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Destruction of the Indies</i></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brev%C3%ADsima_relaci%C3%B3n_de_la_destrucci%C3%B3n_de_las_Indias" title="Brevísima relación de la destrucción de las Indias – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Brevísima relación de la destrucción de las Indias" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brev%C3%ADsima_relaci%C3%B3n_de_la_destrucci%C3%B3n_de_las_Indias" title="Brevísima relación de la destrucción de las Indias – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Brevísima relación de la destrucción de las Indias" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brevissima_relazione_della_distruzione_delle_Indie" title="Brevissima relazione della distruzione delle Indie – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Brevissima relazione della distruzione delle Indie" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E3%83%87%E3%82%A3%E3%82%A2%E3%82%B9%E3%81%AE%E7%A0%B4%E5%A3%8A%E3%81%AB%E3%81%A4%E3%81%84%E3%81%A6%E3%81%AE%E7%B0%A1%E6%BD%94%E3%81%AA%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A" title="インディアスの破壊についての簡潔な報告 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="インディアスの破壊についての簡潔な報告" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Account of atrocities committed toward Native Americans</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title" style="font-size:125%; font-style:italic; padding-bottom:0.2em;">A Brief Account of the Destruction of the Indies <span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Brief+Account+of+the+Destruction+of+the+Indies&rft.author=%5B%5BBartolom%C3%A9+de+las+Casas%5D%5D&rft.date=1552&rft.place=%5B%5BSpanish+Empire%5D%5D"></span></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Bartolom%C3%A9_de_las_Casas_(1552)_Brevisima_relaci%C3%B3n_de_la_destrucci%C3%B3n_de_las_Indias.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Bartolom%C3%A9_de_las_Casas_%281552%29_Brevisima_relaci%C3%B3n_de_la_destrucci%C3%B3n_de_las_Indias.png/220px-Bartolom%C3%A9_de_las_Casas_%281552%29_Brevisima_relaci%C3%B3n_de_la_destrucci%C3%B3n_de_las_Indias.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="327" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Bartolom%C3%A9_de_las_Casas_%281552%29_Brevisima_relaci%C3%B3n_de_la_destrucci%C3%B3n_de_las_Indias.png/330px-Bartolom%C3%A9_de_las_Casas_%281552%29_Brevisima_relaci%C3%B3n_de_la_destrucci%C3%B3n_de_las_Indias.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Bartolom%C3%A9_de_las_Casas_%281552%29_Brevisima_relaci%C3%B3n_de_la_destrucci%C3%B3n_de_las_Indias.png/440px-Bartolom%C3%A9_de_las_Casas_%281552%29_Brevisima_relaci%C3%B3n_de_la_destrucci%C3%B3n_de_las_Indias.png 2x" data-file-width="1753" data-file-height="2607" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Cover of the <i>Brevísima relación de la destrucción de las Indias</i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Author</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bartolom%C3%A9_de_las_Casas" title="Bartolomé de las Casas">Bartolomé de las Casas</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Original title</th><td class="infobox-data"><i><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">La Brevísima relación</i></span></i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Language</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Publication date</div></th><td class="infobox-data">1552<sup id="cite_ref-WDL_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WDL-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Publication place</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Empire" title="Spanish Empire">Spanish Empire</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><i><b>A Short Account of the Destruction of the Indies</b></i><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>: <i lang="es">Brevísima relación de la destrucción de las Indias</i>) is an account written by the Spanish <a href="/wiki/Dominican_Order" title="Dominican Order">Dominican</a> friar <a href="/wiki/Bartolom%C3%A9_de_las_Casas" title="Bartolomé de las Casas">Bartolomé de las Casas</a> in 1542 (published in 1552) about the mistreatment of and atrocities committed against the <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous peoples of the Americas">indigenous peoples of the Americas</a> in colonial times and sent to then Prince <a href="/wiki/Philip_II_of_Spain" title="Philip II of Spain">Philip II of Spain</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-WDL_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WDL-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=A_Short_Account_of_the_Destruction_of_the_Indies&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Bartolom%C3%A9_de_las_Casas" title="Bartolomé de las Casas">Bartolomé de las Casas</a> explains in the prologue that his fifty years of experience in Spanish colonies in the Indies granted him both moral legitimacy and accountability for writing this account.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1516, Las Casas was granted the title of <a href="/wiki/Protector_of_the_Indians" title="Protector of the Indians">Protector of the Indians</a> by <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Jim%C3%A9nez_de_Cisneros" title="Francisco Jiménez de Cisneros">Cardinal Cisneros</a> after he submitted a report on their population decline due to harsh labor and mistreatment by colonial officials.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the time when Las Casas served as the Protector of the Indians, several clerics from <a href="/wiki/Hieronymites" title="Hieronymites">the Order of Saint Jerome</a> attempted to reform systems which used the native populace as laborers. However, Las Casas found their attempts insufficient to protect the welfare of the Indians, and returned to Spain to appeal to the Spanish monarch in 1517.<sup id="cite_ref-:13_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:13-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From 1517 to 1540, Las Casas traveled back and forth between Spain and Spanish colonies in Latin America numerous times, struggling to find a common ground between Spanish authorities and his own attempts to improve the conditions of Indian subjects in Spanish dominions.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of purposes of his travels was to continue to protest Spanish colonial mistreatment of Indians. </p><p>In 1542, after Las Casas first wrote the chronicle later known as <i>A Short Account of the Destruction of the Indies</i>, during the hearings ordered by <a href="/wiki/Charles_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles V of Spain</a> to resolve issues of forceful conversion and colonial exploitation of Indians, Las Casas presented the account before the members of the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_the_Indies" title="Council of the Indies">Council of the Indies</a> as proof of atrocities committed upon Indians by colonial authorities.<sup id="cite_ref-:13_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:13-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Contents">Contents</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=A_Short_Account_of_the_Destruction_of_the_Indies&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Contents"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cruelties_by_Spaniards_on_American_Indians_Page_16-17_Bartolome_de_las_Casas.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Cruelties_by_Spaniards_on_American_Indians_Page_16-17_Bartolome_de_las_Casas.png/310px-Cruelties_by_Spaniards_on_American_Indians_Page_16-17_Bartolome_de_las_Casas.png" decoding="async" width="310" height="291" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Cruelties_by_Spaniards_on_American_Indians_Page_16-17_Bartolome_de_las_Casas.png/465px-Cruelties_by_Spaniards_on_American_Indians_Page_16-17_Bartolome_de_las_Casas.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Cruelties_by_Spaniards_on_American_Indians_Page_16-17_Bartolome_de_las_Casas.png/620px-Cruelties_by_Spaniards_on_American_Indians_Page_16-17_Bartolome_de_las_Casas.png 2x" data-file-width="2446" data-file-height="2298" /></a><figcaption>The cruelties used by the Spaniards on the Indians</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:De_Bry_1c.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/De_Bry_1c.JPG/310px-De_Bry_1c.JPG" decoding="async" width="310" height="264" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/De_Bry_1c.JPG/465px-De_Bry_1c.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/De_Bry_1c.JPG/620px-De_Bry_1c.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1021" data-file-height="869" /></a><figcaption>A 16th-century illustration by <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Revolt#Protestantism" class="mw-redirect" title="Dutch Revolt">Flemish Protestant</a> <a href="/wiki/Theodor_de_Bry" title="Theodor de Bry">Theodor de Bry</a>, depicting Spanish atrocities during the <a href="/wiki/Hispaniola" title="Hispaniola">conquest of Hispaniola</a>. Las Casas wrote: "They erected certain Gibbets, large, but low made, so that their feet almost reached the ground, every one of which was so ordered as to bear Thirteen Persons in Honour and Reverence (as they said blasphemously) of our Redeemer and his Twelve Apostles, under which they made a Fire to burn them to Ashes whilst hanging on them"<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>It was written for Prince <a href="/wiki/Philip_II_of_Spain" title="Philip II of Spain">Philip II of Spain</a>. Las Casas appeals to the Prince's pathos throughout his account. One of the stated purposes for writing the account is his fear of Spain coming under divine punishment, and his concern for the souls of the Native peoples.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The account is one of the first attempts by a Spanish writer of the colonial era to depict examples of unfair treatment that indigenous people endured in the early stages of the Spanish conquest of the <a href="/wiki/Greater_Antilles" title="Greater Antilles">Greater Antilles</a>, particularly the island of <a href="/wiki/Hispaniola" title="Hispaniola">Hispaniola</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> De las Casas noticed that no matter where he visited, the Spanish were committing the same crimes. On the island of Hispaniola, the Spanish were herding people into a straw building and setting fire to it, burning the occupants alive.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, "they sent the Males to the Mines to dig and bring away the Gold, which is an intolerable labor; but the Women they made use of to Manure and Till the ground, which is a toil most irksome even to Men of the strongest and most robust constitutions, allowing them no other food but Herbage, and such kind of unsubstantial nutriment, so that the Nursing Women's Milk was exsiccated and so dryed up, that the young Infants lately brought forth, all perished."<sup id="cite_ref-:02_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jamaica" title="Jamaica">Jamaica</a>, he saw the Spanish, "with the same purpose and design they proposed to themselves in the Isle of Hispaniola, perpetrating innumerable Robberies and Villanies as before," and that "These two Isles containing six hundred thousand at least, though at this day there are scarce two hundred men to be found in either of them."<sup id="cite_ref-:02_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> De las Casas also notes that what the Spanish were doing drove many natives to commit suicide. On <a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a>, "By the ferocity of one Spanish Tyrant (whom I knew) above Two Hundred Indians hang'd themselves of their own accord; and a multitude of People perished by this kind of Death" and "Six Thousand Children and upward were murder'd, because they had lost their Parents who labour'd in the Mines."<sup id="cite_ref-:02_4-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=A_Short_Account_of_the_Destruction_of_the_Indies&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>A Short Account of the Destruction of the Indies</i> marks a significant moment in the way 21st century colonial Latin American historians would address world history.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By comparing what historians know today about colonial Latin America, with the descriptions and recommendations given by De Las Casas in <i>A Short Account</i>, they are able to understand more about Europeans biases, prejudices, and outlook on the colonization of the Americas. De Las Casas' <i>A Short Account</i> was a revised history of the conquest, in the way that he includes facts that would aid him in his argument.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Political scientist Diego von Vacano argued De Las Casas' <i>A Short Account</i>, revealed the ways 16th century scholars used rhetoric to lobby for changes during the Spanish colonization of the Americas.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In his earlier writings De Las Casas advocated the defense of indigenous peoples by recommending the use of African slaves as an alternative to indigenous people, but later repudiated the suggestion and condemned both the enslavement of indigenous people and Africans. </p><p>De Las Casas used the term "New World" to look at the Americas and Western hemisphere and did not use the term or idea of the "ancient world" as a way to describe Spain, Europe and the Eastern hemisphere.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This linguistic shift marked a transition in historical text and thought by moving away from the medieval view of geography and world history to a more modern view.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_9-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> De Las Casas addressed the new population in the Americas and introduced it in a political way in addressing the Spanish King.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_9-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> De Las Casas introduced and presented the people of the Americas in the context of the Spanish empire.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_9-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>De Las Casas is also noted as one of the first writers and thinkers to racialize the indigenous people of the Americas.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_9-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In his attempt to defend the indigenous people, he argues that they are part of the human race by describing their bodies, skin color, language and culture.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_9-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <i>A Short Account</i>, De Las Casas racialized the indigenous people and created a new understanding for them in the context and hierarchy of European ideas of race.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_9-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Masacre_de_Gonzalez_de_Ocampo_en_Cumana.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Masacre_de_Gonzalez_de_Ocampo_en_Cumana.jpg/250px-Masacre_de_Gonzalez_de_Ocampo_en_Cumana.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="205" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Masacre_de_Gonzalez_de_Ocampo_en_Cumana.jpg/375px-Masacre_de_Gonzalez_de_Ocampo_en_Cumana.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Masacre_de_Gonzalez_de_Ocampo_en_Cumana.jpg/500px-Masacre_de_Gonzalez_de_Ocampo_en_Cumana.jpg 2x" data-file-width="746" data-file-height="612" /></a><figcaption>The Natives of <a href="/wiki/Cuman%C3%A1" title="Cumaná">Cumaná</a> attack the mission after Gonzalo de Ocampo's slaving raid. Colored copperplate by <a href="/wiki/Theodor_de_Bry" title="Theodor de Bry">Theodor de Bry</a>, published in the "Relación brevissima de la destruccion de las Indias".</figcaption></figure> <p>His account was responsible for the passage of the new Spanish colonial laws known as the <a href="/wiki/New_Laws" title="New Laws">New Laws of 1542</a>, which abolished native slavery for the first time in European colonial history and led to the <a href="/wiki/Valladolid_debate" title="Valladolid debate">Valladolid debate</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2011)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> This text was used as a way to convince the King of Spain of the cruelties caused by the Spanish Conquistadors.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As such, he did not focus on or mention the effects of disease as a cause of suffering for the native people.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Instead, De Las Casas focused on the suffering caused by the Spanish conquistadors so that the King would address the conquistadors' behavior.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The account was republished in 1620, by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jan_Evertszoon_Cloppenburch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jan Evertszoon Cloppenburch (page does not exist)">Jan Evertszoon Cloppenburch</a>, alongside the book <i>Origin and progress of the disturbances in the Netherlands</i> by Dutch historian <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Gysius" title="Johannes Gysius">Johannes Gysius</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-WDL_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WDL-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The book was frequently reprinted, alone or in combination with other works, in the Netherlands and in other countries struggling against the power of Spain in Europe and the Americas.<sup id="cite_ref-WDL_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WDL-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The title in English, German, Dutch, and most languages, was manipulated to farther insist on the detrimental consequences of the Spanish conquest.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The images described by Las Casas were later depicted by <a href="/wiki/Theodor_de_Bry" title="Theodor de Bry">Theodor de Bry</a> in copper plate engravings that contributed to the <a href="/wiki/Black_Legend_(Spain)" class="mw-redirect" title="Black Legend (Spain)">Spanish Black Legend</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rhetorical_strategy">Rhetorical strategy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=A_Short_Account_of_the_Destruction_of_the_Indies&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Rhetorical strategy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>A Short Account of the Destruction of the Indies</i> has been acclaimed by scholars for its rhetorical effect. De Las Casas juxtaposes the inhumane mistreatment of the Spanish conquistadors with the inherent goodness of the indigenous people in an exaggerated manner in his strategy of persuasion. De Las Casas revised and re-edited this book in order to make his best argument in favor of the indigenous people.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_9-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=A_Short_Account_of_the_Destruction_of_the_Indies&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Sublimis_Deus" title="Sublimis Deus">Sublimis Deus</a></i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=A_Short_Account_of_the_Destruction_of_the_Indies&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-WDL-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-WDL_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WDL_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WDL_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WDL_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wdl.org/en/item/515/">"Mirror of the Cruel and Horrible Spanish Tyranny Perpetrated in the Netherlands, by the Tyrant, the Duke of Alba, and Other Commanders of King Philip II"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/World_Digital_Library" title="World Digital Library">World Digital Library</a></i>. 1620<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-08-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+Digital+Library&rft.atitle=Mirror+of+the+Cruel+and+Horrible+Spanish+Tyranny+Perpetrated+in+the+Netherlands%2C+by+the+Tyrant%2C+the+Duke+of+Alba%2C+and+Other+Commanders+of+King+Philip+II&rft.date=1620&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wdl.org%2Fen%2Fitem%2F515%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AA+Short+Account+of+the+Destruction+of+the+Indies" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Also translated and published in English as <i>A Brief Account of the Destruction of the Indies</i>, among several other variants.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCasasTernaux-CompansEguiguren1552" class="citation book cs1">Casas, Bartolomé de las; Ternaux-Compans, Henri; Eguiguren, Francisco Antonio de fmo RIBRL (1552). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/breuissimarelaci00casa"><i>Breuissima relacion de la destruycion de las Indias</i></a>. John Carter Brown Library. Fue impressa la presente obra enla muy noble & muy leal ciudad de Seuilla : En casa de Sebastian Trugillo impressor de libros. A nuestra señora de Gracia.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Breuissima+relacion+de+la+destruycion+de+las+Indias&rft.pub=Fue+impressa+la+presente+obra+enla+muy+noble+%26+muy+leal+ciudad+de+Seuilla+%3A+En+casa+de+Sebastian+Trugillo+impressor+de+libros.+A+nuestra+se%C3%B1ora+de+Gracia&rft.date=1552&rft.aulast=Casas&rft.aufirst=Bartolom%C3%A9+de+las&rft.au=Ternaux-Compans%2C+Henri&rft.au=Eguiguren%2C+Francisco+Antonio+de+fmo+RIBRL&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbreuissimarelaci00casa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AA+Short+Account+of+the+Destruction+of+the+Indies" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:02-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:02_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:02_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:02_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:02_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:02_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:02_4-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:02_4-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171023113024/http://www.columbia.edu/~daviss/work/files/presentations/casshort/">"CASAS: A SHORT ACCOUNT OF THE DESTRUCTION OF THE INDIES"</a>. <i>www.columbia.edu</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.columbia.edu/~daviss/work/files/presentations/casshort/">the original</a> on 2017-10-23<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-10-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.columbia.edu&rft.atitle=CASAS%3A+A+SHORT+ACCOUNT+OF+THE+DESTRUCTION+OF+THE+INDIES&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.columbia.edu%2F~daviss%2Fwork%2Ffiles%2Fpresentations%2Fcasshort%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AA+Short+Account+of+the+Destruction+of+the+Indies" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBayle1945" class="citation book cs1">Bayle, Constantino (1945). <i>El protector de indios</i>. Seville: Escuela de Estudios Hispano-Americanos. pp. 12–13.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=El+protector+de+indios&rft.place=Seville&rft.pages=12-13&rft.pub=Escuela+de+Estudios+Hispano-Americanos&rft.date=1945&rft.aulast=Bayle&rft.aufirst=Constantino&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AA+Short+Account+of+the+Destruction+of+the+Indies" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:13-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:13_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:13_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWagner;_Parish1967" class="citation book cs1">Wagner; Parish, Henry Raup; Helen Rand (1967). <i>The Life and Writings of Bartolomé de Las Casas</i>. New Mexico: University of New Mexico Press. pp. 109–13.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Life+and+Writings+of+Bartolom%C3%A9+de+Las+Casas.&rft.place=New+Mexico&rft.pages=109-13&rft.pub=University+of+New+Mexico+Press&rft.date=1967&rft.aulast=Wagner%3B+Parish&rft.aufirst=Henry+Raup%3B+Helen+Rand&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AA+Short+Account+of+the+Destruction+of+the+Indies" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Las Casas, Bartolome. 1992. A Short Account of the Destruction of the Indies. London, England: Penguin Classics. pp 9</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDe_Las_Casas2007" class="citation cs2">De Las Casas, Bartholmé (2007), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511840890.008">"A Short Account of the Destruction of the Indies"</a>, <i>Versions of Blackness</i>, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 281–284, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2Fcbo9780511840890.008">10.1017/cbo9780511840890.008</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780521689564" title="Special:BookSources/9780521689564"><bdi>9780521689564</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-02-24</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Versions+of+Blackness&rft.atitle=A+Short+Account+of+the+Destruction+of+the+Indies&rft.pages=281-284&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2Fcbo9780511840890.008&rft.isbn=9780521689564&rft.aulast=De+Las+Casas&rft.aufirst=Bartholm%C3%A9&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1017%2Fcbo9780511840890.008&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AA+Short+Account+of+the+Destruction+of+the+Indies" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_9-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_9-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_9-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_9-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_9-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_9-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_9-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_9-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFvon_Vacano2012" class="citation journal cs1">von Vacano, Diego (2012-01-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/imp/hpt/2012/00000033/00000003/art00002">"Las Casas and the Birth of Race"</a>. <i>History of Political Thought</i>. <b>33</b> (3): 401–426.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=History+of+Political+Thought&rft.atitle=Las+Casas+and+the+Birth+of+Race&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=401-426&rft.date=2012-01-01&rft.aulast=von+Vacano&rft.aufirst=Diego&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ingentaconnect.com%2Fcontent%2Fimp%2Fhpt%2F2012%2F00000033%2F00000003%2Fart00002&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AA+Short+Account+of+the+Destruction+of+the+Indies" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJoralemon1982" class="citation journal cs1">Joralemon, Donald (Spring 1982). "New World Depopulation and the Case of Disease". <i>Journal of Anthropological Research</i>. <b>38</b> (1): 108–127. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2Fjar.38.1.3629951">10.1086/jar.38.1.3629951</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3629951">3629951</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12312908">12312908</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:6587407">6587407</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Anthropological+Research&rft.atitle=New+World+Depopulation+and+the+Case+of+Disease&rft.ssn=spring&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=108-127&rft.date=1982&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F12312908&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A6587407%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3629951%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2Fjar.38.1.3629951&rft.aulast=Joralemon&rft.aufirst=Donald&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AA+Short+Account+of+the+Destruction+of+the+Indies" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=A_Short_Account_of_the_Destruction_of_the_Indies&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External 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