CINXE.COM

<!doctype html> <html class="client-nojs skin-theme-clientpref-day mf-expand-sections-clientpref-0 mf-font-size-clientpref-small mw-mf-amc-clientpref-0" lang="zh" dir="ltr"> <head> <base href="https://zh.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C"> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>法國政府 - 维基百科，自由的百科全书</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js skin-theme-clientpref-day mf-expand-sections-clientpref-0 mf-font-size-clientpref-small mw-mf-amc-clientpref-0";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )zhwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"zh","wgMonthNames":["","1月","2月","3月","4月","5月","6月","7月","8月","9月","10月","11月","12月"],"wgRequestId":"ab77a0ce-0fd6-442f-a174-5d22d016c98b","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"法國政府","wgTitle":"法國政府","wgCurRevisionId":83030995,"wgRevisionId":83030995,"wgArticleId":736980,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect": false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"zh","wgPageContentLanguage":"zh","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"法國政府","wgRelevantArticleId":736980,"wgUserVariant":"zh","wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgRedirectedFrom":"法国政府","wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"zh","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":["zh-hans","zh-hant","zh-cn","zh-tw","zh-hk","zh-sg","zh-mo","zh-my"]},"wgMFMode":"stable","wgMFAmc":false,"wgMFAmcOutreachActive":false,"wgMFAmcOutreachUserEligible":false,"wgMFLazyLoadImages":true,"wgMFEditNoticesFeatureConflict":false,"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgMFIsSupportedEditRequest":true, "wgMFScriptPath":"","wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":60000,"wgInternalRedirectTargetUrl":"/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C","wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgSectionTranslationMissingLanguages":[{"lang":"ace","autonym":"Acèh","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ady","autonym":"адыгабзэ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"alt","autonym":"алтай тил","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"am","autonym":"አማርኛ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ami","autonym":"Pangcah","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"an","autonym":"aragonés","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ang","autonym":"Ænglisc","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ann","autonym":"Obolo","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"anp","autonym":"अंगिका","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ary","autonym":"الدارجة","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"as","autonym":"অসমীয়া","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ast","autonym":"asturianu","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"av","autonym":"авар","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"avk","autonym":"Kotava","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"awa", "autonym":"अवधी","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ay","autonym":"Aymar aru","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"az","autonym":"azərbaycanca","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"azb","autonym":"تۆرکجه","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"ba","autonym":"башҡортса","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ban","autonym":"Basa Bali","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bar","autonym":"Boarisch","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bbc","autonym":"Batak Toba","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bcl","autonym":"Bikol Central","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bdr","autonym":"Bajau Sama","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"be","autonym":"беларуская","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bew","autonym":"Betawi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bg","autonym":"български","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bho","autonym":"भोजपुरी","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bi","autonym":"Bislama","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bjn","autonym":"Banjar","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"blk","autonym":"ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bm","autonym":"bamanankan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bo","autonym":"བོད་ཡིག","dir":"ltr"}, {"lang":"bpy","autonym":"বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"br","autonym":"brezhoneg","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bs","autonym":"bosanski","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"btm","autonym":"Batak Mandailing","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bug","autonym":"Basa Ugi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"cdo","autonym":"閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ce","autonym":"нохчийн","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ceb","autonym":"Cebuano","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ch","autonym":"Chamoru","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"chr","autonym":"ᏣᎳᎩ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ckb","autonym":"کوردی","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"co","autonym":"corsu","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"cr","autonym":"Nēhiyawēwin / ᓀᐦᐃᔭᐍᐏᐣ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"crh","autonym":"qırımtatarca","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"cs","autonym":"čeština","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"cu","autonym":"словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"cy","autonym":"Cymraeg","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"da","autonym" :"dansk","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"dag","autonym":"dagbanli","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"dga","autonym":"Dagaare","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"din","autonym":"Thuɔŋjäŋ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"diq","autonym":"Zazaki","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"dsb","autonym":"dolnoserbski","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"dtp","autonym":"Kadazandusun","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"dv","autonym":"ދިވެހިބަސް","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"dz","autonym":"ཇོང་ཁ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ee","autonym":"eʋegbe","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"eml","autonym":"emiliàn e rumagnòl","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"et","autonym":"eesti","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"fat","autonym":"mfantse","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ff","autonym":"Fulfulde","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"fj","autonym":"Na Vosa Vakaviti","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"fo","autonym":"føroyskt","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"fon","autonym":"fɔ̀ngbè","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"frp","autonym":"arpetan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"frr","autonym":"Nordfriisk","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"fur","autonym":"furlan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"fy","autonym": "Frysk","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gag","autonym":"Gagauz","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gan","autonym":"贛語","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gcr","autonym":"kriyòl gwiyannen","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gl","autonym":"galego","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"glk","autonym":"گیلکی","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"gn","autonym":"Avañe'ẽ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gom","autonym":"गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gor","autonym":"Bahasa Hulontalo","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gpe","autonym":"Ghanaian Pidgin","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gu","autonym":"ગુજરાતી","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"guc","autonym":"wayuunaiki","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gur","autonym":"farefare","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"guw","autonym":"gungbe","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gv","autonym":"Gaelg","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ha","autonym":"Hausa","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"hak","autonym":"客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"haw","autonym":"Hawaiʻi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"hif","autonym":"Fiji Hindi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"hr","autonym": "hrvatski","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"hsb","autonym":"hornjoserbsce","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ht","autonym":"Kreyòl ayisyen","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"hy","autonym":"հայերեն","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"hyw","autonym":"Արեւմտահայերէն","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ia","autonym":"interlingua","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"iba","autonym":"Jaku Iban","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ie","autonym":"Interlingue","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ig","autonym":"Igbo","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"igl","autonym":"Igala","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ilo","autonym":"Ilokano","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"is","autonym":"íslenska","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"iu","autonym":"ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"jam","autonym":"Patois","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"jv","autonym":"Jawa","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ka","autonym":"ქართული","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kaa","autonym":"Qaraqalpaqsha","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kab","autonym":"Taqbaylit","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kbd","autonym":"адыгэбзэ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kbp","autonym":"Kabɩyɛ","dir" :"ltr"},{"lang":"kcg","autonym":"Tyap","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kg","autonym":"Kongo","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kge","autonym":"Kumoring","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ki","autonym":"Gĩkũyũ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kk","autonym":"қазақша","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kl","autonym":"kalaallisut","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"km","autonym":"ភាសាខ្មែរ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kn","autonym":"ಕನ್ನಡ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"koi","autonym":"перем коми","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"krc","autonym":"къарачай-малкъар","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ks","autonym":"कॉशुर / کٲشُر","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"ku","autonym":"kurdî","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kus","autonym":"Kʋsaal","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kv","autonym":"коми","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kw","autonym":"kernowek","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ky","autonym":"кыргызча","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lad","autonym":"Ladino","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lb","autonym":"Lëtzebuergesch","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lez","autonym":"лезги","dir": "ltr"},{"lang":"lg","autonym":"Luganda","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"li","autonym":"Limburgs","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lij","autonym":"Ligure","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lld","autonym":"Ladin","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lmo","autonym":"lombard","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ln","autonym":"lingála","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lo","autonym":"ລາວ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ltg","autonym":"latgaļu","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lv","autonym":"latviešu","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mad","autonym":"Madhurâ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mai","autonym":"मैथिली","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"map-bms","autonym":"Basa Banyumasan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mdf","autonym":"мокшень","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mg","autonym":"Malagasy","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mhr","autonym":"олык марий","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mi","autonym":"Māori","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"min","autonym":"Minangkabau","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mk","autonym":"македонски","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ml","autonym":"മലയാളം","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mni","autonym": "ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mnw","autonym":"ဘာသာမန်","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mos","autonym":"moore","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mr","autonym":"मराठी","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mrj","autonym":"кырык мары","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mt","autonym":"Malti","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mwl","autonym":"Mirandés","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"my","autonym":"မြန်မာဘာသာ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"myv","autonym":"эрзянь","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mzn","autonym":"مازِرونی","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"nah","autonym":"Nāhuatl","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nan","autonym":"閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nap","autonym":"Napulitano","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nb","autonym":"norsk bokmål","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nds","autonym":"Plattdüütsch","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nds-nl","autonym":"Nedersaksies","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ne","autonym":"नेपाली","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"new","autonym":"नेपाल भाषा","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nia","autonym": "Li Niha","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nn","autonym":"norsk nynorsk","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nqo","autonym":"ߒߞߏ","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"nr","autonym":"isiNdebele seSewula","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nso","autonym":"Sesotho sa Leboa","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ny","autonym":"Chi-Chewa","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"om","autonym":"Oromoo","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"or","autonym":"ଓଡ଼ିଆ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"os","autonym":"ирон","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pa","autonym":"ਪੰਜਾਬੀ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pag","autonym":"Pangasinan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pam","autonym":"Kapampangan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pap","autonym":"Papiamentu","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pcd","autonym":"Picard","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pcm","autonym":"Naijá","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pdc","autonym":"Deitsch","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pms","autonym":"Piemontèis","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pnb","autonym":"پنجابی","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"ps","autonym":"پښتو","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"pt","autonym":"português","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pwn","autonym": "pinayuanan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"qu","autonym":"Runa Simi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"rm","autonym":"rumantsch","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"rn","autonym":"ikirundi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"rsk","autonym":"руски","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"rue","autonym":"русиньскый","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"rup","autonym":"armãneashti","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"rw","autonym":"Ikinyarwanda","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sa","autonym":"संस्कृतम्","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sah","autonym":"саха тыла","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sat","autonym":"ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sc","autonym":"sardu","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"scn","autonym":"sicilianu","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sco","autonym":"Scots","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sd","autonym":"سنڌي","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"se","autonym":"davvisámegiella","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sg","autonym":"Sängö","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sgs","autonym":"žemaitėška","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sh","autonym":"srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски","dir":"ltr"},{"lang": "shi","autonym":"Taclḥit","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"shn","autonym":"ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"si","autonym":"සිංහල","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sk","autonym":"slovenčina","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"skr","autonym":"سرائیکی","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"sl","autonym":"slovenščina","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sm","autonym":"Gagana Samoa","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"smn","autonym":"anarâškielâ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sn","autonym":"chiShona","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"so","autonym":"Soomaaliga","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sr","autonym":"српски / srpski","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"srn","autonym":"Sranantongo","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ss","autonym":"SiSwati","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"st","autonym":"Sesotho","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"stq","autonym":"Seeltersk","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"su","autonym":"Sunda","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sw","autonym":"Kiswahili","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"szl","autonym":"ślůnski","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ta","autonym":"தமிழ்","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tay","autonym":"Tayal", "dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tcy","autonym":"ತುಳು","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tdd","autonym":"ᥖᥭᥰ ᥖᥬᥲ ᥑᥨᥒᥰ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"te","autonym":"తెలుగు","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tet","autonym":"tetun","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tg","autonym":"тоҷикӣ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ti","autonym":"ትግርኛ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tk","autonym":"Türkmençe","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tl","autonym":"Tagalog","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tly","autonym":"tolışi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tn","autonym":"Setswana","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"to","autonym":"lea faka-Tonga","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tpi","autonym":"Tok Pisin","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"trv","autonym":"Seediq","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ts","autonym":"Xitsonga","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tt","autonym":"татарча / tatarça","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tum","autonym":"chiTumbuka","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tw","autonym":"Twi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ty","autonym":"reo tahiti","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tyv","autonym":"тыва дыл","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"udm" ,"autonym":"удмурт","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ur","autonym":"اردو","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"uz","autonym":"oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ve","autonym":"Tshivenda","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"vec","autonym":"vèneto","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"vep","autonym":"vepsän kel’","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"vls","autonym":"West-Vlams","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"vo","autonym":"Volapük","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"vro","autonym":"võro","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"wa","autonym":"walon","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"war","autonym":"Winaray","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"wo","autonym":"Wolof","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"wuu","autonym":"吴语","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"xal","autonym":"хальмг","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"xh","autonym":"isiXhosa","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"xmf","autonym":"მარგალური","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"yi","autonym":"ייִדיש","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"yo","autonym":"Yorùbá","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"yue","autonym":"粵語","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"za","autonym":"Vahcuengh","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"zgh", "autonym":"ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"zu","autonym":"isiZulu","dir":"ltr"}],"wgSectionTranslationTargetLanguages":["ace","ady","alt","am","ami","an","ang","ann","anp","ar","ary","arz","as","ast","av","avk","awa","ay","az","azb","ba","ban","bar","bbc","bcl","bdr","be","bew","bg","bho","bi","bjn","blk","bm","bn","bo","bpy","br","bs","btm","bug","ca","cdo","ce","ceb","ch","chr","ckb","co","cr","crh","cs","cu","cy","da","dag","de","dga","din","diq","dsb","dtp","dv","dz","ee","el","eml","eo","es","et","eu","fa","fat","ff","fi","fj","fo","fon","fr","frp","frr","fur","fy","gag","gan","gcr","gl","glk","gn","gom","gor","gpe","gu","guc","gur","guw","gv","ha","hak","haw","he","hi","hif","hr","hsb","ht","hu","hy","hyw","ia","iba","ie","ig","igl","ilo","io","is","it","iu","ja","jam","jv","ka","kaa","kab","kbd","kbp","kcg","kg","kge","ki","kk","kl","km","kn","ko","koi","krc","ks","ku","kus","kv","kw","ky","lad","lb","lez","lg","li","lij","lld","lmo","ln" ,"lo","lt","ltg","lv","mad","mai","map-bms","mdf","mg","mhr","mi","min","mk","ml","mn","mni","mnw","mos","mr","mrj","ms","mt","mwl","my","myv","mzn","nah","nan","nap","nb","nds","nds-nl","ne","new","nia","nl","nn","nqo","nr","nso","ny","oc","om","or","os","pa","pag","pam","pap","pcd","pcm","pdc","pl","pms","pnb","ps","pt","pwn","qu","rm","rn","ro","rsk","rue","rup","rw","sa","sah","sat","sc","scn","sco","sd","se","sg","sgs","sh","shi","shn","si","sk","skr","sl","sm","smn","sn","so","sq","sr","srn","ss","st","stq","su","sv","sw","szl","ta","tay","tcy","tdd","te","tet","tg","th","ti","tk","tl","tly","tn","to","tpi","tr","trv","ts","tt","tum","tw","ty","tyv","udm","ur","uz","ve","vec","vep","vi","vls","vo","vro","wa","war","wo","wuu","xal","xh","xmf","yi","yo","yue","za","zgh","zh","zu"],"isLanguageSearcherCXEntrypointEnabled":true,"mintEntrypointLanguages":["ace","ast","azb","bcl","bjn","bh","crh","ff","fon","ig","is","ki","ks","lmo","min","sat","ss","tn","vec"],"wgWikibaseItemId": "Q1450662","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false,"wgMinervaPermissions":{"watchable":true,"watch":false},"wgMinervaFeatures":{"beta":false,"donate":true,"mobileOptionsLink":true,"categories":false,"pageIssues":true,"talkAtTop":false,"historyInPageActions":false,"overflowSubmenu":false,"tabsOnSpecials":true,"personalMenu":false,"mainMenuExpanded":false,"echo":true,"nightMode":true},"wgMinervaDownloadNamespaces":[0]};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.minerva.styles":"ready","skins.minerva.content.styles.images":"ready","mediawiki.hlist":"ready", "skins.minerva.codex.styles":"ready","skins.minerva.icons":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","mobile.init.styles":"ready","ext.relatedArticles.styles":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["mediawiki.action.view.redirect","ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","skins.minerva.scripts","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.edit0","ext.gadget.WikiMiniAtlas","ext.gadget.UnihanTooltips","ext.gadget.Difflink","ext.gadget.pseudonamespace-UI","ext.gadget.SpecialWikitext","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.gadget.VariantAlly","ext.gadget.AdvancedSiteNotices","ext.gadget.hideConversionTab","ext.gadget.internalLinkHelper-altcolor","ext.gadget.noteTA","ext.gadget.NavFrame","ext.gadget.collapsibleTables","ext.gadget.scrollUpButton","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","ext.popups","mobile.init","ext.echo.centralauth", "ext.relatedArticles.readMore.bootstrap","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.entrypoints.mffrequentlanguages","ext.cx.entrypoints.languagesearcher.init","mw.externalguidance.init","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.quicksurveys.init","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=zh&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.relatedArticles.styles%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cmediawiki.hlist%7Cmobile.init.styles%7Cskins.minerva.codex.styles%7Cskins.minerva.content.styles.images%7Cskins.minerva.icons%2Cstyles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=minerva"> <script async src="/w/load.php?lang=zh&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=minerva"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=zh&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=minerva"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.5"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#eaecf0"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Gouvernement_fran%C3%A7ais.svg/1200px-Gouvernement_fran%C3%A7ais.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="627"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Gouvernement_fran%C3%A7ais.svg/800px-Gouvernement_fran%C3%A7ais.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="418"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Gouvernement_fran%C3%A7ais.svg/640px-Gouvernement_fran%C3%A7ais.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="334"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, user-scalable=yes, minimum-scale=0.25, maximum-scale=5.0"> <meta property="og:title" content="法國政府 - 维基百科，自由的百科全书"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="manifest" href="/w/api.php?action=webapp-manifest"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="编辑本页" href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (zh)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//zh.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-hans/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans-CN" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-cn/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans-MY" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-my/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans-SG" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-sg/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-hant/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant-HK" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-hk/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant-MO" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-mo/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant-TW" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.zh"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> <meta http-equiv="X-Translated-By" content="Google"> <meta http-equiv="X-Translated-To" content="en"> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.gstatic.com/_/translate_http/_/js/k=translate_http.tr.en_GB.omlEigW4xY8.O/am=DgY/d=1/rs=AN8SPfpjsL9kUWY0h-sp7Ilu7hZWGwEmeg/m=corsproxy" data-sourceurl="https://zh.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C"></script> <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Material+Symbols+Outlined:opsz,wght,FILL,GRAD@20..48,100..700,0..1,-50..200" rel="stylesheet"> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.gstatic.com/_/translate_http/_/js/k=translate_http.tr.en_GB.omlEigW4xY8.O/am=DgY/d=1/exm=corsproxy/ed=1/rs=AN8SPfpjsL9kUWY0h-sp7Ilu7hZWGwEmeg/m=phishing_protection" data-phishing-protection-enabled="false" data-forms-warning-enabled="true" data-source-url="https://zh.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C"></script> <meta name="robots" content="none"> </head> <body class="mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-法國政府 rootpage-法國政府 stable issues-group-B skin-minerva action-view skin--responsive mw-mf-amc-disabled mw-mf"> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.gstatic.com/_/translate_http/_/js/k=translate_http.tr.en_GB.omlEigW4xY8.O/am=DgY/d=1/exm=corsproxy,phishing_protection/ed=1/rs=AN8SPfpjsL9kUWY0h-sp7Ilu7hZWGwEmeg/m=navigationui" data-environment="prod" data-proxy-url="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog" data-proxy-full-url="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-source-url="https://zh.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" data-source-language="auto" data-target-language="en" data-display-language="en-GB" data-detected-source-language="zh-TW" data-is-source-untranslated="false" data-source-untranslated-url="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E6%25B3%2595%25E5%259B%25BD%25E6%2594%25BF%25E5%25BA%259C&anno=2" data-client="tr"></script> <div id="mw-mf-viewport"> <div id="mw-mf-page-center"><a class="mw-mf-page-center__mask" href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#"></a> <header class="header-container header-chrome"> <div class="minerva-header"> <nav class="navigation-drawer toggle-list view-border-box"><input type="checkbox" id="main-menu-input" class="toggle-list__checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" aria-labelledby="mw-mf-main-menu-button"> <label role="button" for="main-menu-input" id="mw-mf-main-menu-button" aria-hidden="true" data-event-name="ui.mainmenu" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet toggle-list__toggle"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--menu"></span> <span></span> </label> <div id="mw-mf-page-left" class="menu view-border-box"> <ul id="p-navigation" class="toggle-list__list"> <li class="toggle-list-item "><a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--home" href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-mw="interface"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--home"></span> <span class="toggle-list-item__label">首页</span> </a></li> <li class="toggle-list-item "><a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--random" href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:%E9%9A%8F%E6%9C%BA%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-mw="interface"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--die"></span> <span class="toggle-list-item__label">随机</span> </a></li> <li class="toggle-list-item skin-minerva-list-item-jsonly"><a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--nearby" href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:%E9%99%84%E8%BF%91?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-event-name="menu.nearby" data-mw="interface"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--mapPin"></span> <span class="toggle-list-item__label">附近</span> </a></li> </ul> <ul id="p-personal" class="toggle-list__list"> <li class="toggle-list-item "><a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--login" href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-event-name="menu.login" data-mw="interface"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--logIn"></span> <span class="toggle-list-item__label">登录</span> </a></li> </ul> <ul id="pt-preferences" class="toggle-list__list"> <li class="toggle-list-item skin-minerva-list-item-jsonly"><a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--settings" href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%A7%BB%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%88%E9%80%89%E9%A1%B9&returnto=%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-event-name="menu.settings" data-mw="interface"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--settings"></span> <span class="toggle-list-item__label">设置</span> </a></li> </ul> <ul id="p-donation" class="toggle-list__list"> <li class="toggle-list-item "><a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--donate" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source%3Ddonate%26wmf_medium%3Dsidebar%26wmf_campaign%3Dzh.wikipedia.org%26uselang%3Dzh%26wmf_key%3Dminerva" data-event-name="menu.donate" data-mw="interface"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--heart"></span> <span class="toggle-list-item__label">资助维基百科</span> </a></li> </ul> <ul class="hlist"> <li class="toggle-list-item "><a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--about" href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-mw="interface"> <span class="toggle-list-item__label">关于维基百科</span> </a></li> <li class="toggle-list-item "><a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--disclaimers" href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%85%8D%E8%B4%A3%E5%A3%B0%E6%98%8E?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-mw="interface"> <span class="toggle-list-item__label">免责声明</span> </a></li> </ul> </div><label class="main-menu-mask" for="main-menu-input"></label> </nav> <div class="branding-box"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> <span><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-zh.svg" alt="维基百科" width="105" height="22" style="width: 6.5625em; height: 1.375em;"> </span> </a> </div> <form action="/w/index.php" method="get" class="minerva-search-form"> <div class="search-box"><input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:搜索"> <input class="search skin-minerva-search-trigger" id="searchInput" type="search" name="search" placeholder="搜索维基百科" aria-label="搜索维基百科" autocapitalize="sentences" title="搜索维基百科[f]" accesskey="f"> <span class="search-box-icon-overlay"><span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--search"></span> </span> </div><button id="searchIcon" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet skin-minerva-search-trigger"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--search"></span> <span>搜索</span> </button> </form> <nav class="minerva-user-navigation" aria-label="用户导航"> </nav> </div> </header> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <div class="banner-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="pre-content heading-holder"> <div class="page-heading"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">法國政府</span></h1> <div class="tagline"> 依據法國第五共和國憲法所組成的政府體制 </div> </div> <nav class="page-actions-menu"> <ul id="p-views" class="page-actions-menu__list"> <li id="language-selector" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#p-lang" data-mw="interface" data-event-name="menu.languages" title="语言" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet language-selector"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--language"></span> <span>语言</span> </a></li> <li id="page-actions-watch" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" id="ca-watch" href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-event-name="menu.watch" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet menu__item--page-actions-watch"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--star"></span> <span>监视</span> </a></li> <li id="page-actions-edit" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" id="ca-edit" href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C&action=edit&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-event-name="menu.edit" data-mw="interface" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet edit-page menu__item--page-actions-edit"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>编辑</span> </a></li> </ul> </nav> <div id="mw-content-subtitle"> <span class="mw-redirectedfrom">（重定向自<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C&redirect=no&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="法国政府">法国政府</a>）</span> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"> <script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script> <div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"> <section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <div id="noteTA-4d5c5296" class="noteTA"> <div class="noteTA-local"> <div data-noteta-code="zh-hans:马克龙;zh-hk:馬克龍;zh-tw:馬克宏;"></div> </div> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83732082">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style> <p><b>法蘭西第五共和國政府</b>是由<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%98%AD%E8%A5%BF%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%94%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法蘭西第五共和國">第五共和國</a>的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E6%86%B2%E6%B3%95?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法國憲法">法國憲法</a>確定的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E5%88%B6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="半總統制">半總統制</a>政府。國家自稱为「不可分割的、世俗的、民主的和社會的共和國」<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。憲法規定政府<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%AC%8A%E5%8A%9B%E5%88%86%E7%AB%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="權力分立">分為立法、行政和司法三个分支</a>，并聲稱法國是「由<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E6%9D%83%E5%92%8C%E5%85%AC%E6%B0%91%E6%9D%83%E5%AE%A3%E8%A8%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="人权和公民权宣言">1789年宣言</a>明確的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E6%AC%8A?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="人權">人權</a>和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E4%B8%BB%E6%9D%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="国家主权">國家主權</a>原則的連接體」。</p> <table class="infobox"> <tbody> <tr> <th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 125%; background-color: #ededed"> <div style="display:inline" class="fn org"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法國"><img alt="法國" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/22px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/33px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/44px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></a></span></span> 法蘭西共和國政府 </div><br> <div style="display:inline" class="nickname"> <span lang="fr"><small>Gouvernement de la République française</small></span> </div></th> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Gouvernement_fran%C3%A7ais.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Gouvernement_fran%C3%A7ais.svg/200px-Gouvernement_fran%C3%A7ais.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="104" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Gouvernement_fran%25C3%25A7ais.svg/300px-Gouvernement_fran%25C3%25A7ais.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Gouvernement_fran%25C3%25A7ais.svg/400px-Gouvernement_fran%25C3%25A7ais.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="312" data-file-height="163"></a></span> <div class="infobox-caption"> 法國政府識別標誌 </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">政體</th> <td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%9F%E5%88%B6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="半总统制">半总统制</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">憲法</th> <td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E6%86%B2%E6%B3%95?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法國憲法">法國憲法</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">組成日期</th> <td class="infobox-data" style="">1958年10月4日<span class="noprint">，66年前</span><span style="display:none">（<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1958-10-04</span>）</span><br><small>（<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%98%AD%E8%A5%BF%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%94%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法蘭西第五共和國">第五共和</a>）</small></td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="vertical-align: middle; background-color:#EBEBEB;;"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E5%85%83%E9%A6%96?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="國家元首">國家元首</a></b></th> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%9F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法国总统">法国总统</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">現任</th> <td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E9%A9%AC%E7%BA%BD%E5%9F%83%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E9%BE%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="埃马纽埃尔·马克龙">埃马纽埃尔·马克龙</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="vertical-align: middle; background-color:#EBEBEB;;"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E6%B3%95%E6%A9%9F%E9%97%9C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="立法機關">立法機關</a></b></th> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%8B%E6%9C%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="法國國會">法國國會</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">類型</th> <td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%85%A9%E9%99%A2%E5%88%B6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="兩院制">兩院制</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">議事場所</th> <td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%A2%E6%A3%AE%E5%A0%A1%E5%AE%AB?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="卢森堡宫">卢森堡宫</a>（參議院）<br><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E6%97%81%E5%AE%AB?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="波旁宫">波旁宫</a>（國民議會）</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E8%AD%B0%E9%99%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="上議院">上議院</a></b></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">上議院名</th> <td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8F%82%E8%AE%AE%E9%99%A2_(%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="参议院 (法国)">參議院</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">上議院議長</th> <td class="infobox-data" style=""><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="熱拉爾·拉舍爾" data-lang-code="fr" data-lang-name="法语" data-foreign-title="Gérard Larcher"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E7%86%B1%E6%8B%89%E7%88%BE%C2%B7%E6%8B%89%E8%88%8D%E7%88%BE&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="熱拉爾·拉舍爾（页面不存在）">熱拉爾·拉舍爾</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">法语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%25C3%25A9rard_Larcher" class="extiw" title="fr:Gérard Larcher"><span lang="fr" dir="auto">Gérard Larcher</span></a></span>）</span></span></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%B8%8B%E8%AD%B0%E9%99%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="下議院">下議院</a></b></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">下議院名</th> <td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E6%B0%91%E8%AD%B0%E6%9C%83_(%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="國民議會 (法國)">國民議會</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">下議院議長</th> <td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%A8%85%E5%9F%83%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E6%9C%97-%E7%9A%AE%E9%9F%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="娅埃尔·布朗-皮韦">娅埃尔·布朗-皮韦</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="vertical-align: middle; background-color:#EBEBEB;;"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E6%A9%9F%E9%97%9C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="行政機關">行政機關</a></b></th> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%E9%A6%96%E8%85%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="政府首腦">政府首腦</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">職銜</th> <td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E6%80%BB%E7%90%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法国总理">法国总理</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">現任</th> <td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E5%B8%83%E9%87%8C%E5%9F%83%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E5%A1%94%E5%B0%94?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="加布里埃尔·阿塔尔">加布里埃尔·阿塔尔</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">任命</th> <td class="infobox-data" style="">總統</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%85%A7%E9%96%A3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="內閣">內閣</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">現届</th> <td class="infobox-data" style=""><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="阿塔爾內閣" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Attal government"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E5%A1%94%E7%88%BE%E5%85%A7%E9%96%A3&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="阿塔爾內閣（页面不存在）">阿塔爾內閣</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attal_government" class="extiw" title="en:Attal government"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Attal government</span></a></span>）</span></span></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">總部</th> <td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%8F%90%E5%B0%BC%E7%BF%81%E5%BA%9C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="马提尼翁府">马提尼翁府</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="vertical-align: middle; background-color:#EBEBEB;;"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8F%B8%E6%B3%95%E6%A9%9F%E9%97%9C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="司法機關">司法機關</a></b></th> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E6%9C%80%E9%AB%98%E6%B3%95%E9%99%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法国最高法院">法国最高法院</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">地址</th> <td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E9%BB%8E%E5%8F%B8%E6%B3%95%E5%AE%AE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="巴黎司法宮">巴黎司法宮</a></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>國會包括<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%8B%E6%B0%91%E8%AD%B0%E6%9C%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="法國國民議會">國民議會</a>和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%83%E8%AD%B0%E9%99%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="法國參議院">參議院</a>，它负责制定并通过法規，并可就預算案做表决批准。国会可通過对政府正式質詢，并成立調查委員會来控制行政機構的行為。法規的合憲性由<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%AA%E6%B3%95%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法国宪法委员会">憲法委員會</a>檢查，委員會成員由共和國總統、國民議會議長和參議院議長任命。</p> <p><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="法國總統">總統</a>和由他任命的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E7%B8%BD%E7%90%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="法國總理">總理</a>分享行政權。包括總理在内的整個內閣，可被<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%8B%E6%B0%91%E8%AD%B0%E6%9C%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="法國國民議會">國民議會</a>（國會下議院）通過「不信任案」罷免。</p> <p>獨立的司法基於從<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%8B%BF%E7%A0%B4%E5%B4%99%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="拿破崙法典">拿破崙法典</a>演變來的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E6%B3%95?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="民法">民法</a>系統。它被分為司法分支（處理<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%91%E4%BA%8B%E6%B3%95%E5%BE%8B&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="民事法律（页面不存在）">民事法律</a>和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%88%91%E4%BA%8B%E6%B3%95%E5%BE%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="刑事法律">刑事法律</a>）和行政分支（處理對行政決定的申訴），每個分支都擁有自己的獨立的最高上訴法院：針對司法法院的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%BF%BB%E6%A1%88%E6%B3%95%E9%99%A2_(%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="翻案法院 (法国)">翻案法院</a>和針對行政法院的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E5%8A%A1%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A_(%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="国务委员会 (法国)">國務委员会</a>。法國政府包括各種檢查權力濫用的機構和獨立機構。</p> <p>法國是<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%96%AE%E4%B8%80%E5%88%B6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="單一制">單一制</a>國家。然而，各種法定區劃——大區、省和市鎮——有各種不同的來源，並且國家政府被禁止干擾它們的正常立法活動。</p> <p>法國是<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E7%85%A4%E9%92%A2%E5%85%B1%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%93?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="欧洲煤钢共同体">歐洲煤鋼共同體</a>，後來的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E8%81%AF%E7%9B%9F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="歐洲聯盟">歐洲聯盟</a>的創建成員。因此，法國把它的部份主權移交給歐盟，如同由它的憲法所提供。法國政府因而必須遵守<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E8%81%AF%E7%9B%9F%E6%A2%9D%E7%B4%84?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="歐洲聯盟條約">歐洲的條約</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%8C%87%E4%BB%A4_(%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E8%81%AF%E7%9B%9F)&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="指令 (歐洲聯盟)（页面不存在）">指令</a>和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E8%A6%8F%E7%AB%A0_(%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E8%81%AF%E7%9B%9F)&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="規章 (歐洲聯盟)（页面不存在）">規章</a>。</p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"> <input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"> <div class="toctitle" lang="zh" dir="ltr"> <h2 id="mw-toc-heading">目录</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E6%86%B2%E6%B3%95"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">憲法</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E6%A9%9F%E9%97%9C"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">行政機關</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">總統</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext">政府</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E6%B3%95%E4%BB%A4%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7%E5%92%8C%E5%A7%94%E8%A8%97%E7%AB%8B%E6%B3%95"><span class="tocnumber">2.3</span> <span class="toctext">法令工具和委託立法</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-6"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E6%94%BF%E4%BB%A4%E5%92%8C%E5%85%B6%E5%AE%83%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E6%B1%BA%E5%AE%9A"><span class="tocnumber">2.3.1</span> <span class="toctext">政令和其它行政決定</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-7"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E6%B3%95%E4%BB%A4"><span class="tocnumber">2.3.2</span> <span class="toctext">法令</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%88%86%E6%94%AF%E7%9A%84%E5%85%A7%E9%83%A8%E9%99%90%E5%88%B6%EF%BC%9B%E7%9B%A3%E5%AF%9F%E5%92%8C%E5%B9%B3%E8%A1%A1"><span class="tocnumber">2.4</span> <span class="toctext">行政分支的內部限制；監察和平衡</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E4%B8%80%E4%BA%9B%E9%87%8D%E8%A6%81%E7%9A%84%E6%8C%87%E5%B0%8E%E6%A9%9F%E6%A7%8B%E5%92%8C%E6%A9%9F%E6%A7%8B"><span class="tocnumber">2.5</span> <span class="toctext">一些重要的指導機構和機構</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%E6%9C%8D%E5%8B%99%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94"><span class="tocnumber">2.6</span> <span class="toctext">政府服務組織</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E7%AB%8B%E6%B3%95%E6%A9%9F%E9%97%9C"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">立法機關</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E5%9C%8B%E6%B0%91%E8%AD%B0%E6%9C%83"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">國民議會</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E5%8F%83%E8%AD%B0%E9%99%A2"><span class="tocnumber">3.2</span> <span class="toctext">參議院</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E7%AB%8B%E6%B3%95%E6%8E%A1%E7%B4%8D%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F"><span class="tocnumber">3.3</span> <span class="toctext">立法採納程序</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E9%A0%90%E7%AE%97"><span class="tocnumber">3.4</span> <span class="toctext">預算</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-16"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E5%A4%9A%E7%A8%AE%E8%81%B7%E4%BD%8D"><span class="tocnumber">3.5</span> <span class="toctext">多種職位</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-17"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F%E5%92%8C%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E7%90%86%E4%BA%8B%E6%9C%83"><span class="tocnumber">3.6</span> <span class="toctext">經濟和社會理事會</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-18"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E5%8F%B8%E6%B3%95%E6%A9%9F%E9%97%9C"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">司法機關</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-19"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E5%8F%B8%E6%B3%95%E6%B3%95%E9%99%A2"><span class="tocnumber">4.1</span> <span class="toctext">司法法院</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-20"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E6%B3%95%E9%99%A2"><span class="tocnumber">4.2</span> <span class="toctext">行政法院</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-21"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E6%86%B2%E6%B3%95%E5%A7%94%E5%93%A1%E6%9C%83"><span class="tocnumber">4.3</span> <span class="toctext">憲法委員會</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-22"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E8%B2%A1%E6%94%BF%E6%B3%95%E9%99%A2"><span class="tocnumber">4.4</span> <span class="toctext">財政法院</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-23"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E4%BA%BA%E6%AC%8A%E4%BF%9D%E8%AD%B7%E5%AE%98%E7%BD%B2%EF%BC%88D%C3%A9fenseur_des_droits%EF%BC%89"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">人權保護官署（Défenseur des droits）</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-24"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E6%B3%95%E5%BE%8B"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">法國法律</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-25"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E5%9F%BA%E6%9C%AC%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87"><span class="tocnumber">6.1</span> <span class="toctext">基本原則</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-26"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E6%88%90%E6%96%87%E6%B3%95%E5%B0%8D%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E8%A6%8F%E7%AB%A0"><span class="tocnumber">6.2</span> <span class="toctext">成文法對行政規章</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-27"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E6%B3%95%E5%BE%8B%E4%BE%86%E6%BA%90%E7%9A%84%E6%AC%8A%E5%A8%81%E7%9A%84%E9%A0%86%E5%BA%8F"><span class="tocnumber">6.3</span> <span class="toctext">法律來源的權威的順序</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-28"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">地方政府</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-29"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E5%8F%82%E8%80%83%E6%96%87%E7%8C%AE"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">参考文献</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-30"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E6%B7%B1%E5%BA%A6%E9%96%B1%E8%AE%80"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">深度閱讀</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-31"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E5%A4%96%E9%83%A8%E9%80%A3%E7%B5%90"><span class="tocnumber">10</span> <span class="toctext">外部連結</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-32"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E4%B8%80%E8%88%AC%E9%8F%88%E6%8E%A5"><span class="tocnumber">10.1</span> <span class="toctext">一般鏈接</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-33"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E6%B3%95%E5%BE%8B%E5%8F%83%E8%80%83%E6%96%87%E6%9C%AC"><span class="tocnumber">10.2</span> <span class="toctext">法律參考文本</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-34"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E5%AE%98%E6%96%B9%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6"><span class="tocnumber">10.3</span> <span class="toctext">官方文件</span></a></li> </ul></li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="憲法"><span id=".E6.86.B2.E6.B3.95"></span>憲法</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C&action=edit&section=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="编辑章节：憲法" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>编辑</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r85099211">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-size:small}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:2em;margin-bottom:0.8em;margin-top:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img::after{content:"\202f \202f \202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small::after{content:"\202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small{display:none}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> 主条目：<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E6%86%B2%E6%B3%95?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法國憲法">法國憲法</a> </div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:French_government.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/French_government.svg/512px-French_government.svg.png" decoding="async" width="512" height="444" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="444"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 512px;height: 444px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/French_government.svg/512px-French_government.svg.png" data-width="512" data-height="444" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/French_government.svg/768px-French_government.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/French_government.svg/1024px-French_government.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> 法國國家政府的簡要版主要流程（為清晰表示，大多數司法體系被排除在外） </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Schema_pouvoirs_Ve_republique_France-vec-final_form-ok.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Schema_pouvoirs_Ve_republique_France-vec-final_form-ok.svg/512px-Schema_pouvoirs_Ve_republique_France-vec-final_form-ok.svg.png" decoding="async" width="512" height="386" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="996" data-file-height="750"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 512px;height: 386px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Schema_pouvoirs_Ve_republique_France-vec-final_form-ok.svg/512px-Schema_pouvoirs_Ve_republique_France-vec-final_form-ok.svg.png" data-width="512" data-height="386" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Schema_pouvoirs_Ve_republique_France-vec-final_form-ok.svg/768px-Schema_pouvoirs_Ve_republique_France-vec-final_form-ok.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Schema_pouvoirs_Ve_republique_France-vec-final_form-ok.svg/1024px-Schema_pouvoirs_Ve_republique_France-vec-final_form-ok.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> 法國國家政府的主要流程（完整版） </figcaption> </figure> <p>在1958年被<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%98%AD%E8%A5%BF%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%94%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法蘭西第五共和國">法蘭西第五共和國</a>憲法認可的廣泛的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E6%B0%91%E6%8A%95%E7%A5%A8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="公民投票">公民投票</a>大大強化了總統和行政機構關於國會的權威。</p> <p>憲法包含它自身的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%9D%83%E5%88%A9%E6%B3%95%E6%A1%88?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="权利法案">權利法案</a>，但它的前言提到法國應該遵循<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E6%9D%83%E5%92%8C%E5%85%AC%E6%B0%91%E6%9D%83%E5%AE%A3%E8%A8%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="人权和公民权宣言">人權和公民權宣言</a>的原則，像第四共和國憲法前言那樣好。這被評判意味著那些文本中被前置的原則有憲法價值，而且如果求助在<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%AA%E6%B3%95%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法国宪法委员会">憲法委員會</a>之前被提交，違反那些原則的立法應該被裁決違反憲法。<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>並且，憲法近來的修改在前言中加入有充分的憲法價值的環境憲章的參考。<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>在這些基本的原則中，一個人可以引用：所有公民在法律前的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E5%B9%B3%E7%AD%89?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="社會平等">平等</a>，和對像存在于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E5%A4%A7%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="法國大革命">法國大革命</a>之前的那種特殊階層特權的拋棄；<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%84%A1%E7%BD%AA%E6%8E%A8%E5%AE%9A%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="無罪推定原則">無罪推定原則</a>；<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%A8%80%E8%AB%96%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="言論自由">言論自由</a>；<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%84%8F%E8%A6%8B%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="意見自由（页面不存在）">意見自由</a>包括<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="宗教自由">宗教自由</a>；保障財產不被隨意奪取；政府代理人對公民的責任。</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="行政機關"><span id=".E8.A1.8C.E6.94.BF.E6.A9.9F.E9.97.9C"></span>行政機關</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C&action=edit&section=2&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="编辑章节：行政機關" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>编辑</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <p>法國有一個獨創的系統，其<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%88%86%E6%94%AF?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="行政分支">行政分支</a>由兩位官員——<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="法國總統">總統</a>和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E7%B8%BD%E7%90%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="法國總理">總理</a>領導。</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="總統"><span id=".E7.B8.BD.E7.B5.B1"></span>總統</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C&action=edit&section=3&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="编辑章节：總統" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>编辑</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>在1958年憲法原文中，總統由被選出的官員的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E9%81%B8%E8%88%89%E4%BA%BA%E5%9C%98?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="美國選舉人團">選舉人團</a>選舉。然而，在1962年，<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%A4%8F%E7%88%BE%C2%B7%E6%88%B4%E9%AB%98%E6%A8%82?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="夏爾·戴高樂">夏爾·戴高樂</a>通過一次公民投票獲得對憲法的一項修正，憑此總統將直接由公民選舉。<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>這被給予法國的決定性選舉系統，<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>意味著總統候選人需要在表决的第一或第二輪之一獲得全國大多數非空白選票，這據推測意味著總統被至少一半選舉人口有所支持；這給予他相當大的合法性。雖然他有些被限制的法律上的權力，總統由此享有重要的特殊地位和有效的權力。</p> <p>因而，總統是法國政治中的超然人物。他任命總理；<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>雖然他不可以從法律上解除他的職務，如果總理來自相同政治方，他實際上能讓他經要求辭職（並且為人所知的是總理被要求在被任命前簽署一封沒有日期的辭職信）。他任命部長、部長代表和秘書。當總統的政黨或支持者控制國會時，總統是行政行動的主導者，選擇他對於政府希望的任何人，并讓它跟從自己的政治日程（國會爭論發生，雖然，甚至在相同的政黨中）。</p> <p>然而，當總統的政治對手控制國會時，總統的控制力能受到嚴格限制，因為他必須選擇反映國會大多數的一位總理和內閣，而他將執行國會大多數的議事日程。當來自政治光譜的對立方政黨控制國會和總統職位時，權力分享的安排以<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%85%B1%E6%B2%BB?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="共治">共棲</a>為人所知。共棲過去在2002年前一次又一次發生，因為總統的任期是7年而國民議會的任期是5年。現在總統的任期既已縮短至5年，而選舉既已被僅僅幾個月所分隔，這就不太容易發生。</p> <p><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E6%9C%97%E7%B4%A2%E7%93%A6%C2%B7%E5%A5%A5%E6%9C%97%E5%BE%B7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="弗朗索瓦·奥朗德">弗朗索瓦·奧朗德</a>在2012年5月15日成為總統，接替<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E5%8F%A4%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E8%90%A8%E7%A7%91%E5%A5%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="尼古拉·萨科奇">尼古拉·薩科奇</a>。</p> <p><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E9%A9%AC%E7%BA%BD%E5%9F%83%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E9%BE%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="埃马纽埃尔·马克龙">埃馬紐埃爾·馬克龍</a>在2017年5月14日成為總統，接替<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E6%9C%97%E7%B4%A2%E7%93%A6%C2%B7%E5%A5%A5%E6%9C%97%E5%BE%B7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="弗朗索瓦·奥朗德">弗朗索瓦·奧朗德</a>。</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="政府"><span id=".E6.94.BF.E5.BA.9C"></span>政府</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C&action=edit&section=4&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="编辑章节：政府" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>编辑</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>政府由總理領導。<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>它有由它支配的公務員隊伍、政府機構和武裝力量。<sup id="cite_ref-cf-20_8-0" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-cf-20-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>（詞語「<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%85%A7%E9%96%A3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="內閣">內閣</a>」很少被用於描述政府，在翻譯中，就在法語中它被用於表示一位部長的由政治任命的助手組成的私人辦公室。在法語中，詞語gouvernement大體上涉及政府，但通常涉及部長群體。）</p> <p>政府對國會負責，<sup id="cite_ref-cf-20_8-1" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-cf-20-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>而國民議會可以通過不信任案，<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>迫使內閣辭職。這實際上迫使政府（<i>gouvernement</i>）阻止相同的政治派別成為國民議會多數。部長必須回答國會議員的問題，包括書面的和口頭的；這以提向政府的問題（<i>questions au gouvernement</i>）為人所知。<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>另外，當有關部長負責的領域的法律被討論時，部長出席國會大廈的會議。</p> <p>政府部門不能在沒有國會承認時通過法規，雖然<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E7%B8%BD%E7%90%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="法國總理">總理</a>可以頒佈自主的法規和附屬法規（<i>décrets d'application</i>），倘若他們不侵犯憲法詳細規定的國會的領域。然而部長能向國會提議立法；自國民議會來自與部長相同的政治派別起，那種法律大體上很可能通過。然而，這不是肯定的，並且，有時，大多數國會議員的意見可能與行政機構的意見明顯不一致，這經常導致大量修改。</p> <p>總理能在憲法第49條第3款下保證他的政府有關一部法律的責任。法律接著被考慮採用，除非國民議會表决不信任案，在此情況中法律被拒絕而且政府必須辭職。自2006年起，這一條最後一次被呼籲是為由總理<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E7%B1%B3%E5%B0%BC%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E5%BE%B7%E7%B6%AD%E7%88%BE%E6%BD%98?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="多米尼克·德維爾潘">多米尼克·德維爾潘</a>倡議的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E5%88%9D%E6%AC%A1%E9%9B%87%E5%82%AD%E5%90%88%E5%90%8C&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="初次雇傭合同（页面不存在）">初次雇傭合同</a>，<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>一次產生非常大的事與願違的後果的運動。<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>傳統上，政府包括3個級別的成員。部長是政府最高級的成員；副部長在部長職責的特殊領域協助部長；國務部長在不太重要的領域協助部長，并偶爾出席內閣會議。在<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%98%AD%E8%A5%BF%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%94%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法蘭西第五共和國">第五共和國</a>之前，一些有特殊政治重要性的部長被叫做「國務秘書」；這種做法在第五共和國以一種純粹表示敬意的方式繼續；被命名為國務秘書的部長在政府中被虛設有較高的重要性。</p> <p>部的數量和職責的拆分和它們之間的行政管理從一屆政府到另一屆政府不斷變化。部门如下：</p> <ul> <li>經濟、工業和就業部（稅務、預算）</li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E5%86%85%E6%94%BF%E9%83%A8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法国内政部">內政部</a>（法律執行、與地方政府的關係）</li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E5%8F%B8%E6%B3%95%E9%83%A8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法国司法部">司法部</a>（監獄、運行法院系統、訴訟事務的監管）</li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2%E9%83%A8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="法國教育部">國民教育部</a></li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E9%98%B2%E9%83%A8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法国国防部">國防部</a></li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E5%A4%96%E4%BA%A4%E9%83%A8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法國外交部">外交部</a></li> <li>運輸部</li> </ul> <p>政府在形成國會議事日程中有領導角色。它可以向國會提交法律議案，也在國會開會期間提交修改。它可以利用一些程序加速國會審議。</p> <p><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E5%85%A7%E9%96%A3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="法國內閣">內閣</a>在<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%84%9B%E9%BA%97%E8%88%8D%E5%AE%AE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="愛麗舍宮">愛麗舍宮</a>有由總統主持的每週會議（通常在星期三上午）。</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="法令工具和委託立法"><span id=".E6.B3.95.E4.BB.A4.E5.B7.A5.E5.85.B7.E5.92.8C.E5.A7.94.E8.A8.97.E7.AB.8B.E6.B3.95"></span>法令工具和委託立法</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C&action=edit&section=5&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="编辑章节：法令工具和委託立法" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>编辑</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>法國行政機構有有限的權力創立法規或立法。</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="政令和其它行政決定"><span id=".E6.94.BF.E4.BB.A4.E5.92.8C.E5.85.B6.E5.AE.83.E8.A1.8C.E6.94.BF.E6.B1.BA.E5.AE.9A"></span>政令和其它行政決定</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C&action=edit&section=6&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="编辑章节：政令和其它行政決定" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>编辑</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>只有總統和總理簽署<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E4%BB%A4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="政令">政令</a>（<i>décrets</i>），它與美國的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4_(%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="行政命令 (美国)">行政命令</a>類似。政令只能順著確定的程序并與對憲法和成文法的應有的尊重一起被採用。</p> <ul> <li>總統簽署政令任命和罷免職位被列入憲法或法規的最高級公務員和軍事人員。他也簽署政令創立一些法規（<i>décrets en conseil des ministres</i>）。所有這些政令必須由總理和相關的部長副署。</li> <li>總理簽署政令創立法規，由相關的部長副署。在一些領域，它們構成<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E5%9F%BA%E6%9C%AC%E6%B3%95%E5%BE%8B&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="基本法律（页面不存在）">基本法律</a>，在一些其它領域它們必須次於現有的法規。在一些情況下，法規靠<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E5%8A%A1%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A_(%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="国务委员会 (法国)">國務委員會</a>實行強制諮詢檢查（<i>décrets en Conseil d'État</i>），與簡易政令（<i>décrets simples</i>）不同。<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> </ul> <p>個別部長在他們的管轄領域里發佈部門政令（<i>arrêtés</i>），次於法規和政令。</p> <p>與有時被用於爭論的陳腐的說法不同，從第三共和國時期以來，與它的政令法（<i>décrets-lois</i>）一起，總統和總理不可以<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E9%9D%A0%E6%94%BF%E4%BB%A4%E7%B5%B1%E6%B2%BB&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="靠政令統治（页面不存在）">靠政令統治</a>（總統的緊急權力的有限的情況除外）。</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="法令"><span id=".E6.B3.95.E4.BB.A4"></span>法令</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C&action=edit&section=7&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="编辑章节：法令" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>编辑</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>行政機構不能在憲法置於立法職責下、由國會發佈的領域里發佈政令。但，國會可以通過資格獲得法授權行政機關在被精確界定的領域里發佈有立法價值的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E4%BB%A4_(%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E6%86%B2%E6%B3%95%E6%80%A7%E6%B3%95%E5%BE%8B)&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="法令 (法國憲法性法律)（页面不存在）">法令</a>（<i>ordonnances</i>）。<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>在法令被通過后，國會被請求批准，無論國會是否想批准法令。如果國會表决沒有批准，法令被撤銷。大多數時候，批准通過一個處理相關議題的國會法案被毫無疑問地或明確地做出，而不是由批准法案本身。<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>法令的使用通常為緊急事務，或為技術性的沒有爭議的文本（如在法國生效的各種不同法律中把所有用<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E6%B3%95%E9%83%8E?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="法國法郎">法國法郎</a>表示改造為用<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E5%85%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="歐元">歐元</a>表示的法令）保留。<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>也有做法使用法令把<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E6%8C%87%E4%BB%A4&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="歐洲指令（页面不存在）">歐洲指令</a>變換位置成法國法律，以此避免經常發生且被<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E7%9B%9F%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="欧盟委员会">歐盟委員會</a>批評的過遲變換指令的位置。法令也被用以把法律變成法典，以此為沒有大量修改的明晰而重新安排它們。它們有時也被用以推動有爭議的立法通過，比如當總理<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E7%B1%B3%E5%B0%BC%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E5%BE%B7%E7%B6%AD%E7%88%BE%E6%BD%98?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="多米尼克·德維爾潘">多米尼克·德維爾潘</a>在2005年創設了新的工作合同形式時<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。在這樣的背景中法令的使用在那時被反對方批評為反民主的和對國會的貶低。然而，必須被說明的是，自從<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%8B%E6%B0%91%E8%AD%B0%E6%9C%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="法國國民議會">國民議會</a>能通過不信任案罷免政府以來，政府一定依靠國會中的多數，這個多數或許將無論如何採用有爭議的法律。</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="行政分支的內部限制；監察和平衡"><span id=".E8.A1.8C.E6.94.BF.E5.88.86.E6.94.AF.E7.9A.84.E5.85.A7.E9.83.A8.E9.99.90.E5.88.B6.EF.BC.9B.E7.9B.A3.E5.AF.9F.E5.92.8C.E5.B9.B3.E8.A1.A1"></span>行政分支的內部限制；監察和平衡</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C&action=edit&section=8&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="编辑章节：行政分支的內部限制；監察和平衡" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>编辑</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>總規則是政府機構和公務員隊伍是在政府或內閣的安排下。然而，各種機構<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>是被從法律上排除出行政機構的權力的獨立機構（<i>autorités administratives indépendantes</i>）<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</p> <p>這些獨立機構有一些專門的監管權，一些行政權，和一些準司法權。它們也時常被政府和法國國會在按法律調整前協商徵求意見。它們能強制實行被命名為「行政制裁」的制裁。然而，它們的決定對司法法院和行政法院仍是有爭議的面貌。</p> <p>獨立機構的一些例子：</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E8%A5%BF%E9%93%B6%E8%A1%8C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法兰西银行">法蘭西銀行</a>，中央銀行，是獨立的。這是<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E9%8A%80%E8%A1%8C%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="歐洲中央銀行系統">歐洲中央銀行系統</a>整合的先決條件。</li> <li>電子通訊和郵政規章監管局，從前的名字是電信規章監管局，是對電信和郵政服務的開放市場的一個獨立行政機構。</li> <li>能源規章監管局是一個煤氣和電力的開放市場的獨立行政機構。</li> <li>金融市場監管局監管金融市場。</li> <li>視聽设备高級理事會監管無線電廣播和電視以及<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E5%85%B1%E5%BB%A3%E6%92%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="公共廣播">公共廣播</a>的發射頻率的發放和收回。</li> <li>國家競選活動帳戶和政治融資委員會監管政黨和政治競選活動的融資和開支。</li> </ul> <p>政府也為它自己的活動的看守者做準備；這些獨立行政機構由通常由高級律師或國會議員組成的委員會領導。國會兩院之一時常有它自己的委員會，但有時他們合作創建一個單獨的國家調解委員會（<i>Commission nationale mixte paritaire</i>）。舉例说：</p> <ul> <li>國家計算和自由委員會；公共服務機構必須在創建關於個人信息的檔案前請求它的核准，而且它們必須聽從它的建議；私立機構只須申報它們的檔案；公民在反弊端委員會前有追索權。</li> <li>國家安全偵聽控制委員會；有關國家安全形勢的有限數量的行政機構委員會的竊聽核准（在其它形勢中，竊聽可能只在司法－行政刑事調查中被核准）。</li> </ul> <p>另外，公共服務機構的責任限制行政機構所有的超越<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E5%85%AC%E5%8B%99%E5%93%A1%E9%9A%8A%E4%BC%8D&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="法國公務員隊伍（页面不存在）">法國公務員隊伍</a>的權力。舉例說，除最高職位（國家機構和行政部門的主任）外的任命僅須通常在競爭性的考試中按在職成績或時間被做出。某些公務員有阻止行政干涉的地位；舉例說，<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%AE%98?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法官">法官</a>和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%AA%A2%E5%AF%9F%E5%AE%98?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="檢察官">檢察官</a>可以只依據特定程序被指派或調動。公共研究員和大學教授享有<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%AD%A6%E6%9C%AF%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="学术自由">學術自由</a>；按法律，他們在平常的學術界約束中享有完全的言論自由。</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="一些重要的指導機構和機構"><span id=".E4.B8.80.E4.BA.9B.E9.87.8D.E8.A6.81.E7.9A.84.E6.8C.87.E5.B0.8E.E6.A9.9F.E6.A7.8B.E5.92.8C.E6.A9.9F.E6.A7.8B"></span>一些重要的指導機構和機構</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C&action=edit&section=9&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="编辑章节：一些重要的指導機構和機構" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>编辑</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>政府也規定監管關鍵性的市場和有限的資源，以及由法規創設的市場的專門機構。雖然，作為行政部門的一部份，它們次於部長，但它們時常以高度獨立性活動。</p> <ul> <li>競爭、消費和舞弊抑制總指導機構監管和控制在對所有經濟角色和私人消費者開放競爭的市場上可得到的產品和服務，并能在弊端情況中發送行政制裁。</li> <li>民用航空總指導機構監管國家航空交通并發出對航空公司和其它私營或公共組織及民眾的核准。</li> <li>國家就業局維持失業民眾的社會利益分配的公共註冊處（但現在一個單一的註冊處與獨立的工業和貿易就業協會，一個雇主聯合會和工會的共同協會共享支付給他們），協助他們成為與雇主尋求人的一樣好的人，并控制他們。法國國家指派它的董事長，國會提供它的經費和人事，但它在它的董事會只擁有三分之一的席位（其它席位由雇主聯合會和工會平等享有）。</li> <li>國家頻率局，一個與其它無線電頻率監管機構和國家監管機構（視聽设备高級理事會和電子通訊和郵政規章監管局）或公共部門一起監管和維護各頻段的無線電頻率資源，控制國境上的接線員，并為無線電電子設備製造商頒佈遵循標準的國家機構<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="政府服務組織"><span id=".E6.94.BF.E5.BA.9C.E6.9C.8D.E5.8B.99.E7.B5.84.E7.B9.94"></span>政府服務組織</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C&action=edit&section=10&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="编辑章节：政府服務組織" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>编辑</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>每個部有一個中央行政部門（<i>administration centrale</i>），通常被分為指導機構。這些指導部門通常被再分為司和次級指導機構。每個部門由被委員會委員長指派的主任領導。無論行政機構的執政政治派別是哪個，中央行政部門大體保持不變。</p> <p>另外，每個部長有一個被稱為內室的私人辦公室，由被政治決定而獲得提名的成員構成。它們相當重要，而且雇用一些非常勝任的職員以遵循行政和政治事務。它們是有力的，並且有時被認為並行的行政部門，尤其但不只在所有具有政治敏感性的事務中。每個內室由被稱為內室主任（<i>directeur de cabinet</i>）的職員首長領導。</p> <p>國家也有遍及法國疆域的分佈服務，常常反映在<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%8D%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-disambig" title="大區">大區</a>和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%9C%81_(%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="省 (法國)">省</a>的部門。地方長官，國家政府在每個大區或省的代表，在他的權限內監管分佈服務的行為。通常，在一個大區或省的某個行政部門的服務由一位時常但不總是被稱為主任的高水平的公務員管理；在每個省的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%AC%E5%85%B1%E9%87%91%E5%BA%AB&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="公共金庫（页面不存在）">公共金庫</a>（金庫）由被共和國總統任命的司庫－主計長領導。在最近幾十年里，省普遍議會在地方層級的管理政府服務中擔負新責任并扮演一個重要角色。</p> <p>政府也維持公共機構。這些機構有相對的行政和財政自主權，以完成已被明確的任務。它們附屬于一個或更多監管當局。它們被分為幾個類別：</p> <ul> <li>行政性公共機構，包括比如： <ul> <li>大學，和大多數高等教育公共機構；</li> <li>研究和技術性公共機構，如<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="國家科學研究中心（页面不存在）">國家科學研究中心</a>和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E8%A8%88%E7%AE%97%E6%A9%9F%E5%92%8C%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%89%80&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="國家計算機和控制科學研究所（页面不存在）">國家計算機和控制科學研究所</a>；</li> </ul></li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E5%85%AC%E7%AB%8B%E5%B7%A5%E5%95%86%E4%B8%9A%E6%9C%BA%E6%9E%84?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法国公立工商业机构">工業和商業性公共機構</a>，包括比如，<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E8%83%BD%E5%A7%94%E5%93%A1%E6%9C%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-disambig" title="原子能委員會">原子能委員會</a>和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E6%B5%B7%E6%B4%8B%E9%96%8B%E7%99%BC%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E9%99%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法國海洋開發研究院">法國海洋開發研究院</a>。</li> </ul> <p>一個根本區別是在行政部門和行政性公共機構中在公共法下運營，而工業和商業公共機構大多在私法下運營。一個結果是在過去，常務人員是公務員，而通常在近來，他們是合同雇員。</p> <p>另外，政府仍擁有和控制一些公司的所有股份或大部份股份，像<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E9%9B%BB%E5%8A%9B&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="法國電力（页面不存在）">法國電力</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E9%90%B5%E8%B7%AF?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="法國國家鐵路">法國國家鐵路</a>或<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%B5%B7%E7%8F%90?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="阿海珐">阿海珐</a>。</p> <p><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E4%BF%9D%E9%9A%9C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="社會保障">社會保障</a>組織，雖然按法規被設立并由國家控制和監管，但不由國家政府運營或直接控制。反而，它們由「社會合作者」（<i>partenaires sociaux</i>）——如<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E4%BC%81%E6%A5%AD%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="法國企業運動（页面不存在）">法國企業運動</a>那樣的雇主聯合會和工會——管理。它們的預算被區別于國家預算。</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="立法機關"><span id=".E7.AB.8B.E6.B3.95.E6.A9.9F.E9.97.9C"></span>立法機關</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C&action=edit&section=11&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="编辑章节：立法機關" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>编辑</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85099211"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> 主条目：<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%8B%E6%9C%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="法國國會">法國國會</a> </div> <p>組成<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E6%B3%95%E5%88%86%E6%94%AF?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="立法分支">立法分支</a>的法國國會由兩院組成：國民議會和參議院；國民議會是卓著的機構。</p> <p>國會每年有9個月的會期；在特別情況下總統能召集額外會期。雖然國會存在于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E8%A5%BF%E7%AC%AC%E5%9B%9B%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法兰西第四共和国">第四共和國</a>的權力已被削減，如果全體國民議會議員的絕大多數表决指責政府，國會仍能促使政府倒臺。自第五共和國在1958年建立以來這種情況從來沒有發生。</p> <p>內閣在決定國會的議事日程上有強大的影響。政府也能把它的任期與它提出的立法文本聯繫起來，而且除非不信任案被提出（在提議后的24小時內）并被通過（在提出后的48小時內——所以完整程序持續至多72小時），文本不用表决就被考慮採用。</p> <p>國會議員享有<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%8B%E6%9C%83%E8%B1%81%E5%85%8D%E6%AC%8A&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="國會豁免權（页面不存在）">國會豁免權</a>。<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>兩院都有編撰關於各種議題的報告的委員會。如果必要，他們能建立有廣泛調查權的國會調查委員會。</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="國民議會"><span id=".E5.9C.8B.E6.B0.91.E8.AD.B0.E6.9C.83"></span>國民議會</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C&action=edit&section=12&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="编辑章节：國民議會" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>编辑</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Paris_Assemblee_Nationale_DSC00074.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Paris_Assemblee_Nationale_DSC00074.jpg/220px-Paris_Assemblee_Nationale_DSC00074.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="101" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2168" data-file-height="996"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 101px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Paris_Assemblee_Nationale_DSC00074.jpg/220px-Paris_Assemblee_Nationale_DSC00074.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="101" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Paris_Assemblee_Nationale_DSC00074.jpg/330px-Paris_Assemblee_Nationale_DSC00074.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Paris_Assemblee_Nationale_DSC00074.jpg/440px-Paris_Assemblee_Nationale_DSC00074.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> 國民議會坐落於<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E7%B4%8D%E6%B2%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="塞納河">塞納河</a>畔的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E6%97%81%E5%AE%AB?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="波旁宫">波旁宮</a>。 </figcaption> </figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85099211"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> 主条目：<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%8B%E6%B0%91%E8%AD%B0%E6%9C%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="法國國民議會">法國國民議會</a> </div> <p>國民議會是首要的立法機關。它的577名議員被地方多數選票直接選舉，任期5年，而且所有席位在每次選舉中都被票選。</p> <p>國民議會可以靠表决不信任案迫使行政內閣辭職。因為這個原因，<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E7%B8%BD%E7%90%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="法國總理">總理</a>和他的內閣必需來自國民議會中的優勢政黨或聯盟。在總統和國民議會來自相反對的政黨的情形中，這導致以<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%B1%E6%A3%B2_(%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C)&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="共棲 (政府)（页面不存在）">共棲</a>而為人所知的情勢。當不信任案被對立方政黨以它認為非常失當的政府行為定期提出時，它們純粹是口頭上的；政黨紀律確保在一屆國會任期內，政府始終不會被國民議會推翻。</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="參議院"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E8.AD.B0.E9.99.A2"></span>參議院</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C&action=edit&section=13&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="编辑章节：參議院" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>编辑</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:French_Senate_amphitheater_050917_162927.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/French_Senate_amphitheater_050917_162927.jpg/220px-French_Senate_amphitheater_050917_162927.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/French_Senate_amphitheater_050917_162927.jpg/220px-French_Senate_amphitheater_050917_162927.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/French_Senate_amphitheater_050917_162927.jpg/330px-French_Senate_amphitheater_050917_162927.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/French_Senate_amphitheater_050917_162927.jpg/440px-French_Senate_amphitheater_050917_162927.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> 參議院的圓形階梯議事堂 </figcaption> </figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85099211"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> 主条目：<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%83%E8%AD%B0%E9%99%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="法國參議院">法國參議院</a> </div> <p>參議員由大約145,000名被選舉的地方官員組成的選舉人團選擇，任期6年，並且參議院的一半議員每3年重新被選舉。在2004年7月30日法之前，參議員的任期是9年，三分之一每3年重新被選舉。目前有321名參議員，但在2010年將有346名；304名代表本土居民和海外省，5名代表其它屬地，12名代表被確定的海外法國人。</p> <p>參議院的立法權被限制；在大多數立法事務上，國民議會在兩院之間的爭執事件中有最後話語權。</p> <p>自<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%98%AD%E8%A5%BF%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%94%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法蘭西第五共和國">第五共和國</a>開始以來，參議院一直有右翼多數。這大多是由於小村莊相比大城市的超代表性。這，與選舉的間接模式，致使在那時的社會黨人<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%88%A9%E6%98%82%E5%85%A7%E7%88%BE%C2%B7%E8%8B%A5%E6%96%AF%E6%BD%98?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="利昂內爾·若斯潘">利昂內爾·若斯潘</a>聲言參議院是一個「怪異之物」。<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="立法採納程序"><span id=".E7.AB.8B.E6.B3.95.E6.8E.A1.E7.B4.8D.E7.A8.8B.E5.BA.8F"></span>立法採納程序</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C&action=edit&section=14&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="编辑章节：立法採納程序" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>编辑</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>立法可以由政府（部長委員會）或國會議員提出。在第一種情況中，它是法律計畫（<i>projet de loi</i>）；在第二種情況中，它是法律議案（<i>proposition de loi</i>）。</p> <p>所有的法律計畫在被提交給國會前應當經受<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E5%8A%A1%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A_(%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="国务委员会 (法国)">國務委員會</a>的必須的諮詢检查。<sup id="cite_ref-#1_23-0" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-#1-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>自2009年起，被提交給國會的議案也應當伴隨法律的可能的影響的研究：其它可能的選擇，與<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E6%B3%95%E5%BE%8B&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="歐洲法律（页面不存在）">歐洲法律</a>的相互影響，經濟的、社會的、金融的和環境的結果。<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>法律議案不能在沒有資金提供的情況下增加國家財政負擔。<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>法律計畫開始於政府選擇的議院中（除在個別情況外<sup id="cite_ref-#1_23-1" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-#1-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>），法律議案開始於它們被發起的議院中。在議院修改并表决文本后，它被送至另一也能修改它的議院。如果議院不選擇在同一任期內通過文本，它被送至一個由兩院相等數量議員組成的委員會前，委員會嘗試協調文本。如果它不管理這麼做，國民議會能表决文本并有關於它的最終發言權（除了與參議院的組織有關聯的法律）。<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>法律接著被送給<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="法國總統">法國總統</a>簽署。<sup id="cite_ref-#2_27-0" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-#2-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>在這點，法國總統、兩院之一的議長或一個60名國民議會議員或60名參議員的議員團能要求文本在被實施前經受合憲性檢查；<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>它被接著送至<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%AE%AA%E6%B3%95%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A_(%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="宪法委员会 (法国)">憲法委員會</a>前。總統也能，每部法律只有一次并有總理的副署，把法律送給國會再次檢查。<sup id="cite_ref-#2_27-1" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-#2-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>否則，總統必須簽署法律。在由總理和相關的部長副署前，<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>它被送給<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E8%A5%BF%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%98%E6%96%B9%E5%85%AC%E6%8A%A5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法兰西共和国官方公报">官方公报</a>發佈。<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="預算"><span id=".E9.A0.90.E7.AE.97"></span>預算</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C&action=edit&section=15&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="编辑章节：預算" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>编辑</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>財政法（<i>lois de finances</i>）和社會保障融資法（<i>lois de financement de la sécurité sociale</i>）是由國會通過特定程序表决和認可的專門法律。</p> <p>因為允許政府和社會保障組織繼續支付它們的供應商、雇員和接受者，沒有被國會的不一致停止的風險的重要性，這些法案被特意約束。在過去，國會議員時常把無關的修改加入財政法案，以讓這樣的修改被通過——因為預算案被審查的被減少的時間。然而，這些如今被認為違反憲法。如果國會不能在一些被指定的合理範圍內同意預算案，政府有權通過<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E4%BB%A4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法令">法令</a>通過預算案：這種威脅避免國會議員威脅使行政機構破產。</p> <p>財政法案被組織的途徑，和政府應當執行預算的途徑，在2001年被與財政法相關的2001年8月1日的2001－692號組織法（通常以財政法組織法為人所知）深刻地改造。因為有關的重大改變，法律議案是逐漸的，而在財政法組織法下被完全通過的第一個預算案是2006年預算案，在2005年晚些時候被通過。</p> <p>財政法組織法根據可識別的「任務」區分開支（任務能被再分為次級任務，等等）。行政部門和公共機構的表現將被與對這些任務的考慮一起評價。</p> <p>國家政府的預算在2005年被預計為2,888億歐元。這不包括社會保障和地方政府的預算。</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="多種職位"><span id=".E5.A4.9A.E7.A8.AE.E8.81.B7.E4.BD.8D"></span>多種職位</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C&action=edit&section=16&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="编辑章节：多種職位" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>编辑</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>國會議員擔任除國民議會議員和參議員職位之外的地方官位，如市長，此後加以像「國民議會議員和市長」（député-maire）和「參議員和市長」（sénateur-maire）的頭銜，這是長久的習慣。這以選舉官位的兼任（<i>cumul</i>）為人所知。兼職的支持者宣稱有地方職責確保國會議員保持與他們的選區的實際的聯繫；並且，他們被表明靠在國會有席位能更好地維護他們的城市等的利益。</p> <p>在近些年，兼任日益受到批評。批評者聲稱有一些地方職位的立法者不能對兩份工作都勤奮；比如，他們可能忽略他們出席國會會議和委員會的責任以參加在他們的選區的工作。雙重官位的擔任者能在國會維護他們的城市等的利益的前提被批評，批評者認為國家立法者應該有他們頭腦中的國家利益，而不是他們來自的個別城市的計畫促進。最終，這個批評是對如同一個愜意的、封閉的世界——在這個世界中相同的人們從各種職位長久地向上爬——的政治等級更廣泛的批評的一部份。</p> <p>結果，約束有多種職位的可能性的法律被頒佈。</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="經濟和社會理事會"><span id=".E7.B6.93.E6.BF.9F.E5.92.8C.E7.A4.BE.E6.9C.83.E7.90.86.E4.BA.8B.E6.9C.83"></span>經濟和社會理事會</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C&action=edit&section=17&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="编辑章节：經濟和社會理事會" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>编辑</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>經濟和社會理事會是一個諮詢性的議會。它不在法規的採納中扮演角色，但在社會和經濟政策的問題上為立法機構提建議。</p> <p>行政機構可以向經濟和社會理事會諮詢有社會和經濟重要性的任何問題或議案。</p> <p>經濟和社會理事會發佈被送給<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E7%B8%BD%E7%90%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="法國總理">總理</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%8B%E6%B0%91%E8%AD%B0%E6%9C%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="法國國民議會">國民議會</a>和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%83%E8%AD%B0%E9%99%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="法國參議院">參議院</a>的報告。它們被發佈在<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E8%A5%BF%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%98%E6%96%B9%E5%85%AC%E6%8A%A5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法兰西共和国官方公报">官方公报</a>中。</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="司法機關"><span id=".E5.8F.B8.E6.B3.95.E6.A9.9F.E9.97.9C"></span>司法機關</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C&action=edit&section=18&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="编辑章节：司法機關" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>编辑</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <p>法國法律規定一個有獨立的司法體系的分離的司法分支，它不向政府的另外兩個分支承認責任，也不由政府的另外兩個分支直接控制。法國有一個<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E6%B3%95?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="民法">民法</a>法律系統，它的基礎是法典化的法律；然而，判例法在法庭的決定中扮演重要的角色。法國司法系統的最獨特的特徵是它被分為司法和行政組。</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="司法法院"><span id=".E5.8F.B8.E6.B3.95.E6.B3.95.E9.99.A2"></span>司法法院</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C&action=edit&section=19&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="编辑章节：司法法院" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>编辑</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>法院的司法組裁判民事和刑事案件。司法法院組由低級法院、中級上訴法院和法國<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%BF%BB%E6%A1%88%E6%B3%95%E9%99%A2_(%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="翻案法院 (法国)">最高法院</a>。</p> <p>法官是政府雇員，但被授予特別的法定保護，免受行政機構的干擾。法官有職位保障，并可以在沒有他們的統一的情況下不被提拔（或降級）。他們的事業由法國司法理事會監督。</p> <p>公訴人，在另一方面，執行司法部的指令。在過去，這引起過度政治壓力而駁回訴訟或針對被指控腐敗的政府官員的索賠的嫌疑，而公訴人的地位和他們與政府的關係經常是辯論的議題。</p> <p>靠<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%99%AA%E5%AF%A9%E5%9C%98?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="陪審團">陪審團</a>審理的訴訟只可用於是<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%A1%E8%BF%B4%E6%B3%95%E9%99%A2_(%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B)&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="巡迴法院 (法國)（页面不存在）">巡迴法院</a>的裁判權的嚴重刑事案件。一個完全的法庭由一個3名法官小組和一個9名陪審員（相比於對上訴案件的12名陪審員）的小陪審團組成，他們一起呈送判決書，並且如果一項定罪被正式宣判，他們也決定判刑。陪審員從合格選民中被隨機選出。</p> <p>在大多數其它法庭，法官是專業的，除了由一名專業法官和兩名非專業法官組成的未成年刑事法庭。並且，有初始裁判權的幾個專門法庭由被選入辦公室的法官開庭。比如，勞工法庭由來自雇主聯合會和雇員工會的相等數量的地方法官任職。相同的情況適用於地產法庭。</p> <p>訴訟前程序本質上是<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E8%A8%8A%E5%95%8F%E5%88%B6&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="訊問制（页面不存在）">訊問制</a>的，但公開的訴訟程序是<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%B0%8D%E6%8A%97%E5%88%B6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="對抗制">對抗制</a>的。在刑事訴訟程序中的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%88%89%E8%AD%89%E8%B2%AC%E4%BB%BB?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="舉證責任">舉證責任</a>擔負者是<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%91%8A?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="原告">原告</a>，而被告從一開始被假定無罪直到被證明有罪。</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="行政法院"><span id=".E8.A1.8C.E6.94.BF.E6.B3.95.E9.99.A2"></span>行政法院</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C&action=edit&section=20&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="编辑章节：行政法院" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>编辑</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:DSC00652_conseil_etat.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/DSC00652_conseil_etat.jpg/250px-DSC00652_conseil_etat.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="128" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2588" data-file-height="1324"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 250px;height: 128px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/DSC00652_conseil_etat.jpg/250px-DSC00652_conseil_etat.jpg" data-width="250" data-height="128" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/DSC00652_conseil_etat.jpg/375px-DSC00652_conseil_etat.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/DSC00652_conseil_etat.jpg/500px-DSC00652_conseil_etat.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> 國務委員會坐落於王宮。 </figcaption> </figure> <p>行政法律法院裁判針對政府官員和機構的索賠和訴訟。行政組由行政法院、行政上訴法院和作為最後訴諸對象法院的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E5%8A%A1%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A_(%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="国务委员会 (法国)">國務委員會</a>。</p> <p>國務委員會聽取針對行政分支決定的案件，并有權撤銷或擱置行政機構發佈的違犯憲法性法律、已被通過的法律和法典化法律的法令工具，如命令和規章。</p> <p>法院訴訟程序大多包括書面聆訊，並且是<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E8%A8%8A%E5%95%8F%E5%88%B6&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="訊問制（页面不存在）">訊問制</a>的，法官讓當事人呈送書面證詞或辯詞。</p> <p>在司法組和裁判組之間的任何裁判權糾紛由一個被叫作糾紛法庭（<i>Tribunal des conflits</i>）或「裁判權糾紛法庭」，由相等數量的最高法院法官和國務委員組成的特別法庭調解。</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="憲法委員會"><span id=".E6.86.B2.E6.B3.95.E5.A7.94.E5.93.A1.E6.9C.83"></span>憲法委員會</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C&action=edit&section=21&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="编辑章节：憲法委員會" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>编辑</span> </a> </span> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85099211"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> 主条目：<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%AA%E6%B3%95%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法国宪法委员会">法國憲法委員會</a> </div> <p>司法法院和行政法院都不被授權裁定國會法案的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%90%88%E6%86%B2%E6%80%A7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="合憲性">合憲性</a>。儘管在技術上不是司法分支的一部份，憲法委員會在法律通過前審查法律，并決定它是否違犯<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%86%B2%E6%B3%95?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="憲法">憲法</a>和法國的國際<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%A2%9D%E7%B4%84?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="條約">條約</a>。這適用於所有形式的組織法，但只靠<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="法國總統">法國總統</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%83%E8%AD%B0%E9%99%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="法國參議院">參議院</a>議長、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%8B%E6%B0%91%E8%AD%B0%E6%9C%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="法國國民議會">國民議會</a>議長、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E7%B8%BD%E7%90%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="法國總理">總理</a>或任何60名參議員或任何60名國民議會議員轉交其它類型的法律。憲法委員會可以宣佈法案是違憲的，甚至它們抵觸1789年<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E6%9D%83%E5%92%8C%E5%85%AC%E6%B0%91%E6%9D%83%E5%AE%A3%E8%A8%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="人权和公民权宣言">人權和公民權宣言</a>（在憲法前言中被引用）的原則或<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E4%BA%BA%E6%AC%8A%E5%85%AC%E7%B4%84?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="歐洲人權公約">歐洲人權公約</a>（由<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%A2%9D%E7%B4%84?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="條約">條約</a>承認）。</p> <p>憲法委員會委員任期九年，每三年改三名；三名由總統任命，三名由國民議會議長任命，三名由參議院議長任命。</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="財政法院"><span id=".E8.B2.A1.E6.94.BF.E6.B3.95.E9.99.A2"></span>財政法院</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C&action=edit&section=22&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="编辑章节：財政法院" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>编辑</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>法國的主要<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%AE%A1%E8%AE%A1%E6%B3%95%E9%99%A2_(%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="审计法院 (法国)">審計法院</a>（<i>Cour des Comptes</i>）和大區審計法院審計政府財政、公共機構（包括其它法院）和公共實體。法院發佈一份年度報告，并能把刑事問題提交公訴人。它也能直接以不當處理資金處罰公共會計員，并把濫用資金的公務員提交財政和預算處罰法院。</p> <p>主要的和大區的審計法院不裁判私營組織的會計員。然而在一些情況中，它們也審計他們的賬務，特別在一個組織被授予一份公共事業政府的合約或請求公共領地長期使用的服務或如果一個組織是一份政府合約的投標者。法院時常被各個國務機構、國會委員會和公共監管機構徵求意見，但它也能由任何法國公民和在法國運營的組織請求行事。</p> <p>法院的財政由法國國會兩院的財政委員會監督，法國國會也在年度財政議案中設定法院的工作預算。</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="人權保護官署（Défenseur_des_droits）"><span id=".E4.BA.BA.E6.AC.8A.E4.BF.9D.E8.AD.B7.E5.AE.98.E7.BD.B2.EF.BC.88D.C3.A9fenseur_des_droits.EF.BC.89"></span>人權保護官署（Défenseur des droits）</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C&action=edit&section=23&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="编辑章节：人權保護官署（Défenseur des droits）" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>编辑</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <p>在1973年共和國<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E7%9B%A3%E5%AF%9F%E4%BD%BF&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="共和監察使（页面不存在）">共和監察使</a>（<i>médiateur de la République</i>）一職被創設。共和監察使承擔解決不需要在法院前的追索的情況下在公民和行政部門及其它承擔公共服務任務的公共實體之間的異議；向政府提出改革以促進這些目標；積極參與<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E6%AC%8A?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="人權">人權</a>的國際促進，<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www-ws.cy.gov.tw/Download.ashx?u%3DLzAwMS9VcGxvYWQvQ3lPbGRGaWxlL3B1YmxpYy9kYXRhLzgxMzExNjM2NTQ3MS5wZGY%253D%26n%3D5rOV5ZyL5Lq65qyK5L%252Bd6K235a6Y572yLnBkZg%253D%253D%26icon%3D..pdf">自2011年起，人權保護官署（Défenseur des droits）取代共和監察使（médiateur de la République），結合「兒童權利保護官公署」(Défenseur des enfants)、「反歧視及促進平等高級公署」以及「國家安全倫理委員會」等共計四個機關的功能。</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20201212040240/https://www-ws.cy.gov.tw/Download.ashx?u%3DLzAwMS9VcGxvYWQvQ3lPbGRGaWxlL3B1YmxpYy9kYXRhLzgxMzExNjM2NTQ3MS5wZGY%253D%26n%3D5rOV5ZyL5Lq65qyK5L%252Bd6K235a6Y572yLnBkZg%253D%253D%26icon%3D..pdf">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</p> <p>公共專員任期6年，由共和國總統任命。他不能被解除職務，并且他的公務行為被與<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%8B%E6%9C%83%E8%B1%81%E5%85%8D%E6%AC%8A&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="國會豁免權（页面不存在）">國會豁免權</a>相似的豁免權保護。他不接受任何權力機構的命令。現任的人權保護者是<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.defenseurdesdroits.fr/fr/claire-hedon-defenseure-des-droits">Claire Hédon</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417075224/https://www.defenseurdesdroits.fr/fr/claire-hedon-defenseure-des-droits">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）。</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="法國法律"><span id=".E6.B3.95.E5.9C.8B.E6.B3.95.E5.BE.8B"></span>法國法律</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C&action=edit&section=24&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="编辑章节：法國法律" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>编辑</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="基本原則"><span id=".E5.9F.BA.E6.9C.AC.E5.8E.9F.E5.89.87"></span>基本原則</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C&action=edit&section=25&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="编辑章节：基本原則" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>编辑</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Declaration_of_the_Rights_of_Man_and_of_the_Citizen_in_1789.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Declaration_of_the_Rights_of_Man_and_of_the_Citizen_in_1789.jpg/200px-Declaration_of_the_Rights_of_Man_and_of_the_Citizen_in_1789.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="254" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3657" data-file-height="4636"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 254px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Declaration_of_the_Rights_of_Man_and_of_the_Citizen_in_1789.jpg/200px-Declaration_of_the_Rights_of_Man_and_of_the_Citizen_in_1789.jpg" data-width="200" data-height="254" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Declaration_of_the_Rights_of_Man_and_of_the_Citizen_in_1789.jpg/300px-Declaration_of_the_Rights_of_Man_and_of_the_Citizen_in_1789.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Declaration_of_the_Rights_of_Man_and_of_the_Citizen_in_1789.jpg/400px-Declaration_of_the_Rights_of_Man_and_of_the_Citizen_in_1789.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> 法蘭西共和國必須遵守的基本原則在1789年<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E6%9D%83%E5%92%8C%E5%85%AC%E6%B0%91%E6%9D%83%E5%AE%A3%E8%A8%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="人权和公民权宣言">人權和公民權宣言</a>中被創立。 </figcaption> </figure> <p>法國採用<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E6%B3%95?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="民法">民法</a>體制；那是：法律主要產生自書面成文法；法官不制訂法律，而只不過闡釋它（雖然在某些領域的一些法官解釋使它與<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%88%A4%E4%BE%8B%E6%B3%95?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="判例法">判例法</a>相當）。</p> <p>法國法律的許多基本原則被貯存在<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%8B%BF%E7%A0%B4%E5%B4%99%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="拿破崙法典">拿破崙法典</a>中。<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E6%B2%BB?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法治">法治</a>的基本原則被貯存在拿破崙法典中：法律只能處理未來而不是過去（<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%BF%BD%E6%BA%AF%E6%B3%95%E4%BB%A4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="追溯法令">追溯法令</a>被禁止）；為可適用，法律必須被正式公佈（見<i><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E8%A5%BF%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%98%E6%96%B9%E5%85%AC%E6%8A%A5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法兰西共和国官方公报">官方公报</a></i>）。</p> <p>與<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E6%9D%83%E5%92%8C%E5%85%AC%E6%B0%91%E6%9D%83%E5%AE%A3%E8%A8%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="人权和公民权宣言">人權和公民權宣言</a>的原則一致，普遍原則是自由，並且法律只禁止對社會有害的行為。如同首位<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%BF%BB%E6%A1%88%E6%B3%95%E9%99%A2_(%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="翻案法院 (法国)">翻案法院</a>院長<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E8%93%8B%E4%BC%8A%C2%B7%E5%8A%A0%E5%B0%BC%E8%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="蓋伊·加尼菲（页面不存在）">蓋伊·加尼菲</a>所說的關於應該以法國法律治理什麽：<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <dl> <dd> <i>自由是規則，並且它的限制是例外情況；自由的任何限制必須由法律規定并遵循必要性和均衡性的原則。</i> </dd> </dl> <p>那即是，法律只有在禁令被需要，並且限制引起的不便之處不超過禁令被假設糾正的不便之處時才可以設置禁令。</p> <p>法國不承認<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E6%B3%95?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="宗教法">宗教法</a>，它也不承認宗教信條作為禁令法規的動機。結果，法國長久以來沒有<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%A4%BB%E7%80%86%E7%A5%9E%E9%9D%88?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="褻瀆神靈">褻瀆神靈</a>法和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%B8%A1%E5%A5%B8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="鸡奸">雞奸</a>法（後者在1789年被廢止）。</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="成文法對行政規章"><span id=".E6.88.90.E6.96.87.E6.B3.95.E5.B0.8D.E8.A1.8C.E6.94.BF.E8.A6.8F.E7.AB.A0"></span>成文法對行政規章</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C&action=edit&section=26&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="编辑章节：成文法對行政規章" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>编辑</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>法國法律區分為通常由<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E6%B3%95%E5%88%86%E6%94%AF?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="立法分支">立法分支</a>通過的立法法案（<i>loi</i>），和由<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E4%BB%A4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="政令">政令</a>創製、由<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E7%B8%BD%E7%90%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="法國總理">總理</a>發佈的規章（<i>règlement</i>）。也存在由部長發佈、以他們或地方當局的名義起次要作用、被叫作arrêtés的次級規章；這些只可以在職能範圍內并在由基本法律劃定的範圍內被採用。也有越來越多由獨立機構發佈的規章，尤其涉及經濟事務。</p> <p>根據<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E6%86%B2%E6%B3%95?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法國憲法">法國憲法</a>（第三十四條）：</p> <p>法規可關係到：</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E6%9D%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-disambig" title="民权">民權</a>和給予公民的對公共自由的行使的基本保障；在對公民的人身和財產的尊重之中被實行在公民身上的對<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%98%B2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="國防">國防</a>宗旨的義務；</li> <li>國籍，人的地位和法定身份，婚姻制度，<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%B9%BC%E6%89%BF?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="繼承">繼承</a>和贈予；</li> <li>對嚴重犯罪和其它重大犯罪的決定和對它們的可適用的刑罰；<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E5%88%91%E4%BA%8B%E8%A8%B4%E8%A8%9F%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="刑事訴訟程序（页面不存在）">刑事訴訟程序</a>；<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E8%B5%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="特赦">特赦</a>；新級別法院和法庭的建立和管理<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8F%B8%E6%B3%95%E9%83%A8%E9%96%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="司法部門">司法部門</a>成員的規章；</li> <li>所有類型的稅收的基礎、比率和方法；<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%B2%A8%E5%B9%A3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="貨幣">貨幣</a>的發行。</li> </ul> <p>法規還可確定以下內容的規則：</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%8B%E6%9C%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="法國國會">國會</a>和地方議會的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%81%B8%E8%88%89%E5%88%B6%E5%BA%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="選舉制度">選舉制度</a>；</li> <li>各類公共機構的創建；</li> <li>被給予由國家雇傭的公務和軍事人員的基本保障；</li> <li>企業的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E6%9C%89%E5%8C%96?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="國有化">國有化</a>和企業所有權從公共部門到私人部門的轉讓。</li> </ul> <p>法規確定以下方面的基本原則：</p> <ul> <li>國防的一般組織；</li> <li>領土單位的自有政府，它們的權力和它們的資源；</li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="教育">教育</a>；</li> <li>管理所有權的制度，的權利，及民事和商業合同；</li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8B%9E%E5%8B%95%E6%B3%95?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="勞動法">勞動法</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E6%9C%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="工會">工會</a>法和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E4%BF%9D%E9%9A%9C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="社會保障">社會保障</a>。</li> </ul> <p>財政法案可以被指定在制度上的法案的方式和保留確定國家的資源和義務。社會保障財政法案可確定社會保障的財政平衡的一般條件，并且按照財政收入預計可以被指定在制度上的法案的方式和保留確定財政支出指標。規劃法案可確定國家的經濟和社會行為的目標。</p> <p>這條的條款可以被在組織法上擴充并由組織法補充。</p> <p>其它範圍是規章的事務。法律和規章之間的這個區別由憲法委員會實施：政府能憑憲法委員會的同意靠政令修改違犯規章領域的法律。同樣，國務委員會廢止違犯法律領域的政令。</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="法律來源的權威的順序"><span id=".E6.B3.95.E5.BE.8B.E4.BE.86.E6.BA.90.E7.9A.84.E6.AC.8A.E5.A8.81.E7.9A.84.E9.A0.86.E5.BA.8F"></span>法律來源的權威的順序</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C&action=edit&section=27&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="编辑章节：法律來源的權威的順序" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>编辑</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>當法院必須處理前後矛盾的文本時，它們運用某種層級：高層級的文本將廢止低層級的文本。一般規則是憲法高於法律，法律高於規章。然而，在歐洲法律和國際條約及行政法院的類<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%88%A4%E4%BE%8B%E6%B3%95?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="判例法">判例法</a>的介入的情況下，層級變得有所模糊。下列規章的層級因而被以適當的慎重採用：</p> <ol> <li>法國憲法，包括由共和國法律承認、由憲法委員會明確的基本的核心的憲法性價值</li> <li>歐洲聯盟條約、指令和規章</li> <li>國際條約和協定</li> <li>組織法</li> <li>國會法案</li> <li>法典</li> <li>委員會命令（由國務委員會建議）</li> <li>其它行政命令</li> <li>法則和規章 <ul> <li>來自多位部長</li> <li>來自一位部長</li> <li>來自地方當局</li> </ul></li> <li>由獨立機構發出的規章和決定</li> </ol> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="地方政府"><span id=".E5.9C.B0.E6.96.B9.E6.94.BF.E5.BA.9C"></span>地方政府</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C&action=edit&section=28&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="编辑章节：地方政府" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>编辑</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <p>傳統上，在法國做決定曾經高度集中，每個法國的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%9C%81_(%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="省 (法國)">省</a>由被中央政府任命的地方長官領導，除地方選舉出的普遍議會外。然而，在1982年，國家政府通過立法靠把寬範圍的行政和財政權力給予地方選舉的官員<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%9D%83%E5%8A%9B%E5%88%86%E6%95%A3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="权力分散">分散</a>權力。在1986年3月，大區議會第一次直接被選舉，並且權力分散的進程持續，儘管以緩慢的步伐。在2003年3月，一次憲法修訂很明顯地改變了法定框架，使其向權力更加分散的體系發展，并增強了地方政府的權力。</p> <p>同在<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E6%9C%AC%E5%9C%9F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法國本土">法國本土</a>的地方政府的行政單位由以下單位構成：</p> <ul> <li>大約36,000個<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%B8%82%E9%95%87_(%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="市镇 (法国)">市鎮</a>（<i>communes</i>），由市鎮議會（<i>conseil municipaux</i>）和市鎮長領導，</li> <li>96個<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%9C%81_(%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="省 (法國)">省</a>（<i>départements</i>），由普遍議會（<i>conseil général</i>）和它的議長領導，</li> <li>22個<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%8D%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-disambig" title="大區">大區</a>（<i>régions</i>），由大區議會（<i>conseil régional</i>）和它的議長領導。</li> </ul> <p>普遍議會是在1790年由法國大革命在每個新創建的省創建的機構（它們從1942年至1944年被維希政府取締）。一個普遍議員（<i>conseiller général</i>，即省議員）必須至少21歲，并在他或她被選舉的地方生活或納稅。（社會學家讓·維亞德指出〖<i>世界報</i>，2006年2月22日〗所有普遍議員的一半仍然是農民的兒子，意味著法國的深厚鄉村根底。）雖然中央政府理論上能解散普遍議會（在功能失調的議會的情況中），但這只在第五共和國發生過一次。</p> <p>普遍議會討論和通過有關省的事務的法律；它在行政上負責省的雇員和土地，管理受補貼的房屋、公共運輸和學校補貼，并貢獻公共設施。它不被允許表達「政治意願」。普遍議會一年至少開會三次，并選舉有3年任期的議長，他或她主持「常務委員會」，通常由5－10名其他省議員組成。省議會在過去的三十年間發生在法國的政治權力分散的進程中產生新的權力。在法國總共有超過4,000名省議員。</p> <p>行政部門的不同級別有不同的職責，而共享的責任是普遍的；比如，在教育領域，市鎮運營公立小學，而省運營初級中學，而大區運營高級中學，但只對於建築和建築的維護；課程和教學人員由國家教育部提供。</p> <p>3個主要城市，<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E9%BB%8E?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="巴黎">巴黎</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%87%8C%E6%98%82?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="里昂">里昂</a>和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E8%B3%BD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="馬賽">馬賽</a>有特別的法規。巴黎同時是市鎮和省，有一個機構，巴黎議會（<i>Conseil de Paris</i>），它同時作為市鎮議會被選舉，但也作為普遍議會運作。這3個城市也被分為區（<i>arrondissement</i>），每個區有它的區議會（<i>conseil d'arrondissement</i>）和它的區長。</p> <p><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E6%B5%B7%E5%A4%96%E7%9C%81%E5%92%8C%E9%A0%98%E5%9C%B0&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="法國海外省和領地（页面不存在）">法國海外領地</a>被分為兩組：</p> <ul> <li>4個<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%A4%96%E5%A4%A7%E5%8C%BA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="海外大区">海外大區</a>，有與它們的宗主國組織上的比較強的相似性；在這些海外大區所有法國的法律自動被應用，除非如果具體文本規定相反的內容或規定一些適應的內容。這四個大區是法蘭西共和國領地的完全一體的部份，而且同樣屬於歐洲聯盟，這意味著歐洲法律是可應用的。</li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E6%B5%B7%E5%A4%96%E9%A2%86%E5%9C%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="法国海外领地">領地</a>，通常有更大的自治權。大體上，法國法律不被應用，除非具體文本規定相反的內容。一個新的領地被創建於2007年2月：<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%81%96%E5%B7%B4%E6%B3%B0%E5%8B%92%E7%B1%B3%E5%B3%B6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="聖巴泰勒米島">聖巴泰勒米島</a>。這個領地曾經是瓜達盧佩海外省的一部份。聖巴泰勒米島的法規規定法國法律的自動應用，除了大多數這個領地內的稅和移民事務，這些事務被留給這個領地。這個領地不屬於歐洲聯盟。然而，作為「海外領地」它們有與歐盟的聯繫協定，并可以選擇加入一些歐盟的規定。歐盟法律只在有必要實施聯繫協定的範圍內應用於它們。</li> </ul> <p>所有有人居住的法國領地由國會兩院代表，并表决總統選舉。</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="参考文献"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8C.AE"></span>参考文献</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C&action=edit&section=29&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="编辑章节：参考文献" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>编辑</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <div class="reflist columns references-column-count references-column-count-2" style="-moz-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-count: 2; column-count: 2; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">第五共和国宪法，第一条。<a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wikisource.org/wiki/Constitution_du_4_octobre_1958">（[//web.archive.org/web/20190508125549/https://fr.wikisource.org/wiki/Constitution_du_4_octobre_1958 页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）（<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20190508125549/https://fr.wikisource.org/wiki/Constitution_du_4_octobre_1958">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）（<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20190508125549/https://fr.wikisource.org/wiki/Constitution_du_4_octobre_1958">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） <span lang="fr">Article premier</span>] （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20190508125549/https://fr.wikisource.org/wiki/Constitution_du_4_octobre_1958">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</span></li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">見引用憲法前言和人權和公民權宣言的決定<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.conseil-constitutionnel.fr/decision/1971/7144dc.htm">1971年7月16日71－44號文件</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20210401042544/http://www.conseil-constitutionnel.fr/decision/1971/7144dc.htm">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）和<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.conseil-constitutionnel.fr/decision/1973/7351dc.htm">1973年12月27日73－51號文件</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125050034/http://www.conseil-constitutionnel.fr/decision/1973/7351dc.htm">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）。</span></li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/WAspad/UnTexteDeJorf?numjo%3DJUSX0300069L">2005年3月1日的2005－205號憲法性法律</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [2009年11月29日]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20200313072336/http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichTexte.do?cidTexte%3DJORFTEXT000000790249%26dateTexte%3D%26categorieLien%3Did">存档</a>于2020年3月13日）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C&rft.btitle=2005%E5%B9%B43%E6%9C%881%E6%97%A5%E7%9A%842005%EF%BC%8D205%E8%99%9F%E6%86%B2%E6%B3%95%E6%80%A7%E6%B3%95%E5%BE%8B&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.legifrance.gouv.fr%2FWAspad%2FUnTexteDeJorf%3Fnumjo%3DJUSX0300069L&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/texteconsolide/PPEAG.htm">1962年11月6日的62－1262號憲法性法律</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [2009年11月29日]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20071216130434/http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/texteconsolide/PPEAG.htm">存档</a>于2007年12月16日）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C&rft.btitle=1962%E5%B9%B411%E6%9C%886%E6%97%A5%E7%9A%8462%EF%BC%8D1262%E8%99%9F%E6%86%B2%E6%B3%95%E6%80%A7%E6%B3%95%E5%BE%8B&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.legifrance.gouv.fr%2Ftexteconsolide%2FPPEAG.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">憲法，第七條</span></li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">憲法，第八條</span></li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E6%86%B2%E6%B3%95?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法國憲法">憲法</a>，第21條</span></li> <li id="cite_note-cf-20-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-cf-20_8-0"><sup><b>8.0</b></sup></a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-cf-20_8-1"><sup><b>8.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">憲法，第20條</span></li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">憲法，第49條</span></li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">憲法，第48條</span></li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">國民議會，<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/12/cri/2005-2006/20060143.asp">2006年2月9日會議記錄副本</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20190302210431/http://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/12/cri/2005-2006/20060143.asp">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）：多米尼克·德維爾潘宣佈第49條第3款的議案的場面；<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/12/ta/ta0534.asp">被採納的文本</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20200114195819/http://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/12/ta/ta0534.asp">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</span></li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">「初次雇傭合同」隨著長長的街頭抗議被<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/WAspad/UnTexteDeJorf?numjo%3DSOCX0609236L">2006年4月21日法</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20220106110415/http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/WAspad/UnTexteDeJorf?numjo%3DSOCX0609236L">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）廢止；見<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E5%88%9D%E6%AC%A1%E9%9B%87%E5%82%AD%E5%90%88%E5%90%8C&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="初次雇傭合同（页面不存在）">初次雇傭合同</a>。</span></li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.conseil-etat.fr/ce/missio/index_mi_cg01.shtml%231"><i>國務委員會的憲法角色</i></a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">互联网档案馆</a>的<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20090429075357/http://www.conseil-etat.fr/ce/missio/index_mi_cg01.shtml">存檔</a>，存档日期2009-04-29.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">憲法，第三十八條</span></li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">關於法令的立法體制和明確的和無疑問的批准，見法國參議院立法事務機構做的<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.senat.fr/ej/ej_ordonnance/ej_ordonnance1.html">2006年12月31日计划</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20171011034941/http://www.senat.fr/ej/ej_ordonnance/ej_ordonnance1.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）。</span></li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/WAspad/UnTexteDeJorf?numjo%3DJUSX0000009L">2000－517號法律</a>授權政府採用法令以在各種不同的法律文本中改造所有從法郎成歐元。</span></li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">關於「新雇傭合同」的<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/WAspad/UnTexteDeJorf?numjo%3DSOCX0500188R">2005年8月2日法令</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20200728072102/http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/WAspad/UnTexteDeJorf?numjo%3DSOCX0500188R">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</span></li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">見<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/html/sites/sites_autorites.htm">這個列表</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110924000617/http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/html/sites/sites_autorites.htm">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</span></li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">見參考書目</span></li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">郵政服務和電子通訊法典，<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/WAspad/UnArticleDeCode?commun%3D%26code%3DCPOSTESL.rcv%26art%3DL43">第四十三條</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">豁免權被憲法第二十六條要求，由<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/WAspad/UnTexteDeJorf?numjo%3DJUSX9500101L">1995年8月5日憲法性法律</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20040810021656/http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/WAspad/UnTexteDeJorf?numjo%3DJUSX9500101L">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）明確。見：國民議會，<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/connaissance/immunite.asp">國會豁免權</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20141207200420/http://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/connaissance/immunite.asp">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</span></li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.humanite.presse.fr/journal/1998-04-21/1998-04-21-414447"><i>人文科學</i></a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20050616135452/http://www.humanite.presse.fr/journal/1998-04-21/1998-04-21-414447">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>），1998年4月21日；<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.humanite.presse.fr/journal/1998-04-23/1998-04-23-414616"><i>人文科學</i></a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20050616081816/http://www.humanite.presse.fr/journal/1998-04-23/1998-04-23-414616">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>），1998年4月23日；<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.humanite.presse.fr/journal/2002-08-13/2002-08-13-38435"><i>人文科學</i></a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20050628191648/http://www.humanite.presse.fr/journal/2002-08-13/2002-08-13-38435">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>），2002年8月13日</span></li> <li id="cite_note-#1-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-#1_23-0"><sup><b>23.0</b></sup></a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-#1_23-1"><sup><b>23.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">憲法，第三十九條</span></li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">與憲法第三十四條第一款、第三十九條和第四十四條的應用相關的2009年4月15日的2009－403號组织法，<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://legifrance.gouv.fr/affichTexteArticle.do?idArticle%3DLEGIARTI000020522653%26cidTexte%3DLEGITEXT000020522634">第八條</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20190523122115/http://legifrance.gouv.fr/affichTexteArticle.do?idArticle%3DLEGIARTI000020522653%26cidTexte%3DLEGITEXT000020522634">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</span></li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">憲法，第四十條</span></li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">憲法，第四十六條</span></li> <li id="cite_note-#2-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-#2_27-0"><sup><b>27.0</b></sup></a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-#2_27-1"><sup><b>27.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">憲法，第十條</span></li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">憲法，第六十一條</span></li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">憲法，第十九條</span></li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">民法典，<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/WAspad/UnArticleDeCode?commun%3D%26code%3DCCIVILL0.rcv%26art%3D1">第十九條</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">蓋伊·加尼菲說管理監獄的規章怎樣忽視自由是普遍情況和禁令是例外情況這一基本的法治。見雅克斯·弗洛什，<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/11/rap-enq/r2521-2.asp">法國國民議會對法國監獄情況的調查委員會的報告</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20191230000908/http://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/11/rap-enq/r2521-2.asp">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）。</span></li> </ol> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="深度閱讀"><span id=".E6.B7.B1.E5.BA.A6.E9.96.B1.E8.AE.80"></span>深度閱讀</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C&action=edit&section=30&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="编辑章节：深度閱讀" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>编辑</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-9"> <ul> <li>弗雷德裡克·莫奈拉，<i>共和理念與憲法委員會的法律解釋</i>－巴黎：法律參考書店，2004年<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.fnac.com/Shelf/article.asp?PRID%3D1601897%26Mn%3D2%26Ra%3D-1%26To%3D0%26Nu%3D2%26Fr%3D3">[1</a>] <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Archive-It?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Archive-It">Archive-It</a>的<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20171010073518/https://livre.fnac.com/a1601897/Frederic-Monera-L-idee-de-Republique-et-la-jurisprudence-du-conseil-constitutionnel?Fr%3D3%26Mn%3D2%26Nu%3D2%26Ra%3D-1%26To%3D0">存檔</a>，存档日期2017-10-10－<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20060923201826/http://www.lgdj.fr/rech_rapide.php?_Sess%3Dc22f5de9dee93f9554d169596caad970%26_Mots%3Dmonera%26_TypeCode%3D">[2</a>]</li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(10)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="外部連結"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E9.83.A8.E9.80.A3.E7.B5.90"></span>外部連結</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C&action=edit&section=31&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="编辑章节：外部連結" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>编辑</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-10 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-10"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="一般鏈接"><span id=".E4.B8.80.E8.88.AC.E9.8F.88.E6.8E.A5"></span>一般鏈接</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C&action=edit&section=32&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="编辑章节：一般鏈接" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>编辑</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul> <li> <ul> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.service-public.fr/">公共服務</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110224063306/http://www.service-public.fr/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> </ul></li> <li>法律 <ul> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/">Legifrance</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110224151622/http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>），法律和規章官方在綫知識庫</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20050603234504/http://www.doc.diplomatie.fr/pacte/">法國外交文件中的條約</a>，條約官方在綫知識庫</li> </ul></li> <li>行政分支 <ul> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.elysee.fr/">愛麗舍宮官方網站</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20080909095955/http://www.elysee.fr/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>），總統官方網站</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20030327021241/http://www.premier-ministre.gouv.fr/">總理官方網站</a></li> </ul></li> <li>立法分支 <ul> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/">國民議會官方網站</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20060318233956/http://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.senat.fr/">參議院官方網站</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20060701042758/http://www.senat.fr/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> </ul></li> <li>司法分支 <ul> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.courdecassation.fr/">翻案法院官方網站</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110208175209/http://www.courdecassation.fr/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.conseil-etat.fr/">國務委員會官方網站</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110924030054/http://www.conseil-etat.fr/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.conseil-constitutionnel.fr/">憲法委員會官方網站</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110220015958/http://www.conseil-constitutionnel.fr/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.ccomptes.fr/">審計法院官方網站</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20120528084750/http://www.ccomptes.fr/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.conseil-superieur-magistrature.fr/">地方法院高級理事會官方網站</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418075454/http://www.conseil-superieur-magistrature.fr/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> </ul></li> <li>其它 <ul> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.mediateur-republique.fr/">申訴專員官方網站</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20130411091916/http://www.mediateur-republique.fr/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.conseil-economique-et-social.fr/">經濟和社會理事會官方網站</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20210305111456/http://www.conseil-economique-et-social.fr/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/skins/common/images/button_media.png">http://upload.wikimedia.org/skins/common/images/button_media.png</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20100605224210/http://upload.wikimedia.org/skins/common/images/button_media.png">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> </ul></li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="法律參考文本"><span id=".E6.B3.95.E5.BE.8B.E5.8F.83.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E6.9C.AC"></span>法律參考文本</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C&action=edit&section=33&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="编辑章节：法律參考文本" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>编辑</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul> <li> <ul> <li>一般參考 <ul> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/">法國法律官方網站</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110224151622/http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）提供所有文本的政府總網站</li> </ul></li> <li>憲法 <ul> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E6%86%B2%E6%B3%95?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法國憲法">法蘭西共和國憲法</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.conseil-constitutionnel.fr/textes/c1958web.htm">原始文本</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20080611090924/http://www.conseil-constitutionnel.fr/textes/c1958web.htm">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/english/8ab.asp">官方英語譯本</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20130313212736/http://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/english/8ab.asp">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E6%9D%83%E5%92%8C%E5%85%AC%E6%B0%91%E6%9D%83%E5%AE%A3%E8%A8%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="人权和公民权宣言">人權和公民權宣言</a>（<a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/fr:D%25C3%25A9claration_des_Droits_de_l%2527Homme_et_du_Citoyen">法語文本</a>，<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/english/8ac.asp">英語譯本</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20130225210344/http://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/english/8ac.asp">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>））</li> </ul></li> <li>程序規則 <ul> <li>國民議會程序規則（<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/connaissance/reglement.asp%23P31_233">原始文本</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20120504023000/http://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/connaissance/reglement.asp%23P31_233">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>），<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/english/8ac.asp">英語譯本</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20130225210344/http://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/english/8ac.asp">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>））</li> </ul></li> <li>司法 <ul> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/WAspad/UnCode?commun%3D%26code%3DCCIVILL0.rcv">民法典，成文法部份</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20040603031422/http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/WAspad/UnCode?commun%26code%3DCCIVILL0.rcv">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/WAspad/UnCode?commun%3D%26code%3DCPROCIV0.rcv">民事訴訟法典，成文法部份</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20040805025317/http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/WAspad/UnCode?commun%26code%3DCPROCIV0.rcv">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）（<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/html/codes_traduits/somncpca.htm">官方英語譯本</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604221013/http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/html/codes_traduits/somncpca.htm">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>））</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/WAspad/UnCode?commun%3D%26code%3DCPENALLL.rcv">刑法典，成文法部份</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20040803154031/http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/WAspad/UnCode?commun%26code%3DCPENALLL.rcv">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）（<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/html/codes_traduits/code_penal_soman.htm">官方英語譯本</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604221131/http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/html/codes_traduits/code_penal_soman.htm">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>））</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/WAspad/UnCode?commun%3D%26code%3DCPROCPEL.rcv">刑事訴訟法典，成文法部份</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20040804175249/http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/WAspad/UnCode?commun%26code%3DCPROCPEL.rcv">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）（<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/html/codes_traduits/cppsomA.htm">官方英語譯本</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20030422150953/http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/html/codes_traduits/cppsomA.htm">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>））</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/WAspad/UnCode?commun%3D%26code%3DCJUSADML.rcv">行政司法法典，成文法部份</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20040803140853/http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/WAspad/UnCode?commun%26code%3DCJUSADML.rcv">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/WAspad/UnCode?commun%3D%26code%3DCJURFINL.rcv">財政司法權法典</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20040803134628/http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/WAspad/UnCode?commun%26code%3DCJURFINL.rcv">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> </ul></li> <li>預算 <ul> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/WAspad/UnTexteDeJorf?numjo%3DECOX0104681L">涉及法國法律的組織法</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20210226134237/http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/WAspad/UnTexteDeJorf?numjo%3DECOX0104681L">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> </ul></li> <li>申訴專員 <ul> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/texteconsolide/PPEAP.htm">1973年1月3日的73－6號法律</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20080104143157/http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/texteconsolide/PPEAP.htm">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>），創建了申訴專員一職</li> </ul></li> </ul></li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="官方文件"><span id=".E5.AE.98.E6.96.B9.E6.96.87.E4.BB.B6"></span>官方文件</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C&action=edit&section=34&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="编辑章节：官方文件" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>编辑</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul> <li> <ul> <li>一般參考 <ul> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20060812020512/http://www.vie-publique.fr/decouverte_instit/sommaire.htm"><i>公共生活：機構的發現</i></a></li> <li><i>公共權利</i>。<i>2005年文本概要</i>，<i><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86%E5%B1%80&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="法國文件管理局（页面不存在）">法國文件管理局</a></i>，<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=ISBN_2-11-005961-3&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="ISBN 2-11-005961-3（页面不存在）">ISBN 2-11-005961-3</a></li> </ul></li> <li>財政司法權 <ul> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20070428032205/http://www.ccomptes.fr/FramePrinc/frame01.htm">審計法院</a>（<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20070510031032/http://www.ccomptes.fr/anglais/anglais_1.htm">英語譯本</a>）</li> </ul></li> <li>預算 <ul> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E8%90%8A%E6%81%A9%C2%B7%E6%8B%89%E5%A7%86%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="阿萊恩·拉姆伯特（页面不存在）">阿萊恩·拉姆伯特</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%88%B4%E8%BF%AA%E7%88%BE%C2%B7%E7%B1%B3%E9%AB%98%E5%BE%B7&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="戴迪爾·米高德（页面不存在）">戴迪爾·米高德</a>著，<i>涉及法國法律的組織法的成就，有責任和有效的公共治理的關鍵</i>。<i>政府報告</i>，2005年9月，<a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/2110955155">ISBN 2-11-095515-5</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20170510173748/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/2110955155">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）（<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.ladocumentationfrancaise.fr/rapports-publics/054000592/index.shtml">頁面</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20190702133812/http://www.ladocumentationfrancaise.fr/rapports-publics/054000592/index.shtml">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>），<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://lesrapports.ladocumentationfrancaise.fr/cgi-bin/brp/telestats.cgi?brp_ref%3D054000592%26brp_file%3D0000.pdf">PDF</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%A4%B1%E6%95%88%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:失效链接"><span title="自2018年3月失效">永久失效連結</span></a>]</span></sup>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20051016134228/http://www.vie-publique.fr/decouverte_instit/approfondissements/approf_212.htm">涉及法國法律的組織法的介紹</a></li> <li>愛德華·阿克萊特、斯塔尼斯拉斯·古德弗羅伊、曼紐埃爾·馬茲克茲、讓－盧克·伯歐夫、塞西爾·柯立芝斯著，<i>涉及法國法律的組織法的運作</i>，<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86%E5%B1%80&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="法國文件管理局（页面不存在）">法國文件管理局</a>，2005年，<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=ISBN_2-11-005944-3&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="ISBN 2-11-005944-3（页面不存在）">ISBN 2-11-005944-3</a></li> </ul></li> <li>獨立行政機構 <ul> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E5%8A%A1%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A_(%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="国务委员会 (法国)">國務委員會</a>，2001年公共報告，<i>獨立行政機構</i>（<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://lesrapports.ladocumentationfrancaise.fr/BRP/014000275/0000.pdf">PDF</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20111111155521/http://lesrapports.ladocumentationfrancaise.fr/BRP/014000275/0000.pdf">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）），<a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/2110047887">ISBN 2-11-004788-7</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20170511013800/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/2110047887">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> </ul></li> </ul></li> </ul> <div class="navbox-styles"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:" :"}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist-pipe dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist-pipe li::after{content:" | ";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist-hyphen dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist-hyphen li::after{content:" - ";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist-comma dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist-comma li::after{content:"、";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:"（"counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output ul.cslist,.mw-parser-output ul.sslist{margin:0;padding:0;display:inline-block;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .cslist li,.mw-parser-output .sslist li{margin:0;display:inline-block}.mw-parser-output .cslist li::after{content:"，"}.mw-parser-output .sslist li::after{content:"；"}.mw-parser-output .cslist li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .sslist li:last-child::after{content:none}</style> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84261037">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{text-align:center;padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf;position:relative}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em;width:auto;padding-left:0.2em;position:absolute;left:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox .mw-collapsible-toggle{margin-left:0.5em;position:absolute;right:1em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style> </div>   </section> </div> <noscript> <img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=mobile" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"> </noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet=""> 检索自“<a dir="ltr" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3D%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%26oldid%3D83030995">https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=法國政府&oldid=83030995</a>” </div> </div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"><a class="last-modified-bar" href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C&action=history&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"><span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-medium minerva-icon--modified-history"></span> <span class="last-modified-bar__text modified-enhancement" data-user-name="2402:7500:4ED:99DA:0:0:4310:3950" data-user-gender="unknown" data-timestamp="1718294863"> <span>最后编辑于2024年6月13日 (星期四) 16:07</span> </span> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-small minerva-icon--expand"></span> </div></a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id="mw-data-after-content"> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>语言</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"> <li id="ca-varlang-0" class="selected ca-variants-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/zh/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" lang="zh" hreflang="zh"><span>不转换</span></a></li> <li id="ca-varlang-1" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/zh-hans/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" lang="zh-Hans" hreflang="zh-Hans"><span>简体</span></a></li> <li id="ca-varlang-2" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/zh-hant/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" lang="zh-Hant" hreflang="zh-Hant"><span>繁體</span></a></li> <li id="ca-varlang-3" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-CN mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/zh-cn/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" lang="zh-Hans-CN" hreflang="zh-Hans-CN"><span>大陆简体</span></a></li> <li id="ca-varlang-4" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-HK mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/zh-hk/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" lang="zh-Hant-HK" hreflang="zh-Hant-HK"><span>香港繁體</span></a></li> <li id="ca-varlang-5" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-MO mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/zh-mo/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" lang="zh-Hant-MO" hreflang="zh-Hant-MO"><span>澳門繁體</span></a></li> <li id="ca-varlang-6" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-MY mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/zh-my/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" lang="zh-Hans-MY" hreflang="zh-Hans-MY"><span>大马简体</span></a></li> <li id="ca-varlang-7" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-SG mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/zh-sg/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" lang="zh-Hans-SG" hreflang="zh-Hans-SG"><span>新加坡简体</span></a></li> <li id="ca-varlang-8" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-TW mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/zh-tw/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" lang="zh-Hant-TW" hreflang="zh-Hant-TW"><span>臺灣正體</span></a></li> </ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regering_van_Frankryk" title="Regering van Frankryk – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Regering van Frankryk" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25AD%25D9%2583%25D9%2588%25D9%2585%25D8%25A9_%25D9%2581%25D8%25B1%25D9%2586%25D8%25B3%25D8%25A7" title="حكومة فرنسا – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حكومة فرنسا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25AD%25D9%2583%25D9%2588%25D9%2585%25D8%25A9_%25D9%2581%25D8%25B1%25D9%2586%25D8%25B3%25D8%25A7" title="حكومة فرنسا – 埃及阿拉伯文" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="حكومة فرنسا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="埃及阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A6%25AB%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%25B0%25E0%25A6%25BE%25E0%25A6%25A8%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%25B8_%25E0%25A6%25B8%25E0%25A6%25B0%25E0%25A6%2595%25E0%25A6%25BE%25E0%25A6%25B0" title="ফ্রান্স সরকার – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ফ্রান্স সরকার" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Govern_de_Fran%25C3%25A7a" title="Govern de França – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Govern de França" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz%25C3%25B6sische_Regierung" title="Französische Regierung – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Französische Regierung" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25CE%259A%25CF%2585%25CE%25B2%25CE%25AD%25CF%2581%25CE%25BD%25CE%25B7%25CF%2583%25CE%25B7_%25CF%2584%25CE%25B7%25CF%2582_%25CE%2593%25CE%25B1%25CE%25BB%25CE%25BB%25CE%25B9%25CE%25BA%25CE%25AE%25CF%2582_%25CE%2594%25CE%25B7%25CE%25BC%25CE%25BF%25CE%25BA%25CF%2581%25CE%25B1%25CF%2584%25CE%25AF%25CE%25B1%25CF%2582" title="Κυβέρνηση της Γαλλικής Δημοκρατίας – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κυβέρνηση της Γαλλικής Δημοκρατίας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_France" title="Government of France – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Government of France" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franca_registaro_(5-a_Respubliko)" title="Franca registaro (5-a Respubliko) – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Franca registaro (5-a Respubliko)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gobierno_de_Francia" title="Gobierno de Francia – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Gobierno de Francia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frantziako_Gobernua" title="Frantziako Gobernua – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Frantziako Gobernua" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25AF%25D9%2588%25D9%2584%25D8%25AA_%25D9%2581%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25D8%25B3%25D9%2587" title="دولت فرانسه – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دولت فرانسه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ranskan_hallitus" title="Ranskan hallitus – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ranskan hallitus" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gouvernement_de_la_R%25C3%25A9publique_fran%25C3%25A7aise" title="Gouvernement de la République française – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Gouvernement de la République française" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D7%259E%25D7%259E%25D7%25A9%25D7%259C%25D7%25AA_%25D7%25A6%25D7%25A8%25D7%25A4%25D7%25AA" title="ממשלת צרפת – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ממשלת צרפת" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25AB%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%2582%25E0%25A4%25B8_%25E0%25A4%25B8%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A4%2595%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25B0" title="फ्रांस सरकार – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="फ्रांस सरकार" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franciaorsz%25C3%25A1g_korm%25C3%25A1nya" title="Franciaország kormánya – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Franciaország kormánya" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guvernerii_di_Francia" title="Guvernerii di Francia – 伊多语" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Guvernerii di Francia" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="伊多语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governo_della_Francia" title="Governo della Francia – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Governo della Francia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E6%2594%25BF%25E5%25BA%259C_(%25E3%2583%2595%25E3%2583%25A9%25E3%2583%25B3%25E3%2582%25B9%25E7%25AC%25AC%25E4%25BA%2594%25E5%2585%25B1%25E5%2592%258C%25E6%2594%25BF)" title="政府 (フランス第五共和政) – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="政府 (フランス第五共和政)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25ED%2594%2584%25EB%259E%2591%25EC%258A%25A4_%25EC%25A0%2595%25EB%25B6%2580" title="프랑스 정부 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="프랑스 정부" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pranc%25C5%25ABzijos_vyriausyb%25C4%2597" title="Prancūzijos vyriausybė – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Prancūzijos vyriausybė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A4%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D1%2586%25D1%258B%25D0%25BD_%25D0%2597%25D0%25B0%25D1%2581%25D0%25B3%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B9%25D0%25BD_%25D0%25B3%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B7%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580" title="Францын Засгийн газар – 蒙古语" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Францын Засгийн газар" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="蒙古语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pemerintah_Perancis" title="Pemerintah Perancis – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Pemerintah Perancis" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regering_van_Frankrijk" title="Regering van Frankrijk – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Regering van Frankrijk" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gov%25C3%25A8rn_franc%25C3%25A9s" title="Govèrn francés – 奥克语" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Govèrn francés" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奥克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rz%25C4%2585d_Francji" title="Rząd Francji – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Rząd Francji" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guvernul_Fran%25C8%259Bei" title="Guvernul Franței – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Guvernul Franței" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259F%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B8%25D1%2582%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BB%25D1%258C%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25B2%25D0%25BE_%25D0%25A4%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D1%2586%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B8" title="Правительство Франции – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Правительство Франции" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_France" title="Government of France – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Government of France" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qeveria_e_Franc%25C3%25ABs" title="Qeveria e Francës – 阿尔巴尼亚语" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Qeveria e Francës" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿尔巴尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankrikes_regering" title="Frankrikes regering – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Frankrikes regering" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B8%2581%25E0%25B8%25B2%25E0%25B8%25A3%25E0%25B8%259B%25E0%25B8%2581%25E0%25B8%2584%25E0%25B8%25A3%25E0%25B8%25AD%25E0%25B8%2587%25E0%25B8%259B%25E0%25B8%25A3%25E0%25B8%25B0%25E0%25B9%2580%25E0%25B8%2597%25E0%25B8%25A8%25E0%25B8%259D%25E0%25B8%25A3%25E0%25B8%25B1%25E0%25B9%2588%25E0%25B8%2587%25E0%25B9%2580%25E0%25B8%25A8%25E0%25B8%25AA" title="การปกครองประเทศฝรั่งเศส – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="การปกครองประเทศฝรั่งเศส" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fransa_h%25C3%25BCk%25C3%25BBmeti" title="Fransa hükûmeti – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Fransa hükûmeti" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A3%25D1%2580%25D1%258F%25D0%25B4_%25D0%25A4%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D1%2586%25D1%2596%25D1%2597" title="Уряд Франції – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Уряд Франції" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%25C3%25ADnh_ph%25E1%25BB%25A7_Ph%25C3%25A1p" title="Chính phủ Pháp – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Chính phủ Pháp" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li> </ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"> <img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-zh.svg" alt="维基百科" width="105" height="22" style="width: 6.5625em; height: 1.375em;"> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod">本页面最后修订于2024年6月13日 (星期四) 16:07。</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">除非另有声明，本网站内容采用<a class="external" rel="nofollow" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.zh">CC BY-SA 4.0</a>授权。</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places" class="footer-places hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">隐私政策</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">关于维基百科</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%85%8D%E8%B4%A3%E5%A3%B0%E6%98%8E?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">免责声明</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">行为准则</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://developer.wikimedia.org">开发者</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://stats.wikimedia.org/%23/zh.wikipedia.org">统计</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie声明</a></li> <li id="footer-places-terms-use"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://foundation.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">使用条款</a></li> <li id="footer-places-desktop-toggle"><a id="mw-mf-display-toggle" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3D%25E6%25B3%2595%25E5%259C%258B%25E6%2594%25BF%25E5%25BA%259C%26mobileaction%3Dtoggle_view_desktop" data-event-name="switch_to_desktop">桌面版</a></li> </ul> </div> </footer> </div> </div> <div class="mw-notification-area" data-mw="interface"></div> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-78f4c97c5d-swrkh","wgBackendResponseTime":253,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.520","walltime":"0.820","ppvisitednodes":{"value":4682,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":59802,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":10190,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":30,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":2,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":33427,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 511.634 1 -total"," 31.60% 161.660 1 Template:Infobox_political_system"," 30.92% 158.208 1 Template:Infobox"," 19.79% 101.241 1 Template:Reflist"," 15.33% 78.430 1 Template:欧洲题目"," 14.69% 75.173 1 Template:Navbox"," 11.39% 58.299 5 Template:Main"," 10.16% 51.967 2 Template:Cite_web"," 9.56% 48.937 4 Template:Category_handler"," 9.52% 48.731 1 Template:NoteTA"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.206","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":3227656,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-int.codfw.main-7cb57f8f57-zxsdc","timestamp":"20241125173749","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"\u6cd5\u570b\u653f\u5e9c","url":"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1450662","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1450662","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"\u7ef4\u57fa\u5a92\u4f53\u9879\u76ee\u8d21\u732e\u8005"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2008-04-10T00:26:16Z","dateModified":"2024-06-13T16:07:43Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/2\/24\/Gouvernement_fran%C3%A7ais.svg","headline":"\u4f9d\u64da\u6cd5\u570b\u7b2c\u4e94\u5171\u548c\u570b\u61b2\u6cd5\u6240\u7d44\u6210\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u9ad4\u5236"}</script> <script>(window.NORLQ=window.NORLQ||[]).push(function(){var ns,i,p,img;ns=document.getElementsByTagName('noscript');for(i=0;i<ns.length;i++){p=ns[i].nextSibling;if(p&&p.className&&p.className.indexOf('lazy-image-placeholder')>-1){img=document.createElement('img');img.setAttribute('src',p.getAttribute('data-src'));img.setAttribute('width',p.getAttribute('data-width'));img.setAttribute('height',p.getAttribute('data-height'));img.setAttribute('alt',p.getAttribute('data-alt'));p.parentNode.replaceChild(img,p);}}});</script> <script>function gtElInit() {var lib = new google.translate.TranslateService();lib.translatePage('zh-TW', 'en', function () {});}</script> <script src="https://translate.google.com/translate_a/element.js?cb=gtElInit&hl=en-GB&client=wt" type="text/javascript"></script> </body> </html>