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class="mw-page-title-main">Chachi people</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 9 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-9" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">9 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chachi" title="Chachi – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Chachi" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chachi" title="Chachi – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Chachi" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chachi" title="Chachi – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Chachi" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chachi" title="Chachi – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Chachi" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cayapa" title="Cayapa – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Cayapa" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Ca%C4%8Diai" title="Čačiai – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Čačiai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%B9%D8%A8_%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%89" title="شعب تشاتشى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="شعب تشاتشى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chachi" title="Chachi – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Chachi" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cayapa" title="Cayapa – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Cayapa" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1058397#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet 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</div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Ecuadorian ethnic group</div> <p><b>Chachi people</b> (also <b>Cayapas</b>) are an <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_group" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic group">ethnic group</a> who live in the <a href="/wiki/Rainforest" title="Rainforest">rainforest</a> area of northwestern <a href="/wiki/Esmeraldas,_Ecuador" title="Esmeraldas, Ecuador">Esmeraldas</a> on the northern coast of <a href="/wiki/Ecuador" title="Ecuador">Ecuador</a>. They live by the <a href="/wiki/Cayapas_River" title="Cayapas River">Cayapas River</a> in the Centro El Encanto, a section of the <a href="/wiki/Cotacachi_Cayapas_Ecological_Reserve" title="Cotacachi Cayapas Ecological Reserve">Cotacachi Cayapas Ecological Reserve</a>, as do <a href="/wiki/Afro_Ecuadorian" class="mw-redirect" title="Afro Ecuadorian">Afro Ecuadorian</a> people;<sup id="cite_ref-Wolvekamp1999_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wolvekamp1999-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the two groups have co-existed in the forest for about 400 years.<sup id="cite_ref-Wolvekamp1999_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wolvekamp1999-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There were approximately 5,000 Chachi in 2003.<sup id="cite_ref-Palmerlee2003_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Palmerlee2003-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chachi_people&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to Chachi oral tradition, they originated in <a href="/wiki/Imbabura_Province" title="Imbabura Province">Imbabura Province</a> in the mountains near <a href="/wiki/Ibarra,_Ecuador" title="Ibarra, Ecuador">Ibarra</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-DeBoer1996_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DeBoer1996-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Janet2002_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Janet2002-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> fleeing after the Castilian invasion and spent time in <a href="/wiki/Chimborazo_Province" title="Chimborazo Province">Chimborazo</a>. They were forced to settle in the area after the Spanish conquest of Ibarra, which led them to move to Esmeraldas. They have traditionally been known as Cayapas (<i>Cay</i>, meaning "son"; <i>Apa</i>, meaning "father"). However, after rejecting the term "Father's Son", from 1978, the people have been called Chachi ("pure"). The Chachi speak a <a href="/wiki/Barbacoan_languages" title="Barbacoan languages">Barbacoan language</a> named <a href="/wiki/Cayapa_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Cayapa language">Cayapa</a>. Linguistically, their closest living relatives are the <a href="/wiki/Ts%C3%A1chila_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Tsáchila people">Tsachila people</a> of Ecuador.<sup id="cite_ref-Evans-Pritchard1973_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Evans-Pritchard1973-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Today, they inhabit the river valleys of the <a href="/wiki/Cayapas_River" title="Cayapas River">Cayapas</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Canand%C3%A9_River&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Canandé River (page does not exist)">Canandé</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Muisne_River" title="Muisne River">Muisne Rivers</a> in <a href="/wiki/Esmeraldas_Province" title="Esmeraldas Province">Esmeraldas Province</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Jr.Kaplan2007_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jr.Kaplan2007-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chachi_people&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Milwaukee_Public_Museum_February_2023_74_(Middle_America--A_Pilehouse_in_the_Tropics-_Cayapa).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Milwaukee_Public_Museum_February_2023_74_%28Middle_America--A_Pilehouse_in_the_Tropics-_Cayapa%29.jpg/220px-Milwaukee_Public_Museum_February_2023_74_%28Middle_America--A_Pilehouse_in_the_Tropics-_Cayapa%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Milwaukee_Public_Museum_February_2023_74_%28Middle_America--A_Pilehouse_in_the_Tropics-_Cayapa%29.jpg/330px-Milwaukee_Public_Museum_February_2023_74_%28Middle_America--A_Pilehouse_in_the_Tropics-_Cayapa%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Milwaukee_Public_Museum_February_2023_74_%28Middle_America--A_Pilehouse_in_the_Tropics-_Cayapa%29.jpg/440px-Milwaukee_Public_Museum_February_2023_74_%28Middle_America--A_Pilehouse_in_the_Tropics-_Cayapa%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>The <i>A Pilehouse in the Tropics: Cayapa</i> diorama at the <a href="/wiki/Milwaukee_Public_Museum" title="Milwaukee Public Museum">Milwaukee Public Museum</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Chachi people are characterized as being marginalized and poor.<sup id="cite_ref-Ros-TonenHombergh2007_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ros-TonenHombergh2007-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Homes are built on stilts with sides and a roof of thatch.<sup id="cite_ref-Palmerlee2003_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Palmerlee2003-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Women's clothing includes a loose skirt with a sash at the waist while men wear a long shirt with pants; both men and women have bare chests.<sup id="cite_ref-Palmerlee2003_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Palmerlee2003-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since colonization, Chachi have converted to Catholicism. The group's leader is known as "Uni" while the "Chaitalas" hold a lesser role. The canoe provides a means of transportation. Bark is used to form a kind of paper or fabric. Their economy is based on traditional subsistence agriculture and fishing.<sup id="cite_ref-Palmerlee2003_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Palmerlee2003-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ros-TonenHombergh2007_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ros-TonenHombergh2007-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the Chachi are well noted for their basketwork, and they sell their craft items in stalls in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Borb%C3%B3n,_Ecuador&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Borbón, Ecuador (page does not exist)">Borbón</a>, <a href="/wiki/Valdez,_Esmeraldas" title="Valdez, Esmeraldas">Limones</a>, <a href="/wiki/Esmeraldas,_Ecuador" title="Esmeraldas, Ecuador">Esmeraldas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Quito" title="Quito">Quito</a>. <sup id="cite_ref-Palmerlee2003_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Palmerlee2003-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chachi_people&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Wolvekamp1999-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Wolvekamp1999_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wolvekamp1999_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFWolvekamp1999" class="citation book cs1">Wolvekamp, Paul (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=o-nMzgMEZlEC&pg=PA91"><i>Forests for the Future: Local Strategies for Forest Protection, Economic Welfare and Social Justice</i></a>. Zed Books. pp. 91–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85649-757-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85649-757-2"><bdi>978-1-85649-757-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Forests+for+the+Future%3A+Local+Strategies+for+Forest+Protection%2C+Economic+Welfare+and+Social+Justice&rft.pages=91-&rft.pub=Zed+Books&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-1-85649-757-2&rft.aulast=Wolvekamp&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Do-nMzgMEZlEC%26pg%3DPA91&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChachi+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Palmerlee2003-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Palmerlee2003_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Palmerlee2003_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Palmerlee2003_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Palmerlee2003_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Palmerlee2003_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPalmerlee2003" class="citation book cs1">Palmerlee, Danny (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4KQbiA1T-MEC&pg=PA295"><i>Ecuador and the Galápagos Islands</i></a>. Lonely Planet. pp. 295–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-74059-464-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-74059-464-6"><bdi>978-1-74059-464-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ecuador+and+the+Gal%C3%A1pagos+Islands&rft.pages=295-&rft.pub=Lonely+Planet&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-1-74059-464-6&rft.aulast=Palmerlee&rft.aufirst=Danny&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4KQbiA1T-MEC%26pg%3DPA295&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChachi+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DeBoer1996-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DeBoer1996_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDeBoer1996" class="citation book cs1">DeBoer, Warren (30 March 1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SzLVsiFD1h4C&pg=PA173"><i>Traces Behind the Esmeraldas Shore</i></a>. University of Alabama Press. p. 173. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8173-0792-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8173-0792-9"><bdi>978-0-8173-0792-9</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 June</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Traces+Behind+the+Esmeraldas+Shore&rft.pages=173&rft.pub=University+of+Alabama+Press&rft.date=1996-03-30&rft.isbn=978-0-8173-0792-9&rft.aulast=DeBoer&rft.aufirst=Warren&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSzLVsiFD1h4C%26pg%3DPA173&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChachi+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Janet2002-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Janet2002_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJanet2002" class="citation book cs1">Janet, Stéphanie C. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HM6AAAAAMAAJ"><i>Development, Minorities and Indigenous Peoples: A Case Study and Evaluation of Good Practice</i></a>. Minority Rights Group International. p. 19. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-897693-94-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-897693-94-0"><bdi>978-1-897693-94-0</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 June</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Development%2C+Minorities+and+Indigenous+Peoples%3A+A+Case+Study+and+Evaluation+of+Good+Practice&rft.pages=19&rft.pub=Minority+Rights+Group+International&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-1-897693-94-0&rft.aulast=Janet&rft.aufirst=St%C3%A9phanie+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHM6AAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChachi+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Evans-Pritchard1973-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Evans-Pritchard1973_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEvans-Pritchard1973" class="citation book cs1">Evans-Pritchard, Edward Evan (1973). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WdJAAAAAIAAJ"><i>Peoples of the earth</i></a>. Danbury Press. p. 40<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 June</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Peoples+of+the+earth&rft.pages=40&rft.pub=Danbury+Press&rft.date=1973&rft.aulast=Evans-Pritchard&rft.aufirst=Edward+Evan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWdJAAAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChachi+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jr.Kaplan2007-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Jr.Kaplan2007_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaldauf_Jr.Kaplan2007" class="citation book cs1">Baldauf Jr., Richard B.; Kaplan, Robert B. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=__RCYFbzA0IC&pg=PA50"><i>Language Planning and Policy in Latin America</i></a>. Multilingual Matters. p. 50. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84769-006-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84769-006-7"><bdi>978-1-84769-006-7</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 June</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Language+Planning+and+Policy+in+Latin+America&rft.pages=50&rft.pub=Multilingual+Matters&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-84769-006-7&rft.aulast=Baldauf+Jr.&rft.aufirst=Richard+B.&rft.au=Kaplan%2C+Robert+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D__RCYFbzA0IC%26pg%3DPA50&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChachi+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ros-TonenHombergh2007-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ros-TonenHombergh2007_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ros-TonenHombergh2007_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRos-TonenHomberghZoomers2007" class="citation book cs1">Ros-Tonen, Mirjam A. F.; Hombergh, Heleen Van Den; Zoomers, E. B. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Br5vZw_S-sYC&pg=PA42"><i>Partnerships in Sustainable Forest Resource Management: Learning from Latin America</i></a>. BRILL. pp. 42–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-15339-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-15339-4"><bdi>978-90-04-15339-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Partnerships+in+Sustainable+Forest+Resource+Management%3A+Learning+from+Latin+America&rft.pages=42-&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-90-04-15339-4&rft.aulast=Ros-Tonen&rft.aufirst=Mirjam+A.+F.&rft.au=Hombergh%2C+Heleen+Van+Den&rft.au=Zoomers%2C+E.+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBr5vZw_S-sYC%26pg%3DPA42&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChachi+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chachi_people&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Armelle Lorcy (2003), "Les enjeux mémoriels de la figure du promoteur de santé". Un projet sanitaire entre Noirs et Indiens Chachi (Équateur), <i>Face à Face</i>, 5, Mémoires et santé : jeux et enjeux. <span class="languageicon">(in Spanish)</span></li> <li>Istvan Praet (2006), <i>Courage and Fear. An Inquiry into Chachi Shape-Shifting</i> (University of Oxford: Doctoral Thesis).</li> <li>Istvan Praet (2007), "People into Ghosts. Chachi Death Rituals as Shape-Shifting", <i>Tipiti. The Journal of the Society for the Anthropology of Lowland South America</i>, 3, 2.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · 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href="/wiki/Ecuadorians#Nationality,_ethnicity,_and_race" title="Ecuadorians">Ancestry and ethnicity in Ecuador</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_in_Ecuador" title="Indigenous peoples in Ecuador">Indigenous</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Awa-Kwaiker_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Awa-Kwaiker people">Awa-Kwaiker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canelos-Quichua" title="Canelos-Quichua">Canelos-Quichua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ca%C3%B1ari" title="Cañari">Cañari</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Chachi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cholos_pescadores" title="Cholos pescadores">Cholo pescador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cof%C3%A1n_people" title="Cofán people">Cofán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huaorani_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Huaorani people">Huaorani</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tagaeri" title="Tagaeri">Tagaeri</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jivaroan_peoples" title="Jivaroan peoples">Jivaroan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Achuar_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Achuar people">Achuar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aguaruna_people" title="Aguaruna people">Aguaruna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huambisa_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Huambisa people">Huambisa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuar_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Shuar people">Shuar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maina_Indians" class="mw-redirect" title="Maina Indians">Maina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quechua_people" title="Quechua people">Quichua</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Panzaleo_people" title="Panzaleo people">Panzaleo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quijos-Quichua" title="Quijos-Quichua">Quijos-Quichua</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otavalo_people" title="Otavalo people">Otavalo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puruh%C3%A1" title="Puruhá">Puruhá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A1para_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Sápara people">Sápara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secoya_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Secoya people">Secoya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siona_people" title="Siona people">Siona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taromenane" title="Taromenane">Taromenane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetet%C3%A9_people" title="Teteté people">Teteté</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ts%C3%A1chila_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Tsáchila people">Tsáchila</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-Indigenous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afro-Ecuadorian" class="mw-redirect" title="Afro-Ecuadorian">African</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Americans_in_Ecuador" title="Americans in Ecuador">Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:European_diaspora_in_Ecuador" title="Category:European diaspora in Ecuador">European</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Ecuadorians" title="Italian Ecuadorians">Italians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mestizos_in_Ecuador" class="mw-redirect" title="Mestizos in Ecuador">Mestizos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uruguayans_in_Ecuador" title="Uruguayans in Ecuador">Uruguayans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_Ecuadorians" title="Croatian Ecuadorians">Croatians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanese_Ecuadorians" title="Lebanese Ecuadorians">Lebanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Ecuador" title="History of the Jews in Ecuador">Jews</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_Ecuador.svg/16px-Flag_of_Ecuador.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="11" class="mw-file-element" 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