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vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Material_culture_and_social_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Material culture and social history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Material_culture_and_social_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Foods_and_crops" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foods_and_crops"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Foods and crops</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foods_and_crops-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Examples_of_recent_persecution_of_Quechuas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Examples_of_recent_persecution_of_Quechuas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Examples of recent persecution of Quechuas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Examples_of_recent_persecution_of_Quechuas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mythology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mythology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Mythology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mythology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Contribution_in_modern_medicine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Contribution_in_modern_medicine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Contribution in modern medicine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Contribution_in_modern_medicine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Traditional_clothing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Traditional_clothing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Traditional clothing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Traditional_clothing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Quechua-speaking_ethnic_groups" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Quechua-speaking_ethnic_groups"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Quechua-speaking ethnic groups</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Quechua-speaking_ethnic_groups-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Quechua-speaking ethnic groups subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Quechua-speaking_ethnic_groups-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Peru" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Peru"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Peru</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Peru-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Lowlands" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lowlands"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1.1</span> <span>Lowlands</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lowlands-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Highlands" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Highlands"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1.2</span> <span>Highlands</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Highlands-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ecuador" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ecuador"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Ecuador</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ecuador-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Highlands_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Highlands_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2.1</span> <span>Highlands</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Highlands_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lowlands_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lowlands_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2.2</span> <span>Lowlands</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lowlands_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bolivia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bolivia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Bolivia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bolivia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Notable people</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Quechua people</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 58 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-58" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">58 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quechua_(volk)" title="Quechua (volk) – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Quechua (volk)" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%A7" title="كيتشوا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كيتشوا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DA%86%D9%88%D8%A7_%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%DB%8C" title="کچوا خالقی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="کچوا خالقی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D1%87%D1%83%D0%B0_(%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4)" title="Кечуа (народ) – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Кечуа (народ)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D1%87%D1%83%D0%B0" title="Кечуа – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Кечуа" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quechua_(Voik)" title="Quechua (Voik) – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Quechua (Voik)" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qu%C3%ADtxues" title="Quítxues – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Quítxues" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ke%C4%8Duov%C3%A9" title="Kečuové – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kečuové" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quechua_(Volk)" title="Quechua (Volk) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Quechua (Volk)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A9chwa_dine%CA%BC%C3%A9" title="Kéchwa dineʼé – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Kéchwa dineʼé" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ket%C5%A1uad" title="Ketšuad – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Ketšuad" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pueblo_quechua" title="Pueblo quechua – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Pueblo quechua" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ke%C4%89uoj" title="Keĉuoj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Keĉuoj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kitxua_(etnia)" title="Kitxua (etnia) – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kitxua (etnia)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%85_%DA%A9%DA%86%D9%88%D8%A7" title="مردم کچوا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مردم کچوا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quechuas" title="Quechuas – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Quechuas" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Na_Ceatsuaigh" title="Na Ceatsuaigh – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Na Ceatsuaigh" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pobo_quechua" title="Pobo quechua – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Pobo quechua" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%BC%80%EC%B6%94%EC%95%84%EC%A1%B1" title="케추아족 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="케추아족" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%A5%D5%B9%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A1_(%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%A3)" title="Կեչուա (ազգ) – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կեչուա (ազգ)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ke%C4%8Dua" title="Kečua – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kečua" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orang_Quechua" title="Orang Quechua – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Orang Quechua" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quechua" title="Quechua – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Quechua" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%A6%27%D7%95%D7%90%D7%94_(%D7%A2%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%9D)" title="קצ'ואה (עמים) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קצ'ואה (עמים)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%94%E1%83%A9%E1%83%A3%E1%83%90_(%E1%83%AE%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%AE%E1%83%98)" title="კეჩუა (ხალხი) – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კეჩუა (ხალხი)" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D1%87%D1%83%D0%B0_(%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B)" title="Кечуа (халық) – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Кечуа (халық)" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%AE%C3%A7wa" title="Kîçwa – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Kîçwa" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D1%87%D1%83%D0%B0" title="Кечуа – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Кечуа" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ke%C4%8Dvi" title="Kečvi – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kečvi" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ke%C4%8Dujai" title="Kečujai – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kečujai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D1%87%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Кечуани – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Кечуани" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B5_%E0%B4%9C%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%A4" title="ക്വെചുവ ജനത – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ക്വെചുവ ജനത" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%94%E1%83%A9%E1%83%A3%E1%83%90_(%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%97%E1%83%90)" title="კეჩუა (კათა) – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="კეჩუა (კათა)" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orang_Kicua" title="Orang Kicua – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Orang Kicua" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quichua_(volk)" title="Quichua (volk) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Quichua (volk)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B1%E3%83%81%E3%83%A5%E3%82%A2" title="ケチュア – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ケチュア" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quechuafolket" title="Quechuafolket – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Quechuafolket" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quechuaer" title="Quechuaer – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Quechuaer" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qu%C3%ADchoas" title="Quíchoas – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Quíchoas" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quechua_(Volk)" title="Quechua (Volk) – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Quechua (Volk)" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keczua_(lud)" title="Keczua (lud) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Keczua (lud)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qu%C3%ADchuas" title="Quíchuas – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Quíchuas" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quechua_(etnie)" title="Quechua (etnie) – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Quechua (etnie)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qhichwa_runa" title="Qhichwa runa – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Qhichwa runa" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D1%87%D1%83%D0%B0_(%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4)" title="Кечуа (народ) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Кечуа (народ)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keciwya_a_tademaw" title="Keciwya a tademaw – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Keciwya a tademaw" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quechuas" title="Quechuas – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Quechuas" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ke%C4%8Duji" title="Kečuji – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kečuji" 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href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ket%C5%A1uat" title="Ketšuat – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ketšuat" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quechuafolket" title="Quechuafolket – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Quechuafolket" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D" title="கெச்சுவா மக்கள் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கெச்சுவா மக்கள்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" 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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Ethnic group indigenous to Andean South America</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Ethnic group</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Quechua people</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Andean_Man.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Andean_Man.jpg/220px-Andean_Man.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="292" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Andean_Man.jpg/330px-Andean_Man.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Andean_Man.jpg/440px-Andean_Man.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1806" data-file-height="2400" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">An Andean man in traditional dress. <a href="/wiki/Pisac,_Peru" class="mw-redirect" title="Pisac, Peru">Pisac, Peru</a>.</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Total population</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">10–11 million</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Regions with significant populations</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/23px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/35px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/45px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a></th><td class="infobox-data">6,692,900<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Bolivia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Bolivia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Bolivia.svg/34px-Flag_of_Bolivia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Bolivia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Bolivia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="750" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Bolivia" title="Bolivia">Bolivia</a></th><td class="infobox-data">2,184,000<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_Ecuador.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ecuador.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_Ecuador.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ecuador.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_Ecuador.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ecuador.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="960" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Ecuador" title="Ecuador">Ecuador</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1,592,000<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a></th><td class="infobox-data">68,100<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a></th><td class="infobox-data">55,000<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a></th><td class="infobox-data">15,000<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Languages</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Quechuan_languages" title="Quechuan languages">Quechua</a> • <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Religion</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><b>Majority</b>:<br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg/15px-Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg/23px-Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg/30px-Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="815" data-file-height="1105" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholicism</a><br /><b>Minority</b>:<br /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output 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dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Golden_Christian_Cross.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Golden_Christian_Cross.svg/12px-Golden_Christian_Cross.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Golden_Christian_Cross.svg/18px-Golden_Christian_Cross.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Golden_Christian_Cross.svg/24px-Golden_Christian_Cross.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="744" data-file-height="1052" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Evangelicalism" title="Evangelicalism">Evangelicalism</a></li><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tawa_chakana.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Tawa_chakana.svg/15px-Tawa_chakana.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Tawa_chakana.svg/23px-Tawa_chakana.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Tawa_chakana.svg/30px-Tawa_chakana.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Incan_mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Incan mythology">Traditional</a></li><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Watchtower.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Watchtower.svg/15px-Watchtower.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Watchtower.svg/23px-Watchtower.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Watchtower.svg/30px-Watchtower.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="650" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses" title="Jehovah's Witnesses">Jehovah's Witnesses</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Related ethnic groups</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Aymara_people" title="Aymara people">Aymaras</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox" style="background:#fff6d9"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background:#fee8ab">Person</th><td class="infobox-data">Runa / Nuna</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background:#fee8ab">People</th><td class="infobox-data"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Runakuna /<br />Nunakuna</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background:#fee8ab">Language</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Quechua_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Quechua languages">Runasimi /<br />Nunasimi</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Quechua people</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/ɛ/: 'e' in 'dress'">ɛ</span><span title="/tʃ/: 'ch' in 'China'">tʃ</span><span title="/u/: 'u' in 'influence'">u</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span></span>/</a></span></span>,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span style="font-size:85%;">US also</span> <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/ɛ/: 'e' in 'dress'">ɛ</span><span title="/tʃ/: 'ch' in 'China'">tʃ</span><span title="'w' in 'wind'">w</span><span title="/ɑː/: 'a' in 'father'">ɑː</span></span>/</a></span></span>;<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Spanish:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="es-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish" title="Help:IPA/Spanish">[ˈketʃwa]</a></span>) , <b>Quichua people</b> or <b>Kichwa people</b> may refer to any of the <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_South_America" title="Indigenous peoples of South America">Indigenous peoples of South America</a> who speak the <a href="/wiki/Quechua_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Quechua languages">Quechua languages</a>, which originated among the <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_people_of_Peru" class="mw-redirect" title="Indigenous people of Peru">Indigenous people of Peru</a>. Although most Quechua speakers are native to Peru, there are some significant populations in <a href="/wiki/Ecuador" title="Ecuador">Ecuador</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bolivia" title="Bolivia">Bolivia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a>, <a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a>. </p><p>The most common Quechua dialect is <a href="/wiki/Southern_Quechua" title="Southern Quechua">Southern Quechua</a>. The Kichwa people of <a href="/wiki/Ecuador" title="Ecuador">Ecuador</a> speak the <a href="/wiki/Kichwa_language" title="Kichwa language">Kichwa dialect</a>; in Colombia, the <a href="/wiki/Inga_people" title="Inga people">Inga people</a> speak <a href="/wiki/Inga_Kichwa" title="Inga Kichwa">Inga Kichwa</a>. </p><p>The Quechua word for a Quechua speaker is <i>runa</i> or <i>nuna</i> ("person"); the plural is <i>runakuna</i> or <i>nunakuna</i> ("people"). "Quechua speakers call themselves Runa -- simply translated, "the people".<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some historical Quechua people are: </p> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Chanka_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Chanka people">Chanka people</a> lived in the <a href="/wiki/Huancavelica_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="Huancavelica Region">Huancavelica</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ayacucho_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="Ayacucho Region">Ayacucho</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Apur%C3%ADmac_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="Apurímac Region">Apurímac</a> regions of Peru.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Huanca_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Huanca people">Huanca people</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Jun%C3%ADn_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="Junín Region">Junín Region</a> of Peru spoke Quechua before the Incas did.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Inca_society" title="Inca society">Inca</a> established the largest empire of the <a href="/wiki/Pre-Columbian_era" title="Pre-Columbian era">pre-Columbian era</a>.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Chincha_culture" title="Chincha culture">Chincha</a>, an extinct merchant kingdom of the <a href="/wiki/Chincha_Islands" title="Chincha Islands">Chincha Islands</a> of Peru.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Qulla" title="Qulla">Qolla</a> inhabited the <a href="/wiki/Potos%C3%AD_Department" title="Potosí Department">Potosí</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oruro_Department" title="Oruro Department">Oruro</a>, and <a href="/wiki/La_Paz" title="La Paz">La Paz</a> departments of Bolivia.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Ca%C3%B1ari" title="Cañari">Cañari</a> of Ecuador adopted the Quechua language from the Inca.</li></ul> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Peru_-_Cusco_084_-_traditional_Andean_dance_fiesta_(6997039776).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Peru_-_Cusco_084_-_traditional_Andean_dance_fiesta_%286997039776%29.jpg/260px-Peru_-_Cusco_084_-_traditional_Andean_dance_fiesta_%286997039776%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Peru_-_Cusco_084_-_traditional_Andean_dance_fiesta_%286997039776%29.jpg/390px-Peru_-_Cusco_084_-_traditional_Andean_dance_fiesta_%286997039776%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Peru_-_Cusco_084_-_traditional_Andean_dance_fiesta_%286997039776%29.jpg/520px-Peru_-_Cusco_084_-_traditional_Andean_dance_fiesta_%286997039776%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2376" data-file-height="1584" /></a><figcaption>A traditional dance festival in <a href="/wiki/Cusco" title="Cusco">Cusco</a></figcaption></figure> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historical_and_sociopolitical_background">Historical and sociopolitical background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quechua_people&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Historical and sociopolitical background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The speakers of Quechua total some 5.1 million people in Peru, 1.8 million in Bolivia, 2.5 million in Ecuador (Hornberger and King, 2001), and according to <a href="/wiki/Ethnologue" title="Ethnologue">Ethnologue</a> (2006) 33,800 in Chile, 55,500 in Argentina, and a few hundred in Brazil. They have an only slight sense of common identity. The various Quechua <a href="/wiki/Dialects" class="mw-redirect" title="Dialects">dialects</a> are in some cases so different that mutual understanding is not possible. Quechua was spoken not only by the <a href="/wiki/Inca_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Inca people">Incas</a>, but also by long-term enemies of the <a href="/wiki/Inca_Empire" title="Inca Empire">Inca Empire</a>, including the <a href="/wiki/Huanca_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Huanca people">Huanca</a> (<a href="/wiki/Huanca_Quechua_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Huanca Quechua language">Wanka</a> is a Quechua dialect spoken today in the <a href="/wiki/Huancayo_Province" title="Huancayo Province">Huancayo area</a>) and the <a href="/wiki/Chanca_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Chanca people">Chanka</a> (the <a href="/wiki/Ayacucho_Quechua" title="Ayacucho Quechua">Chanca dialect</a> of <a href="/wiki/Ayacucho_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="Ayacucho Region">Ayacucho</a>) of Peru, and the <a href="/wiki/Ka%C3%B1ari" class="mw-redirect" title="Kañari">Kañari</a> (Cañari) in Ecuador. Quechua was spoken by some of these people, for example, the Wanka, before the Incas of <a href="/wiki/Cusco" title="Cusco">Cusco</a>, while other people, especially in Bolivia but also in Ecuador, adopted Quechua only in Inca times or afterward.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Quechua became Peru's second official language in 1969 under the military dictatorship of <a href="/wiki/Juan_Velasco_Alvarado" title="Juan Velasco Alvarado">Juan Velasco Alvarado</a>. There have been later tendencies toward nation-building among Quechua speakers, particularly in Ecuador (Kichwa) but also in Bolivia, where there are only slight linguistic differences from the original Peruvian version. An indication of this effort is the umbrella organization of the Kichwa people in Ecuador, <a href="/wiki/ECUARUNARI" title="ECUARUNARI">ECUARUNARI</a> (<i>Ecuador Runakunapak Rikcharimuy</i>). Some Christian organizations also refer to a "Quechua people", such as the Christian shortwave radio station <a href="/wiki/HCJB" title="HCJB">HCJB</a>, "The Voice of the Andes" (<i>La Voz de los Andes</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The term "Quechua Nation" occurs in such contexts as the name of the Education Council of the Quechua Nation (<i>Consejo Educativo de la Nación Quechua</i>, CENAQ), which is responsible for Quechua instruction or <a href="/wiki/Intercultural_bilingual_education" title="Intercultural bilingual education">bilingual intercultural schools</a> in the Quechua-speaking regions of Bolivia.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some Quechua speakers say that if nation-states in Latin America had been built following the European pattern, they should be a single, independent nation.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2010)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Material_culture_and_social_history">Material culture and social history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quechua_people&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Material culture and social history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Quechuawomanandchild.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Quechuawomanandchild.jpg/259px-Quechuawomanandchild.jpg" decoding="async" width="259" height="194" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Quechuawomanandchild.jpg/389px-Quechuawomanandchild.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Quechuawomanandchild.jpg/518px-Quechuawomanandchild.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>Quechua woman and child in the <a href="/wiki/Sacred_Valley" title="Sacred Valley">Sacred Valley</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dos_quechuas_con_siku_y_caja.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Dos_quechuas_con_siku_y_caja.jpg/220px-Dos_quechuas_con_siku_y_caja.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Dos_quechuas_con_siku_y_caja.jpg/330px-Dos_quechuas_con_siku_y_caja.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Dos_quechuas_con_siku_y_caja.jpg/440px-Dos_quechuas_con_siku_y_caja.jpg 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption>Quechua person playing <i><a href="/wiki/Siku_(instrument)" title="Siku (instrument)">siku</a></i> panpipe and <i>caja</i> drum in <a href="/wiki/Sucre" title="Sucre">Sucre</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Despite their ethnic diversity and linguistic distinctions, the various Quechua ethnic groups have numerous cultural characteristics in common. They also share many of these with the <a href="/wiki/Aymara_people" title="Aymara people">Aymara</a> or other Indigenous peoples of the central <a href="/wiki/Andes" title="Andes">Andes</a>. </p><p>Traditionally, Quechua identity is locally oriented and inseparably linked in each case with the established economic system. It is based on agriculture in the lower altitude regions, and on pastoral farming in the higher regions of the <a href="/wiki/Puna_(ecoregion)" class="mw-redirect" title="Puna (ecoregion)">Puna</a>. The typical Andean community extends over several altitude ranges and thus includes the cultivation of a variety of arable crops and/or livestock. The land is usually owned by the local community (<i><a href="/wiki/Ayllu" title="Ayllu">ayllu</a></i>) and is either cultivated jointly or redistributed annually. </p><p> Beginning with the colonial era and intensifying after the South American states had gained their independence, large landowners appropriated all or most of the land and forced the Native population into bondage (known in Ecuador as <i>Huasipungo</i>, from Kichwa <i>wasipunku</i>, "front door"). Harsh conditions of exploitation repeatedly led to revolts by the Indigenous farmers, which were forcibly suppressed. The largest of these <a href="/wiki/Rebellion_of_T%C3%BApac_Amaru_II" title="Rebellion of Túpac Amaru II">revolts</a> occurred in 1780–1781 under the leadership of <a href="/wiki/T%C3%BApac_Amaru_II" title="Túpac Amaru II">Husiy Qawriyil Kunturkanki</a>.</p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wool_spinning_family_Peru..jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Wool_spinning_family_Peru..jpg/220px-Wool_spinning_family_Peru..jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Wool_spinning_family_Peru..jpg/330px-Wool_spinning_family_Peru..jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Wool_spinning_family_Peru..jpg/440px-Wool_spinning_family_Peru..jpg 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="373" /></a><figcaption>Quechua woman spinning wool in Peru, with children</figcaption></figure><p>Some Indigenous farmers re-occupied their ancestors' lands and expelled the landlords during the takeover of governments by dictatorships in the middle of the 20th century, such as in 1952 in Bolivia (<a href="/wiki/V%C3%ADctor_Paz_Estenssoro" title="Víctor Paz Estenssoro">Víctor Paz Estenssoro</a>) and 1968 in Peru (<a href="/wiki/Juan_Velasco_Alvarado" title="Juan Velasco Alvarado">Juan Velasco Alvarado</a>). The agrarian reforms included the expropriation of large landowners. In Bolivia, there was a redistribution of the land to the Indigenous population as their private property. This disrupted traditional Quechua and Aymara culture based on communal ownership, but <i>ayllus</i> has been retained up to the present time in remote regions, such as in the Peruvian Quechua community of <a href="/wiki/Q%27ero" title="Q'ero">Q'ero</a>. </p><p>The struggle for land rights continues up to the present time to be a political focal point of everyday Quechua life. The Kichwa ethnic groups of Ecuador which are part of the ECUARUNARI association were recently able to regain communal land titles or the return of estates—in some cases through militant activity. Especially the case of the community of Sarayaku has become well known among the Kichwa of the lowlands, who after years of struggle were able to successfully resist expropriation and exploitation of the rain forest for <a href="/wiki/Petroleum_recovery" class="mw-redirect" title="Petroleum recovery">petroleum recovery</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2011)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>A distinction is made between two primary types of joint work. In the case of <i><a href="/wiki/Communal_work" title="Communal work">mink'a</a></i>, people work together for projects of common interest (such as the construction of communal facilities). <i><a href="/wiki/Ayni" title="Ayni">Ayni</a></i> is, in contrast, reciprocal assistance, whereby members of an <i>ayllu</i> help a family to accomplish a large private project, for example, house construction, and in turn can expect to be similarly helped later with a project of their own. </p><p>In almost all Quechua ethnic groups, many traditional handicrafts are an important aspect of <a href="/wiki/Material_culture" title="Material culture">material culture</a>. This includes a tradition of weaving handed down from Inca times or earlier, using cotton, wool (from <a href="/wiki/Llama" title="Llama">llamas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alpaca" title="Alpaca">alpacas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guanaco" title="Guanaco">guanacos</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Vicu%C3%B1a" title="Vicuña">vicuñas</a>), and a multitude of <a href="/wiki/Natural_dye" title="Natural dye">natural dyes</a>, and incorporating numerous woven patterns (<i>pallay</i>). Houses are usually constructed using air-dried clay bricks (<i>tika</i>, or in Spanish <i>adobe</i>), or branches and clay mortar ("<a href="/wiki/Wattle_and_daub" title="Wattle and daub">wattle and daub</a>"), with the roofs being covered with straw, reeds, or puna grass (<i>ichu</i>). </p><p>The disintegration of the traditional economy, for example, regionally through mining activities and accompanying <a href="/wiki/Proletarian" class="mw-redirect" title="Proletarian">proletarian</a> social structures, has usually led to a loss of both ethnic identity and the Quechua language. This is also a result of steady migration to large cities (especially <a href="/wiki/Lima" title="Lima">Lima</a>), which has resulted in <a href="/wiki/Acculturation" title="Acculturation">acculturation</a> by Hispanic society there. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Foods_and_crops">Foods and crops</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quechua_people&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Foods and crops"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:QuechuaWoman.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/QuechuaWoman.jpg/220px-QuechuaWoman.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/QuechuaWoman.jpg/330px-QuechuaWoman.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/QuechuaWoman.jpg/440px-QuechuaWoman.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="323" /></a><figcaption>Quechua woman with llamas in the <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Cusco" class="mw-redirect" title="Department of Cusco">Department of Cuzco</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gwalpaca.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Gwalpaca.jpg/220px-Gwalpaca.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="254" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Gwalpaca.jpg/330px-Gwalpaca.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Gwalpaca.jpg/440px-Gwalpaca.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1084" data-file-height="1252" /></a><figcaption>Girl, wearing indigenous clothing, with llama near <a href="/wiki/Plaza_de_Armas_(Cusco)" title="Plaza de Armas (Cusco)">Plaza de Armas</a> in Cusco</figcaption></figure> <p>Quechua people cultivate and eat a variety of foods. They domesticated potatoes, which originated in the region, and cultivated thousands of <a href="/wiki/Potato" title="Potato">potato</a> varieties, which are used for food and medicine. Climate change is threatening their potato and other traditional crops but they are undertaking conservation and adaptation efforts.<sup id="cite_ref-ipsnews.net_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ipsnews.net-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Quinoa" title="Quinoa">Quinoa</a> is another staple crop grown by the Quechua people.<sup id="cite_ref-everyculture.com_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-everyculture.com-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span title="Quechua-language text"><i lang="qu"><a href="/wiki/Ch%27arki" class="mw-redirect" title="Ch'arki">Ch’arki</a></i></span> (the origin of the English word <i><a href="/wiki/Jerky" title="Jerky">jerky</a></i>) is a dried (and sometimes salted) meat. It was traditionally made from <a href="/wiki/Llama" title="Llama">llama</a> meat that was sun- and freeze-dried in the Andean sun and cold nights, but is now also often made from horse and beef, with variation among countries.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i><a href="/wiki/Pachamanca" title="Pachamanca">Pachamanca</a></i>, a Quechua word for a <a href="/wiki/Cooking_pit" class="mw-redirect" title="Cooking pit">pit cooking</a> technique used in Peru, includes several types of meat such as chicken, beef, pork, lamb, and/or mutton; tubers such as potatoes, sweet potatoes, <a href="/wiki/Yucca" title="Yucca">yucca</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oxalis_tuberosa" title="Oxalis tuberosa"><i>uqa</i>/<i>ok’a</i></a> (<i>oca</i> in Spanish), and <a href="/wiki/Tropaeolum_tuberosum" title="Tropaeolum tuberosum">mashwa</a>; other vegetables such as maize/corn and fava beans; seasonings; and sometimes cheese in a small pot and/or <a href="/wiki/Tamales" class="mw-redirect" title="Tamales">tamales</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Guinea_pig" title="Guinea pig">Guinea pigs</a> are also raised for meat.<sup id="cite_ref-everyculture.com_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-everyculture.com-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other foods and crops include the meat of <a href="/wiki/Llama" title="Llama">llamas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alpaca" title="Alpaca">alpacas</a> as well as beans, barley, hot peppers, coriander, and peanuts.<sup id="cite_ref-ipsnews.net_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ipsnews.net-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-everyculture.com_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-everyculture.com-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Examples_of_recent_persecution_of_Quechuas">Examples of recent persecution of Quechuas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quechua_people&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Examples of recent persecution of Quechuas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Plan_Verde" title="Plan Verde">Plan Verde</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hilaria_Supa_Huam%C3%A1n.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Hilaria_Supa_Huam%C3%A1n.jpg/328px-Hilaria_Supa_Huam%C3%A1n.jpg" decoding="async" width="328" height="218" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Hilaria_Supa_Huam%C3%A1n.jpg/492px-Hilaria_Supa_Huam%C3%A1n.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Hilaria_Supa_Huam%C3%A1n.jpg/656px-Hilaria_Supa_Huam%C3%A1n.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4256" data-file-height="2832" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Hilaria_Supa" title="Hilaria Supa">Hilaria Supa</a>, human rights activist and Peruvian politician</figcaption></figure> <p>Up to the present time, Quechuas continue to be victims of political conflicts and ethnic persecution. In the <a href="/wiki/Internal_conflict_in_Peru" class="mw-redirect" title="Internal conflict in Peru">internal conflict in Peru</a> in the 1980s between the government and <i><a href="/wiki/Sendero_Luminoso" class="mw-redirect" title="Sendero Luminoso">Sendero Luminoso</a></i> about three-quarters of the estimated 70,000 death toll were Quechuas, whereas the war parties were without exception <a href="/wiki/White_people" title="White people">whites</a> and <i><a href="/wiki/Mestizo" title="Mestizo">mestizos</a></i> (people with mixed descent from both Natives and Spaniards).<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Compulsory_sterilization#Peru" title="Compulsory sterilization">forced sterilization policy</a> under Peruvian president <a href="/wiki/Alberto_Fujimori" title="Alberto Fujimori">Alberto Fujimori</a> affected almost exclusively Quechua and Aymara women, a total of about 270,000 (and 22,000 men) according to official figures.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The sterilization program lasted for over five years between 1996 and 2001. During this period, women were coerced into forced sterilization.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sterilizations were often performed under dangerous and unsanitary conditions, as the doctors were pressured to perform operations under unrealistic government quotas, which made it impossible to properly inform women and receive their consent.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Bolivian film director Jorge Sanjinés dealt with the issue of forced sterilization in 1969 in his Quechua-language feature film <i><a href="/wiki/Blood_of_the_Condor" title="Blood of the Condor">Yawar Mallku</a></i>. </p><p>Quechuas have been left out of their nation's regional economic growth in recent years. The World Bank has identified eight countries on the continent to have some of the highest inequality rates in the world. The Quechuas have been subject to these severe inequalities, as many of them have a much lower life expectancy than the regional average, and many communities lack access to basic health services.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Perceived ethnic discrimination continues to play a role at the parliamentary level. When the newly elected Peruvian members of parliament <a href="/wiki/Hilaria_Supa" title="Hilaria Supa">Hilaria Supa Huamán</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mar%C3%ADa_Sumire" title="María Sumire">María Sumire</a> swore their oath of office in Quechua—for the first time in the history of Peru in an Indigenous language—the Peruvian parliamentary president <a href="/wiki/Martha_Hildebrandt" title="Martha Hildebrandt">Martha Hildebrandt</a> and the parliamentary officer <a href="/wiki/Carlos_Torres_Caro" title="Carlos Torres Caro">Carlos Torres Caro</a> refused their acceptance.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mythology">Mythology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quechua_people&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Mythology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Practically all Quechuas in the Andes have been nominally <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic</a> since colonial times. Nevertheless, traditional religious forms persist in many regions, blended with Christian elements – a fully integrated <a href="/wiki/Syncretism" title="Syncretism">syncretism</a>. Quechua ethnic groups also share traditional religions with other Andean peoples, particularly belief in Mother Earth (<i><a href="/wiki/Pachamama" title="Pachamama">Pachamama</a></i>), who grants fertility and to whom burnt offerings and libations are regularly made. Also important are the mountain spirits (<i><a href="/wiki/Apu_(god)" title="Apu (god)">apu</a></i>) as well as lesser local deities (<i><a href="/wiki/Huaca" title="Huaca">wak'a</a></i>), who are still venerated especially in southern Peru. </p><p>The Quechuas came to terms with their repeated historical experience of tragedy in the form of various myths. These include the figure of <i>Nak'aq</i> or <i><a href="/wiki/Pishtaco" title="Pishtaco">Pishtaco</a></i> ("butcher"), the white murderer who sucks out the fat from the bodies of the Indigenous peoples he kills,<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a song about a bloody river.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In their myth of <i>Wiraquchapampa</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-Müller_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Müller-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Q'ero people describe the victory of the <i>Apus</i> over the Spaniards. Of the myths still alive today, the <i><a href="/wiki/Inkarri" title="Inkarri">Inkarrí</a></i> myth common in southern Peru is especially interesting; it forms a cultural element linking the Quechua groups throughout the region from <a href="/wiki/Ayacucho" title="Ayacucho">Ayacucho</a> to <a href="/wiki/Cusco" title="Cusco">Cusco</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Müller_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Müller-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some Quechuas consider classic products of the region such as <a href="/wiki/Corn_beer" title="Corn beer">corn beer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chicha" title="Chicha">chicha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coca" title="Coca">coca leaves</a>, and local <a href="/wiki/Potato" title="Potato">potatoes</a> as having a religious significance, but this belief is not uniform across communities. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Contribution_in_modern_medicine">Contribution in modern medicine</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quechua_people&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Contribution in modern medicine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Quinine" title="Quinine">Quinine</a>, which is found naturally in the bark of the <a href="/wiki/Cinchona" title="Cinchona">cinchona</a> tree, is known to be used by Quechuas people for <a href="/wiki/Malaria" title="Malaria">malaria</a>-like symptoms. </p><p>When chewed, <a href="/wiki/Coca" title="Coca">coca</a> acts as a mild stimulant and suppresses hunger, thirst, pain, and fatigue; it is also used to alleviate <a href="/wiki/Altitude_sickness" title="Altitude sickness">altitude sickness</a>. Coca leaves are chewed during work in the fields as well as during breaks in construction projects in Quechua provinces. Coca leaves are the raw material from which <a href="/wiki/Cocaine" title="Cocaine">cocaine</a>, one of Peru's most historically important exports, is chemically extracted. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Traditional_clothing">Traditional clothing</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quechua_people&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Traditional clothing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kichwa_Ecua_06.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Kichwa_Ecua_06.jpg/214px-Kichwa_Ecua_06.jpg" decoding="async" width="214" height="309" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Kichwa_Ecua_06.jpg/321px-Kichwa_Ecua_06.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Kichwa_Ecua_06.jpg/428px-Kichwa_Ecua_06.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1189" data-file-height="1716" /></a><figcaption>Quechua woman from <a href="/wiki/Alaus%C3%AD" title="Alausí">Alausí, Ecuador</a></figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:WomanInCusco.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/WomanInCusco.JPG/220px-WomanInCusco.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/WomanInCusco.JPG/330px-WomanInCusco.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/WomanInCusco.JPG/440px-WomanInCusco.JPG 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>Quechua woman selling souvenirs in <a href="/wiki/Cusco" title="Cusco">Cusco</a></figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Andean_textiles" title="Andean textiles">Andean textiles</a></div> <p>Many Indigenous women wear colorful traditional attire, complete with <a href="/wiki/Bowler_hat" title="Bowler hat">bowler-style hats</a>. The hat has been worn by Quechua and Aymara women since the 1920s when it was brought to the country by British railway workers. They are still commonly worn today.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The traditional dress worn by Quechua women today is a mixture of styles from Pre-Spanish days and Spanish Colonial peasant dress. Starting at puberty, Quechua girls begin wearing multiple layers of petticoats and skirts, showing off the family's wealth and making her a more desirable bride. Married women also wear multiple layers of petticoats and skirts. Younger Quechua men generally wear Western-style clothing, the most popular being synthetic football shirts and tracksuit trousers. In certain regions, women also generally wear Western-style clothing. Older men still wear dark wool knee-length handwoven bayeta pants. A woven belt called a <i>chumpi</i> which protects the lower back when working in the fields is also worn. Men's fine dress includes a woolen waistcoat, similar to a sleeveless juyuna as worn by women but referred to as a <i>chaleco</i>, and often richly decorated. </p><p>The most distinctive part of men's clothing is the handwoven <a href="/wiki/Poncho" title="Poncho">poncho</a>. Nearly every Quechua man and boy has a poncho, generally red decorated with intricate designs. Each district has a distinctive pattern. In some communities such as Huilloc, Patacancha, and many villages in the <a href="/wiki/Lares_Valley" class="mw-redirect" title="Lares Valley">Lares Valley</a> ponchos are worn as daily attire. However, most men use their ponchos on special occasions such as festivals, village meetings, weddings, etc. </p><p>As with the women, ajotas, sandals made from recycled tires, are the standard footwear. They are cheap and durable. </p><p>A <i><a href="/wiki/Chullo" title="Chullo">ch'ullu</a></i>, a knitted hat with earflaps, is frequently worn. The first ch'ullu that a child receives is traditionally knitted by their father. In the <a href="/wiki/Ausangate" title="Ausangate">Ausangate</a> region, chullos are often ornately adorned with white beads and large tassels called t'ikas. Men sometimes wear a felt hat called a <a href="/wiki/Sombrero" title="Sombrero">sombrero</a> over the top of the ch'ullu decorated with <i>centillo</i>, finely decorated hat bands. Since ancient times men have worn small woven pouches called <i>ch'uspa</i> used to carry their <a href="/wiki/Coca" title="Coca">coca</a> leaves.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Quechua-speaking_ethnic_groups">Quechua-speaking ethnic groups</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quechua_people&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Quechua-speaking ethnic groups"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Quechuan_distribution_(w_Inca_Empire).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Quechuan_distribution_%28w_Inca_Empire%29.svg/220px-Quechuan_distribution_%28w_Inca_Empire%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="324" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Quechuan_distribution_%28w_Inca_Empire%29.svg/330px-Quechuan_distribution_%28w_Inca_Empire%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Quechuan_distribution_%28w_Inca_Empire%29.svg/440px-Quechuan_distribution_%28w_Inca_Empire%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="755" /></a><figcaption>The current distribution of the Quechuan languages (solid gray) and the historical extent of the Inca Empire, Tawantinsuyu (shaded)</figcaption></figure><p>The following list of Quechua ethnic groups is only a selection and delimitations vary. In some cases, these are village communities of just a few hundred people, in other cases ethnic groups of over a million. </p><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inca" class="mw-redirect" title="Inca">Inca</a> (historic)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Peru">Peru</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quechua_people&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Peru"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Lowlands">Lowlands</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quechua_people&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Lowlands"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kichwa-Lamista_people" title="Kichwa-Lamista people">Kichwa-Lamista</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kichwa_language" title="Kichwa language">Southern Pastaza Quechua</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Highlands">Highlands</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quechua_people&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Highlands"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Huanca" title="Huanca">Huanca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chanka" title="Chanka">Chanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Q%27ero" title="Q'ero">Q'ero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taquile_Island" title="Taquile Island">Taquile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amantan%C3%AD" title="Amantaní">Amantaní</a></li> <li>Anqaras</li> <li>Huaylas</li> <li>Piscopampas</li> <li>Huaris</li> <li>Sihuas</li> <li>Ocros</li> <li>Yauyos</li> <li>Yarus</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ecuador">Ecuador</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quechua_people&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Ecuador"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Highlands_2">Highlands</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quechua_people&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Highlands"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Otavalo_people" title="Otavalo people">Otavalos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salasaca" title="Salasaca">Salasaca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puruha" class="mw-redirect" title="Puruha">Puruha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ca%C3%B1ari" title="Cañari">Cañari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panzaleo_people" title="Panzaleo people">Panzaleo</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Lowlands_2">Lowlands</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quechua_people&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Lowlands"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quijos-Quichua" title="Quijos-Quichua">Quijos-Quichua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazonian_Kichwas" title="Amazonian Kichwas">Amazonian Kichwas</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bolivia">Bolivia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quechua_people&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Bolivia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qulla" title="Qulla">Kolla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kallawaya" title="Kallawaya">Kallawaya</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quechua_people&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Notable people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%BApac_Amaru_II" title="Túpac Amaru II">Túpac Amaru II</a>, Revolutionary</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ang%C3%A9lica_Mendoza_de_Ascarza" title="Angélica Mendoza de Ascarza">Angélica Mendoza de Ascarza</a>, Human rights activist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimberly_Barzola" title="Kimberly Barzola">Kimberly Barzola</a>, community organizer and artist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Bratt" title="Benjamin Bratt">Benjamin Bratt</a>, Peruvian-American actor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manco_C%C3%A1pac" title="Manco Cápac">Manco Cápac</a>, Sapa Inca</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luzmila_Carpio" title="Luzmila Carpio">Luzmila Carpio</a>, Musician, Activist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mart%C3%ADn_Chambi" title="Martín Chambi">Martín Chambi</a>, Photographer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renata_Flores" title="Renata Flores">Renata Flores Rivera</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Musician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oswaldo_Guayasam%C3%ADn" title="Oswaldo Guayasamín">Oswaldo Guayasamín</a>, Ecuadorian painter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ollanta_Humala" title="Ollanta Humala">Ollanta Humala</a>, former President of Peru</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josh_Keaton" title="Josh Keaton">Josh Keaton</a>, Peruvian-American actor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Q%27orianka_Kilcher" title="Q'orianka Kilcher">Q'orianka Kilcher</a>, Actress</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Iza_Moreno" title="Nancy Iza Moreno">Nancy Iza Moreno</a>, Kichwa leader<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delf%C3%ADn_Quishpe" title="Delfín Quishpe">Delfín Quishpe</a>, musician, Ecuadorian politician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Izkia_Siches" title="Izkia Siches">Izkia Siches</a>, doctor, Chilean politician<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magaly_Solier" title="Magaly Solier">Magaly Solier</a>, Actress</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diego_Quispe_Tito" title="Diego Quispe Tito">Diego Quispe Tito</a>, Painter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Tito_Yupanqui" title="Francisco Tito Yupanqui">Francisco Tito Yupanqui</a>, Sculptor, Saint</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alejandro_Toledo" title="Alejandro Toledo">Alejandro Toledo</a>, former President of Peru</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quechua_people&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 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title="Chuspas">Chuspas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foot_plough#Andes" title="Foot plough">Chakitaqlla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinchaypujio_District" title="Chinchaypujio District">Chinchaypujio District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quechuan_languages" title="Quechuan languages">Quechuan languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_in_Argentina" title="Indigenous peoples in Argentina">Indigenous peoples in Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_in_Bolivia" title="Indigenous peoples in Bolivia">Indigenous peoples in Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_Peru" title="Indigenous peoples of Peru">Indigenous peoples of Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_in_Ecuador" title="Indigenous peoples in Ecuador">Indigenous peoples in Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secret_of_the_Incas" title="Secret of the Incas">Secret of the Incas</a> movie with conversation and singing in Quechua</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quechua_people&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://joshuaproject.net/countries/PE">"Peru | Joshua Project"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Peru+%26%23124%3B+Joshua+Project&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjoshuaproject.net%2Fcountries%2FPE&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuechua+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://joshuaproject.net/countries/BL">"Bolivia | Joshua Project"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bolivia+%26%23124%3B+Joshua+Project&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjoshuaproject.net%2Fcountries%2FBL&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuechua+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://joshuaproject.net/countries/EC">"Ecuador | Joshua Project"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ecuador+%26%23124%3B+Joshua+Project&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjoshuaproject.net%2Fcountries%2FEC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuechua+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://joshuaproject.net/countries/AR">"Argentina | Joshua Project"</a>.</cite><span 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 August</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ipsnews.net&rft.atitle=Climate+Change+Threatens+Quechua+and+Their+Crops+in+Peru%27s+Andes+-+Inter+Press+Service&rft.date=2014-12-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ipsnews.net%2F2014%2F12%2Fclimate-change-threatens-quechua-and-their-crops-in-perus-andes%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuechua+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.culturalsurvival.org/publications/cultural-survival-quarterly/quechua-guardians-potato">"The Quechua: Guardians of the Potato"</a>. <i>Culturalsurvival.org</i>. 15 February 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 August</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Culturalsurvival.org&rft.atitle=The+Quechua%3A+Guardians+of+the+Potato&rft.date=2012-02-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.culturalsurvival.org%2Fpublications%2Fcultural-survival-quarterly%2Fquechua-guardians-potato&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuechua+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-everyculture.com-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-everyculture.com_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-everyculture.com_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-everyculture.com_16-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.everyculture.com/wc/Norway-to-Russia/Quechua.html">"Quechua - Introduction, Location, Language, Folklore, Religion, Major holidays, Rites of passage"</a>. <i>Everyculture.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Cengage Learning. pp. 141–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-133-60864-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-133-60864-6"><bdi>978-1-133-60864-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Archaeology%3A+Down+to+Earth&rft.pages=141-&rft.pub=Cengage+Learning&rft.date=2013-01-01&rft.isbn=978-1-133-60864-6&rft.aulast=Kelly&rft.aufirst=Robert+L.&rft.au=Thomas%2C+David+Hurst&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLC0lzyqLi6gC%26pg%3DPA141&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuechua+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNobleLacasa2010" class="citation book cs1">Noble, Judith; Lacasa, Jaime (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XPDfD22JJj0C&pg=PA325"><i>Introduction to Quechua: Language of the Andes</i></a> (2nd ed.). 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 August</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Npr.org&rft.atitle=Peru%27s+Pitmasters+Bury+Their+Meat+in+the+Earth%2C+Inca-Style&rft.date=2015-06-30&rft.aulast=Yang&rft.aufirst=Ina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2Fsections%2Fthesalt%2F2015%2F06%2F30%2F418845104%2Fperus-pitmasters-bury-their-meat-in-the-earth-inca-style&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuechua+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fao.org/traditional-crops/oca/en/">"Oca"</a>. <i>Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 August</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Food+and+Agriculture+Organization+of+the+United+Nations&rft.atitle=Oca&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fao.org%2Ftraditional-crops%2Foca%2Fen%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuechua+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Orin Starn: <i>Villagers at Arms: War and Counterrevolution in the Central-South Andes</i>. In Steve Stern (ed.): <i>Shining and Other Paths: War and Society in Peru</i>, 1980–1995. Duke University Press, Durham and London, 1998, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8223-2217-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-8223-2217-X">0-8223-2217-X</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-56201575">"Peru forced sterilisations case reaches key stage"</a>. BBC News. 1 March 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Peru+forced+sterilisations+case+reaches+key+stage&rft.date=2021-03-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld-latin-america-56201575&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuechua+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarranza_Ko2020" class="citation journal cs1">Carranza Ko, Ñusta (4 September 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/gsp/vol14/iss2/8">"Making the Case for Genocide, the Forced Sterilization of Indigenous Peoples of Peru"</a>. <i>Genocide Studies and Prevention</i>. <b>14</b> (2): 90–103. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5038%2F1911-9933.14.2.1740">10.5038/1911-9933.14.2.1740</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1911-0359">1911-0359</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Genocide+Studies+and+Prevention&rft.atitle=Making+the+Case+for+Genocide%2C+the+Forced+Sterilization+of+Indigenous+Peoples+of+Peru&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=90-103&rft.date=2020-09-04&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.5038%2F1911-9933.14.2.1740&rft.issn=1911-0359&rft.aulast=Carranza+Ko&rft.aufirst=%C3%91usta&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fscholarcommons.usf.edu%2Fgsp%2Fvol14%2Fiss2%2F8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuechua+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKovarik2019" class="citation journal cs1">Kovarik, Jacquelyn (25 August 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/10714839.2019.1650481">"Silenced No More in Peru"</a>. <i>NACLA Report on the Americas</i>. <b>51</b> (3): 217–222. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F10714839.2019.1650481">10.1080/10714839.2019.1650481</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1071-4839">1071-4839</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:203153827">203153827</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NACLA+Report+on+the+Americas&rft.atitle=Silenced+No+More+in+Peru&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=217-222&rft.date=2019-08-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A203153827%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1071-4839&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F10714839.2019.1650481&rft.aulast=Kovarik&rft.aufirst=Jacquelyn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tandfonline.com%2Fdoi%2Ffull%2F10.1080%2F10714839.2019.1650481&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuechua+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2014/04/16/discriminados-por-hablar-su-idioma-natal-peru-quechua">"Discriminated against for speaking their own language"</a>. <i>World Bank</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+Bank&rft.atitle=Discriminated+against+for+speaking+their+own+language&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldbank.org%2Fen%2Fnews%2Ffeature%2F2014%2F04%2F16%2Fdiscriminados-por-hablar-su-idioma-natal-peru-quechua&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuechua+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.servindi.org/archivo/2006/927">"Archivo - Servindi - Servicios de Comunicación Intercultural"</a>. <i>Servindi.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 August</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Servindi.org&rft.atitle=Archivo+-+Servindi+-+Servicios+de+Comunicaci%C3%B3n+Intercultural&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.servindi.org%2Farchivo%2F2006%2F927&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuechua+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Examples (<a href="/wiki/Ancash_Quechua" title="Ancash Quechua">Ancash Quechua</a> with Spanish translation) at <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071219230032/http://celia.cnrs.fr/FichExt/Am/A_25_09.htm">"Kichwa kwintukuna patsaatsinan"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://celia.cnrs.fr/FichExt/Am/A_25_09.htm">the original</a> on 19 December 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 May</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kichwa+kwintukuna+patsaatsinan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcelia.cnrs.fr%2FFichExt%2FAm%2FA_25_09.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuechua+people" class="Z3988"></span> and (in <a href="/wiki/Chanka_Quechua" class="mw-redirect" title="Chanka Quechua">Chanka Quechua</a>) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100312005148/http://www.runasimi.de/nakaq.htm">"Nakaq (Nak'aq)"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.runasimi.de/nakaq.htm">the original</a> on 12 March 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 May</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nakaq+%28Nak%27aq%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.runasimi.de%2Fnakaq.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuechua+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Karneval von Tambobamba</i>. In: José María Arguedas: <i>El sueño del pongo, cuento quechua y Canciones quechuas tradicionales</i>. Editorial Universitaria, Santiago de Chile 1969. Online: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090605011216/http://www.runasimi.de/takikuna.htm">"Runasimipi Takikuna"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.runasimi.de/takikuna.htm#tambubamba">the original</a> on 5 June 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 May</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Runasimipi+Takikuna&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.runasimi.de%2Ftakikuna.htm%23tambubamba&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuechua+people" class="Z3988"></span> (auf Chanka-Quechua). German translation in: Juliane Bambula Diaz and Mario Razzeto: <i>Ketschua-Lyrik</i>. Reclam, Leipzig 1976, p. 172</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Müller-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Müller_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Müller_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Thomas Müller and Helga Müller-Herbon: <i>Die Kinder der Mitte</i>. Die Q'ero-Indianer. Lamuv Verlag, Göttingen 1993, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-88977-049-5" title="Special:BookSources/3-88977-049-5">3-88977-049-5</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJacobs" class="citation web cs1">Jacobs, Philip. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.runasimi.de/inkarri.htm">"Inkarrí (Inkarriy, Inka Rey) - Q'iru (Q'ero), Pukyu, Wamanqa llaqtakunamanta"</a>. <i>Runasimi.de</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 August</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Runasimi.de&rft.atitle=Inkarr%C3%AD+%28Inkarriy%2C+Inka+Rey%29+-+Q%27iru+%28Q%27ero%29%2C+Pukyu%2C+Wamanqa+llaqtakunamanta&rft.aulast=Jacobs&rft.aufirst=Philip&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.runasimi.de%2Finkarri.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuechua+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Juliane Bambula Diaz und Mario Razzeto: Ketschua-Lyrik. Reclam, Leipzig 1976, pp. 231 ff.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110910022411/http://dontforgetyourlaptop.com/2011/04/bolivia-lapaz-tiwanaku/">"La Paz and Tiwanaku: colour, bowler hats and llama fetuses - Don't Forget Your Laptop!"</a>. 10 September 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dontforgetyourlaptop.com/2011/04/bolivia-lapaz-tiwanaku/">the original</a> on 10 September 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 August</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=La+Paz+and+Tiwanaku%3A+colour%2C+bowler+hats+and+llama+fetuses+-+Don%27t+Forget+Your+Laptop%21&rft.date=2011-09-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdontforgetyourlaptop.com%2F2011%2F04%2Fbolivia-lapaz-tiwanaku%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuechua+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.myperu.org/traditional_clothing_peru.html">"My Peru - A Guide to the Culture and Traditions of the Andean Communities of Peru"</a>. <i>Myperu.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 August</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Myperu.org&rft.atitle=My+Peru+-+A+Guide+to+the+Culture+and+Traditions+of+the+Andean+Communities+of+Peru&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.myperu.org%2Ftraditional_clothing_peru.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuechua+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarrientos" class="citation web cs1">Barrientos, Brenda. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.refinery29.com/en-us/2020/10/10036118/renata-flores-peru-quechuan-music-indigineous-culture">"Renata Flores & Her Music Are An Act of Indigenous Resistance"</a>. <i>www.refinery29.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.refinery29.com&rft.atitle=Renata+Flores+%26+Her+Music+Are+An+Act+of+Indigenous+Resistance&rft.aulast=Barrientos&rft.aufirst=Brenda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.refinery29.com%2Fen-us%2F2020%2F10%2F10036118%2Frenata-flores-peru-quechuan-music-indigineous-culture&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuechua+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.isuma.tv/indigenous-peoples-issues-and-resources/women-indigenous-leaders-gain-ground-in-latin-america">Isuma TV</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <p>Dixon, Melissa, "Against all odds: UM grad charts new course with $90,000 fellowship" <sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quechua_people&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output 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font-weight:bold;">Qhichwa</span></a> (<a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Quechua" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Quechua">category</a>)</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/40px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="37" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/60px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/80px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="103" data-file-height="94" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><i><b><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="qu:"> Southern Quechua edition</a></b></i> of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a>, the free encyclopedia</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.peoplesoftheworld.org/text?people=Quichua">Quichua</a>, Peoples of the World Foundation</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130416012105/http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/country,,MRGI,,BOL,,49749d5128,0.html">World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples - Bolivia : Highland Aymara and Quechua</a>, UNHCR</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ancestry_and_ethnicity_in_Argentina" title="Template:Ancestry and ethnicity in Argentina"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ancestry_and_ethnicity_in_Argentina" title="Template talk:Ancestry and ethnicity in Argentina"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ancestry_and_ethnicity_in_Argentina" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ancestry and ethnicity in Argentina"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ancestry_and_ethnicity_in_Argentina" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_of_Argentina" title="Ethnic groups of Argentina">Ancestry and ethnicity in Argentina</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Ancestral background of <a href="/wiki/Argentines" title="Argentines">Argentine citizens</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Afro-Argentines" title="Afro-Argentines">Africa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angolan_Argentine" class="mw-redirect" title="Angolan Argentine">Angolan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Verdean_Argentine" class="mw-redirect" title="Cape Verdean Argentine">Cape Verdean</a></li> <li><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inmigraci%C3%B3n_senegalesa_en_Argentina" class="extiw" title="es:Inmigración senegalesa en Argentina">Senegalese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_Argentines" title="South African Argentines">South African</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_in_Argentina" title="Indigenous peoples in Argentina">Indigenous</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abip%C3%B3n_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Abipón people">Abipón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chan%C3%A9_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Chané people">Chané</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capay%C3%A1n" title="Capayán">Capayán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diaguita" title="Diaguita">Diaguita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guaran%C3%AD_people" title="Guaraní people">Guaraní</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huarpe_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Huarpe people">Huarpe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qulla_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Qulla people">Kolla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mapuche" title="Mapuche">Mapuche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mocov%C3%AD" title="Mocoví">Mocoví</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nivacl%C3%A9_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Nivaclé people">Nivaclé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pehuenche_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Pehuenche people">Pehuenche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poya_people" title="Poya people">Poya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toba_people" title="Toba people">Qom</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Quechua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quilmes_people" title="Quilmes people">Quilmes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selk%27nam_people" title="Selk'nam people">Selk'nam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tehuelche_people" title="Tehuelche people">Tehuelche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teushen" title="Teushen">Teushen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non Indigenous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Americans_in_Argentina" title="Americans in Argentina">American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolivian_Argentines" title="Bolivian Argentines">Bolivian</a></li> <li><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inmigraci%C3%B3n_brasile%C3%B1a_en_Argentina" class="extiw" title="es:Inmigración brasileña en Argentina">Brazilian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_Argentines" title="Colombian Argentines">Colombian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilean_Argentines" title="Chilean Argentines">Chilean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Argentines" title="Dominican Argentines">Dominican</a></li> <li><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inmigraci%C3%B3n_mexicana_en_Argentina" class="extiw" title="es:Inmigración mexicana en Argentina">Mexican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paraguayan_Argentines" title="Paraguayan Argentines">Paraguayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peruvian_Argentines" title="Peruvian Argentines">Peruvian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uruguayans_in_Argentina" class="mw-redirect" title="Uruguayans in Argentina">Uruguayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezuelan_Argentines" title="Venezuelan Argentines">Venezuelan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Asian_Argentines" title="Asian Argentines">Asia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Argentines" title="Arab Argentines">Arab</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lebanese_Argentines" title="Lebanese Argentines">Lebanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Argentines" title="Syrian Argentines">Syrian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Argentine" class="mw-redirect" title="Armenian Argentine">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Argentines" title="Chinese Argentines">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Argentina" title="Indians in Argentina">Indian</a></li> <li><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inmigraci%C3%B3n_israel%C3%AD_en_Argentina" class="extiw" title="es:Inmigración israelí en Argentina">Israeli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Argentines" title="Japanese Argentines">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koreans_in_Argentina" title="Koreans in Argentina">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inmigraci%C3%B3n_gitana_en_Argentina" class="extiw" title="es:Inmigración gitana en Argentina">Roma (Gypsy)</a></li> <li><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inmigraci%C3%B3n_taiwanesa_en_Argentina" class="extiw" title="es:Inmigración taiwanesa en Argentina">Taiwanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Argentines" title="Turkish Argentines">Turkish</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Argentines_of_European_descent" title="Argentines of European descent">Europe</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By religious beliefs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mennonites_in_Argentina" title="Mennonites in Argentina">Mennonite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Argentina" title="History of the Jews in Argentina">Jewish</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">By region<br />and country</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal;">Central</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_Argentines" title="Austrian Argentines">Austrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czechs_in_Argentina" title="Czechs in Argentina">Czech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Argentine" class="mw-redirect" title="German Argentine">German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Argentines" title="Hungarian Argentines">Hungarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Argentine" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish Argentine">Polish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovene_Argentines" title="Slovene Argentines">Slovene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Argentines" title="Swiss Argentines">Swiss</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal;">Eastern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_Argentines" title="Belarusian Argentines">Belarusian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Argentines" title="Russian Argentines">Russian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Argentines" title="Ukrainian Argentines">Ukrainian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal;">Northern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Baltic <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_Argentines" title="Estonian Argentines">Estonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_Argentine" class="mw-redirect" title="Latvian Argentine">Latvian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Argentines" title="Lithuanian Argentines">Lithuanian</a></li></ul></li> <li>Nordic <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Danish_Argentine" class="mw-redirect" title="Danish Argentine">Danish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_Argentine" class="mw-redirect" title="Finnish Argentine">Finnish</a></li> <li>Icelandic</li> <li>Norwegian</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_Argentine" class="mw-redirect" title="Swedish Argentine">Swedish</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal;">Southeast</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inmigraci%C3%B3n_albanesa_en_Argentina" class="extiw" title="es:Inmigración albanesa en Argentina">Albanian</a></li> <li><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inmigraci%C3%B3n_b%C3%BAlgara_en_Argentina" class="extiw" title="es:Inmigración búlgara en Argentina">Bulgarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_Argentines" title="Croatian Argentines">Croatian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Argentines" title="Greek Argentines">Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_Argentine" class="mw-redirect" title="Macedonian Argentine">Macedonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montenegrin_Argentine" class="mw-redirect" title="Montenegrin Argentine">Montenegrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Argentine" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanian Argentine">Romanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argentines_of_Serb_descent" title="Argentines of Serb descent">Serbian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal;">Southern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iberic" class="mw-redirect" title="Iberic">Iberic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_immigration_to_Argentina" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish immigration to Argentina">Spanish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basque_Argentine" class="mw-redirect" title="Basque Argentine">Basque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Argentine" class="mw-redirect" title="Portuguese Argentine">Portuguese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Argentines" title="Italian Argentines">Italian</a></li> <li>Maltese</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal;">Western</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Belgian</li> <li>British <ul><li><a href="/wiki/English_Argentines" title="English Argentines">English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Argentine" class="mw-redirect" title="Scottish Argentine">Scottish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Y_Wladfa" title="Y Wladfa">Welsh</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Argentine" class="mw-redirect" title="Dutch Argentine">Dutch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Argentines" title="French Argentines">French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Argentine" class="mw-redirect" title="Irish Argentine">Irish</a></li> <li>Luxembourgian</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal;">All</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argentines_of_European_descent" title="Argentines of European descent">European immigration to Argentina</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Bolivians" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Bolivian_people" title="Template:Bolivian people"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Bolivian_people" title="Template talk:Bolivian people"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Bolivian_people" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Bolivian people"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Bolivians" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Bolivians" title="Bolivians">Bolivians</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_in_Bolivia" title="Indigenous peoples in Bolivia">Indigenous</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aymara_people" title="Aymara people">Aymara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayoreo" title="Ayoreo">Ayoreo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baure_people" title="Baure people">Baure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bororo" title="Bororo">Bororo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canichana_people" title="Canichana people">Canichana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cayubaba_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Cayubaba people">Cayubaba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A1cobo_people" title="Chácobo people">Chácobo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chan%C3%A9" title="Chané">Chané</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiquitano" title="Chiquitano">Chiquitano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ese_Ejja_people" title="Ese Ejja people">Ese Ejja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guaran%C3%AD_people" title="Guaraní people">Guaraní</a> (<a href="/wiki/Eastern_Bolivian_Guaran%C3%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Bolivian Guaraní">Eastern Bolivian Guaraní</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guarayos" title="Guarayos">Guarayos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guat%C3%B3_people" title="Guató people">Guató</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lupaca" title="Lupaca">Lupaca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Machinere" title="Machinere">Machinere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maropa_people" title="Maropa people">Maropa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moje%C3%B1os" title="Mojeños">Mojeño</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Movima_people" title="Movima people">Movima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nivacl%C3%A9" title="Nivaclé">Nivaclé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacahuara" title="Pacahuara">Pacahuara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pauserna" title="Pauserna">Pauserna</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Quechua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qulla" title="Qulla">Qulla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sirion%C3%B3" title="Sirionó">Sirionó</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tacana_people" title="Tacana people">Tacana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toba_people" title="Toba people">Toba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toromona" title="Toromona">Toromona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsiman%C3%A9" title="Tsimané">Tsimané</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uru_people" title="Uru people">Uru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wich%C3%AD" title="Wichí">Wichí</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaminaw%C3%A1" title="Yaminawá">Yaminawá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuqui" title="Yuqui">Yuqui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuracar%C3%A9_people" title="Yuracaré people">Yuracaré</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bolivians_of_European_descent" class="mw-redirect" title="Bolivians of European descent">European</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_Bolivians" title="Croatian Bolivians">Croatian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Bolivians" title="German Bolivians">German</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mennonites_in_Bolivia" title="Mennonites in Bolivia">Ethnic Mennonite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Bolivians" title="Italian Bolivians">Italian</a></li> <li><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inmigraci%C3%B3n_espa%C3%B1ola_en_Bolivia" class="extiw" title="es:Inmigración española en Bolivia">Spanish</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Bolivians" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese Bolivians">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Bolivia" title="History of the Jews in Bolivia">Jewish</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inmigraci%C3%B3n_argentina_en_Bolivia" class="extiw" title="es:Inmigración argentina en Bolivia">Argentine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilians_in_Bolivia" class="mw-redirect" title="Brazilians in Bolivia">Brazilian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uruguayans_in_Bolivia" class="mw-redirect" title="Uruguayans in Bolivia">Uruguayan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afro-Bolivian" class="mw-redirect" title="Afro-Bolivian">African</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Category:Ethnic_groups_in_Bolivia" title="Category:Ethnic groups in Bolivia">Category:Ethnic groups in Bolivia</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ancestry_and_ethnicity_in_Chile" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ancestry_and_ethnicity_in_Chile" title="Template:Ancestry and ethnicity in Chile"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ancestry_and_ethnicity_in_Chile" title="Template talk:Ancestry and ethnicity in Chile"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ancestry_and_ethnicity_in_Chile" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ancestry and ethnicity in Chile"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ancestry_and_ethnicity_in_Chile" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Chileans" title="Chileans">Ancestry and ethnicity in Chile</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Indigenous_peoples" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_in_Chile" title="Indigenous peoples in Chile">Indigenous peoples</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10.0em">Araucanian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cuncos" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuncos">Cunco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huilliche_people" title="Huilliche people">Huilliche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mapuche" title="Mapuche">Mapuche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moluche" title="Moluche">Moluche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pehuenche_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Pehuenche people">Pehuenche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picunche" title="Picunche">Picunche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puelche_people" title="Puelche people">Puelche</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10.0em">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aymara_people" title="Aymara people">Aimara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atacama_people" title="Atacama people">Atacameño</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diaguita" title="Diaguita">Diaguita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alacaluf_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Alacaluf people">Kaweshkar</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Quechuas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qulla" title="Qulla">Qulla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapa_Nui_people" title="Rapa Nui people">Rapanui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selk%27nam_people" title="Selk'nam people">Selk'nam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tehuelche_people" title="Tehuelche people">Tehuelche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaghan_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Yaghan people">Yaghan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Immigration" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Chile" title="Immigration to Chile">Immigration</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10.0em">European</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inmigraci%C3%B3n_austr%C3%ADaca_en_Chile" class="extiw" title="es:Inmigración austríaca en Chile">Austrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basque_Chileans" title="Basque Chileans">Basque</a></li> <li><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inmigraci%C3%B3n_belga_en_Chile" class="extiw" title="es:Inmigración belga en Chile">Belgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Chileans" title="British Chileans">British</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/English_Chileans" title="English Chileans">English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Chileans" title="Scottish Chileans">Scottish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Chileans" title="Welsh Chileans">Welsh</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_Chileans" title="Croatian Chileans">Croatian</a></li> <li><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inmigraci%C3%B3n_checa_en_Chile" class="extiw" title="es:Inmigración checa en Chile">Czech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Chileans" title="Dutch Chileans">Dutch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Chileans" title="French Chileans">French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Chileans" title="German Chileans">German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greeks_in_Chile" title="Greeks in Chile">Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarians_in_Chile" title="Hungarians in Chile">Hungarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Chileans" title="Irish Chileans">Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Chileans" title="Italian Chileans">Italian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Chileans" title="Polish Chileans">Polish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Chileans" title="Russian Chileans">Russian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Chileans" title="Spanish Chileans">Spanish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Chileans" title="Swiss Chileans">Swiss</a></li></ul> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10.0em">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afro-Chileans" title="Afro-Chileans">African</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Americans_and_Canadians_in_Chile" title="Americans and Canadians in Chile">Americans & Canadians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Chileans" title="Arab Chileans">Arab</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lebanese_Chileans" title="Lebanese Chileans">Lebanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinians_in_Chile" title="Palestinians in Chile">Palestinian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argentines_in_Chile" title="Argentines in Chile">Argentines</a></li> <li><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inmigraci%C3%B3n_armenia_en_Chile" class="extiw" title="es:Inmigración armenia en Chile">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inmigraci%C3%B3n_boliviana_en_Chile" class="extiw" title="es:Inmigración boliviana en Chile">Bolivian</a></li> <li><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inmigraci%C3%B3n_brasile%C3%B1a_en_Chile" class="extiw" title="es:Inmigración brasileña en Chile">Brazilian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_people_in_Chile" title="Chinese people in Chile">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inmigraci%C3%B3n_colombiana_en_Chile" class="extiw" title="es:Inmigración colombiana en Chile">Colombian</a></li> <li><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inmigraci%C3%B3n_dominicana_en_Chile" class="extiw" title="es:Inmigración dominicana en Chile">Dominican</a></li> <li><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inmigraci%C3%B3n_filipina_en_Chile" class="extiw" title="es:Inmigración filipina en Chile">Filipino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haitian_Chileans" title="Haitian Chileans">Haitian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Chile" title="Indians in Chile">Indian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Chileans" title="Japanese Chileans">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Chile" title="History of the Jews in Chile">Jewish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koreans_in_Chile" title="Koreans in Chile">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_immigration_to_Chile" title="Mexican immigration to Chile">Mexican</a></li> <li><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inmigraci%C3%B3n_paraguaya_en_Chile" class="extiw" title="es:Inmigración paraguaya en Chile">Paraguayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peruvians_in_Chile" title="Peruvians in Chile">Peruvian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_diaspora#Chile" title="Romani diaspora">Romani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uruguayan_Chileans" title="Uruguayan Chileans">Uruguayan</a></li> <li><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inmigraci%C3%B3n_venezolana_en_Chile" class="extiw" title="es:Inmigración venezolana en Chile">Venezuelan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Category:Ethnic_groups_in_Chile" title="Category:Ethnic groups in Chile">Category:Ethnic groups in Chile</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ancestry_and_ethnicity_in_Colombia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ancestry_and_ethnicity_in_Colombia" title="Template:Ancestry and ethnicity in Colombia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ancestry_and_ethnicity_in_Colombia" title="Template talk:Ancestry and ethnicity in Colombia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ancestry_and_ethnicity_in_Colombia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ancestry and ethnicity in Colombia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ancestry_and_ethnicity_in_Colombia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Colombians#Ethnic_groups" title="Colombians">Ancestry and ethnicity in Colombia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_in_Colombia" title="Indigenous peoples in Colombia">Indigenous</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Achagua_people" title="Achagua people">Achagua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andaqu%C3%AD_people" title="Andaquí people">Andaquí</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andoque_people" title="Andoque people">Andoque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arhuaco" title="Arhuaco">Arhuaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Awa-Kwaiker" title="Awa-Kwaiker">Awa-Kwaiker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baniwa" title="Baniwa">Baniwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barasana" title="Barasana">Barasana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bora_people" title="Bora people">Bora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bar%C3%AD_people" title="Barí people">Barí</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calima_culture" title="Calima culture">Calima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cams%C3%A1_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Camsá people">Camsá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cauca_culture" title="Cauca culture">Cauca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carabayo" title="Carabayo">Carabayo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carijona" title="Carijona">Carijona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chimila_people" title="Chimila people">Chimila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chitarero" title="Chitarero">Chitarero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocamilla" title="Cocamilla">Cocamilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cof%C3%A1n_people" title="Cofán people">Cofán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cubeo_people" title="Cubeo people">Cubeo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ember%C3%A1_people" title="Emberá people">Emberá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Embera-Wounaan" title="Embera-Wounaan">Embera-Wounaan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guahibo_people" title="Guahibo people">Guahibo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guambiano" title="Guambiano">Guambiano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guane_people" title="Guane people">Guane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guna_people" title="Guna people">Guna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiwi_people" title="Hiwi people">Hiwi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hupda_people" title="Hupda people">Hupda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inga_people" title="Inga people">Inga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kankuamo_people" title="Kankuamo people">Kankuamo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kogi_people" title="Kogi people">Kogi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lache_people" title="Lache people">Lache</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macuna" title="Macuna">Macuna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mokan%C3%A1" title="Mokaná">Mokaná</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muisca" title="Muisca">Muisca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muzo_people" title="Muzo people">Muzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nukak" title="Nukak">Nukak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nutabe" title="Nutabe">Nutabe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paez_people" title="Paez people">Paez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panche_people" title="Panche people">Panche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pat%C3%A1ngoro_people" title="Patángoro people">Patángoro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piaroa_people" title="Piaroa people">Piaroa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pijao_people" title="Pijao people">Pijao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pira-tapuya" title="Pira-tapuya">Pira-tapuya</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Quechua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quimbaya" title="Quimbaya">Quimbaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siona_people" title="Siona people">Siona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siriano" title="Siriano">Siriano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sutagao_people" title="Sutagao people">Sutagao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taham%C3%AD_people" title="Tahamí people">Tahamí</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tairona" title="Tairona">Tairona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tariana_people" title="Tariana people">Tariana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tegua_people" title="Tegua people">Tegua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ticuna" title="Ticuna">Ticuna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tinigua" title="Tinigua">Tinigua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tucano_people" title="Tucano people">Tucano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U%27wa_people" title="U'wa people">U'wa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wayuu_people" title="Wayuu people">Wayuu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witoto" title="Witoto">Witoto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiwa_people" title="Wiwa people">Wiwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yagua" title="Yagua">Yagua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yarigui_people" title="Yarigui people">Yarigui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yukpa_people" title="Yukpa people">Yukpa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zen%C3%BA" title="Zenú">Zenú</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-indigenous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Argentine_Colombians&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Argentine Colombians (page does not exist)">Argentine</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inmigraci%C3%B3n_argentina_en_Colombia" class="extiw" title="es:Inmigración argentina en Colombia">es</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezuelan_Colombians" class="mw-redirect" title="Venezuelan Colombians">Venezuelan</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inmigraci%C3%B3n_venezolana_en_Colombia" class="extiw" title="es:Inmigración venezolana en Colombia">es</a>]</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Asian_Colombians" title="Asian Colombians">Asia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Colombians" title="Arab Colombians">Arab</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lebanese_Colombians" title="Lebanese Colombians">Lebanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Colombians" title="Syrian Colombians">Syrian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Colombians" class="mw-redirect" title="Armenian Colombians">Armenian</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inmigraci%C3%B3n_armenia_en_Colombia" class="extiw" title="es:Inmigración armenia en Colombia">es</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Colombians" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese Colombians">Chinese</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inmigraci%C3%B3n_china_en_Colombia" class="extiw" title="es:Inmigración china en Colombia">es</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_Colombians&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Indian Colombians (page does not exist)">Indian</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inmigraci%C3%B3n_india_en_Colombia" class="extiw" title="es:Inmigración india en Colombia">es</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_Colombians" class="mw-redirect" title="Iranian Colombians">Iranian</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inmigraci%C3%B3n_iran%C3%AD_en_Colombia" class="extiw" title="es:Inmigración iraní en Colombia">es</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Colombians" title="Japanese Colombians">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korean_Colombians&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Korean Colombians (page does not exist)">Korean</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inmigraci%C3%B3n_coreana_en_Colombia" class="extiw" title="es:Inmigración coreana en Colombia">es</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Colombians" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkish Colombians">Turkish</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inmigraci%C3%B3n_turca_en_Colombia" class="extiw" title="es:Inmigración turca en Colombia">es</a>]</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/White_Colombians" title="White Colombians">Europe</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_Colombians" class="mw-redirect" title="Austrian Colombians">Austrian</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inmigraci%C3%B3n_austr%C3%ADaca_en_Colombia" class="extiw" title="es:Inmigración austríaca en Colombia">es</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgian_Colombians" class="mw-redirect" title="Belgian Colombians">Belgian</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inmigraci%C3%B3n_belga_en_Colombia" class="extiw" title="es:Inmigración belga en Colombia">es</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Colombians" class="mw-redirect" title="British Colombians">British</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inmigraci%C3%B3n_brit%C3%A1nica_en_Colombia" class="extiw" title="es:Inmigración británica en Colombia">es</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_Colombians" class="mw-redirect" title="Croatian Colombians">Croatian</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inmigraci%C3%B3n_croata_en_Colombia" class="extiw" title="es:Inmigración croata en Colombia">es</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Colombians" class="mw-redirect" title="Czech Colombians">Czech</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inmigraci%C3%B3n_checa_en_Colombia" class="extiw" title="es:Inmigración checa en Colombia">es</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dutch_Colombians&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dutch Colombians (page does not exist)">Dutch</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inmigraci%C3%B3n_neerlandesa_en_Colombia" class="extiw" title="es:Inmigración neerlandesa en Colombia">es</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Colombian" title="French Colombian">French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Colombian" class="mw-redirect" title="German Colombian">German</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mennonites_in_Colombia" title="Mennonites in Colombia">Mennonite</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Colombians" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek Colombians">Greek</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inmigraci%C3%B3n_griega_en_Colombia" class="extiw" title="es:Inmigración griega en Colombia">es</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Colombians" class="mw-redirect" title="Hungarian Colombians">Hungarian</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inmigraci%C3%B3n_h%C3%BAngara_en_Colombia" class="extiw" title="es:Inmigración húngara en Colombia">es</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Colombians" class="mw-redirect" title="Irish Colombians">Irish</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inmigraci%C3%B3n_irlandesa_en_Colombia" class="extiw" title="es:Inmigración irlandesa en Colombia">es</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Colombian" title="Italian Colombian">Italian</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lithuanian_Colombians&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lithuanian Colombians (page does not exist)">Lithuanian</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inmigraci%C3%B3n_lituana_en_Colombia" class="extiw" title="es:Inmigración lituana en Colombia">es</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Colombians" title="Polish Colombians">Polish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Colombians" class="mw-redirect" title="Portuguese Colombians">Portuguese</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inmigraci%C3%B3n_portuguesa_en_Colombia" class="extiw" title="es:Inmigración portuguesa en Colombia">es</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Colombians" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanian Colombians">Romanian</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inmigraci%C3%B3n_rumana_en_Colombia" class="extiw" title="es:Inmigración rumana en Colombia">es</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Colombians" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Colombians">Russian</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inmigraci%C3%B3n_rusa_en_Colombia" class="extiw" title="es:Inmigración rusa en Colombia">es</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scandinavian_Colombians" class="mw-redirect" title="Scandinavian Colombians">Scandinavian</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inmigraci%C3%B3n_n%C3%B3rdica_en_Colombia" class="extiw" title="es:Inmigración nórdica en Colombia">es</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Slovene_Colombians&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Slovene Colombians (page does not exist)">Slovene</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inmigraci%C3%B3n_eslovena_en_Colombia" class="extiw" title="es:Inmigración eslovena en Colombia">es</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Colombian" title="Spanish Colombian">Spanish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basque_Colombians" title="Basque Colombians">Basque</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Colombians" class="mw-redirect" title="Swiss Colombians">Swiss</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inmigraci%C3%B3n_suiza_en_Colombia" class="extiw" title="es:Inmigración suiza en Colombia">es</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Colombians" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrainian Colombians">Ukrainian</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inmigraci%C3%B3n_ucraniana_en_Colombia" class="extiw" title="es:Inmigración ucraniana en Colombia">es</a>]</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afro-Colombians" title="Afro-Colombians">African</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Colombia" title="History of the Jews in Colombia">Jewish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mestizo_Colombians" title="Mestizo Colombians">Mestizo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_Colombia" title="Romani people in Colombia">Romani</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt><span class="nobold">See also</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_Colombians" title="List of Colombians">Lists of Colombians</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Race_and_ethnicity_in_Colombia" title="Race and ethnicity in Colombia">Race and ethnicity in Colombia</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_Ancestry_and_ethnicity_in_Peru" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ancestry_and_ethnicity_in_Peru" title="Template:Ancestry and ethnicity in Peru"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ancestry_and_ethnicity_in_Peru" title="Template talk:Ancestry and ethnicity in Peru"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ancestry_and_ethnicity_in_Peru" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ancestry and ethnicity in Peru"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_Ancestry_and_ethnicity_in_Peru" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/23px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/35px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/45px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Peruvians#Ethnic_structure_of_Peru" title="Peruvians">Ancestry and ethnicity</a> in <a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_Peru" title="Indigenous peoples of Peru">Indigenous</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.0em">Andean</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aymara_people" title="Aymara people">Aymara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huanca" title="Huanca">Huancas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maina_people" title="Maina people">Maina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Q%27ero" title="Q'ero">Q'ero</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Quechuas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uru_people" title="Uru people">Uros</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.0em">Amazonian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Achuar" title="Achuar">Achuar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aguano" title="Aguano">Aguano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aguaruna_people" title="Aguaruna people">Aguaruna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amahuaca" title="Amahuaca">Amahuaca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ash%C3%A1ninka" title="Asháninka">Asháninka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bora_people" title="Bora people">Bora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canelos-Quichua" title="Canelos-Quichua">Canelos-Quichua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cashibo_people" title="Cashibo people">Cashibo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harakmbut" title="Harakmbut">Harakmbut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huambisa" title="Huambisa">Huambisas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jibito" title="Jibito">Jibitos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jivaroan_peoples" title="Jivaroan peoples">Jíbaro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kichwa-Lamista_people" title="Kichwa-Lamista people">Kichwa-Lamista</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Machiguenga" title="Machiguenga">Machiguenga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mats%C3%A9s" title="Matsés">Matsés (Mayoruna)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quijos-Quichua" title="Quijos-Quichua">Quijos-Quichua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A1para" title="Sápara">Sápara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secoya" title="Secoya">Secoya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shipibo-Conibo" title="Shipibo-Conibo">Shipibo-Conibo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urarina" title="Urarina">Urarina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yagua" title="Yagua">Yagua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yanesha_people" title="Yanesha people">Yanesha</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Peru" title="Immigration to Peru">Non-indigenous</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.0em"><a href="/wiki/Peruvians_of_European_descent" title="Peruvians of European descent">European</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Peruvians" title="British Peruvians">British</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_Peruvians" title="Croatian Peruvians">Croatian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Peruvians" title="French Peruvians">French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Peruvians" title="German Peruvians">German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Peruvians" title="Italian Peruvians">Italian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Peruvians" title="Polish Peruvians">Polish</a></li> <li><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inmigraci%C3%B3n_portuguesa_en_el_Per%C3%BA" class="extiw" title="es:Inmigración portuguesa en el Perú">Portuguese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_immigration_to_Peru" title="Spanish immigration to Peru">Spanish</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.0em"><a href="/wiki/Asian_Peruvians" title="Asian Peruvians">Asian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Peruvians" title="Chinese Peruvians">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Peru" title="Indians in Peru">Indian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Peruvians" title="Japanese Peruvians">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Peru" title="History of the Jews in Peru">Jews</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/B%27nai_Moshe" title="B'nai Moshe">B'nai Moshe</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koreans_in_Peru" title="Koreans in Peru">Korean</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.0em">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Peruvians" title="Black Peruvians">African</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Peruvians" title="Arab Peruvians">Arab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mestizo" title="Mestizo">Mestizo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_people" title="Romani people">Romani people</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Category:Ethnic_groups_in_Peru" title="Category:Ethnic groups in Peru">Category:Ethnic groups in Peru</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ancestry_and_ethnicity_in_Ecuador" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ancestry_and_ethnicity_in_Ecuador" title="Template:Ancestry and ethnicity in Ecuador"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a 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people">Awa-Kwaiker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canelos-Quichua" title="Canelos-Quichua">Canelos-Quichua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ca%C3%B1ari" title="Cañari">Cañari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chachi_people" title="Chachi people">Chachi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cholos_pescadores" title="Cholos pescadores">Cholo pescador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cof%C3%A1n_people" title="Cofán people">Cofán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huaorani_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Huaorani people">Huaorani</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tagaeri" title="Tagaeri">Tagaeri</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jivaroan_peoples" title="Jivaroan peoples">Jivaroan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Achuar_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Achuar people">Achuar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aguaruna_people" title="Aguaruna people">Aguaruna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huambisa_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Huambisa people">Huambisa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuar_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Shuar people">Shuar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maina_Indians" class="mw-redirect" title="Maina Indians">Maina</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Quichua</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Panzaleo_people" title="Panzaleo people">Panzaleo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quijos-Quichua" title="Quijos-Quichua">Quijos-Quichua</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otavalo_people" title="Otavalo people">Otavalo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puruh%C3%A1" title="Puruhá">Puruhá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A1para_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Sápara people">Sápara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secoya_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Secoya people">Secoya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siona_people" title="Siona people">Siona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taromenane" title="Taromenane">Taromenane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetet%C3%A9_people" title="Teteté people">Teteté</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ts%C3%A1chila_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Tsáchila people">Tsáchila</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-Indigenous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afro-Ecuadorian" class="mw-redirect" title="Afro-Ecuadorian">African</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Americans_in_Ecuador" title="Americans in Ecuador">Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:European_diaspora_in_Ecuador" title="Category:European diaspora in Ecuador">European</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Ecuadorians" title="Italian Ecuadorians">Italians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mestizos_in_Ecuador" class="mw-redirect" title="Mestizos in Ecuador">Mestizos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uruguayans_in_Ecuador" title="Uruguayans in Ecuador">Uruguayans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_Ecuadorians" title="Croatian Ecuadorians">Croatians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanese_Ecuadorians" title="Lebanese Ecuadorians">Lebanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Ecuador" title="History of the Jews in Ecuador">Jews</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_Ecuador.svg/16px-Flag_of_Ecuador.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_Ecuador.svg/24px-Flag_of_Ecuador.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_Ecuador.svg/32px-Flag_of_Ecuador.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="960" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Ecuador" title="Portal:Ecuador">Ecuador portal</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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