below-cost-en">Resale below cost </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/resale-price-maintenance-rpm">Resale price maintenance (RPM)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/restriction-on-exportation">Restriction on exportation </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/rule-of-reason">Rule of reason</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row entree" id="s"> <div class="col-xs-2 col-sm-1"> <h2 class="lettre">s</h2> </div> <div class="col-xs-10 col-sm-11"> <div class="articles"> <a href="en/dictionary/sunk-costs-117836"> Sunk Costs </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/sector-inquiry">Sector inquiry</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/selective-distribution">Selective distribution </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/self-preference-111802">Self-Preference</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/Services-of-general-economic">Services of general economic interest </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/Single-branding">Single branding </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/sole-control">Sole control</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/specialization-agreements">Specialization agreements </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/Spill-over-effects">Spill-over effects </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/standard-essential-patent-sep">Standard-Essential Patent (SEP)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/state-action-defense">State action defence</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/state-aid-compatibility">State aid (compatibility)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/state-aid-existing-aid">State aid (existing aid) </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/state-aid-notification-en">State aid (notification)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/state-aid">State aid (notion)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/state-aid-recovery">State aid (recovery) </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/state-aid-unlawful-aid">State aid (unlawful aid) </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/State-measure">State measure </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/Statement-of-objections-SO">Statement of objections (SO) </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/Substitutability">Substitutability </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/sustainability">Sustainability</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/switching-costs">Switching Costs</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row entree" id="t"> <div class="col-xs-2 col-sm-1"> <h2 class="lettre">t</h2> </div> <div class="col-xs-10 col-sm-11"> <div class="articles"> <a href="en/dictionary/technology-transfer">Technology transfer</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/test-siec-merger-en">Test SIEC (merger)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/merger-slc-src-sdc-tests">Test SLC (merger)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/tipping">Tipping</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/business-secrets">Trade Secrets</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/trademark">Trademark</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/trustee-mergers-en">Trustee (mergers)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/turnover-threshold-merger">Turnover threshold (merger)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/two-sided-market">Two-sided market</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row entree" id="u"> <div class="col-xs-2 col-sm-1"> <h2 class="lettre">u</h2> </div> <div class="col-xs-10 col-sm-11"> <div class="articles"> <a href="en/dictionary/undertaking-notion">Undertaking (notion)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/unfair-competition">Unfair competition</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/universal-service-118054">Universal Service</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/upstream-market">Upstream market </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row entree" id="v"> <div class="col-xs-2 col-sm-1"> <h2 class="lettre">v</h2> </div> <div class="col-xs-10 col-sm-11"> <div class="articles"> <a href="en/dictionary/variable-costs">Variable costs </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/Vertical-agreement">Vertical agreement</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/vertical-restraints-or-restrictions">Vertical restraints (or restrictions)</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row entree" id="w"> <div class="col-xs-2 col-sm-1"> <h2 class="lettre">w</h2> </div> <div class="col-xs-10 col-sm-11"> <div class="articles"> <a href="en/dictionary/White-clause">White clause</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/withdrawal-of-the-benefit-of-a-block-exemption">Withdrawal (of the benefit of a block exemption)</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </article> <script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(function(){ // hack 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