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法国 - 维基百科，自由的百科全书
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href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#p-lang" data-mw="interface" data-event-name="menu.languages" title="语言" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet language-selector"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--language"></span> <span>语言</span> </a></li> <li id="page-actions-watch" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" id="ca-watch" href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-event-name="menu.watch" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet menu__item--page-actions-watch"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--star"></span> <span>监视</span> </a></li> <li id="page-actions-edit" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" id="ca-edit" href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-event-name="menu.edit" data-mw="interface" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet edit-page menu__item--page-actions-edit"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>编辑</span> </a></li> </ul> </nav><!-- version 1.0.2 (change every time you update a partial) --> <div id="mw-content-subtitle"> <span class="mw-redirectedfrom">（重定向自<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B&redirect=no&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="法國">法國</a>）</span> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"> <script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script> <div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"> <section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r85100532">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-size:small}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:2em;margin-bottom:0.8em;margin-top:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img::after{content:"\202f \202f \202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small::after{content:"\202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small{display:none}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> <span class="noviewer hatnote-notice-img" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%B6%88%E6%AD%A7%E4%B9%89?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:消歧义"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/25px-Disambig_gray.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/38px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/50px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="168"></a></span>「<b>法兰西</b>」重定向至此。关于其他含义，请见「<b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E8%A5%BF_(%E6%B6%88%E6%AD%A7%E4%B9%89)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-disambig" title="法兰西 (消歧义)">法兰西 (消歧义)</a></b>」。 </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> <span class="noviewer hatnote-notice-img" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%B6%88%E6%AD%A7%E4%B9%89?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:消歧义"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/25px-Disambig_gray.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/38px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/50px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="168"></a></span>「<b>法兰西共和国</b>」重定向至此。關於历史上其他的法兰西共和国，請見「<b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%98%AD%E8%A5%BF%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B_(%E6%B6%88%E6%AD%A7%E7%BE%A9)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-disambig" title="法蘭西共和國 (消歧義)">法蘭西共和國 (消歧義)</a></b>」。 </div> <div id="noteTA-58c6f712" class="noteTA"> <div class="noteTA-group"> <div data-noteta-group-source="module" data-noteta-group="FR Places"></div> <div data-noteta-group-source="module" data-noteta-group="Unit"></div> <div data-noteta-group-source="template" data-noteta-group="文學"></div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"></p> <p class="mw-empty-elt"></p> <p class="mw-empty-elt"></p> <p class="mw-empty-elt"></p> <p class="mw-empty-elt"></p> <p class="mw-empty-elt"></p> <div data-noteta-group-source="module" data-noteta-group="Aero"></div> <div data-noteta-group-source="module" data-noteta-group="Organization"></div> <div data-noteta-group-source="module" data-noteta-group="政治人物"></div> </div> <div class="noteTA-local"> <div data-noteta-code="zh-cn:万亿; zh-hk:兆; zh-tw:兆;"></div> <div data-noteta-code="zh-cn:经济增长; zh-tw:經濟成長;"></div> <div data-noteta-code="zh-cn:阵风战斗机; zh-hk:陣風戰鬥機; zh-tw:疾風戰鬥機;"></div> <div data-noteta-code="zh-cn:基点; zh-hk:基點; zh-tw:基本點;"></div> <div data-noteta-code="zh-cn:幻影2000; zh-hk:幻影2000; zh-tw:幻象2000;"></div> <div data-noteta-code="zh-cn:步兵战车; zh-tw:裝步戰車; zh-hk:步兵戰車;"></div> <div data-noteta-code="zh-hant:潛艦; zh-hans:潜艇;"></div> <div data-noteta-code="zh-hans:欧莱雅; zh-tw:萊雅; zh-hk:歐萊雅;"></div> <div data-noteta-code="zh-hk:標緻; zh-tw:寶獅; zh-cn:标致;"></div> </div> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83732082">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84055776">.mw-parser-output .ib-country{border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country td,.mw-parser-output .ib-country th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-full-data{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-header{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.2}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-names{padding-top:0.25em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-name-style{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-image{padding:0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-anthem{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding-top:0.5em;margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-largest,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-lang{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-ethnic,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-religion,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-sovereignty{font-weight:normal;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li2{text-indent:0.5em;margin-left:1em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-website{line-height:11pt}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption3{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn{text-align:left;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-num{margin-left:1em}</style> <p><b>法蘭西共和國</b>（法語：<span lang="fr">République française</span>，<small>发音：</small><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r61209503">.mw-parser-output .IPA{font-family:"Charis SIL","Doulos SIL","Linux Libertine","Segoe UI","Lucida Sans Unicode","Code2000","Gentium","Gentium Alternative","TITUS Cyberbit Basic","Arial Unicode MS","IPAPANNEW","Chrysanthi Unicode","GentiumAlt","Bitstream Vera","Bitstream Cyberbit","Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro","Lucida Grande",sans-serif;text-decoration:none!important}.mw-parser-output .IPA a:link,.mw-parser-output .IPA a:visited{text-decoration:none!important}</style><span title="国际音标" class="IPA"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E6%B3%95%E8%AA%9E%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:法語國際音標">[ʁepyblik fʁɑ̃sɛːz]</a></span> <span class="nowrap" style="font-size:85%">（<span class="unicode haudio"><span class="fn"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/8\/8c\/R%C3%A9publique_Fran%C3%A7aise.ogg\/R%C3%A9publique_Fran%C3%A7aise.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"zh","wikibase":"","file":"R\u00e9publique Fran\u00e7aise.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8c/R%25C3%25A9publique_Fran%25C3%25A7aise.ogg/R%25C3%25A9publique_Fran%25C3%25A7aise.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="播放音频" title="播放音频" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:R%C3%A9publique_Fran%C3%A7aise.ogg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="File:République Française.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span></span>）</span>），通稱法國（<span lang="fr">France</span> <small></small> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E6%B3%95%E8%AA%9E%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:法語國際音標">[fʁɑ̃s]</a></span> <span class="nowrap" style="font-size:85%">（<span class="unicode haudio"><span class="fn"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-2" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/c\/c4\/Fr-France.oga\/Fr-France.oga.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"zh","wikibase":"","file":"Fr-France.oga"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c4/Fr-France.oga/Fr-France.oga.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="播放音频" title="播放音频" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Fr-France.oga?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="File:Fr-France.oga">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span></span>）</span>），是位於<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%AD%90?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="西歐">西歐</a>並擁有<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E6%B5%B7%E5%A4%96%E7%9C%81%E5%92%8C%E6%B5%B7%E5%A4%96%E9%A2%86%E5%9C%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="法国海外省和海外领地">海外大區及領地</a><small><span id="noteTag-cite_ref-sup"><sup id="cite_ref-fourteen_21-0" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-fourteen-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>註 16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></small>的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E5%88%B6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="半總統制">雙首長制</a>共和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%B8%BB%E6%AC%8A%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="主權國家">國家</a><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，首都與最大城市為<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E9%BB%8E?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="巴黎">巴黎</a>。法國將行政區劃分為18个<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E5%8C%BA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="法国大区">大区</a>，其中有五個位於海外，其領土面積為643,801平方公里，是<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E7%9B%9F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="歐盟">歐盟</a>及西歐國土面積最遼闊的國家。法國本土氣候為<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E6%B4%8B%E6%80%A7%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="海洋性气候">海洋性气候</a>，海外領土則氣候多樣，在全球各洋均擁有大量島嶼。</p> <table class="infobox ib-country vcard"> <tbody> <tr> <th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr"> <div class="fn org country-name"> 法兰西共和国 </div> <div class="ib-country-names"> <span lang="fr" title="法語文本">République française</span> </div></th> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"> <div class="noresize" style="display:table; width:100%;"> <div style="display:table-cell; padding:0 2px 0 5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"> <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Flag_of_France.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="法国国旗"><img alt="法国国旗" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/125px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/188px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/250px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></a></span> </div> <div> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E6%97%97?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法国国旗">国旗</a> </div> </div> <div style="display:table-cell; padding:0 5px 0 2px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Arms_of_the_French_Republic.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="法国国徽"><img alt="法国国徽" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Arms_of_the_French_Republic.svg/85px-Arms_of_the_French_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Arms_of_the_French_Republic.svg/128px-Arms_of_the_French_Republic.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Arms_of_the_French_Republic.svg/170px-Arms_of_the_French_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="304" data-file-height="364"></a></span> </div> <div> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E5%BE%BD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法国国徽"> 国徽</a> </div> </div> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><b>格言：</b><i lang="fr" title="法語文本">Liberté, égalité, fraternité</i><span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">（<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%AA%9E?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="法語">法語</a>）</span> <div> 「<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E3%80%81%E5%B9%B3%E7%AD%89%E3%80%81%E5%8D%9A%E6%84%9B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="自由、平等、博愛">自由、平等、博愛</a>」 </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data anthem" style=""><b>国歌：</b>《<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E8%B3%BD%E6%9B%B2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="馬賽曲">馬賽曲</a>》<br><span lang="fr" title="法語文本">«La Marseillaise»</span> <div style="padding-top:0.4em;"> <center> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"> <span> <audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="80" data-mwtitle="La_Marseillaise.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"> <source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/30/La_Marseillaise.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/30/La_Marseillaise.ogg/La_Marseillaise.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0"><track 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src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ALa_Marseillaise.ogg&lang=uk&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="uk" label="українська（uk）" data-dir="ltr"><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ALa_Marseillaise.ogg&lang=vi&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="vi" label="Tiếng Việt（vi）" data-dir="ltr"><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ALa_Marseillaise.ogg&lang=zh-hant&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="zh-Hant" label="中文（繁體）（zh-hant）" data-dir="ltr"><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ALa_Marseillaise.ogg&lang=zh-hk&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="zh-Hant-HK" label="中文（香港）（zh-hk）" data-dir="ltr"><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ALa_Marseillaise.ogg&lang=zh&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="zh" label="中文（zh）" data-dir="ltr"> </audio></span> <figcaption></figcaption> </figure> </center> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><b><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="法国大国玺" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Great Seal of France"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E5%9B%BD%E7%8E%BA&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="法国大国玺（页面不存在）">大國璽</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Seal_of_France" class="extiw" title="en:Great Seal of France"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Great Seal of France</span></a></span>）</span></span>：</b><br> <div style="padding:0.3em;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Great_Seal_of_France.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Obverse"><img alt="Obverse" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Great_Seal_of_France.svg/100px-Great_Seal_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Great_Seal_of_France.svg/150px-Great_Seal_of_France.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Great_Seal_of_France.svg/200px-Great_Seal_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="650" data-file-height="650"></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Great_Seal_of_France_(reverse).svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Reverse"><img alt="Reverse" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Great_Seal_of_France_%28reverse%29.svg/100px-Great_Seal_of_France_%28reverse%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Great_Seal_of_France_%2528reverse%2529.svg/150px-Great_Seal_of_France_%2528reverse%2529.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Great_Seal_of_France_%2528reverse%2529.svg/200px-Great_Seal_of_France_%2528reverse%2529.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="343" data-file-height="343"></a></span> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><span class="mw-default-size mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:EU-France.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="法国本土的位置（深绿色） – 欧洲（绿色及深灰色） – 欧盟（绿色） — [圖例放大]"><img alt="法国本土的位置（深绿色） – 欧洲（绿色及深灰色） – 欧盟（绿色） — [圖例放大]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/EU-France.svg/250px-EU-France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/EU-France.svg/375px-EU-France.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/EU-France.svg/500px-EU-France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2045" data-file-height="1720"></a></span> <div class="ib-country-map-caption"> <div style="text-align:center;line-height:1.2em;{{{padding}}}"> <span><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E6%9C%AC%E5%9C%9F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="法国本土">法国本土</a>的位置（<span>深绿色</span>）</span> <p style="width:250px;text-align:left;margin-left:1.2ex;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;line-height:1.15em;">– <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="欧洲">欧洲</a>（<span>绿色及深灰色</span>）<br> – <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E7%9B%9F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="欧盟">欧盟</a>（<span>绿色</span>） — [<span><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:EU-France.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="File:EU-France.svg">圖例放大</a></span>]</p> </div> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:France_in_the_World_(%2BAntarctica_claims).svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="法国的领土[註 1]"><img alt="法国的领土[註 1]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/France_in_the_World_%28%2BAntarctica_claims%29.svg/250px-France_in_the_World_%28%2BAntarctica_claims%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/France_in_the_World_%2528%252BAntarctica_claims%2529.svg/375px-France_in_the_World_%2528%252BAntarctica_claims%2529.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/France_in_the_World_%2528%252BAntarctica_claims%2529.svg/500px-France_in_the_World_%2528%252BAntarctica_claims%2529.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2521" data-file-height="1260"></a></span> <div class="ib-country-map-caption"> <span style="font-size:11px;">法国的领土</span><span id="noteTag-cite_ref-sup"><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>註 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">首都 <div class="ib-country-largest"> 暨最大城市 </div></th> <td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E9%BB%8E?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="巴黎">巴黎</a><br><small><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82757201">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?language%3Dzh%26pagename%3D%25E6%25B3%2595%25E5%259B%25BD%26params%3D48_51_24_N_2_21_07_E_region:FR"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="此地的地图、航拍照片和其他数据"><span class="latitude">48°51′24″N</span> <span class="longitude">2°21′07″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="此地的地图、航拍照片和其他数据">48.85667°N 2.35194°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">48.85667; 2.35194</span></span></span></a></span></span></small></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">官方语言<br><span style="font-weight:normal;">及国家语言</span></th> <td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%AF%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法语">法语</a><span id="noteTag-cite_ref-sup"><sup id="cite_ref-one_2-0" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-one-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>註 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="法国政治">政府</a></th> <td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%95%E4%B8%80%E5%88%B6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="单一制">单一制</a><br><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%9F%E5%88%B6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="半总统制">半总统制</a><br><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E7%AB%8B%E5%AE%AA%E5%88%B6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="共和立宪制">共和立宪制</a></td> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"></td> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""> <div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;"> • <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%9F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法国总统">总统</a> </div></th> <td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E9%A9%AC%E7%BA%BD%E5%9F%83%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E9%BE%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="埃马纽埃尔·马克龙">埃马纽埃尔·马克龙</a></td> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""> <div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;"> • <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E6%80%BB%E7%90%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法国总理">总理</a> </div></th> <td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%B1%B3%E6%AD%87%E7%88%BE%C2%B7%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%BC%E8%80%B6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="米歇爾·巴尼耶">米歇爾·巴尼耶</a></td> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""> <div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;"> • <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E5%8F%82%E8%AE%AE%E9%99%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="法国参议院">參議院議長</a> </div></th> <td class="infobox-data" style=""><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="热拉尔·拉尔谢" data-lang-code="fr" data-lang-name="法语" data-foreign-title="Gérard Larcher"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E7%83%AD%E6%8B%89%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E6%8B%89%E5%B0%94%E8%B0%A2&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="热拉尔·拉尔谢（页面不存在）">热拉尔·拉尔谢</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">法语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%25C3%25A9rard_Larcher" class="extiw" title="fr:Gérard Larcher"><span lang="fr" dir="auto">Gérard Larcher</span></a></span>）</span></span></td> </tr> <tr style="display:none"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">立法机构</th> <td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E8%AE%AE%E4%BC%9A?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法国议会">议会</a></td> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""> <div class="ib-country-fake-li"> • <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E8%AE%AE%E9%99%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="上议院">上议院</a> </div></th> <td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8F%82%E8%AE%AE%E9%99%A2_(%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="参议院 (法国)">参议院</a></td> </tr> <tr class="mergedbottomrow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""> <div class="ib-country-fake-li"> • <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%B8%8B%E8%AE%AE%E9%99%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="下议院">下议院</a> </div></th> <td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E6%B0%91%E8%AD%B0%E6%9C%83_(%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="國民議會 (法國)">国民议会</a></td> </tr> <tr class="mergedtoprow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E8%BB%8D%E4%BA%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="法國軍事">现役军人</a></th> <td class="infobox-data" style="">203,250人<br> 41,050人（預備役）</td> </tr> <tr class="mergedtoprow"> <th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="">成立</th> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"></td> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""> <div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;"> • <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E5%85%8B%E7%8E%8B%E5%9B%BD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法兰克王国">法兰克王国</a>建立 </div></th> <td class="infobox-data" style="">481年</td> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""> <div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;"> • 《<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%87%A1%E5%B0%94%E7%99%BB%E6%9D%A1%E7%BA%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="凡尔登条约">凡尔登条约</a>》<wbr><span id="noteTag-cite_ref-sup"><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>註 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </div></th> <td class="infobox-data" style="">843年8月</td> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""> <div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;"> • <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E8%A5%BF%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法兰西第一共和国">第一共和国建立</a> </div></th> <td class="infobox-data" style="">1792年9月22日</td> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""> <div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;"> • 建立并加入<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E5%85%B1%E4%BD%93?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="欧共体">欧共体</a><wbr><span id="noteTag-cite_ref-sup"><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>註 4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </div></th> <td class="infobox-data" style="">1958年1月1日</td> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""> <div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;"> • <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E8%A5%BF%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%94%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="法兰西第五共和国">第五共和国</a>宪法的通过 </div></th> <td class="infobox-data" style="">1958年10月4日</td> </tr> <tr style="display:none"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr class="mergedtoprow"> <th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style=""><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法国地理">面积</a></th> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""> <div class="ib-country-fake-li"> • 总计 </div></th> <td class="infobox-data" style="">643,801平方公里<span id="noteTag-cite_ref-sup"><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>註 5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span><sup id="cite_ref-areafactbook_6-0" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-areafactbook-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>（<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%90%84%E5%9B%BD%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA%E9%9D%A2%E7%A7%AF%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="世界各国和地区面积列表">第41名</a>）</td> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""> <div class="ib-country-fake-li"> • <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E6%9C%AC%E5%9C%9F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="法国本土">法国本土</a>（<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E6%9E%97%E4%B8%9A%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%89%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="国家地理林业信息研究所">IGN</a>） </div></th> <td class="infobox-data" style="">553,486 km<sup>2</sup><span id="noteTag-cite_ref-sup"><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>註 6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span>（<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%90%84%E5%9B%BD%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA%E9%9D%A2%E7%A7%AF%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="世界各国和地区面积列表">第50名</a>）<br> 213,010 sq mi</td> </tr> <tr class="mergedbottomrow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""> <div class="ib-country-fake-li"> • <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E6%9C%AC%E5%9C%9F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="法国本土">法国本土</a>（<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%B1%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="地籍">地籍</a>） </div></th> <td class="infobox-data" style="">543,940.9 km<sup>2</sup><span id="noteTag-cite_ref-sup"><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>註 7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>（<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%90%84%E5%9B%BD%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA%E9%9D%A2%E7%A7%AF%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="世界各国和地区面积列表">第50名</a>）<br> 210,026 sq mi</td> </tr> <tr class="mergedtoprow"> <th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style=""><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法國人口">人口</a></th> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""> <div class="ib-country-fake-li"> • 2022年估计 </div></th> <td class="infobox-data" style="">67,897,000<span id="noteTag-cite_ref-sup"><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>註 8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span>（<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%90%84%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="各国家和地区人口列表">第20名</a>）</td> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""> <div class="ib-country-fake-li"> • <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E6%9C%AC%E5%9C%9F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="法国本土">法国本土</a>2021年5月 </div></th> <td class="infobox-data" style="">65,239,000（<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="国家人口列表">第23名</a>）</td> </tr> <tr class="mergedbottomrow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""> <div class="ib-country-fake-li"> • 密度 </div></th> <td class="infobox-data" style="">116/平方公里<span id="noteTag-cite_ref-sup"><sup id="cite_ref-five_11-0" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-five-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>註 9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span>（<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%90%84%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E5%AF%86%E5%BA%A6%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="各国家和地区人口密度列表">第89名</a>）</td> </tr> <tr class="mergedtoprow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E5%86%85%E7%94%9F%E4%BA%A7%E6%80%BB%E5%80%BC?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="国内生产总值">GDP</a><span style="font-weight:normal;">（<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%B4%AD%E4%B9%B0%E5%8A%9B%E5%B9%B3%E4%BB%B7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="购买力平价">PPP</a>）</span></th> <td class="infobox-data" style="">2023年估计</td> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""> <div class="ib-country-fake-li"> • 总计 </div></th> <td class="infobox-data" style=""><span class="nowrap">3.872万亿<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%85%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="美元">美元</a></span><sup id="cite_ref-imf2_12-0" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-imf2-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>（<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%90%84%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%9E%E8%B4%A8%E5%9B%BD%E5%86%85%E7%94%9F%E4%BA%A7%E6%80%BB%E5%80%BC%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="各国实质国内生产总值列表">第9名</a>）</td> </tr> <tr class="mergedbottomrow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""> <div class="ib-country-fake-li"> • 人均 </div></th> <td class="infobox-data" style="">58,827美元<sup id="cite_ref-imf2_12-1" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-imf2-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>（<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%90%84%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E5%9D%87%E5%AE%9E%E8%B4%A8%E5%9B%BD%E5%86%85%E7%94%9F%E4%BA%A7%E6%80%BB%E5%80%BC%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="各国人均实质国内生产总值列表">第27名</a>）</td> </tr> <tr class="mergedtoprow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E5%86%85%E7%94%9F%E4%BA%A7%E6%80%BB%E5%80%BC?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="国内生产总值">GDP</a><span style="font-weight:normal;"><span class="nowrap">（国际汇率）</span></span></th> <td class="infobox-data" style="">2023年估计</td> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""> <div class="ib-country-fake-li"> • 总计 </div></th> <td class="infobox-data" style="">2.923万亿美元<sup id="cite_ref-imf2_12-2" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-imf2-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>（<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%90%84%E5%9B%BD%E5%90%8D%E4%B9%89%E5%9B%BD%E5%86%85%E7%94%9F%E4%BA%A7%E6%80%BB%E5%80%BC%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="各国名义国内生产总值列表">第7名</a>）</td> </tr> <tr class="mergedbottomrow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""> <div class="ib-country-fake-li"> • 人均 </div></th> <td class="infobox-data" style="">44,408美元<sup id="cite_ref-imf2_12-3" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-imf2-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>（<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%90%84%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E5%9D%87%E5%90%8D%E4%B9%89%E5%9B%BD%E5%86%85%E7%94%9F%E4%BA%A7%E6%80%BB%E5%80%BC%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="各国人均名义国内生产总值列表">第23名</a>）</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E5%B0%BC%E7%B3%BB%E6%95%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="基尼系数">基尼系数</a></th> <td class="infobox-data" style=""><span style="color:red; font-size:larger">▲</span> 0.292<sup id="cite_ref-CIA_13-0" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-CIA-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><span style="font-weight:normal;">（2019年）</span><br><span class="nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83732967">html:not(.skin-theme-clientpref-night) .mw-parser-output .ifdarkmode>.isdarkmode{display:none}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ifdarkmode>.nodarkmode{display:none}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ifdarkmode>.nodarkmode{display:none}}</style><span class="ifdarkmode"><span class="nodarkmode"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83933911">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><span class="tmp-color" style="color:forestgreen">低</span></span><span class="isdarkmode"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83933911"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#279e27">低</span></span></span></span></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E7%B1%BB%E5%8F%91%E5%B1%95%E6%8C%87%E6%95%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="人类发展指数">人类发展指数</a></th> <td class="infobox-data" style=""><span style="color: #0c0; font-size:larger">▲</span> 0.901<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><span class="nowrap">（2019年）</span><br><span class="nowrap"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732967"><span class="ifdarkmode"><span class="nodarkmode"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83933911"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgreen">极高</span></span><span class="isdarkmode"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83933911"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:green">极高</span></span></span></span> · <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%90%84%E5%9C%8B%E4%BA%BA%E9%A1%9E%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8C%87%E6%95%B8%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="各國人類發展指數列表">第26名</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">货币</th> <td class="infobox-data" style=""><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655520">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="plainlist"> <ul> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E5%85%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="欧元">欧元</a>（<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISO_4217?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ISO 4217">EUR</a>）<wbr><span id="noteTag-cite_ref-sup"><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>註 10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E6%B4%8B%E6%B3%95%E9%83%8E?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="太平洋法郎">太平洋法郎</a>（XPF）<wbr><span id="noteTag-cite_ref-sup"><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>註 11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></li> </ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr class="mergedtoprow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">时区</th> <td class="infobox-data" style=""><span class="nowrap"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8F%E8%B0%83%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E6%97%B6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="协调世界时">UTC</a>+1</span>（<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E4%B8%AD%E9%83%A8%E6%97%B6%E9%97%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="欧洲中部时间">CET</a><span id="noteTag-cite_ref-sup"><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>註 12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span>）</td> </tr> <tr class="mergedbottomrow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""> <div class="ib-country-fake-li"> • <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%A4%8F%E6%97%B6%E5%88%B6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="夏时制">夏令时</a> </div></th> <td class="infobox-data" style=""><span class="nowrap"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8F%E8%B0%83%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E6%97%B6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="协调世界时">UTC</a>+2</span>（<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/CEST?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="CEST">CEST</a><span id="noteTag-cite_ref-sup"><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>註 13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span>）</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">日期格式</th> <td class="infobox-data" style="">dd/mm/yyyy</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%81%93%E8%B7%AF%E9%80%9A%E8%A1%8C%E6%96%B9%E5%90%91?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="道路通行方向">行驶方位</a></th> <td class="infobox-data" style="">靠右</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">电话区号</th> <td class="infobox-data" style="">+33<span id="noteTag-cite_ref-sup"><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>註 14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISO_3166?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166码</a></th> <td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=ISO_3166-2:FR&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="ISO 3166-2:FR（页面不存在）">FR</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><span class="nowrap"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%B0%E5%8D%80%E9%A0%82%E7%B4%9A%E5%9F%9F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="國家和地區頂級域">互联网顶级域</a></span></th> <td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/.fr?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title=".fr">.fr</a><span id="noteTag-cite_ref-sup"><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>註 15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""> <div class="ib-country-website"> <b>网站</b><br><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.service-public.fr/">www<wbr>.service-public<wbr>.fr</a></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q142%23P856" title="編輯維基數據鏈接"><img alt="編輯維基數據鏈接" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20"></a></span> </div></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>法國人的先祖<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E7%9B%A7%E4%BA%BA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="高盧人">高盧人</a>自<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%90%B5%E5%99%A8%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="鐵器時代">鐵器時代</a>遷移到現在的法國領土生活，後<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="羅馬共和國">羅馬共和國</a>於前51年併吞了該地區，形成獨特的高盧－羅馬文化。<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%98%AD%E5%85%8B%E4%BA%BA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法蘭克人">法蘭克人</a>於5世紀在此處建立了<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%98%AD%E5%85%8B%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="法蘭克王國">法蘭克王國</a>，並逐步擴張至全<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%AD%90?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="西歐">西歐</a>。987年，<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%8E%E6%A0%BC%C2%B7%E5%8D%A1%E4%BD%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="于格·卡佩">于格·卡佩</a>即位為王，被後世視為<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%98%AD%E8%A5%BF%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法蘭西王國">法蘭西王國</a>的開端。該王國成立初期是個強大但分權的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%B0%81%E5%BB%BA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="封建">封建</a>王國，直到12世紀末期法王<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%85%93%E5%8A%9B%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96_(%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E8%A5%BF)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="腓力二世 (法兰西)">腓力二世</a>開始集中王權，並在<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E6%B1%B6%E6%88%98%E5%BD%B9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="布汶战役">布汶戰役</a>戰勝<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E8%81%96%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="神聖羅馬帝國">神聖羅馬帝國</a>與<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E8%8C%B9%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="安茹帝国">安茹帝國</a>的聯軍，逐漸成為歐洲最強大的國家。14世紀到15世紀，法國與<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E6%A0%BC%E8%98%AD%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="英格蘭王國">英格蘭王國</a>發生<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%99%BE%E5%B9%B4%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="百年戰爭">百年戰爭</a>，法國勝利後其<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%B0%81%E5%BB%BA%E5%88%B6%E5%BA%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="封建制度">封建制度</a>開始瓦解。<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E6%96%87%E8%89%BA%E5%A4%8D%E5%85%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法国文艺复兴">法國文藝復興</a>中，法國文化與藝術遍佈繁榮，並在<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%88%AA%E6%B5%B7%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="大航海時代">大航海時代</a>建立了全球<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%AE%96%E6%B0%91%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="殖民帝国">殖民帝國</a>。16世紀下半葉，法國內部因新舊教之爭爆發<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法国宗教战争">宗教戰爭</a>。17世紀中期，法國贏得了<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%8D%81%E5%B9%B4%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="三十年戰爭">三十年戰爭</a>與<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%A5%BF%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89_(1635%E5%B9%B4%E2%80%941659%E5%B9%B4)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法西战争 (1635年—1659年)">法西战争</a>，再度成為歐洲霸主<sup id="cite_ref-A_History_of_the_Modern_World_24-0" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-A_History_of_the_Modern_World-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。隨後約一百年裡，法國以廣泛的軍事征伐與文化成就著稱。18世紀中期法國在<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%B8%83%E5%B9%B4%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="七年戰爭">七年戰爭</a>慘敗，財政陷入窘境，並在<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E6%B3%95%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD_(1778%E5%B9%B4%EF%BC%8D1783%E5%B9%B4)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="英法戰爭 (1778年－1783年)">支持美國獨立</a>後徹底爆發，促成了1789年的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E5%A4%A7%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="法國大革命">法國大革命</a>，推翻了<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%97%A7%E5%88%B6%E5%BA%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="旧制度">旧制度</a>並頒布了《<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E6%9D%83%E5%92%8C%E5%85%AC%E6%B0%91%E6%9D%83%E5%AE%A3%E8%A8%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="人权和公民权宣言">人權宣言</a>》。</p> <p>19世紀初，<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%8B%BF%E7%A0%B4%E5%B4%99%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="拿破崙一世">拿破崙·波拿巴</a>稱帝，率領法軍多次擊敗<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E6%B3%95%E5%90%8C%E7%9B%9F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="反法同盟">反法同盟</a>，法國本土領土面積達到頂峰。<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%8B%BF%E7%A0%B4%E5%B4%99%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="拿破崙戰爭">拿破崙戰爭</a>結束後，<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%98%AD%E8%A5%BF%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="法蘭西第一帝國">法蘭西第一帝國</a>解體，法國陷入了動盪的衰弱期，直到<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E9%87%8C%E7%B1%B3%E4%BA%9E%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="克里米亞戰爭">克里米亞戰爭</a>才出現大型軍事行動。1870年<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%8B%BF%E7%A0%B4%E5%B4%99%E4%B8%89%E4%B8%96?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="拿破崙三世">拿破崙三世</a>退位，<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%98%AD%E8%A5%BF%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="法蘭西第三共和國">法蘭西第三共和國</a>成立。之後，法國社會度過了一段經濟、文化、科學繁榮的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%A5%BD%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="美好年代">美好年代</a>。1914年，<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="第一次世界大戰">第一次世界大戰</a>爆發，法國作為<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%94%E7%B4%84%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="協約國">協約國</a>的主力最終戰勝<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E6%84%8F%E5%BF%97%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="德意志帝國">德意志帝國</a>，但在戰爭中損失巨大。<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="第二次世界大戰">第二次世界大戰</a>中，法國於1940年被<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%BB%B8%E5%BF%83%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="軸心國">軸心國</a>佔領。<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%A4%8F%E7%88%BE%C2%B7%E6%88%B4%E9%AB%98%E6%A8%82?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="夏爾·戴高樂">戴高樂將軍</a>隨後流亡海外並組建<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="自由法國">自由法國</a>，該政權於1944年<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%BE%8D%E9%A8%8E%E5%85%B5%E8%A1%8C%E5%8B%95?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="龍騎兵行動">解放本土</a>。當前的第五共和國由戴高樂於1958年成立，並與許多前殖民地保持經濟與軍事交流。</p> <p>法國至今已是個極高<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E9%A1%9E%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8C%87%E6%95%B8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="人類發展指數">人類發展指數</a>的國家，以名義GDP為量度是世界第七大經濟體，其<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%B0%88%E5%B1%AC%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F%E5%8D%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="專屬經濟區">經濟海域</a>為世界第一大。法國經濟以服務業為主，其次為工業和農業，國家也掌控了部份的經濟結構，並給予大量的財政支持。法國作為世界<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E7%BE%8E%E6%9C%AF?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法国美术">藝術</a>、科學與哲學中心的地位維持了數百年之久，其在歷史上也是長時間的歐洲霸主<sup id="cite_ref-A_History_of_the_Modern_World_24-1" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-A_History_of_the_Modern_World-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，並被部分歷史學家視作17世紀中後期的世界第一強國<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。當今法國仍是世界強國之一，在軍事、經濟、文化、政治、科技、教育上均有全球性的顯著影響力。法國為國際公認的有核國家，其企業軍火銷售金額位居世界第二。1945年以來法國即為<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E7%90%86%E4%BA%8B%E6%9C%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="聯合國安全理事會">聯合國安全理事會</a>常任理事國。法國還是<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%AA%9E%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E5%8F%8A%E5%9C%B0%E5%8D%80%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="法語國家及地區國際組織">法語國家組織</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%B8%83%E5%A4%A7%E5%B7%A5%E6%A5%AD%E5%9C%8B%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="七大工業國組織">七國集團</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%A4%A7%E8%A5%BF%E6%B4%8B%E5%85%AC%E7%B4%84%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="北大西洋公約組織">北大西洋公約組織</a>成員國。</p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"> <input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"> <div class="toctitle" lang="zh" dir="ltr"> <h2 id="mw-toc-heading">目录</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E5%9B%BD%E5%90%8D"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">国名</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">歷史</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%A3%E8%87%B3%E6%B3%95%E8%98%AD%E5%85%8B%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">古代至法蘭克王國</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E5%8D%A1%E4%BD%A9%E7%8E%8B%E6%94%BF%E8%87%B3%E6%96%87%E8%97%9D%E5%BE%A9%E8%88%88"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext">卡佩王政至文藝復興</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E6%B3%A2%E6%97%81%E7%8E%8B%E6%94%BF"><span class="tocnumber">2.3</span> <span class="toctext">波旁王政</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E5%A4%A7%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD%E8%88%87%E6%8B%BF%E7%A0%B4%E5%B4%99"><span class="tocnumber">2.4</span> <span class="toctext">大革命與拿破崙</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E6%94%BF%E6%AC%8A%E6%9B%B4%E8%BF%AD"><span class="tocnumber">2.5</span> <span class="toctext">政權更迭</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0"><span class="tocnumber">2.6</span> <span class="toctext">第一次世界大戰</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E6%88%B0%E9%96%93%E6%9C%9F%E8%87%B3%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0"><span class="tocnumber">2.7</span> <span class="toctext">戰間期至第二次世界大戰</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E8%A7%A3%E6%94%BE%E5%88%B0%E7%8F%BE%E4%BB%A3%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B"><span class="tocnumber">2.8</span> <span class="toctext">解放到現代法國</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">地理</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E9%A2%86%E5%9C%9F%E5%9C%B0%E5%BD%A2"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">领土地形</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99%E7%94%9F%E6%80%81"><span class="tocnumber">3.2</span> <span class="toctext">气候生态</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%92"><span class="tocnumber">3.3</span> <span class="toctext">行政区划</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-15"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">政治</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-16"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E6%B3%95%E5%BE%8B"><span class="tocnumber">4.1</span> <span class="toctext">法律</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-17"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E5%A4%96%E4%BA%A4"><span class="tocnumber">4.2</span> <span class="toctext">外交</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-18"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E5%86%9B%E4%BA%8B"><span class="tocnumber">4.3</span> <span class="toctext">军事</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-19"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E8%B4%A2%E6%94%BF"><span class="tocnumber">4.4</span> <span class="toctext">财政</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-20"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">经济</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-21"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E5%86%9C%E4%B8%9A"><span class="tocnumber">5.1</span> <span class="toctext">农业</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-22"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E5%B7%A5%E4%B8%9A"><span class="tocnumber">5.2</span> <span class="toctext">工业</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-23"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1%E4%B8%9A"><span class="tocnumber">5.3</span> <span class="toctext">服务业</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-24"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E6%97%85%E6%B8%B8%E4%B8%9A"><span class="tocnumber">5.4</span> <span class="toctext">旅游业</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-25"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E8%83%BD%E6%BA%90"><span class="tocnumber">5.5</span> <span class="toctext">能源</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-26"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E4%BA%A4%E9%80%9A"><span class="tocnumber">5.6</span> <span class="toctext">交通</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-27"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E7%A7%91%E6%8A%80"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">科技</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-28"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">人口</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-29"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F"><span class="tocnumber">7.1</span> <span class="toctext">民族</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-30"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E4%B8%BB%E8%A6%81%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82"><span class="tocnumber">7.2</span> <span class="toctext">主要城市</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-31"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80"><span class="tocnumber">7.3</span> <span class="toctext">语言</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-32"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99"><span class="tocnumber">7.4</span> <span class="toctext">宗教</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-33"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E5%8C%BB%E7%96%97%E5%8D%AB%E7%94%9F"><span class="tocnumber">7.5</span> <span class="toctext">医疗卫生</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-34"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2"><span class="tocnumber">7.6</span> <span class="toctext">教育</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-35"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">文化</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-36"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E7%BE%8E%E6%9C%AF"><span class="tocnumber">8.1</span> <span class="toctext">美术</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-37"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91"><span class="tocnumber">8.2</span> <span class="toctext">建筑</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-38"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6"><span class="tocnumber">8.3</span> <span class="toctext">文学</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-39"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6"><span class="tocnumber">8.4</span> <span class="toctext">哲学</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-40"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E9%9F%B3%E4%B9%90"><span class="tocnumber">8.5</span> <span class="toctext">音乐</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-41"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E7%94%B5%E5%BD%B1"><span class="tocnumber">8.6</span> <span class="toctext">电影</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-42"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E6%97%B6%E5%B0%9A"><span class="tocnumber">8.7</span> <span class="toctext">时尚</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-43"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E5%AA%92%E4%BD%93"><span class="tocnumber">8.8</span> <span class="toctext">媒体</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-44"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E9%A5%AE%E9%A3%9F"><span class="tocnumber">8.9</span> <span class="toctext">饮食</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-45"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E4%BD%93%E8%82%B2"><span class="tocnumber">8.10</span> <span class="toctext">体育</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-46"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E5%85%AC%E5%85%B1%E5%81%87%E6%97%A5"><span class="tocnumber">8.11</span> <span class="toctext">公共假日</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-47"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E5%8F%82%E8%A7%81"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">参见</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-48"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E5%BB%B6%E4%BC%B8%E9%98%85%E8%AF%BB"><span class="tocnumber">10</span> <span class="toctext">延伸阅读</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-49"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87"><span class="tocnumber">11</span> <span class="toctext">引文</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-50"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E6%B3%A8%E9%87%8A"><span class="tocnumber">12</span> <span class="toctext">注释</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-51"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E5%8F%82%E8%80%83%E6%96%87%E7%8C%AE"><span class="tocnumber">13</span> <span class="toctext">参考文献</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-52"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E4%B9%A6%E7%9B%AE"><span class="tocnumber">13.1</span> <span class="toctext">书目</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-53"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E5%A4%96%E9%83%A8%E9%80%A3%E7%B5%90"><span class="tocnumber">14</span> <span class="toctext">外部連結</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="国名"><span id=".E5.9B.BD.E5.90.8D"></span>国名</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&section=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="编辑章节：国名" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>编辑</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <p>中文的“法國”是“法兰西国”之<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%AE%80%E7%A7%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="简称">简称</a>，“法兰西”最早源於<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E6%96%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="拉丁文">拉丁文</a>中的“<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%98%AD%E5%85%8B%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="法蘭克王國">Francia</a>”，意指“<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%98%AD%E5%85%8B%E4%BA%BA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法蘭克人">法蘭克人</a>之國”<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，现今<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E8%AF%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="意大利语">意大利语</a>和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99%E8%AF%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="西班牙语">西班牙语</a>中仍称法国为Francia，而法国国名的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="英语">英语</a>France、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="德语">德语</a>Frankreich和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="荷兰语">荷兰语</a>Frankrijk也拥有与Francia相同的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%AF%8D%E6%A0%B9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="词根">词根</a>。</p> <p>“法蘭克”由什麼來，則有不同的理論：有指此衍生於<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%A7%8B%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AA%9E?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="原始日耳曼語">原始日耳曼語</a>“frank”（“自由”）<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，因为罗马征服高卢后，只有<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E5%85%8B%E4%BA%BA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="法兰克人">法兰克人</a>不用纳税<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>；也有说法指其来源于意为“長矛”或“標槍”的“<span lang="de">frankon</span>”一词，因為該民族所用之投擲斧名稱為“<span lang="de">Francisca</span>”<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。另外，根據捷克歷史學家<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="戴维·甘斯" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="David Gans"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%88%B4%E7%BB%B4%C2%B7%E7%94%98%E6%96%AF&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="戴维·甘斯（页面不存在）">戴维·甘斯</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Gans" class="extiw" title="en:David Gans"><span lang="en" dir="auto">David Gans</span></a></span>）</span></span>所載，“法兰西”亦建基於“<span lang="de">Franci</span>”一稱。此乃公元前61年、卡姆布里族（<span lang="de">Sicambri</span>）其中一任君王之名字，而此君王的主權一直延伸至萊茵河以西、遠至<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF%E5%A0%A1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="斯特拉斯堡">斯特拉斯堡</a>及<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E5%88%A9%E6%99%82?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="比利時">比利時</a>之地<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</p> <p>在<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E5%AD%97%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%9C%88?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="汉字文化圈">汉字文化圈</a>中，法国的常用汉字表记有<b>法兰西</b>和<b>佛蘭西</b>两种形式。“法兰西”一词最早在清<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%BA%B7%E7%86%99_(%E5%B9%B4%E5%8F%B7)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="康熙 (年号)">康熙</a>五十八年（1719年）两广总督<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%A5%8A%E7%90%B3_(%E6%B8%85%E6%9C%9D)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="楊琳 (清朝)">杨琳</a>上报朝廷的奏折中出现<sup id="cite_ref-引_31-0" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-%E5%BC%95-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>；简称“法国”则始见于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%92%B8%E4%B8%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="咸丰">咸丰</a>七年（1857年）由英国传教士<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%81%89%E7%83%88%E4%BA%9E%E5%8A%9B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="偉烈亞力">伟烈亚力</a>编辑的月刊《<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%85%AD%E5%90%88%E4%B8%9B%E8%B0%88?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="六合丛谈">六合丛谈</a>》。“佛兰西”一词最早见于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%9B%8D%E6%AD%A3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="雍正">雍正</a>八年（1730年）<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%99%88%E4%BC%A6%E7%82%AF?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="陈伦炯">陈伦炯</a>《大西洋记》，<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%81%93%E5%85%89?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="道光">道光</a>二十四年（1844年）<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%9E%97%E5%88%99%E5%BE%90?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="林则徐">林则徐</a>编译的《<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E6%B4%B2%E5%BF%97?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="四洲志">四洲志</a>》亦使用“佛兰西”<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="汉语">汉语</a>和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97%E8%AF%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="越南语">越南语</a>中使用“法兰西”（<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97%E8%AF%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="越南语">越南语</a>：<span title="越南语國語字"><span lang="vi">Pháp Lan Tây</span></span>／<span title="漢喃文"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r80129570">.mw-parser-output .han-nom{font-family:"Gothic Nguyen","Han-Nom Gothic","Minh Nguyen","Han-Nom Minh","Nom Na Tong","HAN NOM A","HAN NOM B","TH-Khaai-TP0","TH-Khaai-TP2","TH-Khaai-PP0","TH-Khaai-PP2","TH-Sung-PP0","TH-Sung-PP2","TH-Sung-TP0","TH-Sung-TP2","TH-Sy-P0","TH-Sy-P2","TH-Ming-JP0","TH-Ming-JP2","Ming-Lt-HKSCS-UNI-H","Ming-Lt-HKSCS-ExtB","FZKaiT-Extended","FZKaiT-Extended(SIP)","FZKaiS-Extended","FZKaiS-Extended(SIP)","Sun-ExtA","Sun-ExtB","MingLiU","MingLiU-ExtB","MingLiU_HKSCS","MingLiU_HKSCS-ExtB","SimSun","SimSun-ExtB",sans-serif}</style><span lang="vi-hani"><span class="han-nom">法蘭西</span></span></span><sup></sup>）的表记，简称法国（<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97%E8%AF%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="越南语">越南语</a>：<span title="越南语國語字"><span lang="vi">Pháp quốc</span></span>／<span title="漢喃文"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r80129570"><span lang="vi-hani"><span class="han-nom">法國</span></span></span><sup></sup>），而<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E8%AF%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="日语">日语</a>和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E8%AF%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="朝鲜语">朝鲜语</a>中则沿用“佛蘭西”的表记（日语：<span lang="ja">仏蘭西</span>；<span>朝鲜语：<span title="諺文表記"><span lang="ko">불란서</span></span><small>／</small><span title="漢字（諺漢混用）表記"><span lang="ko">佛蘭西</span></span></span>），简称佛国（日语：<span lang="ja">仏国</span>；<span>韩语：<span title="諺文表記"><span lang="ko">불국</span></span><small>／</small><span title="漢字（諺漢混用）表記"><span lang="ko">佛國</span></span></span>）。<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="第二次世界大战">第二次世界大战</a>后的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E8%AF%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="日语">日语</a>与<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%9F%A9%E8%AF%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="韩语">韩语</a>（<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%9F%93%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E8%AA%9E?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="大韓民國標準語">大韓民國標準語</a>）中，佛兰西的汉字表记形式不再广泛使用，而改用<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%9F%B3%E8%AF%91?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="音译">音译</a>的形式，日语以<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%89%87%E5%81%87%E5%90%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="片假名">片假名</a>寫为<span lang="ja">フランス</span>，韩语（<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%9F%93%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E8%AA%9E?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="大韓民國標準語">大韓民國標準語</a>）为<span lang="ko">프랑스</span>，但单字简称（日语：<span lang="ja">仏</span>；韩语：<span lang="ko">불</span>）仍然广泛使用。在<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E4%BC%AF%E6%9D%A5%E8%AF%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="希伯来语">希伯来语</a>中法国的名称为<span lang="he">צרפת</span>（Tzarfat）。<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%AF%9B%E5%88%A9%E8%AF%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="毛利语">毛利语</a>称法国为Wīwī，源自法语的“Oui, oui”（是，是）。</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="歷史"><span id=".E6.AD.B7.E5.8F.B2"></span>歷史</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&section=2&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="编辑章节：歷史" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>编辑</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> 主条目：<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="法国历史">法国历史</a> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="古代至法蘭克王國"><span id=".E5.8F.A4.E4.BB.A3.E8.87.B3.E6.B3.95.E8.98.AD.E5.85.8B.E7.8E.8B.E5.9C.8B"></span>古代至法蘭克王國</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&section=3&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="编辑章节：古代至法蘭克王國" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>编辑</span> </a> </span> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> 主条目：<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E5%8D%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="高卢">高卢</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E9%AB%98%E5%8D%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="罗马高卢">罗马高卢</a>和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%98%AD%E5%85%8B%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="法蘭克王國">法蘭克王國</a> </div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Maison_Carree_in_Nimes_(16).jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Maison_Carree_in_Nimes_%2816%29.jpg/250px-Maison_Carree_in_Nimes_%2816%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="176" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4626" data-file-height="3248"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 250px;height: 176px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Maison_Carree_in_Nimes_%2816%29.jpg/250px-Maison_Carree_in_Nimes_%2816%29.jpg" data-width="250" data-height="176" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Maison_Carree_in_Nimes_%2816%29.jpg/375px-Maison_Carree_in_Nimes_%2816%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Maison_Carree_in_Nimes_%2816%29.jpg/500px-Maison_Carree_in_Nimes_%2816%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%96%B9%E5%BD%A2%E7%A5%9E%E6%AE%BF?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="方形神殿">方形神殿</a>是<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="羅馬帝國">羅馬帝國</a>於法國的著名建設之一 </figcaption> </figure> <p>現今的法國地域早在史前時期就有人居住，法國境內大量發現了時間可追溯至舊石器時代中葉的尼安德塔人化石，以法國西南部一地出土的最具代表性，還在<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E7%88%BE%E5%A4%9A%E6%B6%85%E7%9C%81?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="多爾多涅省">多爾多涅省</a>與<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E5%88%A9%E7%89%9B%E6%96%AF%E5%B1%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="比利牛斯山">比利牛斯山</a>發現史前人類製作的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E6%B4%9E%E5%A3%81%E7%94%BB?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="石洞壁画">石洞壁画</a><sup id="cite_ref-Jean_Carpentier_1987_p.17_33-0" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Jean_Carpentier_1987_p.17-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，在全國範圍內也找到數座新石器與紅銅時代文化遺址，如冶金、開採金、銅、鐵等技術的遺址，還有位於<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E5%88%97%E5%A1%94%E5%B0%BC?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="布列塔尼">布列塔尼</a>的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E7%BA%B3%E5%85%8B%E5%B7%A8%E7%9F%B3%E6%9E%97?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="卡纳克巨石林">卡纳克巨石林</a><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。鐵器時代則是以凱爾特人的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%93%88%E5%B0%94%E6%96%BD%E5%A1%94%E7%89%B9%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="哈尔施塔特文化">哈尔施塔特文化</a>遺址為代表。</p> <p>前600年，古希臘人開始向黑海、地中海、亞得里亞海沿岸各地殖民，他們中來自<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E5%A5%A7%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="伊奧尼亞">伊奧尼亞</a>的一支在<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%AD%E6%B5%B7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="地中海">西地中海</a>岸建立马萨利亚殖民地，該城也因此成為法國最古老的城市──<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E8%B3%BD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="馬賽">馬賽</a><sup id="cite_ref-The_Cambridge_ancient_history_35-0" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-The_Cambridge_ancient_history-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Orrieux_36-0" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Orrieux-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。與此同時，一些<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%87%B1%E7%88%BE%E7%89%B9%E4%BA%BA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="凱爾特人">凱爾特人</a>經陸地遷入法國，分布地域几近覆盖法国全境，成為後世所稱的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E7%9B%A7%E4%BA%BA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="高盧人">高盧人</a><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。前390年，高卢酋长<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E5%80%AB%E5%8A%AA%E6%96%AF?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="布倫努斯">布伦努斯</a>率军穿越<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E5%8D%91%E6%96%AF%E5%B1%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="阿尔卑斯山">阿尔卑斯山</a>前往今<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="意大利">意大利</a>，在<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E6%B2%B3%E6%88%98%E5%BD%B9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="阿利亚河战役">阿利亚河战役</a>击败罗马军队，短暫控制罗马地区。前125年，罗马征服高卢南部，建立<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%AF%BA%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E6%8B%89%E8%A1%8C%E7%9C%81?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="诺斯特拉行省">诺斯特拉行省</a><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。之後，<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%B0%A4%E5%88%A9%E4%B9%8C%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%87%AF%E6%92%92?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="尤利乌斯·凯撒">尤利乌斯·凯撒</a>征服高卢全境，且于前52年平息了酋长<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E9%92%A6%E6%89%98%E5%88%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="维钦托利">维钦托利</a>的叛乱<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，此后<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E5%8F%A4%E6%96%AF%E9%83%BD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="奥古斯都">奥古斯都</a>将高卢分区建省<sup id="cite_ref-c53_40-0" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-c53-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。羅馬統治時間長達400年，期間建設了大量羅馬式城市，帶給法國諸多羅馬文化與建築，高卢人逐渐罗马化，汲取罗马文化习俗、并开始使用<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AA%9E?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="拉丁語">拉丁語</a>。250年至280年，高卢边境地区屡遭<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%9B%AE%E6%97%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="蛮族">蛮族</a>侵袭<sup id="cite_ref-c77_41-0" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-c77-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。4世纪上半叶，这种状况有所改善，高卢地区迎来复兴和发展<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。5世纪起，蛮族对罗马掀起大规模入侵<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，罗马帝国陷入崩溃，<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E5%A4%A7%E8%BF%81%E5%BE%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="欧洲民族大迁徙">欧洲民族大迁徙</a>于此时开始。<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B1%AA%E8%BE%BE%E5%B0%94%E4%BA%BA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="汪达尔人">汪达尔</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E7%BB%B4%E6%B1%87%E4%BA%BA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="苏维汇人">苏维汇</a>和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%A5%84%E8%94%A1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="奄蔡">奄蔡</a>等<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E4%BA%BA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="日耳曼人">日耳曼部族</a>穿越莱茵河，进入高卢、西班牙和其它曾属于罗马帝国的地区定居<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</p> <p><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="西羅馬帝國">西羅馬帝國</a>末期，軍事衰退，內部動亂，異族入侵。476年，皇帝<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E6%85%95%E8%B7%AF%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%A5%A5%E5%8F%A4%E6%96%AF%E9%83%BD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="罗慕路斯·奥古斯都">罗慕路斯·奥古斯都</a>被<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%9B%AE%E6%97%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="蛮族">蛮族</a>軍閥<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E5%A4%9A%E4%BA%9E%E5%A1%9E?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="奧多亞塞">奧多亞塞</a>廢黜，<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="西羅馬帝國">西羅馬帝國</a>滅亡，西歐領土被各大勢力佔據。五世紀初，法蘭克人<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E6%B4%9B%E7%BB%B4%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="克洛维一世">克洛維</a>統一法蘭克人諸部，皈依<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="基督教">基督教</a>後定都<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E9%BB%8E?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="巴黎">巴黎</a>，建立<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%98%AD%E5%85%8B%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="法蘭克王國">法蘭克王國</a>。克洛維後代<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%A2%A8%E6%B4%9B%E6%BA%AB%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="墨洛溫王朝">墨洛溫王朝</a>先後對外用兵，勢力擴張到當代<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="法國">法國</a>大部分地區，但7世紀以後王權式微，<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%AE%AB%E7%9B%B8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="宫相">宫相</a><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%9F%A5%E7%90%86%C2%B7%E9%A9%AC%E7%89%B9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="查理·马特">查理·馬特</a>成為法蘭克王國的統治者。751年，國王<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E7%88%BE%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%8C%E5%85%8B%E4%B8%89%E4%B8%96?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="希爾德里克三世">希爾德里克三世</a>被查理·馬特之子<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%9F%AE%E5%AD%90%E4%B8%95%E5%B9%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="矮子丕平">矮子丕平</a>廢黜，<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%B4%9B%E6%9E%97%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="加洛林王朝">加洛林王朝</a>取代<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%A2%A8%E6%B4%9B%E6%BA%AB%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="墨洛溫王朝">墨洛溫王朝</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE杜比2010235_45-0" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTE%E6%9D%9C%E6%AF%942010235-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。之後，丕平之子<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%9F%A5%E7%90%86%E6%9B%BC?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="查理曼">查理曼</a>對外征伐，控制今法德意地區，在800年於<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="羅馬">羅馬</a>被教宗<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%89%AF%E4%B8%89%E4%B8%96?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="良三世">利奧三世</a>加冕為帝<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE杜比2010240_46-0" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTE%E6%9D%9C%E6%AF%942010240-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。843年，<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%9F%A5%E7%90%86%E6%9B%BC?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="查理曼">查理曼</a>的三位孫子<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B4%9B%E6%B3%B0%E5%B0%94%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96_(%E4%B8%AD%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E5%85%8B)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="洛泰尔一世 (中法兰克)">洛泰尔</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E4%BA%BA%E8%B7%AF%E6%98%93?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="日耳曼人路易">路易</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%A6%BF%E9%A0%AD%E6%9F%A5%E7%90%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="禿頭查理">查理</a>簽署《<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%87%A1%E5%B0%94%E7%99%BB%E6%9D%A1%E7%BA%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="凡尔登条约">凡爾登條約</a>》，將帝國分為西、中、東法蘭克。當時<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%B3%95%E8%98%AD%E5%85%8B%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="西法蘭克王國">西法蘭克</a>諸侯林立，政局不穩，且王族迅速絕嗣。885年，<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%B3%95%E8%98%AD%E5%85%8B%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="東法蘭克王國">東法蘭克</a>國王<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%83%96%E5%AD%90%E6%9F%A5%E7%90%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="胖子查理">胖子查理</a>被推舉為西法蘭克國王，但由於施政不佳，其子未能繼承王位，<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E9%BB%8E%E5%9C%8D%E5%9F%8E%E6%88%B0_(885%E5%B9%B4%E2%80%94886%E5%B9%B4)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="巴黎圍城戰 (885年—886年)">巴黎圍城戰</a>有功的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8E%84%E5%BE%B7_(%E8%A5%BF%E6%B3%95%E8%98%AD%E5%85%8B)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="厄德 (西法蘭克)">厄德</a>成為新國王。之後，西法蘭克在不同家族之間統治，直到法蘭克公爵<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%8E%E6%A0%BC%C2%B7%E5%8D%A1%E4%BD%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="于格·卡佩">于格·卡佩</a>稱王，建立<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E4%BD%A9%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="卡佩王朝">卡佩王朝</a>為止<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE杜比2010304_47-0" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTE%E6%9D%9C%E6%AF%942010304-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="卡佩王政至文藝復興"><span id=".E5.8D.A1.E4.BD.A9.E7.8E.8B.E6.94.BF.E8.87.B3.E6.96.87.E8.97.9D.E5.BE.A9.E8.88.88"></span>卡佩王政至文藝復興</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&section=4&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="编辑章节：卡佩王政至文藝復興" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>编辑</span> </a> </span> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> 主条目：<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%98%AD%E8%A5%BF%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法蘭西王國">法蘭西王國</a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Louis-F%C3%A9lix_Amiel-Philippe_II_dit_Philippe-Auguste_Roi_de_France_(1165-1223).jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Louis-F%C3%A9lix_Amiel-Philippe_II_dit_Philippe-Auguste_Roi_de_France_%281165-1223%29.jpg/170px-Louis-F%C3%A9lix_Amiel-Philippe_II_dit_Philippe-Auguste_Roi_de_France_%281165-1223%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="215" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1582" data-file-height="2000"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 215px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Louis-F%C3%A9lix_Amiel-Philippe_II_dit_Philippe-Auguste_Roi_de_France_%281165-1223%29.jpg/170px-Louis-F%C3%A9lix_Amiel-Philippe_II_dit_Philippe-Auguste_Roi_de_France_%281165-1223%29.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="215" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Louis-F%C3%A9lix_Amiel-Philippe_II_dit_Philippe-Auguste_Roi_de_France_%281165-1223%29.jpg/255px-Louis-F%C3%A9lix_Amiel-Philippe_II_dit_Philippe-Auguste_Roi_de_France_%281165-1223%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Louis-F%C3%A9lix_Amiel-Philippe_II_dit_Philippe-Auguste_Roi_de_France_%281165-1223%29.jpg/340px-Louis-F%C3%A9lix_Amiel-Philippe_II_dit_Philippe-Auguste_Roi_de_France_%281165-1223%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%85%93%E5%8A%9B%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96_(%E6%B3%95%E8%98%AD%E8%A5%BF)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="腓力二世 (法蘭西)">腓力二世</a>任內勵精圖治，擴大王權統治範圍，被視作法國史上最傑出的君主之一 </figcaption> </figure> <p><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%8E%E6%A0%BC%C2%B7%E5%8D%A1%E4%BD%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="于格·卡佩">于格·卡佩</a>稱王被後世史學家視為「法蘭西王國」的開端，但直到<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%85%93%E5%8A%9B%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96_(%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E8%A5%BF)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="腓力二世 (法兰西)">腓力二世</a>統治以前，<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E4%BD%A9%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="卡佩王朝">卡佩王朝</a>的統治者都仍以「法蘭克國王」自居。卡佩王朝建立之初，面臨到<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%B4%9B%E6%9E%97%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="加洛林王朝">加洛林王朝</a>後期相同的困境，其治下的貴族越發獨立，王權衰微<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE杜比2010304_47-1" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTE%E6%9D%9C%E6%AF%942010304-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBradbury200773_48-0" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBradbury200773-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。1066年，法國<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%AF%BA%E6%9B%BC%E5%BA%95%E5%85%AC%E5%9B%BD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="诺曼底公国">诺曼底公爵</a><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96_(%E8%8B%B1%E6%A0%BC%E5%85%B0)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="威廉一世 (英格兰)">威廉</a>率軍跨海<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%AF%BA%E6%9B%BC%E5%BE%81%E6%9C%8D%E8%8B%B1%E6%A0%BC%E5%85%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="诺曼征服英格兰">征服英格兰</a>，法國文化開始影響<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%B8%8D%E5%88%97%E9%A1%9B%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="不列顛群島">不列顛群島</a>。之後在11到13世紀，法國貴族<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E5%86%9B%E4%B8%9C%E5%BE%81?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="十字军东征">十字军东征</a>运动中扮演主力角色，以致<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E4%BA%BA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="阿拉伯人">阿拉伯人</a>將十字軍稱為「法蘭克人」<sup id="cite_ref-google.fr_49-0" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-google.fr-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，法语也成為<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%BB%8E%E5%87%A1%E7%89%B9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="黎凡特">黎凡特</a>地区<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E8%BB%8D%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="十字軍國家">十字軍國家</a>的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%80%9A%E7%94%A8%E8%AF%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="通用语">通用语</a><sup id="cite_ref-google.fr_49-1" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-google.fr-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。1180年，<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%85%93%E5%8A%9B%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96_(%E6%B3%95%E8%98%AD%E8%A5%BF)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="腓力二世 (法蘭西)">腓力二世</a>登基。在他為時43年左右的統治期間，法國王室不僅取得<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%AF%BA%E6%9B%BC%E5%BA%95%E5%85%AC%E5%9B%BD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="诺曼底公国">诺曼底公国</a>和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E5%85%B0%E5%BE%B7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="佛兰德">佛兰德</a>的統治權、在<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E6%B1%B6%E6%88%98%E5%BD%B9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="布汶战役">布汶戰役</a>擊潰了<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E8%81%96%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="神聖羅馬帝國">神聖羅馬帝國</a>與<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E8%8C%B9%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="安茹帝国">安茹帝國</a>組成的聯軍。腓力二世使法國成為歐洲最強大的國家<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFloriTucker2019999_50-0" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFloriTucker2019999-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，並自稱「法蘭西國王」，而非先王們自稱的「法蘭克國王」。法國接下來在數位<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E4%BD%A9%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="卡佩王朝">卡佩王朝</a>君主的統治下愈發強大，此時期也成為法國歷史上的黃金時期之一。</p> <p>1328年2月1日，法國國王<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%9F%A5%E7%90%86%E5%9B%9B%E4%B8%96_(%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E8%A5%BF)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="查理四世 (法兰西)">查理四世</a>去世<sup id="cite_ref-guerard_51-0" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-guerard-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，其堂兄<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%85%93%E5%8A%9B%E5%85%AD%E4%B8%96_(%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E8%A5%BF)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="腓力六世 (法兰西)">腓力六世</a>依據男性子嗣的繼承慣例於不久後繼承王位，此舉雖引起查理四世的外甥<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%88%B1%E5%BE%B7%E5%8D%8E%E4%B8%89%E4%B8%96?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="爱德华三世">愛德華三世</a>的不滿，但後者仍向前者稱臣，直到1330年代雙方因蘇格蘭問題與領土爭議發生齟齬，腓力六世沒收<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%90%89%E8%80%B6%E8%AE%B7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="吉耶讷">吉耶讷</a>，愛德華三世才再次聲索法國王位，雙方爆發<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%99%BE%E5%B9%B4%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="百年戰爭">百年戰爭</a><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Encarta_53-0" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Encarta-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。戰爭前期英軍攻势凌厉，占领广阔的法兰西领土。但在第二階段，法軍在歷精圖治的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%9F%A5%E7%90%86%E4%BA%94%E4%B8%96_(%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E8%A5%BF)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="查理五世 (法兰西)">查理五世</a>和優秀將領<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%B4%9D%E7%89%B9%E6%9C%97%C2%B7%E6%9D%9C%C2%B7%E7%9B%96%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="贝特朗·杜·盖克兰">盖克兰</a>的指揮下收復故土，雙方進入停戰狀態。與此同時，<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E6%AD%BB%E7%97%85?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="黑死病">黑死病</a>也在此時肆虐西歐，横扫欧洲的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E6%AD%BB%E7%97%85?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="黑死病">黑死病</a>大大削弱了法兰西的国力，其近半数人口死于这种致命的瘟疫<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。1415年，英王<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%A8%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%94%E4%B8%96_(%E8%8B%B1%E6%A0%BC%E5%85%B0)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="亨利五世 (英格兰)">亨利五世</a>率軍再次入侵，其子在之後被立為法王，但之後<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E5%A5%B3%E8%B4%9E%E5%BE%B7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="圣女贞德">圣女贞德</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%AE%A9%C2%B7%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E8%BF%AA%E5%8A%AA%E7%93%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="让·德·迪努瓦">让·德·迪努瓦</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E5%88%97%E5%A1%94%E5%B0%BC%E5%85%AC%E7%88%B5%E9%98%BF%E8%92%82%E7%88%BE%E4%B8%89%E4%B8%96?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="布列塔尼公爵阿蒂爾三世">阿蒂爾·德·里奇蒙</a>等人指揮法軍將英軍逐步趕出法國，最後在<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%A6%8F%E5%B0%94%E7%B1%B3%E5%B0%BC%E6%88%98%E5%BD%B9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="福尔米尼战役">福爾米尼戰役</a>與<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E6%96%AF%E8%92%82%E6%B0%B8%E6%88%98%E5%BD%B9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="卡斯蒂永战役">卡斯蒂永戰役</a>取得決定性胜利。</p> <p>15世纪法国兴起<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E6%96%87%E8%89%BA%E5%A4%8D%E5%85%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法国文艺复兴">文艺复兴</a>，创造了瞩目的文化成就。法语藉由《<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E8%8E%B1%E7%A7%91%E7%89%B9%E9%9B%B7%E6%B3%95%E4%BB%A4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="维莱科特雷法令">维莱科特雷法令</a>》取代拉丁语成为法兰西的官方语言，随后又风靡于欧洲上层社会。文艺复兴时期，法兰西与他国的战争并未停歇，1494年至1559年法兰西围绕意大利地区同<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="西班牙帝國">西班牙帝國</a>與<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E5%9C%A3%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="神圣罗马帝国">神圣罗马帝国</a>发生多次武装冲突，史称<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="意大利战争">意大利战争</a>。<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="宗教改革">宗教改革</a>同样影响法国。在法兰西，<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%9B%A8%E6%A0%BC%E8%AF%BA%E6%B4%BE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="雨格诺派">雨格诺派</a>是<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E6%95%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="新教">新教</a>势力的代表，雨格诺派与天主教会的争斗引发<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法国宗教战争">宗教战争</a>，这期间发生臭名昭著的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E5%B7%B4%E6%89%98%E6%B4%9B%E7%BC%AA%E5%A4%A7%E5%B1%A0%E6%9D%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="圣巴托洛缪大屠杀">圣巴托洛缪大屠杀</a>，数千名雨格诺派信徒丧命<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="波旁王政"><span id=".E6.B3.A2.E6.97.81.E7.8E.8B.E6.94.BF"></span>波旁王政</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&section=5&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="编辑章节：波旁王政" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>编辑</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Louis_le_Grand;_Rigaud_Hyacinthe.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Louis_le_Grand%3B_Rigaud_Hyacinthe.jpg/170px-Louis_le_Grand%3B_Rigaud_Hyacinthe.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="270" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1589"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 270px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Louis_le_Grand%3B_Rigaud_Hyacinthe.jpg/170px-Louis_le_Grand%3B_Rigaud_Hyacinthe.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="270" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Louis_le_Grand%3B_Rigaud_Hyacinthe.jpg/255px-Louis_le_Grand%3B_Rigaud_Hyacinthe.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Louis_le_Grand%3B_Rigaud_Hyacinthe.jpg/340px-Louis_le_Grand%3B_Rigaud_Hyacinthe.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%B7%AF%E6%98%93%E5%8D%81%E5%9B%9B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="路易十四">“太阳王”路易十四</a>统治期间实行<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%90%9B%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%93%E5%88%B6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="君主专制">君主专制</a>，自稱“<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%9C%95%E5%8D%B3%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="朕即國家">朕即國家</a>”。此时期法国成为欧洲的头号强国 </figcaption> </figure> <p>1589年，<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E4%BD%A9%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="卡佩王朝">卡佩王朝</a>的後裔<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%BA%B3%E7%93%A6%E6%8B%89%E5%9B%BD%E7%8E%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="纳瓦拉国王">纳瓦拉国王</a><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%A8%E5%88%A9%E5%9B%9B%E4%B8%96_(%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E8%A5%BF)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="亨利四世 (法兰西)">亨利</a>继承法国王位，称亨利四世，开启<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E6%97%81%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="波旁王朝">波旁王朝</a>的统治。1598年亨利四世颁布《<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E7%89%B9%E6%95%95%E4%BB%A4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="南特敕令">南特敕令</a>》，肯定雨格诺派的合法性，宗教分裂的乱局一度终结。<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%A4%A7%E5%8F%91%E7%8E%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="地理大发现">地理大发现</a>后，<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="新大陆">新大陆</a>亦出现法国探险家的身影，例如<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%9B%85%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E5%8D%A1%E8%92%82%E5%9F%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="雅克·卡蒂埃">雅克·卡蒂埃</a>和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%90%A8%E7%BC%AA%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%B0%9A%E6%99%AE%E5%85%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="萨缪尔·德·尚普兰">萨米埃尔·德尚普兰</a>。根植于法国探险家的探索与皮毛贸易活动，法国殖民者在<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="北美洲">北美洲</a>开拓广大的殖民地，是为<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E6%B3%95%E8%98%AD%E8%A5%BF?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="新法蘭西">新法兰西</a>。<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%B7%AF%E6%98%93%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%89?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="路易十三">路易十三</a>统治时期，在宰相<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%BB%8E%E5%A1%9E%E7%95%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="黎塞留">黎塞留</a>主导下，法国国力日益强盛，在欧洲的影响力也空前加强，並加入了<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%8D%81%E5%B9%B4%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="三十年戰爭">三十年戰爭</a>取得最終的勝利。路易十三的继承者<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%B7%AF%E6%98%93%E5%8D%81%E5%9B%9B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="路易十四">路易十四</a>年幼时，法国由<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E5%9C%B0%E5%88%A9%E7%9A%84%E5%AE%89%E5%A6%AE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="奥地利的安妮">安妮王太后</a>和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%89%8E%E7%84%B6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="马扎然">马扎然</a>摄政。此时段发生反对<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%90%9B%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%93%E5%88%B6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="君主专制">君主专制</a>的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%8A%95%E7%9F%B3%E9%BB%A8%E4%B9%8B%E4%BA%82?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="投石黨之亂">投石党乱</a>，而当时法国正<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%A5%BF%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89_(1635%E5%B9%B4%EF%BC%8D1659%E5%B9%B4)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="法西战争 (1635年－1659年)">与西班牙交战</a>，法国一度面临内忧外患。投石党乱平息后，法兰西贵族势力不再对王权构成威胁，这为随后路易十四时期君主专制的空前加强打下基础。而在法國名將<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%92%82%E9%9B%B7%E7%B4%8D%E5%AD%90%E7%88%B5%E4%BA%A8%E5%88%A9%C2%B7%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E6%8B%89%E5%9C%96%E7%88%BE%E5%A4%9A%E9%9F%8B%E6%B6%85?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="蒂雷納子爵亨利·德·拉圖爾多韋涅">蒂雷納子爵</a>率軍戰勝<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="西班牙帝國">西班牙帝國</a>後，法兰西王国的国力于路易十四统治期间达至巅峰，成為無可爭議的歐洲霸權。路易十四把大贵族集中在<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%87%A1%E5%B0%94%E8%B5%9B%E5%AE%AB?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="凡尔赛宫">凡尔赛宫</a>居住，将整个法国的官僚机构集中于他的周围，<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E6%B2%BB?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="人治">人治</a>不可挑战。路易十四统治期间的法國，不僅是欧洲第一的人口大国，更是當時歐洲的陸海雙料霸權，在欧洲政治、经济和文化上的地位举足轻重。法语成为欧洲上层社会首崇的语言，在外交、科学和文学上皆为最为通用之语言，直至20世纪才渐为<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="英语">英语</a>取代<sup id="cite_ref-Language_and_Diplomacy_57-0" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Language_and_Diplomacy-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。法国在美洲、非洲和亚洲都拥有殖民地，称为<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E8%A5%BF%E6%AE%96%E6%B0%91%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="法兰西殖民帝国">法兰西第一殖民帝国</a>。宗教方面，路易十四撕毁《南特敕令》，囚禁上千名雨格诺派信徒，维护天主教支配地位。</p> <p>路易十四的曾孙<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%B7%AF%E6%98%93%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%94?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="路易十五">路易十五</a>继承了太阳王的王位，沿用其君主专制。法国的霸主地位在路易十四统治后期的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99%E7%8E%8B%E4%BD%8D%E7%B9%BC%E6%89%BF%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="西班牙王位繼承戰爭">西班牙王位繼承戰爭</a>开始动摇，法國宰相<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E5%8B%92%E9%87%8C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="弗勒里">弗勒里</a>休養生息，成功使得法國於<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%85%B0%E7%8E%8B%E4%BD%8D%E7%BB%A7%E6%89%BF%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="波兰王位继承战争">波兰王位继承战争</a>後再度成為歐洲第一強國。但法国在<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%B8%83%E5%B9%B4%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="七年战争">七年战争</a>（1754年－1763年）中战败，失去在<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E6%B3%95%E8%98%AD%E8%A5%BF?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="新法蘭西">美洲</a>和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%B1%9E%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="法属印度">印度</a>的广大殖民地。不过，法国在欧洲的领地不减反增，<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B4%9B%E6%9E%97?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="洛林">洛林</a>和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E8%A5%BF%E5%98%89%E5%B2%9B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="科西嘉岛">科西嘉岛</a>分别在1766年和1770年成为法国的一部分。此時法國龐大的稅務問題開始加劇，財政嚴重入不敷出，他死后15年，法国即爆发反对君主制的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法国大革命">大革命</a><sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%B7%AF%E6%98%93%E5%8D%81%E5%85%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="路易十六">路易十六</a>是路易十五之孙，他以大量资金與派遣艦隊支持<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E7%8B%AC%E7%AB%8B%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="美国独立战争">美国独立</a>，酿成财政危机，为大革命埋下祸根。路易十六统治时期，<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%90%AF%E8%92%99%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="启蒙时代">启蒙思潮兴起</a>，法国科学家也创造有科学成就——1778年<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E6%89%98%E4%B8%87%C2%B7%E6%8B%89%E7%93%A6%E9%94%A1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="安托万·拉瓦锡">安托万·拉瓦锡</a>发现<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B0%A7%E6%B0%94?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="氧气">氧气</a>；1783年<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%AD%9F%E6%A0%BC%E8%8F%B2%E5%85%84%E5%BC%9F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="孟格菲兄弟">孟格菲兄弟</a>发明<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%83%AD%E6%B0%94%E7%90%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="热气球">载人热气球</a>。法国探险家<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%B7%AF%E6%98%93%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%AE%89%E4%B8%9C%E5%B0%BC%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E5%B9%B2%E7%BB%B4%E5%B0%94?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="路易斯·安东尼·布干维尔">路易·安托万·布干维尔</a>和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E5%BD%BC%E9%B2%81%E5%85%B9%E4%BC%AF%E7%88%B5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="拉彼鲁兹伯爵">拉彼鲁兹伯爵</a>参与全球航行与地理勘探。启蒙思潮宣扬<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%90%86%E6%80%A7%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="理性主义">理性主义</a>，主张将理性主义作为统治<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%90%88%E6%B3%95%E6%80%A7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="合法性">合法性</a>和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%9D%83%E5%A8%81?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="权威">权威性</a>的来源和判断标准，这动摇了法国君主专制的思想根基。</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="大革命與拿破崙"><span id=".E5.A4.A7.E9.9D.A9.E5.91.BD.E8.88.87.E6.8B.BF.E7.A0.B4.E5.B4.99"></span>大革命與拿破崙</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&section=6&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="编辑章节：大革命與拿破崙" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>编辑</span> </a> </span> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> 参见：<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法国大革命">法国大革命</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E8%A5%BF%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法兰西第一共和国">法兰西第一共和国</a>和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E8%A5%BF%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法兰西第一帝国">法兰西第一帝国</a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Prise_de_la_Bastille.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Prise_de_la_Bastille.jpg/220px-Prise_de_la_Bastille.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="8133" data-file-height="6181"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 167px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Prise_de_la_Bastille.jpg/220px-Prise_de_la_Bastille.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="167" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Prise_de_la_Bastille.jpg/330px-Prise_de_la_Bastille.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Prise_de_la_Bastille.jpg/440px-Prise_de_la_Bastille.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> 1789年7月14日，<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法国大革命">法国革命者</a><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%94%BB%E5%8D%A0%E5%B7%B4%E5%A3%AB%E5%BA%95%E7%8B%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="攻占巴士底狱">攻占巴士底狱</a> </figcaption> </figure> <p>为寻求解决财政问题，法王<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%B7%AF%E6%98%93%E5%8D%81%E5%85%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="路易十六">路易十六</a>于1789年5月召开<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1789%E5%B9%B4%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E4%B8%89%E7%BA%A7%E4%BC%9A%E8%AE%AE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1789年法国三级会议">三级会议</a>，但会议很快陷入僵局。第三等级<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E6%B0%91?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="平民">平民</a>的代表对于自身权利不满，自行组织<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E6%B0%91%E8%AD%B0%E6%9C%83_(%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E5%A4%A7%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="國民議會 (法國大革命)">国民议会</a>，公开反对王权权威。数日内局势紧张，巴黎陷入暴动。7月14日，愤怒的示威者攻占了法国王权的象征<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%A3%AB%E5%BA%95%E7%8B%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="巴士底狱">巴士底狱</a>。7月14日被视作<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法国大革命">法国大革命</a>爆发的标志，这一天随后被定为<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E5%BA%86%E6%97%A5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="法国国庆日">法国国庆日</a>。8月26日，《<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E6%9D%83%E5%92%8C%E5%85%AC%E6%B0%91%E6%9D%83%E5%AE%A3%E8%A8%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="人权和公民权宣言">人权宣言</a>》颁布，这是法国大革命的纲领性文件。法国试图据此确立基本的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E6%9D%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="人权">人权</a>。宣言强调“<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="自由">自由</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%B4%A2%E4%BA%A7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="财产">财产</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="安全">安全</a>和反抗压迫是天赋不可剥夺的人权”，肯定<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%A8%80%E8%AE%BA%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="言论自由">言论自由</a>以及<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8F%B8%E6%B3%95%E5%85%AC%E6%AD%A3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="司法公正">司法公正</a>。它呼吁废止王室与贵族的特权，主张人人生而自由平等。1791年6月20日，<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%B7%AF%E6%98%93%E5%8D%81%E5%85%AD%E7%9A%84%E5%87%BA%E9%80%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="路易十六的出逃">路易十六出逃</a>，打破了民众对于君主立宪的幻想。尽管路易十六随后同意签署新宪法实行<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%90%9B%E4%B8%BB%E7%AB%8B%E5%AE%AA%E5%88%B6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="君主立宪制">君主立宪</a>，多数民众自此开始倾向废除君主制、建立共和国。然而废除君主或是削弱王权的尝试均遭到欧洲其他国家的反对，奥地利和普鲁士国王发表《<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%9A%AE%E5%B0%94%E5%B0%BC%E8%8C%A8%E5%AE%A3%E8%A8%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="皮尔尼茨宣言">皮尔尼茨宣言</a>》以警告革命者不要进一步侵犯路易十六的权力。1792年4月20日，法国对奥地利宣战，<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法国大革命战争">法国大革命战争</a>爆发。战争期间法国国内暴乱接连不断，8月10日，民众攻占<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%9D%9C%E4%BC%8A%E5%8B%92%E9%87%8C%E5%AE%AB?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="杜伊勒里宫">杜伊勒里宫</a>，拘禁国王、王后<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%B9%9D%E6%9C%88%E5%B1%A0%E6%9D%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="九月屠杀">九月屠杀</a>随后发生<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。9月22日，<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E8%A5%BF%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法兰西第一共和国">法兰西第一共和国</a>成立。1793年，路易十六被判<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8F%9B%E5%9B%BD%E7%BD%AA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="叛国罪">叛国</a>，走上了<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%96%AD%E5%A4%B4%E5%8F%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="断头台">断头台</a>。</p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Jacques-Louis_David_-_The_Emperor_Napoleon_in_His_Study_at_the_Tuileries_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Jacques-Louis_David_-_The_Emperor_Napoleon_in_His_Study_at_the_Tuileries_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/170px-Jacques-Louis_David_-_The_Emperor_Napoleon_in_His_Study_at_the_Tuileries_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="284" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3079" data-file-height="5135"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 284px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Jacques-Louis_David_-_The_Emperor_Napoleon_in_His_Study_at_the_Tuileries_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/170px-Jacques-Louis_David_-_The_Emperor_Napoleon_in_His_Study_at_the_Tuileries_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="284" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Jacques-Louis_David_-_The_Emperor_Napoleon_in_His_Study_at_the_Tuileries_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/255px-Jacques-Louis_David_-_The_Emperor_Napoleon_in_His_Study_at_the_Tuileries_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Jacques-Louis_David_-_The_Emperor_Napoleon_in_His_Study_at_the_Tuileries_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/340px-Jacques-Louis_David_-_The_Emperor_Napoleon_in_His_Study_at_the_Tuileries_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> 1804年称帝的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%8B%BF%E7%A0%B4%E4%BB%91%C2%B7%E6%B3%A2%E6%8B%BF%E5%B7%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="拿破仑·波拿巴">拿破仑·波拿巴</a>。他通过一连串的军事征服，建立<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E8%A5%BF%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法兰西第一帝国">庞大的帝国</a>，传播了法国的革命理念和法治思想 </figcaption> </figure> <p>新生的共和国面临内忧外患——欧洲列强不断施加压力，国内反革命暴亂不断。1792年4月20日，法國對<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%93%88%E5%B8%83%E6%96%AF%E5%A0%A1%E5%90%9B%E4%B8%BB%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="哈布斯堡君主國">哈布斯堡君主國</a>統治者<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E6%9C%97%E8%8C%A8%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96_(%E7%A5%9E%E5%9C%A3%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="弗朗茨二世 (神圣罗马帝国)">弗朗茨二世</a>宣戰<span id="noteTag-cite_ref-sup"><sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>註 17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span>，大革命戰爭爆發。戰爭初期法軍的表現不佳，聯軍看似很快能贏得這場戰爭，但在<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%93%A6%E7%88%BE%E5%AF%86%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="瓦爾密戰役">瓦爾密戰役</a>後局勢轉變，法軍開始在各個戰線出擊，征服了<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E5%B1%AC%E5%B0%BC%E5%BE%B7%E8%98%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="奧屬尼德蘭">比利時</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%90%8A%E8%8C%B5%E8%98%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="萊茵蘭">萊茵蘭</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%96%A9%E4%BC%8F%E4%BE%9D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="薩伏依">薩伏依</a>等地區。1793年，法國對<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="荷蘭共和國">荷蘭</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E4%B8%8D%E5%88%97%E9%A2%A0%E5%8F%8A%E7%88%B1%E5%B0%94%E5%85%B0%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E7%8E%8B%E5%9B%BD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="大不列颠及爱尔兰联合王国">英國</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="西班牙">西班牙</a>宣戰，但此時局勢再次對法國不利。同年9月，<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E4%BC%AF%E6%96%AF%E5%BA%87%E5%B0%94?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="罗伯斯庇尔">罗伯斯庇尔</a>建立专政统治，称为<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%9B%85%E5%90%84%E5%AE%BE%E4%B8%93%E6%94%BF?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="雅各宾专政">雅各宾专政</a>。1793年至1794年，有16,000至40,000人被处决；法国西部，“蓝党”（Bleus，革命支持者）与“白党”（Blancs，君主制支持者）的冲突不断<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-hussenet_64-0" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-hussenet-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。而後法軍頒布總體戰令，到1795年年初不僅再次征服比利時，還佔領<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="荷蘭">荷蘭</a>與<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%90%8A%E8%8C%B5%E6%B2%B3%E5%B7%A6%E5%B2%B8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="萊茵河左岸">萊茵河左岸</a>，同年<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E9%AD%AF%E5%A3%AB%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="普魯士王國">普魯士</a>、荷蘭、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="西班牙">西班牙</a>退出戰爭。1796年，三個法國軍團向奧地利本土進攻，僅有<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%8B%BF%E7%A0%B4%E4%BB%91%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="拿破仑一世">拿破崙·波拿巴</a>的義大利軍團擊敗敵軍，向<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E4%B9%9F%E7%B4%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="維也納">維也納</a>進軍迫使奧地利人休戰，在1797年10月17日簽訂《<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%9D%8E%E6%B3%A2%E7%A6%8F%E7%88%BE%E7%B1%B3%E5%A5%A7%E6%A2%9D%E7%B4%84?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="坎波福爾米奧條約">坎波福爾米奧條約</a>》。</p> <p>法國控制西歐與南歐後將目光轉向<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E5%8F%8A?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="埃及">埃及</a>，在1798年派出部隊征服埃及。同年新的反法同盟被組建起來，東歐強權<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="俄羅斯帝國">俄羅斯</a>也加入對法戰爭。法軍在戰爭初期征服<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%82%A3%E4%B8%8D%E5%8B%92%E6%96%AF?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="那不勒斯">那不勒斯</a>後，就在各個戰線不斷挫敗，但隨著俄軍在<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E8%98%87%E9%BB%8E%E4%B8%96%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="第二次蘇黎世戰役">蘇黎世的慘敗</a>與聯軍在荷蘭的失利，法國避免了被入侵的絕境。1799年11月，自埃及歸國的拿破崙發動<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%9C%A7%E6%9C%88%E6%94%BF%E8%AE%8A?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="霧月政變">霧月政變</a>成為第一執政，在隔年6月的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E5%80%AB%E6%88%88%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="馬倫戈戰役">馬倫戈戰役</a>取得勝利，重新控制北義大利。德意志地區的法軍也在12月2日贏得<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%9C%8D%E6%81%A9%E6%9E%97%E7%99%BB%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="霍恩林登戰役">霍恩林登戰役</a>，第二次反法同盟失利。1801年2月9日，法奧雙方簽訂《<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%91%82%E5%85%A7%E7%B6%AD%E7%88%BE%E6%A2%9D%E7%B4%84?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="呂內維爾條約">呂內維爾條約</a>》；1802年3月25日，法國與英國簽訂《<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E7%9C%A0%E5%92%8C%E7%B4%84?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="亞眠和約">亞眠和約</a>》，法國大革命戰爭結束。</p> <p>1804年，拿破崙加冕為帝。1805年，拿破崙先在<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%83%8F%E7%88%BE%E5%A7%86%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="烏爾姆戰役">烏爾姆戰役</a>殲滅奧軍大部，再在<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E9%87%8C%E8%8C%A8%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="奧斯特里茨戰役">奧斯特里茨戰役</a>擊敗俄奧聯軍，大破<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E6%AC%A1%E5%8F%8D%E6%B3%95%E5%90%8C%E7%9B%9F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="第三次反法同盟">第三次反法同盟</a>。1806年，拿破崙在<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E6%8B%BF-%E5%A5%A7%E7%88%BE%E6%96%BD%E6%B3%B0%E7%89%B9%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="耶拿-奧爾施泰特戰役">耶拿戰役</a>擊敗普軍<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%9F%8F%E6%9E%97%E9%99%B7%E8%90%BD_(1806%E5%B9%B4)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="柏林陷落 (1806年)">攻佔柏林</a>，然後在<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E8%98%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="波蘭">波蘭</a>地區與俄軍鏖戰，於1807年夏在<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E5%BE%B7%E8%98%AD%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="弗里德蘭戰役">弗里德蘭戰役</a>大破俄軍。1808年，拿破崙率軍入侵西班牙。1809年，拿破崙再次攻佔<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E4%B9%9F%E7%B4%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="維也納">維也納</a>，然後在<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%93%A6%E6%A0%BC%E6%8B%89%E5%A7%86%E6%88%98%E5%BD%B9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="瓦格拉姆战役">瓦格拉姆戰役</a>擊敗奧軍主力。1812年，拿破崙因「<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%86%E5%B0%81%E9%94%81?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="大陆封锁">大陆封锁</a>」問題對俄宣戰，然因俄軍<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%84%A6%E5%9C%9F%E6%88%B0%E7%95%A5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="焦土戰略">焦土戰略</a>與補給問題敗，帝國根基動搖。之後，聯軍組建<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E5%85%AD%E6%AC%A1%E5%8F%8D%E6%B3%95%E5%90%8C%E7%9B%9F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="第六次反法同盟">第六次反法同盟</a>發動反攻，拿破崙屢勝卻難掩頹勢，於1814年退位。1815年拿破崙歸國，但在<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%BB%91%E9%90%B5%E7%9B%A7%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="滑鐵盧戰役">滑鐵盧戰役</a>後再次被流放，於1821年在<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E8%B5%AB%E5%8B%92%E6%8B%BF?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="圣赫勒拿">聖赫勒拿島</a>病逝。</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="政權更迭"><span id=".E6.94.BF.E6.AC.8A.E6.9B.B4.E8.BF.AD"></span>政權更迭</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&section=7&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="编辑章节：政權更迭" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>编辑</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>拿破崙退位後，<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E6%97%81%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="波旁王朝">波旁王朝</a>復辟。1830年，波旁王朝<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%B8%83%E6%9C%88%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="七月革命">再度被推翻</a>，<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%B8%83%E6%9C%88%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="七月王朝">七月王朝</a>建立。1848年，<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1848%E5%B9%B4%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1848年革命">欧洲掀起革命浪潮</a>，七月王朝未能幸免，被<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E4%BA%8C%E6%9C%88%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法國二月革命">二月革命</a>推翻，随后<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E8%A5%BF%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="法兰西第二共和国">第二共和国</a>建立。第二共和国政府重启第一共和时期的改革，再次废除<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%A5%B4%E9%9A%B6%E5%88%B6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="奴隶制">奴隶制</a>，并推行<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E9%81%B8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="普選">普选</a>。1852年<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%9F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法国总统">总统</a><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%8B%BF%E7%A0%B4%E4%BB%91%E4%B8%89%E4%B8%96?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="拿破仑三世">路易-拿破仑·波拿巴</a>（拿破仑之侄）称帝成为“拿破仑三世”，建立<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E8%A5%BF%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="法兰西第二帝国">法兰西第二帝国</a>。拿破仑三世希望提升国际地位，参与和主導多场战争，如<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E9%87%8C%E7%B1%B3%E4%BA%9A%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="克里米亚战争">克里米亚战争</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E6%AD%A6%E8%A3%85%E5%B9%B2%E6%B6%89%E5%A2%A8%E8%A5%BF%E5%93%A5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="法国武装干涉墨西哥">法墨战争</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E7%8B%AC%E7%AB%8B%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="第二次意大利独立战争">第二次意大利独立战争</a>。在意大利，法国吞并原属<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%92%92%E4%B8%81%E7%8E%8B%E5%9B%BD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="撒丁王国">撒丁王国</a>的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%90%A8%E4%BC%8F%E4%BE%9D%E5%85%AC%E5%9B%BD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="萨伏依公国">萨伏依</a>和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="尼斯">尼斯</a>，得到领土利益。1870年<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E6%B3%95%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="普法战争">普法战争</a>法国战败，御驾亲征的拿破仑三世黯然下台。新建的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E8%A5%BF%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法兰西第三共和国">共和政府</a>挫败巴黎的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E9%BB%8E%E5%85%AC%E7%A4%BE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="巴黎公社">无产阶级公社起事</a>，建立较为稳定的共和政权，史称<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E8%A5%BF%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法兰西第三共和国">第三共和</a>。此时期欧洲步入<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="新帝国主义">新帝国主义</a>时期，法国也参与欧洲列强在全球范围内对于殖民地和势力范围的争夺。19世纪至20世纪，法国夺得幅员辽阔的殖民地（尤其在<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="非洲">非洲</a>），建立领土遍布全球的殖民帝国，仅次于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%8B%B1%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="大英帝国">大英帝国</a>。在20世纪20年代至30年代，法国的领土面积达到1,300万平方公里，占世界总陆地面积的8.6%。在19世纪与20世纪之交，法国国内和国际局势趋于稳定，经济获得长足发展，科学技术和文化事业也日臻成熟，<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%A8%82%E8%A7%80%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="樂觀主義">乐观主义</a>成为社会的一种现象。这段时期被称为“<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%A5%BD%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="美好年代">美好年代</a>”（Belle Époque）。1905年法国通过法案完成<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E6%95%99%E5%88%86%E7%A6%BB?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="政教分离">政教分离</a>。</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="第一次世界大戰"><span id=".E7.AC.AC.E4.B8.80.E6.AC.A1.E4.B8.96.E7.95.8C.E5.A4.A7.E6.88.B0"></span>第一次世界大戰</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&section=8&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="编辑章节：第一次世界大戰" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>编辑</span> </a> </span> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> 参见：<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="第一次世界大戰">第一次世界大戰</a> </div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:The_Battle_of_the_Somme,_July-november_1916_Q4530.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/The_Battle_of_the_Somme%2C_July-november_1916_Q4530.jpg/230px-The_Battle_of_the_Somme%2C_July-november_1916_Q4530.jpg" decoding="async" width="230" height="185" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="645"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 230px;height: 185px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/The_Battle_of_the_Somme%2C_July-november_1916_Q4530.jpg/230px-The_Battle_of_the_Somme%2C_July-november_1916_Q4530.jpg" data-width="230" data-height="185" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/The_Battle_of_the_Somme%2C_July-november_1916_Q4530.jpg/345px-The_Battle_of_the_Somme%2C_July-november_1916_Q4530.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/The_Battle_of_the_Somme%2C_July-november_1916_Q4530.jpg/460px-The_Battle_of_the_Somme%2C_July-november_1916_Q4530.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="第一次世界大战">第一次世界大战</a>中的法軍士兵 </figcaption> </figure> <p>1914年8月，<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="第一次世界大戰">第一次世界大戰</a>爆發，<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E6%84%8F%E5%BF%97%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="德意志帝國">德意志帝國</a>駐法大使<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E9%A6%AE%C2%B7%E8%88%8D%E6%81%A9&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="威廉·馮·舍恩（页面不存在）">威廉·馮·舍恩</a>遞交對法宣戰書，德軍開始實行戰略進攻計畫「<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%96%BD%E9%87%8C%E8%8A%AC%E8%AE%A1%E5%88%92?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="施里芬计划">施里芬計畫</a>」，經<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BD%8E%E5%9C%B0%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="低地国家">低地地區</a>入侵法國<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDoughty200853_65-0" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDoughty200853-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。戰爭初期，德軍攻勢凌厲，直到在<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%AC%A1%E9%A6%AC%E6%81%A9%E6%B2%B3%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="第一次馬恩河戰役">第一次馬恩河戰役</a>被法軍擊敗。之後，雙方經歷一系列的運動戰後，開始挖掘戰壕轉變成對峙的塹壕戰。1915年，法軍對德軍陣線發動一系列成效不彰的攻勢，損耗不少法軍的有生力量。1916年2月，德軍對<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%87%A1%E7%88%BE%E7%99%BB%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="凡爾登戰役">凡爾登進攻</a>，雙方對主要要塞發動多次來回爭奪。7月，法國與英國發動<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%B4%A2%E5%A7%86%E6%B2%B3%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="索姆河戰役">索姆河攻勢</a>。1916年末，<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%87%A1%E7%88%BE%E7%99%BB%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="凡爾登戰役">凡爾登戰役</a>與<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%B4%A2%E5%A7%86%E6%B2%B3%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="索姆河戰役">索姆河戰役</a>結束。1917年，法國又發動一次大型攻勢，但被德軍良好的防禦擊敗。1918年初，德軍發動<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%9A%87%E5%B8%9D%E6%9C%83%E6%88%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="皇帝會戰">皇帝會戰</a>，兵鋒直指<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E9%BB%8E?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="巴黎">巴黎</a>，但被法軍在<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E9%A6%AC%E6%81%A9%E6%B2%B3%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="第二次馬恩河戰役">第二次馬恩河戰役</a>擊敗。下半年，法國元帥<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%B2%BB%E8%BF%AA%E5%8D%97%C2%B7%E7%A6%8F%E7%85%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="費迪南·福煦">福煦</a>發動<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%99%BE%E6%97%A5%E6%94%BB%E5%8B%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="百日攻勢">百日攻勢</a>，第一次世界大戰結束。法國作為<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%94%E7%B4%84%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="協約國">協約國</a>的主力部隊，以惨痛的代价赢得胜利。124万名法军士兵丧命，占法国总人口的4%<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，其中在1912年至1915年间征召的士兵有27%－30%的死亡率<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="戰間期至第二次世界大戰"><span id=".E6.88.B0.E9.96.93.E6.9C.9F.E8.87.B3.E7.AC.AC.E4.BA.8C.E6.AC.A1.E4.B8.96.E7.95.8C.E5.A4.A7.E6.88.B0"></span>戰間期至第二次世界大戰</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&section=9&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="编辑章节：戰間期至第二次世界大戰" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>编辑</span> </a> </span> </div> <p><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%88%98%E9%97%B4%E6%9C%9F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="战间期">战间期</a>法国左翼政治联盟<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E9%98%B5%E7%BA%BF_(%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="人民阵线 (法国)">人民阵线</a>曾赢得立法选举，得以在全国推行多项改革，包括<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%B9%B4%E5%81%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="年假">年假</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%85%AB%E5%B0%8F%E6%97%B6%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%E5%88%B6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="八小时工作制">八小时工作制</a>和妇女参政等。</p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:De_Gaulle-OWI.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/De_Gaulle-OWI.jpg/170px-De_Gaulle-OWI.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="251" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2480" data-file-height="3663"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 251px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/De_Gaulle-OWI.jpg/170px-De_Gaulle-OWI.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="251" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/De_Gaulle-OWI.jpg/255px-De_Gaulle-OWI.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/De_Gaulle-OWI.jpg/340px-De_Gaulle-OWI.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%A4%8F%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E6%88%B4%E9%AB%98%E4%B9%90?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="夏尔·戴高乐">夏尔·戴高乐</a>是法国20世纪的关键人物，他是<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="第二次世界大战">第二次世界大战</a>期间<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="自由法国">自由法国运动</a>的领袖，也是后来的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%9F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法国总统">法国总统</a>。戴高乐在总统任期（1959－1969）内着手实行<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8E%BB%E6%AE%96%E6%B0%91%E5%8C%96?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="去殖民化">去殖民化</a>政策，平息“<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E6%9C%88%E9%A3%8E%E6%9A%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="五月风暴">五月风暴</a>”运动，并保住法国在战后的大国地位 </figcaption> </figure> <p>1940年<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="第二次世界大战">第二次世界大战</a>期间，法军雖在比利時的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%BC%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9_(1940%E5%B9%B4)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="阿尼戰役 (1940年)">阿尼戰役</a>及<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%AE%93%E5%B8%83%E7%9B%A7%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9_(1940%E5%B9%B4)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="讓布盧戰役 (1940年)">讓布盧戰役</a>暫時遲滯德軍，但最終没能阻挡住<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%BA%B3%E7%B2%B9%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="纳粹德国">纳粹德国</a>的凌厉攻势，1940年6月22日<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法國戰役">本土宣告沦陷</a>，<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%98%AD%E8%A5%BF%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="法蘭西第三共和國">第三共和国</a>滅亡<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。1940年7月10日，國會决定将權力移交給老元帅<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%8F%B2%E5%88%A9%E6%99%AE%C2%B7%E8%B2%9D%E7%95%B6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="菲利普·貝當">菲利普·貝當</a><span id="noteTag-cite_ref-sup"><sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>註 18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span>，法国本土被德国划分为北方的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98%E5%BE%B7%E5%8D%A0%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E5%86%9B%E4%BA%8B%E7%AE%A1%E8%BE%96%E5%8C%BA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="第二次世界大战德占法国军事管辖区">军事管辖区</a>和南方的自由地区，其中自由地区由贝当政府统治，政府设在<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%B8%8C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="维希">维希</a>，故名“<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%B8%8C%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="维希法国">维希政权</a>”，正式國名為法蘭西國（l'État français），受德国控制，實施了一連串壓制言論自由的舉措；除了政治層面以外，亦加强国家对经济、宗教与社會等各层面的管控。法国的国家格言更从“自由、平等、博愛”被置換成了“勞動、家庭、祖國”（Travail, Famille, Patrie）。<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%A4%8F%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E6%88%B4%E9%AB%98%E4%B9%90?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="夏尔·戴高乐">夏尔·戴高乐</a>领导<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="自由法国">自由法国运动</a><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E6%8A%B5%E6%8A%97%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="法国抵抗运动">继续抵抗</a>，并在伦敦设立有流亡政府<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。自1942年至1944年，大约160,000名法国公民（其中有约75,000名<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="犹太人">犹太人</a>）被送往在德国和波兰的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%81%AD%E7%BB%9D%E8%90%A5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="灭绝营">灭绝营</a>和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%9B%86%E4%B8%AD%E8%90%A5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="集中营">集中营</a><sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。1944年6月6日，<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E7%9B%9F%E5%9C%8B_(%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="同盟國 (第二次世界大戰)">盟军</a><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%AF%BA%E6%9B%BC%E5%BA%95%E7%99%BB%E9%99%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="诺曼底登陆">在诺曼底登陆</a>，而<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="自由法國">自由法國</a>8月發動<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%BE%8D%E9%A8%8E%E5%85%B5%E8%A1%8C%E5%8B%95?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="龍騎兵行動">龍騎兵行動</a>解放南法。翌年法国解放，戴高乐成立<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E8%A5%BF%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E4%B8%B4%E6%97%B6%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="法兰西共和国临时政府">法兰西共和国临时政府</a>接管法国本土，<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%AC%A7%E4%BC%9A%E6%88%98?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="中欧会战">继续与德国交战</a>，并着手清算通敌者。临时政府亦推行了一些改革，包括给予女性选举权和建立<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E4%BF%9D%E9%9A%9C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="社会保障">社会保障</a>系统等。</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="解放到現代法國"><span id=".E8.A7.A3.E6.94.BE.E5.88.B0.E7.8F.BE.E4.BB.A3.E6.B3.95.E5.9C.8B"></span>解放到現代法國</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&section=10&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="编辑章节：解放到現代法國" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>编辑</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>战后临时政府实施新宪法，建立<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E8%A5%BF%E7%AC%AC%E5%9B%9B%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法兰西第四共和国">法兰西第四共和国</a>，同时法国是1949年建立的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%A4%A7%E8%A5%BF%E6%B4%8B%E5%85%AC%E7%BA%A6%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="北大西洋公约组织">北大西洋公约组织</a>的创始成员。在<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E6%94%AF%E9%82%A3%E5%8D%8A%E5%B2%9B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="印度支那半岛">印度支那半岛</a>，法军试图恢复<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%B1%9E%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E6%94%AF%E9%82%A3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="法属印度支那">殖民统治</a>，但在最終於<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%AC%A1%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E6%94%AF%E9%82%A3%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="第一次印度支那戰爭">第一次印度支那戰爭</a>中失利，败给<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97%E7%8B%AC%E7%AB%8B%E5%90%8C%E7%9B%9F%E4%BC%9A?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="越南独立同盟会">越南独立同盟会</a>。在<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E5%8F%8A%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="阿尔及利亚">阿尔及利亚</a>，<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E5%8F%8A%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="阿尔及利亚战争">法国亦陷入反殖民战争泥潭</a>。法国国内政局受阿尔及利亚危机影响，冲突不断，关于是否继续控制这个有<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E8%84%9A?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="黑脚">超过100万欧洲人定居</a><sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>的北非本土省的争议，使内战险些上演<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</p> <p>1958年，法國政局动荡，內閣更換頻繁，加上<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E5%8F%8A%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="阿尔及利亚战争">阿爾及利亞獨立戰爭</a>拖累国力受损。当年5月，部分軍官在<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E7%88%BE%E5%8F%8A%E7%88%BE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="阿爾及爾">阿爾及爾</a>發起<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="五月十三日政變" data-lang-code="fr" data-lang-name="法语" data-foreign-title="Coup d'État du 13 mai 1958"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%94%E6%9C%88%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%89%E6%97%A5%E6%94%BF%E8%AE%8A&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="五月十三日政變（页面不存在）">五月十三日政變</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">法语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coup_d%2527%25C3%2589tat_du_13_mai_1958" class="extiw" title="fr:Coup d'État du 13 mai 1958"><span lang="fr" dir="auto">Coup d'État du 13 mai 1958</span></a></span>）</span></span>，5月25日在法國南部也發生反政府暴亂，迫使時任總統<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8B%92%E5%86%85%C2%B7%E7%A7%91%E8%92%82?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="勒内·科蒂">勒內·科蒂</a>任命當時已下野的戴高樂擔任總理。10月5日，戴高樂宣告建立<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E8%A5%BF%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%94%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="法兰西第五共和国">法兰西第五共和国</a>。11月進行國民議會選擧，以戴高樂為首的保衛新共和聯盟取勝。欠缺稳定性的第四共和国宪法被新宪法取代，扩大了总统的权力<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，首任总统即是二战期间的英雄戴高乐。戴高乐政府试图终止反殖民战争，以保证国家的统一。1962年法国签署《<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="埃维昂协定" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Évian Accords"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E5%9F%83%E7%BB%B4%E6%98%82%E5%8D%8F%E5%AE%9A&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="埃维昂协定（页面不存在）">埃维昂协定</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C3%2589vian_Accords" class="extiw" title="en:Évian Accords"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Évian Accords</span></a></span>）</span></span>》结束战争，<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E5%8F%8A%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="阿尔及利亚">阿尔及利亚</a>获得独立。余下的法国殖民地，被称为<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E6%B5%B7%E5%A4%96%E7%9C%81%E5%92%8C%E6%B5%B7%E5%A4%96%E9%A2%86%E5%9C%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="法国海外省和海外领地">海外省和海外领地</a>。法國在戰後的1945年至1975年经济出现快速增长、建立高度发达的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E7%A6%8F%E5%88%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="社会福利">社会福利</a>体系<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，称为<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%BB%83%E9%87%91%E4%B8%89%E5%8D%81%E5%B9%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="黃金三十年">黄金三十年</a>。在<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%86%B7%E6%88%98?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="冷战">美苏冷战</a>的国际背景下，戴高乐实行“民族独立”的政策，他主导法国退出北约的军事一体化组织，着手执行<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="打击力量" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Force de dissuasion"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%89%93%E5%87%BB%E5%8A%9B%E9%87%8F&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="打击力量（页面不存在）">核计划</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Force_de_dissuasion" class="extiw" title="en:Force de dissuasion"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Force de dissuasion</span></a></span>）</span></span>，使法国最终拥有<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E8%88%87%E5%A4%A7%E8%A6%8F%E6%A8%A1%E6%AE%BA%E5%82%B7%E6%80%A7%E6%AD%A6%E5%99%A8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法國與大規模殺傷性武器">世界第三大核武贮备量</a>。为团结欧洲国家以与美苏抗衡，他与<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%BE%B7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="西德">西德</a>签署《<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%88%B1%E4%B8%BD%E8%88%8D%E6%9D%A1%E7%BA%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="爱丽舍条约">爱丽舍条约</a>》，恢复双方的合作关系，推动法德和解。1968年法国爆发<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E6%9C%88%E9%A3%8E%E6%9A%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="五月风暴">五月风暴</a>学生运动，社会反响巨大。这次运动被看作是法国由保守道德思想（如宗教、权威尊重和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%88%B1%E5%9B%BD%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="爱国主义">爱国主义</a>）转向自由道德思想（<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E4%BF%97%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="世俗主义">世俗主义</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%B8%AA%E4%BA%BA%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="个人主义">个人主义</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="性革命">性革命</a>）的分水岭。尽管乱局被政府平息，但此次运动表现出的政府与部分民众的隔阂，使得政府失去部分民心。1969年，戴高乐<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="1969年法国修宪选举" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="French constitutional referendum, 1969"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1969%E5%B9%B4%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E4%BF%AE%E5%AE%AA%E9%80%89%E4%B8%BE&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1969年法国修宪选举（页面不存在）">关于削弱参议院权力的修宪案公投</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_constitutional_referendum,_1969" class="extiw" title="en:French constitutional referendum, 1969"><span lang="en" dir="auto">French constitutional referendum, 1969</span></a></span>）</span></span>失败，宣布辞去总统职务。</p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Marche_hommage_Charlie_hebdo_et_aux_victimes_des_attentats_de_janvier_2015_(12).jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Marche_hommage_Charlie_hebdo_et_aux_victimes_des_attentats_de_janvier_2015_%2812%29.jpg/220px-Marche_hommage_Charlie_hebdo_et_aux_victimes_des_attentats_de_janvier_2015_%2812%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4256" data-file-height="2832"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 146px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Marche_hommage_Charlie_hebdo_et_aux_victimes_des_attentats_de_janvier_2015_%2812%29.jpg/220px-Marche_hommage_Charlie_hebdo_et_aux_victimes_des_attentats_de_janvier_2015_%2812%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="146" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Marche_hommage_Charlie_hebdo_et_aux_victimes_des_attentats_de_janvier_2015_%2812%29.jpg/330px-Marche_hommage_Charlie_hebdo_et_aux_victimes_des_attentats_de_janvier_2015_%2812%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Marche_hommage_Charlie_hebdo_et_aux_victimes_des_attentats_de_janvier_2015_%2812%29.jpg/440px-Marche_hommage_Charlie_hebdo_et_aux_victimes_des_attentats_de_janvier_2015_%2812%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> 2015年<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E9%BB%8E?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="巴黎">巴黎</a><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E5%B9%BF%E5%9C%BA_(%E5%B7%B4%E9%BB%8E)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="共和国广场 (巴黎)">共和国广场</a>的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2015%E5%B9%B4%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E9%81%8A%E8%A1%8C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2015年共和遊行">共和游行</a> </figcaption> </figure> <p>在后戴高乐时代，法国虽仍是<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%90%84%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E5%86%85%E7%94%9F%E4%BA%A7%E6%80%BB%E5%80%BC%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8_(%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E6%B1%87%E7%8E%87)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="各国国内生产总值列表 (国际汇率)">世界上最为发达的经济体之一</a>，但面临着多项经济问题，有着高失业率和高公共债务。在20世纪与21世纪之交，法国站在<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E4%B8%80%E4%BD%93%E5%8C%96?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="欧洲一体化">欧洲一体化</a>发展的最前沿。1992年法国签署《<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E9%87%8C%E8%B5%AB%E7%89%B9%E6%9D%A1%E7%BA%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="马斯特里赫特条约">马斯特里赫特条约</a>》，1999年参与建立<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E5%85%83%E5%8C%BA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="欧元区">欧元区</a>，2007年又签署《<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E6%9C%AC%E6%9D%A1%E7%BA%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="里斯本条约">里斯本条约</a>》<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。法国的注意力也重新转向北约，参与大部分与北约成员国相关的军事行动<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</p> <p>自19世纪起，便有大量移民定居法国。最初他们大多数是来自欧洲天主教国家的男性外籍工人，失业时多数亦会选择回国<sup id="cite_ref-Marie-Christine_Weidmann-Koop_82-0" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Marie-Christine_Weidmann-Koop-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。20世纪70年代，法国面临经济危机、开始放宽移民政策，给予移民永久定居权，遂迎来新移民（大多数来自<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="非洲">非洲</a><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%A0%BC%E9%87%8C%E5%B8%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="马格里布">马格里布</a>地区<sup id="cite_ref-Marie-Christine_Weidmann-Koop_82-1" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Marie-Christine_Weidmann-Koop-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>）。放开移民亦导致社会问题，数十万<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E6%96%AF%E6%9E%97?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="穆斯林">穆斯林</a>享受公共住房补贴的同时，拥有着高失业率<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，这个现象在大城市最为明显。法国放弃<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E5%8C%96?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="同化">同化</a>政策，不再强制要求移民遵守法国传统价值观以及文化规范。政府允许移民保留他们自己的文化习俗，仅需融入社会<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</p> <p>21世纪初<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%81%90%E6%80%96%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="恐怖主义">恐怖主义</a>兴起，法国亦遭到波及，面临<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%81%90%E6%80%96%E8%A2%AD%E5%87%BB?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="恐怖袭击">恐怖袭击</a>威胁。2015年1月的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%9F%A5%E7%90%86%E5%91%A8%E5%88%8A%E6%80%BB%E9%83%A8%E6%9E%AA%E5%87%BB%E6%A1%88?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="查理周刊总部枪击案">查理周刊总部枪击案</a>引发法国历史上最大规模的爱国游行，有超过440万人参加，即<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2015%E5%B9%B4%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E9%81%8A%E8%A1%8C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2015年共和遊行">2015年共和游行</a><sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bbcnews_86-0" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-bbcnews-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。2015年11月<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2015%E5%B9%B411%E6%9C%88%E5%B7%B4%E9%BB%8E%E8%A5%B2%E6%93%8A%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="2015年11月巴黎襲擊事件">巴黎再遭恐怖袭击</a>，造成137人死亡。这次袭击事件是二战以来法国领土上伤亡人数最多的事件<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，也是<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%8C%E4%B8%89%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%80%E9%80%A3%E7%92%B0%E7%88%86%E7%82%B8%E6%A1%88?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="馬德里三一一連環爆炸案">馬德里三一一連環爆炸案</a>以来欧盟国家伤亡最为惨重的袭击事件<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。2016年<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E5%BA%86%E6%97%A5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="法国国庆日">法国国庆日</a>，<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="尼斯">尼斯</a>遭到<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2016%E5%B9%B4%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF%E8%A5%B2%E6%93%8A%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2016年尼斯襲擊事件">恐怖袭击</a>，85人死亡、202人受伤<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。法國自2015年11月13日遭受恐怖攻擊以來，因為斷續發生的恐怖攻擊而數次延長緊急狀態，最新的一次延長預計延長至2017年11月1日<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="地理"><span id=".E5.9C.B0.E7.90.86"></span>地理</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&section=11&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="编辑章节：地理" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>编辑</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> 主条目：<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法国地理">法国地理</a> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="领土地形"><span id=".E9.A2.86.E5.9C.9F.E5.9C.B0.E5.BD.A2"></span>领土地形</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&section=12&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="编辑章节：领土地形" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>编辑</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:France_cities.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/France_cities.png/220px-France_cities.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1797" data-file-height="1796"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 220px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/France_cities.png/220px-France_cities.png" data-width="220" data-height="220" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/France_cities.png/330px-France_cities.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/France_cities.png/440px-France_cities.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> 法国本土地形图，显示人口数超过100,000的城市 </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Territorial_waters_-_France.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Territorial_waters_-_France.svg/220px-Territorial_waters_-_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="110" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="400"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 110px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Territorial_waters_-_France.svg/220px-Territorial_waters_-_France.svg.png" data-width="220" data-height="110" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Territorial_waters_-_France.svg/330px-Territorial_waters_-_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Territorial_waters_-_France.svg/440px-Territorial_waters_-_France.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> 法国<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%B8%93%E5%B1%9E%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%8C%BA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="专属经济区">专属经济区</a>面积大小位居世界第一名 </figcaption> </figure> <p>法国的欧洲部分称为<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E6%9C%AC%E5%9C%9F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="法国本土">法国本土</a>，位于欧洲大陆西端41°至51°N、6°W至10°E之间，南北东西均横跨约1000公里，领土形状呈<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%85%AD%E8%BE%B9%E5%BD%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="六边形">六边形</a>，属于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B8%A9%E5%B8%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="温带">温带</a>。法国本土北达<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7_(%E5%A4%A7%E8%A5%BF%E6%B4%8B)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="北海 (大西洋)">北海</a>，西北及<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%90%89%E5%88%A9%E6%B5%B7%E5%B3%A1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="英吉利海峡">英吉利海峡</a>，西抵<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%A5%BF%E6%B4%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="大西洋">大西洋</a>，南至<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%AD%E6%B5%B7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="地中海">地中海</a>，与东北部的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E5%88%A9%E6%97%B6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="比利时">比利时</a>和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%A2%E6%A3%AE%E5%A0%A1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="卢森堡">卢森堡</a>、东部的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="德国">德国</a>与<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E5%A3%AB?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="瑞士">瑞士</a>、东南的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="意大利">意大利</a>和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E7%BA%B3%E5%93%A5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="摩纳哥">摩纳哥</a>以及西南的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="西班牙">西班牙</a>和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E9%81%93%E5%B0%94?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="安道尔">安道尔</a>接壤。法国南部和东部的国境线分布的山峰山脉有<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E5%88%A9%E7%89%9B%E6%96%AF%E5%B1%B1%E8%84%89?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="比利牛斯山脉">比利牛斯山脉</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E5%8D%91%E6%96%AF%E5%B1%B1%E8%84%89?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="阿尔卑斯山脉">阿尔卑斯山脉</a>和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BE%8F%E7%BD%97%E5%B1%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="侏罗山">侏罗山</a>，河流有<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%8E%B1%E8%8C%B5%E6%B2%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="莱茵河">莱茵河</a>。在地中海上，辖有<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E8%A5%BF%E5%98%89%E5%B2%9B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="科西嘉岛">科西嘉岛</a>和众多海岸群岛。</p> <p>法国在世界范围内拥有众多<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E6%B5%B7%E5%A4%96%E7%9C%81%E5%92%8C%E6%B5%B7%E5%A4%96%E9%A2%86%E5%9C%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="法国海外省和海外领地">海外省和海外领地</a>，这些领土之间的行政区划等级和管辖形式有所不同，它们分别位于：</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="南美洲">南美洲</a>：<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%B1%9E%E5%9C%AD%E4%BA%9A%E9%82%A3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="法属圭亚那">法属圭亚那</a></li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%A5%BF%E6%B4%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="大西洋">大西洋</a>：<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E7%9A%AE%E5%9F%83%E5%B0%94%E5%92%8C%E5%AF%86%E5%85%8B%E9%9A%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="圣皮埃尔和密克隆">圣皮埃尔和密克隆</a>以及<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E7%9A%84%E5%88%97%E6%96%AF%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="安的列斯群島">安的列斯群岛</a>的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%93%9C%E5%BE%B7%E7%BD%97%E6%99%AE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="瓜德罗普">瓜德罗普</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%8F%90%E5%B0%BC%E5%85%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="马提尼克">马提尼克</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%B1%9E%E5%9C%A3%E9%A9%AC%E4%B8%81?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="法属圣马丁">圣马丁</a>以及<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E5%B7%B4%E6%B3%B0%E5%8B%92%E7%B1%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="圣巴泰勒米">圣巴泰勒米</a></li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E6%B4%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="太平洋">太平洋</a>：<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%B1%9E%E6%B3%A2%E5%88%A9%E5%B0%BC%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="法属波利尼西亚">法属波利尼西亚</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%96%80%E9%87%8C%E5%A4%9A%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="新喀里多尼亚">新喀里多尼亚</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%93%A6%E5%88%A9%E6%96%AF%E5%92%8C%E5%AF%8C%E5%9B%BE%E7%BA%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="瓦利斯和富图纳">瓦利斯和富图纳</a>以及<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E5%88%A9%E7%8F%80%E9%A1%BF%E5%B2%9B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="克利珀顿岛">克利珀顿岛</a></li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E6%B4%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="印度洋">印度洋</a>：<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%95%99%E5%B0%BC%E6%B1%AA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="留尼汪">留尼旺</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%B1%9E%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E6%B4%8B%E8%AF%B8%E5%B2%9B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法属印度洋诸岛">法属印度洋诸岛</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E7%BD%97%E6%B3%BD%E7%BE%A4%E5%B2%9B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="克罗泽群岛">克罗泽群岛</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%87%AF%E5%B0%94%E7%9B%96%E6%9C%97%E7%BE%A4%E5%B2%9B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="凯尔盖朗群岛">凯尔盖朗群岛</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E4%BF%9D%E7%BD%97%E5%B2%9B_(%E7%95%99%E5%B0%BC%E6%B1%AA)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="圣保罗岛 (留尼汪)">圣保罗岛</a>以及<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%A7%86%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E4%B8%B9%E5%B2%9B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="阿姆斯特丹岛">阿姆斯特丹岛</a></li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E6%9E%81%E6%B4%B2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="南极洲">南极洲</a>：<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E9%BB%9B%E5%88%A9%E5%9C%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="阿黛利地">阿黛利地</a>（争议）</li> </ul> <p>其中，<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%B1%9E%E5%9C%AD%E4%BA%9A%E9%82%A3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="法属圭亚那">法属圭亚那</a>与<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="巴西">巴西</a>和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E9%87%8C%E5%8D%97?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="苏里南">苏里南</a>接壤，<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%B1%9E%E5%9C%A3%E9%A9%AC%E4%B8%81?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="法属圣马丁">法属圣马丁</a>与<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%B1%9E%E5%9C%A3%E9%A9%AC%E4%B8%81?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="荷属圣马丁">荷属圣马丁</a>接壤。</p> <p>法国的欧洲领土面积为551,500平方公里（212,935平方英里），为<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E7%9B%9F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="欧盟">欧盟</a>成员国中最大<sup id="cite_ref-superficy2_92-0" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-superficy2-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。法国国土（包括海外领地，不包括<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E9%BB%9B%E5%88%A9%E5%9C%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="阿黛利地">阿黛利地</a>）的总面积为643,801平方公里（248,573平方英里），占世界陆地总面积的0.45%。凭借分布于全球范围的海外领地，法国拥有11,691,000平方公里（4,513,920平方英里）的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%B8%93%E5%B1%9E%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%8C%BA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="专属经济区">专属经济区</a>，位居世界第一。</p> <p>法国国土地形种类多样，在西北部有沿海<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E5%8E%9F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="平原">平原</a>，在东南和西南部分别有<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E5%8D%91%E6%96%AF%E5%B1%B1%E8%84%89?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="阿尔卑斯山脉">阿尔卑斯山脉</a>和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E5%88%A9%E7%89%9B%E6%96%AF%E5%B1%B1%E8%84%89?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="比利牛斯山脉">比利牛斯山脉</a>，中南部则是<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E9%AB%98%E5%8E%9F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法國中央高原">中央高原</a>。位于法国和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="意大利">意大利</a>边境的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8B%83%E6%9C%97%E5%B3%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="勃朗峰">勃朗峰</a>海拔4,810.45米（15,782英尺）<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，是欧洲海拔最高的山峰。法国的大部分地区形成于不同的断块活动分期，其中<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%91%A9%E9%87%8C%E5%8D%A1%E4%B8%98%E9%99%B5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="阿摩里卡丘陵">阿摩里卡丘陵</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E9%AB%98%E5%8E%9F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法國中央高原">中央高原</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%8E%AB%E5%B0%94%E6%97%BA%E5%B1%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="莫尔旺山">莫尔旺山</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%AD%9A%E6%97%A5%E5%B1%B1%E8%84%89?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="孚日山脉">孚日山脉</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E7%99%BB%E5%B1%B1%E8%84%88?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="阿登山脈">阿登山脉</a>和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E8%A5%BF%E5%98%89%E5%B2%9B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="科西嘉岛">科西嘉岛</a>形成于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E7%94%9F%E4%BB%A3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="古生代">古生代</a>的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8E%E5%8A%9B%E8%A5%BF%E9%80%A0%E5%B1%B1%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="华力西造山运动">华力西造山运动</a>。<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E5%8D%91%E6%96%AF%E5%B1%B1%E8%84%89?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="阿尔卑斯山脉">阿尔卑斯山脉</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E5%88%A9%E7%89%9B%E6%96%AF%E5%B1%B1%E8%84%89?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="比利牛斯山脉">比利牛斯山脉</a>和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BE%8F%E7%BD%97%E5%B1%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="侏罗山">侏罗山</a>则显得年轻一些，<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BE%B5%E8%9A%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="侵蚀">侵蚀</a>形式更少。法国60%的城市具有<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="地震">地震</a>风险，但近年来地震带保持稳定。几大地块将法国分为数个沉积<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%9B%86%E5%9C%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="盆地">盆地</a>，包括西南部的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%9F%BA%E5%9D%A6%E7%9B%86%E5%9C%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="阿基坦盆地">阿基坦盆地</a>和北部肥沃的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E9%BB%8E%E7%9B%86%E5%9C%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="巴黎盆地">巴黎盆地</a>。法国的沿海沿河地区风景各异，如<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%94%9A%E8%93%9D%E6%B5%B7%E5%B2%B8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="蔚蓝海岸">蔚蓝海岸</a>的山地、<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="阿尔巴特海岸" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Côte d'Albâtre"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E5%B7%B4%E7%89%B9%E6%B5%B7%E5%B2%B8&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="阿尔巴特海岸（页面不存在）">阿尔巴特海岸</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%25C3%25B4te_d%2527Alb%25C3%25A2tre" class="extiw" title="en:Côte d'Albâtre"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Côte d'Albâtre</span></a></span>）</span></span>止于断崖的高原，<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%B4%A2%E6%B4%9B%E6%B6%85%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="索洛涅地区">索洛涅地区</a>的森林湿地以及<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%9C%97%E6%A0%BC%E5%A4%9A%E5%85%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="朗格多克">朗格多克</a>的宽阔平原。</p> <p>法国境内河流众多，纵横交错。法国的河流系统主要由四大河流组成，即<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%A2%E7%93%A6%E5%B0%94%E6%B2%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="卢瓦尔河">卢瓦尔河</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E7%BA%B3%E6%B2%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="塞纳河">塞纳河</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E9%BE%8D%E6%B2%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="加龍河">加龙河</a>和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E8%AE%B7%E6%B2%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="罗讷河">罗讷河</a>，流域覆盖62%的土地。<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%8E%B1%E8%8C%B5%E6%B2%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="莱茵河">莱茵河</a>与<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%BB%98%E5%85%B9%E6%B2%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="默兹河">默兹河</a>有时也被纳入法国的河流系统，但它们在法国并不如在欧洲重要。其中，罗讷河于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E9%A9%AC%E6%A0%BC?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="卡马格">卡马格</a>注入<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%AD%E6%B5%B7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="地中海">地中海</a>，将中央高原与阿尔卑斯山脉隔开。巴黎的塞纳河左岸涵盖塞纳河畔一个整体的扇形区域，在巴黎市区内如果乘船由塞纳河顺流而下，船首左侧所展现的，即是塞纳河左岸风光。塞纳河左岸是巴黎建市初期的见证人，它的腹地集中巴黎创立初期的历史遗迹。</p> <div style="clear:both;"></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180.66666666667px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Pointe_du_van.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="布列塔尼极西之角（英语：pointe du Van）"> <noscript> <img alt="布列塔尼极西之角（英语：pointe du Van）" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Pointe_du_van.jpg/271px-Pointe_du_van.jpg" decoding="async" width="181" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 181px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Pointe_du_van.jpg/271px-Pointe_du_van.jpg" data-alt="布列塔尼极西之角（英语：pointe du Van）" data-width="181" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Pointe_du_van.jpg/406px-Pointe_du_van.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Pointe_du_van.jpg/542px-Pointe_du_van.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E5%88%97%E5%A1%94%E5%B0%BC?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="布列塔尼">布列塔尼</a><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="极西之角" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="pointe du Van"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%9E%81%E8%A5%BF%E4%B9%8B%E8%A7%92&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="极西之角（页面不存在）">极西之角</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/pointe_du_Van" class="extiw" title="en:pointe du Van"><span lang="en" dir="auto">pointe du Van</span></a></span>）</span></span> </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Most_beautiful_villages_of_the_world_montsoreau_2.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="卢瓦尔河谷的蒙索罗"> <noscript> <img alt="卢瓦尔河谷的蒙索罗" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Most_beautiful_villages_of_the_world_montsoreau_2.jpg/240px-Most_beautiful_villages_of_the_world_montsoreau_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 160px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Most_beautiful_villages_of_the_world_montsoreau_2.jpg/240px-Most_beautiful_villages_of_the_world_montsoreau_2.jpg" data-alt="卢瓦尔河谷的蒙索罗" data-width="160" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Most_beautiful_villages_of_the_world_montsoreau_2.jpg/360px-Most_beautiful_villages_of_the_world_montsoreau_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Most_beautiful_villages_of_the_world_montsoreau_2.jpg/480px-Most_beautiful_villages_of_the_world_montsoreau_2.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%A2%E7%93%A6%E5%B0%94%E6%B2%B3%E8%B0%B7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="卢瓦尔河谷">卢瓦尔河谷</a>的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%92%99%E7%B4%A2%E7%BD%97?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="蒙索罗">蒙索罗</a> </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180.66666666667px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Kerguelen_CookGlacier.JPG?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="凯尔盖朗群岛冰川"> <noscript> <img alt="凯尔盖朗群岛冰川" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Kerguelen_CookGlacier.JPG/271px-Kerguelen_CookGlacier.JPG" decoding="async" width="181" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3202" data-file-height="2128"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 181px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Kerguelen_CookGlacier.JPG/271px-Kerguelen_CookGlacier.JPG" data-alt="凯尔盖朗群岛冰川" data-width="181" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Kerguelen_CookGlacier.JPG/407px-Kerguelen_CookGlacier.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Kerguelen_CookGlacier.JPG/542px-Kerguelen_CookGlacier.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%87%AF%E5%B0%94%E7%9B%96%E6%9C%97%E7%BE%A4%E5%B2%9B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="凯尔盖朗群岛">凯尔盖朗群岛</a>冰川 </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Lac_des_Perches.JPG?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="阿尔萨斯孚日山脉佩尔什湖（英语：Lac des Perches）"> <noscript> <img alt="阿尔萨斯孚日山脉佩尔什湖（英语：Lac des Perches）" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Lac_des_Perches.JPG/240px-Lac_des_Perches.JPG" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 160px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Lac_des_Perches.JPG/240px-Lac_des_Perches.JPG" data-alt="阿尔萨斯孚日山脉佩尔什湖（英语：Lac des Perches）" data-width="160" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Lac_des_Perches.JPG/360px-Lac_des_Perches.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Lac_des_Perches.JPG/480px-Lac_des_Perches.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E8%90%A8%E6%96%AF?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="阿尔萨斯">阿尔萨斯</a><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%AD%9A%E6%97%A5%E5%B1%B1%E8%84%89?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="孚日山脉">孚日山脉</a><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="佩尔什湖" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Lac des Perches"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E4%BD%A9%E5%B0%94%E4%BB%80%E6%B9%96&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="佩尔什湖（页面不存在）">佩尔什湖</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lac_des_Perches" class="extiw" title="en:Lac des Perches"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Lac des Perches</span></a></span>）</span></span> </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Usson_JPG01.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="法国中央高原上的于松镇"> <noscript> <img alt="法国中央高原上的于松镇" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Usson_JPG01.jpg/240px-Usson_JPG01.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 160px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Usson_JPG01.jpg/240px-Usson_JPG01.jpg" data-alt="法国中央高原上的于松镇" data-width="160" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Usson_JPG01.jpg/360px-Usson_JPG01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Usson_JPG01.jpg/480px-Usson_JPG01.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E9%AB%98%E5%8E%9F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法國中央高原">法国中央高原</a>上的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%8E%E6%9D%BE_(%E5%A4%9A%E5%A7%86%E5%B1%B1%E7%9C%81)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="于松 (多姆山省)">于松</a>镇 </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 209.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 207.33333333333px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Weinberg_Cote_de_Nuits.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="勃艮第尼伊丘产区的葡萄园"> <noscript> <img alt="勃艮第尼伊丘产区的葡萄园" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Weinberg_Cote_de_Nuits.jpg/311px-Weinberg_Cote_de_Nuits.jpg" decoding="async" width="208" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="927"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 208px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Weinberg_Cote_de_Nuits.jpg/311px-Weinberg_Cote_de_Nuits.jpg" data-alt="勃艮第尼伊丘产区的葡萄园" data-width="208" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Weinberg_Cote_de_Nuits.jpg/466px-Weinberg_Cote_de_Nuits.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Weinberg_Cote_de_Nuits.jpg/622px-Weinberg_Cote_de_Nuits.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8B%83%E8%89%AE%E7%AC%AC?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="勃艮第">勃艮第</a><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E4%BC%8A%E4%B8%98%E4%BA%A7%E5%8C%BA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="尼伊丘产区">尼伊丘产区</a>的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E9%85%92?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法国葡萄酒">葡萄园</a> </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 166.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 164.66666666667px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Lavender_field.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="普罗旺斯的薰衣草园"> <noscript> <img alt="普罗旺斯的薰衣草园" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Lavender_field.jpg/247px-Lavender_field.jpg" decoding="async" width="165" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1068" data-file-height="778"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 165px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Lavender_field.jpg/247px-Lavender_field.jpg" data-alt="普罗旺斯的薰衣草园" data-width="165" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Lavender_field.jpg/371px-Lavender_field.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Lavender_field.jpg/494px-Lavender_field.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E7%BD%97%E6%97%BA%E6%96%AF?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="普罗旺斯">普罗旺斯</a>的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%96%B0%E8%A1%A3%E8%8D%89?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="薰衣草">薰衣草</a>园 </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Aiguille_du_Dru_3.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="阿尔卑斯山的高山气候地貌"> <noscript> <img alt="阿尔卑斯山的高山气候地貌" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Aiguille_du_Dru_3.jpg/240px-Aiguille_du_Dru_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 160px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Aiguille_du_Dru_3.jpg/240px-Aiguille_du_Dru_3.jpg" data-alt="阿尔卑斯山的高山气候地貌" data-width="160" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Aiguille_du_Dru_3.jpg/360px-Aiguille_du_Dru_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Aiguille_du_Dru_3.jpg/480px-Aiguille_du_Dru_3.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E9%98%BF%E7%88%BE%E5%8D%91%E6%96%AF%E5%B1%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法國阿爾卑斯山">阿尔卑斯山</a>的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E5%B1%B1%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="高山气候">高山气候</a>地貌 </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Piana_Dardo_dans_les_Calanche.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="科西嘉岛的半干旱气候地貌"> <noscript> <img alt="科西嘉岛的半干旱气候地貌" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Piana_Dardo_dans_les_Calanche.jpg/240px-Piana_Dardo_dans_les_Calanche.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 160px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Piana_Dardo_dans_les_Calanche.jpg/240px-Piana_Dardo_dans_les_Calanche.jpg" data-alt="科西嘉岛的半干旱气候地貌" data-width="160" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Piana_Dardo_dans_les_Calanche.jpg/360px-Piana_Dardo_dans_les_Calanche.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Piana_Dardo_dans_les_Calanche.jpg/480px-Piana_Dardo_dans_les_Calanche.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E8%A5%BF%E5%98%89%E5%B2%9B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="科西嘉岛">科西嘉岛</a>的半干旱气候地貌 </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 183.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 181.33333333333px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Bora_Bora_-_Mt_Otemanu.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="法属波利尼西亚的热带气候地貌"> <noscript> <img alt="法属波利尼西亚的热带气候地貌" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Bora_Bora_-_Mt_Otemanu.jpg/272px-Bora_Bora_-_Mt_Otemanu.jpg" decoding="async" width="182" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1356"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 182px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Bora_Bora_-_Mt_Otemanu.jpg/272px-Bora_Bora_-_Mt_Otemanu.jpg" data-alt="法属波利尼西亚的热带气候地貌" data-width="182" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Bora_Bora_-_Mt_Otemanu.jpg/408px-Bora_Bora_-_Mt_Otemanu.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Bora_Bora_-_Mt_Otemanu.jpg/544px-Bora_Bora_-_Mt_Otemanu.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%B1%9E%E6%B3%A2%E5%88%A9%E5%B0%BC%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="法属波利尼西亚">法属波利尼西亚</a>的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%83%AD%E5%B8%A6%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="热带气候">热带气候</a>地貌 </div></li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="气候生态"><span id=".E6.B0.94.E5.80.99.E7.94.9F.E6.80.81"></span>气候生态</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&section=13&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="编辑章节：气候生态" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>编辑</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:France_map_of_K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/France_map_of_K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification.svg/220px-France_map_of_K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1900" data-file-height="1900"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 220px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/France_map_of_K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification.svg/220px-France_map_of_K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification.svg.png" data-width="220" data-height="220" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/France_map_of_K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification.svg/330px-France_map_of_K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/France_map_of_K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification.svg/440px-France_map_of_K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> 法国气候分区示意图（<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%9F%AF%E6%9C%AC%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB%E6%B3%95?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="柯本气候分类法">柯本气候分类法</a>） </figcaption> </figure> <p>根据<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%9F%AF%E6%9C%AC%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB%E6%B3%95?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="柯本气候分类法">柯本气候分类法</a>，法国本土大部分的平原地区（<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E8%A5%BF%E5%98%89%E5%B2%9B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="科西嘉岛">科西嘉岛</a>除外）属于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E6%B4%8B%E6%80%A7%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="海洋性气候">海洋性气候</a>，冬温夏凉，常年有雨，南部的平原或丘陵地区属于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%AD%E6%B5%B7%E5%BC%8F%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="地中海式气候">地中海式气候</a>，夏干冬雨。月平均气温：1月西部及南部约4－7°C，东部及北部约1－3°C；7月北部及西部约16－18°C，南部及东部约21－24°C。年降水量600－800毫米，山区达1500毫米以上。气候类型细节如下：</p> <ul> <li>法国大部分沿海地区属于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E6%B4%8B%E6%80%A7%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="海洋性气候">海洋性气候</a>，其中西部北起<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E5%85%B0%E5%BE%B7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="佛兰德">佛兰德</a>、南至<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E6%96%AF%E5%85%8B%E5%9C%B0%E5%8D%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="巴斯克地區">巴斯克</a>的沿海地带最为显著；偏南面地区因纬度原因更加温暖；西北面较南部凉爽，平均风力强度较大。</li> <li>偏内陆地区仍属于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E6%B4%8B%E6%80%A7%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="海洋性气候">海洋性气候</a>，但与沿海地区有所区别，称为“半海洋性气候”。例如在巴黎与山中盆地地区的季节天气变化较强，秋冬季降雨较少。此气候区是强海洋性气候区与<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%86%E6%80%A7%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="大陆性气候">大陆性气候区</a>的过渡地带。 <ul> <li>中部和北部平原地区的海洋性气候与巴黎盆地地区的海洋性气候变体相似，因此有时被称为“巴黎气候”（parisien）。</li> <li>北部和东部地区偏<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%86%E6%80%A7%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="大陆性气候">大陆性气候</a>，夏季炎热多雨，冬季寒冷干燥。</li> </ul></li> <li>法国南部的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%AD%E6%B5%B7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="地中海">地中海</a>沿岸地区（如<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E7%BA%B3%E6%B2%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="罗纳河">罗讷河</a>下游谷地）属于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%AD%E6%B5%B7%E5%BC%8F%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="地中海式气候">地中海式气候</a>。</li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E9%98%BF%E7%88%BE%E5%8D%91%E6%96%AF%E5%B1%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法國阿爾卑斯山">阿尔卑斯山脉</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E5%88%A9%E7%89%9B%E6%96%AF%E5%B1%B1%E8%84%89?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="比利牛斯山脉">比利牛斯山脉</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%AD%9A%E6%97%A5%E5%B1%B1%E8%84%89?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="孚日山脉">孚日山脉</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BE%8F%E7%BD%97%E5%B1%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="侏罗山">侏罗山</a>和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E9%AB%98%E5%8E%9F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法國中央高原">中央高原</a>地区属于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E5%B1%B1%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="高山气候">高山气候</a>。</li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E6%B5%B7%E5%A4%96%E7%9C%81%E5%92%8C%E6%B5%B7%E5%A4%96%E9%A2%86%E5%9C%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="法国海外省和海外领地">法国大部分海外领地</a>属于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%83%AD%E5%B8%A6%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="热带气候">热带气候</a>，全年高温多雨，<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%B1%9E%E5%9C%AD%E4%BA%9A%E9%82%A3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="法属圭亚那">法属圭亚那</a>属于热带性更为显著的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%86%B1%E5%B8%B6%E9%9B%A8%E6%9E%97%E6%B0%A3%E5%80%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="熱帶雨林氣候">熱帶雨林氣候</a>；而<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E7%9A%AE%E5%9F%83%E5%B0%94%E5%92%8C%E5%AF%86%E5%85%8B%E9%9A%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="圣皮埃尔和密克隆">圣皮埃尔和密克隆</a>以及<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%B1%9E%E5%8D%97%E9%83%A8%E5%92%8C%E5%8D%97%E6%9E%81%E9%A2%86%E5%9C%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法属南部和南极领地">法属南部和南极领地</a>则属于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%89%AF%E6%9E%81%E5%9C%B0%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="副极地气候">副极地气候</a>，全年寒冷干燥。</li> </ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Parcs_naturels_fran%C3%A7ais.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Parcs_naturels_fran%C3%A7ais.svg/220px-Parcs_naturels_fran%C3%A7ais.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="105" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4920" data-file-height="2347"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 105px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Parcs_naturels_fran%C3%A7ais.svg/220px-Parcs_naturels_fran%C3%A7ais.svg.png" data-width="220" data-height="105" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Parcs_naturels_fran%C3%A7ais.svg/330px-Parcs_naturels_fran%C3%A7ais.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Parcs_naturels_fran%C3%A7ais.svg/440px-Parcs_naturels_fran%C3%A7ais.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> 法国国内的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E5%85%AC%E5%9B%AD%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法国国家公园列表">国家公园</a>（红）、<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="法国地区公园列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Regional_natural_parks_of_France"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA%E5%85%AC%E5%9B%AD%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="法国地区公园列表（页面不存在）">地区公园</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regional_natural_parks_of_France" class="extiw" title="en:Regional natural parks of France"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Regional_natural_parks_of_France</span></a></span>）</span></span>（绿）与海洋公园（蓝）位置示意图 </figcaption> </figure> <p>法国于1971年设立环境部，是世界上最早设立环境部的国家<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。虽然法国是世界上工业化程度最高的国家之一，但是其<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%90%84%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%8C%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E7%A2%B3%E6%8E%92%E6%94%BE%E9%87%8F%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="各国二氧化碳排放量列表">二氧化碳排放量</a>较其它发展中国家少，位列世界第19位<sup id="cite_ref-EDGAR_95-0" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-EDGAR-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。这与<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1973%E5%B9%B4%E7%9F%B3%E6%B2%B9%E5%8D%B1%E6%9C%BA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1973年石油危机">1973年石油危机</a>后法国大力发展低污染<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E7%94%B5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="核电">核电</a>技术不无关系<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，现今法国总发电量的75%来自核能<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。与其它欧盟成员国相同，法国同意削减<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B8%A9%E5%AE%A4%E6%B0%94%E4%BD%93?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="温室气体">温室气体</a>排放量，定于2020年削减1990年水平的20%<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，相比之下，美国仅计划削减1990年水平的4%<sup id="cite_ref-Les_quatre_enjeux_de_Copenhague_101-0" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Les_quatre_enjeux_de_Copenhague-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。法国的人均二氧化碳排放量也保持在较低水平，低于人口众多的中国（2009年数据<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>）。2009年<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，法国曾计划征收17<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E5%85%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="欧元">欧元</a>/吨的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%A2%B3%E7%A8%8E?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="碳税">碳税</a>，这将为法国政府提供每年大约40亿欧元的收入<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，但该计划最终因经济效益原因流产<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</p> <p>法国28%的国土为<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%A3%AE%E6%9E%97?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="森林">森林</a>所覆盖<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，而其中一些富多样化的森林拥有超过140个树种<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。法国拥有9个<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E5%85%AC%E5%9B%AD%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法国国家公园列表">国家公园</a><sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>和46个<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E6%8A%A4%E5%8C%BA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="保护区">自然公园</a><sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，而政府定于在2020年将20%的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%B8%93%E5%B1%9E%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%8C%BA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="专属经济区">专属经济区</a>建为<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="海洋保护区" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Marine Protected Area"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%B5%B7%E6%B4%8B%E4%BF%9D%E6%8A%A4%E5%8C%BA&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="海洋保护区（页面不存在）">海洋保护区</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_Protected_Area" class="extiw" title="en:Marine Protected Area"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Marine Protected Area</span></a></span>）</span></span><sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。法国政府亦在一些景致美丽的村落设立地区自然公园（<span lang="fr">parc naturel régional</span>）<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，以保证当地经济的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E6%8C%81%E7%BB%AD%E5%8F%91%E5%B1%95?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="可持续发展">可持续发展</a>、保护自然环境和文化遗产不受破坏<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，同时也促进<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="自然科学">自然科学</a>层面上生态研究和公共教育的发展<sup id="cite_ref-FGTO_114-0" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FGTO-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。截至2019年，这样的地区公园有54座。</p> <p>在2016年美<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E9%B2%81%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="耶鲁大学">耶鲁大学</a>与<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%93%A5%E4%BC%A6%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9A%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="哥伦比亚大学">哥伦比亚大学</a>发布的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E7%BB%A9%E6%95%88%E6%8C%87%E6%95%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="环境绩效指数">环境绩效指数</a>列表中，法国以88.20的分数位列世界第10位<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="行政区划"><span id=".E8.A1.8C.E6.94.BF.E5.8C.BA.E5.88.92"></span>行政区划</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&section=14&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="编辑章节：行政区划" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>编辑</span> </a> </span> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> 主条目：<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%92?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法国行政区划">法国行政区划</a> </div> <p>法国的一级行政区为<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E5%8C%BA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="法国大区">大区</a>（région），全国共有18个大区（包括<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E8%A5%BF%E5%98%89?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="科西嘉">科西嘉</a>）<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，其中5个是海外大区（DOM）<sup id="cite_ref-France_117-0" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-France-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>；过去本土大区共有21个，2014年经投票后合并部分大区成为13个本土大区。大区又被分为101个<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%9C%81_(%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="省 (法国)">省</a>（département）<sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，按照字母顺序编号，用于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%82%AE%E6%94%BF%E7%BC%96%E7%A0%81?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="邮政编码">邮政编码</a>（亦曾用于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%BB%8A%E8%BC%9B%E8%99%9F%E7%89%8C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="車輛號牌">车牌号码</a>）。在101个省中，有5个海外省（与海外大区重叠），其与本土省享有相同的地位。101个省又被分为335个<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8C%BA_(%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="区 (法国)">区</a>（arrondissement），区又被分为2,054个<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%B8%A3_(%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="縣 (法國)">县</a>（canton）<sup id="cite_ref-constituencies_119-0" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-constituencies-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，县被分为36,658个<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%B8%82%E9%95%87_(%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="市镇 (法国)">市镇</a>（commune），由选举产生的市议会治理<sup id="cite_ref-constituencies_119-1" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-constituencies-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。人口最多的三个市镇（<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E9%BB%8E?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="巴黎">巴黎</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E8%B5%9B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="马赛">马赛</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%87%8C%E6%98%82?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="里昂">里昂</a>）又划分为45个市区。大区、省与市镇被称为<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%A2%86%E5%9C%9F%E9%9B%86%E4%BD%93?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="领土集体">领土集体</a>（collectivité territoriale），拥有本地<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%AE%AE%E4%BC%9A?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="议会">议会</a>和行政长官；区与选区则没有这样的设定。1940年以前，区也属于领土集体，拥有议会，这被<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%B8%8C%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="维希法国">维希政权</a>暂停，1946年被<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E8%A5%BF%E7%AC%AC%E5%9B%9B%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法兰西第四共和国">第四共和</a>正式废止<sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</p> <p>法国拥有<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%93%9C%E5%BE%B7%E7%BD%97%E6%99%AE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="瓜德罗普">瓜德罗普</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%B1%9E%E5%9C%AD%E4%BA%9A%E9%82%A3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="法属圭亚那">法属圭亚那</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%8F%90%E5%B0%BC%E5%85%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="马提尼克">马提尼克</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%95%99%E5%B0%BC%E6%B1%AA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="留尼汪">留尼汪</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E7%B4%84%E7%89%B9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="馬約特">馬約特</a>5个海外大区，<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%B1%9E%E6%B3%A2%E5%88%A9%E5%B0%BC%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="法属波利尼西亚">法属波利尼西亚</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E5%B7%B4%E6%B3%B0%E5%8B%92%E7%B1%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="圣巴泰勒米">圣巴泰勒米</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%B1%9E%E5%9C%A3%E9%A9%AC%E4%B8%81?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="法属圣马丁">法属圣马丁</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E7%9A%AE%E5%9F%83%E5%B0%94%E5%92%8C%E5%AF%86%E5%85%8B%E9%9A%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="圣皮埃尔和密克隆">圣皮埃尔和密克隆</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%93%A6%E5%88%A9%E6%96%AF%E5%92%8C%E5%AF%8C%E5%9B%BE%E7%BA%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="瓦利斯和富图纳">瓦利斯和富图纳</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%96%80%E9%87%8C%E5%A4%9A%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="新喀里多尼亚">新喀里多尼亚</a>5个定义各异的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%A4%96%E9%9B%86%E4%BD%93?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="海外集体">海外集體</a>（COM），<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%B1%9E%E5%8D%97%E9%83%A8%E9%A2%86%E5%9C%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="法属南部领地">法属南部领地</a>1个海外领地，以及1个由政府直接管理的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E5%88%A9%E7%8F%80%E9%A1%BF%E5%B2%9B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="克利珀顿岛">克利珀顿岛</a>。海外地区为法兰西共和国的一部分，但并非欧盟的一部分（圣巴泰勒米除外）。法属波利尼西亚、新喀里多尼亚和瓦利斯和富图纳组成太平洋集体，统一使用<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E6%B4%8B%E6%B3%95%E9%83%8E?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="太平洋法郎">太平洋法郎</a><sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，与欧元之间采取<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%9B%BA%E5%AE%9A%E5%8C%AF%E7%8E%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="固定匯率">固定汇率</a>；其它海外地区现使用<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E5%85%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="欧元">欧元</a><sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</p> <p>法国是一个<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%95%E4%B8%80%E5%88%B6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="单一制">单一制</a>国家，上述的任何部分都不握有<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%B8%BB%E6%9D%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="主权">主权</a>。</p> <div role="img" class="floatright nounderlines noresize" style="width: 500px; line-height: 1; text-align: center; background-color: var(--background-color-base,#ffffff); color:inherit; position: relative;"> <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/France_base_map_18_regions.png/500px-France_base_map_18_regions.png" decoding="async" width="500" height="462" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2215" data-file-height="2048"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 500px;height: 462px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/France_base_map_18_regions.png/500px-France_base_map_18_regions.png" data-alt="" data-width="500" data-height="462" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/France_base_map_18_regions.png/750px-France_base_map_18_regions.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/France_base_map_18_regions.png/1000px-France_base_map_18_regions.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:254px; top:62px"> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E8%A5%BF%E5%A4%A7%E5%8C%BA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="上法兰西大区">上法兰西</a> </div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:164px; top:102px"> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%AF%BA%E6%9B%BC%E5%BA%95%E5%A4%A7%E5%8C%BA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="诺曼底大区">诺曼底</a> </div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:254px; top:110.75px"> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E8%A5%BF%E5%B2%9B%E5%A4%A7%E5%8C%BA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="法兰西岛大区">法兰西岛</a> </div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:329px; top:102px"> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E4%B8%9C%E9%83%A8%E5%A4%A7%E5%8C%BA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="大东部大区">大东部大区</a> </div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:304px; top:177px"> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8B%83%E8%89%AE%E7%AC%AC-%E5%BC%97%E6%9C%97%E4%BB%80-%E5%AD%94%E6%B3%B0%E5%A4%A7%E5%8C%BA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="勃艮第-弗朗什-孔泰大区">勃艮第-弗朗什-孔泰</a> </div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:206.5px; top:164.5px"> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE-%E7%9B%A7%E7%93%A6%E7%88%BE%E6%B2%B3%E8%B0%B7%E5%A4%A7%E5%8D%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="中央-盧瓦爾河谷大區">中央-卢瓦尔河谷</a> </div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:116.5px; top:182px"> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%A2%E7%93%A6%E5%B0%94%E6%B2%B3%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA%E5%A4%A7%E5%8C%BA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="卢瓦尔河地区大区">卢瓦尔河地区</a> </div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:84px; top:142px"> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E5%88%97%E5%A1%94%E5%B0%BC%E5%A4%A7%E5%8C%BA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="布列塔尼大区">布列塔尼</a> </div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:184px; top:252px"> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E9%98%BF%E5%9F%BA%E5%9D%A6%E5%A4%A7%E5%8C%BA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="新阿基坦大区">新阿基坦</a> </div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:294px; top:252px"> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E5%BC%97%E6%B6%85-%E7%BD%97%E8%AE%B7-%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E5%8D%91%E6%96%AF%E5%A4%A7%E5%8C%BA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="奥弗涅-罗讷-阿尔卑斯大区">奥弗涅-罗讷-阿尔卑斯</a> </div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:224px; top:342px"> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E5%85%8B%E8%A5%BF%E5%A1%94%E5%B0%BC%E5%A4%A7%E5%8D%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="奧克西塔尼大區">奥克西塔尼</a> </div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:337.75px; top:322px"> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E7%BD%97%E6%97%BA%E6%96%AF-%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E5%8D%91%E6%96%AF-%E8%94%9A%E8%93%9D%E6%B5%B7%E5%B2%B8%E5%A4%A7%E5%8C%BA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="普罗旺斯-阿尔卑斯-蔚蓝海岸大区">普罗旺斯-阿尔卑斯<br> -蔚蓝海岸</a> </div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:444px; top:407px"> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E8%A5%BF%E5%98%89?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="科西嘉">科西嘉</a> </div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:24px; top:317px"> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%B1%AC%E5%9C%AD%E4%BA%9E%E9%82%A3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法屬圭亞那">法屬圭亞那</a> </div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:4px; top:167px"> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%93%9C%E5%BE%B7%E7%BD%97%E6%99%AE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="瓜德罗普">瓜德罗普岛</a> </div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:4px; top:207px"> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E6%8F%90%E5%B0%BC%E5%85%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="馬提尼克">马提尼克岛</a> </div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:319px; top:417px"> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E7%BA%A6%E7%89%B9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="马约特">马约特岛</a> </div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:379px; top:417px"> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%95%99%E5%B0%BC%E6%B1%AA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="留尼汪">留尼汪岛</a> </div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:304px; top:27px"> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E5%88%A9%E6%97%B6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="比利时"><i style="color:#000;">比利时</i></a> </div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:361.5px; top:63.25px"> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%A2%E6%A3%AE%E5%A0%A1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="卢森堡"><i style="color:#000;">卢森堡</i></a> </div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:439px; top:92px"> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="德国"><i style="color:#000;">德国</i></a> </div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:402.75px; top:207px"> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E5%A3%AB?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="瑞士"><i style="color:#000;">瑞士</i></a> </div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:444px; top:277px"> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="意大利"><i style="color:#000;">意大利</i></a> </div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:114px; top:9.5px"> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9B%BD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="英国"><i style="color:#000;">英国</i></a> </div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:219px; top:402px"> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E9%81%93%E5%B0%94?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="安道尔"><i style="color:#000;">安道尔</i></a> </div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:99px; top:382px"> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="巴西"><i style="color:#000;">巴西</i></a> </div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:1.5px; top:344.5px"> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E9%87%8C%E5%8D%97?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="苏里南"><i style="color:#000;">苏里南</i></a> </div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:174px; top:419.5px"> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="西班牙"><i style="color:#000;">西班牙</i></a> </div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:412.75px; top:334.5px"> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E7%BA%B3%E5%93%A5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="摩纳哥"><i style="color:#000;">摩纳哥</i></a> </div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:119px; top:52px"> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%90%89%E5%88%A9%E6%B5%B7%E5%B3%A1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="英吉利海峡"><i style="color:#000;">英吉利海峡</i></a> </div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:84px; top:217px"> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E6%96%AF%E5%BC%80%E6%B9%BE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="比斯开湾"><i style="color:#000;">比斯开湾</i></a> </div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:449px; top:350.75px"> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%88%A9%E5%8F%A4%E9%87%8C%E4%BA%9E%E6%B5%B7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="利古里亞海"><i style="color:#000;">利古里亚海</i></a> </div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:324px; top:377px"> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%AD%E6%B5%B7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="地中海"><i style="color:#000;">地中海</i></a> </div> </div> <table style="background:none;" cellspacing="2px"> <tbody> <tr> <td> <table class="sortable wikitable" style="text-align:left; font-size:90%;"> <tbody> <tr style="font-size:100%; text-align:right;"> <th style="width:350px;"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E5%8C%BA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="法国大区">大区</a>（含海外大区）</th> <th style="width:65px;">首府</th> <th style="width:65px;">面积/km<sup>2</sup></th> <th style="width:65px;">人口</th> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E4%B8%9C%E9%83%A8%E5%A4%A7%E5%8C%BA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="大东部大区">大东部</a><small>（Grand Est）</small></td> <td><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF%E5%A0%A1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="斯特拉斯堡">斯特拉斯堡</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">57,433</td> <td style="text-align:right">5,552,388</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E5%BC%97%E6%B6%85-%E7%BD%97%E8%AE%B7-%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E5%8D%91%E6%96%AF%E5%A4%A7%E5%8C%BA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="奥弗涅-罗讷-阿尔卑斯大区">奥弗涅-罗讷-阿尔卑斯</a><small>（Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes）</small></td> <td><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%87%8C%E6%98%82?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="里昂">里昂</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">69,711</td> <td style="text-align:right">7,757,595</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8B%83%E8%89%AE%E7%AC%AC-%E5%BC%97%E6%9C%97%E4%BB%80-%E5%AD%94%E6%B3%B0%E5%A4%A7%E5%8D%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="勃艮第-弗朗什-孔泰大區">勃艮第-弗朗什-孔泰</a><small>（Bourgogne-Franche-Comté）</small></td> <td><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E6%88%8E?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="第戎">第戎</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">47,784</td> <td style="text-align:right">2,816,814</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E5%88%97%E5%A1%94%E5%B0%BC%E5%A4%A7%E5%8D%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="布列塔尼大區">布列塔尼</a><small>（Bretagne）</small></td> <td><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%9B%B7%E6%81%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="雷恩">雷恩</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">27,208</td> <td style="text-align:right">3,273,343</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE-%E7%9B%A7%E7%93%A6%E7%88%BE%E6%B2%B3%E8%B0%B7%E5%A4%A7%E5%8D%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="中央-盧瓦爾河谷大區">中央-卢瓦尔河谷</a><small>（Centre-Val de Loire）</small></td> <td><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E5%B0%94%E8%89%AF?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="奥尔良">奥尔良</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">39,151</td> <td style="text-align:right">2,570,546</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E8%A5%BF%E5%98%89%E9%A2%86%E5%9C%9F%E9%9B%86%E4%BD%93?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="科西嘉领土集体">科西嘉</a><small>（Corse）</small></td> <td><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E9%9B%85%E5%85%8B%E8%82%96?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="阿雅克肖">阿雅克肖</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">8,680</td> <td style="text-align:right">320,208</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E6%B3%95%E8%98%AD%E8%A5%BF%E5%A4%A7%E5%8D%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="上法蘭西大區">上法兰西</a><small>（Hauts-de-France）</small></td> <td><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%87%8C%E5%B0%94?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="里尔">里尔</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">31,813</td> <td style="text-align:right">5,973,098</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%98%AD%E8%A5%BF%E5%B3%B6%E5%A4%A7%E5%8D%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法蘭西島大區">法兰西岛</a><small>（Île-de-France）</small></td> <td><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E9%BB%8E?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="巴黎">巴黎</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">12,012</td> <td style="text-align:right">11,959,807</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%AF%BA%E6%9B%BC%E5%BA%95%E5%A4%A7%E5%8C%BA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="诺曼底大区">诺曼底</a><small>（Normandie）</small></td> <td><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%AD%AF%E6%98%82?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="魯昂">魯昂</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">29,906</td> <td style="text-align:right">3,568,476</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E9%98%BF%E5%9F%BA%E5%9D%A6%E5%A4%A7%E5%8D%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="新阿基坦大區">新阿基坦</a><small>（Nouvelle-Aquitaine）</small></td> <td><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%B0%94%E5%A4%9A?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="波尔多">波尔多</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">84,061</td> <td style="text-align:right">5,808,594</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E5%85%8B%E8%A5%BF%E5%A1%94%E5%B0%BC%E5%A4%A7%E5%8D%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="奧克西塔尼大區">奥克西塔尼</a><small>（Occitanie）</small></td> <td><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%9B%BE%E5%8D%A2%E5%85%B9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="图卢兹">图卢兹</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">72,724</td> <td style="text-align:right">5,626,858</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%A2%E7%93%A6%E5%B0%94%E6%B2%B3%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA%E5%A4%A7%E5%8C%BA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="卢瓦尔河地区大区">卢瓦尔河地区</a><small>（Pays de la Loire）</small></td> <td><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E7%89%B9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="南特">南特</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">32,082</td> <td style="text-align:right">3,553,353</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E7%BD%97%E6%97%BA%E6%96%AF-%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E5%8D%91%E6%96%AF-%E8%94%9A%E8%93%9D%E6%B5%B7%E5%B2%B8%E5%A4%A7%E5%8C%BA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="普罗旺斯-阿尔卑斯-蔚蓝海岸大区">普罗旺斯-阿尔卑斯-蔚蓝海岸</a><small>（Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur）</small></td> <td><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E8%B5%9B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="马赛">马赛</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">31,400</td> <td style="text-align:right">4,935,576</td> </tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%93%9C%E5%BE%B7%E7%BD%97%E6%99%AE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="瓜德罗普">瓜德罗普</a></i><small>（Guadeloupe）</small></td> <td><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E5%B0%94_(%E7%93%9C%E5%BE%B7%E7%BD%97%E6%99%AE)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="巴斯特尔 (瓜德罗普)">巴斯特尔</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">1,628</td> <td style="text-align:right">403,750</td> </tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%B1%9E%E5%9C%AD%E4%BA%9A%E9%82%A3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="法属圭亚那">圭亚那</a></i><small>（Guyane）</small></td> <td><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%AE%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="卡宴">卡宴</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">83,534</td> <td style="text-align:right">239,450</td> </tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E6%8F%90%E5%B0%BC%E5%85%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="馬提尼克">马提尼克</a></i><small>（Martinique）</small></td> <td><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E8%A5%BF%E5%A0%A1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法兰西堡">法兰西堡</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">1,128</td> <td style="text-align:right">386,486</td> </tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%95%99%E5%B0%BC%E6%B1%AA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="留尼汪">留尼汪</a></i><small>（La Réunion）</small></td> <td><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E4%BD%86%E5%B0%BC_(%E7%95%99%E5%B0%BC%E6%B1%AA)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="圣但尼 (留尼汪)">圣但尼</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">2,511</td> <td style="text-align:right">844,994</td> </tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E7%BA%A6%E7%89%B9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="马约特">马约特</a></i><small>（Mayotte）</small></td> <td><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E7%A9%86%E6%A5%9A?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="马穆楚">马穆楚</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">374</td> <td style="text-align:right">212,645</td> </tr> </tbody> </table></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="政治"><span id=".E6.94.BF.E6.B2.BB"></span>政治</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&section=15&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="编辑章节：政治" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>编辑</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> 主条目：<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="法国政治">法国政治</a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> 参见：<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="法国政府">法国政府</a> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r70089473/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}</style> <div class="thumb tmulti tright"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width:408px;max-width:408px"> <div class="trow"> <div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"> <div class="thumbimage"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Emmanuel_Macron_March_2024_(4).jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Emmanuel_Macron_March_2024_%284%29.jpg/200px-Emmanuel_Macron_March_2024_%284%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="273" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1434" data-file-height="1956"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 273px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Emmanuel_Macron_March_2024_%284%29.jpg/200px-Emmanuel_Macron_March_2024_%284%29.jpg" data-alt="" data-width="200" data-height="273" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Emmanuel_Macron_March_2024_%284%29.jpg/300px-Emmanuel_Macron_March_2024_%284%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Emmanuel_Macron_March_2024_%284%29.jpg/400px-Emmanuel_Macron_March_2024_%284%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E9%A9%AC%E7%BA%BD%E5%9F%83%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E9%BE%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="埃马纽埃尔·马克龙">埃马纽埃尔·马克龙</a><br><small><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%9F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法国总统">总统</a>（2017年就任）</small> </div> </div> <div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"> <div class="thumbimage"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Brexit_debate_-_Michel_Barnier,_EU_Brexit_negotiator_(cropped).jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Brexit_debate_-_Michel_Barnier%2C_EU_Brexit_negotiator_%28cropped%29.jpg/200px-Brexit_debate_-_Michel_Barnier%2C_EU_Brexit_negotiator_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="272" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1377" data-file-height="1876"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 272px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Brexit_debate_-_Michel_Barnier%2C_EU_Brexit_negotiator_%28cropped%29.jpg/200px-Brexit_debate_-_Michel_Barnier%2C_EU_Brexit_negotiator_%28cropped%29.jpg" data-alt="" data-width="200" data-height="272" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Brexit_debate_-_Michel_Barnier%2C_EU_Brexit_negotiator_%28cropped%29.jpg/300px-Brexit_debate_-_Michel_Barnier%2C_EU_Brexit_negotiator_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Brexit_debate_-_Michel_Barnier%2C_EU_Brexit_negotiator_%28cropped%29.jpg/400px-Brexit_debate_-_Michel_Barnier%2C_EU_Brexit_negotiator_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%B1%B3%E6%AD%87%E7%88%BE%C2%B7%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%BC%E8%80%B6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="米歇爾·巴尼耶">米歇爾·巴尼耶</a><br><small><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E6%80%BB%E7%90%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法国总理">总理</a>（2024年就任）</small> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <p>法兰西共和国是实行<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%9F%E5%88%B6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="半总统制">半总统制</a>的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%95%E4%B8%80%E5%88%B6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="单一制">单一制</a><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="共和国">共和国</a>，具有悠久的民主传统<sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。法兰西第五共和国宪法于1958年9月28日由法国民众全体公民投票通过<sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，决定第五共和国的国家政体运作方式。此后宪法经历多次修订，它大幅度地增强行政机关与议会的关系。所有行政机关共有两位领袖，一是<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%9F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法国总统">共和国总统</a>，二是<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E6%80%BB%E7%90%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法国总理">总理</a>。</p> <p>总统是法国的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E5%85%83%E9%A6%96?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="国家元首">国家元首</a>，拥有任免总理，主持内阁会议和颁布法律的权力，同时也是国家军队的最高司令，由<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E9%81%B8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="普選">普选</a>直接产生，经过两轮投票，获过半数支持的候选人当选总统。总统任期原本为七年，2000年9月24日法国全民公投之后确立总统任期由七年缩短为五年，并最多可连任二次<sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。总统主持内阁会议，颁布法律；总统亦是三军统帅。另外，根据宪法第16条，在面临重大危机时，总统拥有采取非常措施的权力，例如宣布国家进入紧急状态或启动全国动员令等，并有权解散<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E6%B0%91%E8%AD%B0%E6%9C%83_(%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="國民議會 (法國)">国民议会</a>。目前的总统为<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E9%A9%AC%E7%BA%BD%E5%9F%83%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E9%BE%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="埃马纽埃尔·马克龙">埃马纽埃尔·马克龙</a>，是法兰西共和国的第二十五任总统，于2017年5月14日正式上任。</p> <p>总理是法国的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%E9%A6%96%E8%84%91?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="政府首脑">政府首脑</a>。总理系由<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E6%B0%91%E8%AD%B0%E6%9C%83_(%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="國民議會 (法國)">国民议会</a>席次过半党派（或联盟）组成的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="联合政府">联合政府</a>推举而出，由总统任命。根据法国宪法第8条，有权任命政府内阁其他成员。根据宪法第20和21条，在总理的领导下，政府决定并主管国家的政策；领导政府的运作，保证法律的实施；政府向议会负责，并对议会的议事日程有很大的影响力。过去总统和总理曾经分别隶属不同而互相对立的政党，当总统所属政党在国会占过半，总统所委任的总理就是总统所属政党，变成由总统主政，总理负责组阁。相反，当在野党在国会过半的话，那么总统需任命在野党所推举的人为总理，由总理主政，总理的权力较大，形成“左右共治”的局面，这个情况在1986年至1988年、1993年至1995年，以及1997年至2002年出现过，但自从总统任期缩短至5年后，由于和国民议会选举同年举行，出现“<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%8F%9B%E8%BB%8C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="換軌">左右共治</a>”局面的概率微乎其微。</p> <p><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E8%AE%AE%E4%BC%9A?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法国议会">法国议会</a>是<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%B8%A4%E9%99%A2%E5%88%B6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="两院制">两院制</a>机构，由<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E6%B0%91%E8%AD%B0%E6%9C%83_(%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="國民議會 (法國)">国民议会</a>（<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%B8%8B%E8%AE%AE%E9%99%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="下议院">下院</a>）和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8F%82%E8%AE%AE%E9%99%A2_(%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="参议院 (法国)">参议院</a>（<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E8%AE%AE%E9%99%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="上议院">上院</a>）组成<sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。国民议会是国家的最高立法机关，总共有577名议员，每名议员代表单一的选区。议会成员由民众直接选举产生，任期5年<sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。议会的多数派能够左右政府的决策。议会可以通过不信任案，或者拒绝政府的施政纲领而迫使政府向总统提出集体辞职，但无权弹劾总统。参议院总共有348名参议员（在2010年席次由321席增至348席），参议员由一个选举机构（取决于各地方议会的提名）选举产生，任期为6年，自2008年9月起每3年重新选举二分之一的参议员<sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>；参议院被视为法国地方势力在议会内的代表，参议院的立法职能受到限制；当两院意见不同时，国民议会拥有最后裁决权<sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。政府对于议会议程的安排具有很大影响。</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="法律"><span id=".E6.B3.95.E5.BE.8B"></span>法律</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&section=16&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="编辑章节：法律" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>编辑</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>法国法律制度属于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E9%99%86%E6%B3%95%E7%B3%BB?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="欧陆法系">欧陆法系</a><sup id="cite_ref-France_117-1" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-France-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，是成文法律，不容许法官制定法律，法官只能够根据法条来诠释法律（在某些领域的司法解释数量使得一些法律类似于遵循<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%88%A4%E6%B1%BA%E5%85%88%E4%BE%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="判決先例">判决先例</a>）。法国法律的基本<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E6%B2%BB?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法治">法治</a>精神仍然跟从《<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E6%B0%91%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法国民法典">法国民法典</a>》。根据《<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E6%9D%83%E5%92%8C%E5%85%AC%E6%B0%91%E6%9D%83%E5%AE%A3%E8%A8%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="人权和公民权宣言">人权宣言</a>》，只有危害社会的行为才会被禁止。前法国<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%BF%BB%E6%A1%88%E6%B3%95%E9%99%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="翻案法院">翻案法院</a>首席法官<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%B1%85%E4%BC%8A%C2%B7%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%BC%E9%9F%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="居伊·卡尼韦">居伊·卡尼韦</a>曾关于监狱管理事务写道：“自由是准则，对于自由的束缚是例外；任何对自由的束缚必须被依法进行，也必须遵循必要性原则与<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E4%BE%8B%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="比例原則">比例原则</a>”——即法律只有在必要时、不会造成额外麻烦时，才能出台禁律禁令，才能“束缚自由”。</p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Declaration_of_the_Rights_of_Man_and_of_the_Citizen_in_1789.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Declaration_of_the_Rights_of_Man_and_of_the_Citizen_in_1789.jpg/170px-Declaration_of_the_Rights_of_Man_and_of_the_Citizen_in_1789.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="216" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3657" data-file-height="4636"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 216px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Declaration_of_the_Rights_of_Man_and_of_the_Citizen_in_1789.jpg/170px-Declaration_of_the_Rights_of_Man_and_of_the_Citizen_in_1789.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="216" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Declaration_of_the_Rights_of_Man_and_of_the_Citizen_in_1789.jpg/255px-Declaration_of_the_Rights_of_Man_and_of_the_Citizen_in_1789.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Declaration_of_the_Rights_of_Man_and_of_the_Citizen_in_1789.jpg/340px-Declaration_of_the_Rights_of_Man_and_of_the_Citizen_in_1789.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> 现今法国法律必须遵循的原则源自1789年的《<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E6%9D%83%E5%AE%A3%E8%A8%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-disambig" title="人权宣言">人权宣言</a>》 </figcaption> </figure> <p>法国的法律体系分为两大主要领域——<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%A7%81%E6%B3%95?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="私法">私法</a>与<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E6%B3%95?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="公法">公法</a>。前者包括<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E6%B3%95?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="民法">民法</a>与<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%88%91%E6%B3%95?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="刑法">刑法</a>，后者包括<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E6%B3%95?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="行政法">行政法</a>和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%AE%AA%E6%B3%95?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="宪法">宪法</a>。只有《<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E8%A5%BF%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%98%E6%96%B9%E5%85%AC%E6%8A%A5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法兰西共和国官方公报">法兰西共和国官方公报</a>》上出版的条款才拥有法律效力。其中，刑法遵循<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%B8%8D%E6%BA%AF%E5%8F%8A%E6%97%A2%E5%BE%80%E5%8E%9F%E5%88%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="不溯及既往原则">不溯及既往原则</a>，<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%BF%BD%E6%BA%AF%E6%B3%95%E4%BB%A4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="追溯法令">追溯法令</a>被禁止<sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。就行政法而言，法国的行政法与一些国家行政法从属于民法的情形不同，是与其它法律完全分开且独立的。法国拥有两套相互独立的法院系统，即<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E6%B3%95%E9%99%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法国行政法院">行政法院系统</a>和普通法院系统，两者并行运转。两个法院系统有各自管辖的诉讼案件并能够作出最终的判决。行政法院系统，由行政法院、上诉行政法院和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E6%9C%80%E9%AB%98%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E6%B3%95%E9%99%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法国最高行政法院">最高行政法院</a>所组成，而普通法院系统则由基层法院（初审法庭、大审法庭、轻罪法院、重罪法院、商事法院、劳资调解委员会等）、上诉法院和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%BF%BB%E6%A1%88%E6%B3%95%E9%99%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="翻案法院">翻案法院</a>组成。为了解决两个法院系统在管辖范围上的争议，法国还设立权限争议法庭<sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</p> <p>法国政府并未制定有<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E6%B3%95?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="宗教法">宗教性质的法律</a>，也并未将宗教当作发布禁令的动机或是目的，但对于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%B0%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="宗教信仰自由">宗教信仰自由</a>的态度复杂。根据1789年《人权宣言》，信仰自由是宪法赋予公民的权利。自1905年政教分离法案实施以来，政府尽量避免宗教势力和因素对于决策的干预，但是近年来政府对于新兴宗教的态度违反宗教自由的准则——1995年起许多新兴信仰被议会认定为<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%82%AA%E6%95%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="邪教">邪教</a>；2004年法律禁止在学校穿戴宗教象征物；2010年法律禁止在公共场合佩戴伊斯兰面纱。一些人因此抱怨遭到歧视，造成不满，亦有相关组织如<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E7%89%B9%E8%B5%A6%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="国际特赦组织">国际特赦组织</a>和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E6%9D%83%E8%A7%82%E5%AF%9F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="人权观察">人权观察</a>对上述法案提出了批评<sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，但这些争议法案仍得到大多数人支持<sup id="cite_ref-Pew_134-0" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Pew-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</p> <p>法国的法律体系中，并无<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%80%A7%E6%82%96%E8%BB%8C%E6%B3%95?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="性悖軌法">性悖軌法</a>（1791年废除）或是<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%A4%BB%E7%80%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="褻瀆">亵渎法</a>之类明文条例，但是“反<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%81%93%E5%BE%B7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="道德">道德</a>”（contraires aux bonnes mœurs）和“扰乱公共秩序”（trouble à l'ordre public）的字眼曾常被用于限制街头卖淫和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E6%80%A7%E6%81%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="同性恋">同性恋</a>的公众表达，直至近年来<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/LGBT%E5%B9%B3%E6%AC%8A%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT平權運動">LGBT平权运动</a>在法国得到肯定。1999年，法国同性结合通过<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E4%BA%8B%E4%BA%92%E5%8A%A9%E5%A5%91%E7%B4%84?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="民事互助契約">民事互助契约</a>的登记成为可能；2013年5月，<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E5%90%8C%E6%80%A7%E5%A9%9A%E5%A7%BB?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法國同性婚姻">同性婚姻</a>与<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/LGBT%E6%94%B6%E9%A4%8A?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="LGBT收養">LGBT收养</a>完成合法化<sup id="cite_ref-135" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。法国于1881年便制定关于禁止歧视性言论的法案，但近年来，相关法案因侵犯<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%A8%80%E8%AE%BA%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="言论自由">言论自由</a>的理由而遭到质疑和争议<sup id="cite_ref-136" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。法国法律中亦有反对<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E7%8A%B9%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="反犹主义">反犹主义</a>以及<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%A7%8D%E6%97%8F%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="种族主义">种族主义</a>的条款<sup id="cite_ref-137" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，如1990年的《<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%9B%96%E7%B4%A2%E6%B3%95?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="盖索法">盖索法</a>》禁止了<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%90%A6%E8%AE%A4%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA%E5%A4%A7%E5%B1%A0%E6%9D%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="否认犹太人大屠杀">对于犹太人大屠杀的否认</a>。</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="外交"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E4.BA.A4"></span>外交</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&section=17&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="编辑章节：外交" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>编辑</span> </a> </span> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> 主条目：<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E5%A4%96%E4%BA%A4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法國外交">法國外交</a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F015892-0010,_Bonn,_Konrad_Adenauer_und_Charles_de_Gaulle.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F015892-0010%2C_Bonn%2C_Konrad_Adenauer_und_Charles_de_Gaulle.jpg/170px-Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F015892-0010%2C_Bonn%2C_Konrad_Adenauer_und_Charles_de_Gaulle.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="233" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2809" data-file-height="3845"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 233px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F015892-0010%2C_Bonn%2C_Konrad_Adenauer_und_Charles_de_Gaulle.jpg/170px-Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F015892-0010%2C_Bonn%2C_Konrad_Adenauer_und_Charles_de_Gaulle.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="233" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F015892-0010%2C_Bonn%2C_Konrad_Adenauer_und_Charles_de_Gaulle.jpg/255px-Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F015892-0010%2C_Bonn%2C_Konrad_Adenauer_und_Charles_de_Gaulle.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F015892-0010%2C_Bonn%2C_Konrad_Adenauer_und_Charles_de_Gaulle.jpg/340px-Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F015892-0010%2C_Bonn%2C_Konrad_Adenauer_und_Charles_de_Gaulle.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> 1963年，总统<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%A4%8F%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E6%88%B4%E9%AB%98%E4%B9%90?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="夏尔·戴高乐">夏尔·戴高乐</a>与<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%BE%B7%E6%80%BB%E7%90%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="西德总理">西德总理</a><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%BA%B7%E6%8B%89%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E7%99%BB%E7%BA%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="康拉德·阿登纳">康拉德·阿登纳</a>握手 </figcaption> </figure> <p>法国是<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E5%9B%BD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="联合国">联合国</a>的创始会员国，亦为<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E7%90%86%E4%BA%8B%E4%BC%9A%E5%B8%B8%E4%BB%BB%E7%90%86%E4%BA%8B%E5%9B%BD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="联合国安全理事会常任理事国">联合国安全理事会常任理事国</a>之一，拥有一票否决权<sup id="cite_ref-138" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。法国是<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%85%AB%E5%9B%BD%E9%9B%86%E5%9B%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="八国集团">八国集团</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E8%B4%B8%E6%98%93%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="世界贸易组织">世界贸易组织</a><sup id="cite_ref-139" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-139"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E6%B4%8B%E5%85%B1%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%93?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="太平洋共同体">太平洋共同体</a><sup id="cite_ref-140" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%AA%9E%E5%9C%88%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="法語圈國際組織">法语圈国际组织</a><sup id="cite_ref-141" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-141"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>以及<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E6%B4%8B%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="印度洋委员会">印度洋委员会</a>的正式成员<sup id="cite_ref-142" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，亦是<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E5%8B%92%E6%AF%94%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E8%81%94%E7%9B%9F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="加勒比国家联盟">加勒比国家联盟</a><sup id="cite_ref-143" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-143"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>的联系成员国。作为国际关系的重要枢纽，法国拥有<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E9%A7%90%E5%A4%96%E6%A9%9F%E6%A7%8B%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法國駐外機構列表">全世界第二大的外交网络</a>，驻外机构数量仅次于美国。法国是<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%90%88%E4%BD%9C%E4%B8%8E%E5%8F%91%E5%B1%95%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="经济合作与发展组织">经济合作与发展组织</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E5%9B%BD%E6%95%99%E7%A7%91%E6%96%87%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="联合国教科文组织">联合国教科文组织</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E5%88%91%E8%AD%A6%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="国际刑警组织">国际刑警组织</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E5%BA%A6%E9%87%8F%E8%A1%A1%E5%B1%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="國際度量衡局">国际度量衡局</a>以及<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%AA%9E%E5%9C%88%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="法語圈國際組織">法语圈国际组织</a>的总部所在地<sup id="cite_ref-144" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-144"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</p> <p>战后法国的外交战略受其<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E7%9B%9F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="欧盟">欧盟</a>成员身份影响很大。法国是<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E5%90%84%E5%85%B1%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%93?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="欧洲各共同体">欧洲各共同体</a>的六大创始成员国之一，自20世纪60年代以来法国一直致力于与<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%BE%B7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="西德">西德</a>发展友好的外交关系。<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%BE%B7%E9%97%9C%E4%BF%82?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="法德關係">法德关系</a>的升温是欧洲走向联合的一个重要驱动因素<sup id="cite_ref-145" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-145"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。在20世纪60年代，法国试图将英国排除于欧洲联合计划之外<sup id="cite_ref-146" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-146"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，但是英法之间的历史联系密不可分，使得意图无法实现。<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B3%E7%B3%BB?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="英法关系">法英关系</a>非常亲密：历史上，双方曾在1904年签订有“<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E6%B3%95%E5%8D%8F%E7%BA%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="英法协约">挚诚协定</a>”结成<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8F%E7%BA%A6%E5%9B%BD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="协约国">英法协约</a>；近年来英法合作频繁，2010年签订有重要的《<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="兰开斯特府条约" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="The Lancaster House Treaties (2010)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%B0%E5%BC%80%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E5%BA%9C%E6%9D%A1%E7%BA%A6&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="兰开斯特府条约（页面不存在）">兰开斯特府条约</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Lancaster_House_Treaties_(2010)" class="extiw" title="en:The Lancaster House Treaties (2010)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">The Lancaster House Treaties (2010)</span></a></span>）</span></span>》，加强双方的军事防务合作。</p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Press_Availability_-_The_Official_State_Visit_of_France_(41659628672).jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Press_Availability_-_The_Official_State_Visit_of_France_%2841659628672%29.jpg/220px-Press_Availability_-_The_Official_State_Visit_of_France_%2841659628672%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Press_Availability_-_The_Official_State_Visit_of_France_%2841659628672%29.jpg/220px-Press_Availability_-_The_Official_State_Visit_of_France_%2841659628672%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Press_Availability_-_The_Official_State_Visit_of_France_%2841659628672%29.jpg/330px-Press_Availability_-_The_Official_State_Visit_of_France_%2841659628672%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Press_Availability_-_The_Official_State_Visit_of_France_%2841659628672%29.jpg/440px-Press_Availability_-_The_Official_State_Visit_of_France_%2841659628672%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> 2018年，总统马克龙与<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%9F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="美国总统">美国总统</a><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%94%90%E7%BA%B3%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E7%89%B9%E6%9C%97%E6%99%AE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="唐纳德·特朗普">唐纳德·特朗普</a> </figcaption> </figure> <p>早在1547年，法国就创立了世界上最早的外交部门制度，在1589年，四位法国<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E5%8A%A1%E5%A4%A7%E8%87%A3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="国务大臣">国务大臣</a>的职位变得专门化，其中一位便是<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%A4%96%E4%BA%A4%E9%83%A8%E9%95%BF?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="外交部长">外交大臣</a>。</p> <p>法国是<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%A4%A7%E8%A5%BF%E6%B4%8B%E5%85%AC%E7%BA%A6%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="北大西洋公约组织">北大西洋公约组织</a>的成员。<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%88%B4%E9%AB%98%E4%B9%90?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="戴高乐">戴高乐</a>总统任期奉行独立的外交政策，退出北约的军事指挥机构，并驱逐法国境内北约部队<sup id="cite_ref-147" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-147"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。法国强烈反对<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%8B%89%E5%85%8B%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="伊拉克战争">2003年多国部队武装干涉伊拉克</a><sup id="cite_ref-148" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-148"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-149" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-149"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E7%BE%8E%E9%97%9C%E4%BF%82?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="法美關係">法美关系</a>及<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B3%E7%B3%BB?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="英法关系">法英关系</a>一度紧张<sup id="cite_ref-150" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-150"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-151" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-151"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-152" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-152"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E5%8F%A4%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E8%90%A8%E7%A7%91%E9%BD%90?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="尼古拉·萨科齐">萨科齐</a>总统任期又奉行亲美政策（被国内左派及部分右派批评）<sup id="cite_ref-153" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-153"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-154" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-154"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，于2009年重返北约军事组织。</p> <p>20世纪90年代早期，法国曾因为在<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%B1%9E%E6%B3%A2%E5%88%A9%E5%B0%BC%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="法属波利尼西亚">法属波利尼西亚</a>实行地下核试验而受到国际批评<sup id="cite_ref-155" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-155"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。此外，法国在部分前法属殖民地国家保持有强大的政治和经济影响力<sup id="cite_ref-156" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-156"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，曾向<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E7%89%B9%E8%BF%AA%E7%93%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="科特迪瓦">科特迪瓦</a>和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%B9%8D%E5%BE%97?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="乍得">乍得</a>发放物资支援及出兵<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%92%8C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="维和">维和</a><sup id="cite_ref-157" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-157"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。2013年，法国出兵介入<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E9%87%8C%E5%8C%97%E9%83%A8%E5%86%B2%E7%AA%81?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="马里北部冲突">马里北部冲突</a>，协助马里政府与<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%89%8E%E7%93%A6%E5%BE%B7%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E8%A7%A3%E6%94%BE%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="阿扎瓦德民族解放运动">阿扎瓦德民族解放运动</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E5%8D%AB%E5%A3%AB?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="伊斯兰卫士">伊斯兰卫士</a>和<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="西非圣战统一运动" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Movement for Oneness and Jihad in West Africa"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E9%9D%9E%E5%9C%A3%E6%88%98%E7%BB%9F%E4%B8%80%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="西非圣战统一运动（页面不存在）">西非圣战统一运动</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Movement_for_Oneness_and_Jihad_in_West_Africa" class="extiw" title="en:Movement for Oneness and Jihad in West Africa"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Movement for Oneness and Jihad in West Africa</span></a></span>）</span></span>等武装组织作战。</p> <p>2015年，法国是世界第五大<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8F%91%E5%B1%95%E6%8F%B4%E5%8A%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="发展援助">发展援助</a>支出国，位于美国、英国、德国和日本之后。发展援助支出占法国<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/GDP?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="GDP">GDP</a>的0.37%，比率排名世界第十一<sup id="cite_ref-OECD-2015_158-0" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-OECD-2015-158"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。法国的发展援助由<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91%E7%BD%B2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法国开发署">法国开发署</a>管理运作，主要投资于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%92%92%E5%93%88%E6%8B%89%E4%BB%A5%E5%8D%97%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="撒哈拉以南非洲">撒哈拉以南非洲</a>的人道主义支援，目标为帮助目标地区“发展基础设施、卫生保健及教育事业，协助实行适合的经济政策，巩固民主法治”<sup id="cite_ref-aid_159-0" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-aid-159"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="军事"><span id=".E5.86.9B.E4.BA.8B"></span>军事</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&section=18&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="编辑章节：军事" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>编辑</span> </a> </span> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> 主条目：<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E8%BB%8D%E4%BA%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="法國軍事">法國軍事</a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Francois_Hollande_Bastille_Day_2013_Paris_t101739.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Francois_Hollande_Bastille_Day_2013_Paris_t101739.jpg/220px-Francois_Hollande_Bastille_Day_2013_Paris_t101739.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="5000" data-file-height="3337"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Francois_Hollande_Bastille_Day_2013_Paris_t101739.jpg/220px-Francois_Hollande_Bastille_Day_2013_Paris_t101739.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Francois_Hollande_Bastille_Day_2013_Paris_t101739.jpg/330px-Francois_Hollande_Bastille_Day_2013_Paris_t101739.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Francois_Hollande_Bastille_Day_2013_Paris_t101739.jpg/440px-Francois_Hollande_Bastille_Day_2013_Paris_t101739.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> 法国总统奥朗德与国防部参谋长<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E9%83%BD%E5%B0%94%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%90%89%E7%BA%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="埃都尔德·吉约">爱德华·吉约</a>检阅2013年<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%A3%AB%E5%BA%95%E6%97%A5%E9%96%B1%E5%85%B5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="巴士底日閱兵">巴士底日阅兵</a>受阅部队。每年7月14日法国都会于巴黎举行<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%A3%AB%E5%BA%95%E6%97%A5%E9%96%B1%E5%85%B5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="巴士底日閱兵">巴士底日阅兵</a>，这是欧洲最古老的例行军事游行之一<sup id="cite_ref-160" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-160"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </figcaption> </figure> <p><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E8%BB%8D%E4%BA%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="法國軍事">法国武装力量</a>（Forces armées françaises）的最高统帅为<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%9F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法国总统">法国总统</a>，由<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%86%E5%86%9B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="法国陆军">法国陆军</a>（Armée de Terre）、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E6%B5%B7%E8%BB%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="法國海軍">法国海军</a>（Marine Nationale）、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E7%A9%BA%E5%86%9B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="法国空军">法国空军</a>（Armée de l'Air）和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E6%86%B2%E5%85%B5_(%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="國家憲兵 (法國)">国家宪兵</a>（Gendarmerie nationale）组成。2014年，法国武装力量共有约22万名常备军人，位列世界第24位。法国军事发展历史悠久，对欧洲历史甚至世界历史都有多次关键影响。法国2022年常备军费開銷为536亿美元，占国内生产总值1.9%，<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%90%84%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E9%98%B2%E9%A2%84%E7%AE%97%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="各国国防预算列表">世界排行第八</a><sup id="cite_ref-SIPRI_161-0" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-SIPRI-161"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>142<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。法国是<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E7%90%86%E4%BA%8B%E4%BC%9A%E5%B8%B8%E4%BB%BB%E7%90%86%E4%BA%8B%E5%9B%BD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="联合国安全理事会常任理事国">联合国安全理事会常任理事国</a>之一，亦是<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E7%BA%A6%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="北约组织">北约组织</a>特许成员国，冷战时期和诸多北约国家都进行过国内和国外的联合行动。在北约以外，法国于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="非洲">非洲</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%9C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="中东">中东</a>和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%94%E5%B9%B2%E5%8D%8A%E5%B2%9B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="巴尔干半岛">巴尔干半岛</a>积极或消极地参与有各种单方或多方维和行动，也时常扮演领导角色。1997年以来，法国从未实施过<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%BE%81%E5%85%B5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="征兵">征兵</a><sup id="cite_ref-162" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-162"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>143<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</p> <p>由于国家宪兵的警察职能因素，其事实上由<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E5%86%85%E6%94%BF%E9%83%A8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法国内政部">内政部</a>管辖，而非<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E9%98%B2%E9%83%A8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法国国防部">国防部</a>；<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E6%86%B2%E5%85%B5%E5%B9%B2%E9%A0%90%E9%9A%8A?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="國家憲兵干預隊">国家宪兵干预队</a>（Groupe d'Intervention de la Gendarmerie Nationale，GIGN）属国家宪兵编制，当国家宪兵履行军事任务时作为<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E7%A8%AE%E9%83%A8%E9%9A%8A?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="特種部隊">特种部队</a>出现。此外，国家宪兵的下属单位还有<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="法国机动宪兵" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Mobile Gendarmerie"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E6%9C%BA%E5%8A%A8%E5%AE%AA%E5%85%B5&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="法国机动宪兵（页面不存在）">机动宪兵</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_Gendarmerie" class="extiw" title="en:Mobile Gendarmerie"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Mobile Gendarmerie</span></a></span>）</span></span>，负责维护公共秩序；<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B%E8%A1%9B%E9%9A%8A?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法國共和國衛隊">共和国卫队</a>，负责政府机构的警卫工作；<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="海上宪兵队" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Maritime Gendarmerie"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%B5%B7%E4%B8%8A%E5%AE%AA%E5%85%B5%E9%98%9F&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="海上宪兵队（页面不存在）">海上宪兵队</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maritime_Gendarmerie" class="extiw" title="en:Maritime Gendarmerie"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Maritime Gendarmerie</span></a></span>）</span></span>，负责海岸警卫。就情报单位而言，<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%AF%B9%E5%A4%96%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E6%80%BB%E5%B1%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="对外安全总局">对外安全总局</a>是隶属于国防部的对外情报机构；<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%AF%B9%E5%86%85%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E6%80%BB%E5%B1%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="对内安全总局">对内安全总局</a>则是隶属于内政部和<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="法国国家警察总局" data-lang-code="fr" data-lang-name="法语" data-foreign-title="Direction générale de la Police nationale"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E8%AD%A6%E5%AF%9F%E6%80%BB%E5%B1%80&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="法国国家警察总局（页面不存在）">国家警察总局</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">法语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direction_g%25C3%25A9n%25C3%25A9rale_de_la_Police_nationale" class="extiw" title="fr:Direction générale de la Police nationale"><span lang="fr" dir="auto">Direction générale de la Police nationale</span></a></span>）</span></span>的对内情报机构。<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%96%E7%B1%8D%E5%85%B5%E5%9B%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法国外籍兵团">法国外籍兵团</a>是隶属于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%86%E5%86%9B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="法国陆军">法国陆军</a>的一支特殊部队，于1830年建立，主要由来自140多个国家、意愿效力法军的外籍人员组成，其服役满五年后可申请法国国籍。</p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Charles_De_Gaulle_(R91)_underway_2009.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Charles_De_Gaulle_%28R91%29_underway_2009.jpg/220px-Charles_De_Gaulle_%28R91%29_underway_2009.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="790" data-file-height="570"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 159px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Charles_De_Gaulle_%28R91%29_underway_2009.jpg/220px-Charles_De_Gaulle_%28R91%29_underway_2009.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="159" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Charles_De_Gaulle_%28R91%29_underway_2009.jpg/330px-Charles_De_Gaulle_%28R91%29_underway_2009.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Charles_De_Gaulle_%28R91%29_underway_2009.jpg/440px-Charles_De_Gaulle_%28R91%29_underway_2009.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%88%B4%E9%AB%98%E4%B9%90%E5%8F%B7%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA%E6%AF%8D%E8%88%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="戴高乐号航空母舰">戴高乐号航空母舰</a>，法国海军的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%97%97%E8%88%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="旗舰">旗舰</a> </figcaption> </figure> <p>法国是<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E6%AD%A6%E5%99%A8%E6%93%81%E6%9C%89%E5%9C%8B%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="核武器擁有國列表">擁核國家</a>，拥有<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%93%81%E6%9C%89%E6%A0%B8%E6%AD%A6%E5%99%A8%E7%9A%84%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="擁有核武器的國家列表">世界第三大核武贮备量</a>，签署有《<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E9%9D%A2%E7%A6%81%E6%AD%A2%E6%A0%B8%E8%AF%95%E9%AA%8C%E6%9D%A1%E7%BA%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="全面禁止核试验条约">全面禁止核试验条约</a>》<sup id="cite_ref-status_163-0" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-status-163"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>144<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>和《<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%B8%8D%E6%89%A9%E6%95%A3%E6%A0%B8%E6%AD%A6%E5%99%A8%E6%9D%A1%E7%BA%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="不扩散核武器条约">不扩散核武器条约</a>》。曾經擁有<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E4%B8%89%E4%BD%8D%E4%B8%80%E4%BD%93?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="核三位一体">核三位一體</a>打擊能力。法国现有核力量包括4艘搭载<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%BD%9C%E5%B0%84%E5%BC%B9%E9%81%93%E5%AF%BC%E5%BC%B9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="潜射弹道导弹">潜射弹道导弹</a>的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%87%B1%E6%97%8B%E7%B4%9A%E6%A0%B8%E6%BD%9B%E8%89%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="凱旋級核潛艇">凯旋级核潜艇</a>，以及大约60枚搭载有<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E6%AD%A6%E5%99%A8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="核武器">核弹头</a>的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ASMP%E9%A3%9B%E5%BD%88?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ASMP飛彈">ASMP</a>中距<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%A9%BA%E5%AF%B9%E5%9C%B0%E5%AF%BC%E5%BC%B9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="空对地导弹">空对地导弹</a><sup id="cite_ref-164" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-164"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。其中，约50枚用于武装空军的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%B9%BB%E5%BD%B12000%E6%88%98%E6%96%97%E6%9C%BA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E5%B9%BB%E8%B1%A12000N" title="幻影2000战斗机">幻影2000N</a>，10枚用于武装海军的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E7%B4%9A%E8%BB%8D%E6%97%97%E6%94%BB%E6%93%8A%E6%A9%9F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="超級軍旗攻擊機">超級軍旗攻擊機</a>（SEM）。这两种机种皆可作为<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%88%B4%E9%AB%98%E4%B9%90%E5%8F%B7%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA%E6%AF%8D%E8%88%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="戴高乐号航空母舰">戴高乐号航空母舰</a>的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%88%B0%E8%BD%BD%E6%9C%BA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="舰载机">舰载机</a>，而可搭载ASMP-A型导弹的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%98%B5%E9%A3%8E%E6%88%98%E6%96%97%E6%9C%BA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="阵风战斗机">阵风战斗机</a>将逐渐取代幻影2000N和SEM的核打击机地位。</p> <p>法国拥有规模庞大的军事工业，其中以航空制造业为代表<sup id="cite_ref-165" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-165"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>146<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-166" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-166"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>147<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。阵风战斗机和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%A3%9E%E9%B1%BC%E5%8F%8D%E8%88%B0%E5%AF%BC%E5%BC%B9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="飞鱼反舰导弹">飞鱼反舰导弹</a>即为其杰作。法国亦是欧洲武器联合开发计划的主要参与者，尽管其退出<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E9%A3%8E%E6%88%98%E6%96%97%E6%9C%BA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="台风战斗机">台风战斗机</a>的设计计划，法国仍然是<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%99%8E%E5%BC%8F%E7%9B%B4%E5%8D%87%E6%9C%BA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="虎式直升机">虎式直升机</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E5%A4%9A%E7%94%A8%E9%80%94%E5%B7%A1%E9%98%B2%E8%88%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="欧洲多用途巡防舰">欧洲多用途巡防舰</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E7%BB%8F%E5%85%83%E6%97%A0%E4%BA%BA%E4%BD%9C%E6%88%98%E9%A3%9E%E6%9C%BA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="神经元无人作战飞机">神经元无人作战飞机</a>和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%A9%BA%E4%B8%AD%E5%B7%B4%E5%A3%ABA400M?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="空中巴士A400M">空中巴士A400M</a>等开发计划的主要贡献者之一。除上述武器之外，著名的法国制武器还有<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/FAMAS%E7%AA%81%E6%93%8A%E6%AD%A5%E6%A7%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="FAMAS突擊步槍">FAMAS突擊步槍</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/PAMAS-G1%E6%89%8B%E6%9E%AA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="PAMAS-G1手枪">PAMAS-G1手枪</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8B%92%E5%85%8B%E8%90%8A%E7%88%BE%E4%B8%BB%E6%88%B0%E5%9D%A6%E5%85%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="勒克萊爾主戰坦克">勒克萊爾主戰坦克</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/VBCI%E8%A3%9D%E6%AD%A5%E6%88%B0%E8%BB%8A?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="VBCI裝步戰車">VBCI裝步戰車</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%8C%97%E9%A2%A8%E7%B4%9A%E5%85%A9%E6%A3%B2%E7%AA%81%E6%93%8A%E8%89%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="西北風級兩棲突擊艦">西北風級兩棲突擊艦</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%98%87%E5%BC%97%E6%9C%97%E7%B4%9A%E6%BD%9B%E8%89%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="蘇弗朗級潛艦">蘇弗朗級潛艦</a>等。法国是世界上主要的军火销售商<sup id="cite_ref-167" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-167"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>148<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-168" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-168"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>149<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，法制武器于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8F%91%E5%B1%95%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="发展中国家">发展中国家</a>市场中广受欢迎，主要集中于导弹、军舰和航天设备。2022年，法国军工出口额达270亿欧元，其中出口至阿联酋占到至少160亿欧元<sup id="cite_ref-169" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-169"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>150<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%BE%BE%E7%B4%A2%E9%9B%86%E5%9B%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="达索集团">达索集团</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%B0%E9%9B%B7%E5%85%B9%E9%9B%86%E5%9B%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="泰雷兹集团">泰雷兹集团</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%B3%BD%E5%B3%B0%E9%9B%86%E5%9C%98?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="賽峰集團">賽峰集團</a>是法国主要的军工企业<sup id="cite_ref-170" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-170"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>151<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="财政"><span id=".E8.B4.A2.E6.94.BF"></span>财政</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&section=19&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="编辑章节：财政" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>编辑</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>法国政府的财政状况并不乐观。2012年，法国政府债务水平达到1.8万亿欧元，相当于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/GDP?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="GDP">GDP</a>的90%<sup id="cite_ref-171" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-171"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>152<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。同年，<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BF%A1%E7%94%A8%E8%AF%84%E7%BA%A7%E6%9C%BA%E6%9E%84?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="信用评级机构">信用评级机构</a>警告法国政府的债务水平危及其<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%90%84%E5%9C%8B%E4%BF%A1%E7%94%A8%E8%A9%95%E7%B4%9A%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="各國信用評級列表">AAA的信用评级</a>，增加信用评级下调和借贷成本上升的风险<sup id="cite_ref-172" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-172"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>153<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。据<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E7%9B%9F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="欧盟">欧盟</a>的相关要求，法国必须将<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E5%80%BA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="国债">国债</a>限制在经济产出的60%（或是根据该上限自结构上下调比率），且公共赤字不能超过GDP的3%。</p> <p>自20世纪70年代以来，法国政府长期存在<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%B4%A2%E6%94%BF%E8%B5%A4%E5%AD%97?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="财政赤字">财政赤字</a>。<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E6%9C%97%E7%B4%A2%E7%93%A6%C2%B7%E5%A5%A5%E6%9C%97%E5%BE%B7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="弗朗索瓦·奥朗德">弗朗索瓦·奥朗德</a>总统反对<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="财政紧缩" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Austerity"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E8%B4%A2%E6%94%BF%E7%B4%A7%E7%BC%A9&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="财政紧缩（页面不存在）">财政紧缩措施</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austerity" class="extiw" title="en:Austerity"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Austerity</span></a></span>）</span></span>，上任后宣称要在2017年消除政府的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%B4%A2%E6%94%BF%E8%B5%A4%E5%AD%97?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="财政赤字">财政赤字</a>。在奥朗德所属的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%85%9A_(%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="社会党 (法国)">社会党</a>于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2012%E5%B9%B4%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E4%BC%9A%E9%80%89%E4%B8%BE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="2012年法国国会选举">2012年国会选举</a>大获全胜后，新任政府得以修改宪法，以实行财政改革。新政府取消对富人的减税免税政策，并将最大<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%B4%AF%E9%80%B2%E7%A8%85%E7%8E%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="累進稅率">累进税率</a>提高到75%，带来100多万欧元的收入。政府恢复此前裁减的6万个公共教育岗位，并调整租金的涨幅。政府亦为穷人建立额外的公共住房。此外，公民的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%80%80%E4%BC%91?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="退休">退休</a>年龄被延长至60岁，工龄满42年的可领取全额退休金。法国政府债券的利率下降30%，达到纪录最低点<sup id="cite_ref-bloomberg.com_173-0" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-bloomberg.com-173"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>154<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，较德国政府债券利率低50个<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%82%B9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="基点">基点</a><sup id="cite_ref-Bloomberg_2012_174-0" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Bloomberg_2012-174"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>155<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="经济"><span id=".E7.BB.8F.E6.B5.8E"></span>经济</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&section=20&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="编辑章节：经济" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>编辑</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> 主条目：<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="法国经济">法国经济</a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Twilight_in_La_D%C3%A9fense,_Paris_2014.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Twilight_in_La_D%C3%A9fense%2C_Paris_2014.jpg/220px-Twilight_in_La_D%C3%A9fense%2C_Paris_2014.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4321" data-file-height="2862"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 146px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Twilight_in_La_D%C3%A9fense%2C_Paris_2014.jpg/220px-Twilight_in_La_D%C3%A9fense%2C_Paris_2014.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="146" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Twilight_in_La_D%C3%A9fense%2C_Paris_2014.jpg/330px-Twilight_in_La_D%C3%A9fense%2C_Paris_2014.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Twilight_in_La_D%C3%A9fense%2C_Paris_2014.jpg/440px-Twilight_in_La_D%C3%A9fense%2C_Paris_2014.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E9%BB%8E?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="巴黎">巴黎</a><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E5%BE%B7%E8%8A%B3%E6%96%AF?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="拉德芳斯">拉德芳斯</a>为欧洲最大的城市商务区 </figcaption> </figure> <p>法国按其<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/GDP?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="GDP">GDP</a>为<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%90%84%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E5%86%85%E7%94%9F%E4%BA%A7%E6%80%BB%E5%80%BC%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8_(%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E6%B1%87%E7%8E%87)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="各国国内生产总值列表 (国际汇率)">全球第七大经济体</a>。法国属于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E5%85%83%E5%8C%BA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="欧元区">欧元区</a>和欧盟<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%96%AE%E4%B8%80%E5%B8%82%E5%A0%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="單一市場">单一市场</a>的一部分，2002年，<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E5%85%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="欧元">欧元</a>代替<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E6%B3%95%E9%83%8E?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法国法郎">法郎</a>成为国家的官方货币<sup id="cite_ref-euroc_175-0" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-euroc-175"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>156<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-176" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-176"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>157<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-177" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-177"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>158<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。2015年<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%B4%A2%E5%AF%8C%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C500%E5%BC%BA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="财富世界500强">财富世界500强</a>榜单中，有31家法国企业<sup id="cite_ref-178" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-178"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>159<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。根据<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E8%B4%B8%E6%98%93%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="世界贸易组织">世界贸易组织</a>的统计，2009年，法国是世界第六大制成品出口国以及第四大进口国<sup id="cite_ref-179" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-179"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>160<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。2008年，法国获得1180亿美元的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%A4%96%E5%95%86%E7%9B%B4%E6%8E%A5%E6%8A%95%E8%B3%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="外商直接投資">外商直接投资</a>，位居<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%90%88%E4%BD%9C%E4%B8%8E%E5%8F%91%E5%B1%95%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="经济合作与发展组织">经济合作与发展组织</a>成员国中的第三位<sup id="cite_ref-FDI_180-0" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FDI-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>161<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FDI2_181-0" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FDI2-181"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>162<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，次于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%A2%E6%A3%AE%E5%A0%A1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="卢森堡">卢森堡</a>和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="美国">美国</a>；同年法国企业对外投资2200亿美元，位居经济合作与发展组织成员国中的第二位<sup id="cite_ref-FDI_180-1" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FDI-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>161<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FDI2_181-1" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FDI2-181"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>162<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，仅次于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="美国">美国</a>。法国人享有高水平的生活质量，教育水平和较长的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%A2%84%E6%9C%9F%E5%AF%BF%E5%91%BD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="预期寿命">预期寿命</a>。</p> <p>法国经济是结合<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E5%8C%96?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="现代化">现代化</a>的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%B5%84%E6%9C%AC%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="资本主义">资本主义</a>经济<sup id="cite_ref-182" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-182"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>163<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-183" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-183"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>164<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>以及政府干预的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B7%B7%E5%90%88%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="混合经济">混合经济</a>，政府在各个行业的主要版块仍有重要影响；在<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%93%81%E8%B7%AF?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="铁路">铁路</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E5%8A%9B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="电力">电力</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="航空">航空</a>和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E4%BF%A1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="电信">电信</a>领域，政府握有主要控制权<sup id="cite_ref-France_117-2" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-France-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。这使得法国经济有较强的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E8%B5%84%E6%9C%AC%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="国家资本主义">国家资本主义</a>色彩。从20世纪90年代初开始，法国政府就一直在逐渐放宽对这些版块的控管<sup id="cite_ref-France_117-3" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-France-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，并正在缓慢地释出在<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E9%9B%BB%E4%BF%A1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="法國電信">法国电信</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="法国航空">法国航空</a>以及保险、金融、国防企业的控股份额<sup id="cite_ref-France_117-4" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-France-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</p> <p><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%87%91%E8%9E%8D%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1%E4%B8%9A?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="金融服务业">金融服务业</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%93%B6%E8%A1%8C%E4%B8%9A?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="银行业">银行业</a>和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E9%99%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="保险">保险业</a>是法国经济的重要组成部分。<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E9%BB%8E%E8%AD%89%E5%88%B8%E4%BA%A4%E6%98%93%E6%89%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="巴黎證券交易所">巴黎证券交易所</a>（La Bourse de Paris）历史悠久，于1724年由<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%B7%AF%E6%98%93%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%94?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="路易十五">路易十五</a>设立<sup id="cite_ref-184" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-184"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>165<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，为欧洲第二大证券交易所，仅次于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BC%A6%E6%95%A6%E8%AF%81%E5%88%B8%E4%BA%A4%E6%98%93%E6%89%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="伦敦证券交易所">伦敦证券交易所</a>。2000年3月，巴黎、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E9%B2%81%E5%A1%9E%E5%B0%94%E8%AF%81%E5%88%B8%E4%BA%A4%E6%98%93%E6%89%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="布鲁塞尔证券交易所">布鲁塞尔</a>和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%A7%86%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E4%B8%B9%E8%AF%81%E5%88%B8%E4%BA%A4%E6%98%93%E6%89%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="阿姆斯特丹证券交易所">阿姆斯特丹</a>三家证券交易所合并为<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%9B%E6%AD%90%E4%BA%A4%E6%98%93%E6%89%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="泛歐交易所">泛欧交易所</a>，提供全欧洲交易服务<sup id="cite_ref-banque_185-0" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-banque-185"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>166<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。2007年，泛欧交易所与<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%BA%BD%E7%BA%A6%E8%AF%81%E5%88%B8%E4%BA%A4%E6%98%93%E6%89%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="纽约证券交易所">纽约证券交易所</a>合并为<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%BA%BD%E7%BA%A6%E6%B3%9B%E6%AC%A7%E8%AF%81%E5%88%B8%E4%BA%A4%E6%98%93%E6%89%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="纽约泛欧证券交易所">纽约泛欧证券交易所</a>，成为世界最大的证券交易所<sup id="cite_ref-banque_185-1" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-banque-185"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>166<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。在世界保险业和银行业中，法国企业具有重要的地位。<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E5%B7%B4%E9%BB%8E%E9%8A%80%E8%A1%8C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法國巴黎銀行">法国巴黎银行</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E5%86%9C%E4%B8%9A%E4%BF%A1%E8%B4%B7%E9%93%B6%E8%A1%8C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法国农业信贷银行">法国农业信贷银行</a>分别为世界第一大和第六大银行（根据资产排名，2010年统计<sup id="cite_ref-186" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-186"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>167<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>），<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E5%85%B4%E4%B8%9A%E9%93%B6%E8%A1%8C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法国兴业银行">法国兴业银行</a>2009年的总资产排名世界第八；<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E7%9B%9B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="安盛">安盛</a>则是世界上最大的保险公司。</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="农业"><span id=".E5.86.9C.E4.B8.9A"></span>农业</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&section=21&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="编辑章节：农业" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>编辑</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Champ_de_bl%C3%A9_Seine-et-Marne.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Champ_de_bl%C3%A9_Seine-et-Marne.jpg/220px-Champ_de_bl%C3%A9_Seine-et-Marne.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="168" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2474" data-file-height="1885"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 168px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Champ_de_bl%C3%A9_Seine-et-Marne.jpg/220px-Champ_de_bl%C3%A9_Seine-et-Marne.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="168" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Champ_de_bl%C3%A9_Seine-et-Marne.jpg/330px-Champ_de_bl%C3%A9_Seine-et-Marne.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Champ_de_bl%C3%A9_Seine-et-Marne.jpg/440px-Champ_de_bl%C3%A9_Seine-et-Marne.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E8%A5%BF%E5%B2%9B%E5%A4%A7%E5%8C%BA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="法兰西岛大区">法兰西岛大区</a>的一处小麦田 </figcaption> </figure> <p>法国农业人口占总人口的3.8%，农产品行业产值占法国2005年<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/GDP?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="GDP">GDP</a>的4.2%<sup id="cite_ref-ministère_187-0" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-minist%C3%A8re-187"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>168<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。肥沃的田土、先进的技术以及<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%85%B1%E5%90%8C%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD%E6%94%BF%E7%AD%96?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="共同農業政策">欧盟补贴</a>使法国成为欧洲领先的农业生产国<sup id="cite_ref-188" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-188"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>169<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，其农业生产量占欧洲总量的20%<sup id="cite_ref-ministère_187-1" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-minist%C3%A8re-187"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>168<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，是世界第三大农产品出口国<sup id="cite_ref-189" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-189"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>170<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E9%BA%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="小麦">小麦</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%AE%B6%E7%A6%BD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="家禽">家禽</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%B9%B3%E5%88%B6%E5%93%81?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="乳制品">乳制品</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%89%9B%E8%82%89?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="牛肉">牛肉</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%8C%AA%E8%82%89?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="猪肉">猪肉</a>和国际认证<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E5%B7%A5%E9%A3%9F%E5%93%81?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="加工食品">加工食品</a>是法国主要的农业出口品。牛奶及乳品、猪肉、家禽，以及<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%8B%B9%E6%9E%9C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="苹果">苹果</a>的生产都集中在西部地区。牛肉产自法国中部，而<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E9%85%92?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="葡萄酒">葡萄酒</a>的生产则分布于法国中部和南部地区。法国<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%95%9C%E7%89%A7%E4%B8%9A?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="畜牧业">畜牧业</a>在<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="第二次世界大战">第二次世界大战</a>后发展较快。20世纪80年代初，畜牧业和种植业的产值比重大致保持在55%和45%左右。另外，农场平均规模不断扩大，根据1980年度农业普查，平均规模已经超过25公顷。这些大农场主要分布在巴黎盆地。畜牧业集中在<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%AF%BA%E6%9B%BC%E5%BA%95?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="诺曼底">诺曼底</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E5%88%97%E5%A1%94%E5%B0%BC?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="布列塔尼">布列塔尼</a>和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E9%AB%98%E5%8E%9F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法國中央高原">法国中央高原</a>。中央高原以养牛业为主，布列塔尼以养猪为主，西北部则以养羊为主。当地养禽业较普遍，<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%B9%85%E8%82%9D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="鹅肝">鹅肝</a>就是有名的出口食品。在酒品方面，<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%A1%83%E7%BA%A2%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E9%85%92?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="桃红葡萄酒">桃红葡萄酒</a>主要供应国内消费，而法国产<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%A7%9F%E9%85%92?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="香槟酒">香槟酒</a>和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%B0%94%E5%A4%9A%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E9%85%92?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="波尔多葡萄酒">波尔多葡萄酒</a>则世界闻名，亦是重要的出口品。<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%81%94%E8%83%BD%E9%9B%86%E5%9C%98?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="達能集團">达能集团</a>是著名的法国乳制品加工商。法国农业依赖来自欧盟的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%A1%A5%E8%B4%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="补贴">补贴</a>，为欧盟内反对降低补贴的主要国家。近年来，欧盟对于法国农业的补贴有所下降，但2007年仍达到80亿美元<sup id="cite_ref-190" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-190"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>171<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="工业"><span id=".E5.B7.A5.E4.B8.9A"></span>工业</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&section=22&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="编辑章节：工业" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>编辑</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Airbus_A380_blue_sky.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Airbus_A380_blue_sky.jpg/220px-Airbus_A380_blue_sky.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="761" data-file-height="428"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 124px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Airbus_A380_blue_sky.jpg/220px-Airbus_A380_blue_sky.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="124" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Airbus_A380_blue_sky.jpg/330px-Airbus_A380_blue_sky.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Airbus_A380_blue_sky.jpg/440px-Airbus_A380_blue_sky.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%A9%BA%E4%B8%AD%E5%AE%A2%E8%BD%A6A380?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="空中客车A380">空中客车A380</a><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%AE%A2%E6%9C%BA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="客机">客机</a>是全球载客量最高的客机 </figcaption> </figure> <p>法国是<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%B8%83%E5%9B%BD%E9%9B%86%E5%9B%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="七国集团">七国集团</a>的成员，是世界上工业最发达的国家之一，工业产值约占<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/GDP?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="GDP">GDP</a>的11.2%，传统工业区域集中在<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E9%BB%8E%E7%9B%86%E5%9C%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="巴黎盆地">巴黎盆地</a>。法国的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E7%94%B5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="核电">核电</a>设备能力、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E7%94%A8%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="民用航空">民用航空</a>技术和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E6%B2%B9%E5%B7%A5%E4%B8%9A?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="石油工业">石油工业</a>技术仅次于美国，居世界第二位；<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%92%A2%E9%93%81?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="钢铁">钢铁</a>和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%BA%BA%E7%BB%87%E5%B7%A5%E4%B8%9A?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="纺织工业">纺织工业</a>也具有较高地位。主要工业部门有<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B1%BD%E8%BD%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="汽车">汽车</a><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%A3%9E%E6%9C%BA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="飞机">飞机</a>制造、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90%E5%B7%A5%E4%B8%9A?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="电子工业">电子</a><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%99%A8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="電器">电器</a>工业、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E5%B7%A5%E4%B8%9A?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="化学工业">化学工业</a>和纺织工业等。其中航空工业极具实力，欧洲的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%A9%BA%E4%B8%AD%E5%AE%A2%E8%BD%A6%E9%9B%86%E5%9B%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="空中客车集团">空中客车集团</a>总部位于法国<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%9B%BE%E5%8D%A2%E5%85%B9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="图卢兹">图卢兹</a>，为欧洲航空工业的领航企业之一；<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%BE%BE%E6%A2%AD%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%AA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="达梭航太">达梭航太</a>是军用飞行器制造业的主要企业；法国亦拥有自有<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9%E5%8F%91%E5%B0%84%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="航天发射中心">航天发射中心</a>——<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%9C%AD%E4%BA%9E%E9%82%A3%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="圭亞那太空中心">圭亚那太空中心</a>。此外，<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%81%93%E8%BE%BE%E5%B0%94?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="道达尔">道达尔石油公司</a>是<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E6%B2%B9%E5%B7%A8%E5%A4%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="石油巨头">石油巨头</a>之一，<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%A0%87%E8%87%B4%E9%9B%AA%E9%93%81%E9%BE%99%E9%9B%86%E5%9B%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="标致雪铁龙集团">标致雪铁龙集团</a>是欧洲第二大汽车制造商，<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%B1%B3%E5%85%B6%E6%9E%97?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="米其林">米其林</a>则是世界第二大<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%BD%AE%E8%83%8E?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="轮胎">轮胎</a>及橡膠製品製造商。<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%A5%A2%E4%BE%88%E5%93%81?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="奢侈品">奢侈品</a>和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%A6%86%E5%93%81?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="化妆品">化妆品</a>制造业是法国工业的特殊组成部分，为世界瞩目的工业部门，主要的生产商有<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%88%B1%E9%A9%AC%E4%BB%95?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="爱马仕">爱马仕</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%B7%AF%E6%98%93%E5%A8%81%E7%99%BB?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="路易威登">路易威登</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E5%A5%88%E5%84%BF?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="香奈儿">香奈儿</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E6%B1%80%C2%B7%E8%BF%AA%E5%A5%A7_(%E5%93%81%E7%89%8C)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="克里斯汀·迪奧 (品牌)">迪奥</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E5%A4%AB%E5%9C%A3%E6%B4%9B%E6%9C%97?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="伊夫圣洛朗">伊夫圣洛朗</a>和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E8%8E%B1%E9%9B%85?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="欧莱雅">欧莱雅</a>。法国的研究与发展经费高达国内生产总值（GDP）的2.26%，在经济合作与发展组织（OECD）国家中排名第四<sup id="cite_ref-191" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-191"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>172<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="服务业"><span id=".E6.9C.8D.E5.8A.A1.E4.B8.9A"></span>服务业</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&section=23&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="编辑章节：服务业" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>编辑</span> </a> </span> </div> <p><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1%E4%B8%9A?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="服务业">服务业</a>近年来发展较快，现为法国经济最为重要的部门，2014年法国服务业人口占总就业人口的76.9%。法国<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%80%A3%E9%8E%96%E5%BC%8F%E7%B6%93%E7%87%9F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="連鎖式經營">连锁式经营</a>企业发达，扩展到<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%9B%B6%E5%94%AE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="零售">零售</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%88%BF%E5%9C%B0%E4%BA%A7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="房地产">房地产</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%87%91%E8%9E%8D%E4%BF%9D%E9%9A%AA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="金融保險">金融保險</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%97%85%E9%A4%A8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="旅館">旅馆</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%BF%90%E8%BE%93?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="运输">运输</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%A8%B1%E4%B9%90?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="娱乐">娱乐业</a>等多种行业。著名的跨国服务业企业有<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%AE%B6%E4%B9%90%E7%A6%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="家乐福">家乐福</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E5%B0%9A?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="欧尚">欧尚</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E8%A5%BF%E8%AB%BE%E9%9B%86%E5%9C%98?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="卡西諾集團">卡西诺</a>和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%9B%85%E9%AB%98%E9%9B%86%E5%9B%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="雅高集团">雅高</a>等<sup id="cite_ref-CHN_192-0" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-CHN-192"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>173<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="旅游业"><span id=".E6.97.85.E6.B8.B8.E4.B8.9A"></span>旅游业</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&section=24&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="编辑章节：旅游业" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>编辑</span> </a> </span> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> 主条目：<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E8%A7%80%E5%85%89?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法國觀光">法國觀光</a> </div> <p>法国是<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E6%97%85%E6%B8%B8%E6%8E%92%E5%90%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="世界旅游排名">世界上最受欢迎的旅游目的地</a>，2012年有8300万名游客赴法旅游<sup id="cite_ref-tourism.stat_193-0" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-tourism.stat-193"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>174<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，其中并不包括停驻时间少于24小时的游客，例如计划赴<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="西班牙">西班牙</a>和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="意大利">意大利</a>旅游但将法国作为中转站的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%AC%A7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="北欧">北欧</a>游客。在旅游收入方面，法国则排名世界第三，这主要是因为游客的停留时间较短<sup id="cite_ref-194" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-194"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>175<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。法国拥有37个<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E5%9B%BD%E6%95%99%E7%A7%91%E6%96%87%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="联合国教科文组织">联合国教科文组织</a>认定的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E9%81%97%E4%BA%A7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="世界遗产">世界文化遗产</a>，同时拥有文化氛围浓厚的城市、海滩和海岸度假胜地、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%BB%91%E9%9B%AA%E6%9D%BF?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="滑雪板">滑雪</a>度假村以及景色优美而宁静的农村地区。“<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E6%9C%80%E7%BE%8E%E4%B8%BD%E7%9A%84%E6%9D%91%E5%BA%84?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="法国最美丽的村庄">法国最美丽的村庄</a>”组织致力于对适宜<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E6%85%8B%E6%97%85%E9%81%8A?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="生態旅遊">生态旅游</a>的村庄进行评级，而法国亦由<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%8F%8A%E9%80%9A%E4%BF%A1%E9%83%A8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="法國文化及通信部">文化及通信部</a>评选出200多座景色怡人的花园，给予“<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="法国非凡花园" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Remarkable Gardens of France"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E9%9D%9E%E5%87%A1%E8%8A%B1%E5%9B%AD&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="法国非凡花园（页面不存在）">法国非凡花园</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remarkable_Gardens_of_France" class="extiw" title="en:Remarkable Gardens of France"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Remarkable Gardens of France</span></a></span>）</span></span>”称号，便于给予生态保护。此外，<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E5%9C%A3%E9%9B%85%E5%90%84%E4%BC%AF%E6%9C%9D%E5%9C%A3%E4%B9%8B%E8%B7%AF?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法国圣雅各伯朝圣之路">法国圣雅各伯朝圣之路</a>和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%9C%B2%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%A3%E6%AF%8D%E6%9C%9D%E5%9C%A3%E5%9C%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="露德圣母朝圣地">露德圣母朝圣地</a>是重要的宗教性旅游目的地，每年皆可吸引众多<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="基督教">基督教</a>朝觐者。</p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:France-Mont-Saint-Michel-1900_bordercropped.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/France-Mont-Saint-Michel-1900_bordercropped.jpg/220px-France-Mont-Saint-Michel-1900_bordercropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3504" data-file-height="2478"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 156px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/France-Mont-Saint-Michel-1900_bordercropped.jpg/220px-France-Mont-Saint-Michel-1900_bordercropped.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="156" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/France-Mont-Saint-Michel-1900_bordercropped.jpg/330px-France-Mont-Saint-Michel-1900_bordercropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/France-Mont-Saint-Michel-1900_bordercropped.jpg/440px-France-Mont-Saint-Michel-1900_bordercropped.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E7%B1%B3%E6%AD%87%E5%B0%94%E5%B1%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="圣米歇尔山">圣米歇尔山</a>是法国最受欢迎的旅游景点之一，为<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E5%9B%BD%E6%95%99%E7%A7%91%E6%96%87%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="联合国教科文组织">联合国教科文组织</a>认定的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E9%81%97%E4%BA%A7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="世界遗产">世界文化遗产</a> </figcaption> </figure> <p>法国（尤其是<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E9%BB%8E?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="巴黎">巴黎</a>）拥有众多世界知名的博物馆，其中，<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%A2%E6%B5%AE%E5%AE%AB?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="卢浮宫">卢浮宫</a>是<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%8F%83%E8%A7%80%E4%BA%BA%E6%95%B8%E6%9C%80%E5%A4%9A%E7%9A%84%E8%97%9D%E8%A1%93%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E9%A4%A8%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="世界參觀人數最多的藝術博物館列表">世界上游览人数第二多的艺术博物馆</a>，仅次于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="中国">中国</a><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%95%85%E5%AE%AB%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E9%99%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="故宫博物院">故宫博物院</a>。<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E8%B5%9B%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E9%A6%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="奥赛博物馆">奥赛博物馆</a>和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%93%AC%E7%9A%AE%E6%9D%9C%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="蓬皮杜中心">蓬皮杜中心</a>亦为著名的法国博物馆，前者主要收集<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E8%B1%A1%E6%B4%BE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="印象派">印象派</a>艺术作品，后者主要收集<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%95%B6%E4%BB%A3%E8%97%9D%E8%A1%93?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="當代藝術">当代艺术</a>作品。<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E9%BB%8E%E8%BF%AA%E5%A3%AB%E5%B0%BC%E6%A8%82%E5%9C%92%E5%BA%A6%E5%81%87%E5%8D%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="巴黎迪士尼樂園度假區">巴黎迪士尼乐园度假区</a>是欧洲最受欢迎的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%B8%BB%E9%A2%98%E5%85%AC%E5%9B%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="主题公园">主题公园</a>，2009年有1500万名游客游览度假区的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E9%BB%8E%E8%BF%AA%E5%A3%AB%E5%B0%BC%E4%B9%90%E5%9B%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="巴黎迪士尼乐园">迪士尼乐园</a>和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%8F%AF%E7%89%B9%E8%BF%AA%E5%A3%AB%E5%B0%BC%E5%BD%B1%E5%9F%8E?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="華特迪士尼影城">华特迪士尼影城</a><sup id="cite_ref-195" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-195"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>176<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</p> <p><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%94%9A%E8%93%9D%E6%B5%B7%E5%B2%B8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="蔚蓝海岸">蔚蓝海岸</a>（Côte d'Azur）每年大约接待1000万名游客，为法国第二大旅游目的地，仅次于首都巴黎所在的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E8%A5%BF%E5%B2%9B%E5%A4%A7%E5%8C%BA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="法兰西岛大区">法兰西岛大区</a><sup id="cite_ref-196" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-196"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>177<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，每年世界50%的豪华游艇集结于此<sup id="cite_ref-197" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-197"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>178<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。蔚蓝海岸每年大约有300天的日照时长和115公里（71英里）的海岸和海滩，18处<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E7%88%BE%E5%A4%AB%E7%90%83%E5%A0%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="高爾夫球場">高尔夫球场</a>、14处滑雪度假村以及大约3,000家餐厅<sup id="cite_ref-198" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-198"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>179<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%A2%E7%93%A6%E5%B0%94%E6%B2%B3%E6%B5%81%E5%9F%9F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="卢瓦尔河流域">卢瓦尔河流域</a>是法国的另外一个主要旅游目的地，被称为“法国的花园”和“法语的摇篮”，以其高质量的建筑遗产著称，拥有众多<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%BC%8F%E5%9F%8E%E5%A0%A1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法式城堡">法式城堡</a>（châteaux）。著名的城堡有<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%98%82%E5%B8%83%E7%93%A6%E6%96%AF%E5%9F%8E%E5%A0%A1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="昂布瓦斯城堡">昂布瓦斯城堡</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B3%A2%E5%B0%94%E5%9F%8E%E5%A0%A1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="香波尔城堡">香波尔城堡</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%8E%E5%A1%9E%E5%9F%8E%E5%A0%A1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="于塞城堡">于塞城堡</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E6%9C%97%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%8C%E5%9F%8E%E5%A0%A1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="維朗德里城堡">维朗德里城堡</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%88%8D%E5%86%9C%E7%B4%A2%E5%9F%8E%E5%A0%A1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="舍农索城堡">舍农索城堡</a>和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%92%99%E7%B4%A2%E7%BD%97%E5%9F%8E%E5%A0%A1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="蒙索罗城堡">蒙索罗城堡</a>。</p> <p>根据2003年的统计排名<sup id="cite_ref-199" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-199"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>180<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，法国最受欢迎的旅游景点（按年游客多寡排序）有<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E8%8F%B2%E5%B0%94%E9%93%81%E5%A1%94?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="埃菲尔铁塔">埃菲尔铁塔</a>（620万）、卢浮宫（570万）、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%87%A1%E5%B0%94%E8%B5%9B%E5%AE%AB?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="凡尔赛宫">凡尔赛宫</a>（280万）、奥赛博物馆（210万）、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E9%BB%8E%E5%87%AF%E6%97%8B%E9%97%A8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="巴黎凯旋门">巴黎凯旋门</a>（120万）、蓬皮杜中心（120万）、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E7%B1%B3%E6%AD%87%E5%B0%94%E5%B1%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="圣米歇尔山">圣米歇尔山</a>（100万）、香波尔城堡（71万）、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%81%96%E7%A6%AE%E6%8B%9C%E5%A0%82?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="聖禮拜堂">圣礼拜堂</a>（68万）、<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="上国王堡城堡" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Château du Haut-Kœnigsbourg"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%8A%E5%9B%BD%E7%8E%8B%E5%A0%A1%E5%9F%8E%E5%A0%A1&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="上国王堡城堡（页面不存在）">上国王堡城堡</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%25C3%25A2teau_du_Haut-K%25C5%2593nigsbourg" class="extiw" title="en:Château du Haut-Kœnigsbourg"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Château du Haut-Kœnigsbourg</span></a></span>）</span></span>（55万）、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E5%A7%86%E5%B1%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="多姆山">多姆山</a>（50万）、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%95%A2%E5%8A%A0%E7%B4%A2%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E9%A4%A8_(%E5%B7%B4%E9%BB%8E)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="畢加索博物館 (巴黎)">畢加索博物館</a>（44万）和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%94%E5%8D%A1%E6%9D%BE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="卡尔卡松">卡尔卡松</a>（36万）。</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="能源"><span id=".E8.83.BD.E6.BA.90"></span>能源</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&section=25&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="编辑章节：能源" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>编辑</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Nuclear_Power_Plant_Cattenom.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Nuclear_Power_Plant_Cattenom.jpg/220px-Nuclear_Power_Plant_Cattenom.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Nuclear_Power_Plant_Cattenom.jpg/220px-Nuclear_Power_Plant_Cattenom.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Nuclear_Power_Plant_Cattenom.jpg/330px-Nuclear_Power_Plant_Cattenom.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Nuclear_Power_Plant_Cattenom.jpg/440px-Nuclear_Power_Plant_Cattenom.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E7%89%B9%E5%86%9C%E6%A0%B8%E7%94%B5%E7%AB%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="卡特农核电站">卡特农核电站</a> </figcaption> </figure> <p>2012年，法国的发电量达到559 TW·h（<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E8%83%BD%E6%BA%90%E7%BD%B2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="國際能源署">国际能源署</a>统计<sup id="cite_ref-IEA-KeyWorld-2012_200-0" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-IEA-KeyWorld-2012-200"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>181<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>），位列世界第8位。<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E7%94%B5%E5%8A%9B%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="法国电力公司">法国电力公司</a>是法国主要的发电及供电公司，也是世界上规模最大的电力供应商之一，2003年其发电量占欧盟总电量的22%。法国主要藉由<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E5%8B%95%E5%8A%9B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="核動力">核能</a>发电，其在核科技上投资巨大。法国总发电量的75%来自全国59座核电站（2012年数据<sup id="cite_ref-201" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-201"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>182<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>），比率为世界最高<sup id="cite_ref-energy_profile_202-0" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-energy_profile-202"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>183<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。得益于核能发电的广泛应用，法国是<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%85%AB%E5%9B%BD%E9%9B%86%E5%9B%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="八国集团">八国集团</a>中<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B8%A9%E5%AE%A4%E6%B0%94%E4%BD%93?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="温室气体">温室气体</a>排放量最少的国家<sup id="cite_ref-203" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-203"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>184<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。此外，法国的水能和地热资源的开发利用较为充分，国内的水电发电所有<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="埃居宗水坝" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Éguzon Dam"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E5%9F%83%E5%B1%85%E5%AE%97%E6%B0%B4%E5%9D%9D&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="埃居宗水坝（页面不存在）">埃居宗水坝</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C3%2589guzon_Dam" class="extiw" title="en:Éguzon Dam"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Éguzon Dam</span></a></span>）</span></span>、<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="苏尔桑湖" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Étang de Soulcem"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E8%8B%8F%E5%B0%94%E6%A1%91%E6%B9%96&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="苏尔桑湖（页面不存在）">苏尔桑湖</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C3%2589tang_de_Soulcem" class="extiw" title="en:Étang de Soulcem"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Étang de Soulcem</span></a></span>）</span></span>和<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="武格朗湖" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Lac de Vouglans"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%AD%A6%E6%A0%BC%E6%9C%97%E6%B9%96&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="武格朗湖（页面不存在）">武格朗湖</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lac_de_Vouglans" class="extiw" title="en:Lac de Vouglans"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Lac de Vouglans</span></a></span>）</span></span>。2014年，法国19.5%的电力由<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E5%86%8D%E7%94%9F%E8%83%BD%E6%BA%90?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="可再生能源">可再生能源</a>提供，其中13.8%来自<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E5%8A%9B%E5%8F%91%E7%94%B5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="水力发电">水力</a>、3.5%来自<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%A2%A8%E5%8A%9B%E7%99%BC%E9%9B%BB?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="風力發電">风力</a>、1.2%来自<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3%E8%83%BD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="太阳能">太阳能</a>、1.0%来自其它能源<sup id="cite_ref-204" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-204"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>185<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</p> <p>法国本土的主要矿产为<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%93%81%E7%9F%BF?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="铁矿">铁矿</a>，蕴藏量约10亿吨，但品質低、不利开采。<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E9%90%B5%E9%87%91%E5%B1%AC?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="非鐵金屬">非鐵金属</a>蕴藏量少。近年来，法国面临资源枯竭、矿场关闭的问题（尤以<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%85%A4%E7%9F%BF?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="煤矿">煤矿</a>为甚），矿产资源依赖进口<sup id="cite_ref-CHN_192-1" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-CHN-192"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>173<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="交通"><span id=".E4.BA.A4.E9.80.9A"></span>交通</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&section=26&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="编辑章节：交通" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>编辑</span> </a> </span> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> 主条目：<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E4%BA%A4%E9%80%9A?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法國交通">法國交通</a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:TGV-Duplex_Paris.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/TGV-Duplex_Paris.jpg/220px-TGV-Duplex_Paris.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="667"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/TGV-Duplex_Paris.jpg/220px-TGV-Duplex_Paris.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/TGV-Duplex_Paris.jpg/330px-TGV-Duplex_Paris.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/TGV-Duplex_Paris.jpg/440px-TGV-Duplex_Paris.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> 一列<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%8B%E9%90%B5TGV_Duplex%E5%88%97%E8%BB%8A?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法國國鐵TGV Duplex列車">法國國鐵TGV Duplex列車</a>。 TGV列车可以达到320公里每小時（199英里每小時）的最大速度 </figcaption> </figure> <p>截至2008年<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">2008-Missing required parameter 1=<i>month</i>!</span>)</span><sup class="plainlinks noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3D%25E6%25B3%2595%25E5%259B%25BD%26action%3Dedit">[update]</a></sup>，<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E9%90%B5%E8%B7%AF%E9%81%8B%E8%BC%B8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法國鐵路運輸">法国铁路</a>总长29,473公里（18,314英里）<sup id="cite_ref-205" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-205"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>186<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，为欧洲第二长，仅次于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD%E9%93%81%E8%B7%AF%E8%BF%90%E8%BE%93?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="德国铁路运输">德国</a><sup id="cite_ref-206" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-206"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>187<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。法国的铁路运输由<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E9%93%81%E8%B7%AF?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="法国国家铁路">法国国家铁路</a>（SNCF）运作，拥有<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%8A%9B%E5%A3%AB%E9%AB%98%E9%80%9F%E5%88%97%E8%BD%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="大力士高速列车">大力士高速列车</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E4%B9%8B%E6%98%9F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="欧洲之星">欧洲之星</a>和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E9%AB%98%E9%80%9F%E5%88%97%E8%BD%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法国高速列车">法国高速列车</a>（TGV）三种高速列车，其中TGV列车达到320公里每小時（199英里每小時）的速度（商务<sup id="cite_ref-207" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-207"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>188<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>），欧洲之星线路则通过<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E6%B3%95%E6%B5%B7%E5%BA%95%E9%9A%A7%E9%81%93?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="英法海底隧道">英法海底隧道</a>与英国相连。除<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E9%81%93%E5%B0%94?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="安道尔">安道尔</a>外，法国与所有邻国都设有跨国铁路。市内轨道交通方面，除<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E5%85%B1%E6%B1%BD%E8%BD%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="公共汽车">公共汽车</a>运输外，法国的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E9%93%81?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="地铁">地铁</a>（主要于巴黎、里昂、里尔、马赛、图卢兹、雷恩等）与<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E8%BD%A8%E7%94%B5%E8%BD%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="有轨电车">有轨电车</a>（主要于南特、斯特拉斯堡、波尔多、格勒诺布尔、蒙彼利埃等）建设同样完备。</p> <p>法国国内有大约1,027,183公里（638,262英里）长的可用公路，为欧洲之最<sup id="cite_ref-208" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-208"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>189<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。巴黎是国家道路网的中心，周边地区布满了密集的道路与高速公路网，与全国几乎所有运输网点相连接。跨国公路方面，法国公路网与邻国<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E5%88%A9%E6%97%B6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="比利时">比利时</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%A2%E6%A3%AE%E5%A0%A1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="卢森堡">卢森堡</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="德国">德国</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E5%A3%AB?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="瑞士">瑞士</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="意大利">意大利</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="西班牙">西班牙</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E9%81%93%E5%B0%94?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="安道尔">安道尔</a>和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E7%BA%B3%E5%93%A5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="摩纳哥">摩纳哥</a>相连，运作跨国运输。虽然法国不设年注册费或路税，但大部分私有高速公路为收费通过（一些大型市镇的周边地区除外）。法国的汽车市场基本为国内品牌控制，例如<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%9B%B7%E8%AF%BA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="雷诺">雷诺</a>（2003年售出车辆占法国总售出车辆的27%）、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%A0%87%E8%87%B4%E9%9B%AA%E9%93%81%E9%BE%99%E9%9B%86%E5%9B%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="标致雪铁龙集团">标致</a>（20.1%）和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%9B%AA%E9%93%81%E9%BE%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="雪铁龙">雪铁龙</a>（13.5%）<sup id="cite_ref-209" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-209"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>190<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。在2004年，法国超过75%售出的汽车装有<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%9F%B4%E6%B2%B9%E5%BC%95%E6%93%8E?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="柴油引擎">柴油引擎</a>，远多于汽油引擎和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B6%B2%E5%8C%96%E7%9F%B3%E6%B2%B9%E6%B0%94?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="液化石油气">液化石油气</a>引擎<sup id="cite_ref-210" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-210"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>191<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。世界上最高的桥梁<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%B1%B3%E7%BA%A6%E9%AB%98%E6%9E%B6%E6%A1%A5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="米约高架桥">米约高架桥</a>位于法国<sup id="cite_ref-211" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-211"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>192<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，除此以外，法国亦建有许多重要桥梁，例如<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%AF%BA%E6%9B%BC%E5%BA%95%E5%A4%A7%E6%A1%A5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="诺曼底大桥">诺曼底大桥</a>。</p> <p>法国国内有464家机场<sup id="cite_ref-France_117-5" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-France-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，其中巴黎近郊的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%A4%8F%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E6%88%B4%E9%AB%98%E4%B9%90%E6%9C%BA%E5%9C%BA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="夏尔·戴高乐机场">夏尔·戴高乐机场</a>最为繁忙、规模最大，运作着繁重的民用运输与商务运输事务，同时也是全世界几乎所有主要城市与巴黎的联系点。<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="法国航空">法国航空</a>是法国的国家航空公司，除此之外亦有数个私有公司运作国内国际的旅行服务。</p> <p>法国国内拥有10座主要港口，其中<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E8%B5%9B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="马赛">马赛港</a>规模最大<sup id="cite_ref-212" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-212"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>193<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，其亦是地中海规模最大的港口<sup id="cite_ref-213" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-213"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>194<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-214" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-214"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>195<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。法国国内的水路航线长12,261公里（7,619英里），其中包括通过<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E9%BE%8D%E6%B2%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="加龍河">加龙河</a>沟通地中海与大西洋的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%B1%B3%E8%BF%AA%E8%BF%90%E6%B2%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="米迪运河">米迪运河</a><sup id="cite_ref-France_117-6" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-France-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="科技"><span id=".E7.A7.91.E6.8A.80"></span>科技</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&section=27&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="编辑章节：科技" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>编辑</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Ariane4.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Ariane4.jpg/170px-Ariane4.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="244" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="465" data-file-height="667"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 244px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Ariane4.jpg/170px-Ariane4.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="244" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Ariane4.jpg/255px-Ariane4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Ariane4.jpg/340px-Ariane4.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E5%88%A9%E5%AE%894%E8%99%9F%E9%81%8B%E8%BC%89%E7%81%AB%E7%AE%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="亞利安4號運載火箭">亞利安4號運載火箭</a>的发射。法国现为<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E7%A9%BA%E9%97%B4%E5%B1%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="欧洲空间局">欧洲空间局</a>的主要贡献者 </figcaption> </figure> <p>自<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="中世纪">中世纪</a>起，法国就是世界科技发展的重要贡献方。11世纪初，<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="教宗">罗马教宗</a><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%80%9D%E7%B6%AD%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="思維二世">西尔维斯特二世</a>（法国人，本名热尔贝·德奥里亚克）在北欧与西欧重新引入<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%AE%97%E7%9B%98?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="算盘">算盘</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%92%B0%E5%BD%A2%E7%90%83%E5%84%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="環形球儀">环形球仪</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="阿拉伯数字">阿拉伯数字</a>和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%92%9F%E8%A1%A8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="钟表">钟表</a><sup id="cite_ref-215" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-215"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>196<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。12世纪中期成立的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E9%BB%8E%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6_(1896%E5%B9%B4)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="巴黎大学 (1896年)">巴黎大学</a>现今仍是西方世界最为重要的高等学府之一<sup id="cite_ref-216" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-216"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>197<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。17世纪，<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8B%92%E5%86%85%C2%B7%E7%AC%9B%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%94?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="勒内·笛卡尔">勒内·笛卡尔</a>创立<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%A7%A3%E6%9E%90%E5%87%A0%E4%BD%95?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="解析几何">解析几何</a>，将当时完全分开的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BB%A3%E6%95%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="代数">代数</a>和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%87%A0%E4%BD%95%E5%AD%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="几何学">几何学</a>联系到一起；<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E8%8E%B1%E5%85%B9%C2%B7%E5%B8%95%E6%96%AF%E5%8D%A1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="布莱兹·帕斯卡">布莱兹·帕斯卡</a>是<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%A6%82%E7%8E%87%E5%AD%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="概率学">概率学</a>和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B5%81%E4%BD%93%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="流体力学">流体力学</a>的奠基人。此二人都是当时席卷欧洲的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="科学革命">科学革命</a>的重要人物。为激励和保护法国人的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E6%96%B9%E6%B3%95?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="科学方法">科学研究精神</a>，17世纪，<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%B7%AF%E6%98%93%E5%8D%81%E5%9B%9B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="路易十四">路易十四</a>设立<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法国科学院">法国科学院</a>，这是世界上最早的科学学院之一，处在17至18世纪欧洲科技发展的最前沿。</p> <p><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%90%AF%E8%92%99%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="启蒙时代">启蒙时代</a>法国的科技成就非凡，<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E4%B8%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="布丰">布丰</a>和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E6%89%98%E4%B8%87%C2%B7%E6%8B%89%E7%93%A6%E9%94%A1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="安托万·拉瓦锡">拉瓦锡</a>的著作和理论分别对于近代<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E6%80%81%E5%AD%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="生态学">生态学</a>和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="化学">化学</a>有着深远影响。<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%B0%BC%C2%B7%E7%8B%84%E5%BE%B7%E7%BD%97?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="德尼·狄德罗">狄德罗</a>和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%AE%A9%C2%B7%E5%8B%92%E6%9C%97%C2%B7%E8%BE%BE%E6%9C%97%E8%B4%9D%E5%B0%94?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="让·勒朗·达朗贝尔">达朗贝尔</a>主编《<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E4%B9%A6%EF%BC%8C%E6%88%96%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E3%80%81%E8%89%BA%E6%9C%AF%E5%92%8C%E5%B7%A5%E8%89%BA%E8%AF%A6%E8%A7%A3%E8%AF%8D%E5%85%B8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="百科全书，或科学、艺术和工艺详解词典">百科全书</a>》，它是历史上第一部致力于普及科学和艺术知识的综合性百科全书<sup id="cite_ref-217" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-217"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>198<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。19世纪，<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E4%B8%9A%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="工业革命">工业革命</a>开展，法国科技界硕果累累，重要人物包括：<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E5%8F%A4%E6%96%AF%E4%B8%81%C2%B7%E8%8F%B2%E6%B6%85%E8%80%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="奥古斯丁·菲涅耳">菲涅耳</a>，近代<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%85%89%E5%AD%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="光学">光学</a>的奠基人；<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E5%8F%A4%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E5%8D%A1%E8%AF%BA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="尼古拉·卡诺">卡诺</a>，为<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%83%AD%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="热力学">热力学</a>的研究提供了理论基础；<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%B7%AF%E6%98%93%C2%B7%E5%B7%B4%E6%96%AF%E5%BE%B7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="路易·巴斯德">巴斯德</a>，<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%BE%AE%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="微生物学">微生物学</a>的先驱。巴黎<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E8%8F%B2%E5%B0%94%E9%93%81%E5%A1%94?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="埃菲尔铁塔">埃菲尔铁塔</a>上<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E8%8F%B2%E5%B0%94%E9%93%81%E5%A1%94%E4%B8%8A%E6%89%80%E5%88%BB%E7%9A%8472%E4%BA%BA%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="埃菲尔铁塔上所刻的72人列表">所刻的72个姓名</a>，其中绝大部分都是法国的杰出科学家。</p> <p>20世纪著名的法国科学家有：数学家兼物理学家<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%84%92%E5%8B%92%C2%B7%E6%98%82%E5%88%A9%C2%B7%E5%BA%9E%E5%8A%A0%E8%8E%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="儒勒·昂利·庞加莱">庞加莱</a>；物理学家<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%A8%E5%88%A9%C2%B7%E8%B4%9D%E5%8F%AF%E5%8B%92%E5%B0%94?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="亨利·贝可勒尔">贝克勒尔</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E7%BE%85%C2%B7%E6%9C%97%E4%B9%8B%E8%90%AC?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="保羅·朗之萬">郎之万</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%B7%AF%E6%98%93%C2%B7%E5%BE%B7%E5%B8%83%E7%BD%97%E6%84%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="路易·德布罗意">德布罗意</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%9A%AE%E5%9F%83%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%B1%85%E9%87%8C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="皮埃尔·居里">皮埃尔·居里</a>和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%8E%9B%E4%B8%BD%C2%B7%E5%B1%85%E9%87%8C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="玛丽·居里">玛丽·居里</a>；其中居里夫妇对于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%94%BE%E5%B0%84%E6%80%A7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="放射性">放射学</a>的贡献卓著；病毒学家<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%90%95%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E8%92%99%E5%A1%94%E5%B0%BC%E8%80%B6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="吕克·蒙塔尼耶">吕克·蒙塔尼耶</a>，<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E7%B1%BB%E5%85%8D%E7%96%AB%E7%BC%BA%E9%99%B7%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="人类免疫缺陷病毒">人类免疫缺陷病毒</a>的发现者之一。1998年9月23日，一支由世界各国科学家组成的研究团队在<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%87%8C%E6%98%82?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="里昂">里昂</a>成功实现<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%89%8B%E7%A7%BB%E6%A4%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="手移植">手移植</a>，这其中包括法国医生<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="让-米歇尔·迪贝尔纳" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Jean-Michel Dubernard"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E8%AE%A9-%E7%B1%B3%E6%AD%87%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E8%BF%AA%E8%B4%9D%E5%B0%94%E7%BA%B3&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="让-米歇尔·迪贝尔纳（页面不存在）">让-米歇尔·迪贝尔纳</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Michel_Dubernard" class="extiw" title="en:Jean-Michel Dubernard"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Jean-Michel Dubernard</span></a></span>）</span></span>，他成功地实行世界首例双手移植手术<sup id="cite_ref-dubernard1_218-0" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-dubernard1-218"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>199<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。2001年9月7日<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="雅克·马雷斯科" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Jacques Marescaux"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E9%9B%85%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E9%A9%AC%E9%9B%B7%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="雅克·马雷斯科（页面不存在）">雅克·马雷斯科</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Marescaux" class="extiw" title="en:Jacques Marescaux"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Jacques Marescaux</span></a></span>）</span></span>团队成功实现世界首例远距外科手术，即<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="林德伯格手术" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Lindbergh Operation"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%9E%97%E5%BE%B7%E4%BC%AF%E6%A0%BC%E6%89%8B%E6%9C%AF&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="林德伯格手术（页面不存在）">林德伯格手术</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lindbergh_Operation" class="extiw" title="en:Lindbergh Operation"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Lindbergh Operation</span></a></span>）</span></span><sup id="cite_ref-istmarescaux_219-0" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-istmarescaux-219"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>200<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。2005年11月27日<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="贝尔纳·德沃谢勒" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Bernard Devauchelle"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E8%B4%9D%E5%B0%94%E7%BA%B3%C2%B7%E5%BE%B7%E6%B2%83%E8%B0%A2%E5%8B%92&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="贝尔纳·德沃谢勒（页面不存在）">贝尔纳·德沃谢勒</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernard_Devauchelle" class="extiw" title="en:Bernard Devauchelle"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Bernard Devauchelle</span></a></span>）</span></span>实现了<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%84%B8%E9%83%A8%E7%A7%BB%E6%A4%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="脸部移植">脸部移植</a><sup id="cite_ref-titleBBC_NEWS_|_Health_|_220-0" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-titleBBC_NEWS_%7C_Health_%7C-220"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>201<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-221" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-221"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>202<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</p> <p>法国是世界上第四个拥有<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E6%AD%A6%E5%99%A8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="核武器">核武器</a>的国家<sup id="cite_ref-222" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-222"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>203<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，现拥有<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%93%81%E6%9C%89%E6%A0%B8%E6%AD%A6%E5%99%A8%E7%9A%84%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="擁有核武器的國家列表">世界第三大核武贮备量</a><sup id="cite_ref-223" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-223"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>204<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，而且在民用核技术领域具有领先地位<sup id="cite_ref-224" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-224"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>205<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-225" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-225"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>206<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-226" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-226"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>207<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。法国于1965年通过<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%91%BD%E7%9F%B3%E7%B3%BB%E5%88%97%E9%81%8B%E8%BC%89%E7%81%AB%E7%AE%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="鑽石系列運載火箭">钻石A型运载火箭</a>发射其第一颗人造卫星<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="阿斯泰利克斯号" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Astérix (satellite)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E6%96%AF%E6%B3%B0%E5%88%A9%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E5%8F%B7&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="阿斯泰利克斯号（页面不存在）">阿斯泰利克斯号</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ast%25C3%25A9rix_(satellite)" class="extiw" title="en:Astérix (satellite)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Astérix (satellite)</span></a></span>）</span></span>，成为世界上第三个能够完全自行发射人造卫星的国家。法国现为<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E7%A9%BA%E9%97%B4%E5%B1%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="欧洲空间局">欧洲空间局</a>的主要贡献者（参见<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法國國家太空研究中心">法国国家空间研究中心</a>）<sup id="cite_ref-227" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-227"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>208<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-228" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-228"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>209<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-229" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-229"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>210<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%A9%BA%E4%B8%AD%E5%AE%A2%E8%BD%A6%E9%9B%86%E5%9B%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="空中客车集团">空中客车集团</a>总部位于法国<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%9B%BE%E5%8D%A2%E5%85%B9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="图卢兹">图卢兹</a>，主要负责民用、军用飞行器以及通信系统、导弹、宇宙火箭、直升机、卫星和相关仪器的设计研发。1970年，法国国有铁路公司<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E9%93%81%E8%B7%AF?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="法国国家铁路">法国国家铁路</a>推出<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E9%AB%98%E9%80%9F%E5%88%97%E8%BD%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法国高速列车">法国高速列车</a>（TGV），2007年4月3日以574.8公里的时速创造轮轨列车的最快纪录<sup id="cite_ref-230" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-230"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>211<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。如今法国TGV网络同样负责西欧的铁路运输。</p> <p>截至2022年<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">2022-Missing required parameter 1=<i>month</i>!</span>)</span><sup class="plainlinks noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3D%25E6%25B3%2595%25E5%259B%25BD%26action%3Dedit">[update]</a></sup>，法国<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%90%84%E5%9C%8B%E8%AB%BE%E8%B2%9D%E7%88%BE%E7%8D%8E%E5%BE%97%E4%B8%BB%E4%BA%BA%E6%95%B8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="各國諾貝爾獎得主人數">有72人</a>获得过<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%AF%BA%E8%B4%9D%E5%B0%94%E5%A5%96?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="诺贝尔奖">诺贝尔奖</a><sup id="cite_ref-231" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-231"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>212<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>（其中<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%AF%BA%E8%B4%9D%E5%B0%94%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6%E5%A5%96?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="诺贝尔物理学奖">物理学奖</a>15人、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%AF%BA%E8%B4%9D%E5%B0%94%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E5%A5%96?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="诺贝尔化学奖">化学奖</a>12人、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%AF%BA%E8%B4%9D%E5%B0%94%E7%94%9F%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6%E6%88%96%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6%E5%A5%96?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="诺贝尔生理学或医学奖">生理学或医学奖</a>13人），16人获得过<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%8F%B2%E5%B0%94%E5%85%B9%E5%A5%96?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="菲尔兹奖">菲尔兹奖</a><sup id="cite_ref-232" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-232"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>213<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="人口"><span id=".E4.BA.BA.E5.8F.A3"></span>人口</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&section=28&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="编辑章节：人口" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>编辑</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> 主条目：<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法國人口">法國人口</a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:France_population_density_40pc.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/France_population_density_40pc.png/220px-France_population_density_40pc.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="356" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1246" data-file-height="2018"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 356px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/France_population_density_40pc.png/220px-France_population_density_40pc.png" data-width="220" data-height="356" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/France_population_density_40pc.png/330px-France_population_density_40pc.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/France_population_density_40pc.png/440px-France_population_density_40pc.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> 1999年人口普查的各地區<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E5%AF%86%E5%BA%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="人口密度">人口密度</a>圖 </figcaption> </figure> <p>法國於2016年1月估計人口約有6,660萬人<sup id="cite_ref-populationINSEE_233-0" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-populationINSEE-233"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>214<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，若不包括<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E6%B5%B7%E5%A4%96%E9%A2%86%E5%9C%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="法国海外领地">海外领地</a>和海外地区则为6,450萬人<sup id="cite_ref-metropolitanINSEE_234-0" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-metropolitanINSEE-234"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>215<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。法國人口數量位居<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="国家人口列表">世界第20</a>，並居歐洲第三位。</p> <p>法國人口增長相較於其他<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8F%91%E8%BE%BE%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="发达国家">发达国家</a>，尤其是歐洲國家相對特殊，擁有較高的出生率及自然增加率。法國於2006年的自然增長人口幾乎與歐盟相同，該年自然增長約30萬人<sup id="cite_ref-evol_235-0" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-evol-235"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>216<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，為1973年<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%AC%B0%E5%85%92%E6%BD%AE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="嬰兒潮">嬰兒潮</a>結束以來的新高，並將<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%80%BB%E5%92%8C%E7%94%9F%E8%82%B2%E7%8E%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="总和生育率">总和生育率</a>由1994年的1.7提高到2010年的2.0<sup id="cite_ref-population_236-0" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-population-236"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>217<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-237" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-237"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>218<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</p> <p>法國自2006年至2011年人口年均增長率為0.6%<sup id="cite_ref-evol_235-1" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-evol-235"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>216<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，移民人口生育率為人口增長的主要因素，於2010年，法國本土27%的新生兒中至少有父母一方為外國出生，並有24%新生兒的父母至少一方出生於歐洲以外地區<sup id="cite_ref-238" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-238"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>219<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="民族"><span id=".E6.B0.91.E6.97.8F"></span>民族</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&section=29&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="编辑章节：民族" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>编辑</span> </a> </span> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> 参见：<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%BA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法兰西人">法兰西人</a> </div> <p>绝大多数法国人的先祖为<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%87%AF%E5%B0%94%E7%89%B9%E4%BA%BA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="凯尔特人">凯尔特人</a>（<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E5%8D%A2%E4%BA%BA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="高卢人">高卢人</a>），同时具有<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="拉丁">拉丁</a>（<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="罗马帝国">罗马</a>）及<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E4%BA%BA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="日耳曼人">日耳曼</a>（<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E5%85%8B%E4%BA%BA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="法兰克人">法兰克</a>）血统<sup id="cite_ref-239" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-239"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>220<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，他们被称为<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%BA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法兰西人">法兰西人</a>，占全国总人口九成以上<sup id="cite_ref-240" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-240"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>221<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。国内的其他民族有<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E8%90%A8%E6%96%AF%E8%AF%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="阿尔萨斯语">阿尔萨斯人</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E6%96%AF%E5%85%8B%E4%BA%BA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="巴斯克人">巴斯克人</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E5%88%97%E5%A1%94%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%BA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="布列塔尼人">布列塔尼人</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%B3%B0%E7%BD%97%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E4%BA%BA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="加泰罗尼亚人">加泰罗尼亚人</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E8%A5%BF%E5%98%89%E4%BA%BA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="科西嘉人">科西嘉人</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E6%8B%89%E8%8A%92%E4%BA%BA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="弗拉芒人">弗拉芒人</a>和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E5%85%8B%E4%BA%BA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="奥克人">奥克人</a>等。根据法国法律，大规模统计民族与血统资料是被禁止的。这项法律源自1789年的大革命，在1958年宪法中被重申。</p> <p>20世纪起法国迎来大规模的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%A7%BB%E6%B0%91?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="移民">移民</a>，这使得法国社会趋向多元化。仅自1921年至1935年间，法国便迎来110万净移民<sup id="cite_ref-241" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-241"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>222<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>；在20世纪60年代，<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E5%8F%8A%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="阿尔及利亚战争">阿尔及利亚战争</a>又导致大约160万“<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E8%84%9A?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="黑脚">黑脚</a>”（北非法裔居民）回国，而一些西班牙、葡萄牙、北非及西非人也趁此移民至法国<sup id="cite_ref-242" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-242"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>223<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-243" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-243"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>224<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%99%BA%E5%BA%93?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="智库">智库</a><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="蒙田研究所" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Institut Montaigne"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E8%92%99%E7%94%B0%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%89%80&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="蒙田研究所（页面不存在）">蒙田研究所</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institut_Montaigne" class="extiw" title="en:Institut Montaigne"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Institut Montaigne</span></a></span>）</span></span>2004年估计法国本土有5,100万<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E4%BA%BA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="欧洲人">欧裔</a>（占总人口85%）、600万<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%A0%BC%E9%87%8C%E5%B8%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="马格里布">北非裔</a>（占总人口10%）、200万<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E4%BA%BA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="黑人">非裔</a>（黑人，占总人口3.3%）以及100万<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%BB%84%E7%A7%8D%E4%BA%BA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="黄种人">亚裔</a>（1.7%）<sup id="cite_ref-244" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-244"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>225<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-245" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-245"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>226<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。2008年，<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E4%B8%8E%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%89%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法国国家统计与经济研究所">法国国家统计与经济研究所</a>和<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="法国人口学研究所" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Institut national d'études démographiques"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E5%AD%A6%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%89%80&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="法国人口学研究所（页面不存在）">法国人口学研究所</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institut_national_d%2527%25C3%25A9tudes_d%25C3%25A9mographiques" class="extiw" title="en:Institut national d'études démographiques"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Institut national d'études démographiques</span></a></span>）</span></span>联合进行一项题为“轨迹与来源”的调查<sup id="cite_ref-246" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-246"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>227<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Oppenheimer_247-0" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Oppenheimer-247"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>228<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，表明法国有大约500万<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%BE%A9%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%BA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="義大利人">意大利裔</a>、300万<sup id="cite_ref-Cohen1995_248-0" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Cohen1995-248"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>229<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-249" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-249"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>230<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>至600万<sup id="cite_ref-250" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-250"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>231<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%A0%BC%E9%87%8C%E5%B8%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="马格里布">北非裔</a>、250万<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%92%92%E5%93%88%E6%8B%89%E4%BB%A5%E5%8D%97%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="撒哈拉以南非洲">非裔</a>（<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E4%BA%BA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="黑人">黑人</a>）以及20万<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E8%80%B3%E5%85%B6%E4%BA%BA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="土耳其人">土耳其裔</a><sup id="cite_ref-251" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-251"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>232<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。在法国，数量较多的其他欧裔居民大多为<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99%E4%BA%BA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="西班牙人">西班牙人</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E7%89%99%E4%BA%BA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="葡萄牙人">葡萄牙人</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E5%A7%86%E4%BA%BA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="罗姆人">罗姆人</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%85%B0%E4%BA%BA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="波兰人">波兰人</a>和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%87%98%E4%BA%BA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="希臘人">希腊人</a><sup id="cite_ref-Cohen1995_248-1" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Cohen1995-248"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>229<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-252" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-252"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>233<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-253" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-253"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>234<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</p> <p>现今法国仍是主要的移民目的地之一，每年大约接收20万合法移民<sup id="cite_ref-254" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-254"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>235<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>；法国亦是西欧重要的难民接收国及庇护寻求地，2005年大约有5万名难民或<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E5%BA%87%E8%AD%B7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="政治庇護">庇护寻求者</a><sup id="cite_ref-UNHCR_255-0" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-UNHCR-255"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>236<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。根据<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E4%B8%8E%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%89%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法国国家统计与经济研究所">法国国家统计与经济研究所</a>2008年的估计，法国国内第一代移民总数为500万，占总人口8%；第二代及后代移民约650万，占人口的11%，因此从目前来看，法国大约五分之一的人口为移民（其中约有400万北非裔）<sup id="cite_ref-256" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-256"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>237<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Insee_1_257-0" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Insee_1-257"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>238<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-INSEE1_258-0" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-INSEE1-258"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>239<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。2008年，法国新授予137,000人以公民身份，他们大多来自<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E6%B4%9B%E5%93%A5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="摩洛哥">摩洛哥</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E5%8F%8A%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="阿尔及利亚">阿爾及利亞</a>和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E8%80%B3%E5%85%B6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="土耳其">土耳其</a><sup id="cite_ref-259" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-259"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>240<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。2014年，<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E4%B8%8E%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%89%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法国国家统计与经济研究所">法国国家统计与经济研究所</a>又发表研究称，自2009年至2012年间，由于同时期的经济危机，法国的西班牙、葡萄牙以及意大利移民数量增加一倍<sup id="cite_ref-sudouest.fr_260-0" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-sudouest.fr-260"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>241<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，例如西班牙移民从5300人增长到11,000人，大约增加107%。在国内23万外国人中，大约有8%葡萄牙人、5%英国人、5%西班牙人、4%意大利人、4%德国人、3%罗马尼亚人和3%比利时人。而由于欧盟允许成员国公民的自由流动，法国近年来亦受到<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E6%AC%A7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="东欧">东欧</a>移民潮较大影响，迫使其对东欧移民设置限制。移民正在成为法国的争议政治问题之一。</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="主要城市"><span id=".E4.B8.BB.E8.A6.81.E5.9F.8E.E5.B8.82"></span>主要城市</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&section=30&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="编辑章节：主要城市" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>编辑</span> </a> </span> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> 主条目：<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%8B%A5%E6%9C%89%E8%B6%85%E8%BF%87%E4%B8%A4%E4%B8%87%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E7%9A%84%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E5%B8%82%E9%95%87%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8%EF%BC%882006%E5%B9%B4%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E6%99%AE%E6%9F%A5%EF%BC%89?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="拥有超过两万人口的法国市镇列表（2006年人口普查）">拥有超过两万人口的法国市镇列表（2006年人口普查）</a> </div> <p>法国是高度<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82%E5%8C%96?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="城市化">城市化</a>的国家，主要大城市如下：</p> <div> </div> <table class="wikitable"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84339893">.mw-parser-output .largestCities-table-background{background:#f9f9f9;color:#222}.mw-parser-output .largestCities-cell-background{background:#f0f0f0;color:#222}</style> </table> <table style="font-size:88%;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; width: 100%; border: 1px solid darkgray;"> <tbody> <tr> <th colspan="10" style="padding:0.3em 0.75em;"> <div style="float:right; width:6em; height:2.6em"> </div> <div style="float:left; width:6em; height:2.6em"> </div> <div style="height:2.6em;line-height:1.3em;"> <span style="font-size:110%;">法国最大城市排名</span><br> <div style="display:inline;font-weight:normal;"> 2010年人口普查 </div> </div></th> </tr> <tr> <th></th> <th>排名</th> <th><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="法国城市列表">名称</a></th> <th><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E5%8C%BA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="法国大区">大区</a></th> <th>人口</th> <th>排名</th> <th><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="法国城市列表">名称</a></th> <th><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E5%8C%BA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="法国大区">大区</a></th> <th>人口</th> <th></th> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="11" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Sunset_over_Paris_5,_France_August_2013.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="巴黎"> <noscript> <img alt="巴黎" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Sunset_over_Paris_5%2C_France_August_2013.jpg/120px-Sunset_over_Paris_5%2C_France_August_2013.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4900" data-file-height="3256"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 80px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Sunset_over_Paris_5%2C_France_August_2013.jpg/120px-Sunset_over_Paris_5%2C_France_August_2013.jpg" data-alt="巴黎" data-width="120" data-height="80" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Sunset_over_Paris_5%2C_France_August_2013.jpg/180px-Sunset_over_Paris_5%2C_France_August_2013.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Sunset_over_Paris_5%2C_France_August_2013.jpg/240px-Sunset_over_Paris_5%2C_France_August_2013.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span><br><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E9%BB%8E?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="巴黎">巴黎</a><br><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Notre_Dame_de_la_Garde.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="馬賽"> <noscript> <img alt="馬賽" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Notre_Dame_de_la_Garde.jpg/120px-Notre_Dame_de_la_Garde.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2592"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 80px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Notre_Dame_de_la_Garde.jpg/120px-Notre_Dame_de_la_Garde.jpg" data-alt="馬賽" data-width="120" data-height="80" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Notre_Dame_de_la_Garde.jpg/180px-Notre_Dame_de_la_Garde.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Notre_Dame_de_la_Garde.jpg/240px-Notre_Dame_de_la_Garde.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span><br><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E8%B3%BD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="馬賽">馬賽</a></td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">1</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E9%BB%8E?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="巴黎">巴黎</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%98%AD%E8%A5%BF%E5%B3%B6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="法蘭西島">法蘭西島</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">2,243,833</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">11</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%9B%B7%E6%81%A9_(%E4%BC%8A%E5%8B%92-%E7%BB%B4%E8%8E%B1%E8%AE%B7%E7%9C%81)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="雷恩 (伊勒-维莱讷省)">雷恩</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E5%88%97%E5%A1%94%E5%B0%BC?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="布列塔尼">布列塔尼</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">207,178</td> <td rowspan="11" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Lyon_vue_depuis_fourviere.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="里昂"> <noscript> <img alt="里昂" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Lyon_vue_depuis_fourviere.jpg/120px-Lyon_vue_depuis_fourviere.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="66" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1900" data-file-height="1046"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 66px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Lyon_vue_depuis_fourviere.jpg/120px-Lyon_vue_depuis_fourviere.jpg" data-alt="里昂" data-width="120" data-height="66" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Lyon_vue_depuis_fourviere.jpg/180px-Lyon_vue_depuis_fourviere.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Lyon_vue_depuis_fourviere.jpg/240px-Lyon_vue_depuis_fourviere.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span><br><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%87%8C%E6%98%82?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="里昂">里昂</a><br><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Toulouse_Capitole_Night_Wikimedia_Commons.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="圖盧茲"> <noscript> <img alt="圖盧茲" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Toulouse_Capitole_Night_Wikimedia_Commons.jpg/120px-Toulouse_Capitole_Night_Wikimedia_Commons.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="72" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="5067" data-file-height="3046"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 72px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Toulouse_Capitole_Night_Wikimedia_Commons.jpg/120px-Toulouse_Capitole_Night_Wikimedia_Commons.jpg" data-alt="圖盧茲" data-width="120" data-height="72" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Toulouse_Capitole_Night_Wikimedia_Commons.jpg/180px-Toulouse_Capitole_Night_Wikimedia_Commons.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Toulouse_Capitole_Night_Wikimedia_Commons.jpg/240px-Toulouse_Capitole_Night_Wikimedia_Commons.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span><br><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%9C%96%E7%9B%A7%E8%8C%B2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="圖盧茲">圖盧茲</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">2</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E8%B3%BD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="馬賽">馬賽</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E7%BE%85%E6%97%BA%E6%96%AF-%E9%98%BF%E7%88%BE%E5%8D%91%E6%96%AF-%E8%94%9A%E8%97%8D%E6%B5%B7%E5%B2%B8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="普羅旺斯-阿爾卑斯-蔚藍海岸">普羅旺斯-阿爾卑斯-蔚藍海岸</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">850,726</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">12</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%85%B0%E6%96%AF_(%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="兰斯 (法国城市)">兰斯</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E7%88%BE%E8%96%A9%E6%96%AF-%E9%A6%99%E6%AA%B3-%E9%98%BF%E7%99%BB-%E6%B4%9B%E6%9E%97%E5%A4%A7%E5%8D%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="阿爾薩斯-香檳-阿登-洛林大區">大东部</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">179,992</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">3</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%87%8C%E6%98%82?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="里昂">里昂</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E5%BC%97%E6%B6%85-%E7%BE%85%E7%B4%8D-%E9%98%BF%E7%88%BE%E5%8D%91%E6%96%AF%E5%A4%A7%E5%8D%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="奧弗涅-羅納-阿爾卑斯大區">奧弗涅-羅納-阿爾卑斯</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">484,344</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">13</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8B%92%E9%98%BF%E5%BC%97%E7%88%BE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="勒阿弗爾">勒阿弗爾</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%AF%BA%E6%9B%BC%E5%BA%95%E5%A4%A7%E5%8C%BA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="诺曼底大区">诺曼底</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">175,497</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">4</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%9C%96%E7%9B%A7%E8%8C%B2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="圖盧茲">圖盧茲</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%9C%97%E6%A0%BC%E5%A4%9A%E5%85%8B-%E9%AD%AF%E8%A5%BF%E6%B0%B8-%E5%8D%97%E9%83%A8-%E6%AF%94%E5%88%A9%E7%89%9B%E6%96%AF%E5%A4%A7%E5%8D%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="朗格多克-魯西永-南部-比利牛斯大區">欧西坦尼亚</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">441,802</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">14</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%81%96%E8%89%BE%E8%92%82%E5%AE%89?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="聖艾蒂安">聖艾蒂安</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E5%BC%97%E6%B6%85-%E7%BE%85%E7%B4%8D-%E9%98%BF%E7%88%BE%E5%8D%91%E6%96%AF%E5%A4%A7%E5%8D%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="奧弗涅-羅納-阿爾卑斯大區">奧弗涅-羅納-阿爾卑斯</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">171,260</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">5</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="尼斯">尼斯</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E7%BE%85%E6%97%BA%E6%96%AF-%E9%98%BF%E7%88%BE%E5%8D%91%E6%96%AF-%E8%94%9A%E8%97%8D%E6%B5%B7%E5%B2%B8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="普羅旺斯-阿爾卑斯-蔚藍海岸">普羅旺斯-阿爾卑斯-蔚藍海岸</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">343,304</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">15</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%80%AB?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="土倫">土倫</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E7%BE%85%E6%97%BA%E6%96%AF-%E9%98%BF%E7%88%BE%E5%8D%91%E6%96%AF-%E8%94%9A%E8%97%8D%E6%B5%B7%E5%B2%B8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="普羅旺斯-阿爾卑斯-蔚藍海岸">普羅旺斯-阿爾卑斯-蔚藍海岸</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">164,532</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">6</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E7%89%B9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="南特">南特</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%A2%E7%93%A6%E5%B0%94%E6%B2%B3%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="卢瓦尔河地区">羅亞爾河地區</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">284,970</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">16</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%8B%92%E8%AF%BA%E5%B8%83%E5%B0%94?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="格勒诺布尔">格勒諾布爾</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E5%BC%97%E6%B6%85-%E7%BE%85%E7%B4%8D-%E9%98%BF%E7%88%BE%E5%8D%91%E6%96%AF%E5%A4%A7%E5%8D%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="奧弗涅-羅納-阿爾卑斯大區">奧弗涅-羅納-阿爾卑斯</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">155,637</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">7</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8F%B2%E7%89%B9%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF%E5%A0%A1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="史特拉斯堡">史特拉斯堡</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E7%88%BE%E8%96%A9%E6%96%AF-%E9%A6%99%E6%AA%B3-%E9%98%BF%E7%99%BB-%E6%B4%9B%E6%9E%97%E5%A4%A7%E5%8D%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="阿爾薩斯-香檳-阿登-洛林大區">大东部</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">271,782</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">17</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E6%88%8E?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="第戎">第戎</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8B%83%E8%89%AE%E7%AC%AC-%E5%BC%97%E6%9C%97%E4%BB%80-%E5%AD%94%E6%B3%B0%E5%A4%A7%E5%8D%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="勃艮第-弗朗什-孔泰大區">勃艮第-弗朗什-孔泰</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">151,212</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">8</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%BD%BC%E5%88%A9%E5%9F%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="蒙彼利埃">蒙彼利埃</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%9C%97%E6%A0%BC%E5%A4%9A%E5%85%8B-%E9%AD%AF%E8%A5%BF%E6%B0%B8-%E5%8D%97%E9%83%A8-%E6%AF%94%E5%88%A9%E7%89%9B%E6%96%AF%E5%A4%A7%E5%8D%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="朗格多克-魯西永-南部-比利牛斯大區">欧西坦尼亚</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">257,351</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">18</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%98%82%E7%86%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="昂熱">昂熱</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%A2%E7%93%A6%E5%B0%94%E6%B2%B3%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="卢瓦尔河地区">羅亞爾河地區</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">147,571</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">9</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E7%88%BE%E5%A4%9A?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="波爾多">波爾多</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%9F%BA%E5%9D%A6-%E5%88%A9%E7%A9%86%E8%B4%8A-%E6%99%AE%E7%93%A6%E5%9C%96-%E5%A4%8F%E6%9C%97%E5%BE%B7%E5%A4%A7%E5%8D%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="阿基坦-利穆贊-普瓦圖-夏朗德大區">新阿基坦</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">239,157</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">19</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%8B%92%E7%8F%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="维勒班">维勒班</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E5%BC%97%E6%B6%85-%E7%BE%85%E7%B4%8D-%E9%98%BF%E7%88%BE%E5%8D%91%E6%96%AF%E5%A4%A7%E5%8D%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="奧弗涅-羅納-阿爾卑斯大區">奧弗涅-羅納-阿爾卑斯</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">145,150</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">10</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%87%8C%E7%88%BE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="里爾">里爾</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E8%A5%BF%E5%A4%A7%E5%8C%BA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="上法兰西大区">上法兰西</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">227,560</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">20</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E4%BD%86%E5%B0%BC_(%E7%95%99%E5%B0%BC%E6%B1%AA)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="圣但尼 (留尼汪)"> 圣但尼</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%95%99%E5%B0%BC%E6%B1%AA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="留尼汪">留尼汪</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">145,022</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="语言"><span id=".E8.AF.AD.E8.A8.80"></span>语言</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&section=31&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="编辑章节：语言" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>编辑</span> </a> </span> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> 主条目：<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法國語言">法國語言</a> </div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Map-Francophone_World.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Map-Francophone_World.svg/350px-Map-Francophone_World.svg.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="179" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2757" data-file-height="1412"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 350px;height: 179px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Map-Francophone_World.svg/350px-Map-Francophone_World.svg.png" data-width="350" data-height="179" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Map-Francophone_World.svg/525px-Map-Francophone_World.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Map-Francophone_World.svg/700px-Map-Francophone_World.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法语国家和地区列表">法语国家和地区</a>分布示意图 <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84565780">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid var(--border-color-notice,black);color:inherit}.mw-parser-output .legend-color-styled{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid var(--border-color-notice,black);color:inherit}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style> <div class="legend"> <span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#0c5eb1; color:white;"> </span> 母语 </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84565780"> <div class="legend"> <span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#0080ff; color:black;"> </span> 行政语言 </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84565780"> <div class="legend"> <span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#9fceff; color:black;"> </span> 第二或非官方语言 </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84565780"> <div class="legend"> <span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#00ff00; color:black;"> </span> 法语社群 </div> </figcaption> </figure> <p>根据法国宪法第二条，法国的官方语言是<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%AF%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法语">法语</a><sup id="cite_ref-261" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-261"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>242<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，属于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E6%9B%BC%E8%AF%AD%E6%97%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="罗曼语族">罗曼语族</a>，由<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AF%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="拉丁语">拉丁语</a>演化而来。自1635年起，<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E8%A5%BF%E5%AD%A6%E6%9C%AF%E9%99%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法兰西学术院">法兰西学术院</a>就是法语的权威机构，但其并无立法权力。除法语外，法国国内有77种地方语言，其中8种分布于法国本土，69种分布于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E6%B5%B7%E5%A4%96%E7%9C%81%E5%92%8C%E6%B5%B7%E5%A4%96%E9%A2%86%E5%9C%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="法国海外省和海外领地">海外领地</a>。法国政府并未规定私人出版物的语言文字，但是法国法律要求在商业和工作场合中使用法语。除在本国推行法语相关措施外，法国政府亦建立<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%AA%9E%E5%9C%88%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="法語圈國際組織">法语圈国际组织</a>等国际机构，以提高法语在欧洲乃至全世界的地位。据估计，全世界大约有2.2亿人会讲法语<sup id="cite_ref-262" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-262"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>243<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，其中包括<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%AF%8D%E8%AF%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="母语">母语</a>使用者和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="第二语言">第二语言</a>使用者。</p> <p>自17世纪至20世纪中期，法语是欧洲流行语言，多用于外交及国际事务，也是欧洲上层社会和知识分子的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%80%9A%E7%94%A8%E8%AF%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="通用语">通用语</a><sup id="cite_ref-exception_263-0" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-exception-263"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>244<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。但在当时，法语并不是大部分法国人的母语：根据1794年<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%A8%E5%88%A9%C2%B7%E6%A0%BC%E9%9B%B7%E7%93%9C%E5%B0%94?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="亨利·格雷瓜尔">亨利·格雷瓜尔</a>所作的统计<sup id="cite_ref-264" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-264"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>245<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，全国2,500万人中，只有300万人的母语为法语，余下人群的母语各异（有<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E8%90%A8%E6%96%AF%E8%AF%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="阿尔萨斯语">阿尔萨斯语</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E5%88%97%E5%A1%94%E5%B0%BC%E8%AF%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="布列塔尼语">布列塔尼语</a>和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="奥克语">奥克语</a>）。由于法国教育的普及（法语是惟一的教学语言）、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82%E5%8C%96?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="城市化">城市化</a>的推进以及大众传媒的兴起，法语得以取代其他语言，在全国的方方面面被广泛使用，这个语言一体化的进程到20世纪最终完成。随着英國在世界範圍的擴張與美國的崛起，法语的外交通用语地位为<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="英语">英语</a>所取代<sup id="cite_ref-Language_and_Diplomacy_57-1" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Language_and_Diplomacy-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-265" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-265"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>246<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-266" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-266"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>247<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</p> <p>即使英語取代法語的外交通用語地位，但是法語的單字與文法比英語嚴謹與清晰，許多國際組織或外交文件等等，有英語版，有時候會附上法語版。當英語版出現翻譯、單字或文法有疑慮，則以法語版為主。法語至今也是許多國際組織的官方語言，例如<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="聯合國">聯合國</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E8%B2%BF%E6%98%93%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="世界貿易組織">世界貿易組織</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E8%A1%9B%E7%94%9F%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="世界衛生組織">世界衛生組織</a>和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E8%B6%B3%E7%90%83%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E4%BC%9A?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="国际足球联合会">國際足球聯合會</a>等等。</p> <p>由于17世纪至20世纪<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E8%A5%BF%E6%AE%96%E6%B0%91%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="法兰西殖民帝国">法国在全球范围内的殖民扩张</a>，法语在<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="美洲">美洲</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="非洲">非洲</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%88%A9%E5%B0%BC%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="波利尼西亚">波利尼西亚</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%9A?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="东南亚">东南亚</a>和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E5%8B%92%E6%AF%94%E6%B5%B7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="加勒比海">加勒比海</a>等地区得到传播，许多前殖民地将法语作为官方语言。如今法语是除英语之外学习人数最多的外语<sup id="cite_ref-267" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-267"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>248<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，法语使用者的数量也处在增长之中，特别是在<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="非洲">非洲</a>的部分国家。<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8E%BB%E6%AE%96%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%96?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="去殖民地化">去殖民地化</a>后，法语在<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="非洲">非洲</a>的部分地区保留通用语的地位，在<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%B1%9E%E6%B3%A2%E5%88%A9%E5%B0%BC%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="法属波利尼西亚">法属波利尼西亚</a>和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E7%BE%A4%E5%B2%9B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="西印度群岛">西印度群岛</a>则出现以法语为基础的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E9%87%8C%E5%A5%A5%E5%B0%94%E8%AF%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="克里奥尔语">混合语</a>和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%9A%AE%E9%92%A6%E8%AF%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="皮钦语">混杂语言</a>。而在<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%BB%8E%E5%87%A1%E7%89%B9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="黎凡特">黎凡特</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="印度">印度</a>和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%9A?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="东南亚">东南亚</a>的法国前殖民地，法语的使用则较为少见。</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="宗教"><span id=".E5.AE.97.E6.95.99"></span>宗教</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&section=32&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="编辑章节：宗教" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>编辑</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Facade_de_la_Cath%C3%A9drale_de_Reims_-_Parvis.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Facade_de_la_Cath%C3%A9drale_de_Reims_-_Parvis.jpg/170px-Facade_de_la_Cath%C3%A9drale_de_Reims_-_Parvis.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="3888"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 255px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Facade_de_la_Cath%C3%A9drale_de_Reims_-_Parvis.jpg/170px-Facade_de_la_Cath%C3%A9drale_de_Reims_-_Parvis.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="255" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Facade_de_la_Cath%C3%A9drale_de_Reims_-_Parvis.jpg/255px-Facade_de_la_Cath%C3%A9drale_de_Reims_-_Parvis.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Facade_de_la_Cath%C3%A9drale_de_Reims_-_Parvis.jpg/340px-Facade_de_la_Cath%C3%A9drale_de_Reims_-_Parvis.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%85%B0%E6%96%AF%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E5%BA%A7%E5%A0%82?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="兰斯主教座堂">兰斯主教座堂</a>直至1825年一直是法国国王的主要加冕地，历史上曾经有25位法国君主在此加冕 </figcaption> </figure> <p>法国是<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E4%BF%97?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="世俗">世俗国家</a>，<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%B0%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="宗教信仰自由">宗教信仰自由</a>是宪法赋予公民的权利。法国目前的宗教政策植根于历史上的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E4%BF%97%E6%80%A7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="世俗性">法国式世俗主义</a>（Laïcité，严格实行<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E6%95%99%E5%88%86%E7%A6%BB?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="政教分离">政教分离</a>，保证公共生活的世俗性）思想。</p> <p><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="天主教">天主教</a>在法国占主要地位达一千多年之久。在法国47,000座宗教建筑物中，94%为<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="罗马天主教">罗马天主教</a>建筑<sup id="cite_ref-268" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-268"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>249<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法国大革命">法国大革命</a>后，伴随着<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8E%BB%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99_(%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="去基督教 (法国大革命)">去基督化运动</a>，天主教会失去先前在君主制国家的崇高地位。19世纪法国政局动荡，政治制度摇摆不定，天主教会的地位也来回改变。1905年<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1905%E5%B9%B4%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E6%94%BF%E6%95%99%E5%88%86%E9%9B%A2%E6%B3%95%E6%A1%88?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1905年法國政教分離法案">政教分离法案</a>的实施<sup id="cite_ref-georgetown2_269-0" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-georgetown2-269"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>250<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>彻底终止天主教会和其它宗教团体的特权（<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="隨軍神職人員" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Military chaplain"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E9%9A%A8%E8%BB%8D%E7%A5%9E%E8%81%B7%E4%BA%BA%E5%93%A1&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="隨軍神職人員（页面不存在）">隨軍神職人員</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_chaplain" class="extiw" title="en:Military chaplain"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Military chaplain</span></a></span>）</span></span>团体和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E8%90%A8%E6%96%AF-%E6%B4%9B%E6%9E%97?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="阿尔萨斯-洛林">阿尔萨斯-洛林</a>地区除外），而只认可不宣扬宗教信条、不干扰决策的“宗教组织”<sup id="cite_ref-270" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-270"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>251<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。而<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%B1%B1%E9%81%94%E5%9F%BA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="山達基">山达基</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%AE%B6%E5%BA%AD%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="家庭國際">家庭国际</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%BB%9F%E4%B8%80%E6%95%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="统一教">统一教</a>和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3%E5%9C%A3%E6%AE%BF%E6%95%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="太阳圣殿教">太阳圣殿教</a>等信仰则被政府认定为<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%82%AA%E6%95%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="邪教">邪教</a><sup id="cite_ref-271" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-271"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>252<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>（sectes，贬义词<sup id="cite_ref-272" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-272"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>253<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>），在法律中不具有宗教的地位。</p> <p>关于法国国内的宗教信仰情况，不同的调查给出了不同的数字。根据1965年的调查，81%的法国人认为自己信仰天主教，而在2009年的一项调查中这个比率降为64%；1952年有27%的法国人每周参与一次<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%BC%A5%E6%92%92?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="弥撒">弥撒</a>（或更多），但在2006年，这个比率仅为5%<sup id="cite_ref-catho_273-0" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-catho-273"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>254<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。调查还显示，法国国内有3%的人口信仰<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E6%95%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="新教">新教</a>，自先前调查中有所增加；5%的人口信仰其它宗教，而28%的人口没有宗教信仰<sup id="cite_ref-catho_273-1" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-catho-273"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>254<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%A6%8F%E9%9F%B3%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="福音主義">福音派新教</a>或是目前法国发展最为迅速的宗教<sup id="cite_ref-274" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-274"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>255<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。根据2007年1月的另一项民意调查<sup id="cite_ref-275" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-275"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>256<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，法国有51%的人口信仰天主教，31%的人口坚持<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%97%A0%E7%A5%9E%E8%AE%BA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="无神论">无神论</a>或<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%B8%8D%E5%8F%AF%E7%9F%A5%E8%AE%BA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="不可知论">不可知论</a>（另一调查显示这一比率为27%<sup id="cite_ref-276" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-276"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>257<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>）只有5%的法国人定期前往教堂（在天主教人口中占10%），10%的人口信仰其他宗教或无确定信仰，4%的人口为<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E6%96%AF%E6%9E%97?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="穆斯林">穆斯林</a>，3%的人口信仰<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E6%95%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="新教">新教</a>，<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="佛教">佛教</a>和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="犹太教">犹太教</a>则各有1%的信徒<sup id="cite_ref-religion_277-0" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-religion-277"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>258<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。2009年政治逻辑学专家皮埃尔·布雷雄的独立估计认为，法国的天主教人口比率已跌至42%，而无神论者或不可知论者的比率升至50%<sup id="cite_ref-278" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-278"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>259<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。2012年的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E6%99%B4%E9%9B%A8%E8%A1%A8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="歐洲晴雨表">歐洲晴雨表</a><sup id="cite_ref-EUROBAROMETER_279-0" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-EUROBAROMETER-279"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>260<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>则显示，总共60%的法国人信仰<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="基督教">基督教</a>（50%为<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="天主教">天主教</a>信徒，8%为<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E6%95%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="新教">新教</a>徒，其余2%信仰其它教派），20%的人口无信仰或为<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%97%A0%E7%A5%9E%E8%AE%BA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="无神论">无神论</a>者，13%的人口为<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%B8%8D%E5%8F%AF%E7%9F%A5%E8%AE%BA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="不可知论">不可知论</a>者，6%的人口为<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E6%96%AF%E6%9E%97?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="穆斯林">穆斯林</a>。</p> <p>法国的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E6%96%AF%E6%9E%97?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="穆斯林">穆斯林</a>群体近年来增长较快，但不同的估计人数之间相差很大。2003年，法国内政部估计的人数是500至600万（8－10%）<sup id="cite_ref-280" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-280"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>261<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-281" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-281"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>262<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。在法國監獄服刑的囚犯估計有約70%是穆斯林<sup id="cite_ref-282" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-282"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>263<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。根据<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA%E5%A4%A7%E4%BC%9A?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="世界犹太人大会">世界犹太人大会</a>发布的数字，法国国内大约有60万名<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="犹太教">犹太教</a>信徒，为欧洲最多。</p> <p>因法国国内发生的包括<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%96%A9%E7%B9%86%E7%88%BE%C2%B7%E5%B8%95%E8%92%82%E8%AC%80%E6%AE%BA%E6%A1%88?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="薩繆爾·帕蒂謀殺案">薩繆爾·帕蒂謀殺案</a>在内的多起穆斯林主导的恐怖袭击事件，时任法国总统的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E9%A9%AC%E7%BA%BD%E5%9F%83%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E9%BE%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="埃马纽埃尔·马克龙">马克龙</a>为打击极端宗教分子，要求法国国内的穆斯林群体采用其制定的“共和国价值宪章”（charter of republican values），该宪章要求穆斯林反对<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%A7%8D%E6%97%8F%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="种族主义">种族主义</a>和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="反犹太主义">反犹太主义</a>，否定伊斯兰教具有政治目的，强调<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%80%A7%E5%88%A5%E5%B9%B3%E7%AD%89?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="性別平等">性別平等</a>原则，谴责女性<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%89%B2%E7%A6%AE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="割禮">割礼</a>、强迫婚姻<sup id="cite_ref-:0_283-0" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-:0-283"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>264<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>；2021年1月17日，<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E7%A9%86%E6%96%AF%E6%9E%97%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%B0%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法国穆斯林信仰委员会">法国穆斯林信仰委员会</a>（CFCM）主席穆罕默德·穆萨维发布声明称同意采用该宪章<sup id="cite_ref-:0_283-1" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-:0-283"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>264<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="医疗卫生"><span id=".E5.8C.BB.E7.96.97.E5.8D.AB.E7.94.9F"></span>医疗卫生</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&section=33&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="编辑章节：医疗卫生" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>编辑</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:P1000513_Paris_XIII_Salpetri%C3%A8re_reductwk.JPG?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/P1000513_Paris_XIII_Salpetri%C3%A8re_reductwk.JPG/220px-P1000513_Paris_XIII_Salpetri%C3%A8re_reductwk.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="113" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="772"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 113px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/P1000513_Paris_XIII_Salpetri%C3%A8re_reductwk.JPG/220px-P1000513_Paris_XIII_Salpetri%C3%A8re_reductwk.JPG" data-width="220" data-height="113" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/P1000513_Paris_XIII_Salpetri%C3%A8re_reductwk.JPG/330px-P1000513_Paris_XIII_Salpetri%C3%A8re_reductwk.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/P1000513_Paris_XIII_Salpetri%C3%A8re_reductwk.JPG/440px-P1000513_Paris_XIII_Salpetri%C3%A8re_reductwk.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="硝石库慈善医院" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E7%A1%9D%E7%9F%B3%E5%BA%93%E6%85%88%E5%96%84%E5%8C%BB%E9%99%A2&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="硝石库慈善医院（页面不存在）">硝石库慈善医院</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piti%25C3%25A9-Salp%25C3%25AAtri%25C3%25A8re_Hospital" class="extiw" title="en:Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital</span></a></span>）</span></span>，巴黎一家<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%95%99%E5%AD%B8%E9%86%AB%E9%99%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="教學醫院">教学医院</a>，是欧洲规模最大的医院之一<sup id="cite_ref-284" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-284"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>265<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </figcaption> </figure> <p>法国的医疗保健系统由政府支持的<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="国民卫生保险" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="National health insurance"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E5%9B%BD%E6%B0%91%E5%8D%AB%E7%94%9F%E4%BF%9D%E9%99%A9&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="国民卫生保险（页面不存在）">国民卫生保险</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_health_insurance" class="extiw" title="en:National health insurance"><span lang="en" dir="auto">National health insurance</span></a></span>）</span></span>资助，实施<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E6%B0%91%E5%8C%BB%E4%BF%9D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="全民医保">全民医保</a>。2000年<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%8D%AB%E7%94%9F%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="世界卫生组织">世界卫生组织</a>对于各国医保系统的调查评估显示，法国医保系统为“几近最佳的整体医疗保健”<sup id="cite_ref-who.int_285-0" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-who.int-285"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>266<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。在1997年世界卫生组织的医保系统排名中，法国排名世界首位<sup id="cite_ref-286" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-286"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>267<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-287" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-287"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>268<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。2011年，法国将<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/GDP?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="GDP">GDP</a>的11.6%（人均4,086美元）用于医疗保健<sup id="cite_ref-WHO_country_facts:_France_288-0" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-WHO_country_facts:_France-288"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>269<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，这个比率高于欧洲平均水平，但稍低于美国，而大约77%的医疗支出皆为政府资助的机构所支持<sup id="cite_ref-289" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-289"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>270<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</p> <p>在法国，<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%99%8C%E7%97%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="癌症">癌症</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%89%BE%E6%BB%8B%E7%97%85?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="艾滋病">艾滋病</a>和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%9B%8A%E8%82%BF%E6%80%A7%E7%BA%A4%E7%BB%B4%E5%8C%96?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="囊肿性纤维化">囊肿性纤维化</a>等<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%85%A2%E6%80%A7%E7%97%85?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="慢性病">慢性病</a>（affections de longues durées）病人可得到免费治疗。法国男性的平均寿命为78岁，女性平均寿命为85岁，是<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E7%9B%9F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="欧盟">欧盟</a>内国民最为长寿的国家之一<sup id="cite_ref-290" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-290"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>271<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 根据统计，每1000名法国居民中，有3.22名医生<sup id="cite_ref-291" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-291"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>272<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>；2008年，法国人均医疗保健支出为4,719美元<sup id="cite_ref-292" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-292"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>273<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。截至2007年<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">2007-Missing required parameter 1=<i>month</i>!</span>)</span><sup class="plainlinks noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3D%25E6%25B3%2595%25E5%259B%25BD%26action%3Dedit">[update]</a></sup>，大约140,000名法国居民（占总人口0.4%）患有<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%89%BE%E6%BB%8B%E7%97%85?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="艾滋病">艾滋病</a><sup id="cite_ref-France_117-7" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-France-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</p> <p>尽管在西方印象中，<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%BA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法兰西人">法国人</a>与其他<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8F%91%E8%BE%BE%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="发达国家">发达国家</a>国民相比身材较为苗条<sup id="cite_ref-obesity_293-0" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-obesity-293"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>274<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-daily_294-0" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-daily-294"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>275<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Telegraph_295-0" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Telegraph-295"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>276<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bloomberg_296-0" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-bloomberg-296"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>277<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-297" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-297"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>278<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-298" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-298"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>279<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，但事实上近年来，法国与其他富裕国家一样，面临着<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%82%A5%E8%83%96?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="肥胖">肥胖</a>人群持续扩大的威胁<sup id="cite_ref-obesity_293-1" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-obesity-293"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>274<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-daily_294-1" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-daily-294"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>275<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-obesity2_299-0" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-obesity2-299"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>280<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。而肥胖已经被当局定位主要公共健康问题之一<sup id="cite_ref-300" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-300"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>281<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，但法国仍在发达国家中保有较低的肥胖率，远低于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="美国">美国</a>（20世纪70年代两国肥胖率大致相等<sup id="cite_ref-daily_294-2" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-daily-294"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>275<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>），同时也是欧洲国家中肥胖率最低的国家之一<sup id="cite_ref-bloomberg_296-1" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-bloomberg-296"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>277<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-obesity2_299-1" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-obesity2-299"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>280<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。经过政府近年来的工作，不同于其他国家儿童持续升高的肥胖率，法国儿童的肥胖率正在降低<sup id="cite_ref-301" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-301"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>282<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="教育"><span id=".E6.95.99.E8.82.B2"></span>教育</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&section=34&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="编辑章节：教育" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>编辑</span> </a> </span> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> 主条目：<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法国教育">法国教育</a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Absolute_BNUS_01.JPG?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Absolute_BNUS_01.JPG/220px-Absolute_BNUS_01.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Absolute_BNUS_01.JPG/220px-Absolute_BNUS_01.JPG" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Absolute_BNUS_01.JPG/330px-Absolute_BNUS_01.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Absolute_BNUS_01.JPG/440px-Absolute_BNUS_01.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF%E5%A0%A1%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="斯特拉斯堡大学">斯特拉斯堡大学</a>校区内的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF%E5%A0%A1%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E5%92%8C%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E5%9B%BE%E4%B9%A6%E9%A6%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="斯特拉斯堡国家和大学图书馆">斯特拉斯堡国家和大学图书馆</a> </figcaption> </figure> <p>19世纪80年代<sup id="cite_ref-302" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-302"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>283<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%8C%B9%E8%B4%B9%E7%90%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="茹费理">茹费理</a>颁布<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%B4%B9%E9%87%8C%E6%B3%95?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="费里法">费里法</a>创立近代教育制度，规定教育的免费性、世俗性和强制性，被视为法国近代教育制度之父。但在1802年，<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%8B%BF%E7%A0%B4%E4%BB%91%C2%B7%E6%B3%A2%E6%8B%BF%E5%B7%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="拿破仑·波拿巴">拿破仑</a>便创建高中教育（lycée）<sup id="cite_ref-303" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-303"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>284<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。2011年<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E5%AD%A6%E7%94%9F%E8%83%BD%E5%8A%9B%E8%AF%84%E4%BC%B0%E8%AE%A1%E5%88%92?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="国际学生能力评估计划">国际学生能力评估计划</a>评定法国的教育水平位居世界第25位<sup id="cite_ref-304" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-304"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>285<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，接近<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%90%88%E4%BD%9C%E4%B8%8E%E5%8F%91%E5%B1%95%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="经济合作与发展组织">经合组织</a>成员国平均水平。法国教育制度可以分为三个阶段：<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%88%9D%E7%AD%89%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="初等教育">初等教育</a>（enseignement primaire）、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E7%AD%89%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="中等教育">中等教育</a>（enseignement secondaire）和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E9%AB%98%E7%AD%89%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法国高等教育">高等教育</a>（enseignement supérieur），初等教育和中等教育以<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2%E9%83%A8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="法國教育部">教育部</a>主管、免费且<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E4%BF%97?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="世俗">世俗</a>的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E7%AB%8B%E5%AD%A6%E6%A0%A1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="公立学校">公立学校</a>占优势，而高等教育则兼有公立和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%A7%81%E7%AB%8B%E5%AD%A6%E6%A0%A1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="私立学校">私立</a>成分。法国要求6岁至16岁的公民必须接受强制性教育（最初<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%B4%B9%E9%87%8C%E6%B3%95?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="费里法">费里法</a>规定为6至13岁，后有所上调<sup id="cite_ref-305" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-305"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>286<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>）。初等及中等教育公立学校教师的培训及薪酬，以及教学方案的选择由国家及其下属的地方政府主管。</p> <p>初等教育包括两个阶段。幼儿学校（Maternelle）并非强制，面向3至6岁的儿童，进行启蒙教育、社会教育以及简单的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="语言">语言</a>和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="数字">数字</a>教学。<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E5%AD%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="小学">小学</a>（École élémentaire）面向6至11岁的儿童，由一两位教师讲授许多不同的学科，例如<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%AF%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法语">法语</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="数学">数学</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="自然科学">自然科学</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="历史">历史</a>和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="地理">地理</a>（后两门很少分开）。中等教育亦分为两个阶段，<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%88%9D%E4%B8%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="初中">初中</a>（collège，4年制）及<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E4%B8%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="高中">高中</a>（lycée，3年制）。初中阶段，通过日常考核评分、以及最后一年的学习考核，合格者将会获得国家升学文凭（Diplôme national du brevet），得以升入高中学习。高中（lycée）完成后需要进行业士文凭考试，成功取得高中文凭后，可以到高等院校就读。</p> <p><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="法国大学列表">高等院校</a>分为<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E6%A0%A1_(%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="大学校 (法国)">大学校</a>（grande école）和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E7%9A%84%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法国的大学">大学</a>（université）。大学校比大学享有更高的声誉，是法国菁英份子的摇篮，其选择程序也较具竞争性。著名的大学校有<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E9%BB%8E%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="巴黎政治学院">巴黎政治学院</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E9%BB%8E%E9%AB%98%E7%AD%89%E5%B8%AB%E7%AF%84%E5%AD%B8%E6%A0%A1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="巴黎高等師範學校">巴黎高等師範學校</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E9%BB%8E%E9%AB%98%E7%AD%89%E5%95%86%E6%A5%AD%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%AD%B8%E9%99%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="巴黎高等商業研究學院">巴黎高等商业研究学院</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E9%BB%8E%E7%BB%BC%E5%90%88%E7%90%86%E5%B7%A5%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="巴黎综合理工学院">巴黎综合理工学院</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E7%AB%8B%E5%B7%B4%E9%BB%8E%E9%AB%98%E7%AD%89%E7%9F%BF%E4%B8%9A%E5%AD%A6%E6%A0%A1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="国立巴黎高等矿业学校">国立巴黎高等矿业学校</a>和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2_(%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="国家行政学院 (法国)">国家行政学院</a>。大学校培养有众多高等公务员、首席执行官和政治人士，被认为有<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%B2%BE%E8%8B%B1%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="精英主义">精英主义</a>色彩<sup id="cite_ref-gécoles_306-0" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-g%C3%A9coles-306"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>287<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。高等教育由国家资助，学费较低，自150欧元至700欧元不等（因学校和年级而异），所以一名学生要获得硕士学位（耗时5年），需要花费750到3,500欧元。公立工程学校的学费相对较高，大约为700欧元/年，但是私立工程学校的最高年学费可达到7,000欧元。而一些私立或是半私立的商学院的年学费，最多可达到15,000欧元。20岁以下学生的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8C%BB%E7%96%97%E4%BF%9D%E9%99%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="医疗保险">医疗保险</a>是免费的。</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="文化"><span id=".E6.96.87.E5.8C.96"></span>文化</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&section=35&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="编辑章节：文化" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>编辑</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> 主条目：<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法国文化">法国文化</a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Chenonceau_-_west_view_from_Catherine_de_Medici_Gardens_1a_(4_May_2006).JPG?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Chenonceau_-_west_view_from_Catherine_de_Medici_Gardens_1a_%284_May_2006%29.JPG/220px-Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Chenonceau_-_west_view_from_Catherine_de_Medici_Gardens_1a_%284_May_2006%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="900"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Chenonceau_-_west_view_from_Catherine_de_Medici_Gardens_1a_%284_May_2006%29.JPG/220px-Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Chenonceau_-_west_view_from_Catherine_de_Medici_Gardens_1a_%284_May_2006%29.JPG" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Chenonceau_-_west_view_from_Catherine_de_Medici_Gardens_1a_%284_May_2006%29.JPG/330px-Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Chenonceau_-_west_view_from_Catherine_de_Medici_Gardens_1a_%284_May_2006%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Chenonceau_-_west_view_from_Catherine_de_Medici_Gardens_1a_%284_May_2006%29.JPG/440px-Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Chenonceau_-_west_view_from_Catherine_de_Medici_Gardens_1a_%284_May_2006%29.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%A2%E7%93%A6%E5%B0%94%E6%B2%B3%E6%B5%81%E5%9F%9F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="卢瓦尔河流域">卢瓦尔河谷</a>的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%88%8D%E5%86%9C%E7%B4%A2%E5%9F%8E%E5%A0%A1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="舍农索城堡">舍农索城堡</a> </figcaption> </figure> <p>13世纪以来，法国都是世界文化中心之一。法国拥有众多世界闻名的文學家及艺术家，并且因其深厚的文化传统而闻名于世。法国文化富有多元性，具有浓厚的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%93%A5%E7%89%B9%E5%BC%8F%E8%89%BA%E6%9C%AF?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="哥特式艺术">哥特式艺术</a>和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="天主教">天主教</a>式融合的风格。现代法国文化则不断涌现和产生出新的文化融合来，造就出今天的法兰西文化；而这自然就与古代古典的法兰克文化相对地显得大相径庭。法国对文化严肃以待，作家、艺术家、服饰设计师以及知识分子等，在法国社会上都有崇高的地位。1959年成立的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E9%83%A8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法国文化部">法国文化部</a>致力于保护文化遗产、发展旅游观光、给予艺术补贴、举办节日庆典及文化活动和保护并提升法国文化在世界的地位。</p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Delacroix_-_La_liberte.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Delacroix_-_La_liberte.jpg/220px-Delacroix_-_La_liberte.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="174" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="1110"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 174px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Delacroix_-_La_liberte.jpg/220px-Delacroix_-_La_liberte.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="174" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Delacroix_-_La_liberte.jpg/330px-Delacroix_-_La_liberte.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Delacroix_-_La_liberte.jpg/440px-Delacroix_-_La_liberte.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> 《<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E5%BC%95%E5%AF%BC%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="自由引导人民">自由引导人民</a>》，<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E4%BB%81%C2%B7%E5%BE%B7%E6%8B%89%E5%85%8B%E7%BD%97%E7%93%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="欧仁·德拉克罗瓦">欧仁·德拉克罗瓦</a>绘 </figcaption> </figure> <p><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法国大革命">法国大革命</a>被视为法国人的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%9B%86%E4%BD%93%E5%9B%9E%E5%BF%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="集体回忆">集体回忆</a>，大大地影响法国人的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BB%B7%E5%80%BC%E8%A7%82?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="价值观">价值观念</a>。法国宪法第1条所定义的法国的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E8%B1%A1%E5%BE%B5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="國家象徵">国家象征</a>，即<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E6%97%97?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法国国旗">国旗</a>红白蓝<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E8%89%B2%E6%97%97?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="三色旗">三色旗</a>、国歌《<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E8%B5%9B%E6%9B%B2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="马赛曲">马赛曲</a>》，格言“<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E3%80%81%E5%B9%B3%E7%AD%89%E3%80%81%E5%8D%9A%E7%88%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="自由、平等、博爱">自由、平等、博爱</a>”，以及民间的国家拟人化象征<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%8E%9B%E4%B8%BD%E5%AE%89%E5%A8%9C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="玛丽安娜">玛丽安娜</a>、公共假日<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E5%BA%86%E6%97%A5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="法国国庆日">巴士底日</a>，都源自于大革命<sup id="cite_ref-307" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-307"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>288<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。法国的另一个国家象征是<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E5%8D%A2%E9%9B%84%E9%B8%A1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="高卢雄鸡">高卢雄鸡</a>，源自于拉丁文词汇Gallus所具有的多义“<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E9%9B%9E?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="公雞">公鸡</a>”和“高卢人”。无论是王室还是革命者，都将高卢雄鸡当作是法国的不二象征，高卢雄鸡的形象经常出现于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%82%AE%E7%A5%A8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="邮票">邮票</a>与<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%A1%AC%E5%B8%81?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="硬币">硬币</a>上<sup id="cite_ref-308" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-308"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>289<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</p> <p>法国全国历史建筑及文化地点众多，使得法国成为世界上旅游参观者最多的国家。法国国内大约有1,200家博物馆，每年招待有5,000多万名游客<sup id="cite_ref-309" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-309"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>290<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。一些重要的文化景点受到政府保护，如<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E5%8F%A4%E8%B9%9F%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="國家古蹟中心">國家古蹟中心</a>负责85处文物古迹的保护。在43,180处历史建筑物中，包括众多<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%BC%8F%E5%9F%8E%E5%A0%A1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法式城堡">法式城堡</a>（châteaux）、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E5%BA%A7%E5%A0%82%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法国天主教主教座堂列表">天主教堂</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%8A%B1%E5%9B%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="花园">花园</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%BA%AA%E5%BF%B5%E7%A2%91?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="纪念碑">纪念碑</a>和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%B4%80%E5%BF%B5%E9%A4%A8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="紀念館">纪念馆</a><sup id="cite_ref-310" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-310"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>291<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</p> <p>法国文化在全球具有积极的影响。根据2008年的<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="国家品牌指数" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Nation branding"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E5%93%81%E7%89%8C%E6%8C%87%E6%95%B0&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="国家品牌指数（页面不存在）">国家品牌指数</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nation_branding" class="extiw" title="en:Nation branding"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Nation branding</span></a></span>）</span></span>，法国的名望位居世界第二，仅次于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="德国">德国</a><sup id="cite_ref-311" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-311"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>292<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。而2010年<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/BBC?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="BBC">BBC</a>的一项基于28国29,977个回执的调查得出，49%的受调查者对于法国文化影响的看法是积极的，而19%的受调查者具有消极的看法，余下持中立观点<sup id="cite_ref-312" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-312"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>293<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-313" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-313"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>294<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。根据2011年的一项调查，法国具有最高程度的宗教宽容度，且拥有较强的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E8%AE%A4%E5%90%8C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="国家认同">国家认同</a>感，而非宗教认同感<sup id="cite_ref-pewmwtp_314-0" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-pewmwtp-314"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>295<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。69%的法国人对于美国具有正面看法，使得法国成为世界上最为亲美的国家之一<sup id="cite_ref-315" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-315"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>296<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。2010年1月，《<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="国际生活" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="International Living"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E7%94%9F%E6%B4%BB&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="国际生活（页面不存在）">国际生活</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Living" class="extiw" title="en:International Living"><span lang="en" dir="auto">International Living</span></a></span>）</span></span>》<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%9D%82%E5%BF%97?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="杂志">杂志</a>连续第五年将法国评为“世界最宜居国家”<sup id="cite_ref-316" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-316"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>297<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-quality_317-0" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-quality-317"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>298<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</p> <p>近数十年内，法国的世界文化中心地位为美国所取代<sup id="cite_ref-exception_263-1" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-exception-263"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>244<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，因此法国为保护并提升其文化的地位出台许多措施，成为“<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E4%BE%8B%E5%A4%96?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="文化例外">文化例外</a>”理念的主要倡导者<sup id="cite_ref-318" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-318"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>299<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。法国政府成功说服所有欧盟成员国拒绝将“文化及视听”加入1993年<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E8%B4%B8%E6%98%93%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="世界贸易组织">世界贸易组织</a>的自由化名单<sup id="cite_ref-319" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-319"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>300<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>；在<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E5%9B%BD%E6%95%99%E7%A7%91%E6%96%87%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="联合国教科文组织">联合国教科文组织</a>2005年的一项投票中，法国主导的“文化例外”理念得到了压倒性的支持，198个国家投了支持票，只有美国与<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="以色列">以色列</a>反对<sup id="cite_ref-320" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-320"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>301<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="美术"><span id=".E7.BE.8E.E6.9C.AF"></span>美术</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&section=36&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="编辑章节：美术" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>编辑</span> </a> </span> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> 主条目：<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E7%BE%8E%E6%9C%AF?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法国美术">法国美术</a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Claude_Monet_023.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Claude_Monet_023.jpg/170px-Claude_Monet_023.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="259" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1576" data-file-height="2399"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 259px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Claude_Monet_023.jpg/170px-Claude_Monet_023.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="259" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Claude_Monet_023.jpg/255px-Claude_Monet_023.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Claude_Monet_023.jpg/340px-Claude_Monet_023.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> 《撑伞的女人》（Femme avec un parasol，1886），<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E6%B4%9B%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E8%8E%AB%E5%A5%88?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="克洛德·莫奈">克洛德·莫奈</a>绘。他是<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E8%B1%A1%E6%B4%BE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="印象派">印象派</a>艺术的先驱 </figcaption> </figure> <p><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%96%87%E8%89%BA%E5%A4%8D%E5%85%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="文艺复兴">文艺复兴</a>时期，法国美术受<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%BE%A9%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E8%97%9D%E8%A1%93?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="義大利藝術">意大利</a>与<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="弗拉芒美术" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Flemish painting"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E5%BC%97%E6%8B%89%E8%8A%92%E7%BE%8E%E6%9C%AF&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="弗拉芒美术（页面不存在）">弗拉芒</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flemish_painting" class="extiw" title="en:Flemish painting"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Flemish painting</span></a></span>）</span></span>影响较深。<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%AE%93%C2%B7%E5%AF%8C%E5%87%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="讓·富凱">让·富凯</a>是中世纪法国最为著名的画家，据说是法国美术家中旅意第一人，直接为意大利文化复兴的艺术气氛所熏陶。文艺复兴时期的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%9E%AB%E4%B8%B9%E7%99%BD%E9%9C%B2%E7%94%BB%E6%B4%BE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="枫丹白露画派">枫丹白露画派</a>受到意大利旅法画家（如<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E5%85%B0%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91%C2%B7%E6%99%AE%E5%88%97%E9%A9%AC%E6%8F%90%E4%B9%94?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="弗兰西斯科·普列马提乔">弗兰西斯科·普列马提乔</a>和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E7%B4%A2%C2%B7%E8%8F%B2%E5%A5%A5%E4%BC%A6%E8%92%82%E8%AF%BA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="罗索·菲奥伦蒂诺">罗索·菲奥伦蒂诺</a>）的直接启发。<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E6%B4%9B%E5%85%8B%E8%89%BA%E6%9C%AF?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="巴洛克艺术">巴洛克时代</a>最为著名的法国美术家<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E5%8F%A4%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E6%99%AE%E6%A1%91?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="尼古拉·普桑">尼古拉·普桑</a>和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E7%BD%97%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E6%B4%9B%E6%9E%97?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="克罗德·洛林">克洛德·洛兰</a>皆居住于意大利。</p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:LE_PENSEUR_-_Museo_Rodin-_PARIS.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/LE_PENSEUR_-_Museo_Rodin-_PARIS.jpg/170px-LE_PENSEUR_-_Museo_Rodin-_PARIS.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2136" data-file-height="2848"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 227px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/LE_PENSEUR_-_Museo_Rodin-_PARIS.jpg/170px-LE_PENSEUR_-_Museo_Rodin-_PARIS.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="227" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/LE_PENSEUR_-_Museo_Rodin-_PARIS.jpg/255px-LE_PENSEUR_-_Museo_Rodin-_PARIS.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/LE_PENSEUR_-_Museo_Rodin-_PARIS.jpg/340px-LE_PENSEUR_-_Museo_Rodin-_PARIS.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E5%8F%A4%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E7%BD%97%E4%B8%B9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="奥古斯特·罗丹">奥古斯特·罗丹</a>的著名雕塑《<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B2%89%E6%80%9D%E8%80%85?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="沉思者">思想者</a>》（1902），于巴黎<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E4%B8%B9%E7%BE%8E%E8%A1%93%E9%A4%A8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="羅丹美術館">罗丹美术馆</a> </figcaption> </figure> <p>17世纪是法国绘画初具名声的时期，以古典主义独树一帜。1648年<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%B7%AF%E6%98%93%E5%8D%81%E5%9B%9B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="路易十四">路易十四</a>的首相<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%AE%A9-%E5%B7%B4%E6%99%AE%E8%92%82%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E6%9F%AF%E5%B0%94%E8%B4%9D%E5%B0%94?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="让-巴普蒂斯特·柯尔贝尔">让-巴普蒂斯特·柯尔贝尔</a>创立<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="王家绘画与雕塑学院" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Académie royale de peinture et de sculpture"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E7%8E%8B%E5%AE%B6%E7%BB%98%E7%94%BB%E4%B8%8E%E9%9B%95%E5%A1%91%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="王家绘画与雕塑学院（页面不存在）">王家绘画与雕塑学院</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acad%25C3%25A9mie_royale_de_peinture_et_de_sculpture" class="extiw" title="en:Académie royale de peinture et de sculpture"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Académie royale de peinture et de sculpture</span></a></span>）</span></span>，以保护法国的美术家。1666年他创立<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="罗马法兰西学院" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="French Academy in Rome"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E8%A5%BF%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="罗马法兰西学院（页面不存在）">罗马法兰西学院</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Academy_in_Rome" class="extiw" title="en:French Academy in Rome"><span lang="en" dir="auto">French Academy in Rome</span></a></span>）</span></span>，以与意大利美术家建立直接联系。</p> <p>18世纪<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B4%9B%E5%8F%AF%E5%8F%AF?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="洛可可">洛可可风格</a>起源于法国，是一种具有旧巴洛克风格特点的新艺术。洛可可派的艺术家受法国宫廷支持，他们的代表人物有<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%AE%A9-%E5%AE%89%E4%B8%9C%E5%B0%BC%C2%B7%E5%8D%8E%E6%89%98?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="让-安东尼·华托">让-安托万·华托</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E6%9C%97%E7%B4%A2%E7%93%A6%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E6%AD%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="弗朗索瓦·布歇">弗朗索瓦·布歇</a>以及<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%AE%A9-%E5%A5%A5%E8%AF%BA%E9%9B%B7%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E6%8B%89%E6%88%88%E7%BA%B3%E5%B0%94?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="让-奥诺雷·弗拉戈纳尔">让-奥诺雷·弗拉戈纳尔</a>。<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法国大革命">法国大革命</a>改变了法国艺术，<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%8F%A4%E5%85%B8%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="新古典主义">新古典主义</a>艺术（代表人物<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%9B%85%E5%85%8B-%E8%B7%AF%E6%98%93%C2%B7%E5%A4%A7%E5%8D%AB?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="雅克-路易·大卫">雅克-路易·大卫</a>）和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E8%A5%BF%E8%89%BA%E6%9C%AF%E9%99%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法兰西艺术院">法兰西艺术院</a>的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2%E8%89%BA%E6%9C%AF?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="学院艺术">学院艺术</a>受到拿破仑欣赏。此时代法国成为美术创作的中心之一，19世纪上半叶，法国美术界掀起两大运动：一是<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%A5%A7%E5%A4%9A%C2%B7%E5%82%91%E5%88%A9%E6%9F%AF?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="西奧多·傑利柯">泰奥多尔·热里科</a>和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E4%BB%81%C2%B7%E5%BE%B7%E6%8B%89%E5%85%8B%E7%BD%97%E7%93%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="欧仁·德拉克罗瓦">欧仁·德拉克罗瓦</a>的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B5%AA%E6%BC%AB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="浪漫主义">浪漫主义</a>运动；二是<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%AE%93-%E5%B7%B4%E8%92%82%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%8D%A1%E7%B1%B3%E8%80%B6%C2%B7%E6%9F%AF%E6%B4%9B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="讓-巴蒂斯·卡米耶·柯洛">卡米耶·柯罗</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%B1%85%E6%96%AF%E5%A1%94%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E5%BA%93%E5%B0%94%E8%B4%9D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="居斯塔夫·库尔贝">居斯塔夫·库尔贝</a>和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%AE%93-%E5%BC%97%E6%9C%97%E7%B4%A2%E7%93%A6%C2%B7%E7%B1%B3%E5%8B%92?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="讓-弗朗索瓦·米勒">讓-弗朗索瓦·米勒</a>的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%8E%B0%E5%AE%9E%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="现实主义">现实主义</a>运动（最终发展为自然主义）。</p> <p>19世纪下半叶，法国绘画的影响力进一步扩大，出现<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E8%B1%A1%E6%B4%BE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="印象派">印象派</a>与<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%B1%A1%E5%BE%81%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="象征主义">象征主义</a>风格。该时期著名的印象派大师有<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E7%B1%B3%E8%80%B6%C2%B7%E7%95%A2%E6%B2%99%E7%BE%85?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="卡米耶·畢沙羅">卡米耶·毕沙罗</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%88%B1%E5%BE%B7%E5%8D%8E%C2%B7%E9%A9%AC%E5%A5%88?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="爱德华·马奈">爱德华·马奈</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E5%BE%B7%E5%8A%A0%C2%B7%E5%BE%B7%E5%8A%A0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="埃德加·德加">埃德加·德加</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E6%B4%9B%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E8%8E%AB%E5%A5%88?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="克洛德·莫奈">克洛德·莫奈</a>和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%9A%AE%E8%80%B6-%E5%A5%A7%E5%8F%A4%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E9%9B%B7%E8%AB%BE%E7%93%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="皮耶-奧古斯特·雷諾瓦">皮埃尔-奥古斯特·雷诺阿</a><sup id="cite_ref-321" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-321"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>302<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。一些第二代印象派画家，如<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E7%BD%97%C2%B7%E5%A1%9E%E5%B0%9A?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="保罗·塞尚">保罗·塞尚</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E7%BD%97%C2%B7%E9%AB%98%E6%9B%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="保罗·高更">保罗·高更</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%A8%E5%88%A9%C2%B7%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%9C%9F%E9%AD%AF%E6%96%AF-%E7%BE%85%E7%89%B9%E5%88%97%E5%85%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="亨利·德·土魯斯-羅特列克">亨利·德图卢兹-洛特雷克</a>和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%96%AC%E6%B2%BB%C2%B7%E7%A7%80%E6%8B%89?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="喬治·秀拉">乔治·修拉</a>，以及<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%87%8E%E5%85%BD%E6%B4%BE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="野兽派">野兽派</a>画家<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%A8%E5%88%A9%C2%B7%E9%A9%AC%E8%92%82%E6%96%AF?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="亨利·马蒂斯">亨利·马蒂斯</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%BE%B7%E7%83%88%C2%B7%E5%BE%B7%E5%85%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="安德烈·德兰">安德烈·德兰</a>和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%8E%AB%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E6%8B%89%E8%8A%92%E5%85%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="莫里斯·德·弗拉芒克">莫里斯·德弗拉曼克</a><sup id="cite_ref-322" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-322"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>303<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-323" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-323"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>304<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，都站在当时美术发展的最前沿<sup id="cite_ref-324" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-324"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>305<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</p> <p>20世纪，<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%96%AC%E6%B2%BB%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E6%8B%89%E5%85%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="喬治·布拉克">乔治·布拉克</a>和定居巴黎的西班牙画家<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%8B%83%E7%BD%97%C2%B7%E6%AF%95%E5%8A%A0%E7%B4%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="巴勃罗·毕加索">巴勃罗·毕加索</a>开创<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E4%BD%93%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="立体主义">立体主义</a>。当时许多外国画家同样在巴黎（包括近郊）定居和作画，例如<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%A2%B5%E9%AB%98?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="梵高">梵高</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E5%A4%8F%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%94?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="马克·夏卡尔">夏卡尔</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%A2%85%E4%BB%A3%E5%A5%A5%C2%B7%E8%8E%AB%E8%BF%AA%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E5%B0%BC?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="阿梅代奥·莫迪利亚尼">莫迪利亚尼</a>和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%93%A6%E8%A5%BF%E9%87%8C%C2%B7%E5%BA%B7%E5%AE%9A%E6%96%AF%E5%9F%BA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="瓦西里·康定斯基">康定斯基</a>。</p> <p>在法国博物馆中，雕塑和绘画是主要藏品，一些博物馆只收集雕塑和绘画作品。国有的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%A2%E6%B5%AE%E5%AE%AB?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="卢浮宫">卢浮宫博物馆</a>收藏了大量18世纪前的艺术杰作，例如<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%BE%BE%E8%8A%AC%E5%A5%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="达芬奇">达芬奇</a>的名作《<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%A8%9C%C2%B7%E4%B8%BD%E8%8E%8E?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="蒙娜·丽莎">蒙娜·丽莎</a>》。1986年于旧火车站<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="奥尔赛站" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Gare d'Orsay"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E5%A5%A5%E5%B0%94%E8%B5%9B%E7%AB%99&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="奥尔赛站（页面不存在）">奥尔赛站</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gare_d%2527Orsay" class="extiw" title="en:Gare d'Orsay"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Gare d'Orsay</span></a></span>）</span></span>落成的奥尔赛博物馆收藏有来自19世纪下半叶的艺术作品（主要是印象派和野兽派画作）<sup id="cite_ref-325" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-325"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>306<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-326" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-326"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>307<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。现代艺术作品则多收藏于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%93%AC%E7%9A%AE%E6%9D%9C%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="蓬皮杜中心">蓬皮杜中心</a>的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%8B%E7%AB%8B%E7%8F%BE%E4%BB%A3%E8%97%9D%E8%A1%93%E7%BE%8E%E8%A1%93%E9%A4%A8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="法國國立現代藝術美術館">法国国立现代艺术美术馆</a>。此三家国有博物馆平均每年招待近1700万人<sup id="cite_ref-sites_327-0" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-sites-327"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>308<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E9%BB%8E%E5%A4%A7%E7%9A%87%E5%AE%AB?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="巴黎大皇宫">巴黎大皇宫美术馆</a>也是国有博物馆，于2008年共招待有130万人。市立博物馆中，游览人数最多的是<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E9%BB%8E%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E8%89%BA%E6%9C%AF%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E9%A6%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="巴黎现代艺术博物馆">巴黎现代艺术博物馆</a>，主要收藏当代作品，2008年招待有80万人<sup id="cite_ref-sites_327-1" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-sites-327"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>308<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。在巴黎之外，全部大城市都拥有一座收藏法国及欧洲画作的美术博物馆。这其中最为著名的有<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%87%8C%E6%98%82%E7%BE%8E%E6%9C%AF%E9%A6%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="里昂美术馆">里昂美术馆</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%87%8C%E7%88%BE%E7%BE%8E%E8%A1%93%E5%AE%AE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="里爾美術宮">里尔美术宫</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%AD%AF%E6%98%82%E7%BE%8E%E8%A1%93%E9%A4%A8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="魯昂美術館">鲁昂美术馆</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E6%88%8E%E7%BE%8E%E8%A1%93%E9%A4%A8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="第戎美術館">第戎美术馆</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%9B%B7%E6%81%A9%E7%BE%8E%E8%A1%93%E9%A4%A8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="雷恩美術館">雷恩美术馆</a>和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%8B%92%E8%AB%BE%E5%B8%83%E7%88%BE%E7%BE%8E%E8%A1%93%E9%A4%A8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="格勒諾布爾美術館">格勒诺布尔美术馆</a>。</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="建筑"><span id=".E5.BB.BA.E7.AD.91"></span>建筑</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&section=37&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="编辑章节：建筑" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>编辑</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Tour_eiffel_at_sunrise_from_the_trocadero.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Tour_eiffel_at_sunrise_from_the_trocadero.jpg/170px-Tour_eiffel_at_sunrise_from_the_trocadero.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2336" data-file-height="3504"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 255px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Tour_eiffel_at_sunrise_from_the_trocadero.jpg/170px-Tour_eiffel_at_sunrise_from_the_trocadero.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="255" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Tour_eiffel_at_sunrise_from_the_trocadero.jpg/255px-Tour_eiffel_at_sunrise_from_the_trocadero.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Tour_eiffel_at_sunrise_from_the_trocadero.jpg/340px-Tour_eiffel_at_sunrise_from_the_trocadero.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> 19世纪建成的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E8%8F%B2%E5%B0%94%E9%93%81%E5%A1%94?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="埃菲尔铁塔">埃菲尔铁塔</a>是<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E9%BB%8E?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="巴黎">巴黎</a>乃至法国的著名文化象征，亦为世界上游览人数最多的付费名胜<sup id="cite_ref-328" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-328"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>309<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </figcaption> </figure> <p><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="中世纪">中世纪</a>时，封建贵族建有众多<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%9F%8E%E5%A0%A1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="城堡">城堡</a>，以彰显其权力。其中一些城堡得以留存至今，如<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E5%86%9C%E5%9F%8E%E5%A0%A1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="希农城堡">希农城堡</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%98%82%E7%83%AD%E5%9F%8E%E5%A0%A1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="昂热城堡">昂热城堡</a>和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%96%87%E6%A3%AE%E5%9F%8E%E5%A0%A1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="文森城堡">文森城堡</a>等。此时期，法国建筑同西欧大部分地区一样，<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E6%9B%BC%E5%BC%8F%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="罗曼式建筑">罗曼式风格</a>盛行，例如<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%9B%BE%E5%8D%A2%E5%85%B9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="图卢兹">图卢兹</a>的欧洲最大罗曼式教堂——<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E5%A1%9E%E5%AE%81%E5%9C%A3%E6%AE%BF?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="圣塞宁圣殿">圣塞宁圣殿</a><sup id="cite_ref-329" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-329"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>310<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，以及<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8B%83%E8%89%AE%E7%AC%AC?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="勃艮第">勃艮第</a>的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E5%91%82%E5%B0%BC%E4%BF%AE%E9%81%93%E9%99%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="克呂尼修道院">克呂尼修道院</a>遗址。<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%93%A5%E7%89%B9%E5%BC%8F%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="哥特式建筑">哥特式建筑风格</a>起源于12世纪的法国<sup id="cite_ref-330" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-330"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>311<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，风靡欧洲数百年<sup id="cite_ref-331" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-331"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>312<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。北法兰西拥有众多哥特式教堂，如葬有许多法国君主的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E4%BD%86%E5%B0%BC%E5%9C%A3%E6%AE%BF?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="圣但尼圣殿">圣但尼圣殿</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B2%99%E7%89%B9%E5%B0%94%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E5%BA%A7%E5%A0%82?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="沙特尔主教座堂">沙特尔主教座堂</a>和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E7%9C%A0%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E5%BA%A7%E5%A0%82?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="亚眠主教座堂">亚眠主教座堂</a>。此外，<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%85%B0%E6%96%AF%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E5%BA%A7%E5%A0%82?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="兰斯主教座堂">兰斯主教座堂</a>是众多法国国王的加冕地<sup id="cite_ref-332" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-332"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>313<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>；<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%95%99%E7%9A%87%E5%AE%AB?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="教皇宫">教皇宫</a>是14世纪天主教<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%95%99%E5%BB%B7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="教廷">教廷</a>的所在地。<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%96%87%E8%89%BA%E5%A4%8D%E5%85%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="文艺复兴">文艺复兴</a>兴起后，一些意大利艺术家受邀至法国宫廷。<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%A2%E7%93%A6%E5%B0%94%E6%B2%B3%E6%B5%81%E5%9F%9F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="卢瓦尔河流域">卢瓦尔河流域</a>建起许多<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%BC%8F%E5%9F%8E%E5%A0%A1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法式城堡">法式城堡</a>，如<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B3%A2%E5%B0%94%E5%9F%8E%E5%A0%A1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="香波尔城堡">香波尔城堡</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%88%8D%E5%86%9C%E7%B4%A2%E5%9F%8E%E5%A0%A1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="舍农索城堡">舍农索城堡</a>和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%98%82%E5%B8%83%E7%93%A6%E6%96%AF%E5%9F%8E%E5%A0%A1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="昂布瓦斯城堡">昂布瓦斯城堡</a>。</p> <p>中世纪末期，<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E6%B4%9B%E5%85%8B%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="巴洛克建筑">巴洛克建筑</a>兴起，其在世俗领域要比在宗教领域成功<sup id="cite_ref-333" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-333"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>314<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%87%A1%E5%B0%94%E8%B5%9B%E5%AE%AB?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="凡尔赛宫">凡尔赛宫</a>拥有许多巴洛克风格的特点，设计者<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%9C%B1%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E6%9D%9C%E5%AE%89-%E8%8A%92%E8%90%A8%E5%B0%94?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="朱尔·阿杜安-芒萨尔">朱尔·阿杜安-芒萨尔</a>是巴洛克时代最为著名的法国建筑师之一，他还参与<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%8D%A3%E5%86%9B%E9%99%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="荣军院">荣军院</a>圆顶的设计<sup id="cite_ref-334" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-334"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>315<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。而一些当时尚不属于法国的地区存在一些令人印象深刻的巴洛克建筑，如<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E9%94%A1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="南锡">南锡</a>的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF%E5%B9%BF%E5%9C%BA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="斯坦尼斯拉斯广场">斯坦尼斯拉斯广场</a>。<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%B4%E6%96%AF%E8%92%82%E5%AE%89%C2%B7%E5%8B%92%E6%99%AE%E9%9B%B7%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E9%9B%B7%C2%B7%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E6%B2%83%E9%82%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="塞巴斯蒂安·勒普雷斯特雷·德·沃邦">塞巴斯蒂安·勒普雷斯特雷·德沃邦</a>设计许多防守坚固的要塞，成为一名影响力巨大的军事建筑家。他所设计的要塞和堡垒的布局（如<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%8F%B1%E5%A0%A1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="菱堡">菱堡</a>设计）为后人沿用，在西欧、美国、俄国和土耳其都能找到他的设计的影子<sup id="cite_ref-335" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-335"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>316<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-336" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-336"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>317<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</p> <p>大革命结束后，第一共和以及之后的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E8%A5%BF%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法兰西第一帝国">第一帝国</a>时期，当权者偏好<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%8F%A4%E5%85%B8%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="新古典主义">新古典主义</a>。在大革命爆发前，法国的新古典主义建筑有<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%85%88%E8%B4%A4%E7%A5%A0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="先贤祠">先贤祠</a>和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%9B%BE%E5%8D%A2%E5%85%B9%E5%B8%82%E6%94%BF%E5%8E%85?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="图卢兹市政厅">图卢兹市政厅</a>。第一帝国时期，又建造<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E9%BB%8E%E5%87%AF%E6%97%8B%E9%97%A8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="巴黎凯旋门">巴黎凯旋门</a>和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%BE%B7%E8%8E%B1%E5%A8%9C%E6%95%99%E5%A0%82?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="马德莱娜教堂">马德莱娜教堂</a>。此类风格建筑，称为<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%B8%9D%E6%94%BF%E9%A3%8E%E6%A0%BC?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="帝政风格">帝政风格</a><sup id="cite_ref-337" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-337"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>318<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E8%A5%BF%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="法兰西第二帝国">第二帝国</a>时期，又兴起新的奢华建筑风格，如新巴洛克风格建筑<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E9%BB%8E%E6%AD%8C%E5%8A%87%E9%99%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="巴黎歌劇院">巴黎歌剧院</a>。新的都市生活要求严谨而齐整的城市规划，因而兴起<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E9%BB%8E%E6%94%B9%E9%80%A0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="巴黎改造">巴黎改造</a>。此外，哥特式风格于此时期出现复兴，代表建筑师为<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E4%BB%81%C2%B7%E7%B6%AD%E5%A5%A7%E8%90%8A-%E5%8B%92-%E6%9D%9C%E5%85%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="歐仁·維奧萊-勒-杜克">欧仁·维奥莱-勒-杜克</a>。19世纪晚期，<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%B1%85%E6%96%AF%E5%A1%94%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E5%9F%83%E8%8F%B2%E5%B0%94?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="居斯塔夫·埃菲尔">居斯塔夫·埃菲尔</a>设计建造许多桥梁，成为当时世界最具影响力的桥梁设计师之一，例如<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%89%BE%E8%8F%B2%E5%B0%94%E6%A1%A5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="艾菲尔桥">埃菲尔桥</a>和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%89%E6%AF%94%E9%AB%98%E6%9E%B6%E6%A1%A5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="加拉比高架桥">加拉比高架桥</a>。他的另一个代表作是闻名于后世的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E8%8F%B2%E5%B0%94%E9%93%81%E5%A1%94?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="埃菲尔铁塔">埃菲尔铁塔</a>，为世界建筑史上的技术杰作。</p> <p>20世纪著名的法国建筑师有<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8B%92%C2%B7%E6%9F%AF%E5%B8%83%E8%A5%BF%E8%80%B6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="勒·柯布西耶">勒·柯布西耶</a>，为<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8A%9F%E8%83%BD%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E5%BB%BA%E7%AF%89?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="功能主義建築">功能主义建筑</a>的泰斗。近年来，法国建筑的设计多为古代风格与现代风格的糅合，卢浮宫前新建的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%A2%E6%B5%AE%E5%AE%AB%E9%87%91%E5%AD%97%E5%A1%94?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="卢浮宫金字塔">金字塔</a>即是这个融合的典范。<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E5%A4%A9%E5%A4%A7%E6%A5%BC?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="摩天大楼">摩天大楼</a>和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%A1%A5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="大桥">大桥</a>是现代建筑的代表，但因它们对于城市的整体布局和美感的破坏，因而被政府限制。1977年起，巴黎核心区域新建的建筑不得高于37米（121英尺）<sup id="cite_ref-338" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-338"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>319<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。巴黎的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E5%BE%B7%E8%8A%B3%E6%96%AF?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="拉德芳斯">拉德芳斯</a>是欧洲最大的商务区域，兴建有大量摩天大楼<sup id="cite_ref-339" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-339"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>320<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>；著名的大桥有<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%B1%B3%E7%B4%84%E9%AB%98%E6%9E%B6%E6%A9%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="米約高架橋">米約高架橋</a>，是<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E6%9C%80%E9%AB%98%E6%A1%A5%E6%A2%81%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8_(%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84%E9%AB%98%E5%BA%A6)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="世界最高桥梁列表 (结构高度)">全世界结构高度最高的桥梁</a>。当代著名的法国建筑师有<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%AE%A9%C2%B7%E5%8A%AA%E7%BB%B4%E5%B0%94?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="让·努维尔">让·努维尔</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E7%B1%B3%E5%B0%BC%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E4%BD%A9%E7%BD%97?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="多米尼克·佩罗">多米尼克·佩罗</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E8%92%82%E5%AE%89%C2%B7%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E6%B3%A2%E5%AE%97%E5%B7%B4%E5%85%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="克里斯蒂安·德·波宗巴克">克里斯蒂安·德波尔藏帕克</a>和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E7%BD%97%C2%B7%E5%AE%89%E5%BE%B7%E9%B2%81?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="保罗·安德鲁">保罗·安德鲁</a>等，其中克里斯蒂安·德波爾藏帕克和讓·努埃爾曾分別於1994年<sup id="cite_ref-340" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-340"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>321<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>和2008年<sup id="cite_ref-341" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-341"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>322<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>獲得建築界的最高榮譽<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E5%88%A9%E5%85%B9%E5%85%8B%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91%E5%A5%96?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="普利兹克建筑奖">普利兹克建筑奖</a>。</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="文学"><span id=".E6.96.87.E5.AD.A6"></span>文学</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&section=38&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="编辑章节：文学" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>编辑</span> </a> </span> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> 主条目：<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%AF%AD%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法语文学">法国文学</a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Pierre_Mignard_-_Portrait_de_Jean-Baptiste_Poquelin_dit_Moli%C3%A8re_(1622-1673)_-_Google_Art_Project_(cropped).jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Pierre_Mignard_-_Portrait_de_Jean-Baptiste_Poquelin_dit_Moli%C3%A8re_%281622-1673%29_-_Google_Art_Project_%28cropped%29.jpg/170px-Pierre_Mignard_-_Portrait_de_Jean-Baptiste_Poquelin_dit_Moli%C3%A8re_%281622-1673%29_-_Google_Art_Project_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="193" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3716" data-file-height="4214"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 193px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Pierre_Mignard_-_Portrait_de_Jean-Baptiste_Poquelin_dit_Moli%C3%A8re_%281622-1673%29_-_Google_Art_Project_%28cropped%29.jpg/170px-Pierre_Mignard_-_Portrait_de_Jean-Baptiste_Poquelin_dit_Moli%C3%A8re_%281622-1673%29_-_Google_Art_Project_%28cropped%29.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="193" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Pierre_Mignard_-_Portrait_de_Jean-Baptiste_Poquelin_dit_Moli%C3%A8re_%281622-1673%29_-_Google_Art_Project_%28cropped%29.jpg/255px-Pierre_Mignard_-_Portrait_de_Jean-Baptiste_Poquelin_dit_Moli%C3%A8re_%281622-1673%29_-_Google_Art_Project_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Pierre_Mignard_-_Portrait_de_Jean-Baptiste_Poquelin_dit_Moli%C3%A8re_%281622-1673%29_-_Google_Art_Project_%28cropped%29.jpg/340px-Pierre_Mignard_-_Portrait_de_Jean-Baptiste_Poquelin_dit_Moli%C3%A8re_%281622-1673%29_-_Google_Art_Project_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%8E%AB%E9%87%8C%E5%93%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="莫里哀">莫里哀</a>，17世紀法国喜剧大师 </figcaption> </figure> <p>最早的法国文学可以追溯到<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="中世纪">中世纪</a>时代，当时法国的语言还未统一，众多早期文学作品使用不同的语言；法语文学的语法和拼写亦未统一。当时的代表文学家有<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E9%9B%B7%E8%92%82%E5%AE%89%C2%B7%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E7%89%B9%E9%B2%81%E7%93%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="克雷蒂安·德·特鲁瓦">克雷蒂安·德特鲁亚</a>和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%E4%B9%9D%E4%B8%96_(%E4%BA%9E%E5%A5%8E%E4%B8%B9%E5%85%AC%E7%88%B5)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="威廉九世 (亞奎丹公爵)">阿基坦公爵威廉九世</a>（使用<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="奥克语">奥克语</a>）。一些早期作品的作者未知，如《<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E4%B8%8E%E4%BC%8A%E7%B4%A2%E5%B0%94%E5%BE%B7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="特里斯坦与伊索尔德">特里斯坦与伊索尔德</a>》和《<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="兰斯洛特圣杯" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Lancelot-Grail"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%B0%E6%96%AF%E6%B4%9B%E7%89%B9%E5%9C%A3%E6%9D%AF&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="兰斯洛特圣杯（页面不存在）">兰斯洛特圣杯</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lancelot-Grail" class="extiw" title="en:Lancelot-Grail"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Lancelot-Grail</span></a></span>）</span></span>》。<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="法兰西史诗" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Matter of France"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E8%A5%BF%E5%8F%B2%E8%AF%97&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="法兰西史诗（页面不存在）">法兰西史诗</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matter_of_France" class="extiw" title="en:Matter of France"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Matter of France</span></a></span>）</span></span>及<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%AD%A6%E5%8A%9F%E6%AD%8C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="武功歌">武功歌</a>是法国中世纪的一种文学形式，代表作品为《<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E5%85%B0%E4%B9%8B%E6%AD%8C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="罗兰之歌">罗兰之歌</a>》。1175年佩鲁·德圣克洛德所作的《列那狐故事》则讲述一只虚构的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%88%97%E9%82%A3%E7%8B%90%E5%82%B3%E8%AA%AA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="列那狐傳說">列那狐傳說</a>的故事，亦为早期法国文学的范例作品。</p> <p>16世纪法国文学的代表人物有<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E6%9C%97%E7%B4%A2%E7%93%A6%C2%B7%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E9%9B%B7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="弗朗索瓦·拉伯雷">拉伯雷</a>和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%B1%B3%E6%AD%87%E7%88%BE%C2%B7%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E8%92%99%E7%94%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="米歇爾·德·蒙田">蒙田</a>，二人的代表作分别为《<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%B7%A8%E4%BA%BA%E4%BC%A0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="巨人传">巨人传</a>》和《<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%9A%A8%E7%AD%86%E9%9B%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="隨筆集">随笔集</a>》，至今闻名于世。其中，蒙田的《随笔集》开创随笔文体的先河<sup id="cite_ref-342" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-342"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>323<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。诗歌界出现<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%B8%83%E6%98%9F%E8%A9%A9%E7%A4%BE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="七星詩社">七星诗社</a>运动，著名人物有<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E5%9F%83%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%BE%B7%E9%BE%99%E6%B2%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="比埃尔·德龙沙">龙萨</a>和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E9%98%BF%E5%B8%8C%E5%A7%86%C2%B7%E6%9D%9C%C2%B7%E8%B4%9D%E8%8E%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="约阿希姆·杜·贝莱">杜贝莱</a>。17世纪，<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E6%96%90%E7%89%B9%E5%A4%AB%E4%BA%BA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="拉斐特夫人">拉斐特夫人</a>所作的《<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E8%8E%B1%E8%8A%99%E7%8E%8B%E5%A6%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="克莱芙王妃">克莱芙王妃</a>》开创<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="心理小说" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="psychological novel"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E5%B0%8F%E8%AF%B4&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="心理小说（页面不存在）">心理小说</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/psychological_novel" class="extiw" title="en:psychological novel"><span lang="en" dir="auto">psychological novel</span></a></span>）</span></span>先河<sup id="cite_ref-343" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-343"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>324<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>；<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%AE%A9%C2%B7%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E6%8B%89%E5%B0%81%E4%B8%B9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="让·德·拉封丹">拉封丹</a>写下数百篇<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%AF%93%E8%A8%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="寓言">寓言</a>（其中包括著名的《<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="蚂蚁和蚱蜢" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="The Ant and the Grasshopper"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E8%9A%82%E8%9A%81%E5%92%8C%E8%9A%B1%E8%9C%A2&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="蚂蚁和蚱蜢（页面不存在）">蚂蚁和蚱蜢</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Ant_and_the_Grasshopper" class="extiw" title="en:The Ant and the Grasshopper"><span lang="en" dir="auto">The Ant and the Grasshopper</span></a></span>）</span></span>》），为当时最为著名的寓言家，他创作的寓言故事则成为如今法国儿童的必读书。戏剧方面，<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%AE%A9%C2%B7%E6%8B%89%E8%BE%9B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="让·拉辛">让·拉辛</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%9A%AE%E5%9F%83%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E9%AB%98%E4%B9%83%E4%BE%9D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="皮埃尔·高乃依">高乃依</a>和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%8E%AB%E9%87%8C%E5%93%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="莫里哀">莫里哀</a>被看作法国17世纪最伟大的三位剧作家。让·拉辛对于语言以及<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="亚历山大体" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="alexandrine"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%9A%E5%8E%86%E5%B1%B1%E5%A4%A7%E4%BD%93&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="亚历山大体（页面不存在）">亚历山大体</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/alexandrine" class="extiw" title="en:alexandrine"><span lang="en" dir="auto">alexandrine</span></a></span>）</span></span>的运用使他颇具盛名，其代表作有《<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="布里塔尼居斯 (戏剧)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Britannicus (play)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E5%B8%83%E9%87%8C%E5%A1%94%E5%B0%BC%E5%B1%85%E6%96%AF_(%E6%88%8F%E5%89%A7)&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="布里塔尼居斯 (戏剧)（页面不存在）">布里塔尼居斯</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Britannicus_(play)" class="extiw" title="en:Britannicus (play)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Britannicus (play)</span></a></span>）</span></span>》和《<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="费德尔 (戏剧)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Phèdre"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E8%B4%B9%E5%BE%B7%E5%B0%94_(%E6%88%8F%E5%89%A7)&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="费德尔 (戏剧)（页面不存在）">费德尔</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ph%25C3%25A8dre" class="extiw" title="en:Phèdre"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Phèdre</span></a></span>）</span></span>》；高乃依的代表作《<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="熙德 (戏剧)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Le Cid"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E7%86%99%E5%BE%B7_(%E6%88%8F%E5%89%A7)&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="熙德 (戏剧)（页面不存在）">熙德</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_Cid" class="extiw" title="en:Le Cid"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Le Cid</span></a></span>）</span></span>》一度震动宫廷；莫里哀则被看作是西方文学中最伟大的喜剧大师之一<sup id="cite_ref-344" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-344"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>325<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，主要作品有《<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="愤世者" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="The Misanthrope"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%84%A4%E4%B8%96%E8%80%85&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="愤世者（页面不存在）">愤世者</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Misanthrope" class="extiw" title="en:The Misanthrope"><span lang="en" dir="auto">The Misanthrope</span></a></span>）</span></span>》《<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%90%9D%E5%95%AC%E9%AC%BC?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="吝啬鬼">吝啬鬼</a>》《<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="无病呻吟" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="The Imaginary Invalid"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A0%E7%97%85%E5%91%BB%E5%90%9F&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="无病呻吟（页面不存在）">无病呻吟</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Imaginary_Invalid" class="extiw" title="en:The Imaginary Invalid"><span lang="en" dir="auto">The Imaginary Invalid</span></a></span>）</span></span>》《<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%81%BD%E5%90%9B%E5%AD%90_(%E5%96%9C%E5%8A%87)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="偽君子 (喜劇)">伪君子</a>》《<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="贵人迷" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Le Bourgeois gentilhomme"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E8%B4%B5%E4%BA%BA%E8%BF%B7&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="贵人迷（页面不存在）">贵人迷</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_Bourgeois_gentilhomme" class="extiw" title="en:Le Bourgeois gentilhomme"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Le Bourgeois gentilhomme</span></a></span>）</span></span>》等。莫里哀对于世界文化的影响深远，法语亦因此被称作“莫里哀的语言”<sup id="cite_ref-345" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-345"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>326<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</p> <p>18世纪欧洲<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%90%AF%E8%92%99%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="启蒙主义">启蒙主义</a>兴起，<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%AD%9F%E5%BE%B7%E6%96%AF%E9%B8%A0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="孟德斯鸠">孟德斯鸠</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BC%8F%E5%B0%94%E6%B3%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="伏尔泰">伏尔泰</a>和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%A2%E6%A2%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="卢梭">卢梭</a>是三位重要的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%90%AF%E8%92%99%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="启蒙主义">启蒙主义</a>作家，哲学成就巨大（参见哲学一段）。<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%B0%BC%C2%B7%E7%8B%84%E5%BE%B7%E7%BD%97?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="德尼·狄德罗">狄德罗</a>是《<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E4%B9%A6%EF%BC%8C%E6%88%96%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E3%80%81%E8%89%BA%E6%9C%AF%E5%92%8C%E5%B7%A5%E8%89%BA%E8%AF%A6%E8%A7%A3%E8%AF%8D%E5%85%B8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="百科全书，或科学、艺术和工艺详解词典">百科全书</a>》的作者，为<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E4%B9%A6%E6%B4%BE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="百科全书派">百科全书派</a>的代表。《百科全书》以普及知识、反对<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%84%9A%E6%B0%91%E6%94%BF%E7%AD%96?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="愚民政策">愚民政策</a>为目的，介绍18世纪艺术、科学、语言和哲学的方方面面。狄德罗的代表作还有《<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="宿命论者雅克" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Jacques the Fatalist"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%BF%E5%91%BD%E8%AE%BA%E8%80%85%E9%9B%85%E5%85%8B&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="宿命论者雅克（页面不存在）">宿命论者雅克</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_the_Fatalist" class="extiw" title="en:Jacques the Fatalist"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Jacques the Fatalist</span></a></span>）</span></span>》《<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="拉摩的侄儿" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Rameau's Nephew"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%8B%89%E6%91%A9%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%84%E5%84%BF&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="拉摩的侄儿（页面不存在）">拉摩的侄儿</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rameau%2527s_Nephew" class="extiw" title="en:Rameau's Nephew"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Rameau's Nephew</span></a></span>）</span></span>》。<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%A4%8F%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E4%BD%A9%E7%BD%97?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="夏尔·佩罗">夏尔·佩罗</a>写有大量童话，代表作包括《<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%A9%BF%E9%9D%B4%E5%AD%90%E7%9A%84%E7%8C%AB?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="穿靴子的猫">穿靴子的猫</a>》《<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%81%B0%E5%A7%91%E5%A8%98?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="灰姑娘">灰姑娘</a>》《<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%9D%A1%E7%BE%8E%E4%BA%BA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="睡美人">睡美人</a>》和《<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%93%9D%E8%83%A1%E5%AD%90?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="蓝胡子">蓝胡子</a>》。19世纪初，文学界兴起<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%B1%A1%E5%BE%81%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="象征主义">象征主义</a>诗歌运动，代表人物有<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%A4%8F%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E6%B3%A2%E5%BE%B7%E8%8E%B1%E5%B0%94?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="夏尔·波德莱尔">夏尔·波德莱尔</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E7%BD%97%C2%B7%E9%AD%8F%E5%B0%94%E4%BC%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="保罗·魏尔伦">保罗·魏尔伦</a>和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E6%8B%89%E7%BE%8E?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="馬拉美">斯特凡·马拉梅</a><sup id="cite_ref-346" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-346"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>327<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Victor_Hugo_by_%C3%89tienne_Carjat_1876_-_full.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Victor_Hugo_by_%C3%89tienne_Carjat_1876_-_full.jpg/170px-Victor_Hugo_by_%C3%89tienne_Carjat_1876_-_full.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="209" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2140" data-file-height="2632"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 209px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Victor_Hugo_by_%C3%89tienne_Carjat_1876_-_full.jpg/170px-Victor_Hugo_by_%C3%89tienne_Carjat_1876_-_full.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="209" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Victor_Hugo_by_%C3%89tienne_Carjat_1876_-_full.jpg/255px-Victor_Hugo_by_%C3%89tienne_Carjat_1876_-_full.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Victor_Hugo_by_%C3%89tienne_Carjat_1876_-_full.jpg/340px-Victor_Hugo_by_%C3%89tienne_Carjat_1876_-_full.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%85%8B%E5%A4%9A%C2%B7%E9%9B%A8%E6%9E%9C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="维克多·雨果">维克多·雨果</a>堪称最著名的法国作家 </figcaption> </figure> <p><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%85%8B%E5%A4%9A%C2%B7%E9%9B%A8%E6%9E%9C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="维克多·雨果">维克多·雨果</a>是法国19世纪的卓越作家，成就巨大，是最著名的法國作家<sup id="cite_ref-victor_347-0" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-victor-347"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>328<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，他的剧作《<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="克伦威尔 (戏剧)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Cromwell (play)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%8B%E4%BC%A6%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%94_(%E6%88%8F%E5%89%A7)&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="克伦威尔 (戏剧)（页面不存在）">克伦威尔</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cromwell_(play)" class="extiw" title="en:Cromwell (play)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Cromwell (play)</span></a></span>）</span></span>》被视为<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B5%AA%E6%BC%AB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="浪漫主义">浪漫主义</a>运动的宣言；诗作《<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="历代传奇" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="La Légende des siècles"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E5%8E%86%E4%BB%A3%E4%BC%A0%E5%A5%87&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="历代传奇（页面不存在）">历代传奇</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_L%25C3%25A9gende_des_si%25C3%25A8cles" class="extiw" title="en:La Légende des siècles"><span lang="en" dir="auto">La Légende des siècles</span></a></span>）</span></span>》《<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="沉思集" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Les Contemplations"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%B2%89%E6%80%9D%E9%9B%86&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="沉思集（页面不存在）">沉思集</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les_Contemplations" class="extiw" title="en:Les Contemplations"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Les Contemplations</span></a></span>）</span></span>》被视为诗歌杰作<sup id="cite_ref-hugo_348-0" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-hugo-348"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>329<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，其诗句常常被后人同<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%8E%8E%E5%A3%AB%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9A?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="莎士比亚">莎士比亚</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BD%86%E4%B8%81?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="但丁">但丁</a>和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E9%A9%AC?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="荷马">荷马</a>的作品相比<sup id="cite_ref-hugo_348-1" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-hugo-348"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>329<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>；小说《<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%82%B2%E6%83%A8%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="悲惨世界">悲惨世界</a>》被看作世上最伟大的小说作品之一<sup id="cite_ref-349" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-349"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>330<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，另一篇代表作《<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E9%BB%8E%E8%81%96%E6%AF%8D%E9%99%A2_(%E5%B0%8F%E8%AA%AA)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="巴黎聖母院 (小說)">巴黎圣母院</a>》亦广为人知。19世纪其他著名的法国作家有<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E4%BB%B2%E9%A9%AC?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="大仲马">大仲马</a>，代表作品有《<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E4%B8%AA%E7%81%AB%E6%9E%AA%E6%89%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="三个火枪手">三个火枪手</a>》《<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E5%B1%B1%E4%BC%AF%E7%88%B5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="基督山伯爵">基督山伯爵</a>》；<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%84%92%E5%8B%92%C2%B7%E5%87%A1%E5%B0%94%E7%BA%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="儒勒·凡尔纳">儒勒·凡尔纳</a>，代表作《<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%BA%95%E4%B8%A4%E4%B8%87%E9%87%8C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="海底两万里">海底两万里</a>》；<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E7%B1%B3%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%B7%A6%E6%8B%89?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="埃米尔·左拉">埃米尔·左拉</a>，代表作《<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%9B%A7%E8%B2%A2-%E9%A6%AC%E5%8D%A1%E7%88%BE%E5%AE%B6%E6%97%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="盧貢-馬卡爾家族">盧貢-馬卡爾家族</a>》；<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E8%AF%BA%E9%9B%B7%C2%B7%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%94%E6%89%8E%E5%85%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="奥诺雷·德·巴尔扎克">巴尔扎克</a>，代表作《<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E9%97%B4%E5%96%9C%E5%89%A7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="人间喜剧">人间喜剧</a>》；<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%B1%85%E4%BC%8A%C2%B7%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E8%8E%AB%E6%B3%8A%E6%A1%91?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="居伊·德·莫泊桑">莫泊桑</a>，代表作《<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%BE%8A%E8%84%82%E7%90%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="羊脂球">羊脂球</a>》；<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%B0%E5%A5%A5%E8%8F%B2%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E6%88%88%E8%92%82%E8%80%B6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="泰奥菲尔·戈蒂耶">泰奥菲尔·戈蒂耶</a>，代表作《莫班小姐》；<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8F%B8%E6%B1%A4%E8%BE%BE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="司汤达">司汤达</a>，代表作《<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%B4%85%E8%88%87%E9%BB%91?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="紅與黑">红与黑</a>》《<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%B8%95%E5%B0%94%E9%A9%AC%E4%BF%AE%E9%81%93%E9%99%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="帕尔马修道院">帕尔马修道院</a>》；<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E6%96%AF%E5%A1%94%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E7%A6%8F%E6%A8%93%E6%8B%9C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="古斯塔夫·福樓拜">福樓拜</a>，代表作《<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8C%85%E6%B3%95%E5%88%A9%E5%A4%AB%E4%BA%BA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="包法利夫人">包法利夫人</a>》。</p> <p>20世纪法国的著名文学家有<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%A1%9E%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E6%99%AE%E9%B2%81%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="马塞尔·普鲁斯特">马塞尔·普鲁斯特</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%B7%AF%E6%98%93-%E8%B4%B9%E8%BF%AA%E5%8D%97%C2%B7%E5%A1%9E%E5%88%A9%E7%BA%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="路易-费迪南·塞利纳">路易-费迪南·塞利纳</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E8%B4%9D%C2%B7%E5%8A%A0%E7%BC%AA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="阿尔贝·加缪">阿尔贝·加缪</a>和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%AE%A9-%E4%BF%9D%E7%BD%97%C2%B7%E8%90%A8%E7%89%B9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="让-保罗·萨特">让-保罗·萨特</a>；<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E6%89%98%E4%B8%87%C2%B7%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%A3%E5%9F%83%E5%85%8B%E7%B5%AE%E4%BD%A9%E9%87%8C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="安托万·德圣埃克絮佩里">圣埃克絮佩里</a>所作的童话《<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E7%8E%8B%E5%AD%90?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="小王子">小王子</a>》大受欢迎<sup id="cite_ref-350" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-350"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>331<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。截至2014年<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">2014-Missing required parameter 1=<i>month</i>!</span>)</span><sup class="plainlinks noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3D%25E6%25B3%2595%25E5%259B%25BD%26action%3Dedit">[update]</a></sup>，法国文学家获得过15次<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%AF%BA%E8%B4%9D%E5%B0%94%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6%E5%A5%96?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="诺贝尔文学奖">诺贝尔文学奖</a>，为世界最多<sup id="cite_ref-Patrick_Modiano_351-0" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Patrick_Modiano-351"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>332<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。最近一位法国得主是<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%B8%95%E7%89%B9%E9%87%8C%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E8%8E%AB%E8%BF%AA%E4%BA%9A%E8%AF%BA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="帕特里克·莫迪亚诺">帕特里克·莫迪亚诺</a>，于2014年获奖<sup id="cite_ref-Patrick_Modiano_351-1" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Patrick_Modiano-351"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>332<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。让-保罗·萨特拒绝领奖，成为第一位拒绝领奖的诺贝尔奖得主。</p> <p><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%BE%9A%E5%8F%A4%E5%B0%94%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6%E5%A5%96?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="龚古尔文学奖">龚古尔文学奖</a>创办于1903年，是法国最重要的文学奖，每年11月颁奖<sup id="cite_ref-352" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-352"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>333<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="哲学"><span id=".E5.93.B2.E5.AD.A6"></span>哲学</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&section=39&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="编辑章节：哲学" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>编辑</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Frans_Hals_-_Portret_van_Ren%C3%A9_Descartes.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Frans_Hals_-_Portret_van_Ren%C3%A9_Descartes.jpg/170px-Frans_Hals_-_Portret_van_Ren%C3%A9_Descartes.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="208" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="817" data-file-height="1000"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 208px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Frans_Hals_-_Portret_van_Ren%C3%A9_Descartes.jpg/170px-Frans_Hals_-_Portret_van_Ren%C3%A9_Descartes.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="208" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Frans_Hals_-_Portret_van_Ren%C3%A9_Descartes.jpg/255px-Frans_Hals_-_Portret_van_Ren%C3%A9_Descartes.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Frans_Hals_-_Portret_van_Ren%C3%A9_Descartes.jpg/340px-Frans_Hals_-_Portret_van_Ren%C3%A9_Descartes.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8B%92%E5%86%85%C2%B7%E7%AC%9B%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%94?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="勒内·笛卡尔">勒内·笛卡尔</a>是<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%BF%91%E4%BB%A3%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="近代哲學">近代哲学</a>的奠基人之一 </figcaption> </figure> <p><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E6%96%87%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="人文主义">人文主义</a>的出现结束<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%BB%8F%E9%99%A2%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="经院哲学">经院哲学</a>在<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="中世纪">中世纪</a>哲学界的支配地位。17世纪，法国一批著名哲学家的哲学理论催生<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%BF%91%E4%BB%A3%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="近代哲學">近代哲学</a>，<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8B%92%E5%86%85%C2%B7%E7%AC%9B%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%94?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="勒内·笛卡尔">勒内·笛卡尔</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E8%8E%B1%E5%85%B9%C2%B7%E5%B8%95%E6%96%AF%E5%8D%A1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="布莱兹·帕斯卡">布莱兹·帕斯卡</a>和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E5%8F%A4%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E9%A9%AC%E5%8B%92%E4%BC%AF%E6%9C%97%E5%A3%AB?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="尼古拉·马勒伯朗士">尼古拉·马勒伯朗士</a>是他们的杰出代表。笛卡尔的研究使得古罗马和古希腊时代结束后便居于沉沦的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%B9%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="西方哲学">西方哲学</a>重焕生机<sup id="cite_ref-353" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-353"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>334<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，他的专著《<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8%E6%B2%89%E6%80%9D%E9%9B%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="第一哲學沉思集">第一哲学沉思集</a>》改变哲学思考的主要对象，并为随后的外国哲学家（例如<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E9%B2%81%E8%B5%AB%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E5%AE%BE%E8%AF%BA%E8%8E%8E?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="巴鲁赫·斯宾诺莎">斯宾诺莎</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%88%88%E7%89%B9%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E8%8E%B1%E5%B8%83%E5%B0%BC%E8%8C%A8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="戈特弗里德·莱布尼茨">莱布尼茨</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%8D%AB%C2%B7%E4%BC%91%E8%B0%9F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="大卫·休谟">休谟</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%B9%94%E6%B2%BB%C2%B7%E8%B4%9D%E5%85%8B%E8%8E%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="乔治·贝克莱">贝克莱</a>和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%9B%BC%E5%8A%AA%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%BA%B7%E5%BE%B7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="伊曼努尔·康德">康德</a>）提出许多经典的基本问题。</p> <p>18世纪的法国哲学家们是<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%90%AF%E8%92%99%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="启蒙时代">启蒙时代</a>所涌现出的杰出人物的代表。<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%AD%9F%E5%BE%B7%E6%96%AF%E9%B8%A0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="孟德斯鸠">孟德斯鸠</a>所著之《<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%AB%96%E6%B3%95%E7%9A%84%E7%B2%BE%E7%A5%9E?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="論法的精神">论法的精神</a>》阐述<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%AC%8A%E5%8A%9B%E5%88%86%E7%AB%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="權力分立">权力分立</a>的思想——这个思想<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E6%86%B2%E6%B3%95%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E6%AC%8A%E5%8A%9B%E5%88%86%E7%AB%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="美國憲法中的權力分立">被美国人应用在政治制度当中</a>，为几乎所有的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E5%88%B6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="自由民主制">自由民主制国家</a>所接受。<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%AE%A9-%E9%9B%85%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E5%8D%A2%E6%A2%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="让-雅克·卢梭">让-雅克·卢梭</a>所著之《<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%A5%91%E7%BA%A6%E8%AE%BA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="社会契约论">社会契约论</a>》公开地批评欧洲<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%90%9B%E6%AC%8A%E7%A5%9E%E6%8E%88%E8%AA%AA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="君權神授說">君权神授说</a>，其主张之<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E6%9D%83%E8%AE%BA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="人民主权论">主权在民</a>思想是现代<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%AE%AE%E4%BC%9A%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%88%B6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="议会共和制">民主制度</a>的基石。<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BC%8F%E5%B0%94%E6%B3%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="伏尔泰">伏尔泰</a>是启蒙运动公认的领袖和导师，他对于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E6%B0%91%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="公民自由">公民自由</a>（尤其是<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%B0%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="信仰自由">信仰自由</a>和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8F%B8%E6%B3%95%E5%85%AC%E6%AD%A3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="司法公正">司法公正</a>）的辩说体现启蒙的思想。</p> <p>19世纪的法国哲学界着重研究<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法国大革命">大革命</a>后的社会问题和病疾。<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="维克托·库赞" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Victor Cousin"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E7%BB%B4%E5%85%8B%E6%89%98%C2%B7%E5%BA%93%E8%B5%9E&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="维克托·库赞（页面不存在）">维克托·库赞</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Cousin" class="extiw" title="en:Victor Cousin"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Victor Cousin</span></a></span>）</span></span>和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E5%8F%A4%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E5%AD%94%E5%BE%B7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="奥古斯特·孔德">奥古斯特·孔德</a>是<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%90%86%E6%80%A7%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="理性主义">理性主义</a>的代表，他们所提出的新的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%AD%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="社会学">社会学说</a>（如<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%8A%98%E8%A1%B7%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="折衷主义">折衷主义</a>和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%AE%9E%E8%AF%81%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="实证主义">实证主义</a>）为<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%91%9F%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E8%BF%88%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="约瑟夫·德·迈斯特">约瑟夫·德迈斯特</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E7%B4%8D%E5%BE%B7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="波納德">路易·德博纳尔德</a>和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%8E%E6%A0%BC%C2%B7%E8%B4%B9%E5%88%A9%E8%A5%BF%E6%B3%B0%C2%B7%E7%BD%97%E8%B4%9D%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%BE%B7%E6%8B%89%E6%A2%85%E5%86%85?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="于格·费利西泰·罗贝尔·德拉梅内">德拉梅内</a>等传统主义者所反对。德迈斯特和英国人<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E5%BE%B7%E8%92%99%C2%B7%E4%BC%AF%E5%85%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="埃德蒙·伯克">埃德蒙·伯克</a>被视为欧洲<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%AE%88%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="保守主义">保守主义</a>哲学的创始人之一。孔德则被看作<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%AD%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="社会学">社会学</a>和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%AE%9E%E8%AF%81%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="实证主义">实证主义</a>的创始人。</p> <p>在20世纪早期，<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%9B%BC%E6%81%A9%C2%B7%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E6%AF%94%E6%9C%97?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="曼恩·德·比朗">曼恩·德比朗</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%A8%E5%88%A9%C2%B7%E6%9F%8F%E6%A0%BC%E6%A3%AE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="亨利·柏格森">亨利·贝格松</a>和<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="路易·拉韦尔" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Louis Lavelle"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E8%B7%AF%E6%98%93%C2%B7%E6%8B%89%E9%9F%A6%E5%B0%94&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="路易·拉韦尔（页面不存在）">路易·拉韦尔</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Lavelle" class="extiw" title="en:Louis Lavelle"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Louis Lavelle</span></a></span>）</span></span>是<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%94%AF%E5%BF%83%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="唯心主义">唯心主义</a>唯心论哲学的代表，他们的思想也影响了一些英美哲学家，例如美国人<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%9F%A5%E5%B0%94%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E6%A1%91%E5%BE%B7%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E7%9A%AE%E5%B0%94%E5%A3%AB?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="查尔斯·桑德斯·皮尔士">皮尔士</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E8%A9%B9%E5%A7%86%E5%A3%AB?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="威廉·詹姆士">詹姆士</a>以及英国人<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E7%88%BE%E5%BC%97%E9%9B%B7%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E8%AB%BE%E6%80%9D%C2%B7%E6%87%B7%E7%89%B9%E9%BB%91%E5%BE%B7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="阿爾弗雷德·諾思·懷特黑德">怀特黑德</a>。20世纪晚期，受德国<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%8E%B0%E8%B1%A1%E5%AD%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="现象学">现象学</a>和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%AD%98%E5%9C%A8%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="存在主义">存在主义</a>的影响，<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="后现代哲学" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Postmodern philosophy"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E5%90%8E%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="后现代哲学（页面不存在）">后现代哲学</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postmodern_philosophy" class="extiw" title="en:Postmodern philosophy"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Postmodern philosophy</span></a></span>）</span></span>在法国萌芽。<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%AE%A9-%E5%BC%97%E6%9C%97%E7%B4%A2%E7%93%A6%C2%B7%E5%88%A9%E5%A5%A5%E5%A1%94?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="让-弗朗索瓦·利奥塔">让-弗朗索瓦·利奥塔</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%B0%9A%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E5%B8%8C%E4%BA%9E?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="尚·布希亞">让·博德里亚</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%9B%85%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%8C%E8%BE%BE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="雅克·德里达">雅克·德里达</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%9B%85%E5%90%84%C2%B7%E6%8B%89%E5%86%88?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="雅各·拉冈">雅克·拉康</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%B1%B3%E6%AD%87%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E7%A6%8F%E6%9F%AF?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="米歇尔·福柯">米歇尔·福柯</a>和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%90%89%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%BE%B7%E5%8B%92%E5%85%B9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="吉尔·德勒兹">吉尔·德勒兹</a>是法国<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%90%8E%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="后结构主义">后结构主义</a>哲学家的代表。</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="音乐"><span id=".E9.9F.B3.E4.B9.90"></span>音乐</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&section=40&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="编辑章节：音乐" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>编辑</span> </a> </span> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> 主条目：<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E9%9F%B3%E4%B9%90?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法国音乐">法国音乐</a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Serge_Gainsbourg_par_Claude_Truong-Ngoc_1981_Upright.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Serge_Gainsbourg_par_Claude_Truong-Ngoc_1981_Upright.jpg/170px-Serge_Gainsbourg_par_Claude_Truong-Ngoc_1981_Upright.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="170" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="2400"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 170px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Serge_Gainsbourg_par_Claude_Truong-Ngoc_1981_Upright.jpg/170px-Serge_Gainsbourg_par_Claude_Truong-Ngoc_1981_Upright.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="170" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Serge_Gainsbourg_par_Claude_Truong-Ngoc_1981_Upright.jpg/255px-Serge_Gainsbourg_par_Claude_Truong-Ngoc_1981_Upright.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Serge_Gainsbourg_par_Claude_Truong-Ngoc_1981_Upright.jpg/340px-Serge_Gainsbourg_par_Claude_Truong-Ngoc_1981_Upright.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%B5%9B%E6%97%A5%C2%B7%E7%94%98%E6%96%AF%E5%B8%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="赛日·甘斯布">赛日·甘斯布</a>是法国流行乐坛的教父级人物，亦为世界影响力最大的流行音乐人之一<sup id="cite_ref-354" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-354"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>335<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </figcaption> </figure> <p>法国音乐历史丰富而悠久。17世纪路易十四统治时期，是法国音乐的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%BB%84%E9%87%91%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="黄金时代">黄金时代</a>，宫廷雇有众多杰出的音乐家。此时期著名的作曲家包括<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B-%E5%AE%89%E4%B8%9C%E5%B0%BC%C2%B7%E5%A4%8F%E5%BA%9E%E8%92%82%E5%9F%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="马克-安东尼·夏庞蒂埃">夏庞蒂埃</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E6%9C%97%E7%B4%A2%E7%93%A6%C2%B7%E5%BA%93%E6%99%AE%E5%85%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="弗朗索瓦·库普兰">弗朗索瓦·库普兰</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%B1%B3%E6%AD%87%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E7%90%86%E6%9F%A5%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%BE%B7%E6%8B%89%E5%85%B0%E5%BE%B7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="米歇尔·理查德·德拉兰德">米歇尔-里夏尔·德拉朗德</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%AE%A9-%E5%B7%B4%E6%99%AE%E8%92%82%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E5%90%95%E5%88%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="让-巴普蒂斯特·吕利">让-巴普蒂斯特·吕利</a>和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%B0%C2%B7%E9%A9%AC%E9%9B%B7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="马兰·马雷">马兰·马雷</a>。18世纪<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%AE%A9-%E8%8F%B2%E5%88%A9%E6%99%AE%C2%B7%E6%8B%89%E8%8E%AB?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="让-菲利普·拉莫">让-菲利普·拉莫</a>成为当时乐坛的领军人物，他在当时的歌剧界和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%BE%BD%E7%AE%A1%E9%94%AE%E7%90%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="羽管键琴">羽管键琴</a>界都有权威地位<sup id="cite_ref-355" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-355"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>336<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</p> <p>19世纪至20世纪早期的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B5%AA%E6%BC%AB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="浪漫主义">浪漫主义</a>时期，法国音乐家在世界音乐史上扮演重要的角色。<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B5%AA%E6%BC%AB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E9%9F%B3%E4%B9%90?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="浪漫主义音乐">浪漫主义音乐</a>强调对于自然的敬畏、对于历史和超自然的感情诉诸、对于不寻常的探索和对于民族认同的关注，拥有富于变化的旋律。当时著名的作曲家有<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E5%85%8B%E6%89%98%C2%B7%E6%9F%8F%E8%BE%BD%E5%85%B9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="埃克托·柏辽兹">柏辽兹</a>，代表作《<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%B9%BB%E6%83%B3%E4%BA%A4%E9%9F%BF%E6%9B%B2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="幻想交響曲">幻想交响曲</a>》；<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%B9%94%E6%B2%BB%C2%B7%E6%AF%94%E6%89%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="乔治·比才">比才</a>，代表作《<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E9%97%A8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="卡门">卡门</a>》；<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E5%B8%83%E9%87%8C%E5%9F%83%E7%88%BE%C2%B7%E4%BD%9B%E7%91%9E?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="加布里埃爾·佛瑞">加布里埃尔·福莱</a>，代表作《<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="帕凡舞曲 (福莱)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Pavane (Fauré)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E5%B8%95%E5%87%A1%E8%88%9E%E6%9B%B2_(%E7%A6%8F%E8%8E%B1)&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="帕凡舞曲 (福莱)（页面不存在）">帕凡舞曲</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pavane_(Faur%25C3%25A9)" class="extiw" title="en:Pavane (Fauré)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Pavane (Fauré)</span></a></span>）</span></span>》和《<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="安魂曲 (福莱)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Requiem (Fauré)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%89%E9%AD%82%E6%9B%B2_(%E7%A6%8F%E8%8E%B1)&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="安魂曲 (福莱)（页面不存在）">安魂曲</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Requiem_(Faur%25C3%25A9)" class="extiw" title="en:Requiem (Fauré)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Requiem (Fauré)</span></a></span>）</span></span>》；<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%A4%8F%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%8F%A4%E8%AF%BA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="夏尔·古诺">夏尔·古诺</a>，代表作《<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%81%96%E6%AF%8D%E9%A0%8C_(%E5%8F%A4%E8%AB%BE)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="聖母頌 (古諾)">圣母颂</a>》和歌剧《<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B5%AE%E5%A3%AB%E5%BE%B7_(%E6%AD%8C%E5%8A%87)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="浮士德 (歌劇)">浮士德</a>》；<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%9B%85%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E5%A5%A5%E8%8A%AC%E5%B7%B4%E8%B5%AB?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="雅克·奥芬巴赫">雅克·奥芬巴赫</a>，代表作是《<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%9C%8D%E5%A4%AB%E6%9B%BC%E7%9A%84%E6%95%85%E4%BA%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="霍夫曼的故事">霍夫曼的故事</a>》，以及19世纪50年代至70年代的100多部<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%BD%BB%E6%AD%8C%E5%89%A7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="轻歌剧">轻歌剧</a>；<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%88%B1%E5%BE%B7%E5%8D%8E%C2%B7%E6%8B%89%E7%BD%97?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="爱德华·拉罗">爱德华·拉罗</a>，代表作《<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99%E4%BA%A4%E5%93%8D%E6%9B%B2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="西班牙交响曲">西班牙交响曲</a>》和《<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="D小调大提琴协奏曲" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Cello Concerto (Lalo)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=D%E5%B0%8F%E8%B0%83%E5%A4%A7%E6%8F%90%E7%90%B4%E5%8D%8F%E5%A5%8F%E6%9B%B2&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="D小调大提琴协奏曲（页面不存在）">D小调大提琴协奏曲</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cello_Concerto_(Lalo)" class="extiw" title="en:Cello Concerto (Lalo)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Cello Concerto (Lalo)</span></a></span>）</span></span>》；<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%84%92%E5%8B%92%C2%B7%E9%A9%AC%E6%96%AF%E5%86%85?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="儒勒·马斯内">儒勒·马斯内</a>，代表作《<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="玛侬" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Manon"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E7%8E%9B%E4%BE%AC&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="玛侬（页面不存在）">玛侬</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manon" class="extiw" title="en:Manon"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Manon</span></a></span>）</span></span>》和《<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E7%89%B9_(%E6%AD%8C%E5%89%A7)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="维特 (歌剧)">维特</a>》；<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E7%B1%B3%E7%88%BE%C2%B7%E8%81%96%E6%A1%91?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="卡米爾·聖桑">卡米尔·圣桑</a>，代表作《<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8B%95%E7%89%A9%E7%8B%82%E6%AD%A1%E7%AF%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="動物狂歡節">動物狂歡節</a>》《<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%AA%B7%E9%AB%8F%E4%B9%8B%E8%88%9E?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="骷髏之舞">骷髏之舞</a>》《<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8F%83%E5%AD%AB%E8%88%87%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E6%8B%89?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="參孫與大利拉">參孫與大利拉</a>》《<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%BC%95%E5%AD%90%E4%B8%8E%E5%9B%9E%E6%97%8B%E9%9A%8F%E6%83%B3%E6%9B%B2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="引子与回旋随想曲">引子与回旋随想曲</a>》和《<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="第三交响曲 (圣桑)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Symphony No. 3 (Saint-Saëns)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E4%BA%A4%E5%93%8D%E6%9B%B2_(%E5%9C%A3%E6%A1%91)&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="第三交响曲 (圣桑)（页面不存在）">第三交响曲</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symphony_No._3_(Saint-Sa%25C3%25ABns)" class="extiw" title="en:Symphony No. 3 (Saint-Saëns)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Symphony No. 3 (Saint-Saëns)</span></a></span>）</span></span>》。</p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:DaftAlive.jpeg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/DaftAlive.jpeg/220px-DaftAlive.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1269" data-file-height="850"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/DaftAlive.jpeg/220px-DaftAlive.jpeg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/DaftAlive.jpeg/330px-DaftAlive.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/DaftAlive.jpeg/440px-DaftAlive.jpeg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%82%BB%E6%9C%8B%E5%85%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="傻朋克">傻朋克</a>乐队是法式<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B5%A9%E5%AE%A4%E9%9F%B3%E4%B9%90?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="浩室音乐">浩室音乐</a>的先驱 </figcaption> </figure> <p>20世纪亦是现代古典音乐兴起的时期，其中<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E9%87%8C%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E8%96%A9%E8%92%82?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="埃里克·薩蒂">埃里克·薩蒂</a>是20世纪早期巴黎<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%89%8D%E5%8D%AB?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="前卫">前卫</a>音乐的代表人物，代表作《<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%A3%B8%E9%AB%94%E6%AD%8C%E8%88%9E?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="裸體歌舞">裸体歌舞</a>》。<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E6%9C%97%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E6%99%AE%E6%9C%97%E5%85%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="弗朗西斯·普朗克">弗朗西斯·普朗克</a>亦是一位成功的作曲家，代表作有《<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="永动曲" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Trois mouvements perpétuels"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%B8%E5%8A%A8%E6%9B%B2&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="永动曲（页面不存在）">永动曲</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trois_mouvements_perp%25C3%25A9tuels" class="extiw" title="en:Trois mouvements perpétuels"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Trois mouvements perpétuels</span></a></span>）</span></span>》《<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="母鹿 (芭蕾舞曲)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Les biches"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%AF%8D%E9%B9%BF_(%E8%8A%AD%E8%95%BE%E8%88%9E%E6%9B%B2)&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="母鹿 (芭蕾舞曲)（页面不存在）">母鹿</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les_biches" class="extiw" title="en:Les biches"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Les biches</span></a></span>）</span></span>》《<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="乡间协奏曲" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Concert champêtre"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%A1%E9%97%B4%E5%8D%8F%E5%A5%8F%E6%9B%B2&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="乡间协奏曲（页面不存在）">乡间协奏曲</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concert_champ%25C3%25AAtre" class="extiw" title="en:Concert champêtre"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Concert champêtre</span></a></span>）</span></span>》《<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E5%B0%94%E9%BB%98%E7%BD%97%E4%BC%9A%E4%BF%AE%E5%A5%B3%E7%9A%84%E5%AF%B9%E8%AF%9D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="加尔默罗会修女的对话">加尔默罗会修女的对话</a>》和《<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="荣耀经 (普朗克)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Gloria (Poulenc)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%A3%E8%80%80%E7%BB%8F_(%E6%99%AE%E6%9C%97%E5%85%8B)&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="荣耀经 (普朗克)（页面不存在）">荣耀经</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria_(Poulenc)" class="extiw" title="en:Gloria (Poulenc)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Gloria (Poulenc)</span></a></span>）</span></span>》。<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%8E%AB%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E6%8B%89%E5%A8%81%E7%88%BE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="莫里斯·拉威爾">莫里斯·拉威爾</a>和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B8%8C%E5%B0%94-%E5%85%8B%E6%B4%9B%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%BE%B7%E5%BD%AA%E8%A5%BF?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="阿希尔-克洛德·德彪西">克洛德·德彪西</a>是法国<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E8%B1%A1%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E9%9F%B3%E4%B9%90?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="印象主义音乐">印象主义音乐</a>的代表人物，其中德彪西是19世纪晚期至20世纪早期最有影响力的作曲家之一。德彪西的作品以其感观内涵和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%97%A0%E8%B0%83%E9%9F%B3%E4%B9%90?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="无调音乐">无调音乐</a>著称，其非传统的音调旋律和半音音阶影响许多后继者<sup id="cite_ref-356" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-356"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>337<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。两位作曲家被认为开创新的音乐形式<sup id="cite_ref-357" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-357"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>338<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-358" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-358"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>339<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-359" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-359"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>340<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-360" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-360"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>341<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。拉威尔的代表作《<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="水上游戏" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Jeux d'eau (Ravel)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%B4%E4%B8%8A%E6%B8%B8%E6%88%8F&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="水上游戏（页面不存在）">水上游戏</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeux_d%2527eau_(Ravel)" class="extiw" title="en:Jeux d'eau (Ravel)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Jeux d'eau (Ravel)</span></a></span>）</span></span>》《<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%8F%A1_(%E6%8B%89%E5%A8%81%E7%88%BE)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="鏡 (拉威爾)">鏡</a>》《<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%BA%93%E6%99%AE%E5%85%B0%E4%B9%8B%E5%A2%93?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="库普兰之墓">库普兰之墓</a>》和《<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%A4%9C%E4%B9%8B%E5%B9%BD%E7%81%B5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="夜之幽灵">夜之幽灵</a>》广受欢迎。此外，他对于管弦乐编曲的出色掌控于《<span class="ilh-all ilh-blue" data-orig-title="西班牙狂想曲" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Rapsodie espagnole"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99%E7%8B%82%E6%83%B3%E6%9B%B2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="西班牙狂想曲">西班牙狂想曲</a></span></span>》《<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%81%94%E5%A4%AB%E5%B0%BC%E8%88%87%E5%85%8B%E7%BE%85%E4%BC%8A?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="達夫尼與克羅伊">达夫尼与克罗埃</a>》和《<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%9A%E8%90%8A%E7%BE%85_(%E6%8B%89%E5%A8%81%E7%88%BE)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="博萊羅 (拉威爾)">博萊羅</a>》可见一斑。20世纪中期，著名的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%BD%93%E4%BB%A3%E5%8F%A4%E5%85%B8%E9%9F%B3%E4%B9%90?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="当代古典音乐">当代古典音乐</a>家有<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="莫里斯·奥哈纳" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Maurice Ohana"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E8%8E%AB%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%A5%A5%E5%93%88%E7%BA%B3&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="莫里斯·奥哈纳（页面不存在）">莫里斯·奥哈纳</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maurice_Ohana" class="extiw" title="en:Maurice Ohana"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Maurice Ohana</span></a></span>）</span></span>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%9A%AE%E5%9F%83%E7%88%BE%C2%B7%E8%88%8D%E8%B2%BB%E7%88%BE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="皮埃爾·舍費爾">皮埃尔·舍费尔</a>和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%9A%AE%E5%9F%83%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E8%8E%B1%E5%85%B9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="皮埃尔·布莱兹">皮埃尔·布莱兹</a><sup id="cite_ref-361" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-361"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>342<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</p> <p>20世纪中期<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B5%81%E8%A1%8C%E9%9F%B3%E4%B9%90?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="流行音乐">流行音乐</a>和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%91%87%E6%BB%9A%E9%9F%B3%E4%B9%90?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="摇滚音乐">摇滚音乐</a>兴起，影响到法国音乐界，出现<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E9%A2%82?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="香颂">香颂</a>音乐。英语流行歌曲在国内受到欢迎，而香颂歌曲同样有着很高的知名度。著名的音乐人有<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%89%BE%E8%BF%AA%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E7%9A%AE%E9%9B%85%E8%8A%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="艾迪特·皮雅芙">艾迪特·皮雅芙</a>、<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="乔治·布拉桑" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Georges Brassens"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%94%E6%B2%BB%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E6%8B%89%E6%A1%91&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="乔治·布拉桑（页面不存在）">乔治·布拉桑</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Brassens" class="extiw" title="en:Georges Brassens"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Georges Brassens</span></a></span>）</span></span>、<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="莱奥·费雷" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Léo Ferré"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E8%8E%B1%E5%A5%A5%C2%B7%E8%B4%B9%E9%9B%B7&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="莱奥·费雷（页面不存在）">莱奥·费雷</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%25C3%25A9o_Ferr%25C3%25A9" class="extiw" title="en:Léo Ferré"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Léo Ferré</span></a></span>）</span></span>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%A4%8F%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E5%85%B9%E7%BA%B3%E6%AD%A6%E5%B0%94?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="夏尔·阿兹纳武尔">夏尔·阿兹纳武尔</a>和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%B5%9B%E6%97%A5%C2%B7%E7%94%98%E6%96%AF%E5%B8%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="赛日·甘斯布">赛日·甘斯布</a>。与英语国家相比，法国的摇滚音乐人相对较少<sup id="cite_ref-362" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-362"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>343<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，但一些著名的乐队如<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Noir Désir" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Noir Désir"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Noir_D%C3%A9sir&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Noir Désir（页面不存在）">Noir Désir</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noir_D%25C3%25A9sir" class="extiw" title="en:Noir Désir"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Noir Désir</span></a></span>）</span></span>、<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Mano Negra" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Mano Negra"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Mano_Negra&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Mano Negra（页面不存在）">Mano Negra</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mano_Negra" class="extiw" title="en:Mano Negra"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Mano Negra</span></a></span>）</span></span>、<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Niagara (乐队)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Niagara (band)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Niagara_(%E4%B9%90%E9%98%9F)&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Niagara (乐队)（页面不存在）">Niagara</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niagara_(band)" class="extiw" title="en:Niagara (band)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Niagara (band)</span></a></span>）</span></span>、<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Les Rita Mitsouko" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Les Rita Mitsouko"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Les_Rita_Mitsouko&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Les Rita Mitsouko（页面不存在）">Les Rita Mitsouko</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les_Rita_Mitsouko" class="extiw" title="en:Les Rita Mitsouko"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Les Rita Mitsouko</span></a></span>）</span></span>、<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="凤凰 (乐队)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Phoenix (band)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E5%87%A4%E5%87%B0_(%E4%B9%90%E9%98%9F)&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="凤凰 (乐队)（页面不存在）">凤凰</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phoenix_(band)" class="extiw" title="en:Phoenix (band)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Phoenix (band)</span></a></span>）</span></span>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Superbus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Superbus">Superbus</a>、<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Gojira" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Gojira (band)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Gojira&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Gojira（页面不存在）">Gojira</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gojira_(band)" class="extiw" title="en:Gojira (band)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Gojira (band)</span></a></span>）</span></span>仍在世界有着广泛知名度<sup id="cite_ref-frmusic_363-0" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-frmusic-363"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>344<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。许多法国歌手于国内外都有着较高人气，如<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%BB%9B%E8%8E%89%E9%81%94?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="黛莉達">黛莉達</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%B1%B3%E8%95%BE%E8%80%B6%C2%B7%E7%91%AA%E8%92%82%E5%8E%84?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="米蕾耶·瑪蒂厄">米蕾耶·玛蒂厄</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%B1%B3%E8%93%AE%C2%B7%E6%B3%95%E8%8E%AB?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="米蓮·法莫">米莲·法莫</a><sup id="cite_ref-frmusic_363-1" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-frmusic-363"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>344<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>和<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="诺尔文·勒鲁瓦" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Nolwenn Leroy"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E8%AF%BA%E5%B0%94%E6%96%87%C2%B7%E5%8B%92%E9%B2%81%E7%93%A6&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="诺尔文·勒鲁瓦（页面不存在）">诺尔文·勒鲁瓦</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nolwenn_Leroy" class="extiw" title="en:Nolwenn Leroy"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Nolwenn Leroy</span></a></span>）</span></span><sup id="cite_ref-364" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-364"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>345<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>等女歌手；<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90%E9%9F%B3%E4%B9%90?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="电子音乐">电子音乐</a>的先驱<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%AE%A9-%E7%B1%B3%E6%AD%87%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E9%9B%85%E5%B0%94?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="让-米歇尔·雅尔">让-米歇尔·雅尔</a>、<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="洛朗·加尼耶" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Laurent Garnier"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%B4%9B%E6%9C%97%C2%B7%E5%8A%A0%E5%B0%BC%E8%80%B6&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="洛朗·加尼耶（页面不存在）">洛朗·加尼耶</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurent_Garnier" class="extiw" title="en:Laurent Garnier"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Laurent Garnier</span></a></span>）</span></span>和<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="鲍勃·桑克拉尔" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Bob Sinclar"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E9%B2%8D%E5%8B%83%C2%B7%E6%A1%91%E5%85%8B%E6%8B%89%E5%B0%94&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="鲍勃·桑克拉尔（页面不存在）">鲍勃·桑克拉尔</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Sinclar" class="extiw" title="en:Bob Sinclar"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Bob Sinclar</span></a></span>）</span></span>，以及之后的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%94%B1%E7%89%87%E9%AA%91%E5%B8%88?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="唱片骑师">DJ</a><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="马丁·佐尔法伊格" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Martin Solveig"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E9%A9%AC%E4%B8%81%C2%B7%E4%BD%90%E5%B0%94%E6%B3%95%E4%BC%8A%E6%A0%BC&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="马丁·佐尔法伊格（页面不存在）">马丁·佐尔法伊格</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Solveig" class="extiw" title="en:Martin Solveig"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Martin Solveig</span></a></span>）</span></span>和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%A1%9B%C2%B7%E5%BA%AB%E5%A1%94_(DJ)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="大衛·庫塔 (DJ)">大卫·库塔</a>。近年来，电子音乐二人组合<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%82%BB%E6%9C%8B%E5%85%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="傻朋克">傻朋克</a>、<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Justice (乐队)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Justice (band)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Justice_(%E4%B9%90%E9%98%9F)&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Justice (乐队)（页面不存在）">Justice</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justice_(band)" class="extiw" title="en:Justice (band)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Justice (band)</span></a></span>）</span></span>和<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Aie (法国乐队)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Air (French band)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Aie_(%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E4%B9%90%E9%98%9F)&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Aie (法国乐队)（页面不存在）">Air</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_(French_band)" class="extiw" title="en:Air (French band)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Air (French band)</span></a></span>）</span></span>亦拥有世界级人气，为现代电子音乐的传播做出较大贡献<sup id="cite_ref-frmusic_363-2" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-frmusic-363"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>344<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-365" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-365"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>346<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-366" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-366"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>347<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</p> <p>法国许多现有的音乐活动和机构皆致力于古典音乐和歌剧的演出，例如著名的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E7%AB%8B%E5%B7%B4%E9%BB%8E%E6%AD%8C%E5%89%A7%E5%9B%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="国立巴黎歌剧团">国立巴黎歌剧团</a>（主要演出场地是<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E9%BB%8E%E6%AD%8C%E5%8A%87%E9%99%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="巴黎歌劇院">巴黎歌剧院</a>和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%A3%AB%E5%BA%95%E6%AD%8C%E5%8A%87%E9%99%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="巴士底歌劇院">巴士底歌剧院</a>），<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="里昂国家歌剧团" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Opéra National de Lyon"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%8C%E6%98%82%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E6%AD%8C%E5%89%A7%E5%9B%A2&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="里昂国家歌剧团（页面不存在）">里昂国家歌剧团</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Op%25C3%25A9ra_National_de_Lyon" class="extiw" title="en:Opéra National de Lyon"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Opéra National de Lyon</span></a></span>）</span></span>，巴黎的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%A4%8F%E7%89%B9%E9%9B%B7%E5%8A%87%E9%99%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="夏特雷劇院">夏特雷劇院</a>，图卢兹的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%B8%82%E6%94%BF%E5%BB%B3%E5%8A%87%E9%99%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="市政廳劇院">市政厅剧院</a>和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%B0%94%E5%A4%9A%E5%A4%A7%E5%89%A7%E9%99%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="波尔多大剧院">波尔多大剧院</a>。著名的音乐节有<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="欧洲摇滚节" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Eurockéennes"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E6%91%87%E6%BB%9A%E8%8A%82&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="欧洲摇滚节（页面不存在）">欧洲摇滚节</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurock%25C3%25A9ennes" class="extiw" title="en:Eurockéennes"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Eurockéennes</span></a></span>）</span></span>和<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="塞纳河摇滚节" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Rock en Seine"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E5%A1%9E%E7%BA%B3%E6%B2%B3%E6%91%87%E6%BB%9A%E8%8A%82&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="塞纳河摇滚节（页面不存在）">塞纳河摇滚节</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_en_Seine" class="extiw" title="en:Rock en Seine"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Rock en Seine</span></a></span>）</span></span>两个<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%91%87%E6%BB%9A%E9%9F%B3%E4%B9%90?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="摇滚音乐">摇滚音乐</a>节，以及源于法国、众多国家一同庆祝的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%82%E7%AF%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="世界音樂節">世界音樂節</a>，于1982年由法国政府设立<sup id="cite_ref-367" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-367"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>348<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-368" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-368"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>349<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。其它著名的音乐厅有分布于众多城市的<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="顶点剧场" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Le Zénith"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E9%A1%B6%E7%82%B9%E5%89%A7%E5%9C%BA&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="顶点剧场（页面不存在）">顶点剧场</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_Z%25C3%25A9nith" class="extiw" title="en:Le Zénith"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Le Zénith</span></a></span>）</span></span>，以及巴黎的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E6%9E%97%E5%8C%B9%E4%BA%9A%E9%9F%B3%E4%B9%90%E5%8E%85?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="奥林匹亚音乐厅">奥林匹亚音乐厅</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%8E%AB%E5%8A%A0%E5%A4%9A%E7%88%BE%E5%8A%87%E9%99%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="莫加多爾劇院">莫加多尔剧院</a>和<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="蒙马特爱丽舍剧场" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Élysée Montmartre"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E8%92%99%E9%A9%AC%E7%89%B9%E7%88%B1%E4%B8%BD%E8%88%8D%E5%89%A7%E5%9C%BA&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="蒙马特爱丽舍剧场（页面不存在）">蒙马特爱丽舍剧场</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C3%2589lys%25C3%25A9e_Montmartre" class="extiw" title="en:Élysée Montmartre"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Élysée Montmartre</span></a></span>）</span></span>等。</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="电影"><span id=".E7.94.B5.E5.BD.B1"></span>电影</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&section=41&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="编辑章节：电影" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>编辑</span> </a> </span> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> 主条目：<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E7%94%B5%E5%BD%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法国电影">法国电影</a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Palmed%27or.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Palmed%27or.jpg/220px-Palmed%27or.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Palmed%27or.jpg/220px-Palmed%27or.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Palmed%27or.jpg/330px-Palmed%27or.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Palmed%27or.jpg/440px-Palmed%27or.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%88%9B%E7%BA%B3%E7%94%B5%E5%BD%B1%E8%8A%82?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="戛纳电影节">戛纳电影节</a>的奖项<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%87%91%E6%A3%95%E6%A6%88%E5%A5%96?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="金棕榈奖">金棕榈奖</a>奖杯。戛纳电影节是国际上最具影响力的电影节之一<sup id="cite_ref-369" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-369"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>350<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-370" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-370"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>351<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-371" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-371"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>352<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </figcaption> </figure> <p>法国<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E5%BD%B1%E5%88%B6%E4%BD%9C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="电影制作">电影制作</a>行业在世界上具有领军地位，截至2006年<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">2006-Missing required parameter 1=<i>month</i>!</span>)</span><sup class="plainlinks noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3D%25E6%25B3%2595%25E5%259B%25BD%26action%3Dedit">[update]</a></sup>，法国制作的电影数目为欧洲最多<sup id="cite_ref-372" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-372"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>353<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。法国亦办有世界闻名的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%88%9B%E7%BA%B3%E7%94%B5%E5%BD%B1%E8%8A%82?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="戛纳电影节">戛纳电影节</a>，是为国际上最具影响力的电影节之一<sup id="cite_ref-373" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-373"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>354<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-374" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-374"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>355<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。现今法国电影市场被美国<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%A5%BD%E8%8E%B1%E5%9D%9E?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="好莱坞">好莱坞</a>支配，但法国仍然是美国影片收入占总收入份额最低的国家之一，为50%（相比之下德国为77%，日本为69%）<sup id="cite_ref-erudit_375-0" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-erudit-375"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>356<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，此外本土电影占35%（相比之下，西班牙和英国仅为14%与8%）<sup id="cite_ref-erudit_375-1" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-erudit-375"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>356<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。根据2013年的统计，法国是世界第二大电影出口国<sup id="cite_ref-unifrance.org_376-0" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-unifrance.org-376"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>357<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，仅次于美国。</p> <p>法国是<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E5%BD%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="电影">电影</a>的发源地，<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%A2%E7%B1%B3%E5%9F%83%E5%85%84%E5%BC%9F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="卢米埃兄弟">卢米埃兄弟</a>对于电影的发明与发展有着重大的贡献<sup id="cite_ref-377" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-377"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>358<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。许多早期电影界的代表作品出于二人之手，多为情节简单的短片（如1895年的《<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E8%BD%A6%E8%BF%9B%E7%AB%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="火车进站">火车进站</a>》和《<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%A6%BB%E5%BC%80%E5%B7%A5%E5%8E%82?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="离开工厂">离开工厂</a>》），在电影史上有着非凡的地位。电影发展初期，市场被<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E8%92%99%E9%9B%BB%E5%BD%B1%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="高蒙電影公司">高蒙电影公司</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%99%BE%E4%BB%A3%E7%94%B5%E5%BD%B1%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="百代电影公司">百代电影公司</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%B9%94%E6%B2%BB%C2%B7%E6%A2%85%E9%87%8C%E7%88%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="乔治·梅里爱">乔治·梅里爱</a>公司及卢米埃兄弟垄断，其中高蒙电影公司是世界上最古老的电影公司；梅里爱应用新潮的电影制作技术和叙述方法，其代表作为1902年的《<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%9C%88%E7%90%83%E6%97%85%E8%A1%8C%E8%AE%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="月球旅行记">月球旅行记</a>》。</p> <p>20世纪上半叶法国电影界盛行<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E7%8E%B0%E5%AE%9E%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="超现实主义">超现实主义</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%BE%BE%E8%BE%BE%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="达达主义">达达主义</a>和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%AF%97%E6%84%8F%E7%8E%B0%E5%AE%9E%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="诗意现实主义">诗意现实主义</a>，出现<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="法国印象派电影" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="French impressionist cinema"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E5%8D%B0%E8%B1%A1%E6%B4%BE%E7%94%B5%E5%BD%B1&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="法国印象派电影（页面不存在）">印象派电影</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_impressionist_cinema" class="extiw" title="en:French impressionist cinema"><span lang="en" dir="auto">French impressionist cinema</span></a></span>）</span></span>。20世纪上半叶的著名导演有<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%9B%85%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E8%B2%BB%E4%BB%A3%E7%88%BE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="雅克·費代爾">雅克·费代尔</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%AE%93%C2%B7%E7%B6%AD%E6%9E%9C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="讓·維果">让·维果</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%B9%94%E6%B2%BB%C2%B7%E6%A2%85%E9%87%8C%E7%88%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="乔治·梅里爱">乔治·梅里爱</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E8%B4%9D%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%86%88%E6%96%AF?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="阿贝尔·冈斯">阿贝尔·冈斯</a>、<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="热尔梅娜·迪拉克" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Germaine Dulac"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E7%83%AD%E5%B0%94%E6%A2%85%E5%A8%9C%C2%B7%E8%BF%AA%E6%8B%89%E5%85%8B&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="热尔梅娜·迪拉克（页面不存在）">热尔梅娜·迪拉克</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germaine_Dulac" class="extiw" title="en:Germaine Dulac"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Germaine Dulac</span></a></span>）</span></span>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%AE%A9%C2%B7%E7%88%B1%E6%B3%BC%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="让·爱泼斯坦">让·爱泼斯坦</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E7%91%9F%C2%B7%E5%B7%B4%E7%BA%BD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="马瑟·巴纽">馬瑟·巴紐</a>、<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="朱利安·迪维维耶" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Julien Duvivier"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%B1%E5%88%A9%E5%AE%89%C2%B7%E8%BF%AA%E7%BB%B4%E7%BB%B4%E8%80%B6&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="朱利安·迪维维耶（页面不存在）">朱利安·迪维维耶</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julien_Duvivier" class="extiw" title="en:Julien Duvivier"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Julien Duvivier</span></a></span>）</span></span>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8B%92%E5%86%85%C2%B7%E5%85%8B%E8%8E%B1%E5%B0%94?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="勒内·克莱尔">勒内·克莱尔</a>和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%AE%A9%C2%B7%E9%9B%B7%E8%AF%BA%E9%98%BF?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="让·雷诺阿">让·雷诺阿</a>。其中，雅克·费代尔的《<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="亚特兰蒂斯 (1921年电影)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="L'Atlantide (1921 film)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%9A%E7%89%B9%E5%85%B0%E8%92%82%E6%96%AF_(1921%E5%B9%B4%E7%94%B5%E5%BD%B1)&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="亚特兰蒂斯 (1921年电影)（页面不存在）">亚特兰蒂斯</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%2527Atlantide_(1921_film)" class="extiw" title="en:L'Atlantide (1921 film)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">L'Atlantide (1921 film)</span></a></span>）</span></span>》、让·维果的《<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E7%89%B9%E8%98%AD%E5%A4%A7%E8%99%9F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="亞特蘭大號">亚特兰大号</a>》、勒内·克莱尔的《<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="巴黎屋檐下" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Under the Roofs of Paris"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%B4%E9%BB%8E%E5%B1%8B%E6%AA%90%E4%B8%8B&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="巴黎屋檐下（页面不存在）">巴黎屋檐下</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Under_the_Roofs_of_Paris" class="extiw" title="en:Under the Roofs of Paris"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Under the Roofs of Paris</span></a></span>）</span></span>》、让·雷诺阿的《<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%B9%BB%E5%BD%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="大幻影">大幻影</a>》《<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%81%8A%E6%88%B2%E8%A6%8F%E5%89%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="遊戲規則">游戏规则</a>》以及<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E8%B5%9B%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%94%E5%86%85?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="马赛尔·卡尔内">马赛尔·卡尔内</a>的《<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E5%A0%82%E7%9A%84%E5%AD%A9%E5%AD%90%E4%BB%AC?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="天堂的孩子们">天堂的孩子们</a>》都获得成功，在电影史上有着重要的地位。20世纪50年代，电影界掀起“<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E6%96%B0%E6%B5%AA%E6%BD%AE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法國新浪潮">新浪潮</a>”，并持续数十年。<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%BE%B7%E7%83%88%C2%B7%E5%B7%B4%E8%B5%9E?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="安德烈·巴赞">安德烈·巴赞</a>是著名的电影评论家，也是“新浪潮”以及现代电影理论奠基人之一，创办有杂志《<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E5%BD%B1%E6%89%8B%E5%86%8C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="电影手册">电影手册</a>》。新浪潮的代表导演有<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%B7%AF%E6%98%93%C2%B7%E9%A6%AC%E7%9B%A7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="路易·馬盧">路易·馬盧</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%98%AD%E7%B4%A2%E7%93%A6%C2%B7%E6%9D%9C%E9%AD%AF%E7%A6%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法蘭索瓦·杜魯福">弗朗索瓦·特吕弗</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%B0%9A%E7%9B%A7%C2%B7%E9%AB%98%E9%81%94?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="尚盧·高達">尚盧·高達</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E5%8A%9B%C2%B7%E7%9B%A7%E9%A6%AC?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="伊力·盧馬">埃里克·侯麦</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E5%8B%9E%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%A4%8F%E5%B8%83%E6%B4%9B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="克勞德·夏布洛">克劳德·夏布洛尔</a>與<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%B3%88%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E5%B8%8C%E7%B6%AD%E7%89%B9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="賈克·希維特">雅克·里韦特</a>等，其中戈达尔的《<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%96%B7%E4%BA%86%E6%B0%A3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="斷了氣">精疲力尽</a>》和特吕弗的《<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E7%99%BE%E6%93%8A?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="四百擊">四百击</a>》都是优秀的作品。1966年<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="热拉尔·乌里" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Gérard Oury"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E7%83%AD%E6%8B%89%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E4%B9%8C%E9%87%8C&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="热拉尔·乌里（页面不存在）">热拉尔·乌里</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%25C3%25A9rard_Oury" class="extiw" title="en:Gérard Oury"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Gérard Oury</span></a></span>）</span></span>导演的《<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%99%8E%E5%8F%A3%E8%84%B1%E9%99%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="虎口脱险">虎口脱险</a>》在法国获得最高票房纪录，并保持至1997年；1978年的《<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E7%B1%A0%E5%82%BB%E9%B3%A5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="一籠傻鳥">一笼傻鸟</a>》获得3项<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%AC%AC52%E5%B1%8A%E5%A5%A5%E6%96%AF%E5%8D%A1%E5%A5%96?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="第52届奥斯卡奖">奥斯卡奖</a>提名。20世纪80年代起法国电影<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="电影视觉风" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Cinéma du look"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%B5%E5%BD%B1%E8%A7%86%E8%A7%89%E9%A3%8E&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="电影视觉风（页面不存在）">视觉风</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cin%25C3%25A9ma_du_look" class="extiw" title="en:Cinéma du look"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Cinéma du look</span></a></span>）</span></span>兴起，代表作有<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="让-雅克·贝内" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Jean-Jacques Beineix"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E8%AE%A9-%E9%9B%85%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E8%B4%9D%E5%86%85&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="让-雅克·贝内（页面不存在）">让-雅克·贝内</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Beineix" class="extiw" title="en:Jean-Jacques Beineix"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Jean-Jacques Beineix</span></a></span>）</span></span>的《<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="巴黎野玫瑰" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Betty Blue"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%B4%E9%BB%8E%E9%87%8E%E7%8E%AB%E7%91%B0&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="巴黎野玫瑰（页面不存在）">巴黎野玫瑰</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betty_Blue" class="extiw" title="en:Betty Blue"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Betty Blue</span></a></span>）</span></span>》、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%90%95%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E8%B4%9D%E6%9D%BE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="吕克·贝松">吕克·贝松</a>的《<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%A2%A7%E6%B5%B7%E8%97%8D%E5%A4%A9_(%E9%9B%BB%E5%BD%B1)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="碧海藍天 (電影)">碧海藍天</a>》和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%8E%B1%E5%A5%A5%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%8D%A1%E6%8B%89%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="莱奥斯·卡拉克斯">莱奥斯·卡拉克斯</a>的《<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E6%A1%A5%E6%81%8B%E4%BA%BA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="新桥恋人">新桥恋人</a>》。近年来法国电影趋向<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E5%85%83%E5%8C%96?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="多元化">多元化</a>。</p> <p>法国亦是欧洲乃至世界电影家们的聚集处之一，因此许多法国电影与国外电影家有着千丝万缕的联系。许多法国导演在海外有着较高影响力，参与外国电影的摄制，如<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="皮托夫" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Pitof"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E7%9A%AE%E6%89%98%E5%A4%AB&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="皮托夫（页面不存在）">皮托夫</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pitof" class="extiw" title="en:Pitof"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Pitof</span></a></span>）</span></span>的《<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%8C%AB%E5%A5%B3_(%E7%94%B5%E5%BD%B1)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="猫女 (电影)">猫女</a>》、<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="克里斯托夫·甘斯" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Christophe Gans"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%8B%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E6%89%98%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E7%94%98%E6%96%AF&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="克里斯托夫·甘斯（页面不存在）">克里斯托夫·甘斯</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christophe_Gans" class="extiw" title="en:Christophe Gans"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Christophe Gans</span></a></span>）</span></span>的《<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%AF%82%E9%9D%99%E5%B2%AD_(%E7%94%B5%E5%BD%B1)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="寂静岭 (电影)">寂静岭</a>》、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E4%BF%AE%C2%B7%E5%8D%A1%E7%B4%A2%E7%BB%B4%E8%8C%A8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="马修·卡索维茨">马修·卡索维茨</a>的《<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E6%AF%94%E5%80%AB%E5%AF%86%E7%A2%BC?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="巴比倫密碼">生死新纪元</a>》、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%B7%AF%E6%98%93%C2%B7%E5%8B%92%E6%B3%B0%E9%87%8C%E8%80%B6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="路易·勒泰里耶">路易·勒泰里耶</a>的《<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E5%B8%B8%E4%BA%BA%E8%B4%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="非常人贩">非常人贩</a>》（系列）以及<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%9A%AE%E8%80%B6%C2%B7%E8%8E%AB%E7%91%9E%E7%88%BE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="皮耶·莫瑞爾">皮耶·莫瑞爾</a>的《<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%A3%93%E9%A3%8E%E8%90%A5%E6%95%91?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="飓风营救">飓风营救</a>》（系列）等。相对应地，许多外国导演在法国电影界亦有着较高的地位，例如<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%85%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="波兰">波兰</a>的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E6%9B%BC%C2%B7%E6%B3%A2%E5%85%B0%E6%96%AF%E5%9F%BA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="罗曼·波兰斯基">罗曼·波兰斯基</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E6%97%A5%E4%BB%80%E6%89%98%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E5%9F%BA%E6%96%AF%E6%B4%9B%E5%A4%AB%E6%96%AF%E5%9F%BA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="克日什托夫·基斯洛夫斯基">克日什托夫·基斯洛夫斯基</a>和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%BE%B7%E7%83%88%C2%B7%E5%B7%A6%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF%E5%9F%BA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="安德烈·左拉斯基">安德烈·左拉斯基</a>，<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%A0%B9%E5%BB%B7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="阿根廷">阿根廷</a>的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%96%AF%E5%B8%95%C2%B7%E8%AF%BA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="加斯帕·诺">加斯帕·诺埃</a>和<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="埃德加多·科萨林斯基" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Edgardo Cozarinsky"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E5%9F%83%E5%BE%B7%E5%8A%A0%E5%A4%9A%C2%B7%E7%A7%91%E8%90%A8%E6%9E%97%E6%96%AF%E5%9F%BA&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="埃德加多·科萨林斯基（页面不存在）">埃德加多·科萨林斯基</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edgardo_Cozarinsky" class="extiw" title="en:Edgardo Cozarinsky"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Edgardo Cozarinsky</span></a></span>）</span></span>，<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="俄罗斯">俄罗斯</a>的<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="亚历山大·阿列克谢耶夫" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Alexandre Alexeieff"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%9A%E5%8E%86%E5%B1%B1%E5%A4%A7%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E5%88%97%E5%85%8B%E8%B0%A2%E8%80%B6%E5%A4%AB&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="亚历山大·阿列克谢耶夫（页面不存在）">亚历山大·阿列克谢耶夫</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandre_Alexeieff" class="extiw" title="en:Alexandre Alexeieff"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Alexandre Alexeieff</span></a></span>）</span></span>和<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="阿纳托尔·利特瓦克" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Anatole Litvak"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E7%BA%B3%E6%89%98%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%88%A9%E7%89%B9%E7%93%A6%E5%85%8B&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="阿纳托尔·利特瓦克（页面不存在）">阿纳托尔·利特瓦克</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatole_Litvak" class="extiw" title="en:Anatole Litvak"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Anatole Litvak</span></a></span>）</span></span>，<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E5%9C%B0%E5%88%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="奥地利">奥地利</a>的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%BF%88%E5%85%8B%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%93%88%E5%86%85%E5%85%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="迈克尔·哈内克">迈克尔·哈内克</a>以及<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E9%B2%81%E5%90%89%E4%BA%9A?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="格鲁吉亚">格鲁吉亚</a>的<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="杰拉·巴布鲁阿尼" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Géla Babluani"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%9D%B0%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E5%B7%B4%E5%B8%83%E9%B2%81%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%BC&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="杰拉·巴布鲁阿尼（页面不存在）">杰拉·巴布鲁阿尼</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%25C3%25A9la_Babluani" class="extiw" title="en:Géla Babluani"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Géla Babluani</span></a></span>）</span></span>和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E9%81%94%C2%B7%E4%BC%8A%E5%A5%A7%E5%A1%9E%E9%87%8C%E5%AE%89%E5%B0%BC?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="奧達·伊奧塞里安尼">奥達·伊奧塞里安尼</a>。</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="时尚"><span id=".E6.97.B6.E5.B0.9A"></span>时尚</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&section=42&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="编辑章节：时尚" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>编辑</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Channel_headquarters_bordercropped.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Channel_headquarters_bordercropped.jpg/170px-Channel_headquarters_bordercropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="764" data-file-height="1020"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 227px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Channel_headquarters_bordercropped.jpg/170px-Channel_headquarters_bordercropped.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="227" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Channel_headquarters_bordercropped.jpg/255px-Channel_headquarters_bordercropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Channel_headquarters_bordercropped.jpg/340px-Channel_headquarters_bordercropped.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> 巴黎<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%97%BA%E5%A4%9A%E5%A7%86%E5%B9%BF%E5%9C%BA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="旺多姆广场">旺多姆广场</a>的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E5%A5%88%E5%84%BF?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="香奈儿">香奈儿</a>总部 </figcaption> </figure> <p>法国自17世纪起就在世界<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%99%82%E5%B0%9A%E6%BD%AE%E6%B5%81?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="時尚潮流">时尚潮流</a>方面有着较大的影响力，<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E9%BB%8E?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="巴黎">巴黎</a>被视为世界四大时尚之都之一（巴黎、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BC%A6%E6%95%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="伦敦">伦敦</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%B1%B3%E5%85%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="米兰">米兰</a>和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%BA%BD%E7%BA%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="纽约">纽约</a>），是许多顶级时装店的总部所在地。<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%99%82%E5%B0%9A%E8%A8%AD%E8%A8%88?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="時尚設計">时尚设计</a>及时尚用品（如<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%A5%A2%E4%BE%88%E5%93%81?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="奢侈品">奢侈品</a>和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%A6%86%E5%93%81?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="化妆品">化妆品</a>）制造是法国的重要行业。其中，<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E7%B4%9A%E6%9C%8D%E8%A3%9D%E5%AE%9A%E8%A3%BD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="高級服裝定製">高级服装定制</a>起源于19世纪60年代，是专属的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%97%B6%E8%A3%85%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1%E5%B8%88?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="时装设计师">时装设计师</a>为穿戴者量身定制<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%99%82%E8%A3%9D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="時裝">时装</a>的服务，现为法国受法律保护、且拥有法定行业质量标准的行业。</p> <p>法国与时尚的联系源于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%B7%AF%E6%98%93%E5%8D%81%E5%9B%9B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="路易十四">路易十四</a>统治时期<sup id="cite_ref-378" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-378"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>359<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，当时法国的奢侈品行业在王室控制下蒸蒸日上，法国宫廷也便自然站在欧洲时尚的最前沿，成为欧洲时尚潮流的主宰。1860年至1960年的100年间，法国出现众多奢侈品及时装品牌，包括<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E5%A5%88%E5%84%BF?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="香奈儿">香奈儿</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E6%B1%80%C2%B7%E8%BF%AA%E5%A5%A5_(%E5%93%81%E7%89%8C)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="克里斯汀·迪奥 (品牌)">迪奥</a>和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%BA%AA%E6%A2%B5%E5%B8%8C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="纪梵希">纪梵希</a>，得以巩固其在时尚款式方面的主导地位。此外，法国的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B0%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="香水">香水</a>产业世界领先，众多香水制造商汇聚于小镇<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="格拉斯">格拉斯</a><sup id="cite_ref-379" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-379"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>360<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</p> <p>20世纪60年代，法国服装定制行业遭受<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E6%9C%88%E9%A3%8E%E6%9A%B4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="五月风暴">青年人的批评</a>，1966年，<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E5%9C%A3%E6%B4%9B%E6%9C%97?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="伊夫·圣洛朗">伊夫·圣洛朗</a>开创<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%88%90%E8%A1%A3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="成衣">成衣</a>生产线，将法国时装行业推向大规模生产时代。20世纪70年代至80年代，凭借对于营销和生产的专注，出现众多新兴时装设计师，如<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%A1%91%E9%BA%97%E5%8D%A1%C2%B7%E9%87%8C%E5%9F%BA%E8%80%B6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="桑麗卡·里基耶">桑丽卡·里基耶</a>、<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="蒂埃里·米格莱尔" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Thierry Mugler"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E8%92%82%E5%9F%83%E9%87%8C%C2%B7%E7%B1%B3%E6%A0%BC%E8%8E%B1%E5%B0%94&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="蒂埃里·米格莱尔（页面不存在）">蒂埃里·米格莱尔</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thierry_Mugler" class="extiw" title="en:Thierry Mugler"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Thierry Mugler</span></a></span>）</span></span>、<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="克洛德·蒙塔纳" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Claude Montana"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%8B%E6%B4%9B%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E8%92%99%E5%A1%94%E7%BA%B3&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="克洛德·蒙塔纳（页面不存在）">克洛德·蒙塔纳</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claude_Montana" class="extiw" title="en:Claude Montana"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Claude Montana</span></a></span>）</span></span>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%AE%A9-%E4%BF%9D%E7%BD%97%C2%B7%E9%AB%98%E7%BC%87%E8%80%B6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="让-保罗·高缇耶">让-保罗·高缇耶</a>和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E8%92%82%E5%AE%89%C2%B7%E6%8B%89%E5%85%8B%E9%B2%81%E7%93%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="克里斯蒂安·拉克鲁瓦">克里斯蒂安·拉克鲁瓦</a>。20世纪90年代，跨国奢侈品行业巨头兴起（例如<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%85%A9%E6%82%A6%C2%B7%E8%BD%A9%E5%B0%BC%E8%AF%97%EF%BC%8D%E8%B7%AF%E6%98%93%C2%B7%E5%A8%81%E7%99%BB%E9%9B%86%E5%9B%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="酩悦·轩尼诗－路易·威登集团">酩悦·轩尼诗－路易·威登集团</a>），掀起收购与合并潮。</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="媒体"><span id=".E5.AA.92.E4.BD.93"></span>媒体</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&section=43&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="编辑章节：媒体" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>编辑</span> </a> </span> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> 参见：<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E9%9B%BB%E8%A6%96?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法國電視">法國電視</a> </div> <p>法国最为畅销的报纸包括《<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E9%BB%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%8A%A5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="巴黎人报">巴黎人报</a>》《<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E6%8A%A5_(%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="世界报 (法国)">世界报</a>》和《<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%B4%B9%E5%8A%A0%E7%BD%97%E6%8A%A5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="费加罗报">费加罗报</a>》<sup id="cite_ref-380" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-380"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>361<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。其中《费加罗报》拥有国内数一数二的发行量，以及大约30万份的日销量。此外，<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BD%93%E8%82%B2%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="体育运动">体育</a>报纸《<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%98%9F%E6%8A%A5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="队报">队报</a>》亦广受欢迎<sup id="cite_ref-381" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-381"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>362<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。近年来，<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%85%8D%E8%B2%BB%E5%A0%B1%E7%B4%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="免費報紙">免费报纸</a>在法国大获成功，例如《<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%83%BD%E5%B8%82%E6%97%A5%E6%8A%A5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="都市日报">都市日报</a>》和《<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="二十分钟报" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="20 minutes (France)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%8C%E5%8D%81%E5%88%86%E9%92%9F%E6%8A%A5&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="二十分钟报（页面不存在）">二十分钟报</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/20_minutes_(France)" class="extiw" title="en:20 minutes (France)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">20 minutes (France)</span></a></span>）</span></span>》，分别拥有多于65万的发行量<sup id="cite_ref-382" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-382"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>363<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。地方报纸往往拥有更大的销量，《<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="西法兰西报" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Ouest-France"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E8%A5%BF%E6%8A%A5&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="西法兰西报（页面不存在）">西法兰西报</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ouest-France" class="extiw" title="en:Ouest-France"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Ouest-France</span></a></span>）</span></span>》拥有75万的日销量，为全国最多<sup id="cite_ref-383" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-383"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>364<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-384" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-384"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>365<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。法国全国上下共有400多种不同种类的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%91%A8%E5%88%8A?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="周刊">周刊</a>发行<sup id="cite_ref-385" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-385"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>366<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。法国最具影响力的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E%E9%9B%9C%E8%AA%8C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="新聞雜誌">新闻杂志</a>周刊有<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%B7%A6%E6%B4%BE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="左派">左派</a>的《<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E8%A7%80%E5%AF%9F%E5%AE%B6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="新觀察家">新观察家</a>》、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E9%97%B4%E6%B4%BE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="中间派">中间派</a>的《<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%BF%AB%E6%8A%A5_(%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="快报 (法国)">快报</a>》和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8F%B3%E6%B4%BE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="右派">右派</a>的《<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="观点 (新闻杂志)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Le Point"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E8%A7%82%E7%82%B9_(%E6%96%B0%E9%97%BB%E6%9D%82%E5%BF%97)&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="观点 (新闻杂志)（页面不存在）">观点</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_Point" class="extiw" title="en:Le Point"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Le Point</span></a></span>）</span></span>》（拥有多于40万的发行量）<sup id="cite_ref-386" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-386"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>367<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。而女性杂志往往拥有较大的发行量，例如《<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E9%BA%97%E4%BD%B3%E4%BA%BA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="美麗佳人">美丽佳人</a>》和《<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ELLE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ELLE">ELLE</a>》，其中《ELLE》拥有多种外语版本。其它影响力较大的周刊包括具有调查研究性及<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%AE%BD%E5%88%BA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="讽刺">讽刺性</a>的《<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%B4%A8%E9%B3%B4%E5%A0%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="鴨鳴報">鸭鸣报</a>》《<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%9F%A5%E7%90%86%E5%91%A8%E5%88%8A?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="查理周刊">查理周刊</a>》和《<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E9%BB%8E%E7%AB%B6%E8%B3%BD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="巴黎競賽">巴黎競賽</a>》。与众多其他工业化国家相同，近数十年来印刷媒体面临不景气和衰落的局面。2008年，法国政府发起行动，以帮助印刷媒体进行部门改革和实现经济独立<sup id="cite_ref-387" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-387"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>368<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-388" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-388"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>369<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，但在2009年，政府不得不给予相关媒体60万欧元的额外补助，以帮助其度过<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2007%E5%B9%B4%E2%80%932008%E5%B9%B4%E7%92%B0%E7%90%83%E9%87%91%E8%9E%8D%E5%8D%B1%E6%A9%9F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="2007年–2008年環球金融危機">环球金融危机</a><sup id="cite_ref-389" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-389"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>370<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</p> <p>1974年，在经历数年的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%B9%BF%E6%92%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="广播">广播</a><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E8%A7%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="电视">电视</a>集中垄断后，<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="法国广播电视局" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Office de Radiodiffusion Télévision Française"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E5%B9%BF%E6%92%AD%E7%94%B5%E8%A7%86%E5%B1%80&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="法国广播电视局（页面不存在）">法国广播电视局</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Office_de_Radiodiffusion_T%25C3%25A9l%25C3%25A9vision_Fran%25C3%25A7aise" class="extiw" title="en:Office de Radiodiffusion Télévision Française"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Office de Radiodiffusion Télévision Française</span></a></span>）</span></span>分为数个国有媒体主体，包括3个<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E8%A7%86%E9%A2%91%E9%81%93?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="电视频道">电视频道</a>和四个国有<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%B9%BF%E6%92%AD%E7%94%B5%E5%8F%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="广播电台">广播电台</a><sup id="cite_ref-390" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-390"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>371<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-mediapol_391-0" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-mediapol-391"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>372<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。1981年政府允许广播自由，结束政府在广播界的垄断<sup id="cite_ref-mediapol_391-1" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-mediapol-391"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>372<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。在随后的二十年内，随着一些商业频道的建立，电视媒体从而被部分私有化，大多为<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E7%BA%BF%E7%94%B5%E8%A7%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="有线电视">有线</a>及<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%AB%E6%98%9F%E7%94%B5%E8%A7%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="卫星电视">卫星电视</a>。2005年法国电视实现<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97%E7%94%B5%E8%A7%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="数字电视">数字化</a>。现有的四个国有电视频道由<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E9%9B%BB%E8%A6%96%E5%8F%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法國電視台">法国电视台</a>进行运作，而<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E5%B9%BF%E6%92%AD%E7%94%B5%E5%8F%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法国广播电台">法国广播电台</a>则负责五个国有广播电台的运作。法国国内收视率较高的电视台有<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E9%9B%BB%E8%A6%96%E4%B8%80%E5%8F%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法國電視一台">法国电视一台</a>（1987年实现私有化）、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E7%94%B5%E8%A7%86%E4%BA%8C%E5%8F%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法国电视二台">法国电视二台</a>和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E9%9B%BB%E8%A6%96%E4%B8%89%E5%8F%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法國電視三台">法國電視三台</a>；<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/RTL%E9%9B%BB%E8%A6%96%E5%8F%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="RTL電視台">RTL</a>、<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Europe 1" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Europe 1"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Europe_1&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Europe 1（页面不存在）">Europe 1</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europe_1" class="extiw" title="en:Europe 1"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Europe 1</span></a></span>）</span></span>和<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="France Inter" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="France Inter"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=France_Inter&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="France Inter（页面不存在）">France Inter</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France_Inter" class="extiw" title="en:France Inter"><span lang="en" dir="auto">France Inter</span></a></span>）</span></span>则是较为著名的广播电台。国际性电视台及广播台方面，<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E5%B9%BF%E6%92%AD%E7%94%B5%E5%8F%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法国国际广播电台">法国国际广播电台</a>用多种语言向全世界进行广播；<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E9%9B%BB%E8%A6%96%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E4%BA%94%E5%8F%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法國電視國際五台">法國電視國際五台</a>则是全球性的法语<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E8%A6%96%E7%B6%B2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="電視網">电视网</a>；<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD24?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="法国24">法国24</a>负责提供国际新闻时事，有英语、法语和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E8%AF%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="阿拉伯语">阿拉伯语</a>三个语言版本。</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="饮食"><span id=".E9.A5.AE.E9.A3.9F"></span>饮食</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&section=44&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="编辑章节：饮食" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>编辑</span> </a> </span> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> 主条目：<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E9%A3%B2%E9%A3%9F%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法國飲食文化">法國飲食文化</a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Foie_gras_en_cocotte.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Foie_gras_en_cocotte.jpg/220px-Foie_gras_en_cocotte.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Foie_gras_en_cocotte.jpg/220px-Foie_gras_en_cocotte.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Foie_gras_en_cocotte.jpg/330px-Foie_gras_en_cocotte.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Foie_gras_en_cocotte.jpg/440px-Foie_gras_en_cocotte.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> 掺有<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%8A%A5%E8%8F%9C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="芥菜">芥菜</a>籽、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%91%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="大葱">大葱</a>和鸭汁的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%B9%85%E8%82%9D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="鹅肝">鹅肝</a>。鹅肝是法国受保护的美食遗产<sup id="cite_ref-392" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-392"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>373<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </figcaption> </figure> <p>法国是世界著名的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%A5%AE%E9%A3%9F%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="饮食文化">饮食文化</a>大国<sup id="cite_ref-393" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-393"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>374<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-394" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-394"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>375<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，法国菜在全世界广为流传，是世界上最受欢迎的菜系之一。<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E9%85%92?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法国葡萄酒">法国葡萄酒</a>是法国菜中的主要饮品<sup id="cite_ref-395" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-395"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>376<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，包括<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%A7%9F%E9%85%92?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="香槟酒">香槟酒</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%B0%94%E5%A4%9A%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E9%85%92?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="波尔多葡萄酒">波尔多酒</a>、<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="勃艮第葡萄酒" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Burgundy wine"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E5%8B%83%E8%89%AE%E7%AC%AC%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E9%85%92&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="勃艮第葡萄酒（页面不存在）">勃艮第酒</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burgundy_wine" class="extiw" title="en:Burgundy wine"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Burgundy wine</span></a></span>）</span></span>和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%96%84%E9%85%92%E8%8E%B1%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E9%85%92?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="薄酒莱葡萄酒">薄酒莱酒</a>等。<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%B9%B2%E9%85%AA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="干酪">奶酪</a>是法国菜的主要食品之一，种类有多于400种<sup id="cite_ref-396" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-396"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>377<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-397" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-397"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>378<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，例如<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E8%8A%92%E8%B4%9D%E5%B0%94%E5%A5%B6%E9%85%AA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="卡芒贝尔奶酪">卡芒贝尔奶酪</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E5%85%8B%E7%A6%8F%E5%A5%B6%E9%85%AA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="罗克福奶酪">罗克福奶酪</a>和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E5%88%A9%E4%B9%BE%E9%85%AA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="布利乾酪">布利奶酪</a>。法国菜的一些基本配方因地区而异，例如北方偏好<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%BB%84%E6%B2%B9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="黄油">黄油</a>，而南方偏好<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%A9%84%E6%AC%96%E6%B2%B9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="橄欖油">橄榄油</a><sup id="cite_ref-398" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-398"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>379<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。而且，法国的许多地区都有自己的标志性菜肴，东北部的美食以海产为最佳；西部地区的诺曼底羊肉独具风格，此地生产的牛奶和苹果能分别制成乳制品和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E5%85%B0%E5%9C%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="白兰地">白兰地</a>；中部地区的美食以里昂闻名，当地农产品丰富，有知名的伯黑斯鸡、墨冯山区的干火腿；西南部的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E9%85%A5%E4%BE%86%E7%A0%82%E9%8D%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="卡酥來砂鍋">卡酥来砂锅</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E8%90%A8%E6%96%AF?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="阿尔萨斯">阿尔萨斯</a>的<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="阿尔萨斯酸菜" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Choucroute"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E8%90%A8%E6%96%AF%E9%85%B8%E8%8F%9C&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="阿尔萨斯酸菜（页面不存在）">阿尔萨斯酸菜</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Choucroute" class="extiw" title="en:Choucroute"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Choucroute</span></a></span>）</span></span>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B4%9B%E6%9E%97?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="洛林">洛林</a>的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%BC%8F%E9%B9%B9%E6%B4%BE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法式鹹派">法式咸派</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8B%83%E8%89%AE%E7%AC%AC?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="勃艮第">勃艮第</a>的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%B4%85%E9%85%92%E7%87%89%E7%89%9B%E8%82%89?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="紅酒燉牛肉">红酒炖牛肉</a>和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E7%BD%97%E6%97%BA%E6%96%AF?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="普罗旺斯">普罗旺斯</a>的<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="橄榄酱" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Tapenade"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%A9%84%E6%A6%84%E9%85%B1&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="橄榄酱（页面不存在）">橄榄酱</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tapenade" class="extiw" title="en:Tapenade"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Tapenade</span></a></span>）</span></span>各具特色。</p> <p>法国人就餐讲究礼仪，一般第一道菜是开胃浓汤（soupe），然后是冷盘（hors-d'œuvre），接着才是主菜（plat de résistance），最后是甜点（dessert），<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%9D%A2%E5%8C%85?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="面包">面包</a>随时取用<sup id="cite_ref-399" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-399"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>380<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。冷盘菜肴有<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%AD%9A%E9%86%AC?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="魚醬">罗勒三文鱼肉酱</a>、龙虾汤、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%B9%85%E8%82%9D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="鹅肝">鹅肝</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%BC%8F%E6%B4%8B%E8%94%A5%E6%B9%AF?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法式洋蔥湯">法式洋葱汤</a>或<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="法式三明治" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Croque-monsieur"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E5%BC%8F%E4%B8%89%E6%98%8E%E6%B2%BB&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="法式三明治（页面不存在）">法式三明治</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croque-monsieur" class="extiw" title="en:Croque-monsieur"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Croque-monsieur</span></a></span>）</span></span>等。主菜有<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E4%B8%8A%E9%94%85?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="火上锅">火上锅</a>或<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="牛排炸薯条" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Steak frites"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%9B%E6%8E%92%E7%82%B8%E8%96%AF%E6%9D%A1&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="牛排炸薯条（页面不存在）">牛排炸薯条</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steak_frites" class="extiw" title="en:Steak frites"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Steak frites</span></a></span>）</span></span>等。甜点有<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%BC%8F%E5%8D%83%E5%B1%A4%E9%85%A5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法式千層酥">法式千层酥</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E5%8D%A1%E9%BE%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="馬卡龍">马卡龙</a>、<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="法式泡芙" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Éclair"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E5%BC%8F%E6%B3%A1%E8%8A%99&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="法式泡芙（页面不存在）">法式泡芙</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C3%2589clair" class="extiw" title="en:Éclair"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Éclair</span></a></span>）</span></span>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%BC%8F%E7%87%89%E8%9B%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="法式燉蛋">法式炖蛋</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%85%95%E6%96%AF?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="慕斯">慕斯</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E9%BA%97%E9%A4%85?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="可麗餅">可丽饼</a>或<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="列日咖啡" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Café liégeois"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E5%88%97%E6%97%A5%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="列日咖啡（页面不存在）">列日咖啡</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caf%25C3%25A9_li%25C3%25A9geois" class="extiw" title="en:Café liégeois"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Café liégeois</span></a></span>）</span></span>等。其它具有特色的食品还有<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%9D%92%E8%9B%99%E8%85%BF?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="青蛙腿">青蛙腿</a>、炖鸡（coq au vin）、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E8%9C%97%E7%89%9B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="法国蜗牛">法国蜗牛</a>和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B2%B9%E5%B0%81%E9%B4%A8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="油封鴨">油封鸭</a>等；主食主要是<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%9D%A2%E5%8C%85?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="面包">面包</a>，具有法国特色的面包有<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%89%9B%E8%A7%92%E9%9D%A2%E5%8C%85?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="牛角面包">牛角面包</a>和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%BC%8F%E9%95%BF%E6%A3%8D%E9%9D%A2%E5%8C%85?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法式长棍面包">法式长棍面包</a>。法国人在餐前喝<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%88%A9%E5%8F%A3%E9%85%92?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="利口酒">利口酒</a>，餐中水产和禽类菜配<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%B9%B2%E7%99%BD%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E9%85%92?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="干白葡萄酒">干白葡萄酒</a>，肉类菜配<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%B9%B2%E7%BA%A2%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E9%85%92?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="干红葡萄酒">干红葡萄酒</a>。法国人的就餐礼仪已经成为西方宴会的经典模式。</p> <p>著名的出版物《<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%B1%B3%E5%85%B6%E6%9E%97%E6%8C%87%E5%8D%97?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="米其林指南">米其林指南</a>》以星级评定的方式对餐厅及旅馆进行评鉴<sup id="cite_ref-400" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-400"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>381<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，星级的上调和下调可以显著地影响餐厅的商业前途。截至2006年，《米其林指南》已向法国餐厅发放有620颗星，在当时要多于其他所有国家（自2010年起有被<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="日本">日本</a>赶超之势）<sup id="cite_ref-401" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-401"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>382<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-402" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-402"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>383<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</p> <p>法国亦是一大<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%95%A4%E9%85%92?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="啤酒">啤酒</a>生产国，主要的啤酒产地有<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E8%90%A8%E6%96%AF?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="阿尔萨斯">阿尔萨斯</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E9%83%A8-%E5%8A%A0%E6%9D%A5%E6%B5%B7%E5%B3%A1%E5%A4%A7%E5%8C%BA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="北部-加来海峡大区">北部-加来海峡</a>和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B4%9B%E6%9E%97?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="洛林">洛林</a>，其中阿尔萨斯为主要产地，占全国产量的60%。</p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:French_taste_of_wines.JPG?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="法国葡萄酒"> <noscript> <img alt="法国葡萄酒" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/French_taste_of_wines.JPG/240px-French_taste_of_wines.JPG" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 160px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/French_taste_of_wines.JPG/240px-French_taste_of_wines.JPG" data-alt="法国葡萄酒" data-width="160" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/French_taste_of_wines.JPG/360px-French_taste_of_wines.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/French_taste_of_wines.JPG/480px-French_taste_of_wines.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E9%85%92?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法国葡萄酒">法国葡萄酒</a> </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 92px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 90px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Frenchonionsoupbirmingham.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="法式洋葱汤"> <noscript> <img alt="法式洋葱汤" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Frenchonionsoupbirmingham.jpg/135px-Frenchonionsoupbirmingham.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="960"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 90px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Frenchonionsoupbirmingham.jpg/135px-Frenchonionsoupbirmingham.jpg" data-alt="法式洋葱汤" data-width="90" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Frenchonionsoupbirmingham.jpg/202px-Frenchonionsoupbirmingham.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Frenchonionsoupbirmingham.jpg/270px-Frenchonionsoupbirmingham.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%BC%8F%E6%B4%8B%E8%94%A5%E6%B9%AF?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法式洋蔥湯">法式洋葱汤</a> </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:200501_-_6_fromages.JPG?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="法式奶酪"> <noscript> <img alt="法式奶酪" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/200501_-_6_fromages.JPG/240px-200501_-_6_fromages.JPG" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 160px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/200501_-_6_fromages.JPG/240px-200501_-_6_fromages.JPG" data-alt="法式奶酪" data-width="160" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/200501_-_6_fromages.JPG/360px-200501_-_6_fromages.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/200501_-_6_fromages.JPG/480px-200501_-_6_fromages.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> 法式<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%A5%B6%E9%85%AA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="奶酪">奶酪</a> </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 91.333333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 89.333333333333px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Creme_Brulee.jpeg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="法式炖蛋"> <noscript> <img alt="法式炖蛋" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Creme_Brulee.jpeg/134px-Creme_Brulee.jpeg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1936" data-file-height="2592"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 90px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Creme_Brulee.jpeg/134px-Creme_Brulee.jpeg" data-alt="法式炖蛋" data-width="90" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Creme_Brulee.jpeg/202px-Creme_Brulee.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Creme_Brulee.jpeg/269px-Creme_Brulee.jpeg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%BC%8F%E7%87%89%E8%9B%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="法式燉蛋">法式炖蛋</a> </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Quiche.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="法式咸派"> <noscript> <img alt="法式咸派" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Quiche.jpg/240px-Quiche.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 160px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Quiche.jpg/240px-Quiche.jpg" data-alt="法式咸派" data-width="160" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Quiche.jpg/360px-Quiche.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Quiche.jpg/480px-Quiche.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%BC%8F%E9%B9%B9%E6%B4%BE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法式鹹派">法式咸派</a> </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Arc-en-ciel_comestible.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="马卡龙"> <noscript> <img alt="马卡龙" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Arc-en-ciel_comestible.jpg/270px-Arc-en-ciel_comestible.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4272" data-file-height="2848"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 180px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Arc-en-ciel_comestible.jpg/270px-Arc-en-ciel_comestible.jpg" data-alt="马卡龙" data-width="180" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Arc-en-ciel_comestible.jpg/405px-Arc-en-ciel_comestible.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Arc-en-ciel_comestible.jpg/540px-Arc-en-ciel_comestible.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E5%8D%A1%E9%BE%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="馬卡龍">马卡龙</a> </div></li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="体育"><span id=".E4.BD.93.E8.82.B2"></span>体育</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&section=45&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="编辑章节：体育" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>编辑</span> </a> </span> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> 主条目：<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E9%AB%94%E8%82%B2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法國體育">法國體育</a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:TourDeFrance_2005_07_09.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/TourDeFrance_2005_07_09.jpg/220px-TourDeFrance_2005_07_09.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="175" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2143" data-file-height="1709"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 175px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/TourDeFrance_2005_07_09.jpg/220px-TourDeFrance_2005_07_09.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="175" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/TourDeFrance_2005_07_09.jpg/330px-TourDeFrance_2005_07_09.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/TourDeFrance_2005_07_09.jpg/440px-TourDeFrance_2005_07_09.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> 1903年起，法国每年都会举办<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%8E%AF%E6%B3%95%E8%87%AA%E8%A1%8C%E8%BD%A6%E8%B5%9B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="环法自行车赛">环法自行车赛</a>，它是世界最为著名的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E8%B7%AF%E8%87%AA%E8%A1%8C%E8%BD%A6%E8%B5%9B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="公路自行车赛">公路自行车赛</a><sup id="cite_ref-403" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-403"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>384<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </figcaption> </figure> <p>法国流行的体育运动<sup id="cite_ref-404" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-404"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>385<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>有<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%B6%B3%E7%90%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="足球">足球</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%9F%94%E9%81%93?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="柔道">柔道</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%BD%91%E7%90%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="网球">网球</a><sup id="cite_ref-405" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-405"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>386<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%A9%84%E6%A6%84%E7%90%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="橄榄球">橄榄球</a>。法国主办了<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1938%E5%B9%B4%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E6%9D%AF%E8%B6%B3%E7%90%83%E8%B5%9B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1938年世界杯足球赛">1938年</a>和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1998%E5%B9%B4%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E6%9D%AF%E8%B6%B3%E7%90%83%E8%B5%9B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1998年世界杯足球赛">1998年</a>的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E6%9D%AF%E8%B6%B3%E7%90%83%E8%B5%9B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="世界杯足球赛">世界杯足球赛</a><sup id="cite_ref-406" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-406"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>387<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2007%E5%B9%B4%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E7%9B%83%E6%A9%84%E6%AC%96%E7%90%83%E8%B3%BD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2007年世界盃橄欖球賽">2007年世界杯橄榄球赛</a><sup id="cite_ref-407" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-407"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>388<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>以及<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2016%E5%B9%B4%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E6%9D%AF?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="2016年欧洲杯">2016年欧洲杯足球赛</a>。<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E4%BD%86%E5%B0%BC_(%E5%A1%9E%E7%BA%B3-%E5%9C%A3%E4%BD%86%E5%B0%BC%E7%9C%81)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="圣但尼 (塞纳-圣但尼省)">圣但尼</a>的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E8%A5%BF%E4%BD%93%E8%82%B2%E5%9C%BA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="法兰西体育场">法兰西体育场</a>是法国最大的体育场，也是1998年世界杯足球赛、2007年橄榄球世界杯和2016年欧洲杯足球赛的决赛场馆。1903年起，法国每年都会举办<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%8E%AF%E6%B3%95%E8%87%AA%E8%A1%8C%E8%BD%A6%E8%B5%9B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="环法自行车赛">环法自行车赛</a>，它是世界最为著名的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E8%B7%AF%E8%87%AA%E8%A1%8C%E8%BD%A6%E8%B5%9B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="公路自行车赛">公路自行车赛</a><sup id="cite_ref-408" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-408"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>389<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-409" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-409"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>390<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。除此之外，<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8B%92%E8%8A%9224%E5%B0%8F%E6%97%B6%E8%80%90%E5%8A%9B%E8%B5%9B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="勒芒24小时耐力赛">勒芒24小时耐力赛</a>（<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="原型賽車" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Sports prototype"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E5%8E%9F%E5%9E%8B%E8%B3%BD%E8%BB%8A&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="原型賽車（页面不存在）">原型賽車</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sports_prototype" class="extiw" title="en:Sports prototype"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Sports prototype</span></a></span>）</span></span>与<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%88%BF%E8%BB%8A%E8%B3%BD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="房車賽">房車</a><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="耐力賽 (賽車)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Endurance racing (motorsport)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E8%80%90%E5%8A%9B%E8%B3%BD_(%E8%B3%BD%E8%BB%8A)&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="耐力賽 (賽車)（页面不存在）">耐力賽</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endurance_racing_(motorsport)" class="extiw" title="en:Endurance racing (motorsport)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Endurance racing (motorsport)</span></a></span>）</span></span>）也颇负盛名<sup id="cite_ref-410" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-410"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>391<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。网球方面，法国主办有<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E7%BD%91%E7%90%83%E5%85%AC%E5%BC%80%E8%B5%9B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法国网球公开赛">法国网球公开赛</a>（<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%BB%BF%E8%B2%AB_(%E7%B6%B2%E7%90%83)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="大滿貫 (網球)">大满贯赛事</a>之一）和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E9%BB%8E%E5%A4%A7%E5%B8%AB%E8%B3%BD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="巴黎大師賽">巴黎大师赛</a>。<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E8%B8%A2%E8%85%BF%E8%A1%93?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法國踢腿術">法国踢腿术</a>和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%87%BB%E5%89%91?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="击剑">击剑</a>则是源自法国的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%AD%A6%E6%9C%AF?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="武术">武术</a>。</p> <p>现代奥林匹克运动会与法国渊源深厚。<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%9A%AE%E5%9F%83%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E9%A1%BE%E6%8B%9C%E6%97%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="皮埃尔·德·顾拜旦">顾拜旦男爵</a>是现代奥运会的奠基人，他于19世纪末主导举办现代奥运会<sup id="cite_ref-411" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-411"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>392<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Olympic_412-0" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Olympic-412"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>393<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1896%E5%B9%B4%E5%A4%8F%E5%AD%A3%E5%A5%A5%E6%9E%97%E5%8C%B9%E5%85%8B%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8%E4%BC%9A?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1896年夏季奥林匹克运动会">1896年雅典奥运会</a>闭幕后，<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E9%BB%8E?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="巴黎">巴黎</a>成为<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1900%E5%B9%B4%E5%A4%8F%E5%AD%A3%E5%A5%A5%E6%9E%97%E5%8C%B9%E5%85%8B%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8%E4%BC%9A?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1900年夏季奥林匹克运动会">1900年夏季奥运会</a>的主办地<sup id="cite_ref-413" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-413"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>394<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。巴黎是<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E5%A5%A5%E6%9E%97%E5%8C%B9%E5%85%8B%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="国际奥林匹克委员会">国际奥林匹克委员会</a>（现位于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E5%A3%AB?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="瑞士">瑞士</a><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B4%9B%E6%A1%91?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="洛桑">洛桑</a>）的第一个总部<sup id="cite_ref-414" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-414"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>395<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。除1900年外，法国还举办了<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1924%E5%B9%B4%E5%A4%8F%E5%AD%A3%E5%A5%A5%E6%9E%97%E5%8C%B9%E5%85%8B%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8%E4%BC%9A?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1924年夏季奥林匹克运动会">1924年巴黎夏奥会</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1924%E5%B9%B4%E5%86%AC%E5%AD%A3%E5%A5%A5%E6%9E%97%E5%8C%B9%E5%85%8B%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8%E4%BC%9A?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1924年冬季奥林匹克运动会">1924年霞慕尼冬奥会</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1968%E5%B9%B4%E5%86%AC%E5%AD%A3%E5%A5%A5%E6%9E%97%E5%8C%B9%E5%85%8B%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8%E4%BC%9A?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1968年冬季奥林匹克运动会">1968年格勒诺布尔冬奥会</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1992%E5%B9%B4%E5%86%AC%E5%AD%A3%E5%A5%A5%E6%9E%97%E5%8C%B9%E5%85%8B%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8%E4%BC%9A?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1992年冬季奥林匹克运动会">1992年阿尔贝维尔冬奥会</a>和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2024%E5%B9%B4%E5%A4%8F%E5%AD%A3%E5%A5%A5%E6%9E%97%E5%8C%B9%E5%85%8B%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8%E4%BC%9A?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2024年夏季奥林匹克运动会">2024年夏季奧運會</a><sup id="cite_ref-Olympic_412-1" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Olympic-412"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>393<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:France_champion_of_the_Football_World_Cup_Russia_2018.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/France_champion_of_the_Football_World_Cup_Russia_2018.jpg/220px-France_champion_of_the_Football_World_Cup_Russia_2018.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1880" data-file-height="1160"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 136px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/France_champion_of_the_Football_World_Cup_Russia_2018.jpg/220px-France_champion_of_the_Football_World_Cup_Russia_2018.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="136" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/France_champion_of_the_Football_World_Cup_Russia_2018.jpg/330px-France_champion_of_the_Football_World_Cup_Russia_2018.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/France_champion_of_the_Football_World_Cup_Russia_2018.jpg/440px-France_champion_of_the_Football_World_Cup_Russia_2018.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E8%B6%B3%E7%90%83%E9%98%9F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="法国国家足球队">法国国家足球队</a>夺得<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2018%E5%B9%B4%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E8%B6%B3%E5%8D%94%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E7%9B%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2018年國際足協世界盃">2018年國際足協世界盃</a>冠军 </figcaption> </figure> <p><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E8%B6%B3%E7%90%83%E9%98%9F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="法国国家足球队">法国国家足球队</a>和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E6%A9%84%E6%AC%96%E7%90%83%E9%9A%8A?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法國國家橄欖球隊">法国国家橄榄球队</a>都有着“蓝衣军团”（Les Bleus）的昵称，源于其比赛服上取自<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E6%97%97?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法国国旗">法国国旗</a>的蓝色。<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%B6%B3%E7%90%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="足球">足球</a>是法国最为流行的运动。法国拥有超过1,800,000名<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%B6%B3%E7%90%83%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8%E5%91%98?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="足球运动员">注册球员</a>以及超过18,000家<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%B6%B3%E7%90%83%E4%BF%B1%E4%B9%90%E9%83%A8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="足球俱乐部">注册俱乐部</a><sup id="cite_ref-415" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-415"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>396<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。法国国家足球队是世界上最为成功的足球国家队之一，于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1998%E5%B9%B4%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E8%B6%B3%E5%8D%94%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E7%9B%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1998年國際足協世界盃">1998年本土世界杯</a><sup id="cite_ref-416" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-416"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>397<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2018%E5%B9%B4%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E8%B6%B3%E5%8D%94%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E7%9B%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2018年國際足協世界盃">2018年俄罗斯世界杯</a>二次夺得冠军<sup id="cite_ref-417" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-417"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>398<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2006%E5%B9%B4%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E6%9D%AF%E8%B6%B3%E7%90%83%E8%B5%9B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="2006年世界杯足球赛">2006年</a>和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2022%E5%B9%B4%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E8%B6%B3%E5%8D%94%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E7%9B%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2022年國際足協世界盃">2022年</a>夺得亚军<sup id="cite_ref-418" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-418"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>399<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。同时，<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1984%E5%B9%B4%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E8%B6%B3%E7%90%83%E9%94%A6%E6%A0%87%E8%B5%9B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1984年欧洲足球锦标赛">1984年</a><sup id="cite_ref-419" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-419"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>400<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2000%E5%B9%B4%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E6%9D%AF%E8%B6%B3%E7%90%83%E8%B5%9B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="2000年欧洲杯足球赛">2000年</a><sup id="cite_ref-420" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-420"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>401<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E6%9D%AF%E8%B6%B3%E7%90%83%E8%B5%9B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-disambig" title="欧洲杯足球赛">欧洲杯足球赛</a>冠军亦归属于法国。<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E8%B6%B3%E7%90%83%E7%94%B2%E7%BA%A7%E8%81%94%E8%B5%9B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法国足球甲级联赛">法国足球甲级联赛</a>是法国足球的顶级俱乐部联赛。法国亦培养出一些世界顶级的足球运动员，<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%BD%90%E5%86%85%E4%B8%81%C2%B7%E9%BD%90%E8%BE%BE%E5%86%85?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="齐内丁·齐达内">齐内丁·齐达内</a>是三届<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E8%B6%B3%E7%90%83%E5%85%88%E7%94%9F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="世界足球先生">世界足球先生</a>得主，<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%B1%B3%E6%AD%87%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E6%99%AE%E6%8B%89%E8%92%82%E5%B0%BC?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="米歇尔·普拉蒂尼">米歇尔·普拉蒂尼</a>是三届<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%87%91%E7%90%83%E5%A5%96_(%E8%B6%B3%E7%90%83)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="金球奖 (足球)">金球奖</a>得主，<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%9C%B1%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E6%96%B9%E4%B8%B9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="朱斯特·方丹">朱斯特·方丹</a>是前<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E6%9D%AF%E8%B6%B3%E7%90%83%E8%B5%9B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="世界杯足球赛">世界杯足球赛</a>进球纪录保持者（13球），<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%9B%B7%E8%92%99%C2%B7%E7%A7%91%E5%B8%95?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="雷蒙·科帕">雷蒙·科帕</a>是首位获得<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E8%8D%A3%E8%AA%89%E5%86%9B%E5%9B%A2%E5%8B%8B%E7%AB%A0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="法国荣誉军团勋章">法国荣誉军团勋章</a>的足球运动员，而<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%92%82%E5%9F%83%E9%87%8C%C2%B7%E4%BA%A8%E5%88%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="蒂埃里·亨利">蒂埃里·亨利</a>则是法国国家足球队的进球纪录保持者<sup id="cite_ref-421" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-421"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>402<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</p> <p><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E5%BC%8F%E6%A9%84%E6%A6%84%E7%90%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="联合式橄榄球">联合式橄榄球</a>在<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E9%BB%8E?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="巴黎">巴黎</a>和法国西南部最为流行<sup id="cite_ref-422" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-422"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>403<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E6%A9%84%E6%AC%96%E7%90%83%E9%9A%8A?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法國國家橄欖球隊">法国国家橄榄球队</a>从未缺席过<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E7%9B%83%E6%A9%84%E6%AC%96%E7%90%83%E8%B3%BD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="世界盃橄欖球賽">世界杯橄榄球赛</a>赛事，同时也是<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%85%AD%E5%9C%8B%E9%8C%A6%E6%A8%99%E8%B3%BD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="六國錦標賽">六国锦标赛</a>的成员之一。法国国家橄榄球队是16届六国锦标赛冠军，夺得过8次<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="大满贯 (橄榄球)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Grand Slam (rugby union)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A7%E6%BB%A1%E8%B4%AF_(%E6%A9%84%E6%A6%84%E7%90%83)&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="大满贯 (橄榄球)（页面不存在）">大满贯</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Slam_(rugby_union)" class="extiw" title="en:Grand Slam (rugby union)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Grand Slam (rugby union)</span></a></span>）</span></span>，在橄榄球世界杯中6次打进半决赛、3次打入决赛。<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Top 14" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Top 14"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Top_14&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Top 14（页面不存在）">Top 14</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Top_14" class="extiw" title="en:Top 14"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Top 14</span></a></span>）</span></span>是法国橄榄球的顶级俱乐部赛事。<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%81%94%E7%9B%9F%E5%BC%8F%E6%A9%84%E6%A6%84%E7%90%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="联盟式橄榄球">联盟式橄榄球</a>在法国南部城市<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BD%A9%E7%9A%AE%E5%B0%BC%E6%98%82?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="佩皮尼昂">佩皮尼昂</a>和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%9B%BE%E5%8D%A2%E5%85%B9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="图卢兹">图卢兹</a>颇为流行。<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="加泰罗尼亚龙" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Catalans Dragons"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E5%8A%A0%E6%B3%B0%E7%BD%97%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E9%BE%99&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="加泰罗尼亚龙（页面不存在）">加泰罗尼亚龙</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalans_Dragons" class="extiw" title="en:Catalans Dragons"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Catalans Dragons</span></a></span>）</span></span>是欧洲的顶级联盟式橄榄球赛事<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="超级联赛 (联盟式橄榄球)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Super League"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E8%B6%85%E7%BA%A7%E8%81%94%E8%B5%9B_(%E8%81%94%E7%9B%9F%E5%BC%8F%E6%A9%84%E6%A6%84%E7%90%83)&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="超级联赛 (联盟式橄榄球)（页面不存在）">超级联赛</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Super_League" class="extiw" title="en:Super League"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Super League</span></a></span>）</span></span>的成员。<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="法国精英锦标赛" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Elite One Championship"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E7%B2%BE%E8%8B%B1%E9%94%A6%E6%A0%87%E8%B5%9B&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="法国精英锦标赛（页面不存在）">法国精英锦标赛</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elite_One_Championship" class="extiw" title="en:Elite One Championship"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Elite One Championship</span></a></span>）</span></span>是法国的联盟式橄榄球俱乐部职业赛事。</p> <p>近数十年，法国培养了许多世界级<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%AF%AE%E7%90%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="篮球">篮球</a>运动员，其中<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%89%98%E5%B0%BC%C2%B7%E5%B8%95%E5%85%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="托尼·帕克">托尼·帕克</a>最为著名。<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E7%94%B7%E5%AD%90%E7%AF%AE%E7%90%83%E9%98%9F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="法国国家男子篮球队">法国国家男子篮球队</a>是<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2013%E5%B9%B4%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E7%B1%83%E7%90%83%E9%8C%A6%E6%A8%99%E8%B3%BD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2013年歐洲籃球錦標賽">2013年欧洲篮球锦标赛</a>冠军。法国篮球队在<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1948%E5%B9%B4%E5%A4%8F%E5%AD%A3%E5%A5%A5%E6%9E%97%E5%8C%B9%E5%85%8B%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8%E4%BC%9A%E7%AF%AE%E7%90%83%E6%AF%94%E8%B5%9B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1948年夏季奥林匹克运动会篮球比赛">1948年</a>和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2000%E5%B9%B4%E5%A4%8F%E5%AD%A3%E5%A5%A5%E6%9E%97%E5%8C%B9%E5%85%8B%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8%E4%BC%9A%E7%AF%AE%E7%90%83%E6%AF%94%E8%B5%9B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2000年夏季奥林匹克运动会篮球比赛">2000年夏季奥林匹克运动会篮球比赛</a>中摘得两枚银牌。</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="公共假日"><span id=".E5.85.AC.E5.85.B1.E5.81.87.E6.97.A5"></span>公共假日</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&section=46&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="编辑章节：公共假日" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>编辑</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:La_Promenade_des_Anglais_(14668462882).jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/La_Promenade_des_Anglais_%2814668462882%29.jpg/220px-La_Promenade_des_Anglais_%2814668462882%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1118"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/La_Promenade_des_Anglais_%2814668462882%29.jpg/220px-La_Promenade_des_Anglais_%2814668462882%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/La_Promenade_des_Anglais_%2814668462882%29.jpg/330px-La_Promenade_des_Anglais_%2814668462882%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/La_Promenade_des_Anglais_%2814668462882%29.jpg/440px-La_Promenade_des_Anglais_%2814668462882%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> 2014年<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E5%BA%86%E6%97%A5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="法国国庆日">法国国庆日</a><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%9B%8E%E6%A0%BC%E9%B2%81%E8%A1%97?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="盎格鲁街">盎格鲁街</a>焰火表演 </figcaption> </figure> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody> <tr bgcolor="#efefef"> <td>日期</td> <td>中文名称</td> <td>法文名称</td> <td>说明</td> </tr> <tr> <td>1月1日</td> <td>元旦</td> <td>Jour de l'An</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td>-</td> <td><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%BE%A9%E6%B4%BB%E7%AF%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="復活節">復活節</a></td> <td>Pâques</td> <td>星期日，具體日期不固定</td> </tr> <tr> <td>-</td> <td>復活節翌日</td> <td>Lundi de Pâques</td> <td>星期一，具體日期不固定</td> </tr> <tr> <td>5月1日</td> <td><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8B%9E%E5%8B%95%E7%AF%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="勞動節">勞動節</a></td> <td>Fête du Travail</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td>5月8日</td> <td><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="第二次世界大戰">第二次世界大戰</a>勝利紀念日</td> <td>Victoire 1945</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td>-</td> <td><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E7%A9%8C%E5%8D%87%E5%A4%A9%E7%AF%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="耶穌升天節">耶穌升天節</a></td> <td>Ascension</td> <td>星期四，具體日期不固定</td> </tr> <tr> <td>10月3日</td> <td><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88%E9%99%8D%E8%87%A8%E7%AF%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="聖靈降臨節">聖靈降臨節</a></td> <td>Pentecôte</td> <td>星期日，具體日期不固定</td> </tr> <tr> <td>7月14日</td> <td><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E6%85%B6%E6%97%A5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="國慶日">國慶日</a></td> <td>Fête Nationale</td> <td>國慶日</td> </tr> <tr> <td>8月15日</td> <td><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%81%96%E6%AF%8D%E5%8D%87%E5%A4%A9%E7%AF%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="聖母升天節">聖母升天節</a></td> <td>Assomption</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td>11月1日</td> <td><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%AF%B8%E5%9C%A3%E8%8A%82?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="诸圣节">诸圣节</a></td> <td>Toussaint</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td>11月11日</td> <td><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="第一次世界大戰">第一次世界大戰</a>休戰紀念日</td> <td>Armistice 1918</td> <td>「1918停火日」</td> </tr> <tr> <td>12月25日</td> <td><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E8%AF%9E%E8%8A%82?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="圣诞节">圣诞节</a></td> <td>Noël</td> <td></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="参见"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.A7.81"></span>参见</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&section=47&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="编辑章节：参见" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>编辑</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-9"> <ul> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="法国政府">法国政府</a>：<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%9F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法国总统">法国总统</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E8%AE%AE%E4%BC%9A?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法国议会">法国议会</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E6%80%BB%E7%90%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法国总理">法国总理</a></li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%AF%AD%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%88%86%E5%B8%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法语地理分布">法语圈</a>：<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E8%A5%BF%E6%AE%96%E6%B0%91%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="法兰西殖民帝国">法兰西殖民帝国</a></li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%BA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法兰西人">法兰西人</a></li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%88%B4%E9%AB%98%E6%A8%82%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="戴高樂主義">戴高樂主義</a></li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E8%A5%BF%E9%93%B6%E8%A1%8C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法兰西银行">法兰西银行</a></li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E9%83%8E?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法郎">法郎</a></li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E8%A5%BF%E5%AD%A6%E6%9C%AF%E9%99%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法兰西学术院">法兰西学术院</a></li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E8%A5%BF%E5%85%AC%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法兰西公学院">法兰西公学院</a></li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(10)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="延伸阅读"><span id=".E5.BB.B6.E4.BC.B8.E9.98.85.E8.AF.BB"></span>延伸阅读</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&section=48&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="编辑章节：延伸阅读" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>编辑</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-10 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-10"> <p><span class="mw-editsection-like plainlinks" style="float: right;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q142" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q142">编</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></p> <dl> <dd> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="维基文库"> <noscript> <img alt="维基文库中的相关文本：" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/15px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 15px;height: 16px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/15px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" data-alt="维基文库中的相关文本：" data-width="15" data-height="16" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/23px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/30px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span> 《<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%25E6%25B8%2585%25E5%258F%25B2%25E7%25A8%25BF/%25E5%258D%25B7155%23%25E6%25B3%2595%25E5%259C%258B" class="extiw" title="s:清史稿/卷155">清史稿/卷155</a>》，出自<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%B6%99%E7%88%BE%E5%B7%BD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="趙爾巽">趙爾巽</a>《<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="清史稿">清史稿</a>》 </dd> </dl> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(11)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="引文"><span id=".E5.BC.95.E6.96.87"></span>引文</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&section=49&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="编辑章节：引文" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>编辑</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-11 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-11"> <div class="notelist" style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-引-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-%E5%BC%95_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">1719年8月9日《两广总督杨琳奏报续到洋船有法兰西行医外科一名安泰请求进京效力委员护送折》：“本年五月十二日到有法兰西洋舡一只，内有法兰西行医外科一名安泰。”</span></li> </ol> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(12)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="注释"><span id=".E6.B3.A8.E9.87.8A"></span>注释</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&section=50&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="编辑章节：注释" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>编辑</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-12 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-12"> <div id="references-NoteFoot"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">包括宣稱主權但未獲承認的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E9%BB%9B%E5%88%A9%E5%9C%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="阿黛利地">阿黛利地</a>。</span></li> <li id="cite_note-one-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-one_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">其他地方语言参见<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法國語言">法国语言</a>。</span></li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">脱离原<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%B4%9B%E6%9E%97%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="加洛林王朝">加洛林帝国</a>建立<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%B3%95%E8%98%AD%E5%85%8B%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="西法蘭克王國">西法蘭克王國</a>。</span></li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">1993年改制为<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E8%81%94%E7%9B%9F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="欧洲联盟">欧洲联盟</a>。</span></li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">包括海外领地。</span></li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">法国地理学院之数据（包括所有<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E4%BD%93?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="水体">水体</a>）。</span></li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">法国土地注册处之数据（不包括所有大于1平方公里之池塘、河流或冰川，亦不计算河流入海处）。</span></li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">包括所有海外领地的人口。</span></li> <li id="cite_note-five-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-five_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">仅包括<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E6%9C%AC%E5%9C%9F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="法国本土">法国本土</a>。法国包括海外领土之人口密度为104.7109/平方公里。</span></li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">适用于整个法兰西共和国（除位于太平洋一带之法属海外领地）。</span></li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">仅适用于位处太平洋一带之法属海外领地。</span></li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">CET只适用于法国本土。整个共和国时区由<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/UTC-10?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC-10">UTC-10</a>（<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%B1%AC%E7%8E%BB%E9%87%8C%E5%B0%BC%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法屬玻里尼西亞">法屬玻里尼西亞</a>）横跨至<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/UTC%2B12?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+12">UTC+12</a>（<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%93%A6%E5%88%A9%E6%96%AF%E5%92%8C%E5%AF%8C%E5%9C%96%E7%B4%8D%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="瓦利斯和富圖納群島">瓦利斯和富圖納群島</a>）。</span></li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">此只适用于法国本土。并非所有法属海外领地均有夏时制。</span></li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">法国海外省份及区域亦获纳入法国电话号码系统，但它们均有自己的国家区号：<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%93%9C%E5%BE%B7%E7%BE%85%E6%99%AE%E5%B3%B6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="瓜德羅普島">瓜德罗普岛</a> +590、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%8F%90%E5%B0%BC%E5%85%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="马提尼克">马提尼克</a> +596、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%B1%9E%E5%9C%AD%E4%BA%9A%E9%82%A3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="法属圭亚那">法属圭亚那</a> +594、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%95%99%E5%B0%BC%E6%B1%AA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="留尼汪">留尼汪</a>和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E7%BA%A6%E7%89%B9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="马约特">马约特</a> +262、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E7%9A%AE%E5%9F%83%E5%B0%94%E5%92%8C%E5%AF%86%E5%85%8B%E9%9A%86%E7%BE%A4%E5%B2%9B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="圣皮埃尔和密克隆群岛">圣皮埃尔和密克隆群岛</a> +508；法属海外领地则为法国電話号码系统的一部分，而它们的国家区号为：<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%96%80%E9%87%8C%E5%A4%9A%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="新喀里多尼亚">新喀里多尼亚</a> +687、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%B1%9E%E6%B3%A2%E5%88%A9%E5%B0%BC%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="法属波利尼西亚">法属波利尼西亚</a> +689、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%93%A6%E5%88%A9%E6%96%AF%E5%92%8C%E5%AF%8C%E5%9B%BE%E7%BA%B3%E7%BE%A4%E5%B2%9B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="瓦利斯和富图纳群岛">瓦利斯和富图纳群岛</a> +681。</span></li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">其他用于法国海外省份与领地之互联网顶级域包括：<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/.re?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title=".re">.re</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/.mq?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title=".mq">.mq</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/.gp?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title=".gp">.gp</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/.tf?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title=".tf">.tf</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/.nc?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title=".nc">.nc</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/.pf?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title=".pf">.pf</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/.wf?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title=".wf">.wf</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/.pm?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title=".pm">.pm</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/.gf?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title=".gf">.gf</a>及<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/.yt?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title=".yt">.yt</a>。法国亦与其他欧盟成员国共用<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/.eu?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title=".eu">.eu</a>域。除此，<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/.cat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title=".cat">.cat</a>域则用于加泰罗尼亚语地区。</span></li> <li id="cite_note-fourteen-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-fourteen_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E7%BE%8E?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="南美">南美</a><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%B1%AC%E5%9C%AD%E4%BA%9E%E9%82%A3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法屬圭亞那">圭亞那</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E5%8B%92%E6%AF%94%E5%9C%B0%E5%8D%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="加勒比地區">加勒比地區</a>的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%93%9C%E5%BE%B7%E7%BE%85%E6%99%AE%E5%B3%B6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="瓜德羅普島">瓜德羅普島</a>和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E6%8F%90%E5%B0%BC%E5%85%8B%E5%B3%B6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="馬提尼克島">馬提尼克島</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E6%B4%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="印度洋">印度洋地區</a>的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%95%99%E5%B0%BC%E6%97%BA%E5%B3%B6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="留尼旺島">留尼旺島</a>和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E7%B4%84%E7%89%B9%E5%B3%B6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="馬約特島">馬約特島</a>均為法國之海外大區暨省份，它們為共和國的一部分。</span></li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">弗朗茨二世此時非<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E8%81%96%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="神聖羅馬帝國">神聖羅馬帝國</a>皇帝</span></li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">當中有80個議員投反對票。</span></li> </ol> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(13)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="参考文献"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8C.AE"></span>参考文献</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&section=51&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="编辑章节：参考文献" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>编辑</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-13 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-13"> <div class="reflist columns references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 32em; -webkit-column-width: 32em; column-width: 32em; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-areafactbook-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-areafactbook_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2147.html">The World Factbook – Field Listing – Area</a>. CIA.gov. Central Intelligence Agency. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2015-11-01</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20140131115000/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2147.html">存档</a>于2014-01-31）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.atitle=The+World+Factbook+%E2%80%93+Field+Listing+%E2%80%93+Area&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CIA.gov&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Flibrary%2Fpublications%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Ffields%2F2147.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.insee.fr/fr/themes/comparateur.asp?codgeo%3DMETRODOM-1">France Métropolitaine</a>. INSEE. 2011 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2016-07-29</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20150828051307/http://www.insee.fr/fr/themes/comparateur.asp?codgeo%3DMETRODOM-1">存档</a>于2015-08-28）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.atitle=France+M%C3%A9tropolitaine&rft.date=2011&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.insee.fr%2Ffr%2Fthemes%2Fcomparateur.asp%3Fcodgeo%3DMETRODOM-1&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-imf2-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-imf2_12-0"><sup><b>3.0</b></sup></a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-imf2_12-1"><sup><b>3.1</b></sup></a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-imf2_12-2"><sup><b>3.2</b></sup></a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-imf2_12-3"><sup><b>3.3</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2023/April/weo-report?c%3D132,%26s%3DNGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,%26sy%3D2021%26ey%3D2028%26ssm%3D0%26scsm%3D1%26scc%3D0%26ssd%3D1%26ssc%3D0%26sic%3D0%26sort%3Dcountry%26ds%3D.%26br%3D1">France</a>. World Economic Outlook Database. <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Monetary_Fund?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Monetary Fund">International Monetary Fund (IMF)</a>. 2023-04 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2023-04-17</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20230417073319/https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2023/April/weo-report?c%3D132,%26s%3DNGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,%26sy%3D2021%26ey%3D2028%26ssm%3D0%26scsm%3D1%26scc%3D0%26ssd%3D1%26ssc%3D0%26sic%3D0%26sort%3Dcountry%26ds%3D.%26br%3D1">存档</a>于2023-04-17） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">（英语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.atitle=France&rft.date=2023-04&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+Economic+Outlook+Database&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imf.org%2Fen%2FPublications%2FWEO%2Fweo-database%2F2023%2FApril%2Fweo-report%3Fc%3D132%2C%26s%3DNGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPPC%2C%26sy%3D2021%26ey%3D2028%26ssm%3D0%26scsm%3D1%26scc%3D0%26ssd%3D1%26ssc%3D0%26sic%3D0%26sort%3Dcountry%26ds%3D.%26br%3D1&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-CIA-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-CIA_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2172.html">CIA World Factbook</a>. CIA. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2013-04-16</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20070613005439/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2172.html">存档</a>于2007-06-13）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.btitle=CIA+World+Factbook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=CIA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Flibrary%2Fpublications%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Ffields%2F2172.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20181024144212/http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/2018_summary_human_development_statistical_update_en.pdf">Human Development Report 2019</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. UNITED NATIONS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2019-12-20</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr2019.pdf">原始内容</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>存档于2018-10-24）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.btitle=Human+Development+Report+2019&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=UNITED+NATIONS+DEVELOPMENT+PROGRAMME&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhdr.undp.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fhdr2019.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Le Monde</i>, 8 January 1959.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Maurice_Duverger&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Maurice Duverger（页面不存在）">Duverger, Maurice</a>. Échec au roi. Paris: A. Michel. 1978. <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9782226005809?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:网络书源/9782226005809"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 9782226005809</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.aufirst=Maurice&rft.aulast=Duverger&rft.btitle=%C3%89chec+au+roi&rft.date=1978&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9782226005809&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=A.+Michel&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-A_History_of_the_Modern_World-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-A_History_of_the_Modern_World_24-0"><sup><b>8.0</b></sup></a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-A_History_of_the_Modern_World_24-1"><sup><b>8.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">R.R. Palmer; Joel Colton. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/historyofmodernw00palm">A History of the Modern World</a><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="需要免费注册"> <noscript> <img alt="需要免费注册" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 9px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png" data-alt="需要免费注册" data-width="9" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/14px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/18px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span> 5th. 1978: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/historyofmodernw00palm/page/161">161</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.au=Joel+Colton&rft.au=R.R.+Palmer&rft.btitle=A+History+of+the+Modern+World&rft.date=1978&rft.edition=5th&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=161&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoryofmodernw00palm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33"> 含有內容需登入查看的頁面 (<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Category:%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E5%85%A7%E5%AE%B9%E9%9C%80%E7%99%BB%E5%85%A5%E6%9F%A5%E7%9C%8B%E7%9A%84%E9%A0%81%E9%9D%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Category:含有內容需登入查看的頁面">link</a>)</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uk.france.fr/en/news/article/grand-siecle-age-enlightenment">The Grand Siecle & The Age Of Enlightenment</a>. France.fr. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2019-04-26</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20190427003939/https://uk.france.fr/en/news/article/grand-siecle-age-enlightenment">存档</a>于2019-04-27）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.atitle=The+Grand+Siecle+%26+The+Age+Of+Enlightenment&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=France.fr&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fuk.france.fr%2Fen%2Fnews%2Farticle%2Fgrand-siecle-age-enlightenment&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110824051936/http://www.discoverfrance.net/France/History/DF_history.shtml">History of France</a>. Discoverfrance.net. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-10-30</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.discoverfrance.net/France/History/DF_history.shtml">原始内容</a>存档于2011-08-24） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">（英语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.btitle=History+of+France&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Discoverfrance.net&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.discoverfrance.net%2FFrance%2FHistory%2FDF_history.shtml&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia">frank. American Heritage Dictionary.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.atitle=frank&rft.btitle=American+Heritage+Dictionary&rft.genre=bookitem&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <cite class="citation encyclopaedia">frank. Webster's Third New International Dictionary.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.atitle=frank&rft.btitle=Webster%27s+Third+New+International+Dictionary&rft.genre=bookitem&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Michel Rouche. The Early Middle Ages in the West. Paul Veyne (编). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/historyofprivate0000unse_y0g8">A History of Private Life: From Pagan Rome to Byzantium</a>. Belknap Press. 1987: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/historyofprivate0000unse_y0g8/page/n458">425</a>. <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0-674-39974-9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:网络书源/0-674-39974-9"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 0-674-39974-9</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/59830199"><span title="OCLC">OCLC 59830199</span></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.atitle=The+Early+Middle+Ages+in+the+West&rft.au=Michel+Rouche&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Private+Life%3A+From+Pagan+Rome+to+Byzantium&rft.date=1987&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.isbn=0-674-39974-9&rft.pages=425&rft.pub=Belknap+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoryofprivate0000unse_y0g8&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F59830199&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Tarassuk, Leonid; Blair, Claude. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://books.google.com/?id%3DUJbyPwAACAAJ">The Complete Encyclopedia of Arms and Weapons: the most comprehensive reference work ever published on arms and armor from prehistoric times to the present with over 1,250 illustrations</a>. Simon & Schuster. 1982: 186 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [5-07-2011]</span>. <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0-671-42257-X?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:网络书源/0-671-42257-X"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 0-671-42257-X</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">（英语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.au=Blair%2C+Claude&rft.aufirst=Leonid&rft.aulast=Tarassuk&rft.btitle=The+Complete+Encyclopedia+of+Arms+and+Weapons%3A+the+most+comprehensive+reference+work+ever+published+on+arms+and+armor+from+prehistoric+times+to+the+present+with+over+1%2C250+illustrations&rft.date=1982&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0-671-42257-X&rft.pages=186&rft.pub=Simon+%26+Schuster&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DUJbyPwAACAAJ&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">请检查<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|access-date=</code>中的日期值 (<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#bad_date" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>)</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">David Solomon Ganz, <i>Tzemach David</i>, part 2, Warsaw 1859. <span></span><i>Fredegar and the History of France</i><span></span>. University of Manchester（<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%9B%BC%E5%BE%B9%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="曼徹斯特大學">曼徹斯特大學</a>）. : 536–538 <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到希伯来语网页">（希伯来语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.au=David+Solomon+Ganz%2C+%27%27Tzemach+David%27%27%2C+part+2%2C+Warsaw+1859&rft.btitle=Fredegar+and+the+History+of+France&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=536-538&rft.pub=University+of+Manchester%EF%BC%88%E6%9B%BC%E5%BE%B9%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%EF%BC%89&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">黄河清. 近现代汉语辞源. 上海辞书出版社. 2020: 408. <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-7-5326-5403-1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:网络书源/978-7-5326-5403-1"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-7-5326-5403-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.au=%E9%BB%84%E6%B2%B3%E6%B8%85&rft.btitle=%E8%BF%91%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E8%BE%9E%E6%BA%90&rft.date=2020&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-7-5326-5403-1&rft.pages=408&rft.pub=%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E8%BE%9E%E4%B9%A6%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Jean_Carpentier_1987_p.17-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Jean_Carpentier_1987_p.17_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jean Carpentier (dir.), François Lebrun (dir.), Alain Tranoy, Élisabeth Carpentier et Jean-Marie Mayeur (préface de Jacques Le Goff), Histoire de France, Points Seuil, coll. " Histoire ", Paris, 2000 (1re éd. 1987), p. 17 <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/2020108798?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 2-02-010879-8</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Carpentier et al. 2000, pp. 20–24</span></li> <li id="cite_note-The_Cambridge_ancient_history-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-The_Cambridge_ancient_history_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3Dn1TmVvMwmo4C%26pg%3DRA1-PA754">The Cambridge ancient history</a>. Cambridge University Press. 2000: 754 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2011-01-23</span>]</span>. <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-521-08691-2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-521-08691-2"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-0-521-08691-2</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20190320064539/https://books.google.com/books?id%3Dn1TmVvMwmo4C%26pg%3DRA1-PA754">存档</a>于2019-03-20）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+ancient+history&rft.date=2000&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-521-08691-2&rft.pages=754&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dn1TmVvMwmo4C%26pg%3DRA1-PA754&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Orrieux-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Orrieux_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Claude Orrieux. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3Db8cA8hymTw8C%26pg%3DPA62">A history of ancient Greece</a>. John Wiley & Sons. 1999: 62 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2011-01-23</span>]</span>. <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-631-20309-4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-631-20309-4"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-0-631-20309-4</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20190320064540/https://books.google.com/books?id%3Db8cA8hymTw8C%26pg%3DPA62">存档</a>于2019-03-20）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.au=Claude+Orrieux&rft.btitle=A+history+of+ancient+Greece&rft.date=1999&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-631-20309-4&rft.pages=62&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Db8cA8hymTw8C%26pg%3DPA62&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Carpentier et al. 2000, p. 29</span></li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/?id%3DZEIEAAAAMBAJ%26pg%3DPA77">Provence in Stone</a>. Life. 1953-07-13: 77 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2011-01-23</span>]</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.atitle=Provence+in+Stone&rft.date=1953-07-13&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Life&rft.pages=77&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DZEIEAAAAMBAJ%26pg%3DPA77&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Carpentier et al. 2000, pp. 44–45</span></li> <li id="cite_note-c53-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-c53_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Carpentier et al. 2000, pp. 53–55</span></li> <li id="cite_note-c77-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-c77_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Carpentier et al. 2000, pp. 76–77</span></li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Carpentier et al. 2000, pp. 79–82</span></li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Carpentier et al. 2000, p. 84</span></li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Carpentier et al. 2000, pp. 84–88</span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE杜比2010235-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE%E6%9D%9C%E6%AF%942010235_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREF%E6%9D%9C%E6%AF%942010">杜比（2010年）</a>，第235页</span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE杜比2010240-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE%E6%9D%9C%E6%AF%942010240_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREF%E6%9D%9C%E6%AF%942010">杜比（2010年）</a>，第240页</span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE杜比2010304-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE%E6%9D%9C%E6%AF%942010304_47-0"><sup><b>30.0</b></sup></a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE%E6%9D%9C%E6%AF%942010304_47-1"><sup><b>30.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREF%E6%9D%9C%E6%AF%942010">杜比（2010年）</a>，第304页</span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBradbury200773-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBradbury200773_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFBradbury2007">Bradbury（2007年）</a>，第73页</span></li> <li id="cite_note-google.fr-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-google.fr_49-0"><sup><b>32.0</b></sup></a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-google.fr_49-1"><sup><b>32.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DJYDOrzMpgGcC%26pg%3DPT34%26dq%3Dfrench%2Blingua%2Bfranca%2Bcrusades%26hl%3Dfr%26sa%3DX%26ei%3Da1BMVbCWB6eH7QbxuYCABw%26ved%3D0CCoQ6AEwAQ%23v%3Donepage%26q%3Dfrench%2520lingua%2520franca%2520crusades%26f%3Dfalse">The Story of French</a>. google.fr. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2016-07-29</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20160904153759/https://books.google.com/books?id%3DJYDOrzMpgGcC%26pg%3DPT34%26dq%3Dfrench%2Blingua%2Bfranca%2Bcrusades%26hl%3Dfr%26sa%3DX%26ei%3Da1BMVbCWB6eH7QbxuYCABw%26ved%3D0CCoQ6AEwAQ%23v%3Donepage%26q%3Dfrench%2520lingua%2520franca%2520crusades%26f%3Dfalse">存档</a>于2016-09-04）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.atitle=The+Story+of+French&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=google.fr&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJYDOrzMpgGcC%26pg%3DPT34%26dq%3Dfrench%2Blingua%2Bfranca%2Bcrusades%26hl%3Dfr%26sa%3DX%26ei%3Da1BMVbCWB6eH7QbxuYCABw%26ved%3D0CCoQ6AEwAQ%23v%3Donepage%26q%3Dfrench%2520lingua%2520franca%2520crusades%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFloriTucker2019999-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFloriTucker2019999_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFFloriTucker2019">Flori & Tucker 2019</a>，第999頁.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-guerard-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-guerard_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Albert Guerard, <i>France: A Modern History</i> (University of Michigan Press: Ann Arbor, 1959) pp. 100, 101.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Don O'Reilly. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20061109043743/http://www.historynet.com/magazines/military_history/3031536.html">Hundred Years' War: Joan of Arc and the Siege of Orléans</a>". <i>TheHistoryNet.com</i>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Encarta-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Encarta_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.webcitation.org/5kwcLOXgw?url%3Dhttp://encarta.msn.com/text_761568934___117/France.html">France VII</a>. Microsoft Encarta Online Encyclopedia 2009. Webcitation.org. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2012-06-22</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://encarta.msn.com/text_761568934___117/France.html">原始内容</a>存档于2009-10-31）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.atitle=France+VII&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Microsoft+Encarta+Online+Encyclopedia+2009&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fencarta.msn.com%2Ftext_761568934___117%2FFrance.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Emmanuel Le Roy Ladurie (1987). "<i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DVT9rIMQFt2MC%26pg%3DPA32">The French peasantry, 1450–1660</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20190320064546/https://books.google.com/books?id%3DVT9rIMQFt2MC%26pg%3DPA32">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</i>". University of California Press. p. 32. <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0520055233?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-520-05523-3</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Peter Turchin (2003). "<i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DmUoCrTUo-eEC%26pg%3DPA179">Historical dynamics: why states rise and fall</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20161207214817/https://books.google.com/books?id%3DmUoCrTUo-eEC%26pg%3DPA179">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</i>". Princeton University Press. p. 179. <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0691116695?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-691-11669-5</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/516821/Massacre-of-Saint-Bartholomews-Day">Massacre of Saint Bartholomew's Day</a>. Britannica.com. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2011-07-21</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20150504150458/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/516821/Massacre-of-Saint-Bartholomews-Day">存档</a>于2015-05-04）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.btitle=Massacre+of+Saint+Bartholomew%27s+Day&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Britannica.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2FEBchecked%2Ftopic%2F516821%2FMassacre-of-Saint-Bartholomews-Day&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Language_and_Diplomacy-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Language_and_Diplomacy_57-0"><sup><b>40.0</b></sup></a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Language_and_Diplomacy_57-1"><sup><b>40.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721070018/http://www.nakedtranslations.com/en/2004/language-and-diplomacy/">Language and Diplomacy</a>. Nakedtranslations.com. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2011-07-21</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.nakedtranslations.com/en/2004/language-and-diplomacy/">原始内容</a>存档于2011-07-21）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.btitle=Language+and+Diplomacy&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Nakedtranslations.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nakedtranslations.com%2Fen%2F2004%2Flanguage-and-diplomacy%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/louis_xv.shtml">BBC History: Louis XV (1710–1774)</a>. BBC. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2011-07-21</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20180221035321/http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/louis_xv.shtml">存档</a>于2018-02-21）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.btitle=BBC+History%3A+Louis+XV+%281710%E2%80%931774%29&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=BBC&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fhistory%2Fhistoric_figures%2Flouis_xv.shtml&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110725101858/http://webspace.qmul.ac.uk/cdhjones/documents/gn_pdf.pdf">Scholarly bibliography by Colin Jones (2002)</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2011-07-21</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://webspace.qmul.ac.uk/cdhjones/documents/gn_pdf.pdf">原始内容</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>存档于2011-07-25）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.btitle=Scholarly+bibliography+by+Colin+Jones+%282002%29&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwebspace.qmul.ac.uk%2Fcdhjones%2Fdocuments%2Fgn_pdf.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Censer, Jack R. and Hunt, Lynn. <i>Liberty, Equality, Fraternity: Exploring the French Revolution.</i> University Park, Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania State University Press, 2004.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Doyle, William. <i>The Oxford History of The French Revolution.</i> Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1989. pp 191–192.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Dr Linton, Marisa. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117152123/http://www.port.ac.uk/special/france1815to2003/chapter1/interviews/filetodownload%252C20545%252Cen.pdf">The Terror in the French Revolution</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. Kingston University. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.port.ac.uk/special/france1815to2003/chapter1/interviews/filetodownload,20545,en.pdf">原始内容</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>存档于2012-01-17）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.atitle=The+Terror+in+the+French+Revolution&rft.aufirst=Marisa&rft.aulast=Dr+Linton&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.port.ac.uk%2Fspecial%2Ffrance1815to2003%2Fchapter1%2Finterviews%2Ffiletodownload%2C20545%2Cen.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-hussenet-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-hussenet_64-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jacques Hussenet (dir.), <i>" Détruisez la Vendée ! " Regards croisés sur les victimes et destructions de la guerre de Vendée</i>, La Roche-sur-Yon, Centre vendéen de recherches historiques, 2007</span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDoughty200853-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDoughty200853_65-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFDoughty2008">Doughty（2008年）</a>，第53页</span></li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/7199127.stm">France's oldest WWI veteran dies</a>. London: <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/BBC_News?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>. 2008-01-20 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2016-07-29</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20160715063037/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/7199127.stm">存档</a>于2016-07-15）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.atitle=France%27s+oldest+WWI+veteran+dies&rft.date=2008-01-20&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Feurope%2F7199127.stm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Spencer C. Tucker, Priscilla Mary Roberts (2005). "<i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3D2YqjfHLyyj8C%26pg%3DPR25">Encyclopedia Of World War I: A Political, Social, And Military History</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20190320064551/https://books.google.com/books?id%3D2YqjfHLyyj8C%26pg%3DPR25">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</i>". ABC-CLIO. <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/1851094202?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 1-85109-420-2</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Collapse of the Third Republic: An Inquiry into the Fall of France in 1940，William L. Shirer</span></li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Julian Jackson, The Fall of France, The Nazi Invasion of 1940, 188-197.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DQ7ORlIpHKLEC%26pg%3DPA368">Vichy France and the Jews</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20190320064552/https://books.google.com/books?id%3DQ7ORlIpHKLEC%26pg%3DPA368">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</i>". Michael Robert Marrus, Robert O. Paxton (1995). <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Stanford_University_Press?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Stanford University Press">Stanford University Press</a>. p. 368.<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0804724997?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-8047-2499-7</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20140416061232/http://www.holocaust-education.dk/holocaust/deportationer.asp">The Danish Center for Holocaust and Genocide Studies</a>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.holocaust-education.dk/holocaust/deportationer.asp">原始内容</a>存档于2014-04-16）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.btitle=The+Danish+Center+for+Holocaust+and+Genocide+Studies&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.holocaust-education.dk%2Fholocaust%2Fdeportationer.asp&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/genocide/jewish_deportation_01.shtml">BBC, The Vichy Policy on Jewish Deportation</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2016-07-29</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20180326080421/http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/genocide/jewish_deportation_01.shtml">存档</a>于2018-03-26）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.btitle=BBC%2C+The+Vichy+Policy+on+Jewish+Deportation&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fhistory%2Fworldwars%2Fgenocide%2Fjewish_deportation_01.shtml&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">France, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId%3D10005429">http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=10005429</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20141206075910/http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId%3D10005429">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</span></li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Noir sur Blanc: Les premières photos du camp de concentration de Buchenwald après la libération, <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20141109055804/http://www.ain.fr/upload/docs/application/pdf/2011-05/dp_expo_schwartz_auf_weiss_nantua_2011bd.pdf">存档副本</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-10-14</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.ain.fr/upload/docs/application/pdf/2011-05/dp_expo_schwartz_auf_weiss_nantua_2011bd.pdf">原始内容</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>存档于2014-11-09）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.btitle=%E5%AD%98%E6%A1%A3%E5%89%AF%E6%9C%AC&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ain.fr%2Fupload%2Fdocs%2Fapplication%2Fpdf%2F2011-05%2Fdp_expo_schwartz_auf_weiss_nantua_2011bd.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> (French)</span></li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Kimmelman, Michael. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.nytimes.com/2009/03/05/arts/design/05abroad.html?_r%3D1">In France, a War of Memories Over Memories of War</a>. The New York Times. 2009-03-04 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2016-07-29</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20160722163329/http://www.nytimes.com/2009/03/05/arts/design/05abroad.html?_r%3D1">存档</a>于2016-07-22）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.atitle=In+France%2C+a+War+of+Memories+Over+Memories+of+War&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.aulast=Kimmelman&rft.date=2009-03-04&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2009%2F03%2F05%2Farts%2Fdesign%2F05abroad.html%3F_r%3D1&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Crozier, Brian; Mansell, Gerard. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/sim_international-affairs_1960-07_36_3/page/310">France and Algeria</a>. <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=International_Affairs_(journal)&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="International Affairs (journal)（页面不存在）">International Affairs</a> (Blackwell Publishing). 1960-07, <b>36</b> (3): 310. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0020-5850"><span title="国际标准连续出版物号">ISSN 0020-5850</span></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.jstor.org/stable/2610008"><span title="JSTOR">JSTOR 2610008</span></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://doi.org/10.2307%252F2610008"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.2307/2610008</span></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.atitle=France+and+Algeria&rft.au=Mansell%2C+Gerard&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft.aulast=Crozier&rft.date=1960-07&rft.genre=article&rft.issn=0020-5850&rft.issue=3&rft.jtitle=International+Affairs&rft.pages=310&rft.volume=36&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2610008&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsim_international-affairs_1960-07_36_3%2Fpage%2F310&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2610008&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://seacoast.sunderland.ac.uk/~os0tmc/contem/fifth.htm">From Fourth to Fifth Republic</a> – <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=University_of_Sunderland&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="University of Sunderland（页面不存在）">University of Sunderland</a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">互联网档案馆</a>的<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20080523234726/http://seacoast.sunderland.ac.uk/~os0tmc/contem/fifth.htm">存檔</a>，存档日期2008-05-23.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">D. L. Hanley, A. P. Kerr, and N. H. Waites. Contemporary France: Politics and Society Since 1945 2. Routledge. 1984. <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0-415-02522-2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:网络书源/0-415-02522-2"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 0-415-02522-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.au=D.+L.+Hanley%2C+A.+P.+Kerr%2C+and+N.+H.+Waites&rft.btitle=Contemporary+France%3A+Politics+and+Society+Since+1945&rft.date=1984&rft.edition=2&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0-415-02522-2&rft.pub=Routledge&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20051025215249/http://www.elysee.fr/elysee/anglais/speeches_and_documents/2004/declaration_by_the_franco-german_defence_and_security_council.1096.html">Declaration by the Franco-German Defense and Security Council</a>. Elysee.fr. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2011-07-21</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.elysee.fr/elysee/anglais/speeches_and_documents/2004/declaration_by_the_franco-german_defence_and_security_council.1096.html">原始内容</a>存档于2005-10-25）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.btitle=Declaration+by+the+Franco-German+Defense+and+Security+Council&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Elysee.fr&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.elysee.fr%2Felysee%2Fanglais%2Fspeeches_and_documents%2F2004%2Fdeclaration_by_the_franco-german_defence_and_security_council.1096.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.today/20140811164800/http://www.rpfrance-otan.org/France-and-NATO">France and NATO</a>. La France à l'Otan. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.rpfrance-otan.org/France-and-NATO">原始内容</a>存档于2014-08-11）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.atitle=France+and+NATO&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=La+France+%C3%A0+l%27Otan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rpfrance-otan.org%2FFrance-and-NATO&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Marie-Christine_Weidmann-Koop-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Marie-Christine_Weidmann-Koop_82-0"><sup><b>63.0</b></sup></a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Marie-Christine_Weidmann-Koop_82-1"><sup><b>63.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Marie-Christine Weidmann-Koop, Rosalie Vermette, "France at the dawn of the twenty-first century, trends and transformations", p.160 <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DcVa46Q7oMlcC%26pg%3DPA160%26dq%3Dfrance%2Bimmigration%2Btwenty%2Bfirst%2Bcentury%26hl%3Dfr%26sa%3DX%26ei%3DxfDZVLrvDILraJHfgoAM%26ved%3D0CCAQ6AEwAA%23v%3Donepage%26q%3Dfrance%2520immigration%2520twenty%2520first%2520century%26f%3Dfalse">[1]</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20160903191905/https://books.google.com/books?id%3DcVa46Q7oMlcC%26pg%3DPA160%26dq%3Dfrance%2Bimmigration%2Btwenty%2Bfirst%2Bcentury%26hl%3Dfr%26sa%3DX%26ei%3DxfDZVLrvDILraJHfgoAM%26ved%3D0CCAQ6AEwAA%23v%3Donepage%26q%3Dfrance%2520immigration%2520twenty%2520first%2520century%26f%3Dfalse">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</span></li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Yvonne Yazbeck Haddad and Michael J. Balz, "The October Riots in France: A Failed Immigration Policy or the Empire Strikes Back?" <i>International Migration</i> (2006) 44#2 pp. 23–34.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sylvia Zappi, "French Government Revives Assimilation Policy", in <i>Migration Policy Institute</i> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20150130222428/http://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/french-government-revives-assimilation-policy">存档副本</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2015-01-30</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/french-government-revives-assimilation-policy">原始内容</a>存档于2015-01-30）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.btitle=%E5%AD%98%E6%A1%A3%E5%89%AF%E6%9C%AC&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.migrationpolicy.org%2Farticle%2Ffrench-government-revives-assimilation-policy&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Hinnant, Lori; Adamson, Thomas. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://hosted.ap.org/dynamic/stories/E/EU_FRANCE_ATTACKS_RALLY?SITE%3DAP%26SECTION%3DHOME%26TEMPLATE%3DDEFAULT%26CTIME%3D2015-01-11-12-51-46">Officials: Paris Unity Rally Largest in French History</a>. Associated Press. 2015-01-11 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2015-01-11</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20150111213526/http://hosted.ap.org/dynamic/stories/E/EU_FRANCE_ATTACKS_RALLY?SITE%3DAP%26SECTION%3DHOME%26TEMPLATE%3DDEFAULT%26CTIME%3D2015-01-11-12-51-46">存档</a>于2015-01-11）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.atitle=Officials%3A+Paris+Unity+Rally+Largest+in+French+History&rft.au=Adamson%2C+Thomas&rft.aufirst=Lori&rft.aulast=Hinnant&rft.date=2015-01-11&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Associated+Press&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhosted.ap.org%2Fdynamic%2Fstories%2FE%2FEU_FRANCE_ATTACKS_RALLY%3FSITE%3DAP%26SECTION%3DHOME%26TEMPLATE%3DDEFAULT%26CTIME%3D2015-01-11-12-51-46&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-bbcnews-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-bbcnews_86-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-30765824">Paris attacks: Millions rally for unity in France</a>. BBC News. 2015-01-12 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2015-01-12</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20150112015430/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-30765824">存档</a>于2015-01-12）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.atitle=Paris+attacks%3A+Millions+rally+for+unity+in+France&rft.date=2015-01-12&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-europe-30765824&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/nov/14/paris-attacks-people-throw-open-doors-to-help">Parisians throw open doors in wake of attacks, but Muslims fear repercussions</a>. The Guardian. 2015-11-14 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2015-11-19</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20151119045510/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/nov/14/paris-attacks-people-throw-open-doors-to-help">存档</a>于2015-11-19）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.atitle=Parisians+throw+open+doors+in+wake+of+attacks%2C+but+Muslims+fear+repercussions&rft.date=2015-11-14&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2015%2Fnov%2F14%2Fparis-attacks-people-throw-open-doors-to-help&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Syeed, Nafeesa. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.independent.ie/world-news/europe/paris-terror-attacks/paris-terror-attacks-yes-parisians-are-traumatised-but-the-spirit-of-resistance-still-lingers-34201891.html">Yes, Parisians are traumatised, but the spirit of resistance still lingers</a>. The Irish Independent. 2015-11-15 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2015-11-19</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20151120093545/http://www.independent.ie/world-news/europe/paris-terror-attacks/paris-terror-attacks-yes-parisians-are-traumatised-but-the-spirit-of-resistance-still-lingers-34201891.html">存档</a>于2015-11-20）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.atitle=Yes%2C+Parisians+are+traumatised%2C+but+the+spirit+of+resistance+still+lingers&rft.aufirst=Nafeesa&rft.aulast=Syeed&rft.date=2015-11-15&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Irish+Independent&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.ie%2Fworld-news%2Feurope%2Fparis-terror-attacks%2Fparis-terror-attacks-yes-parisians-are-traumatised-but-the-spirit-of-resistance-still-lingers-34201891.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.irishtimes.com/news/world/europe/europe-s-open-border-policy-may-become-latest-victim-of-terrorism-1.2435486">Europe's open-border policy may become latest victim of terrorism</a>. 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Eoearth.org. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2011-07-17</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110429235144/http://www.eoearth.org/article/Energy_profile_of_France">存档</a>于2011-04-29）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.btitle=Energy+profile+of+France&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Eoearth.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eoearth.org%2Farticle%2FEnergy_profile_of_France&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-100">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Ian Traynor and David Gow in Brussels. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2007/feb/21/climatechange.climatechangeenvironment">EU promises 20% reduction in carbon emissions by 2020</a>. The Guardian (London). 2007-02-21 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2011-07-21</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110426014951/http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2007/feb/21/climatechange.climatechangeenvironment">存档</a>于2011-04-26）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.atitle=EU+promises+20%25+reduction+in+carbon+emissions+by+2020&rft.au=Ian+Traynor+and+David+Gow+in+Brussels&rft.date=2007-02-21&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.guardian.co.uk%2Fenvironment%2F2007%2Ffeb%2F21%2Fclimatechange.climatechangeenvironment&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Les_quatre_enjeux_de_Copenhague-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Les_quatre_enjeux_de_Copenhague_101-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="法語">（法文）</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.la-croix.com/Actualite/S-informer/Sciences/Les-quatre-enjeux-de-Copenhague-_NG_-2009-12-06-569870">Les quatres enjeux de Copenhague</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111125721/http://www.la-croix.com/Actualite/S-informer/Sciences/Les-quatre-enjeux-de-Copenhague-_NG_-2009-12-06-569870">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） – La Croix</span></li> <li id="cite_note-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-102">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Kanter, James. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://green.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/07/01/emissions-soar-in-china-and-india/">Per-Capita Emissions Rising in China</a>. 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Nationmaster.com. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2010-08-09</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20130723122206/http://www.nationmaster.com/red/graph/env_for_are_of_lan_are-environment-forest-area-of-land%2526date%253D2005%2526b_map%253D1">存档</a>于2013-07-23）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.btitle=Forest+area+by+country&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Nationmaster.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationmaster.com%2Fred%2Fgraph%2Fenv_for_are_of_lan_are-environment-forest-area-of-land%26date%3D2005%26b_map%3D1&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-107">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.ifn.fr/spip/?rubrique83%26lang%3Den">Evolution of the French forest from 1984 to 1996</a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">互联网档案馆</a>的<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110513083104/http://www.ifn.fr/spip/?rubrique83%26lang%3Den">存檔</a>，存档日期2011-05-13. – French National Forest Inventory</span></li> <li id="cite_note-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-108">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="法語">（法文）</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.lepapier.fr/foret_france.htm">Une situation privilégiée en France et en Europe</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20100727011505/http://www.lepapier.fr/foret_france.htm">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） – Papier, bois et forêt</span></li> <li id="cite_note-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-109">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.parks.it/world/FR/Eindex.html">Parks.it – Parks and other protected areas in France</a>. parks.it. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2016-07-29</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20160829232639/http://www.parks.it/world/FR/Eindex.html">存档</a>于2016-08-29）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.atitle=Parks.it+%E2%80%93+Parks+and+other+protected+areas+in+France&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=parks.it&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.parks.it%2Fworld%2FFR%2FEindex.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-110">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="法語">（法文）</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.parcs-naturels-regionaux.tm.fr/fr/accueil/">Fédération des parcs naturels régionaux de France</a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">互联网档案馆</a>的<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20100712003310/http://www.parcs-naturels-regionaux.tm.fr/fr/accueil/">存檔</a>，存档日期2010-07-12.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-111">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="法語">（法文）</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.actu-environnement.com/ae/news/mer_grenelle_zee_meditarrane_borloo_aire_marine_8120.php4">La France veut créer une Zone Économique Exclusive en Méditérannée</a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">互联网档案馆</a>的<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110513060529/http://www.actu-environnement.com/ae/news/mer_grenelle_zee_meditarrane_borloo_aire_marine_8120.php4">存檔</a>，存档日期2011-05-13. – Actu-Environnement</span></li> <li id="cite_note-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-112">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.parcs-naturels-regionaux.tm.fr/en/parc.UK2.pdf"><i>Regional nature Parks of France</i></a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">互联网档案馆</a>的<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20130722030433/http://www.parcs-naturels-regionaux.tm.fr/en/parc.UK2.pdf">存檔</a>，存档日期2013-07-22. by the Federation of the regional nature Parks of France, pdf. Retrieved 22 June 2014.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-113">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">William M. Lafferty. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DVHP96jPKl-0C%26pg%3DPA181">Sustainable communities in Europe</a>. Earthscan. 2001: 181 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2011-08-07</span>]</span>. <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-1-85383-791-3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:网络书源/978-1-85383-791-3"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-1-85383-791-3</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20130526165930/http://books.google.com/books?id%3DVHP96jPKl-0C%26pg%3DPA181">存档</a>于2013-05-26）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.au=William+M.+Lafferty&rft.btitle=Sustainable+communities+in+Europe&rft.date=2001&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-1-85383-791-3&rft.pages=181&rft.pub=Earthscan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVHP96jPKl-0C%26pg%3DPA181&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-FGTO-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FGTO_114-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Maison de la France. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20120405192042/http://uk.franceguide.com/Regional-natural-parks.html?NodeID%3D1%26EditoID%3D205227">France Guide: Regional Natural Parks</a>. French Government Tourist Office. 2008 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2011-10-27</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://uk.franceguide.com/Regional-natural-parks.html?NodeID%3D1%26EditoID%3D205227">原始内容</a>存档于2012-04-05）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.au=Maison+de+la+France&rft.btitle=France+Guide%3A+Regional+Natural+Parks&rft.date=2008&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=French+Government+Tourist+Office&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fuk.franceguide.com%2FRegional-natural-parks.html%3FNodeID%3D1%26EditoID%3D205227&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-115">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20160202142016/http://epi.yale.edu/country-rankings">Data | Environmental Performance Index - Development</a>. Yale. 2016-01-23 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2016-01-23</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://epi.yale.edu/country-rankings">原始内容</a>存档于2016-02-02）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.btitle=Data+%7C+Environmental+Performance+Index+-+Development&rft.date=2016-01-23&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Yale&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fepi.yale.edu%2Fcountry-rankings&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-116">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20151230075909/http://www.gouvernement.fr/action/la-reforme-territoriale">La réforme territoriale</a>. <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="法国政府">Government of France</a>. 2015-12-18 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2016-01-01</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.gouvernement.fr/action/la-reforme-territoriale">原始内容</a>存档于2015-12-30） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到法语网页">（法语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.btitle=La+r%C3%A9forme+territoriale&rft.date=2015-12-18&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Government+of+France&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gouvernement.fr%2Faction%2Fla-reforme-territoriale&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-France-117"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-France_117-0"><sup><b>98.0</b></sup></a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-France_117-1"><sup><b>98.1</b></sup></a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-France_117-2"><sup><b>98.2</b></sup></a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-France_117-3"><sup><b>98.3</b></sup></a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-France_117-4"><sup><b>98.4</b></sup></a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-France_117-5"><sup><b>98.5</b></sup></a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-France_117-6"><sup><b>98.6</b></sup></a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-France_117-7"><sup><b>98.7</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/fr.html">The World Factbook: France</a>. Central Intelligence Agency. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2016-02-12</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.webcitation.org/5nXdBl0QT?url%3Dhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/fr.html">存档</a>于2010-02-14）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.btitle=The+World+Factbook%3A+France&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Central+Intelligence+Agency&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Flibrary%2Fpublications%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fgeos%2Ffr.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-118"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-118">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714142645/http://www.myfrenchproperty.com/departments/departments.php">Departments of France</a>. Myfrenchproperty.com. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2011-07-21</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.myfrenchproperty.com/departments/departments.php">原始内容</a>存档于2011-07-14） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到法语网页">（法语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.btitle=Departments+of+France&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Myfrenchproperty.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.myfrenchproperty.com%2Fdepartments%2Fdepartments.php&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-constituencies-119"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-constituencies_119-0"><sup><b>100.0</b></sup></a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-constituencies_119-1"><sup><b>100.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20140430033500/http://www.insee.fr/fr/themes/tableau.asp?reg_id%3D99%26ref_id%3Dt_0203R">Circonscriptions administratives au 1er janvier 2015 : comparaisons régionales [Administrative constituencies of 1 January 2015: regional comparisons]</a>. <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E4%B8%8E%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%89%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法国国家统计与经济研究所">INSEE</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2015-07-05</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.insee.fr/fr/themes/tableau.asp?reg_id%3D99%26ref_id%3Dt_0203R">原始内容</a>存档于2014-04-30） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到法语网页">（法语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.btitle=Circonscriptions+administratives+au+1er+janvier+2015+%3A+comparaisons+r%C3%A9gionales&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=INSEE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.insee.fr%2Ffr%2Fthemes%2Ftableau.asp%3Freg_id%3D99%26ref_id%3Dt_0203R&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-120"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-120">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.france-pub.com/list_regions.html">The Regions of France</a>. France Pub. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2016-05-03</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20160507062456/http://www.france-pub.com/list_regions.html">存档</a>于2016-05-07）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.atitle=The+Regions+of+France&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=France+Pub&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.france-pub.com%2Flist_regions.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-121"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-121">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717034857/http://www.thetahititraveler.com/touristinfo/moneycurr.asp">Currency and Exchange Rate</a>. Thetahititraveler.com. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2011-07-21</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.thetahititraveler.com/touristinfo/moneycurr.asp">原始内容</a>存档于2011-07-17）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.btitle=Currency+and+Exchange+Rate&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Thetahititraveler.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thetahititraveler.com%2Ftouristinfo%2Fmoneycurr.asp&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-122"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-122">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2085rank.html?countryName%3DFrance%26countryCode%3Dfr%26regionCode%3Deu%26rank%3D7%23fr">CIA – The World Factbook</a>. CIA. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2012-06-22</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20120513121037/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2085rank.html?countryName%3DFrance%26countryCode%3Dfr%26regionCode%3Deu%26rank%3D7%23fr">存档</a>于2012-05-13）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.btitle=CIA+%E2%80%93+The+World+Factbook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=CIA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Flibrary%2Fpublications%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Frankorder%2F2085rank.html%3FcountryName%3DFrance%26countryCode%3Dfr%26regionCode%3Deu%26rank%3D7%23fr&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-123"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-123">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20130828081904/http://democracyweb.org/limits/france.php">Comparative studies in Freedom – France</a>. Democracy Web. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2013-09-30</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.democracyweb.org/limits/france.php">原始内容</a>存档于2013-08-28）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.btitle=Comparative+studies+in+Freedom+%E2%80%93+France&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Democracy+Web&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.democracyweb.org%2Flimits%2Ffrance.php&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-124"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-124">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.oecd.org/home/0,3305,en_2649_201185_1_1_1_1_1,00.html">France: Fifth Republic</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20120216232042/http://www.oecd.org/home/0,3305,en_2649_201185_1_1_1_1_1,00.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://flagspot.net/flags/index.html">Flags of the World</a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">互联网档案馆</a>的<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20100817062109/http://www.oecd.org/home/0,3305,en_2649_201185_1_1_1_1_1,00.html">存檔</a>，存档日期2010-08-17.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-125"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-125">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="法語">（法文）</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.ladocumentationfrancaise.fr/dossiers/quinquennat/chronologie.shtml">Le quinquennat : le référendum du 24 Septembre 2000</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20100809111135/http://www.ladocumentationfrancaise.fr/dossiers/quinquennat/chronologie.shtml">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</span></li> <li id="cite_note-126"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-126">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20081205055025/http://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/english/synthetic_files/file_4.asp">The National Assembly and the Senate – General Characteristics of the Parliament</a>. Official Site of the French National Assembly</span></li> <li id="cite_note-127"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-127">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110704054719/http://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/english/election.asp%23election">Election of deputies</a>. Official Site of the National Assembly</span></li> <li id="cite_note-128"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-128">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110615001205/http://www.senat.fr/lng/en/election_senateurs.html">The senatorial elections</a>. Official Site of the Senate</span></li> <li id="cite_note-129"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-129">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="法語">（法文）</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.politique.net/2007081801-le-role-du-senat.htm">Le role du Sénat</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20100618060857/http://www.politique.net/2007081801-le-role-du-senat.htm">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</span></li> <li id="cite_note-130"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-130">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In European countries, legal doctrine has long faced the question of succession of criminal laws in time: <cite class="citation journal">Buonomo, Giampiero. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.questia.com/projects%23!/project/89426924">La rivendicazione di Gallo</a>. Mondoperaio edizione online. 2015 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2016-07-29</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20160324160801/https://www.questia.com/projects%23!/project/89426924">存档</a>于2016-03-24）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.atitle=La+rivendicazione+di+Gallo&rft.aufirst=Giampiero&rft.aulast=Buonomo&rft.date=2015&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mondoperaio+edizione+online&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.questia.com%2Fprojects%23%21%2Fproject%2F89426924&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> – 通过Questia <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size: 90%; color: #555"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="需付费查阅"> <noscript> <img alt="需付费查阅" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Lock-red-alt.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 9px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Lock-red-alt.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt.svg.png" data-alt="需付费查阅" data-width="9" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Lock-red-alt.svg/14px-Lock-red-alt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Lock-red-alt.svg/18px-Lock-red-alt.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span></span> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-131"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-131">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://news.xinhuanet.com/legal/2007-07/16/content_6380733.htm">別具特色的法國司法制度</a>. 新華網. 2007-07-16 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2011-12-02</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20150610210639/http://news.xinhuanet.com/legal/2007-07/16/content_6380733.htm">存档</a>于2015-06-10）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.atitle=%E5%88%A5%E5%85%B7%E7%89%B9%E8%89%B2%E7%9A%84%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B8%E6%B3%95%E5%88%B6%E5%BA%A6&rft.date=2007-07-16&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.xinhuanet.com%2Flegal%2F2007-07%2F16%2Fcontent_6380733.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-132"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-132">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Kenneth Roth Executive Director. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hrw.org/english/docs/2004/02/26/france7666.htm">Human Rights Watch</a>. Human Rights Watch. 2004-02-26 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2009-01-31</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20081101192550/http://www.hrw.org/english/docs/2004/02/26/france7666.htm">存档</a>于2008-11-01）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.au=Kenneth+Roth+Executive+Director&rft.btitle=Human+Rights+Watch&rft.date=2004-02-26&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Human+Rights+Watch&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhrw.org%2Fenglish%2Fdocs%2F2004%2F02%2F26%2Ffrance7666.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-133"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-133">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.amnesty.org/en/news-and-updates/france-votes-ban-full-face-veils-2010-07-13">France votes to ban full-face veils</a>. <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Amnesty_International?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Amnesty International">Amnesty International</a>. 2010-07-13 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2016-07-29</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20141207163309/http://www.amnesty.org/en/news-and-updates/france-votes-ban-full-face-veils-2010-07-13">存档</a>于2014-12-07）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.atitle=France+votes+to+ban+full-face+veils&rft.date=2010-07-13&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.amnesty.org%2Fen%2Fnews-and-updates%2Ffrance-votes-ban-full-face-veils-2010-07-13&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Pew-134"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Pew_134-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Dumoulin, Frederic. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20130518083647/https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5gNCFdNZ4r-9aDEBG0G_OUSMKoASw">French parliament adopts ban on full-face veil</a>. Google News. 2010-09-14 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2010-09-14</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5gNCFdNZ4r-9aDEBG0G_OUSMKoASw">原始内容</a>存档于2013-05-18）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.atitle=French+parliament+adopts+ban+on+full-face+veil&rft.aufirst=Frederic&rft.aulast=Dumoulin&rft.date=2010-09-14&rft.genre=article&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2Fhostednews%2Fafp%2Farticle%2FALeqM5gNCFdNZ4r-9aDEBG0G_OUSMKoASw&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-135"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-135">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.france24.com/en/20130518-france-gay-marriage-law-adoption">François Hollande signs same-sex marriage into law</a>. France 24. 2013-05-18 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2013-06-27</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20190725092955/https://www.france24.com/en/20130518-france-gay-marriage-law-adoption">存档</a>于2019-07-25）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.atitle=Fran%C3%A7ois+Hollande+signs+same-sex+marriage+into+law&rft.date=2013-05-18&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.france24.com%2Fen%2F20130518-france-gay-marriage-law-adoption&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-136"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-136">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"France: Strict Defamation and Privacy Laws Limit Free Expression – Index on Censorship | Index on Censorship." France: Strict Defamation and Privacy Laws Limit Free Expression – Index on Censorship | Index on Censorship. N.p., n.d. Web. 26 February 2014. <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20130922214544/http://www.indexoncensorship.org/2013/08/france-faces-restrictions-on-free-expression/">存档副本</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-02-18</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.indexoncensorship.org/2013/08/france-faces-restrictions-on-free-expression/">原始内容</a>存档于2013-09-22）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.btitle=%E5%AD%98%E6%A1%A3%E5%89%AF%E6%9C%AC&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.indexoncensorship.org%2F2013%2F08%2Ffrance-faces-restrictions-on-free-expression%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-137"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-137">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="法語">（法文）</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20101205103557/http://www.ambafrance-dz.org/ambassade/IMG/Lutte_racisme_et_antisemitisme.pdf">La lutte contre le racisme et l'antisémintisme en France</a>. AmbaFrance</span></li> <li id="cite_note-138"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-138">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.un.org/sc/members.asp">Membership of the Security Councils of the UN</a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Archive.is?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Archive.is">Archive.is</a>的<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.today/20120913181027/http://www.un.org/sc/members.asp">存檔</a>，存档日期2012-09-13 on the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.un.org/en/index.shtml">Official Site of the UN</a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">互联网档案馆</a>的<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20100706231352/http://www.un.org/sc/members.asp">存檔</a>，存档日期2010-07-06.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-139"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-139">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/whatis_e/tif_e/org6_e.htm">Understanding the WTO – Members</a>. 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Official Site of the SPC. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2016-07-29</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20100828105101/http://www.spc.int/en/about-spc/history.html">存档</a>于2010-08-28）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.btitle=History&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Official+Site+of+the+SPC&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.spc.int%2Fen%2Fabout-spc%2Fhistory.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-141"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-141">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="法語">（法文）</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.francophonie.org/-Etats-et-gouvernements-.html">États et gouvernements : le monde de la Francophonie</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20091003114546/http://www.francophonie.org/-Etats-et-gouvernements-.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.francophonie.org/">Site officiel de l'OIF</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20050621003305/http://www.francophonie.org/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</span></li> <li id="cite_note-142"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-142">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="法語">（法文）</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.coi-ioc.org/index.php?id%3D36">Pays membres</a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">互联网档案馆</a>的<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20120402173028/http://www.coi-ioc.org/index.php?id%3D36">存檔</a>，存档日期2012-04-02. – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.coi-ioc.org/index.php?id%3D72">Site officiel de la COI</a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">互联网档案馆</a>的<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20120402173028/http://www.coi-ioc.org/index.php?id%3D36">存檔</a>，存档日期2012-04-02.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-143"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-143">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.acs-aec.org/index.php?q%3Dabout-the-acs">About the Association of Caribbean States</a>. Acs-aec.org. 1994-07-24 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2012-06-22</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20120822100530/http://www.acs-aec.org/index.php?q%3Dabout-the-acs">存档</a>于2012-08-22）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.btitle=About+the+Association+of+Caribbean+States&rft.date=1994-07-24&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Acs-aec.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.acs-aec.org%2Findex.php%3Fq%3Dabout-the-acs&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-144"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-144">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">The French Ministry of Foreign affairs. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20100908014607/http://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/en/ministry_158/embassies-and-consulates_2052/bilateral-embassies_1580.html">France-Diplomatie – Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Development</a>. France Diplomatie : The French Ministry of Foreign affairs. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/en/ministry_158/embassies-and-consulates_2052/bilateral-embassies_1580.html">原始内容</a>存档于2010-09-08）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.atitle=France-Diplomatie+%E2%80%93+Ministry+of+Foreign+Affairs+and+International+Development&rft.au=The+French+Ministry+of+Foreign+affairs&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=France+Diplomatie+%3A+The+French+Ministry+of+Foreign+affairs&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.diplomatie.gouv.fr%2Fen%2Fministry_158%2Fembassies-and-consulates_2052%2Fbilateral-embassies_1580.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-145"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-145">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="法語">（法文）</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.oftt.eu/perspectives/article/l-alliance-franco-allemande-au-coeur-de-la-puissance-europeenne">L'alliance Franco-allemande au coeur de la puissance européenne</a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">互联网档案馆</a>的<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20100123092331/http://www.oftt.eu/perspectives/article/l-alliance-franco-allemande-au-coeur-de-la-puissance-europeenne">存檔</a>，存档日期2010-01-23.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-146"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-146">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/november/27/newsid_4187000/4187714.stm">De Gaulle says 'non' to Britain – again</a>. BBC News. 1967-11-27 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2011-07-21</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20190516184603/http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/november/27/newsid_4187000/4187714.stm">存档</a>于2019-05-16）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.atitle=De+Gaulle+says+%27non%27+to+Britain+%E2%80%93+again&rft.date=1967-11-27&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2Fonthisday%2Fhi%2Fdates%2Fstories%2Fnovember%2F27%2Fnewsid_4187000%2F4187714.stm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-147"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-147">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="法語">（法文）</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.lefigaro.fr/international/2009/03/11/01003-20090311ARTFIG00073-quand-mitterrand-deja-negociait-le-retour-dans-l-otan-.php">Quand Mitterrand, déjà, négociait le retour de la France dans l'OTAN</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20170302135655/http://www.lefigaro.fr/international/2009/03/11/01003-20090311ARTFIG00073-quand-mitterrand-deja-negociait-le-retour-dans-l-otan-.php">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） – <i>Le Figaro</i></span></li> <li id="cite_note-148"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-148">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://edition.cnn.com/2003/WORLD/asiapcf/east/01/23/sprj.irq.china/index.html">China adds voice to Iraq war doubts</a>. CNN. 2003-01-23 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2011-07-21</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629004428/http://edition.cnn.com/2003/WORLD/asiapcf/east/01/23/sprj.irq.china/index.html">存档</a>于2011-06-29）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.atitle=China+adds+voice+to+Iraq+war+doubts&rft.date=2003-01-23&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2003%2FWORLD%2Fasiapcf%2Feast%2F01%2F23%2Fsprj.irq.china%2Findex.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-149"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-149">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/2683409.stm">EU allies unite against Iraq war</a>. BBC News. 2003-01-22 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2011-07-21</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20180626084106/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/2683409.stm">存档</a>于2018-06-26）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.atitle=EU+allies+unite+against+Iraq+war&rft.date=2003-01-22&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Feurope%2F2683409.stm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-150"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-150">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20100225005448/http://usforeignpolicy.about.com/od/newsiss3/tp/iraqwarrelations.htm">Foreign Policy Implications of the Iraq War</a>. Usforeignpolicy.about.com. 2004-03-11 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2010-08-09</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://usforeignpolicy.about.com/od/newsiss3/tp/iraqwarrelations.htm">原始内容</a>存档于2010-02-25）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.btitle=Foreign+Policy+Implications+of+the+Iraq+War&rft.date=2004-03-11&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Usforeignpolicy.about.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fusforeignpolicy.about.com%2Fod%2Fnewsiss3%2Ftp%2Firaqwarrelations.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-151"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-151">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Sean Loughlin CNN Washington Bureau. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://edition.cnn.com/2003/ALLPOLITICS/03/11/sprj.irq.fries/">House cafeterias change names for 'french' fries and 'french' toast</a>. CNN. 2003-03-12 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2011-07-21</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110804224007/http://edition.cnn.com/2003/ALLPOLITICS/03/11/sprj.irq.fries/">存档</a>于2011-08-04）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.atitle=House+cafeterias+change+names+for+%27french%27+fries+and+%27french%27+toast&rft.au=Sean+Loughlin+CNN+Washington+Bureau&rft.date=2003-03-12&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2003%2FALLPOLITICS%2F03%2F11%2Fsprj.irq.fries%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-152"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-152">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="法語">（法文）</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/fr/pays-zones-geo_833/royaume-uni_202/index.html">France-Diplomatie : Royaume-Uni</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20150216184951/http://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/fr/pays-zones-geo_833/royaume-uni_202/index.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） – <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E5%A4%96%E4%BA%A4%E9%83%A8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法國外交部">Ministère des Affaires Étrangères</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-153"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-153">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/7937666.stm">France ends four-decade Nato rift</a>. BBC News. 2009-03-12 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2011-07-21</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010194350/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/7937666.stm">存档</a>于2017-10-10）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.atitle=France+ends+four-decade+Nato+rift&rft.date=2009-03-12&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Feurope%2F7937666.stm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-154"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-154">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Roger, Patrick. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.lemonde.fr/politique/article/2009/03/11/le-retour-de-la-france-dans-l-otan-suscite-un-malaise-dans-les-rangs-de-la-droite_1166352_823448.html">Le retour de la France dans l'OTAN suscite un malaise dans les rangs de la Droite</a>. Le Monde (Paris). 2009-03-11 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2016-07-29</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20160826010825/http://www.lemonde.fr/politique/article/2009/03/11/le-retour-de-la-france-dans-l-otan-suscite-un-malaise-dans-les-rangs-de-la-droite_1166352_823448.html">存档</a>于2016-08-26） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到法语网页">（法语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.atitle=Le+retour+de+la+France+dans+l%27OTAN+suscite+un+malaise+dans+les+rangs+de+la+Droite&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rft.aulast=Roger&rft.date=2009-03-11&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Monde&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lemonde.fr%2Fpolitique%2Farticle%2F2009%2F03%2F11%2Fle-retour-de-la-france-dans-l-otan-suscite-un-malaise-dans-les-rangs-de-la-droite_1166352_823448.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-155"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-155">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://edition.cnn.com/WORLD/9512/france_nuclear/">Fifth French nuclear test sparks international outrage</a>. CNN. 1995-12-28 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2011-07-21</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20171221230828/http://edition.cnn.com/WORLD/9512/france_nuclear/">存档</a>于2017-12-21）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.atitle=Fifth+French+nuclear+test+sparks+international+outrage&rft.date=1995-12-28&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2FWORLD%2F9512%2Ffrance_nuclear%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-156"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-156">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="法語">（法文）</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.memo.fr/article.asp?ID%3DCON_COL_009">L'empire colonial français</a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">互联网档案馆</a>的<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110425142925/http://www.memo.fr/article.asp?ID%3DCON_COL_009">存檔</a>，存档日期2011-04-25.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-157"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-157">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110425024055/http://www.delegfrance-onu-geneve.org/spip.php?article417">France involvement in peace-keeping operations</a>. Delegfrance-onu-geneve.org. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2010-08-09</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.delegfrance-onu-geneve.org/spip.php?article417">原始内容</a>存档于2011-04-25）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.btitle=France+involvement+in+peace-keeping+operations&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Delegfrance-onu-geneve.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.delegfrance-onu-geneve.org%2Fspip.php%3Farticle417&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-OECD-2015-158"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-OECD-2015_158-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.oecd.org/dac/stats/ODA-2015-detailed-summary.pdf">Development aid in 2015 continues to grow despite costs for in-donor refugees</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. OECD. 2016-04-13 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2016-04-29</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20160508134014/http://www.oecd.org/dac/stats/ODA-2015-detailed-summary.pdf">存档</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>于2016-05-08）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.btitle=Development+aid+in+2015+continues+to+grow+despite+costs+for+in-donor+refugees&rft.date=2016-04-13&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=OECD&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oecd.org%2Fdac%2Fstats%2FODA-2015-detailed-summary.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-aid-159"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-aid_159-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/en/france-priorities_1/index.html">France priorities</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20100722114125/http://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/en/france-priorities_1/index.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） – France Diplomatie</span></li> <li id="cite_note-160"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-160">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mail Online, <i>Harrowing loss of Afghanistan troops overshadows France's Bastille Day military parade</i>, 14 July 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2014729/France-proudly-celebrates-Bastille-Day-despite-deaths-soldiers-Afghanistan-overshadowing-annual-parade.html">[2]</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20160821152725/http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2014729/France-proudly-celebrates-Bastille-Day-despite-deaths-soldiers-Afghanistan-overshadowing-annual-parade.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）. Retrieved 5 January 2012</span></li> <li id="cite_note-SIPRI-161"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-SIPRI_161-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.sipri.org/publications/2019/sipri-fact-sheets/trends-world-military-expenditure-2018">Trends in World Military Expenditure</a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">互联网档案馆</a>的<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20200308193539/https://www.sipri.org/publications/2019/sipri-fact-sheets/trends-world-military-expenditure-2018">存檔</a>，存档日期2020-03-08. SIPRI. Retrieved 18 December 2019.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-162"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-162">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="法語">（法文）</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.ladocumentationfrancaise.fr/dossiers/service-civil/fin-service-militaire-obligatoire.shtml">La fin du service militaire obligatoire</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20100808230428/http://www.ladocumentationfrancaise.fr/dossiers/service-civil/fin-service-militaire-obligatoire.shtml">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） – La documentation française</span></li> <li id="cite_note-status-163"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-status_163-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.ctbto.org/the-treaty/status-of-signature-and-ratification/">Status of signature and ratification</a>. CTBTO Preparatory Commission. 2010-05-26 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2010-05-27</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20171214084437/http://www.ctbto.org/the-treaty/status-of-signature-and-ratification/">存档</a>于2017-12-14）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.btitle=Status+of+signature+and+ratification&rft.date=2010-05-26&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=CTBTO+Preparatory+Commission&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ctbto.org%2Fthe-treaty%2Fstatus-of-signature-and-ratification%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-164"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-164">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="法語">（法文）</span> Centre de Documentation et de Recherche sur la Paix et les Conflits, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://obsarm.org/obsnuc/puissances-mondiales/france-forces.html"><i>Etat des forces nucléaires françaises au 15 août 2004</i></a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110725004911/http://obsarm.org/obsnuc/puissances-mondiales/france-forces.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</span></li> <li id="cite_note-165"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-165">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110920085434/http://www.yale.edu/ynhti/curriculum/units/1990/7/90.07.06.x.html">90.07.06: The Aerospace Industry: Its History and How it Affects the U.S. Economy</a>. Yale. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2011-07-21</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.yale.edu/ynhti/curriculum/units/1990/7/90.07.06.x.html">原始内容</a>存档于2011-09-20）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.btitle=90.07.06%3A+The+Aerospace+Industry%3A+Its+History+and+How+it+Affects+the+U.S.+Economy&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Yale&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.yale.edu%2Fynhti%2Fcurriculum%2Funits%2F1990%2F7%2F90.07.06.x.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-166"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-166">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20160218170009/https://thetranslationcompany.com/resources/language-country/french/aerospace-industry-france.htm">Aerospace industry of France</a>. The Translation Company. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2016-01-06</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://thetranslationcompany.com/resources/language-country/french/aerospace-industry-france.htm">原始内容</a>存档于2016-02-18）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.atitle=Aerospace+industry+of+France&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Translation+Company&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthetranslationcompany.com%2Fresources%2Flanguage-country%2Ffrench%2Faerospace-industry-france.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-167"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-167">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"En 2001, la France a vendu pour 1,288 milliard de dollars d'équipements militaires, ce qui la met au troisième rang mondial des exportateurs derrière les États-Unis et la Russie." – "In 2001, France sold $1,288 billion of military equipment, ranking 3rd in the world for arms exportations behind the USA and Russia" <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://lexpansion.lexpress.fr/entreprise/la-france-demeure-un-fournisseur-d-armes-de-premier-plan_95084.html">La France demeure un fournisseur d'armes de premier plan (France stays one of the biggest arms supplier)</a> – L'express. 13 June 2002 <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">互联网档案馆</a>的<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20120311161443/http://lexpansion.lexpress.fr/entreprise/la-france-demeure-un-fournisseur-d-armes-de-premier-plan_95084.html">存檔</a>，存档日期2012-03-11.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-168"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-168">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"La France est au 4ème rang mondial des exportateurs d'armes, derrière les Etats-Unis, le Royaume-Uni et la Russie, et devant Israël, selon un rapport du ministère de la Défense publié l'an dernier." "France is 4th biggest arms exportator, behind the USA, the UK and Russia, and ahead of Israel, according to a report of the Ministry of Defense published a year ago" <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.20minutes.fr/article/551139/Economie-Les-ventes-d-armes-explosent-en-2009.php">Arms sellings explode in 2009</a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Archive-It?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Archive-It">Archive-It</a>的<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20130308140201/http://www.20minutes.fr/article/551139/Economie-Les-ventes-d-armes-explosent-en-2009.php">存檔</a>，存档日期2013-03-08 – 20 minutes</span></li> <li id="cite_note-169"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-169">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.barrons.com/articles/rafale-sales-help-france-reach-arms-exports-record-9efd68a2">Rafale Sales Help France Reach Arms Exports Record</a>. 2023-07-26.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.btitle=Rafale+Sales+Help+France+Reach+Arms+Exports+Record&rft.date=2023-07-26&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.barrons.com%2Farticles%2Frafale-sales-help-france-reach-arms-exports-record-9efd68a2&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-170"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-170">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-france-defence-factbox-idUSBRE93R01X20130428">Factbox: France's military and defense contractors</a>. Reuters. 2013-04-28 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2023-10-28</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20231028020507/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-france-defence-factbox-idUSBRE93R01X20130428">存档</a>于2023-10-28） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">（英语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.atitle=Factbox%3A+France%27s+military+and+defense+contractors&rft.date=2013-04-28&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-france-defence-factbox-idUSBRE93R01X20130428&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-171"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-171">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2186rank.html">The World Factbook</a>. CIA. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2013-10-01</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20070613005546/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2186rank.html">存档</a>于2007-06-13）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.btitle=The+World+Factbook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=CIA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Flibrary%2Fpublications%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Frankorder%2F2186rank.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-172"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-172">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">John, Mark. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/10/26/us-france-debt-idUSBRE89P0SO20121026">Analysis: Low French borrowing costs risk negative reappraisal</a>. Reuters. 2012-10-26 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2012-11-27</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20130502014859/http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/10/26/us-france-debt-idUSBRE89P0SO20121026">存档</a>于2013-05-02）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.atitle=Analysis%3A+Low+French+borrowing+costs+risk+negative+reappraisal&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft.aulast=John&rft.date=2012-10-26&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2F2012%2F10%2F26%2Fus-france-debt-idUSBRE89P0SO20121026&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-bloomberg.com-173"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-bloomberg.com_173-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bloomberg (2012) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.bloomberg.com/quote/GFRN10:IND">French government bond interest rates</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20160819204354/http://www.bloomberg.com/quote/GFRN10:IND">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） (graph)</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Bloomberg_2012-174"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Bloomberg_2012_174-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bloomberg (2012) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.bloomberg.com/quote/GDBR10:IND">German government bond interest rates</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20160728092828/http://www.bloomberg.com/quote/GDBR10:IND">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） (graph)</span></li> <li id="cite_note-euroc-175"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-euroc_175-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Andrews, Edmund L. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.nytimes.com/2002/01/01/world/germans-say-goodbye-to-the-mark-a-symbol-of-strength-and-unity.html">Germans Say Goodbye to the Mark, a Symbol of Strength and Unity</a>. The New York Times. 2002-01-01 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2011-03-18</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110501031330/http://www.nytimes.com/2002/01/01/world/germans-say-goodbye-to-the-mark-a-symbol-of-strength-and-unity.html">存档</a>于2011-05-01）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.atitle=Germans+Say+Goodbye+to+the+Mark%2C+a+Symbol+of+Strength+and+Unity&rft.aufirst=Edmund+L.&rft.aulast=Andrews&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2002%2F01%2F01%2Fworld%2Fgermans-say-goodbye-to-the-mark-a-symbol-of-strength-and-unity.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-176"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-176">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Taylor Martin, Susan. On Jan. 1, out of many arises one Euro. <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/St._Petersburg_Times?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Petersburg Times">St. Petersburg Times</a>. 1998-12-28: National, 1.A.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.atitle=On+Jan.+1%2C+out+of+many+arises+one+Euro&rft.aufirst=Susan&rft.aulast=Taylor+Martin&rft.date=1998-12-28&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=St.+Petersburg+Times&rft.pages=National%2C+1.A&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-177"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-177">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/static/in_depth/business/2001/euro_cash/history/">History of the Euro</a>. BBC News. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2010-10-30</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20101202032231/http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/static/in_depth/business/2001/euro_cash/history/">存档</a>于2010-12-02）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.atitle=History+of+the+Euro&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2Fhi%2Fenglish%2Fstatic%2Fin_depth%2Fbusiness%2F2001%2Feuro_cash%2Fhistory%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-178"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-178">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://fortune.com/global500/">Fortune Global 500</a>. Fortune. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2015-03-03</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20171103183928/http://fortune.com/global500">存档</a>于2017-11-03）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.atitle=Fortune+Global+500&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffortune.com%2Fglobal500%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-179"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-179">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.wto.org/english/res_e/statis_e/its2008_e/its2008_e.pdf">International Trade Statistics 2008</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/WTO?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="WTO">World Trade Organization</a> (WTO): 12. 2009 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2011-07-05</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110605022421/http://www.wto.org/english/res_e/statis_e/its2008_e/its2008_e.pdf">存档</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>于2011-06-05）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.btitle=International+Trade+Statistics+2008&rft.date=2009&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pages=12&rft.pub=World+Trade+Organization+%28WTO%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wto.org%2Fenglish%2Fres_e%2Fstatis_e%2Fits2008_e%2Fits2008_e.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-FDI-180"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FDI_180-0"><sup><b>161.0</b></sup></a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FDI_180-1"><sup><b>161.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.unctad.org/sections/dite_dir/docs/wir09_fs_fr_en.pdf">Country fact sheet: France</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. World Investment Report 2009. <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/UNCTAD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="UNCTAD">United Nations Conference on Trade and Development</a> (UNCTAD). <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2010-10-07</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20100704045547/http://www.unctad.org/sections/dite_dir/docs/wir09_fs_fr_en.pdf">存档</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>于2010-07-04）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.atitle=Country+fact+sheet%3A+France&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+Investment+Report+2009&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unctad.org%2Fsections%2Fdite_dir%2Fdocs%2Fwir09_fs_fr_en.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-FDI2-181"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FDI2_181-0"><sup><b>162.0</b></sup></a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FDI2_181-1"><sup><b>162.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.unctad.org/sections/dite_dir/docs/wir09_fs_jp_en.pdf">Country fact sheet: Japan</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. World Investment Report 2009. UNCTAD. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2010-10-07</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20100704045522/http://www.unctad.org/sections/dite_dir/docs/wir09_fs_jp_en.pdf">存档</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>于2010-07-04）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.atitle=Country+fact+sheet%3A+Japan&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+Investment+Report+2009&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unctad.org%2Fsections%2Fdite_dir%2Fdocs%2Fwir09_fs_jp_en.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-182"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-182">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.insee.fr/fr/themes/tableau.asp?reg_id%3D0%26ref_id%3DNATTEF09203">Entreprises selon le nombre de salariés et l'activité</a>. <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/INSEE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="INSEE">INSEE</a>. 2008-07 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2016-07-29</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20091115094528/http://www.insee.fr/fr/themes/tableau.asp?reg_id%3D0%26ref_id%3DNATTEF09203">存档</a>于2009-11-15） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到法语网页">（法语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.btitle=Entreprises+selon+le+nombre+de+salari%C3%A9s+et+l%27activit%C3%A9&rft.date=2008-07&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=INSEE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.insee.fr%2Ffr%2Fthemes%2Ftableau.asp%3Freg_id%3D0%26ref_id%3DNATTEF09203&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-183"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-183">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.insee.fr/fr/themes/tableau.asp?reg_id%3D0%26ref_id%3DNATTEF9303">Entreprises publiques selon l'activité économique</a>. INSEE. 2009-03 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2016-07-29</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20091202213356/http://www.insee.fr/fr/themes/tableau.asp?reg_id%3D0%26ref_id%3DNATTEF9303">存档</a>于2009-12-02） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到法语网页">（法语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.btitle=Entreprises+publiques+selon+l%27activit%C3%A9+%C3%A9conomique&rft.date=2009-03&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=INSEE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.insee.fr%2Ffr%2Fthemes%2Ftableau.asp%3Freg_id%3D0%26ref_id%3DNATTEF9303&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-184"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-184">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="法語">（法文）</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.gralon.net/articles/economie-et-finance/bourse/article-la-bourse-de-paris---une-institution-depuis-1724-981.htm">La Bourse de Paris : une institution depuis 1724</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110908044848/http://www.gralon.net/articles/economie-et-finance/bourse/article-la-bourse-de-paris---une-institution-depuis-1724-981.htm">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</span></li> <li id="cite_note-banque-185"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-banque_185-0"><sup><b>166.0</b></sup></a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-banque_185-1"><sup><b>166.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Embassy of France. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20111009235442/http://ambafrance-us.org/spip.php?article511">Embassy of France in Washington: Economy of France</a>. Ambafrance-us.org. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2011-07-16</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.ambafrance-us.org/spip.php?article511">原始内容</a>存档于2011-10-09）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.au=Embassy+of+France&rft.btitle=Embassy+of+France+in+Washington%3A+Economy+of+France&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Ambafrance-us.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ambafrance-us.org%2Fspip.php%3Farticle511&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-186"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-186">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110712190110/http://www.doughroller.net/banking/largest-banks-in-the-world/">The 10 Largest Banks in the World</a>. Doughroller.net. 2010-06-15 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2011-07-16</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.doughroller.net/banking/largest-banks-in-the-world/">原始内容</a>存档于2011-07-12）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.btitle=The+10+Largest+Banks+in+the+World&rft.date=2010-06-15&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Doughroller.net&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.doughroller.net%2Fbanking%2Flargest-banks-in-the-world%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-ministère-187"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-minist%C3%A8re_187-0"><sup><b>168.0</b></sup></a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-minist%C3%A8re_187-1"><sup><b>168.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://agriculture.gouv.fr/IMG/pdf/panorama_agriculture_ed2008EN.pdf">A panorama of the agriculture and agri-food industries</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20100921021111/http://agriculture.gouv.fr/IMG/pdf/panorama_agriculture_ed2008EN.pdf">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） – Ministère de l'Alimentation, de l'Agriculture et de la Pêche</span></li> <li id="cite_note-188"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-188">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/en/france_159/economy_6815/overview-of-the-french-economy_6831/key-figures-of-the-french-economy_1402.html%23sommaire_1">Key figures of the French economy</a>. French Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2016-07-29</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20100114024542/http://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/en/france_159/economy_6815/overview-of-the-french-economy_6831/key-figures-of-the-french-economy_1402.html%23sommaire_1">存档</a>于2010-01-14）. <q>France is the world's fifth largest exporter of goods (mainly durables). The country ranks fourth in services and third in agriculture (especially in cereals and the agri-food sector). It is the leading producer and exporter of farm products in Europe.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.btitle=Key+figures+of+the+French+economy&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=French+Ministry+of+Foreign+and+European+Affairs&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.diplomatie.gouv.fr%2Fen%2Ffrance_159%2Feconomy_6815%2Foverview-of-the-french-economy_6831%2Fkey-figures-of-the-french-economy_1402.html%23sommaire_1&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-189"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-189">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="法語">（法文）</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://agriculture.gouv.fr/un-ministere-au-service-de-votre">Un ministère au service de votre alimentation</a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">互联网档案馆</a>的<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20100806180615/http://agriculture.gouv.fr/un-ministere-au-service-de-votre">存檔</a>，存档日期2010-08-06. – Ministère de l'Alimentation, de l'Agriculture et de la Pêche</span></li> <li id="cite_note-190"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-190">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://ec.europa.eu/agriculture/fin/directaid/2007/annex1_en.pdf">Annex 1: Indicative Figures on the Distribution of Aid, by Size-Class of Aid, Received in the Context of Direct Aid Paid to the Producers According to Council Regulation (EC) No 1782/2003 (Financial Year 2007)</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/European_Commission?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="European Commission">European Commission</a>. 2009-04-22 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2010-10-07</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110430163204/http://ec.europa.eu/agriculture/fin/directaid/2007/annex1_en.pdf">存档</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>于2011-04-30）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.btitle=Annex+1%3A+Indicative+Figures+on+the+Distribution+of+Aid%2C+by+Size-Class+of+Aid%2C+Received+in+the+Context+of+Direct+Aid+Paid+to+the+Producers+According+to+Council+Regulation+%28EC%29+No+1782%2F2003+%28Financial+Year+2007%29&rft.date=2009-04-22&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=European+Commission&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fec.europa.eu%2Fagriculture%2Ffin%2Fdirectaid%2F2007%2Fannex1_en.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-191"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-191">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20111009235442/http://ambafrance-us.org/spip.php?article511">France in the United States: Economy</a>. Embassy of France in Washington. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2010-04-23</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.ambafrance-us.org/spip.php?article511">原始内容</a>存档于2011-10-09）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.btitle=France+in+the+United+States%3A+Economy&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Embassy+of+France+in+Washington&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ambafrance-us.org%2Fspip.php%3Farticle511&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-CHN-192"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-CHN_192-0"><sup><b>173.0</b></sup></a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-CHN_192-1"><sup><b>173.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/web/gjhdq_676201/gj_676203/oz_678770/1206_679134/1206x0_679136/">法国国家概况</a>. 中华人民共和国外交部. 2016年1月 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2016-07-29</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20160713203134/http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/web/gjhdq_676201/gj_676203/oz_678770/1206_679134/1206x0_679136/">存档</a>于2016-07-13）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.btitle=%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E6%A6%82%E5%86%B5&rft.date=2016-01&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%96%E4%BA%A4%E9%83%A8&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fmprc.gov.cn%2Fweb%2Fgjhdq_676201%2Fgj_676203%2Foz_678770%2F1206_679134%2F1206x0_679136%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-tourism.stat-193"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-tourism.stat_193-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20170114073819/http://www.e-unwto.org/doi/pdf/10.18111/9789284416226">UNWTO Highlights</a>. United Nations World Tourism Organization. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2013-09-11</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.e-unwto.org/doi/pdf/10.18111/9789284416226">原始内容</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>存档于2017-01-14）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.btitle=UNWTO+Highlights&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=United+Nations+World+Tourism+Organization&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.e-unwto.org%2Fdoi%2Fpdf%2F10.18111%2F9789284416226&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-194"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-194">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Dilorenzo, Sarah. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://bigstory.ap.org/article/france-learns-speak-touriste-0">France learns to welcome, to speak 'touriste<span style="padding-right:0.2em;">'</span></a>. The Burlington Free Press (Burlington, Vermont). 2013-07-20: 5A <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2013-07-20</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20130822043825/http://bigstory.ap.org/article/france-learns-speak-touriste-0">存档</a>于2013-08-22）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.atitle=France+learns+to+welcome%2C+to+speak+%27touriste%27&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rft.aulast=Dilorenzo&rft.date=2013-07-20&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Burlington+Free+Press&rft.pages=5A&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbigstory.ap.org%2Farticle%2Ffrance-learns-speak-touriste-0&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-195"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-195">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20100602032710/http://www.themeit.com/etea/2009report.pdf">2009 Theme Index. The Global Attractions Attendance Report, 2009</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. Themed Entertainment Association. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2010-10-07</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.themeit.com/etea/2009report.pdf">原始内容</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>存档于2010-06-02）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.btitle=2009+Theme+Index.+The+Global+Attractions+Attendance+Report%2C+2009&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Themed+Entertainment+Association&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.themeit.com%2Fetea%2F2009report.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-196"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-196">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110425152011/http://www.frenchriviera-tourism.com/regional-tourism-organization/the-french-riviera-tourist-board-06_191.html">The French Riviera Tourist Board</a>. 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cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到法语网页">（法语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.btitle=Fr%C3%A9quentation+des+mus%C3%A9es+et+des+b%C3%A2timents+historiques&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww2.culture.gouv.fr%2Fdeps%2Fmini_chiff_03%2Ffr%2Fmusee.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-IEA-KeyWorld-2012-200"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-IEA-KeyWorld-2012_200-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">International Energy Ageny, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/KeyWorld2014.pdf">IEA—Key World Energy Statistics 2012</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20150405035039/http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/KeyWorld2014.pdf">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）, published 2014</span></li> <li id="cite_note-201"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-201">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.world-nuclear.org/info/Facts-and-Figures/Nuclear-generation-by-country/%23.UkrawYakrOM">Nuclear shares of electricity generation</a>. 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France Diplomatie. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2016-07-29</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20150522152217/http://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/en/french-foreign-policy-1/scientific-diplomacy/events-7867/article/france-at-the-heart-of-the-rosetta">存档</a>于2015-05-22）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.au=French+Ministry+of+Foreign+Affairs+and+International+Development&rft.btitle=France+at+the+heart+of+the+Rosetta+space+mission%3A+a+unique+technological+challenge&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=France+Diplomatie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.diplomatie.gouv.fr%2Fen%2Ffrench-foreign-policy-1%2Fscientific-diplomacy%2Fevents-7867%2Farticle%2Ffrance-at-the-heart-of-the-rosetta&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-230"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-230">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/6521295.stm">BBC NEWS – Europe – French set new rail speed record</a>. bbc.co.uk. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2016-07-29</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20160821160231/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/6521295.stm">存档</a>于2016-08-21）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.atitle=BBC+NEWS+%E2%80%93+Europe+%E2%80%93+French+set+new+rail+speed+record&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=bbc.co.uk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2F6521295.stm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-231"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-231">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/lists/all/">All Nobel Prizes</a>. 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Insee.fr. Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2016-01-21</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20151211172343/http://www.insee.fr/fr/themes/tableau.asp?ref_id%3DNATnon02145">存档</a>于2015-12-11）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.atitle=%C3%89volution+de+la+population+jusqu%27en+2016&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Insee.fr&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.insee.fr%2Ffr%2Fthemes%2Ftableau.asp%3Fref_id%3DNATnon02145&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-metropolitanINSEE-234"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-metropolitanINSEE_234-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.insee.fr/fr/themes/detail.asp?reg_id%3D0%26ref_id%3Dbilan-demo%26page%3Ddonnees-detaillees/bilan-demo/pop_age2.htm">Population totale par sexe et âge au 1er janvier 2016, France métropolitaine</a>. Insee.fr. Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2016-01-22</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20181219115156/http://www.insee.fr/fr/themes/detail.asp?reg_id%3D0%26ref_id%3Dbilan-demo%26page%3Ddonnees-detaillees%252Fbilan-demo%252Fpop_age2.htm">存档</a>于2018-12-19）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.atitle=Population+totale+par+sexe+et+%C3%A2ge+au+1er+janvier+2016%2C+France+m%C3%A9tropolitaine&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Insee.fr&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.insee.fr%2Ffr%2Fthemes%2Fdetail.asp%3Freg_id%3D0%26ref_id%3Dbilan-demo%26page%3Ddonnees-detaillees%2Fbilan-demo%2Fpop_age2.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-evol-235"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-evol_235-0"><sup><b>216.0</b></sup></a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-evol_235-1"><sup><b>216.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">INSEE, Government of France. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.insee.fr/fr/themes/detail.asp?reg_id%3D0%26ref_id%3Dbilan-demo%26page%3Ddonnees-detaillees/bilan-demo/pop_age3.htm%23evol-gen-sit-demo-fe">Évolution générale de la situation démographique, France</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2011-01-20</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20180310021332/http://www.insee.fr/fr/themes/detail.asp?reg_id%3D0%23evol-gen-sit-demo-fe">存档</a>于2018-03-10） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到法语网页">（法语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.aufirst=Government+of+France&rft.aulast=INSEE&rft.btitle=%C3%89volution+g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale+de+la+situation+d%C3%A9mographique%2C+France&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.insee.fr%2Ffr%2Fthemes%2Fdetail.asp%3Freg_id%3D0%26ref_id%3Dbilan-demo%26page%3Ddonnees-detaillees%2Fbilan-demo%2Fpop_age3.htm%23evol-gen-sit-demo-fe&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-population-236"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-population_236-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/INSEE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="INSEE">INSEE</a>, <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Cabinet_of_France&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Cabinet of France（页面不存在）">Government of France</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.insee.fr/fr/themes/document.asp?ref_id%3Dip1332">Bilan démographique 2010</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2011-01-20</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110121023725/http://www.insee.fr/fr/themes/document.asp?ref_id%3Dip1332">存档</a>于2011-01-21） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到法语网页">（法语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.aufirst=Government+of+France&rft.aulast=INSEE&rft.btitle=Bilan+d%C3%A9mographique+2010&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.insee.fr%2Ffr%2Fthemes%2Fdocument.asp%3Fref_id%3Dip1332&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-237"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-237">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">INSEE, Government of France. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.insee.fr/fr/ppp/bases-de-donnees/irweb/sd2008/dd/excel/sd2008_t44_fe.xls">Tableau 44 – Taux de fécondité générale par âge de la mère</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2011-01-20</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110427013815/http://www.insee.fr/fr/ppp/bases-de-donnees/irweb/sd2008/dd/excel/sd2008_t44_fe.xls">存档</a>于2011-04-27） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到法语网页">（法语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.aufirst=Government+of+France&rft.aulast=INSEE&rft.btitle=Tableau+44+%E2%80%93+Taux+de+f%C3%A9condit%C3%A9+g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale+par+%C3%A2ge+de+la+m%C3%A8re&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.insee.fr%2Ffr%2Fppp%2Fbases-de-donnees%2Firweb%2Fsd2008%2Fdd%2Fexcel%2Fsd2008_t44_fe.xls&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-238"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-238">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.insee.fr/fr/themes/detail.asp?ref_id%3Dir-sd20101">Naissances selon le pays de naissance des parents 2010</a>. Insee.fr. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2013-10-01</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927161644/http://www.insee.fr/fr/themes/detail.asp?ref_id%3Dir-sd20101">存档</a>于2013-09-27）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.btitle=Naissances+selon+le+pays+de+naissance+des+parents+2010&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Insee.fr&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.insee.fr%2Ffr%2Fthemes%2Fdetail.asp%3Fref_id%3Dir-sd20101&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-239"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-239">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jean-Louis Brunaux, Nos ancêtres les Gaulois, éd. Seuil, 2008, p. 261"</span></li> <li id="cite_note-240"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-240">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="法語">（法文）</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.insee.fr/fr/themes/document.asp?ref_id%3Dip1220">Bilan démographique 2008</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20090602211630/http://www.insee.fr/fr/themes/document.asp?ref_id%3Dip1220">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） - <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/INSEE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="INSEE">INSEE</a> (<i>Institut National de la Statistique et des Études Économiques</i> - French National Institute for Statistics and Economic Studies)</span></li> <li id="cite_note-241"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-241">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DuUsLAAAAIAAJ%26pg%3DPA22">Transactions of the American Philosophical Society. III. French Government and the Refugees</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20160624062342/https://books.google.com/books?id%3DuUsLAAAAIAAJ%26pg%3DPA22">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</i>". American Philosophical Society, James E. Hassell (1991). p. 22. <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/087169817X?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-87169-817-X</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-242"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-242">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Markham, James M. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res%3D940DEFDE1539F935A35757C0A96E948260%26sec%3D%26spon%3D%26pagewanted%3Dall">For Pieds-Noirs, the Anger Endures</a>. The New York Times. 1988-04-06 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2016-07-29</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20090318193931/http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res%3D940DEFDE1539F935A35757C0A96E948260%26sec%3D%26spon%3D%26pagewanted%3Dall">存档</a>于2009-03-18）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.atitle=For+Pieds-Noirs%2C+the+Anger+Endures&rft.aufirst=James+M.&rft.aulast=Markham&rft.date=1988-04-06&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fquery.nytimes.com%2Fgst%2Ffullpage.html%3Fres%3D940DEFDE1539F935A35757C0A96E948260%26sec%3D%26spon%3D%26pagewanted%3Dall&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-243"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-243">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Raimondo Cagiano De Azevedo (1994). <i>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DN8VHizsqaH0C%26pg%3DPA25">Migration and development co-operation.</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20150906025429/https://books.google.com/books?id%3DN8VHizsqaH0C%26pg%3DPA25">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）"</i>. p. 25.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-244"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-244">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Yazid Sabeg et Laurence Méhaignerie, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.conventioncitoyenne.com/documents/oubliesdelegalite.pdf">Les oubliés de l'égalité des chances</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20130421134210/http://www.conventioncitoyenne.com/documents/oubliesdelegalite.pdf">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）, Institut Montaigne, January 2004</span></li> <li id="cite_note-245"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-245">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.economist.com/node/13377324">France's ethnic minorities: To count or not to count</a>. The Economist. 2009-03-26 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2013-04-25</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20180526185825/https://www.economist.com/node/13377324">存档</a>于2018-05-26）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.atitle=France%27s+ethnic+minorities%3A+To+count+or+not+to+count&rft.date=2009-03-26&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2Fnode%2F13377324&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-246"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-246">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://teo_english.site.ined.fr/">"TRAJECTORIES AND ORIGINS" Survey on population diversity in France</a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">互联网档案馆</a>的<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20111202054910/http://teo_english.site.ined.fr/">存檔</a>，存档日期2011-12-02., Insee 2008</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Oppenheimer-247"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Oppenheimer_247-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Oppenheimer, David B. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id%3D1236362">Why France needs to collect data on racial identity...in a French way</a>. Hastings International and Comparative Law Review. 2008, <b>31</b> (2): 735–752 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2016-07-29</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20111111213231/http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id%3D1236362">存档</a>于2011-11-11）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.atitle=Why+France+needs+to+collect+data+on+racial+identity...in+a+French+way&rft.aufirst=David+B.&rft.aulast=Oppenheimer&rft.date=2008&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=2&rft.jtitle=Hastings+International+and+Comparative+Law+Review&rft.pages=735-752&rft.volume=31&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpapers.ssrn.com%2Fsol3%2Fpapers.cfm%3Fabstract_id%3D1236362&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Cohen1995-248"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Cohen1995_248-0"><sup><b>229.0</b></sup></a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Cohen1995_248-1"><sup><b>229.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Robin Cohen. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DYbzsBPuhyggC">The Cambridge Survey of World Migration</a>. Cambridge University Press. 1995-11-02 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2016-07-29</span>]</span>. <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-521-44405-7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-521-44405-7"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-0-521-44405-7</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20160624062401/https://books.google.com/books?id%3DYbzsBPuhyggC">存档</a>于2016-06-24）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.au=Robin+Cohen&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+Survey+of+World+Migration&rft.date=1995-11-02&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-521-44405-7&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYbzsBPuhyggC&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-249"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-249">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/frances-crisis-of-national-identity-1826942.html">France's crisis of national identity</a>. The Independent (London). 2009-11-25 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2016-07-29</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20160810092508/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/frances-crisis-of-national-identity-1826942.html">存档</a>于2016-08-10）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.atitle=France%27s+crisis+of+national+identity&rft.date=2009-11-25&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Ffrances-crisis-of-national-identity-1826942.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-250"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-250">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Les personnes d'origine maghrébine y sont également au nombre de 5 à 6 millions; 3,5 millions ont la nationalité française (don't 500 000 harkis)", Évelyne Perrin, <i>Identité Nationale, Amer Ministère</i>, L'Harmattan, 2010, p. 112 <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/2296108393?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 2-296-10839-3</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-251"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-251">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Falila Gbadamassi. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20131002085632/http://www.afrik.com/article16248.html">Les personnes originaires d'Afrique, des Dom-Tom et de la Turquie sont 5,5 millions dans l'Hexagone</a>. Afrik.com. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2013-09-30</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.afrik.com/article16248.html">原始内容</a>存档于2013-10-02）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.au=Falila+Gbadamassi&rft.btitle=Les+personnes+originaires+d%27Afrique%2C+des+Dom-Tom+et+de+la+Turquie+sont+5%2C5+millions+dans+l%27Hexagone&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Afrik.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.afrik.com%2Farticle16248.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-252"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-252">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Richburg, Keith B. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A12396-2005Apr23.html">Europe's Minority Politicians in Short Supply</a>. The Washington Post. 2005-04-24 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2016-07-29</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20160506144158/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A12396-2005Apr23.html">存档</a>于2016-05-06）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.atitle=Europe%27s+Minority+Politicians+in+Short+Supply&rft.aufirst=Keith+B.&rft.aulast=Richburg&rft.date=2005-04-24&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fwp-dyn%2Farticles%2FA12396-2005Apr23.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-253"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-253">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Sachs, Susan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.csmonitor.com/2007/0112/p01s04-woeu.html">In officially colorblind France, blacks have a dream – and now a lobby</a>. The Christian Science Monitor (Boston). 2007-01-12 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2016-07-29</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20160827133159/http://www.csmonitor.com/2007/0112/p01s04-woeu.html">存档</a>于2016-08-27）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.atitle=In+officially+colorblind+France%2C+blacks+have+a+dream+%E2%80%93+and+now+a+lobby&rft.aufirst=Susan&rft.aulast=Sachs&rft.date=2007-01-12&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Christian+Science+Monitor&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.csmonitor.com%2F2007%2F0112%2Fp01s04-woeu.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-254"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-254">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.ined.fr/fr/pop_chiffres/france/flux_immigration/depuis_1994/">Statistiques détaillées sur les flux d'immigration</a>, Ined, 2011 <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">互联网档案馆</a>的<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20120523053018/http://www.ined.fr/fr/pop_chiffres/france/flux_immigration/depuis_1994/">存檔</a>，存档日期2012-05-23.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-UNHCR-255"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-UNHCR_255-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.unhcr.org/publ/PUBL/4492677f0.pdf">UNHCR Global Report 2005: Western Europe</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E5%9B%BD%E9%9A%BE%E6%B0%91%E7%BD%B2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="联合国难民署">UNHCR</a>. 2006 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2006-12-14</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20070614025835/http://www.unhcr.org/publ/PUBL/4492677f0.pdf">存档</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>于2007-06-14）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.btitle=UNHCR+Global+Report+2005%3A+Western+Europe&rft.date=2006&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=UNHCR&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhcr.org%2Fpubl%2FPUBL%2F4492677f0.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-256"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-256">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.insee.fr/fr/themes/document.asp?reg_id%3D0%26ref_id%3Dip1287">Être né en France d'un parent immigré</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20160411221711/http://www.insee.fr/fr/themes/document.asp?reg_id%3D0%26ref_id%3Dip1287">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）, Insee Première, n°1287, mars 2010, Catherine Borrel et Bertrand Lhommeau, Insee</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Insee_1-257"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Insee_1_257-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.insee.fr/fr/themes/tableau.asp?reg_id%3D0%26ref_id%3Dimmigrespaysnais">Répartition des immigrés par pays de naissance 2008</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20111026174732/http://www.insee.fr/fr/themes/tableau.asp?reg_id%3D0%26ref_id%3Dimmigrespaysnais">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）, Insee, October 2011</span></li> <li id="cite_note-INSEE1-258"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-INSEE1_258-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">INSEE. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20061212212050/http://www.insee.fr/fr/ffc/ipweb/ip1098/ip1098.html%23encadre1">Enquêtes annuelles de recensement 2004 et 2005</a>. 2005-01-25 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2006-12-14</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.insee.fr/fr/ffc/ipweb/ip1098/ip1098.html%23encadre1">原始内容</a>存档于2006-12-12） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到法语网页">（法语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.au=INSEE&rft.btitle=Enqu%C3%AAtes+annuelles+de+recensement+2004+et+2005&rft.date=2005-01-25&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.insee.fr%2Ffr%2Fffc%2Fipweb%2Fip1098%2Fip1098.html%23encadre1&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-259"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-259">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Swalec, Andrea. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://in.reuters.com/article/2010/07/06/idINIndia-49921620100706">Turks and Moroccans top list of new EU citizens</a>. Reuters. 2010-07-06 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2016-07-29</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20120112223503/http://in.reuters.com/article/2010/07/06/idINIndia-49921620100706">存档</a>于2012-01-12）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.atitle=Turks+and+Moroccans+top+list+of+new+EU+citizens&rft.aufirst=Andrea&rft.aulast=Swalec&rft.date=2010-07-06&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fin.reuters.com%2Farticle%2F2010%2F07%2F06%2FidINIndia-49921620100706&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-sudouest.fr-260"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-sudouest.fr_260-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.sudouest.fr/2014/11/28/qui-sont-les-nouveaux-immigres-qui-vivent-en-france-1751452-705.php">Qui sont les nouveaux immigrés qui vivent en France ?</a>. SudOuest.fr. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2016-07-29</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20160717001609/http://www.sudouest.fr/2014/11/28/qui-sont-les-nouveaux-immigres-qui-vivent-en-france-1751452-705.php">存档</a>于2016-07-17）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.atitle=Qui+sont+les+nouveaux+immigr%C3%A9s+qui+vivent+en+France+%3F&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=SudOuest.fr&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sudouest.fr%2F2014%2F11%2F28%2Fqui-sont-les-nouveaux-immigres-qui-vivent-en-france-1751452-705.php&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-261"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-261">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="法語">（法文）</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604145028/http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/html/constitution/constitution2.htm%23titre2">La Constitution- La Constitution du 4 Octobre 1958</a> – Légifrance</span></li> <li id="cite_note-262"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-262">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">affairs, The French Ministry of Foreign. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/en/french-foreign-policy/francophony/the-status-of-french-in-the-world/">The status of French in the world</a>. France Diplomatie :: Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Development. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2016-06-15</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20170509010558/http://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/en/french-foreign-policy/francophony/the-status-of-french-in-the-world">存档</a>于2017-05-09） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">（英语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.atitle=The+status+of+French+in+the+world&rft.aufirst=The+French+Ministry+of+Foreign&rft.aulast=affairs&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=France+Diplomatie+%3A%3A+Ministry+of+Foreign+Affairs+and+International+Development&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.diplomatie.gouv.fr%2Fen%2Ffrench-foreign-policy%2Ffrancophony%2Fthe-status-of-french-in-the-world%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-exception-263"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-exception_263-0"><sup><b>244.0</b></sup></a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-exception_263-1"><sup><b>244.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Joffre Agnes <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.franceinlondon.com/en-Article-335-Is-the-French-obsession-with-cultural-exception-declining-Culture--london-language.html">ls the French obsession with "cultural exception" declining?</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20111017023619/http://www.franceinlondon.com/en-Article-335-Is-the-French-obsession-with-cultural-exception-declining-Culture--london-language.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）. France in London. 5 October 2008</span></li> <li id="cite_note-264"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-264">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.languefrancaise.net/dossiers/dossiers.php?id_dossier%3D66">Rapport Grégoire an II</a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">互联网档案馆</a>的<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20080405022802/http://www.languefrancaise.net/dossiers/dossiers.php?id_dossier%3D66">存檔</a>，存档日期2008-04-05.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-265"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-265">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719183516/http://www.diplomacy.edu/language/Translation/default.htm">Language and Diplomacy – Translation and Interpretation</a>. 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Berkley Center for Religion, Peace, and World Affairs. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2011-12-14</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://berkleycenter.georgetown.edu/resources/countries/france">原始内容</a>存档于2011-02-06）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.btitle=France&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Berkley+Center+for+Religion%2C+Peace%2C+and+World+Affairs&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fberkleycenter.georgetown.edu%2Fresources%2Fcountries%2Ffrance&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-270"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-270">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Joy of Sects, Sam Jordison, 2006, p. 166</span></li> <li id="cite_note-271"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-271">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/rap-enq/r2468.asp">Commission d'enquête sur les sectes</a>. Assemblee-nationale.fr. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2010-10-30</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225144222/http://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/rap-enq/r2468.asp">存档</a>于2018-12-25）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.btitle=Commission+d%27enqu%C3%AAte+sur+les+sectes&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Assemblee-nationale.fr&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.assemblee-nationale.fr%2Frap-enq%2Fr2468.asp&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-272"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-272">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20090916220047/http://www.understandfrance.org/France/Society2.html">Society2 ; religion in France ; beliefs ; secularism (laicité)</a>. Understandfrance.org. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2009-09-20</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.understandfrance.org/France/Society2.html">原始内容</a>存档于2009-09-16）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.btitle=Society2+%3B+religion+in+France+%3B+beliefs+%3B+secularism+%28laicit%C3%A9%29&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Understandfrance.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.understandfrance.org%2FFrance%2FSociety2.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><sup>[ <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:V?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:V">个人出版物</a> ]</sup></span></li> <li id="cite_note-catho-273"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-catho_273-0"><sup><b>254.0</b></sup></a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-catho_273-1"><sup><b>254.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="法語">（法文）</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.la-croix.com/Religion/S-informer/Actualite/La-France-reste-catholique-mais-moins-pratiquante-_NG_-2009-12-29-570979">La France reste catholique mais moins pratiquante</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20160827200652/http://www.la-croix.com/Religion/S-informer/Actualite/La-France-reste-catholique-mais-moins-pratiquante-_NG_-2009-12-29-570979">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） – La Croix. 29 December 2009</span></li> <li id="cite_note-274"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-274">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Robert Marquand. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.csmonitor.com/World/2012/0712/In-a-France-suspicious-of-religion-evangelicalism-s-message-strikes-a-chord">In a France suspicious of religion, evangelicalism's message strikes a chord</a>. The Christian Science Monitor. 2012-07-12 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2013-04-25</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20200603160251/https://www.csmonitor.com/World/2012/0712/In-a-France-suspicious-of-religion-evangelicalism-s-message-strikes-a-chord">存档</a>于2020-06-03）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.au=Robert+Marquand&rft.btitle=In+a+France+suspicious+of+religion%2C+evangelicalism%27s+message+strikes+a+chord&rft.date=2012-07-12&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=The+Christian+Science+Monitor&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.csmonitor.com%2FWorld%2F2012%2F0712%2FIn-a-France-suspicious-of-religion-evangelicalism-s-message-strikes-a-chord&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-275"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-275">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Catholic World News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.catholicculture.org/news/features/index.cfm?recnum%3D48547">France is no longer Catholic, survey shows</a>. 2003 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2009-12-19</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110501035606/http://www.catholicculture.org/news/features/index.cfm?recnum%3D48547">存档</a>于2011-05-01）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.au=Catholic+World+News&rft.btitle=France+is+no+longer+Catholic%2C+survey+shows&rft.date=2003&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.catholicculture.org%2Fnews%2Ffeatures%2Findex.cfm%3Frecnum%3D48547&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-276"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-276">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">La Vie, issue 3209, 1 March 2007 <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="法語">（法文）</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-religion-277"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-religion_277-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="羅馬尼亞語">（罗马尼亚文）</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://old.cotidianul.ro/franta_nu_mai_e_o_tara_catolica-20395.html">Franţa nu mai e o ţară catolică</a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">互联网档案馆</a>的<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110812025725/http://old.cotidianul.ro/franta_nu_mai_e_o_tara_catolica-20395.html">存檔</a>，存档日期2011-08-12., <i>Cotidianul</i> 11 January 2007</span></li> <li id="cite_note-278"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-278">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20120502102446/http://www.la-croix.com.prd-jsp.bayardweb.com/documents/doc.jsp?docId%3D2389007%26rubId%3D786"><span style="padding-left:0.2em;">"</span> Sur la religion, les Français restent dubitatifs " – A la Une</a>. La Croix. France. 2009-08-14 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2010-10-30</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.la-croix.com.prd-jsp.bayardweb.com/documents/doc.jsp?docId%3D2389007%26rubId%3D786">原始内容</a>存档于2012-05-02）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.atitle=%22+Sur+la+religion%2C+les+Fran%C3%A7ais+restent+dubitatifs+%22+%E2%80%93+A+la+Une&rft.date=2009-08-14&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=La+Croix&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.la-croix.com.prd-jsp.bayardweb.com%2Fdocuments%2Fdoc.jsp%3FdocId%3D2389007%26rubId%3D786&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-EUROBAROMETER-279"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-EUROBAROMETER_279-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREF2012" class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/ebs/ebs_393_en.pdf">Discrimination in the EU in 2012</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>, Special Eurobarometer, 383 (<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/European_Union?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="European Union">European Union</a>: <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/European_Commission?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="European Commission">European Commission</a>), 2012: 233 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2013-08-14</span>]</span>, （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20121202023700/http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/ebs/ebs_393_en.pdf">存档</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>于2012-12-02）</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.atitle=Discrimination+in+the+EU+in+2012&rft.date=2012&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Special+Eurobarometer&rft.pages=233&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fec.europa.eu%2Fpublic_opinion%2Farchives%2Febs%2Febs_393_en.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> The question asked was "Do you consider yourself to be...?" With a card showing: Catholic, Orthodox, Protestant, Other Christian, Jewish, Muslim, Sikh, Buddhist, Hindu, Atheist, and Non-believer/Agnostic. Space was given for Other (SPONTANEOUS) and DK. Jewish, Sikh, Buddhist, Hindu did not reach the 1% threshold.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-280"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-280">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2004/apr/23/france.islam">France to train imams in 'French Islam'</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811163117/http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2004/apr/23/france.islam">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）, The Guardian</span></li> <li id="cite_note-281"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-281">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2005/51552.htm">France – International Religious Freedom Report 2005</a>. State.gov. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2010-10-30</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110228150209/http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2005/51552.htm">存档</a>于2011-02-28）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.btitle=France+%E2%80%93+International+Religious+Freedom+Report+2005&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=State.gov&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.state.gov%2Fg%2Fdrl%2Frls%2Firf%2F2005%2F51552.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-282"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-282">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/france/11352268/What-is-going-wrong-in-Frances-prisons.html">What is going wrong in France's prisons?</a>. The Telegraph. 2015-01-17 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2015-11-16</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20151116032446/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/france/11352268/What-is-going-wrong-in-Frances-prisons.html">存档</a>于2015-11-16）. <q>France's prison population is estimated to be 70 per cent Muslim</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.atitle=What+is+going+wrong+in+France%27s+prisons%3F&rft.date=2015-01-17&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworldnews%2Feurope%2Ffrance%2F11352268%2FWhat-is-going-wrong-in-Frances-prisons.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-:0-283"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-:0_283-0"><sup><b>264.0</b></sup></a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-:0_283-1"><sup><b>264.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">澎湃新闻. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://news.ifeng.com/c/838dTHXwF3q">法国穆斯林团体接受马克龙“最后通牒”，同意“共和国价值宪章”</a>. 凤凰网. 2021-01-18 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2021-01-19</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417130607/http://news.ifeng.com/c/838dTHXwF3q">存档</a>于2021-04-17） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文网页">（中文）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.au=%E6%BE%8E%E6%B9%83%E6%96%B0%E9%97%BB&rft.btitle=%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E7%A9%86%E6%96%AF%E6%9E%97%E5%9B%A2%E4%BD%93%E6%8E%A5%E5%8F%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E9%BE%99%E2%80%9C%E6%9C%80%E5%90%8E%E9%80%9A%E7%89%92%E2%80%9D%EF%BC%8C%E5%90%8C%E6%84%8F%E2%80%9C%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E4%BB%B7%E5%80%BC%E5%AE%AA%E7%AB%A0%E2%80%9D&rft.date=2021-01-18&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E5%87%A4%E5%87%B0%E7%BD%91&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.ifeng.com%2Fc%2F838dTHXwF3q&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-284"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-284">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20070117112822/http://www.paris-region.com/ard_uk/upload/document/D176.pdf">How to conduct European clinical trials from the Paris Region ?</a> Clinical Trials. Paris. February 2003</span></li> <li id="cite_note-who.int-285"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-who.int_285-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.who.int/whr/2000/media_centre/press_release/en/">World Health Organization Assesses the World's Health Systems</a>. Who.int. 2010-12-08 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2012-01-06</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20120131103408/http://www.who.int/whr/2000/media_centre/press_release/en/">存档</a>于2012-01-31）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.btitle=World+Health+Organization+Assesses+the+World%27s+Health+Systems&rft.date=2010-12-08&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Who.int&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fwhr%2F2000%2Fmedia_centre%2Fpress_release%2Fen%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-286"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-286">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.photius.com/rankings/healthranks.html">The ranking, see spreadsheet details for a whole analysis</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20100105190014/http://www.photius.com/rankings/healthranks.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） photius.com</span></li> <li id="cite_note-287"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-287">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.who.int/healthinfo/paper30.pdf">Measuring Overall Health System Performance for 191 Countries</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2011-07-21</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110805022057/http://www.who.int/healthinfo/paper30.pdf">存档</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>于2011-08-05）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.btitle=Measuring+Overall+Health+System+Performance+for+191+Countries&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fhealthinfo%2Fpaper30.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-WHO_country_facts:_France-288"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-WHO_country_facts:_France_288-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.who.int/countries/fra/en/">WHO country facts: France</a>. Who.int. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2013-11-11</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20131111212445/http://www.who.int/countries/fra/en/">存档</a>于2013-11-11）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.btitle=WHO+country+facts%3A+France&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Who.int&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fcountries%2Ffra%2Fen%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-289"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-289">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The World Health Report 2000: WHO</span></li> <li id="cite_note-290"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-290">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="法語">（法文）</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.insee.fr/fr/themes/tableau.asp?reg_id%3D98%26ref_id%3DCMPTEF02216">Espérance de vie, taux de mortalité et taux de mortalité infantile dans le monde</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629191455/http://www.insee.fr/fr/themes/tableau.asp?reg_id%3D98%26ref_id%3DCMPTEF02216">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.insee.fr/fr/themes/tableau.asp?reg_id%3D0%26ref_id%3DNATnon02229">Evolution de l'espérance de vie à divers âges</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20160730030227/http://www.insee.fr/fr/themes/tableau.asp?reg_id%3D0%26ref_id%3DNATnon02229">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） – <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/INSEE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="INSEE">INSEE</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-291"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-291">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="法語">（法文）</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.statistiques-mondiales.com/medecins.htm">Nombre de médecins pour 1000 habitants</a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">互联网档案馆</a>的<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20100305131215/http://www.statistiques-mondiales.com/medecins.htm">存檔</a>，存档日期2010-03-05. – Statistiques mondiales</span></li> <li id="cite_note-292"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-292">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="法語">（法文）</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.statistiques-mondiales.com/sante.htm">Dépenses de santé par habitants</a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">互联网档案馆</a>的<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20091212061623/http://www.statistiques-mondiales.com/sante.htm">存檔</a>，存档日期2009-12-12. – Statistiques mondiales</span></li> <li id="cite_note-obesity-293"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-obesity_293-0"><sup><b>274.0</b></sup></a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-obesity_293-1"><sup><b>274.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.nytimes.com/2005/05/03/world/europe/03iht-obese.html">Even the French are fighting obesity</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110430005808/http://www.nytimes.com/2005/05/03/world/europe/03iht-obese.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） – The NY Times</span></li> <li id="cite_note-daily-294"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-daily_294-0"><sup><b>275.0</b></sup></a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-daily_294-1"><sup><b>275.1</b></sup></a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-daily_294-2"><sup><b>275.2</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Wahlgren, Eric. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110708221117/http://www.dailyfinance.com/2009/11/14/frances-obesity-crisis-all-those-croissants-really-do-add-up/">France's obesity crisis: All those croissants really do add up, after all</a>. Dailyfinance.com. 2009-11-14 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2011-07-21</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.dailyfinance.com/2009/11/14/frances-obesity-crisis-all-those-croissants-really-do-add-up/">原始内容</a>存档于2011-07-08）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.aufirst=Eric&rft.aulast=Wahlgren&rft.btitle=France%27s+obesity+crisis%3A+All+those+croissants+really+do+add+up%2C+after+all&rft.date=2009-11-14&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Dailyfinance.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailyfinance.com%2F2009%2F11%2F14%2Ffrances-obesity-crisis-all-those-croissants-really-do-add-up%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Telegraph-295"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Telegraph_295-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Lambert, Victoria. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/health/dietandfitness/3353715/The-French-children-learning-to-fight-obesity.html">The French children learning to fight obesity</a>. The Daily Telegraph (London). 2008-03-08 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2010-08-09</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110425150042/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/health/dietandfitness/3353715/The-French-children-learning-to-fight-obesity.html">存档</a>于2011-04-25）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.atitle=The+French+children+learning+to+fight+obesity&rft.aufirst=Victoria&rft.aulast=Lambert&rft.date=2008-03-08&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fhealth%2Fdietandfitness%2F3353715%2FThe-French-children-learning-to-fight-obesity.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-bloomberg-296"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-bloomberg_296-0"><sup><b>277.0</b></sup></a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-bloomberg_296-1"><sup><b>277.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.businessweek.com/bwdaily/dnflash/jul2001/nf2001073_981.htm">Why So Few French Are Fat</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20100125084124/http://www.businessweek.com/bwdaily/dnflash/jul2001/nf2001073_981.htm">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） – Bloomberg Businessweek</span></li> <li id="cite_note-297"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-297">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Mimi Spencer. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.guardian.co.uk/lifeandstyle/2004/nov/07/foodanddrink.features11">Let them eat cake</a>. The Guardian (London). 2004-11-07 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2011-07-21</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110923154009/http://www.guardian.co.uk/lifeandstyle/2004/nov/07/foodanddrink.features11">存档</a>于2011-09-23）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.atitle=Let+them+eat+cake&rft.au=Mimi+Spencer&rft.date=2004-11-07&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.guardian.co.uk%2Flifeandstyle%2F2004%2Fnov%2F07%2Ffoodanddrink.features11&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-298"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-298">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.streetdirectory.com/travel_guide/24041/e_diet/the_french_diet___eat_drink_and_be_thin.html">The French Diet - Eat, Drink, and be Thin</a>. Streetdirectory.com. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2010-08-09</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716155313/http://www.streetdirectory.com/travel_guide/24041/e_diet/the_french_diet___eat_drink_and_be_thin.html">存档</a>于2011-07-16）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.btitle=The+French+Diet+-+Eat%2C+Drink%2C+and+be+Thin&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Streetdirectory.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.streetdirectory.com%2Ftravel_guide%2F24041%2Fe_diet%2Fthe_french_diet___eat_drink_and_be_thin.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-obesity2-299"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-obesity2_299-0"><sup><b>280.0</b></sup></a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-obesity2_299-1"><sup><b>280.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.foodnavigator.com/Science-Nutrition/France-heading-for-US-obesity-levels-says-study">France heading for US obesity levels says study</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110527002857/http://www.foodnavigator.com/Science-Nutrition/France-heading-for-US-obesity-levels-says-study">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） – Food Navigator</span></li> <li id="cite_note-300"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-300">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.nutraingredients.com/Regulation/New-French-food-guidelines-aimed-at-tackling-obesity">New French food guidelines aimed at tackling obesity</a>. Nutraingredients.com. 2006-09-14 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2010-08-09</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20100323030447/http://www.nutraingredients.com/Regulation/New-French-food-guidelines-aimed-at-tackling-obesity">存档</a>于2010-03-23）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.btitle=New+French+food+guidelines+aimed+at+tackling+obesity&rft.date=2006-09-14&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Nutraingredients.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nutraingredients.com%2FRegulation%2FNew-French-food-guidelines-aimed-at-tackling-obesity&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-301"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-301">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Petah Marian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.just-food.com/analysis/france-urged-to-get-tough-on-child-obesity_id102509.aspx">France urged to get tough on child obesity</a>. Just-food.com. 2008-05-23 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2010-08-09</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20101226205551/http://www.just-food.com/analysis/france-urged-to-get-tough-on-child-obesity_id102509.aspx">存档</a>于2010-12-26）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.au=Petah+Marian&rft.btitle=France+urged+to+get+tough+on+child+obesity&rft.date=2008-05-23&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Just-food.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.just-food.com%2Fanalysis%2Ffrance-urged-to-get-tough-on-child-obesity_id102509.aspx&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-302"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-302">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="法語">（法文）</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110605080546/http://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/site-jeunes/laicite/fiche-dates/fiche-1881-1882/fiche.pdf">1881–1882 : Lois Ferry École publique gratuite, laïque et obligatoire</a>. Assemblé Nationale</span></li> <li id="cite_note-303"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-303">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/352505/lycee">Lycée</a>. Britannica.com. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2011-07-22</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110410233506/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/352505/lycee">存档</a>于2011-04-10）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.btitle=Lyc%C3%A9e&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Britannica.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2FEBchecked%2Ftopic%2F352505%2Flycee&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-304"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-304">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/42/8/39700724.pdf">Range of rank on the PISA 2006 science scale</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2011-07-22</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20091229020307/http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/42/8/39700724.pdf">存档</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>于2009-12-29）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.btitle=Range+of+rank+on+the+PISA+2006+science+scale&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oecd.org%2Fdataoecd%2F42%2F8%2F39700724.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-305"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-305">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="法語">（法文）</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.senat.fr/rap/l97-504/l97-5041.html">II. L'évolution du contenu de l'obligation scolaire</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110429205049/http://www.senat.fr/rap/l97-504/l97-5041.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）. Sénat.fr</span></li> <li id="cite_note-gécoles-306"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-g%C3%A9coles_306-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="法語">（法文）</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.lefigaro.fr/formation/2010/01/08/01015-20100108ARTFIG00525-les-grandes-ecoles-dans-la-tourmente-.php">Les grandes écoles dans la tourmente</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20160415162843/http://www.lefigaro.fr/formation/2010/01/08/01015-20100108ARTFIG00525-les-grandes-ecoles-dans-la-tourmente-.php">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） – Le Figaro</span></li> <li id="cite_note-307"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-307">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20140107050658/http://www.france.fr/en/institutions-and-values/symbols-french-republic">The Symbols of the French Republic</a>. <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Cabinet_of_France&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Cabinet of France（页面不存在）">Government of France</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-01-16</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.france.fr/en/institutions-and-values/symbols-french-republic">原始内容</a>存档于2014-01-07）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.btitle=The+Symbols+of+the+French+Republic&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Government+of+France&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.france.fr%2Fen%2Finstitutions-and-values%2Fsymbols-french-republic&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-308"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-308">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="法語">（法文）</span> French Presidency, "Les symboles de la République française", <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.elysee.fr/president/la-presidence/les-symboles-de-la-republique-francaise/le-coq/le-coq.6052.html">Le coq</a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">互联网档案馆</a>的<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20100401063525/http://www.elysee.fr/president/la-presidence/les-symboles-de-la-republique-francaise/le-coq/le-coq.6052.html">存檔</a>，存档日期2010-04-01.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-309"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-309">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication, "Cultura statistics", <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www2.culture.gouv.fr/culture/deps/2008/pdf/minichiffrescles2010-en.pdf">Key figures</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20120118171647/http://www2.culture.gouv.fr/culture/deps/2008/pdf/minichiffrescles2010-en.pdf">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</span></li> <li id="cite_note-310"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-310">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://whc.unesco.org/en/statesparties/fr">Official properties inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List in France</a>. Whc.unesco.org. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2015-07-09</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.webcitation.org/61Fhwy7JZ?url%3Dhttp://whc.unesco.org/en/statesparties/fr">存档</a>于2011-08-27）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.btitle=Official+properties+inscribed+on+the+UNESCO+World+Heritage+List+in+France&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Whc.unesco.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwhc.unesco.org%2Fen%2Fstatesparties%2Ffr&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-311"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-311">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.gfk.com/group/press_information/press_releases/003055/index.en.html">Germany on Top, U.S. Seventh in Nation Brands IndexSM</a>. Gfk.com. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2010-08-09</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20100825075750/http://www.gfk.com/group/press_information/press_releases/003055/index.en.html">存档</a>于2010-08-25）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.btitle=Germany+on+Top%2C+U.S.+Seventh+in+Nation+Brands+IndexSM&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Gfk.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gfk.com%2Fgroup%2Fpress_information%2Fpress_releases%2F003055%2Findex.en.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-312"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-312">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8626041.stm">World warming to US under Obama, BBC poll suggests</a>. BBC News. 2010-04-19 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2011-07-21</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110728200838/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8626041.stm">存档</a>于2011-07-28）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.atitle=World+warming+to+US+under+Obama%2C+BBC+poll+suggests&rft.date=2010-04-19&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2F8626041.stm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-313"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-313">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/shared/bsp/hi/pdfs/160410bbcwspoll.pdf">Global Views of United States Improve While Other Countries Decline</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. BBC News. 2010-04-18 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2011-12-26</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20111203105333/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/shared/bsp/hi/pdfs/160410bbcwspoll.pdf">存档</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>于2011-12-03）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.atitle=Global+Views+of+United+States+Improve+While+Other+Countries+Decline&rft.date=2010-04-18&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fshared%2Fbsp%2Fhi%2Fpdfs%2F160410bbcwspoll.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-pewmwtp-314"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-pewmwtp_314-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.pewglobal.org/files/2011/07/Pew-Global-Attitudes-Muslim-Western-Relations-FINAL-FOR-PRINT-July-21-2011.pdf">Muslim-Western tensions persist</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. Pew Research Center. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2011-11-17</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20111203105340/http://www.pewglobal.org/files/2011/07/Pew-Global-Attitudes-Muslim-Western-Relations-FINAL-FOR-PRINT-July-21-2011.pdf">存档</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>于2011-12-03）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.btitle=Muslim-Western+tensions+persist&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Pew+Research+Center&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pewglobal.org%2Ffiles%2F2011%2F07%2FPew-Global-Attitudes-Muslim-Western-Relations-FINAL-FOR-PRINT-July-21-2011.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-315"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-315">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.pewglobal.org/database/?indicator%3D1">Opinion of the United States</a>. Pew Research Center. 2012 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2016-07-29</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20160820033401/http://www.pewglobal.org/database/?indicator%3D1">存档</a>于2016-08-20）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.btitle=Opinion+of+the+United+States&rft.date=2012&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Pew+Research+Center&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pewglobal.org%2Fdatabase%2F%3Findicator%3D1&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-316"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-316">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Peter Allen. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1240988/France-tops-list-best-places-live-world-fifth-year-row--Britain-languishes-25th.html">Britain falls to 25th best place to live in the world... behind Lithuania, the Czech Republic and Hungary</a>. Daily Mail (London). 2010-01-07 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2013-10-01</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20131027160548/http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1240988/France-tops-list-best-places-live-world-fifth-year-row--Britain-languishes-25th.html">存档</a>于2013-10-27）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.atitle=Britain+falls+to+25th+best+place+to+live+in+the+world...+behind+Lithuania%2C+the+Czech+Republic+and+Hungary&rft.au=Peter+Allen&rft.date=2010-01-07&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Daily+Mail&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailymail.co.uk%2Fnews%2Farticle-1240988%2FFrance-tops-list-best-places-live-world-fifth-year-row--Britain-languishes-25th.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-quality-317"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-quality_317-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Daniela Deane. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://edition.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/europe/02/11/france.quality.life/index.html">Why France is best place to live in world</a>. CNN. 2010-02-11 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2013-10-01</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004221537/http://edition.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/europe/02/11/france.quality.life/index.html">存档</a>于2013-10-04）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.atitle=Why+France+is+best+place+to+live+in+world&rft.au=Daniela+Deane&rft.date=2010-02-11&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2010%2FWORLD%2Feurope%2F02%2F11%2Ffrance.quality.life%2Findex.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-318"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-318">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Joëlle Farchy (1999) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.scienceshumaines.com/la-fin-de-l-exception-culturelle_fr_10912.html">La Fin de l'exception culturelle ?</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010120357/http://www.scienceshumaines.com/la-fin-de-l-exception-culturelle_fr_10912.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/CNRS?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="CNRS">CNRS</a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9782271056337?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-2-271-05633-7</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-319"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-319">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.culture.gouv.fr/culture/actualites/politique/diversite/wto-en2.htm">The cultural exception is not negotiable by Catherine Trautmann</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010160105/http://www.culture.gouv.fr/culture/actualites/politique/diversite/wto-en2.htm">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） – Ministry of Culture</span></li> <li id="cite_note-320"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-320">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="法語">（法文）</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.fnsac-cgt.com/administration/upload/ARTICLE%2520UNESCO%2520CONF%25201602_06%2520(3).pdf">La Convention UNESCO pour la diversité culturelle : vers un droit international culturel contraignant ?</a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">互联网档案馆</a>的<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110427020210/http://www.fnsac-cgt.com/administration/upload/ARTICLE%2520UNESCO%2520CONF%25201602_06%2520(3).pdf">存檔</a>，存档日期2011-04-27. – <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.fnsac-cgt.com">http://www.fnsac-cgt.com</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20180307011616/http://www.fnsac-cgt.com/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</span></li> <li id="cite_note-321"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-321">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.nationalgallery.org.uk/paintings/learn-about-art/guide-to-impressionism/guide-to-impressionism">Guide to Impressionism</a>. Nationalgallery.org.uk. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2011-07-22</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20180317232250/https://www.nationalgallery.org.uk/paintings/learn-about-art/guide-to-impressionism/guide-to-impressionism">存档</a>于2018-03-17）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.btitle=Guide+to+Impressionism&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Nationalgallery.org.uk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationalgallery.org.uk%2Fpaintings%2Flearn-about-art%2Fguide-to-impressionism%2Fguide-to-impressionism&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-322"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-322">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">National Gallery of Art (United States), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.nga.gov/feature/artnation/fauve/index.shtm">The Fauves (dossier)</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20101105195501/http://www.nga.gov/feature/artnation/fauve/index.shtm">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</span></li> <li id="cite_note-323"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-323">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="法語">（法文）</span> RFI, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.rfi.fr/culturefr/articles/098/article_63189.asp">Vlaminck, version fauve</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010120345/http://www.rfi.fr/culturefr/articles/098/article_63189.asp">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）, 25 February 2008</span></li> <li id="cite_note-324"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-324">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="法語">（法文）</span> RFI, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.rfi.fr/actufr/articles/063/article_34792.asp">Le néo-impressionnisme de Seurat à Paul Klee</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010120343/http://www.rfi.fr/actufr/articles/063/article_34792.asp">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） 15 March 2005</span></li> <li id="cite_note-325"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-325">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Musée d'Orsay (official website), History of the museum – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.musee-orsay.fr/en/collections/history-of-the-museum/home.html">From station to museum</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20180320200810/http://www.musee-orsay.fr/en/collections/history-of-the-museum/home.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</span></li> <li id="cite_note-326"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-326">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.musee-orsay.fr/en/collections/history-of-the-collections/painting.html">History of the painting collection</a>. Musee-orsay.fr. 2007-07-31 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2011-07-22</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20180313174126/http://www.musee-orsay.fr/en/collections/history-of-the-collections/painting.html">存档</a>于2018-03-13）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.btitle=History+of+the+painting+collection&rft.date=2007-07-31&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Musee-orsay.fr&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.musee-orsay.fr%2Fen%2Fcollections%2Fhistory-of-the-collections%2Fpainting.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-sites-327"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-sites_327-0"><sup><b>308.0</b></sup></a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-sites_327-1"><sup><b>308.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="法語">（法文）</span> Ministry of Tourism, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.tourisme.gouv.fr/stat_etudes/memento/2009/sites.pdf">Sites touristiques en France</a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">互联网档案馆</a>的<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511093631/http://www.tourisme.gouv.fr/stat_etudes/memento/2009/sites.pdf">存檔</a>，存档日期2011-05-11. page 2 "Palmarès des 30 premiers sites culturels (entrées comptabilisées)" [Ranking of 30 most visited cultural sites in France]</span></li> <li id="cite_note-328"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-328">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="法語">（法文）</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.lemonde.fr/cgi-bin/ACHATS/acheter.cgi?offre%3DARCHIVES%26type_item%3DART_ARCH_30J%26objet_id%3D998920%26clef%3DARC-TRK-D_01">Tour Eiffel et souvenirs de Paris</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20160415163214/http://www.lemonde.fr/cgi-bin/ACHATS/acheter.cgi?offre%3DARCHIVES%26type_item%3DART_ARCH_30J%26objet_id%3D998920%26clef%3DARC-TRK-D_01">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</span></li> <li id="cite_note-329"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-329">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110710204930/http://www.europeupclose.com/article/toulouses-saint-sernin-largest-romanesque-church-in-europe/">Toulouse's Saint Sernin, Largest Romanesque Church in Europe</a>. Europeupclose.com. 1999-02-22 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2011-07-22</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.europeupclose.com/article/toulouses-saint-sernin-largest-romanesque-church-in-europe/">原始内容</a>存档于2011-07-10）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.btitle=Toulouse%27s+Saint+Sernin%2C+Largest+Romanesque+Church+in+Europe&rft.date=1999-02-22&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Europeupclose.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.europeupclose.com%2Farticle%2Ftoulouses-saint-sernin-largest-romanesque-church-in-europe%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-330"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-330">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.answers.com/topic/opus-francigenum-art">Opus Francigenum</a>. Answers.com. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2011-07-22</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110427021520/http://www.answers.com/topic/opus-francigenum-art">存档</a>于2011-04-27）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.btitle=Opus+Francigenum&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Answers.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.answers.com%2Ftopic%2Fopus-francigenum-art&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-331"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-331">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718181401/http://www.justfrance.org/france/architecture/001.asp">The Gothic Period</a>. Justfrance.org. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2011-07-22</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.justfrance.org/france/architecture/001.asp">原始内容</a>存档于2011-07-18）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.btitle=The+Gothic+Period&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Justfrance.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.justfrance.org%2Ffrance%2Farchitecture%2F001.asp&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-332"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-332">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="法語">（法文）</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.cathedrale-reims.culture.fr/histoire.html">Histoire et Architecture</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20160809141112/http://www.cathedrale-reims.culture.fr/histoire.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.cathedrale-reims.culture.fr/">Site officiel de la Cathedrale de Notre-Dame de Reims</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20160717234437/http://www.cathedrale-reims.culture.fr/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</span></li> <li id="cite_note-333"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-333">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="法語">（法文）</span> Claude Lébedel – Les Splendeurs du Baroque en France: <i>Histoire et splendeurs du baroque en France</i> page 9: "Si en allant plus loin, on prononce les mots 'art baroque en France', on provoque alors le plus souvent une moue interrogative, parfois seulement étonnée, parfois franchement réprobatrice: Mais voyons, l'art baroque n'existe pas en France!"</span></li> <li id="cite_note-334"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-334">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Hills, Helen. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/?id%3DjLmFbEdqBDUC%26pg%3DPA86%26dq%3DMansart%2Binfluential%23v%3Donepage%26q%3Dinfluential%26f%3Dfalse">Architecture and the Politics of Gender in Early Modern Europe</a>. Ashgate Publishing. 2003: 86. <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-7546-0309-2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-7546-0309-2"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-0-7546-0309-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.aufirst=Helen&rft.aulast=Hills&rft.btitle=Architecture+and+the+Politics+of+Gender+in+Early+Modern+Europe&rft.date=2003&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-7546-0309-2&rft.pages=86&rft.pub=Ashgate+Publishing&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DjLmFbEdqBDUC%26pg%3DPA86%26dq%3DMansart%2Binfluential%23v%3Donepage%26q%3Dinfluential%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-335"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-335">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1283">Fortifications of Vauban</a>. Whc.unesco.org. 2008-07-08 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2010-08-09</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20100724032415/http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1283/">存档</a>于2010-07-24）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.btitle=Fortifications+of+Vauban&rft.date=2008-07-08&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Whc.unesco.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwhc.unesco.org%2Fen%2Flist%2F1283&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-336"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-336">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://en.unesco.org/">Official site of the UNESCO</a>. Unesco.org. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2010-08-09</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20180329062418/https://en.unesco.org/">存档</a>于2018-03-29）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.btitle=Official+site+of+the+UNESCO&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Unesco.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fen.unesco.org%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-337"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-337">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/?id%3DOtabdzMdbboC%26pg%3DPA48">Paris: City Guide</a>. Lonely Planet. 2008: 48. <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/1-74059-850-4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:网络书源/1-74059-850-4"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 1-74059-850-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.btitle=Paris%3A+City+Guide&rft.date=2008&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=1-74059-850-4&rft.pages=48&rft.pub=Lonely+Planet&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DOtabdzMdbboC%26pg%3DPA48&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-338"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-338">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Henri SECKEL. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://lci.tf1.fr/posez-vos-questions/2008-07/gratte-ciel-paris-pensez-vous-4872555.html">Urbanisme : Des gratte-ciel à Paris : qu'en pensez-vous ? – Posez vos questions</a>. 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The New York Times. 1994-05-02 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2016-07-29</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304122708/http://www.nytimes.com/1994/05/02/arts/pritzker-prize-goes-to-french-architect-for-the-first-time.html">存档</a>于2016-03-04）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.atitle=Architect+of+Austere+Works+Receives+the+Pritzker+Prize&rft.aufirst=Herbert&rft.aulast=Muschamp&rft.date=1994-05-02&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1994%2F05%2F02%2Farts%2Fpritzker-prize-goes-to-french-architect-for-the-first-time.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-341"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-341">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Pilkington, Ed. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.guardian.co.uk/artanddesign/2009/apr/14/zumthor-pritzker-award">Swiss architect untouched by fad or fashion wins prized Pritzker award</a>. The Guardian. 2009-04-14 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2016-07-29</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20090416055845/http://www.guardian.co.uk/artanddesign/2009/apr/14/zumthor-pritzker-award">存档</a>于2009-04-16）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.atitle=Swiss+architect+untouched+by+fad+or+fashion+wins+prized+Pritzker+award&rft.aufirst=Ed&rft.aulast=Pilkington&rft.date=2009-04-14&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.guardian.co.uk%2Fartanddesign%2F2009%2Fapr%2F14%2Fzumthor-pritzker-award&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-342"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-342">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110525201508/http://www.humanistictexts.org/montaigne.htm">Montaigne</a>. Humanistictexts.org. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2011-07-22</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.humanistictexts.org/montaigne.htm">原始内容</a>存档于2011-05-25）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.btitle=Montaigne&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Humanistictexts.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.humanistictexts.org%2Fmontaigne.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-343"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-343">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110810091607/http://www.radiodramareviews.com/id438.html">La Princesse de Cleves by Madame de Lafayette, adapted by Jo Clifford</a>. Radiodramareviews.com. 2010-02-28 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2011-07-22</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.radiodramareviews.com/id438.html">原始内容</a>存档于2011-08-10）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.btitle=La+Princesse+de+Cleves+by+Madame+de+Lafayette%2C+adapted+by+Jo+Clifford&rft.date=2010-02-28&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Radiodramareviews.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.radiodramareviews.com%2Fid438.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-344"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-344">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Author of some of the finest comedies in the history of the theater". Hartnoll, Phyllis (ed.). The Oxford Companion to the Theatre, 1983, Oxford University Press, p. 554</span></li> <li id="cite_note-345"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-345">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Randall, Colin. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/france/1475046/France-looks-to-the-law-to-save-the-language-of-Moliere.html">France looks to the law to save the language of Molière</a>. The Daily Telegraph (London). 2004-10-25 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2011-07-22</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20111203105401/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/france/1475046/France-looks-to-the-law-to-save-the-language-of-Moliere.html">存档</a>于2011-12-03）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.atitle=France+looks+to+the+law+to+save+the+language+of+Moli%C3%A8re&rft.aufirst=Colin&rft.aulast=Randall&rft.date=2004-10-25&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworldnews%2Feurope%2Ffrance%2F1475046%2FFrance-looks-to-the-law-to-save-the-language-of-Moliere.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-346"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-346">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="法語">（法文）</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://users.skynet.be/litterature/symbolisme/symbolismefrancais.htm">Le symbolisme français</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20180307192737/http://users.skynet.be/litterature/symbolisme/symbolismefrancais.htm">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</span></li> <li id="cite_note-victor-347"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-victor_347-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20130723121408/http://www.lecavalierbleu.com/images/30/extrait_75.pdf">Victor Hugo est le plus grand écrivain français</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2013-09-29</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.lecavalierbleu.com/images/30/extrait_75.pdf">原始内容</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>存档于2013-07-23）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.btitle=Victor+Hugo+est+le+plus+grand+%C3%A9crivain+fran%C3%A7ais&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lecavalierbleu.com%2Fimages%2F30%2Fextrait_75.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-hugo-348"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-hugo_348-0"><sup><b>329.0</b></sup></a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-hugo_348-1"><sup><b>329.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.enotes.com/victor-hugo-criticism/hugo-victor">Victor Hugo 1802–1885</a>. Enotes.com. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2011-07-16</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20121116174008/http://www.enotes.com/victor-hugo-criticism/hugo-victor">存档</a>于2012-11-16）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.btitle=Victor+Hugo+1802%E2%80%931885&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Enotes.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.enotes.com%2Fvictor-hugo-criticism%2Fhugo-victor&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-349"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-349">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.adherents.com/people/100_novel.html">All-Time 100 Best Novels List</a>. Adherents.com. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2011-07-22</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20180318194508/http://www.adherents.com/people/100_novel.html">存档</a>于2018-03-18）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.btitle=All-Time+100+Best+Novels+List&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Adherents.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.adherents.com%2Fpeople%2F100_novel.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-350"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-350">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.completelynovel.com/books/50599">The Little Prince</a>. Completelynovel.com. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2011-07-22</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20180930232031/http://www.completelynovel.com/books/50599">存档</a>于2018-09-30）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.btitle=The+Little+Prince&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Completelynovel.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.completelynovel.com%2Fbooks%2F50599&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Patrick_Modiano-351"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Patrick_Modiano_351-0"><sup><b>332.0</b></sup></a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Patrick_Modiano_351-1"><sup><b>332.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/news/afp/141009/modiano-strengthens-frances-literature-nobel-dominance">Modiano strengthens France's literature Nobel dominance</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20141018105721/http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/news/afp/141009/modiano-strengthens-frances-literature-nobel-dominance">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）, Global Post, 9 October 2014</span></li> <li id="cite_note-352"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-352">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="法語">（法文）</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.academie-goncourt.fr/?article%3D1229174089">La première Académie Goncourt</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110425100025/http://www.academie-goncourt.fr/?article%3D1229174089">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.academie-goncourt.fr/?">Site officiel de l'Académie Goncourt</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20081119231954/http://www.academie-goncourt.fr/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</span></li> <li id="cite_note-353"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-353">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.friesian.com/hist-2.htm">The Beginning of Modern Sciences</a>. Friesian.com. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2011-07-16</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110628212959/http://www.friesian.com/hist-2.htm">存档</a>于2011-06-28）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.btitle=The+Beginning+of+Modern+Sciences&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Friesian.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.friesian.com%2Fhist-2.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-354"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-354">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">2003年4月21日 (月). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.hmv.co.jp/news/newsDetail.asp?newsnum%3D304080038">The 100 Greatest Artists – No. 62</a>. Hmv.co.jp. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2011-01-25</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110516075523/http://www.hmv.co.jp/news/newsDetail.asp?newsnum%3D304080038">存档</a>于2011-05-16）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.au=2003%E5%B9%B44%E6%9C%8821%E6%97%A5+%28%E6%9C%88%29&rft.btitle=The+100+Greatest+Artists+%E2%80%93+No.+62&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Hmv.co.jp&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hmv.co.jp%2Fnews%2FnewsDetail.asp%3Fnewsnum%3D304080038&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-355"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-355">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Girdlestone p. 14: "It is customary to couple him with Couperin as one couples Haydn with Mozart or Ravel with Debussy."</span></li> <li id="cite_note-356"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-356">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Allen Schrott. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/claude-debussy-mn0000768781/biography">Claude Debussy – Biography – AllMusic</a>. AllMusic. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2016-07-29</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20160803000924/http://www.allmusic.com/artist/claude-debussy-mn0000768781/biography">存档</a>于2016-08-03）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.atitle=Claude+Debussy+%E2%80%93+Biography+%E2%80%93+AllMusic&rft.au=Allen+Schrott&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AllMusic&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.allmusic.com%2Fartist%2Fclaude-debussy-mn0000768781%2Fbiography&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-357"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-357">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Huizenga, Tom. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId%3D4957580">Debussy's 'La Mer' Marks 100th Birthday</a>. NPR. 2005-10-14 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2011-07-22</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721032420/http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId%3D4957580">存档</a>于2011-07-21）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft.aulast=Huizenga&rft.btitle=Debussy%27s+%27La+Mer%27+Marks+100th+Birthday&rft.date=2005-10-14&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=NPR&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2Ftemplates%2Fstory%2Fstory.php%3FstoryId%3D4957580&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-358"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-358">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId%3D92338564">Debussy's Musical Game of Deception</a>. NPR. 2008-07-12 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2011-07-22</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629123555/http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId%3D92338564">存档</a>于2011-06-29）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.btitle=Debussy%27s+Musical+Game+of+Deception&rft.date=2008-07-12&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=NPR&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2Ftemplates%2Fstory%2Fstory.php%3FstoryId%3D92338564&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-359"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-359">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.classicfm.co.uk/music/composers/c-g/claude-debussy/">Biography of Claude Debussy</a>. Classicfm.co.uk. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2011-07-22</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811004238/http://www.classicfm.co.uk/music/composers/c-g/claude-debussy/">存档</a>于2011-08-11）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.btitle=Biography+of+Claude+Debussy&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Classicfm.co.uk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.classicfm.co.uk%2Fmusic%2Fcomposers%2Fc-g%2Fclaude-debussy%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-360"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-360">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.classicfm.co.uk/music/composers/n-r/maurice-ravel/">Biography of Maurice Ravel</a>. Classicfm.co.uk. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2011-07-22</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811004026/http://www.classicfm.co.uk/music/composers/n-r/maurice-ravel/">存档</a>于2011-08-11）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.btitle=Biography+of+Maurice+Ravel&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Classicfm.co.uk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.classicfm.co.uk%2Fmusic%2Fcomposers%2Fn-r%2Fmaurice-ravel%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-361"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-361">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Boulez, Pierre. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId%3D126668117">Composer-Conductor Pierre Boulez At 85</a>. NPR. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2011-07-22</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629123455/http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId%3D126668117">存档</a>于2011-06-29）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.aufirst=Pierre&rft.aulast=Boulez&rft.btitle=Composer-Conductor+Pierre+Boulez+At+85&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=NPR&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2Ftemplates%2Fstory%2Fstory.php%3FstoryId%3D126668117&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-362"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-362">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">RFI Musique, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.rfimusic.com/artist/rock/noir-desir/biography">Biography of Noir Désir</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20160430102257/http://www.rfimusic.com/artist/rock/noir-desir/biography">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）, March 2009: "Rock music doesn't come naturally to the French. A Latin country, with more affinity to poetry and melody, France has very rarely produced talented rock musicians. Rock music has other, more Anglo-Saxon ingredients"</span></li> <li id="cite_note-frmusic-363"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-frmusic_363-0"><sup><b>344.0</b></sup></a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-frmusic_363-1"><sup><b>344.1</b></sup></a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-frmusic_363-2"><sup><b>344.2</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">France Diplomatie, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/en/france_159/culture-and-media_6819/culture_6874/music_5335/french-music-has-the-whole-planet-singing_13031.html">French music has the whole planet singing</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20101222105333/http://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/en/france_159/culture-and-media_6819/culture_6874/music_5335/french-music-has-the-whole-planet-singing_13031.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）, June 2009</span></li> <li id="cite_note-364"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-364">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="法語">（法文）</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.irma.asso.fr/IMG/pdf/bureauexport_dossierdepresse_2013_fr.pdf">"Bureau Export – Les certifications export 2012"</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20160804030646/http://www.irma.asso.fr/IMG/pdf/bureauexport_dossierdepresse_2013_fr.pdf">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）. IRMA. p.26. Retrieved 7 March 2015.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-365"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-365">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Telegraph, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/music/3669339/Daft-Punk-Behind-the-robot-masks.html">Daft Punk: Behind the robot masks</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20160415163421/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/music/3669339/Daft-Punk-Behind-the-robot-masks.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）, 17 November 2007: "Daft Punk were in many ways responsible for turning the spotlight on a new, cool underground of French music in the late 1990s, including bestselling acts such as Air, and have been a huge influence on the current generation of international star DJs"</span></li> <li id="cite_note-366"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-366">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/1721450.stm">The return of French pop music</a>. BBC News. 2001-12-20 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2011-07-22</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511103812/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/1721450.stm">存档</a>于2011-05-11）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.atitle=The+return+of+French+pop+music&rft.date=2001-12-20&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fentertainment%2F1721450.stm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-367"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-367">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ministry of Culture of France, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.fetedelamusique.culture.fr/site-2010/?page_id%3D550">About "Fête de la Musique"</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20100515071351/http://www.fetedelamusique.culture.fr/site-2010/?page_id%3D550">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</span></li> <li id="cite_note-368"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-368">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">France Diplomatie, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/en/france_159/culture-and-media_6819/culture_6874/music_5335/fete-musique-21">June 2007_9392.html Fête de la Musique</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20120118060250/http://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/en/france_159/culture-and-media_6819/culture_6874/music_5335/fete-musique-21">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）, 21 June 2007</span></li> <li id="cite_note-369"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-369">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Dargis, Manohla. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/subjects/c/cannes_international_film_festival/index.html">Cannes International Film Festival</a>. The New York Times. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2016-07-29</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20100520035530/http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/subjects/c/cannes_international_film_festival/index.html">存档</a>于2010-05-20）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.atitle=Cannes+International+Film+Festival&rft.aufirst=Manohla&rft.aulast=Dargis&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftopics.nytimes.com%2Ftop%2Freference%2Ftimestopics%2Fsubjects%2Fc%2Fcannes_international_film_festival%2Findex.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-370"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-370">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Lim, Dennis. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.nytimes.com/2012/05/16/arts/16iht-lim16.html?_r%3D1%26ref%3Dmovies">They'll Always Have Cannes</a>. The New York Times. 2012-05-15 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2016-07-29</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20160722163441/http://www.nytimes.com/2012/05/16/arts/16iht-lim16.html?_r%3D1%26ref%3Dmovies">存档</a>于2016-07-22）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.atitle=They%27ll+Always+Have+Cannes&rft.aufirst=Dennis&rft.aulast=Lim&rft.date=2012-05-15&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2012%2F05%2F16%2Farts%2F16iht-lim16.html%3F_r%3D1%26ref%3Dmovies&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-371"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-371">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Woolsey, Matt. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.forbes.com/2008/05/14/cannes-properties-luxury-forbeslife-cx_mw_0514realestate_slide.html?thisSpeed%3D15000">In Pictures: Chic Cannes Hideaways</a>. Forbes. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2016-07-29</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20140329021944/http://www.forbes.com/2008/05/14/cannes-properties-luxury-forbeslife-cx_mw_0514realestate_slide.html?thisSpeed%3D15000">存档</a>于2014-03-29）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.atitle=In+Pictures%3A+Chic+Cannes+Hideaways&rft.aufirst=Matt&rft.aulast=Woolsey&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forbes&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2F2008%2F05%2F14%2Fcannes-properties-luxury-forbeslife-cx_mw_0514realestate_slide.html%3FthisSpeed%3D15000&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-372"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-372">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716104117/http://stats.uis.unesco.org/unesco/TableViewer/tableView.aspx">Cinema: production of feature films</a>. Stats.uis.unesco.org. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2011-07-22</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://stats.uis.unesco.org/unesco/TableViewer/tableView.aspx">原始内容</a>存档于2011-07-16）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.btitle=Cinema%3A+production+of+feature+films&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Stats.uis.unesco.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstats.uis.unesco.org%2Funesco%2FTableViewer%2FtableView.aspx&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-373"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-373">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.cannesguide.com/basics/">Cannes – a festival virgin's guide</a>. Cannesguide.com. 2007-02-15 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2011-07-22</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20160912231419/http://www.cannesguide.com/basics/">存档</a>于2016-09-12）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.btitle=Cannes+%E2%80%93+a+festival+virgin%27s+guide&rft.date=2007-02-15&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Cannesguide.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cannesguide.com%2Fbasics%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-374"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-374">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20120610125315/http://www.whatsonwhen.com/sisp/index.htm?fx%3Devent%26event_id%3D21731">Cannes Film Festival | Palais des Festivals, Cannes, France</a>. Whatsonwhen.com. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2012-06-22</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.whatsonwhen.com/sisp/index.htm?fx%3Devent%26event_id%3D21731">原始内容</a>存档于2012-06-10）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.btitle=Cannes+Film+Festival+%26%23124%3B+Palais+des+Festivals%2C+Cannes%2C+France&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Whatsonwhen.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.whatsonwhen.com%2Fsisp%2Findex.htm%3Ffx%3Devent%26event_id%3D21731&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-erudit-375"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-erudit_375-0"><sup><b>356.0</b></sup></a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-erudit_375-1"><sup><b>356.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="法語">（法文）</span> Damien Rousselière <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.erudit.org/revue/hphi/2005/v15/n2/801295ar.pdf">Cinéma et diversité culturelle: le cinéma indépendant face à la mondialisation des industries culturelles</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20160915133118/http://www.erudit.org/revue/hphi/2005/v15/n2/801295ar.pdf">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）. <i>Horizons philosophiques</i> Vol. 15 No. 2 2005</span></li> <li id="cite_note-unifrance.org-376"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-unifrance.org_376-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20141213021911/http://www.unifrance.org/actualites/11596/enquete-sur-l-image-du-cinema-francais-dans-le-monde">Enquête sur l'image du cinéma français dans le monde</a>. unifrance.org. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2016-07-29</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.unifrance.org/actualites/11596/enquete-sur-l-image-du-cinema-francais-dans-le-monde">原始内容</a>存档于2014-12-13）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.atitle=Enqu%C3%AAte+sur+l%27image+du+cin%C3%A9ma+fran%C3%A7ais+dans+le+monde&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=unifrance.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unifrance.org%2Factualites%2F11596%2Fenquete-sur-l-image-du-cinema-francais-dans-le-monde&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-377"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-377">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="法語">（法文）</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie/personnage/Lumi%25C3%25A8re/130661">Les frères Lumière</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20190502230506/http://www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie/personnage/Lumi%25C3%25A8re/130661">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</span></li> <li id="cite_note-378"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-378">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kelly, 181. DeJean, chapters 2–4.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-379"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-379">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://about-france.com/tourism/french-perfume.htm">French perfume</a>. About-France.com. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-01-13</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20140106031604/http://about-france.com/tourism/french-perfume.htm">存档</a>于2014-01-06）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.btitle=French+perfume&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=About-France.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fabout-france.com%2Ftourism%2Ffrench-perfume.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-380"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-380">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/206556/Le-Figaro">Le Figaro</a>. Encyclopedia Britannica. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2016-07-29</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20141113062553/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/206556/Le-Figaro">存档</a>于2014-11-13）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.atitle=Le+Figaro&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2FEBchecked%2Ftopic%2F206556%2FLe-Figaro&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-381"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-381">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="法語">（法文）</span> OJD, "Observatoire de la Presse", <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://observatoire.ojd.com/report/visu/obs/20/do/GP_PQN/">Presse Quotidienne Nationale</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20100507013851/http://observatoire.ojd.com/report/visu/obs/20/do/GP_PQN/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</span></li> <li id="cite_note-382"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-382">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="法語">（法文）</span> OJD, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.ojd.com/pgi/section/">Presse Gratuite d'Information</a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">互联网档案馆</a>的<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20101204123544/http://www.ojd.com/pgi/section">存檔</a>，存档日期2010-12-04.. November 2011</span></li> <li id="cite_note-383"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-383">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="法語">（法文）</span> Observatoire de la Presse, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://observatoire.ojd.com/report/visu/obs/20/do/GP_PQRD/">Presse Quotidienne Régionale et Départementale</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20100507014206/http://observatoire.ojd.com/report/visu/obs/20/do/GP_PQRD/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</span></li> <li id="cite_note-384"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-384">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="法語">（法文）</span> OJD, "Bureau Presse Payante Grand Public", <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.ojd.com/chiffres/section/PPGP/print?submitted%3D1%26section%3DPPGP%26famille%3D2%26thema%3D%26search%3D%26go%3DLancer%2Bla%2Brecherche">Presse Quotidienne Régionale et Départementale</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110425131947/http://www.ojd.com/chiffres/section/PPGP/print?submitted%3D1%26section%3DPPGP%26famille%3D2%26thema%26search%26go%3DLancer%2Bla%2Brecherche">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</span></li> <li id="cite_note-385"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-385">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="法語">（法文）</span> Observatoire de la Presse, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://observatoire.ojd.com/report/visu/obs/20/do/GP_PMAG/">Presse Magazine – Synthèse</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20100929204536/http://observatoire.ojd.com/report/visu/obs/20/do/GP_PMAG/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</span></li> <li id="cite_note-386"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-386">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="法語">（法文）</span> Observatoire de la Presse, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://observatoire.ojd.com/report/visu/obs/20/do/GP_NEWS/">Presse News</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20100929204512/http://observatoire.ojd.com/report/visu/obs/20/do/GP_NEWS/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</span></li> <li id="cite_note-387"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-387">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Telegraph</a></i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/france/3125110/Nicolas-Sarkozy-French-media-faces-death-without-reform.html">Nicolas Sarkozy: French media faces 'death' without reform</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20171121130436/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/france/3125110/Nicolas-Sarkozy-French-media-faces-death-without-reform.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） 2 October 2008</span></li> <li id="cite_note-388"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-388">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">French government portal, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.gouvernement.fr/gouvernement/lancement-des-etats-generaux-de-la-presse">Lancement des états généraux de la presse</a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">互联网档案馆</a>的<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20100625023755/http://www.gouvernement.fr/gouvernement/lancement-des-etats-generaux-de-la-presse">存檔</a>，存档日期2010-06-25. 2 October 2008 [Launching of General State of written media]</span></li> <li id="cite_note-389"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-389">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Angelique Chrisafis in Paris. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.guardian.co.uk/media/2009/jan/23/sarkozy-pledges-state-aid-to-newspapers">Sarkozy pledges €600m to newspapers</a>. London: The Guardian. 2009-01-23 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2012-06-21</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20111212051651/http://www.guardian.co.uk/media/2009/jan/23/sarkozy-pledges-state-aid-to-newspapers">存档</a>于2011-12-12）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.atitle=Sarkozy+pledges+%E2%82%AC600m+to+newspapers&rft.au=Angelique+Chrisafis+in+Paris&rft.date=2009-01-23&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.guardian.co.uk%2Fmedia%2F2009%2Fjan%2F23%2Fsarkozy-pledges-state-aid-to-newspapers&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-390"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-390">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Radio France, "L'entreprise", <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722004341/http://www.radiofrance.fr/lentreprise/reperes/statuts/">Repères</a>. Landmarks of Radio France company</span></li> <li id="cite_note-mediapol-391"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-mediapol_391-0"><sup><b>372.0</b></sup></a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-mediapol_391-1"><sup><b>372.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="法語">（法文）</span> Vie Publique, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.vie-publique.fr/politiques-publiques/politique-audiovisuel/chronologie/">Chronologie de la politique de l'audiovisuel</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110513064756/http://www.vie-publique.fr/politiques-publiques/politique-audiovisuel/chronologie/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） 20 August 2004 [Chronology of policy for audiovisual]</span></li> <li id="cite_note-392"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-392">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">French rural code <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/WAspad/UnArticleDeCode?commun%3D%26code%3DCRURALNL.rcv%26art%3DL654-27-1">L654-27-1</a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Archive.is?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Archive.is">Archive.is</a>的<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.today/20120903131017/http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/WAspad/UnArticleDeCode?commun%3D%26code%3DCRURALNL.rcv%26art%3DL654-27-1">存檔</a>，存档日期2012-09-03</span></li> <li id="cite_note-393"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-393">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Amy B. Trubek, <i>Haute Cuisine: How the French Invented the Culinary Profession</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DbSuAyMNantQC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%26dq%3Dfrench%2Bcuisine%26hl%3Dfr%26sa%3DX%26ei%3D0u6NVLuvJ6qx7QbUmoHQDQ%26ved%3D0CEQQ6AEwBQ%23v%3Donepage%26q%3Dfrench%2520cuisine%26f%3Dfalse">[3]</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20160904032800/https://books.google.com/books?id%3DbSuAyMNantQC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%26dq%3Dfrench%2Bcuisine%26hl%3Dfr%26sa%3DX%26ei%3D0u6NVLuvJ6qx7QbUmoHQDQ%26ved%3D0CEQQ6AEwBQ%23v%3Donepage%26q%3Dfrench%2520cuisine%26f%3Dfalse">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</span></li> <li id="cite_note-394"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-394">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Priscilla Parkhurst Ferguson, <i>Accounting for Taste: The Triumph of French Cuisine</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DgbttJD4bW6UC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%26dq%3Dfrench%2Bcuisine%26hl%3Dfr%26sa%3DX%26ei%3D0u6NVLuvJ6qx7QbUmoHQDQ%26ved%3D0CCAQ6AEwAA%23v%3Donepage%26q%3Dfrench%2520cuisine%26f%3Dfalse">[4]</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20160904184839/https://books.google.com/books?id%3DgbttJD4bW6UC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%26dq%3Dfrench%2Bcuisine%26hl%3Dfr%26sa%3DX%26ei%3D0u6NVLuvJ6qx7QbUmoHQDQ%26ved%3D0CCAQ6AEwAA%23v%3Donepage%26q%3Dfrench%2520cuisine%26f%3Dfalse">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</span></li> <li id="cite_note-395"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-395">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20100211145428/http://www.cs.utexas.edu/users/walter/wine/france.html">Wines of France</a>. University of Texas. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2010-08-09</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.cs.utexas.edu/users/walter/wine/france.html">原始内容</a>存档于2010-02-11）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.btitle=Wines+of+France&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=University+of+Texas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cs.utexas.edu%2Fusers%2Fwalter%2Fwine%2Ffrance.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-396"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-396">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.goodcooking.com/frcheese.htm">French Cheese</a>. Goodcooking.com. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2011-07-22</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010114424/http://www.goodcooking.com/frcheese.htm">存档</a>于2017-10-10）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.btitle=French+Cheese&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Goodcooking.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.goodcooking.com%2Ffrcheese.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-397"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-397">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.franceway.com/cheese/">French Cheese</a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">互联网档案馆</a>的<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20100827131743/http://www.franceway.com/cheese/">存檔</a>，存档日期2010-08-27. on <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.traditionalfrenchfood.com/index.html">Traditional French Food</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20160820114250/http://www.traditionalfrenchfood.com/index.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</span></li> <li id="cite_note-398"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-398">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="法語">（法文）</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5jvmxWfyZ2tFVA3qcmC7DkX6SMi5g">La France du beurre et celle de l'huile d'olive maintiennent leurs positions</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110425112349/https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5jvmxWfyZ2tFVA3qcmC7DkX6SMi5g">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） – <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Agence_France_Presse?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Agence France Presse">Agence France Presse</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-399"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-399">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">French. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.saveur.com/tags/french-recipes">Saveur</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2016-05-07</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010120409/https://www.saveur.com/tags/french-recipes">存档</a>于2017-10-10）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.au=French&rft.btitle=Saveur&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.saveur.com%2Ftags%2Ffrench-recipes&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-400"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-400">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fairburn, Carolyn. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://docs.newsbank.com/openurl?ctx_ver%3Dz39.88-2004%26rft_id%3Dinfo:sid/iw.newsbank.com:UKNB:LTIB%26rft_val_format%3Dinfo:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx%26rft_dat%3D0F91F33FE0903F10%26svc_dat%3DInfoWeb:aggregated5%26req_dat%3D102CDD40F14C6BDA">"Fading stars – Michelin Red Guide"</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20131110080330/http://docs.newsbank.com/openurl?ctx_ver%3Dz39.88-2004%26rft_id%3Dinfo:sid/iw.newsbank.com:UKNB:LTIB%26rft_val_format%3Dinfo:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx%26rft_dat%3D0F91F33FE0903F10%26svc_dat%3DInfoWeb:aggregated5%26req_dat%3D102CDD40F14C6BDA">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）, <i><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_Times?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="The Times">The Times</a></i>, 29 February 1992; Beale, Victoria and James Boxell <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://docs.newsbank.com/openurl?ctx_ver%3Dz39.88-2004%26rft_id%3Dinfo:sid/iw.newsbank.com:UKNB:FINB%26rft_val_format%3Dinfo:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx%26rft_dat%3D13885C564656C1C8%26svc_dat%3DInfoWeb:aggregated5%26req_dat%3D102CDD40F14C6BDA">"Falling stars"</a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Archive.is?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Archive.is">Archive.is</a>的<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.today/20130629235717/http://docs.newsbank.com/openurl?ctx_ver%3Dz39.88-2004%26rft_id%3Dinfo:sid/iw.newsbank.com:UKNB:FINB%26rft_val_format%3Dinfo:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx%26rft_dat%3D13885C564656C1C8%26svc_dat%3DInfoWeb:aggregated5%26req_dat%3D102CDD40F14C6BDA">存檔</a>，存档日期2013-06-29, <i>The Financial Times</i>, 16 July 2011</span></li> <li id="cite_note-401"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-401">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20100724032127/http://www.3starrestaurants.com/michelin-restaurants-star-guide.asp">Michelin 3 Star Restaurants around the world</a>. 3starrestaurants.com. 2006-12-14 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2010-10-30</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.3starrestaurants.com/michelin-restaurants-star-guide.asp">原始内容</a>存档于2010-07-24）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.btitle=Michelin+3+Star+Restaurants+around+the+world&rft.date=2006-12-14&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=3starrestaurants.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.3starrestaurants.com%2Fmichelin-restaurants-star-guide.asp&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-402"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-402">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Japan overtakes France with more Michelin-starred restaurants</i>, Gilles Campion | Agence France-Presse | Thu 25 November 2010</span></li> <li id="cite_note-403"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-403">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20121114060844/http://www.uciprotour.com/Modules/BUILTIN/getObject.asp?MenuId%3DMTcxNw%26ObjTypeCode%3DFILE%26type%3DFILE%26id%3D34028%26LangId%3D1">Union Cycliste Internationale</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2016-07-29</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.uciprotour.com/Modules/BUILTIN/getObject.asp?MenuId%3DMTcxNw%26ObjTypeCode%3DFILE%26type%3DFILE%26id%3D34028%26LangId%3D1">原始内容</a>存档于2012-11-14）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.btitle=Union+Cycliste+Internationale&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.uciprotour.com%2FModules%2FBUILTIN%2FgetObject.asp%3FMenuId%3DMTcxNw%26ObjTypeCode%3DFILE%26type%3DFILE%26id%3D34028%26LangId%3D1&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-404"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-404">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20170610041323/http://www.france-pub.com/esport.htm">All you need to know about sport in France</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2012-02-11</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.france-pub.com/esport.htm">原始内容</a>存档于2017-06-10）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.btitle=All+you+need+to+know+about+sport+in+France&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.france-pub.com%2Fesport.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-405"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-405">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="法語">（法文）</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.insee.fr/fr/themes/tableau.asp?ref_id%3DNATTEF05401%26reg_id%3D0">Les licences sportives en France</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20160714174459/http://www.insee.fr/fr/themes/tableau.asp?ref_id%3DNATTEF05401%26reg_id%3D0">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） – Insee</span></li> <li id="cite_note-406"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-406">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.fifa.com/mm/document/fifafacts/mcwc/ip-201_10e_fwcdraw-history_8842.pdf">History of the World Cup Final Draw</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2011-07-22</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20100614213618/http://www.fifa.com/mm/document/fifafacts/mcwc/ip-201_10e_fwcdraw-history_8842.pdf">存档</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>于2010-06-14）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.btitle=History+of+the+World+Cup+Final+Draw&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fifa.com%2Fmm%2Fdocument%2Ffifafacts%2Fmcwc%2Fip-201_10e_fwcdraw-history_8842.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-407"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-407">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606170717/http://www.rugby.com.au/news/2003_april/france_wins_right_to_host_the_2007_rugby_wor_15381,3851.html">France wins right to host the 2007 rugby world cup</a>. Associated Press. 11 April 2003</span></li> <li id="cite_note-408"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-408">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718024209/http://www.weightlossdietinformation.com/the-tour-de-france-the-most-famous-bicycle-race-in-the-world.html">The Tour De France: The Most Famous Bicycle Race In The World</a>. Weightlossdietinformation.com. 2010-01-03 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2011-07-22</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.weightlossdietinformation.com/the-tour-de-france-the-most-famous-bicycle-race-in-the-world.html">原始内容</a>存档于2011-07-18）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.btitle=The+Tour+De+France%3A+The+Most+Famous+Bicycle+Race+In+The+World&rft.date=2010-01-03&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Weightlossdietinformation.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.weightlossdietinformation.com%2Fthe-tour-de-france-the-most-famous-bicycle-race-in-the-world.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-409"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-409">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.faqs.org/sports-science/Ce-Do/Cycling-Tour-de-France.html">Cycling: Tour de France</a>. Faqs.org. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2010-08-09</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20100926165023/http://www.faqs.org/sports-science/Ce-Do/Cycling-Tour-de-France.html">存档</a>于2010-09-26）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.btitle=Cycling%3A+Tour+de+France&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Faqs.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.faqs.org%2Fsports-science%2FCe-Do%2FCycling-Tour-de-France.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-410"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-410">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="法語">（法文）</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.lemans.org/fr/courses/24h/histoire.html">Une course légendaire</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116131353/http://www.lemans.org/fr/courses/24h/histoire.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.lemans.org/">Site officiel du 24 heures du Mans</a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">互联网档案馆</a>的<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116131353/http://www.lemans.org/fr/courses/24h/histoire.html">存檔</a>，存档日期2013-01-16.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-411"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-411">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Hill, Christopher R. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/?id%3D0o-9AAAAIAAJ">Olympic Politics</a>. Manchester University Press ND. 1996: 5 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2011-07-05</span>]</span>. <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0-7190-4451-0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:网络书源/0-7190-4451-0"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 0-7190-4451-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.aufirst=Christopher+R.&rft.aulast=Hill&rft.btitle=Olympic+Politics&rft.date=1996&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0-7190-4451-0&rft.pages=5&rft.pub=Manchester+University+Press+ND&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3D0o-9AAAAIAAJ&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Olympic-412"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Olympic_412-0"><sup><b>393.0</b></sup></a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Olympic_412-1"><sup><b>393.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.worldatlas.com/aatlas/infopage/olympic.htm">Olympic History</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20160808110308/http://www.worldatlas.com/aatlas/infopage/olympic.htm">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） – World Atlas of Travel</span></li> <li id="cite_note-413"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-413">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.olympic.org/paris-1900-summer-olympics">Paris 1900 Summer Olympics. Official Site of the Olympic Movement</a>. Olympic.org. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2013-09-30</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20131006070319/http://www.olympic.org/paris-1900-summer-olympics">存档</a>于2013-10-06）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.btitle=Paris+1900+Summer+Olympics.+Official+Site+of+the+Olympic+Movement&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Olympic.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.olympic.org%2Fparis-1900-summer-olympics&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-414"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-414">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.lausanne-tourisme.ch/view.asp?DomID%3D63416%26Language%3DE">Lausanne, olympic capital</a> – Tourism in Lausanne <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">互联网档案馆</a>的<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20071006220349/http://www.lausanne-tourisme.ch/view.asp?DomID%3D63416%26Language%3DE">存檔</a>，存档日期2007-10-06.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-415"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-415">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.fff.fr/common/ressources/217361.pdf">Licenses of the French Football Federation</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-01-13</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010115455/https://www.fff.fr/common/ressources/217361.pdf">存档</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>于2017-10-10）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.btitle=Licenses+of+the+French+Football+Federation&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fff.fr%2Fcommon%2Fressources%2F217361.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-416"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-416">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/soccer/world/events/1998/worldcup/">CNN/SI – World Cup</a>. Sports Illustrated. 1998-12-01 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2011-07-22</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110728121516/http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/soccer/world/events/1998/worldcup/">存档</a>于2011-07-28）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.atitle=CNN%2FSI+%E2%80%93+World+Cup&rft.date=1998-12-01&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sports+Illustrated&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsportsillustrated.cnn.com%2Fsoccer%2Fworld%2Fevents%2F1998%2Fworldcup%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-417"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-417">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.xinhuanet.com/sports/2018-07/16/c_1123129367.htm">法国队再捧大力神杯</a>. 新华网. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2018-07-16</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20180716170000/http://www.xinhuanet.com/sports/2018-07/16/c_1123129367.htm">存档</a>于2018-07-16）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.atitle=%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E9%98%9F%E5%86%8D%E6%8D%A7%E5%A4%A7%E5%8A%9B%E7%A5%9E%E6%9D%AF&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E6%96%B0%E5%8D%8E%E7%BD%91&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.xinhuanet.com%2Fsports%2F2018-07%2F16%2Fc_1123129367.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-418"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-418">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Stevenson, Jonathan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/world_cup_2006/4991652.stm">Zidane off as Italy win World Cup</a>. BBC News. 2006-07-09 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2011-07-21</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20180930122300/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/world_cup_2006/4991652.stm">存档</a>于2018-09-30）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.atitle=Zidane+off+as+Italy+win+World+Cup&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft.aulast=Stevenson&rft.date=2006-07-09&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2Fsport2%2Fhi%2Ffootball%2Fworld_cup_2006%2F4991652.stm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-419"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-419">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.uefa.com/uefaeuro/history/season%3D1984/index.html">1984: Platini shines for flamboyant France</a>. UEFA <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">互联网档案馆</a>的<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20120507185106/http://www.uefa.com/uefaeuro/history/season%3D1984/index.html">存檔</a>，存档日期2012-05-07.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-420"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-420">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.uefa.com/uefaeuro/history/season%3D2000/index.html">2000: Trezeguet strikes gold for France</a>. UEFA <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">互联网档案馆</a>的<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20111028011653/http://www.uefa.com/uefaeuro/history/season%3D2000/index.html">存檔</a>，存档日期2011-10-28.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-421"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-421">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/8826244.stm">"Thierry Henry calls end to France career"</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20200413060659/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/8826244.stm">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）. BBC Sport. Retrieved 29 October 2014</span></li> <li id="cite_note-422"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-422">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20090615002946/http://www.123voyage.com/realsw/tosee/rugby.htm">Rugby</a>. 123 Voyage</span></li> </ol> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="书目"><span id=".E4.B9.A6.E7.9B.AE"></span>书目</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&section=52&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="编辑章节：书目" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>编辑</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul> <li><cite id="CITEREFBradbury2007" class="citation book">Bradbury, Jim. The Capetians: Kings of France 987-1328. Bloomsbury Academic. 2007. <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9781852855284?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:网络书源/9781852855284"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 9781852855284</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.aufirst=Jim&rft.aulast=Bradbury&rft.btitle=The+Capetians%3A+Kings+of+France+987-1328&rft.date=2007&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9781852855284&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Academic&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFDoughty2008" class="citation book">Doughty, Robert A. Pyrrhic Victory: French Strategy and Operations in the Great War. Harvard University Press. 2008. <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780674034310?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:网络书源/9780674034310"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 9780674034310</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.aufirst=Robert+A.&rft.aulast=Doughty&rft.btitle=Pyrrhic+Victory%3A+French+Strategy+and+Operations+in+the+Great+War&rft.date=2008&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9780674034310&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFFloriTucker2019" class="citation encyclopaedia">Flori, Jean; Tucker, Spencer. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DDm6pDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA999">King Philip II</a>. Tucker, Spencer C. (编). Middle East Conflicts from Ancient Egypt to the 21st Century: An Encyclopedia and Document Collection. ABC-CLIO: 999. 2019. <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9781440853524?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:网络书源/9781440853524"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 9781440853524</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.atitle=King+Philip+II&rft.au=Tucker%2C+Spencer&rft.aufirst=Jean&rft.aulast=Flori&rft.btitle=Middle+East+Conflicts+from+Ancient+Egypt+to+the+21st+Century%3A+An+Encyclopedia+and+Document+Collection&rft.date=2019&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.isbn=9781440853524&rft.pages=999&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDm6pDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA999&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li>Jean Carpentier (dir.), François Lebrun (dir.), Alain Tranoy, Élisabeth Carpentier et Jean-Marie Mayeur (préface de Jacques Le Goff), Histoire de France, Points Seuil, coll. " Histoire ", Paris, 2000 (1re éd. 1987), p. 17 <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/2020108798?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 2-02-010879-8</a></li> <li><cite id="CITEREF杜比2010" class="citation book">杜比. 法国史. 由吕一民、沈坚、黄艳红翻译. 商务印书馆. 2010. <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9787100069045?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:网络书源/9787100069045"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 9787100069045</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&rft.au=%E6%9D%9C%E6%AF%94&rft.btitle=%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E5%8F%B2&rft.date=2010&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9787100069045&rft.pub=%E5%95%86%E5%8A%A1%E5%8D%B0%E4%B9%A6%E9%A6%86&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(14)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="外部連結"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E9.83.A8.E9.80.A3.E7.B5.90"></span>外部連結</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&section=53&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="编辑章节：外部連結" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>编辑</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-14 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-14"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655521">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style> <div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox" style="font-size:small;"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655520"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 30px;height: 40px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="30" data-height="40" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span> </div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%AB%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="维基共享资源">维基共享资源</a>中相關的多媒體資源：<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/France" class="extiw" title="commons:France"><span style="font-weight:bold;">法国</span></a>（<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:France" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:France">分類</a>） </div> </div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655521"> <div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox" style="font-size:small;"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655520"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 40px;height: 40px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="40" data-height="40" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/80px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span> </div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E5%9F%BA%E5%B0%8E%E9%81%8A?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="維基導遊">維基導遊</a>上的相關旅行指南：<b><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh.wikivoyage.org/wiki/%25E6%25B3%2595%25E5%259B%25BD" class="extiw" title="voy:法国">法国</a></b> </div> </div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655521"> <div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox" style="font-size:small;"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655520"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 34px;height: 40px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="34" data-height="40" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span> </div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E8%AF%AD%E5%BD%95?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="维基语录">维基语录</a>上的<b><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/%25E6%25B3%2595%25E5%259B%25BD" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/法国">法国语录</a></b> </div> </div> </div> <ul> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.elysee.fr/">爱丽舍宫：法国總統官邸官方網站</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20080909095955/http://www.elysee.fr/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20030327021241/http://www.premier-ministre.gouv.fr/">法国總理辦公室官方網站</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20030423232416/http://www.assemblee-nat.fr/english/index.asp">法国國民議會</a><small>（法語：<span lang="fr">Assemblée Nationale</span>）</small></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.culture.gouv.fr/">法国文化與交流部</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20150708224206/http://www.culture.gouv.fr/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）<small>（法語：<span lang="fr">Ministère de la Culture et de la communication</span>）</small></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://france.meteo.growiktionary.org/">法国天气</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%A4%B1%E6%95%88%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:失效链接"><span title="自2018年6月失效">永久失效連結</span></a>]</span></sup></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://annuairepagesblanches.org/pages-jaunes">法國電話簿官方網站</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20170726015456/http://annuairepagesblanches.org/pages-jaunes">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://hellojobinparis.com/jobs-in-paris">英语在法国</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20170325030358/http://hellojobinparis.com/jobs-in-paris">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.adminet.com/jo">法国法律網</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20031002112516/http://www.adminet.com/jo">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）<small>（法語：<span lang="fr">Journal Officiel</span>）</small>，建立于1948年，用以發布<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="法国政府">法国政府</a>的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%BE%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法律">法律</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%A6%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法規">法規</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%AD%B0%E6%9C%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="議會">議會</a>辯論等的正式文件，同時有<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%9B%B8%E9%9D%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="書面">書面</a>和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%AF%E7%B6%B2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="互聯網">網路</a>兩個版本；從2004年開始<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%AF%E7%B6%B2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="互聯網">網路</a>版本與<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%9B%B8%E9%9D%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="書面">書面</a>版本具有相同的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%BE%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法律">法律</a>效力。</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Wikimedia-logo.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Wikimedia-logo.svg/15px-Wikimedia-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1024"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 15px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Wikimedia-logo.svg/15px-Wikimedia-logo.svg.png" data-width="15" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Wikimedia-logo.svg/23px-Wikimedia-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Wikimedia-logo.svg/30px-Wikimedia-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Atlas_of_France" class="extiw" title="commons:Atlas of France">維基媒體的法国地圖集</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Gnome-globe.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/15px-Gnome-globe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 15px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/15px-Gnome-globe.svg.png" data-width="15" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/23px-Gnome-globe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/30px-Gnome-globe.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">（英文）</span></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/16px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="256"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 16px;height: 16px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/16px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="16" data-height="16" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/24px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/32px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/OpenStreetMap?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="OpenStreetMap">OpenStreetMap</a>上有關<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.openstreetmap.org/relation/1403916">法国</a>的地理信息</li> </ul> <div style="clear: both; height: 1em"></div> <table class="noprint metadata" style="border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; background: #f8f9fa; text-align: center; width:80%; font-size:80%; margin:0.5em auto"> <caption> </caption> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width:0%; padding-right:5px" rowspan="5"> <figure class="mw-halign-center skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"> <span> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Compass_rose_pale.svg/50px-Compass_rose_pale.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 50px;height: 50px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Compass_rose_pale.svg/50px-Compass_rose_pale.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="50" data-height="50" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Compass_rose_pale.svg/75px-Compass_rose_pale.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Compass_rose_pale.svg/100px-Compass_rose_pale.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span> <figcaption></figcaption> </figure></td> <td style="width:33%"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%87%B1%E7%88%BE%E7%89%B9%E6%B5%B7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="凱爾特海">凱爾特海</a></td> <td style="width:33%"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 22px;height: 11px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="22" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span> </span><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9B%BD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="英国">英国</a><br><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%90%89%E5%88%A9%E6%B5%B7%E5%B3%BD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="英吉利海峽">英吉利海峽</a><br></td> <td style="width:33%"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 22px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="22" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span> </span><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E5%88%A9%E6%97%B6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="比利时">比利时</a> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/22px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 22px;height: 13px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/22px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="22" data-height="13" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/33px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/44px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span> </span><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%A2%E6%A3%AE%E5%A0%A1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="卢森堡">盧森堡</a></td> <td style="width:0%; padding-left:5px" rowspan="5"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Compass_rose_pale.svg/50px-Compass_rose_pale.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 50px;height: 50px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Compass_rose_pale.svg/50px-Compass_rose_pale.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="50" data-height="50" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Compass_rose_pale.svg/75px-Compass_rose_pale.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Compass_rose_pale.svg/100px-Compass_rose_pale.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width:33%" rowspan="3"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E6%96%AF%E9%96%8B%E7%81%A3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="比斯開灣">比斯開灣</a></td> <td style="width:33%"><span class="mw-default-size skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span title="北"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/North.svg/17px-North.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="17" data-file-height="17"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 17px;height: 17px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/North.svg/17px-North.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="17" data-height="17" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/North.svg/26px-North.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/North.svg/34px-North.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span></td> <td style="width:33%" rowspan="3"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/22px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 22px;height: 13px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/22px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="22" data-height="13" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/33px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/44px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span> </span><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="德国">德国</a><br><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/20px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 20px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/20px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="20" data-height="20" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/30px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/40px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span> </span><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E5%A3%AB?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="瑞士">瑞士</a><br><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/22px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 22px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/22px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="22" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/33px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/44px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span> </span><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%BE%A9%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="義大利">義大利</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width:33%"> <table style="width:100%"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width:50%; text-align:right"> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"> <span title="西"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/West.svg/17px-West.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="17" data-file-height="17"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 17px;height: 17px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/West.svg/17px-West.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="17" data-height="17" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/West.svg/26px-West.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/West.svg/34px-West.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span> <figcaption> 西 </figcaption> </figure></td> <td style="width:0%; text-align: center" nowrap> <b><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/22px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 22px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/22px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="22" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/33px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/44px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span> </span><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="法國">法國</a></b> </td> <td style="width:50%; text-align:left"> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"> <span title="東"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Boxed_East_arrow.svg/17px-Boxed_East_arrow.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="17" data-file-height="17"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 17px;height: 17px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Boxed_East_arrow.svg/17px-Boxed_East_arrow.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="17" data-height="17" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Boxed_East_arrow.svg/26px-Boxed_East_arrow.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Boxed_East_arrow.svg/34px-Boxed_East_arrow.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span> <figcaption> 東 </figcaption> </figure></td> </tr> </tbody> </table></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width:33%"><span class="mw-default-size skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span title="南"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/South.svg/17px-South.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="17" data-file-height="17"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 17px;height: 17px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/South.svg/17px-South.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="17" data-height="17" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/South.svg/26px-South.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/South.svg/34px-South.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width:33%"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/22px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 22px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/22px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="22" data-height="15" 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href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/zh-hans/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" lang="zh-Hans" hreflang="zh-Hans"><span>简体</span></a></li> <li id="ca-varlang-2" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/zh-hant/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" lang="zh-Hant" hreflang="zh-Hant"><span>繁體</span></a></li> <li id="ca-varlang-3" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-CN mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/zh-cn/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" lang="zh-Hans-CN" hreflang="zh-Hans-CN"><span>大陆简体</span></a></li> <li id="ca-varlang-4" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-HK mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/zh-hk/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" lang="zh-Hant-HK" hreflang="zh-Hant-HK"><span>香港繁體</span></a></li> <li id="ca-varlang-5" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-MO mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/zh-mo/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" lang="zh-Hant-MO" hreflang="zh-Hant-MO"><span>澳門繁體</span></a></li> <li id="ca-varlang-6" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-MY mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/zh-my/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" lang="zh-Hans-MY" hreflang="zh-Hans-MY"><span>大马简体</span></a></li> <li id="ca-varlang-7" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-SG mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/zh-sg/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" lang="zh-Hans-SG" hreflang="zh-Hans-SG"><span>新加坡简体</span></a></li> <li id="ca-varlang-8" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-TW mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/zh-tw/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" lang="zh-Hant-TW" hreflang="zh-Hant-TW"><span>臺灣正體</span></a></li> </ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A4%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D1%2586%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B0" title="Франциа – 阿布哈西亚语" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Франциа" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="阿布哈西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peurancih" title="Peurancih – 亚齐语" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Peurancih" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="亚齐语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A4%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D1%2586%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B5" title="Францие – 阿迪格语" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Францие" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="阿迪格语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгабзэ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankryk" title="Frankryk – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Frankryk" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankreich" title="Frankreich – 瑞士德语" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Frankreich" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="瑞士德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%258D%2588%25E1%2588%25A8%25E1%258A%2595%25E1%2588%25A3%25E1%258B%25AD" title="ፈረንሣይ – 阿姆哈拉语" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ፈረንሣይ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="阿姆哈拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/France" title="France – Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="France" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangcah</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francia" title="Francia – 阿拉贡语" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Francia" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="阿拉贡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francland" title="Francland – 古英语" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Francland" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="古英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ann mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ann.wikipedia.org/wiki/Furans" title="Furans – 奥博洛语" lang="ann" hreflang="ann" data-title="Furans" data-language-autonym="Obolo" data-language-local-name="奥博洛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Obolo</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25AB%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%2582%25E0%25A4%25B8" title="फ्रांस – 昂加语" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="फ्रांस" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="昂加语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2581%25D8%25B1%25D9%2586%25D8%25B3%25D8%25A7" title="فرنسا – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فرنسا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DC%25A6%25DC%25AA%25DC%25A2%25DC%25A3%25DC%2590" title="ܦܪܢܣܐ – 阿拉米语" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܦܪܢܣܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="阿拉米语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2581%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25D8%25B3%25D8%25A7" title="فرانسا – 摩洛哥阿拉伯文" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="فرانسا" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="摩洛哥阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2581%25D8%25B1%25D9%2586%25D8%25B3%25D8%25A7" title="فرنسا – 埃及阿拉伯文" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="فرنسا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="埃及阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A6%25AB%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A7%25B0%25E0%25A6%25BE%25E0%25A6%25A8%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%25B8" title="ফ্ৰান্স – 阿萨姆语" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ফ্ৰান্স" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="阿萨姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francia" title="Francia – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Francia" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-atj mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://atj.wikipedia.org/wiki/France" title="France – 阿提卡米克语" lang="atj" hreflang="atj" data-title="France" data-language-autonym="Atikamekw" data-language-local-name="阿提卡米克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Atikamekw</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259F%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D1%2581" title="Паранс – 阿瓦尔语" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Паранс" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="阿瓦尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franca" title="Franca – 科塔瓦文" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Franca" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="科塔瓦文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25AB%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%2582%25E0%25A4%25B8" title="फ्रांस – 阿瓦德语" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="फ्रांस" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="阿瓦德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phransiya" title="Phransiya – 艾马拉语" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Phransiya" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="艾马拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fransa" title="Fransa – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Fransa" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2581%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25D8%25B3%25D9%2587" title="فرانسه – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="فرانسه" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A4%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D1%2586%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F" title="Франция – 巴什基尔语" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Франция" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="巴什基尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perancis" title="Perancis – 巴厘语" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Perancis" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="巴厘语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankreich" title="Frankreich – 巴伐利亞文" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Frankreich" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="巴伐利亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pranc%25C5%25ABz%25C4%2597j%25C4%2597" title="Prancūzėjė – 薩莫吉希亞文" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Prancūzėjė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="薩莫吉希亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bbc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bbc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paransis" title="Paransis – 巴塔克托巴文" lang="bbc" hreflang="bbc" data-title="Paransis" data-language-autonym="Batak Toba" data-language-local-name="巴塔克托巴文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Toba</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pransya" title="Pransya – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Pransya" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A4%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D1%2586%25D1%258B%25D1%258F" title="Францыя – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Францыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A4%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D1%2586%25D1%258B%25D1%258F" title="Францыя – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Францыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prasman" title="Prasman – 貝塔維文" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Prasman" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="貝塔維文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A4%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D1%2586%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F" title="Франция – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Франция" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25AB%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%2582%25E0%25A4%25B8" title="फ्रांस – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="फ्रांस" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franis" title="Franis – 比斯拉马语" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Franis" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="比斯拉马语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parancis" title="Parancis – 班亞爾文" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Parancis" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="班亞爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2580%2595%25E1%2580%25AD%25E1%2580%2589%25E1%2580%25BA%25E1%2580%2590%25E1%2580%25AD%25E1%2580%2585%25E1%2580%25BA%25E1%2580%2581%25E1%2580%2599%25E1%2580%25BA%25E1%2580%25B8%25E1%2580%2591%25E1%2580%25AE" title="ပိဉ်တိစ်ခမ်းထီ – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="ပိဉ်တိစ်ခမ်းထီ" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%25C3%25A0ransi" title="Fàransi – 班巴拉语" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Fàransi" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="班巴拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bamanankan</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A6%25AB%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%25B0%25E0%25A6%25BE%25E0%25A6%25A8%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%25B8" title="ফ্রান্স – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ফ্রান্স" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25BD%25A7%25E0%25BE%25A5%25E0%25BC%258B%25E0%25BD%25A2%25E0%25BD%2593%25E0%25BC%258B%25E0%25BD%25A6%25E0%25BD%25B2%25E0%25BC%258D" title="ཧྥ་རན་སི། – 藏语" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཧྥ་རན་སི།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="藏语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A6%25AB%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%25B0%25E0%25A6%25BE%25E0%25A6%25A8%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%25B8" title="ফ্রান্স – 比什奴普萊利亞文" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="ফ্রান্স" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="比什奴普萊利亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bro-C%2527hall" title="Bro-C'hall – 布列塔尼语" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Bro-C'hall" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="布列塔尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francuska" title="Francuska – 波斯尼亚语" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Francuska" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波斯尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perancis" title="Perancis – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Perancis" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bug mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%25A8%2584%25E1%25A8%2599%25E1%25A8%2591%25E1%25A8%258A%25E1%25A8%258C%25E1%25A8%2597%25E1%25A8%2594" title="ᨄᨙᨑᨊᨌᨗᨔ – 布吉语" lang="bug" hreflang="bug" data-title="ᨄᨙᨑᨊᨌᨗᨔ" data-language-autonym="Basa Ugi" data-language-local-name="布吉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Ugi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A4%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D1%2586%25D0%25B8" title="Франци – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Франци" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%25C3%25A7a" title="França – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="França" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francia" title="Francia – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Francia" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hu%25C3%25A1k-gu%25C3%25B3k" title="Huák-guók – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Huák-guók" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A4%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D1%2586%25D0%25B8" title="Франци – 车臣语" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Франци" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="车臣语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pransiya" title="Pransiya – 宿务语" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Pransiya" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="宿务语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ch mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ch.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francia" title="Francia – 查莫罗语" lang="ch" hreflang="ch" data-title="Francia" data-language-autonym="Chamoru" data-language-local-name="查莫罗语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chamoru</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%258E%25A6%25E1%258E%25B8%25E1%258F%25A5%25E1%258F%25B1" title="ᎦᎸᏥᏱ – 切罗基语" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎦᎸᏥᏱ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="切罗基语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/France" title="France – 夏延语" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="France" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="夏延语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tsetsêhestâhese</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2581%25DB%2595%25DA%2595%25DB%2595%25D9%2586%25D8%25B3%25D8%25A7" title="فەڕەنسا – 中库尔德语" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="فەڕەنسا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="中库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francia" title="Francia – 科西嘉语" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Francia" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="科西嘉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frenkistan" title="Frenkistan – 克里米亚鞑靼语" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Frenkistan" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="克里米亚鞑靼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francie" title="Francie – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Francie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franc%25C3%25ABj%25C3%25B4" title="Francëjô – 卡舒比语" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Francëjô" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="卡舒比语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A4%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D0%25BA%25D1%2597%25EA%2599%2597" title="Франкїꙗ – 教会斯拉夫语" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Франкїꙗ" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="教会斯拉夫语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A4%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D1%2586%25D0%25B8" title="Франци – 楚瓦什语" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Франци" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="楚瓦什语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ffrainc" title="Ffrainc – 威尔士语" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Ffrainc" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威尔士语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankrig" title="Frankrig – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Frankrig" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/France" title="France – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="France" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankreich" title="Frankreich – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Frankreich" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fransa" title="Fransa – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Fransa" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francojska" title="Francojska – 下索布语" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Francojska" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="下索布语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perancis" title="Perancis – 中部杜順文" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="Perancis" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="中部杜順文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kadazandusun</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25AB%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25A8%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B8" title="फ्रान्स – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="फ्रान्स" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DE%258A%25DE%25A6%25DE%2583%25DE%25A6%25DE%2582%25DE%25B0%25DE%2590%25DE%25AD%25DE%2590%25DE%25A8%25DE%2588%25DE%25A8%25DE%258D%25DE%25A7%25DE%258C%25DE%25B0" title="ފަރަންސޭސިވިލާތް – 迪维希语" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ފަރަންސޭސިވިލާތް" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="迪维希语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dz mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://dz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25BD%2595%25E0%25BD%25A2%25E0%25BD%25B1%25E0%25BD%2593%25E0%25BD%25A6%25E0%25BD%25B2%25E0%25BC%258B" title="ཕརཱནསི་ – 宗卡语" lang="dz" hreflang="dz" data-title="ཕརཱནསི་" data-language-autonym="ཇོང་ཁ" data-language-local-name="宗卡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ཇོང་ཁ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ee mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frans" title="Frans – 埃维语" lang="ee" hreflang="ee" data-title="Frans" data-language-autonym="Eʋegbe" data-language-local-name="埃维语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eʋegbe</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25CE%2593%25CE%25B1%25CE%25BB%25CE%25BB%25CE%25AF%25CE%25B1" title="Γαλλία – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γαλλία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franza" title="Franza – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Franza" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France" title="France – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="France" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="优良条目"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francio" title="Francio – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Francio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francia" title="Francia – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Francia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prantsusmaa" title="Prantsusmaa – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Prantsusmaa" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frantzia" title="Frantzia – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Frantzia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francia" title="Francia – 埃斯特雷馬杜拉文" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Francia" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="埃斯特雷馬杜拉文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2581%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25D8%25B3%25D9%2587" title="فرانسه – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فرانسه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farayse" title="Farayse – 富拉语" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Farayse" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="富拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fulfulde</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="优良条目"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ranska" title="Ranska – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ranska" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prantsusmaa" title="Prantsusmaa – 佛羅文" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Prantsusmaa" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="佛羅文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varanise" title="Varanise – 斐济语" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Varanise" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="斐济语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frakland" title="Frakland – 法罗语" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Frakland" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="法罗语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fon mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fon.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flans%25C3%25A9t%25C3%25B2" title="Flansétò – 丰语" lang="fon" hreflang="fon" data-title="Flansétò" data-language-autonym="Fɔ̀ngbè" data-language-local-name="丰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fɔ̀ngbè</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/France" title="France – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="France" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/France" title="France – 法蘭克-普羅旺斯文" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="France" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="法蘭克-普羅旺斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fr%25C3%25A5nkrik" title="Frånkrik – 北弗里西亚语" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Frånkrik" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="北弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/France" title="France – 弗留利语" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="France" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="弗留利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankryk" title="Frankryk – 西弗里西亚语" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Frankryk" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="西弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Fhrainc" title="An Fhrainc – 爱尔兰语" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Fhrainc" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="爱尔兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%25C5%25A3iya" title="Franţiya – 加告兹语" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Franţiya" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="加告兹语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E6%25B3%2595%25E5%259C%258B" title="法國 – 赣语" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="法國" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="赣语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lafrans" title="Lafrans – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Lafrans" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Fhraing" title="An Fhraing – 苏格兰盖尔语" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="An Fhraing" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="苏格兰盖尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francia" title="Francia – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Francia" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2581%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25D8%25B3%25D9%2587" title="فرانسه – 吉拉基文" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="فرانسه" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="吉拉基文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>گیلکی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hy%25C3%25A3sia" title="Hyãsia – 瓜拉尼语" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Hyãsia" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="瓜拉尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25AB%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%2582%25E0%25A4%25B8" title="फ्रांस – 孔卡尼文" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="फ्रांस" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="孔卡尼文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25F0%2590%258D%2586%25F0%2590%258D%2582%25F0%2590%258C%25B0%25F0%2590%258C%25B2%25F0%2590%258C%25BA%25F0%2590%258C%25B0%25F0%2590%258C%25BB%25F0%2590%258C%25B0%25F0%2590%258C%25BD%25F0%2590%258C%25B3" title="𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌲𐌺𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌽𐌳 – 哥特语" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌲𐌺𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌽𐌳" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="哥特语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25AA%25AB%25E0%25AB%258D%25E0%25AA%25B0%25E0%25AA%25BE%25E0%25AA%25A8%25E0%25AB%258D%25E0%25AA%25B8" title="ફ્રાન્સ – 古吉拉特语" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ફ્રાન્સ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="古吉拉特语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yn_Rank" title="Yn Rank – 马恩语" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Yn Rank" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="马恩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faransa" title="Faransa – 豪萨语" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Faransa" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="豪萨语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fap-koet" title="Fap-koet – 客家语" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Fap-koet" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="客家语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palani" title="Palani – 夏威夷语" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Palani" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="夏威夷语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D7%25A6%25D7%25A8%25D7%25A4%25D7%25AA" title="צרפת – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="צרפת" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25AB%25E0%25A4%25BC%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25A8%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B8" title="फ़्रान्स – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="फ़्रान्स" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/France" title="France – 斐濟印地文" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="France" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="斐濟印地文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francuska" title="Francuska – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Francuska" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francoska" title="Francoska – 上索布语" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Francoska" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="上索布语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frans" title="Frans – 海地克里奥尔语" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Frans" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="海地克里奥尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franciaorsz%25C3%25A1g" title="Franciaország – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Franciaország" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D5%2596%25D6%2580%25D5%25A1%25D5%25B6%25D5%25BD%25D5%25AB%25D5%25A1" title="Ֆրանսիա – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ֆրանսիա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D5%2596%25D6%2580%25D5%25A1%25D5%25B6%25D5%25BD%25D5%25A1" title="Ֆրանսա – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Ֆրանսա" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francia" title="Francia – 国际语" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Francia" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="国际语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peranchis" title="Peranchis – 伊班语" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Peranchis" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="伊班语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prancis" title="Prancis – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Prancis" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francia" title="Francia – 国际文字（E）" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Francia" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="国际文字（E）" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/France" title="France – 伊博语" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="France" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="伊博语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pransia" title="Pransia – 伊洛卡诺语" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Pransia" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="伊洛卡诺语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A4%25D0%25B0%25D1%258C%25D1%2580%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B3%25D0%25B5%25D1%2585%25D1%258C%25D0%25B5" title="Фаьренгехье – 印古什语" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Фаьренгехье" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="印古什语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francia" title="Francia – 伊多语" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Francia" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="伊多语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="优良条目"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frakkland" title="Frakkland – 冰岛语" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Frakkland" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰岛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francia" title="Francia – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Francia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://iu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2595%2597%25E1%2595%258C%25E1%2593%2590%25E1%2594%2585" title="ᕗᕌᓐᔅ – 因纽特语" lang="iu" hreflang="iu" data-title="ᕗᕌᓐᔅ" data-language-autonym="ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut" data-language-local-name="因纽特语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E3%2583%2595%25E3%2583%25A9%25E3%2583%25B3%25E3%2582%25B9" title="フランス – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="フランス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frans" title="Frans – 牙買加克里奧爾英文" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Frans" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="牙買加克里奧爾英文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/fasygu%2527e" title="fasygu'e – 逻辑语" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="fasygu'e" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="逻辑语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prancis" title="Prancis – 爪哇语" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Prancis" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="爪哇语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2583%25A1%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%25A4%25E1%2583%25A0%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%259C%25E1%2583%2592%25E1%2583%2594%25E1%2583%2597%25E1%2583%2598" title="საფრანგეთი – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="საფრანგეთი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franciya" title="Franciya – 卡拉卡尔帕克语" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Franciya" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="卡拉卡尔帕克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fransa" title="Fransa – 卡拜尔语" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Fransa" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="卡拜尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A4%25D1%2580%25D1%258D%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B6" title="Фрэндж – 卡巴尔德语" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Фрэндж" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="卡巴尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frans%25C9%25A9%25C9%25A9" title="Fransɩɩ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Fransɩɩ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fi%25CC%25B1ransa_(a%25CC%25B1byin)" title="Fi̱ransa (a̱byin) – 卡塔布语" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Fi̱ransa (a̱byin)" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="卡塔布语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fwalansa" title="Fwalansa – 刚果语" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Fwalansa" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="刚果语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prancis" title="Prancis – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Prancis" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baranja" title="Baranja – 吉库尤语" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Baranja" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="吉库尤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A4%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D1%2586%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F" title="Франция – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Франция" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%259E%2594%25E1%259E%25B6%25E1%259E%259A%25E1%259E%25B6%25E1%259F%2586%25E1%259E%2584" title="បារាំង – 高棉语" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="បារាំង" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="高棉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B2%25AB%25E0%25B3%258D%25E0%25B2%25B0%25E0%25B2%25BE%25E0%25B2%25A8%25E0%25B3%258D%25E0%25B2%25B8%25E0%25B3%258D" title="ಫ್ರಾನ್ಸ್ – 卡纳达语" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಫ್ರಾನ್ಸ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="卡纳达语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25ED%2594%2584%25EB%259E%2591%25EC%258A%25A4" title="프랑스 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="프랑스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A4%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D1%2581" title="Франс – 科米-彼尔米亚克语" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Франс" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="科米-彼尔米亚克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Перем коми</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A4%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D1%2586%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F" title="Франция – 卡拉恰伊巴尔卡尔语" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Франция" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="卡拉恰伊巴尔卡尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2581%25D8%25B1%25D9%259B%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25D9%259B%25D8%25B3" title="فرٛانٛس – 克什米尔语" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="فرٛانٛس" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="克什米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankreich" title="Frankreich – 科隆语" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Frankreich" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="科隆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fransa" title="Fransa – 库尔德语" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Fransa" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259F%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D1%2581%25D1%2583%25D0%25B7%25D0%25BC%25D1%2583" title="Прансузму – 科米语" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Прансузму" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="科米语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pow_Frynk" title="Pow Frynk – 康沃尔语" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Pow Frynk" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="康沃尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A4%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D1%2586%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F" title="Франция – 柯尔克孜语" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Франция" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="柯尔克孜语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francia" title="Francia – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Francia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fransia" title="Fransia – 拉迪诺语" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Fransia" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="拉迪诺语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankr%25C3%25A4ich" title="Frankräich – 卢森堡语" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Frankräich" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="卢森堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A4%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D1%2586%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F" title="Франция – 列兹金语" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Франция" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="列兹金语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frans" title="Frans – 新共同語言" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Frans" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="新共同語言" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bufalansa" title="Bufalansa – 卢干达语" lang="lg" hreflang="lg" data-title="Bufalansa" data-language-autonym="Luganda" data-language-local-name="卢干达语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Luganda</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankriek" title="Frankriek – 林堡语" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Frankriek" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="林堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fransa" title="Fransa – 利古里亚语" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Fransa" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="利古里亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franzia" title="Franzia – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Franzia" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fr%25C3%25A0ncia" title="Frància – 倫巴底文" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Frància" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="倫巴底文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falansia" title="Falansia – 林加拉语" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Falansia" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="林加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25BA%259B%25E0%25BA%25B0%25E0%25BB%2580%25E0%25BA%2597%25E0%25BA%2594%25E0%25BA%259D%25E0%25BA%25A3%25E0%25BA%25B1%25E0%25BB%2588%25E0%25BA%2587" title="ປະເທດຝຣັ່ງ – 老挝语" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ປະເທດຝຣັ່ງ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="老挝语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="优良条目"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pranc%25C5%25ABzija" title="Prancūzija – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Prancūzija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pra%25C5%2586ceja" title="Praņceja – 拉特加萊文" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Praņceja" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="拉特加萊文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latgaļu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francija" title="Francija – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Francija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prancis" title="Prancis – 马都拉语" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Prancis" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="马都拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Madhurâ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25AB%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25A8%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B8" title="फ्रान्स – 迈蒂利语" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="फ्रान्स" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="迈蒂利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perancis" title="Perancis – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Perancis" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259A%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D1%2586%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B0%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25BE%25D1%2580" title="Кранцмастор – 莫克沙语" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Кранцмастор" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="莫克沙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frantsa" title="Frantsa – 马拉加斯语" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Frantsa" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="马拉加斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A4%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D1%2586%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B9" title="Франций – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Франций" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%25C4%25ABw%25C4%25AB" title="Wīwī – 毛利语" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Wīwī" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="毛利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parancih" title="Parancih – 米南佳保语" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Parancih" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="米南佳保语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A4%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D1%2586%25D0%25B8%25D1%2598%25D0%25B0" title="Франција – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Франција" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B4%25AB%25E0%25B5%258D%25E0%25B4%25B0%25E0%25B4%25BE%25E0%25B5%25BB%25E0%25B4%25B8%25E0%25B5%258D" title="ഫ്രാൻസ് – 马拉雅拉姆语" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഫ്രാൻസ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="马拉雅拉姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A4%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D1%2586" title="Франц – 蒙古语" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Франц" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="蒙古语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25EA%25AF%2590%25EA%25AF%25AD%25EA%25AF%2594%25EA%25AF%25A5%25EA%25AF%259F%25EA%25AF%2581" title="ꯐ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯁ – 曼尼普尔语" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯐ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯁ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="曼尼普尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25AB%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25A8%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B8" title="फ्रान्स – 马拉地语" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="फ्रान्स" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="马拉地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perancis" title="Perancis – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Perancis" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franza" title="Franza – 马耳他语" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Franza" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="马耳他语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fr%25C3%25A1ncia" title="Fráncia – 米兰德斯语" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Fráncia" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="米兰德斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2580%2595%25E1%2580%25BC%25E1%2580%2584%25E1%2580%25BA%25E1%2580%259E%25E1%2580%2585%25E1%2580%25BA%25E1%2580%2594%25E1%2580%25AD%25E1%2580%25AF%25E1%2580%2584%25E1%2580%25BA%25E1%2580%2584%25E1%2580%25B6" title="ပြင်သစ်နိုင်ငံ – 缅甸语" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ပြင်သစ်နိုင်ငံ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="缅甸语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A4%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D1%2586%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F_%25D0%259C%25D0%25B0%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25BE%25D1%2580" title="Франция Мастор – 厄尔兹亚语" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Франция Мастор" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="厄尔兹亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2581%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25D8%25B3%25D9%2587" title="فرانسه – 马赞德兰语" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="فرانسه" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="马赞德兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franza" title="Franza – 那不勒斯语" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Franza" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="那不勒斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankriek" title="Frankriek – 低地德语" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Frankriek" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="低地德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankriek" title="Frankriek – 低萨克森语" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Frankriek" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="低萨克森语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25AB%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25A8%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B8" title="फ्रान्स – 尼泊尔语" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="फ्रान्स" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="尼泊尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25AB%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25A8%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B8" title="फ्रान्स – 尼瓦尔语" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="फ्रान्स" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="尼瓦尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankrijk" title="Frankrijk – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Frankrijk" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankrike" title="Frankrike – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Frankrike" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankrike" title="Frankrike – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Frankrike" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fransia" title="Fransia – 諾維亞文" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Fransia" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="諾維亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nqo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nqo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DF%259D%25DF%258A%25DF%25AC%25DF%2599%25DF%258A%25DF%25B2%25DF%25AC%25DF%259B%25DF%258C%25DF%25AB" title="ߝߊ߬ߙߊ߲߬ߛߌ߫ – 西非书面文字" lang="nqo" hreflang="nqo" data-title="ߝߊ߬ߙߊ߲߬ߛߌ߫" data-language-autonym="ߒߞߏ" data-language-local-name="西非书面文字" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ߒߞߏ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fraunce" title="Fraunce – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Fraunce" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fora" title="Fora – 北索托语" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Fora" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="北索托语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%25C3%25A1%25C3%25A1ghahii_Dine%25CA%25BC%25C3%25A9_Bik%25C3%25A9yah" title="Dáághahii Dineʼé Bikéyah – 纳瓦霍语" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Dáághahii Dineʼé Bikéyah" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="纳瓦霍语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/France" title="France – 齐切瓦语" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" data-title="France" data-language-autonym="Chi-Chewa" data-language-local-name="齐切瓦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chi-Chewa</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%25C3%25A7a" title="França – 奥克语" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="França" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奥克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frantsii" title="Frantsii – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Frantsii" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firaansi" title="Firaansi – 奥罗莫语" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Firaansi" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="奥罗莫语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A4%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D1%2586" title="Франц – 奥塞梯语" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Франц" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="奥塞梯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A8%25AB%25E0%25A8%25BC%25E0%25A8%25B0%25E0%25A8%25BE%25E0%25A8%2582%25E0%25A8%25B8" title="ਫ਼ਰਾਂਸ – 旁遮普语" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਫ਼ਰਾਂਸ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="旁遮普语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fransia" title="Fransia – 邦阿西南语" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="Fransia" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="邦阿西南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangasinan</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pransiya" title="Pransiya – 邦板牙语" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Pransiya" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="邦板牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fransia" title="Fransia – 帕皮阿门托语" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Fransia" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="帕皮阿门托语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franche" title="Franche – 庇卡底文" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Franche" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="庇卡底文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankreich" title="Frankreich – 賓夕法尼亞德文" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Frankreich" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="賓夕法尼亞德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deitsch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pfl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pfl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankreich" title="Frankreich – 普法爾茨德文" lang="pfl" hreflang="pfl" data-title="Frankreich" data-language-autonym="Pälzisch" data-language-local-name="普法爾茨德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pälzisch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25AB%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%2582%25E0%25A4%25B8" title="फ्रांस – 巴利语" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="फ्रांस" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="巴利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frans" title="Frans – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Frans" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francja" title="Francja – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Francja" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fransa" title="Fransa – 皮埃蒙特文" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Fransa" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="皮埃蒙特文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2581%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25D8%25B3" title="فرانس – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="فرانس" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pnt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25CE%2593%25CE%25B1%25CE%25BB%25CE%25BB%25CE%25AF%25CE%25B1" title="Γαλλία – 旁狄希臘文" lang="pnt" hreflang="pnt" data-title="Γαλλία" data-language-autonym="Ποντιακά" data-language-local-name="旁狄希臘文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ποντιακά</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2581%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25D8%25B3%25D9%2587" title="فرانسه – 普什图语" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="فرانسه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="普什图语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%25C3%25A7a" title="França – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="França" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ransiya" title="Ransiya – 克丘亚语" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Ransiya" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="克丘亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frantscha" title="Frantscha – 罗曼什语" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Frantscha" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="罗曼什语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franchiya" title="Franchiya – Vlax Romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Franchiya" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="Vlax Romani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Romani čhib</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://rn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubufaransa" title="Ubufaransa – 隆迪语" lang="rn" hreflang="rn" data-title="Ubufaransa" data-language-autonym="Ikirundi" data-language-local-name="隆迪语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikirundi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%25C8%259Ba" title="Franța – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Franța" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fr%25C3%25A2n%25C8%259Bie" title="Frânție – 阿罗马尼亚语" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Frânție" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="阿罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frange" title="Frange – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Frange" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A4%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D1%2586%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F" title="Франция – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Франция" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A4%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D1%2586%25D1%2596%25D1%258F" title="Франція – 盧森尼亞文" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Франція" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="盧森尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubufaransa" title="Ubufaransa – 卢旺达语" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Ubufaransa" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="卢旺达语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25AB%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25A8%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B8%25E0%25A4%25A6%25E0%25A5%2587%25E0%25A4%25B6%25E0%25A4%2583" title="फ्रान्सदेशः – 梵语" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="फ्रान्सदेशः" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="梵语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2591%25D1%258B%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D1%2581%25D1%258B%25D0%25B9%25D0%25B0" title="Быраансыйа – 萨哈语" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Быраансыйа" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="萨哈语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%25B1%25AF%25E1%25B1%25B7%25E1%25B1%25A8%25E1%25B1%259F%25E1%25B1%25B1%25E1%25B1%25A5" title="ᱯᱷᱨᱟᱱᱥ – 桑塔利语" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱯᱷᱨᱟᱱᱥ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="桑塔利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frantza" title="Frantza – 萨丁语" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Frantza" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="萨丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francia" title="Francia – 西西里语" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Francia" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="西西里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fraunce" title="Fraunce – 苏格兰语" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Fraunce" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="苏格兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2581%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25D8%25B3" title="فرانس – 信德语" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="فرانس" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="信德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankriika" title="Frankriika – 北方萨米语" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Frankriika" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="北方萨米语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Far%25C3%25A2nzi" title="Farânzi – 桑戈语" lang="sg" hreflang="sg" data-title="Farânzi" data-language-autonym="Sängö" data-language-local-name="桑戈语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sängö</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francuska" title="Francuska – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Francuska" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%25E1%25B9%259Ban%25E1%25B9%25A3a" title="Fṛanṣa – 希尔哈语" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Fṛanṣa" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="希尔哈语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2580%2599%25E1%2580%25AD%25E1%2580%25B0%25E1%2580%2584%25E1%2580%25BA%25E1%2580%25B8%25E1%2581%25BE%25E1%2580%259B%25E1%2581%25A2%25E1%2580%2584%25E1%2580%25BA%25E1%2582%2587%25E1%2580%259E%25E1%2580%25B5%25E1%2580%2590%25E1%2580%25BA%25E1%2582%2588" title="မိူင်းၾရၢင်ႇသဵတ်ႈ – 掸语" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="မိူင်းၾရၢင်ႇသဵတ်ႈ" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="掸语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B6%25B4%25E0%25B7%258A%25E2%2580%258D%25E0%25B6%25BB%25E0%25B6%2582%25E0%25B7%2581%25E0%25B6%25BA" title="ප්රංශය – 僧伽罗语" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ප්රංශය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="僧伽罗语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/France" title="France – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="France" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franc%25C3%25BAzsko" title="Francúzsko – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Francúzsko" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2581%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25D8%25B3" title="فرانس – 色莱基语" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="فرانس" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="色莱基语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francija" title="Francija – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Francija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farani" title="Farani – 萨摩亚语" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Farani" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="萨摩亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ranska" title="Ranska – 伊纳里萨米语" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Ranska" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="伊纳里萨米语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Furanzi" title="Furanzi – 绍纳语" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Furanzi" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="绍纳语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faransiiska" title="Faransiiska – 索马里语" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Faransiiska" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="索马里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franca" title="Franca – 阿尔巴尼亚语" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Franca" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿尔巴尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A4%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D1%2586%25D1%2583%25D1%2581%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0" title="Француска – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Француска" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franskondre" title="Franskondre – 苏里南汤加语" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="Franskondre" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="苏里南汤加语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sranantongo</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/IFulansi" title="IFulansi – 斯瓦蒂语" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="IFulansi" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="斯瓦蒂语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>SiSwati</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fora" title="Fora – 南索托语" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="Fora" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="南索托语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankriek" title="Frankriek – 沙特菲士蘭文" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Frankriek" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="沙特菲士蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prancis" title="Prancis – 巽他语" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Prancis" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="巽他语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankrike" title="Frankrike – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Frankrike" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ufaransa" title="Ufaransa – 斯瓦希里语" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Ufaransa" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="斯瓦希里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francyj%25C5%258F" title="Francyjŏ – 西里西亚语" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Francyjŏ" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="西里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/France" title="France – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="France" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25AE%25AA%25E0%25AE%25BF%25E0%25AE%25B0%25E0%25AE%25BE%25E0%25AE%25A9%25E0%25AF%258D%25E0%25AE%259A%25E0%25AF%2581" title="பிரான்சு – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பிரான்சு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/France" title="France – Tayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="France" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Tayal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tayal</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B0%25AB%25E0%25B1%258D%25E0%25B0%25B0%25E0%25B0%25BE%25E0%25B0%25A8%25E0%25B1%258D%25E0%25B0%25B8%25E0%25B1%258D" title="ఫ్రాన్స్ – 泰卢固语" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఫ్రాన్స్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="泰卢固语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fransa" title="Fransa – 德顿语" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Fransa" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="德顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tetun</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A4%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BD%25D1%2581%25D0%25B0" title="Фаронса – 塔吉克语" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Фаронса" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="塔吉克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B8%259B%25E0%25B8%25A3%25E0%25B8%25B0%25E0%25B9%2580%25E0%25B8%2597%25E0%25B8%25A8%25E0%25B8%259D%25E0%25B8%25A3%25E0%25B8%25B1%25E0%25B9%2588%25E0%25B8%2587%25E0%25B9%2580%25E0%25B8%25A8%25E0%25B8%25AA" title="ประเทศฝรั่งเศส – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ประเทศฝรั่งเศส" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ti mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ti.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%258D%2588%25E1%2588%25A8%25E1%258A%2595%25E1%2588%25B3" title="ፈረንሳ – 提格利尼亚语" lang="ti" hreflang="ti" data-title="ፈረንሳ" data-language-autonym="ትግርኛ" data-language-local-name="提格利尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ትግርኛ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fransi%25C3%25BDa" title="Fransiýa – 土库曼语" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Fransiýa" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="土库曼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pransiya" title="Pransiya – 他加禄语" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Pransiya" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="他加禄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fyr%25C9%2599ngyston" title="Fyrəngyston – 塔里什文" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Fyrəngyston" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="塔里什文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fora" title="Fora – 茨瓦纳语" lang="tn" hreflang="tn" data-title="Fora" data-language-autonym="Setswana" data-language-local-name="茨瓦纳语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Setswana</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falanis%25C4%2593" title="Falanisē – 汤加语" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="Falanisē" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="汤加语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lea faka-Tonga</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frens" title="Frens – 托克皮辛语" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Frens" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="托克皮辛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fransa" title="Fransa – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Fransa" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-trv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/France" title="France – 赛德克语" lang="trv" hreflang="trv" data-title="France" data-language-autonym="Seediq" data-language-local-name="赛德克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seediq</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Furhwa" title="Furhwa – 聪加语" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Furhwa" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="聪加语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A4%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D1%2586%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F" title="Франция – 鞑靼语" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Франция" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="鞑靼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/France" title="France – 通布卡语" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="France" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="通布卡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/France" title="France – 契维语" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="France" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="契维语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Twi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ty mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ty.wikipedia.org/wiki/Far%25C4%2581ni" title="Farāni – 塔希提语" lang="ty" hreflang="ty" data-title="Farāni" data-language-autonym="Reo tahiti" data-language-local-name="塔希提语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Reo tahiti</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A4%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D1%2586%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F" title="Франция – 图瓦语" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Франция" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="图瓦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A4%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D1%2586%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F" title="Франция – 乌德穆尔特语" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Франция" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="乌德穆尔特语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2581%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25D8%25B3%25D9%2589%25D9%258A%25DB%2595" title="فرانسىيە – 维吾尔语" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="فرانسىيە" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="维吾尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A4%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D1%2586%25D1%2596%25D1%258F" title="Франція – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Франція" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2581%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25D8%25B3" title="فرانس – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="فرانس" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fransiya" title="Fransiya – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Fransiya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fransa" title="Fransa – 威尼斯语" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Fransa" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="威尼斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francii" title="Francii – 维普森语" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Francii" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="维普森语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ph%25C3%25A1p" title="Pháp – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Pháp" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vrankryk" title="Vrankryk – 西佛蘭德文" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Vrankryk" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="西佛蘭德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frans%25C3%25A4n" title="Fransän – 沃拉普克语" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Fransän" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="沃拉普克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/France" title="France – 瓦隆语" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="France" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="瓦隆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fransya" title="Fransya – 瓦瑞语" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Fransya" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="瓦瑞语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faraas" title="Faraas – 沃洛夫语" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Faraas" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="沃洛夫语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E6%25B3%2595%25E5%259B%25BD" title="法国 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="法国" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259F%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D1%2586%25D1%2581%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BD_%25D0%259E%25D1%2580%25D0%25BD" title="Пранцсин Орн – 卡尔梅克语" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Пранцсин Орн" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="卡尔梅克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fransi" title="Fransi – 科萨语" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="Fransi" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="科萨语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2583%25A1%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%25A4%25E1%2583%25A0%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%259C%25E1%2583%2592%25E1%2583%2594%25E1%2583%2597%25E1%2583%2598" title="საფრანგეთი – 明格列爾文" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="საფრანგეთი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="明格列爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D7%25A4%25D7%25A8%25D7%2590%25D7%25A0%25D7%25A7%25D7%25A8%25D7%2599%25D7%2599%25D7%259A" title="פראנקרייך – 意第绪语" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="פראנקרייך" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="意第绪语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fr%25C3%25A1ns%25C3%25AC" title="Fránsì – 约鲁巴语" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Fránsì" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="约鲁巴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fazgoz" title="Fazgoz – 壮语" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Fazgoz" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="壮语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankriek" title="Frankriek – 西蘭文" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Frankriek" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="西蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E2%25B4%25BC%25E2%25B5%2595%25E2%25B4%25B0%25E2%25B5%258F%25E2%25B5%259A%25E2%25B4%25B0" title="ⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⴰ – 标准摩洛哥塔马塞特语" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⴰ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="标准摩洛哥塔马塞特语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E6%25B3%2595%25E5%259C%258B" title="法國 – 文言文" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="法國" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="文言文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoat-kok" title="Hoat-kok – 闽南语" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Hoat-kok" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="闽南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E6%25B3%2595%25E5%259C%258B" title="法國 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="法國" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IFulansi" title="IFulansi – 祖鲁语" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="IFulansi" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="祖鲁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"> <img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-zh.svg" alt="维基百科" width="105" height="22" style="width: 6.5625em; height: 1.375em;"> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod">本页面最后修订于2024年11月23日 (星期六) 10:57。</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">除非另有声明，本网站内容采用<a class="external" rel="nofollow" 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data-event-name="switch_to_desktop">桌面版</a></li> </ul> </div> </footer> </div> </div> <div class="mw-notification-area" data-mw="interface"></div><!-- v:8.3.1 --> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-59bbd5969d-49g89","wgBackendResponseTime":607,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"6.258","walltime":"7.468","ppvisitednodes":{"value":63029,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":2052058,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":328747,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":28,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":294,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":668897,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":25,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 5568.337 1 -total"," 26.68% 1485.487 1 Template:Reflist"," 18.23% 1015.114 22 Template:Navbox"," 18.12% 1009.202 3 Template:Infobox"," 17.78% 990.061 1 Template:Infobox_country"," 17.13% 953.989 1 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[\"CITEREFDavid_Solomon_Ganz,_Tzemach_David,_part_2,_Warsaw_1859\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDilorenzo2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDoughty2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDr_Linton\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDumoulin2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDuverger1978\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEmbassy_of_France\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEnerPub2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFalila_Gbadamassi\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFloriTucker2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFrench\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFrench_Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_and_International_Development\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGhodoussi\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHenri_SECKEL2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHill1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHills2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHinnantAdamson2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHuizenga2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFINSEE\"] = 3,\n [\"CITEREFINSEE2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIan_Traynor_and_David_Gow_in_Brussels2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJohn2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKanter2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKenneth_Roth_Executive_Director2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKimmelman2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLambert2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLanzetta_MPetruzzo_PDubernard_JMMargreiter2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLim2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMaison_de_la_France2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMarkham1988\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMichel_Rouche1987\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMimi_Spencer2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMuschamp1994\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOppenheimer2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPetah_Marian2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPeter_Allen2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPilkington2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFR.R._PalmerJoel_Colton1978\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRandall2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFReuters2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRichburg2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRobert_Marquand2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRobin_Cohen1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRoger2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSachs2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSaltmarsh2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSean_Loughlin_CNN_Washington_Bureau2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStevenson2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSwalec2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSyeed2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTarassukBlair1982\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTaylor_Martin1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThe_French_Ministry_of_Foreign_affairs\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWahlgren2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWilliam_Godwin1876\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWilliam_M._Lafferty2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWoolsey\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFaffairs\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREF杜比2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREF澎湃新闻2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREF黄河清2020\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"!\"] = 21,\n [\"-\"] = 1,\n [\"AND\"] = 1,\n [\"As of\"] = 5,\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"BEL\"] = 1,\n [\"Cfn\"] = 6,\n [\"Citation\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 17,\n [\"Cite encyclopedia\"] = 3,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 5,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 59,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 166,\n [\"Clear\"] = 1,\n [\"Commons+cat\"] = 1,\n [\"Convert\"] = 11,\n [\"Coord\"] = 1,\n [\"DEFAULTSORT:France\"] = 1,\n [\"Dead link\"] = 1,\n [\"ESP\"] = 1,\n [\"Efn\"] = 1,\n [\"En icon\"] = 1,\n [\"Europe\"] = 1,\n [\"FRA\"] = 1,\n [\"Fr icon\"] = 54,\n [\"G20\"] = 1,\n [\"G8\"] = 1,\n [\"GER\"] = 1,\n [\"Geographic Location\"] = 1,\n [\"IPA-fr\"] = 2,\n [\"ITA\"] = 1,\n [\"Image label begin\"] = 1,\n [\"Image label end\"] = 1,\n [\"Image label small\"] = 33,\n [\"Infobox country\"] = 1,\n [\"Kor\"] = 2,\n [\"LUX\"] = 1,\n [\"Lang\"] = 12,\n [\"Lang-fr\"] = 4,\n [\"Lang-ja\"] = 1,\n [\"Largest cities\"] = 1,\n [\"Le\"] = 117,\n [\"Legend\"] = 4,\n [\"Link-en\"] = 5,\n [\"Link-fr\"] = 3,\n [\"MON\"] = 1,\n [\"Main\"] = 4,\n [\"Main article\"] = 18,\n [\"Map caption\"] = 1,\n [\"Multiple image\"] = 1,\n [\"Native name\"] = 2,\n [\"Native phrase\"] = 1,\n [\"Navboxes\"] = 1,\n [\"Nobold\"] = 1,\n [\"NoteFoot\"] = 1,\n [\"NoteTA\"] = 1,\n [\"NoteTag\"] = 17,\n [\"Notelist\"] = 1,\n [\"Notetag\"] = 1,\n [\"Nowrap\"] = 1,\n [\"OECD\"] = 1,\n [\"Osmrelation-inline\"] = 1,\n [\"Redirect\"] = 1,\n [\"Redirect2\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Ro icon\"] = 1,\n [\"SUI\"] = 1,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 1,\n [\"Small\"] = 18,\n [\"Subscription required\"] = 1,\n [\"Tsl\"] = 1,\n [\"UK\"] = 1,\n [\"Unbulleted list\"] = 1,\n [\"Vie\"] = 2,\n [\"Wayback\"] = 88,\n [\"Webarchive\"] = 38,\n [\"Wikiatlas\"] = 1,\n [\"Wikiquote\"] = 1,\n [\"Wikisource further reading\"] = 1,\n [\"Wikivoyage\"] = 1,\n [\"世界貿易組織\"] = 1,\n [\"北大西洋公約組織\"] = 1,\n [\"参见\"] = 4,\n [\"另见\"] = 1,\n [\"地中海\"] = 1,\n [\"地中海聯盟\"] = 1,\n [\"拉丁語聯盟\"] = 1,\n [\"歐洲聯盟\"] = 1,\n [\"法国专题导航\"] = 1,\n [\"法語圈國際組織\"] = 1,\n [\"環印度洋區域合作聯盟\"] = 1,\n [\"聯合國安全理事會\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\n","limitreport-profile":[["?","640","18.5"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getExpandedArgument","600","17.3"],["recursiveClone \u003CmwInit.lua:45\u003E","380","11.0"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::find","260","7.5"],["dataWrapper 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