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<ul id="toc-Touring_car_(U.S.)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Design" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Design"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Design</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Design-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Demi-Limousine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demi-Limousine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.1</span> <span>Demi-Limousine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demi-Limousine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tourer_in_British_English" 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vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" 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Available in 19 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-19" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">19 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auto_de_turismo" title="Auto de turismo – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Auto de turismo" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8A%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D1%81_%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Състезания с туристически автомобили – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Състезания с туристически автомобили" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autom%C3%B2bil_de_turisme" title="Automòbil de turisme – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Automòbil de turisme" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tourenwagen_(Automobilbauart)" title="Tourenwagen (Automobilbauart) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Tourenwagen (Automobilbauart)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autom%C3%B3vil_de_turismo" title="Automóvil de turismo – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Automóvil de turismo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turismo-ibilgailu" title="Turismo-ibilgailu – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Turismo-ibilgailu" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiture_de_tourisme" title="Voiture de tourisme – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Voiture de tourisme" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autom%C3%B3bil_de_turismo" title="Automóbil de turismo – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Automóbil de turismo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turismo_(automobile)" title="Turismo (automobile) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Turismo (automobile)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tureris" title="Tureris – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Tureris" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toerwagen_(carrosserievorm)" title="Toerwagen (carrosserievorm) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Toerwagen (carrosserievorm)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%84%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AA%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B0%E3%82%AB%E3%83%BC" title="ツーリングカー – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ツーリングカー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Touring_(bil)" title="Touring (bil) – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Touring (bil)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Touring_avtomobil" title="Touring avtomobil – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Touring avtomobil" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tourer" title="Tourer – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Tourer" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carro_de_turismo" title="Carro de turismo – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Carro de turismo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3_(%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BF_%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0)" title="Туринг (тип кузова) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Туринг (тип кузова)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tourer" title="Tourer – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Tourer" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Туринговий автомобіль – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Туринговий автомобіль" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1402386#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> 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.hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the use of the term in motor racing, see <a href="/wiki/Touring_car_racing" title="Touring car racing">Touring car racing</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For modern sports cars designed for long-distance cruising, see <a href="/wiki/Grand_tourer" title="Grand tourer">Grand tourer</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mot_21_-_Maxwell.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Mot_21_-_Maxwell.jpg/220px-Mot_21_-_Maxwell.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Mot_21_-_Maxwell.jpg/330px-Mot_21_-_Maxwell.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Mot_21_-_Maxwell.jpg/440px-Mot_21_-_Maxwell.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2152" data-file-height="1620" /></a><figcaption>1913 <a href="/wiki/Maxwell_automobile" class="mw-redirect" title="Maxwell automobile">Maxwell</a> Model 24-4 touring car</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Touring car</b> and <b>tourer</b> are both terms for open cars (i.e. cars without a fixed roof). "Touring car" is a style of open car built in the United States which seats four or more people. The style was popular from the early 1900s to the 1930s. The cars used for <a href="/wiki/Touring_car_racing" title="Touring car racing">touring car racing</a> in various series since the 1960s, are unrelated to these early touring cars, despite sharing the same name. </p><p>"Tourer" is used in <a href="/wiki/British_English" title="British English">British English</a> for any open car. The term "all-weather tourer" was used to describe <a href="/wiki/Convertible_(car)" class="mw-redirect" title="Convertible (car)">convertibles</a> (vehicles that could be fully enclosed). A popular version of the tourer was the <a href="/wiki/Torpedo_(car)" title="Torpedo (car)">torpedo</a>, with the hood/bonnet line level at the car's waistline giving the car a straight line from front to back. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Touring_car_(U.S.)"><span id="Touring_car_.28U.S..29"></span>Touring car (U.S.)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Touring_car&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Touring car (U.S.)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Design">Design</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Touring_car&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Design"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:204px;max-width:204px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Studebaker1920.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Studebaker1920.jpg/200px-Studebaker1920.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Studebaker1920.jpg/300px-Studebaker1920.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Studebaker1920.jpg/400px-Studebaker1920.jpg 2x" data-file-width="462" data-file-height="222" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">1920 <a href="/wiki/Studebaker_Big_Six" title="Studebaker Big Six">Studebaker Big Six</a> touring car with its top down. The folded top behind passengers was known as the "fan" when in the down position.</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1924_Ford_Model_T_Touring_MEM895.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/1924_Ford_Model_T_Touring_MEM895.jpg/200px-1924_Ford_Model_T_Touring_MEM895.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/1924_Ford_Model_T_Touring_MEM895.jpg/300px-1924_Ford_Model_T_Touring_MEM895.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/1924_Ford_Model_T_Touring_MEM895.jpg/400px-1924_Ford_Model_T_Touring_MEM895.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="584" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">1924 <a href="/wiki/Ford_Model_T" title="Ford Model T">Ford Model T</a> touring car</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Enfield_15_HP_Demi-Limousine_(1907).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Enfield_15_HP_Demi-Limousine_%281907%29.jpg/200px-Enfield_15_HP_Demi-Limousine_%281907%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Enfield_15_HP_Demi-Limousine_%281907%29.jpg/300px-Enfield_15_HP_Demi-Limousine_%281907%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Enfield_15_HP_Demi-Limousine_%281907%29.jpg/400px-Enfield_15_HP_Demi-Limousine_%281907%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="760" data-file-height="529" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">1907 Enfield 15 HP Demi-Limousine</div></div></div></div></div> <p><i>Touring car</i> was applied in the U.S. to open cars (cars without a fixed roof, for example <a href="/wiki/Convertible" title="Convertible">convertibles</a>) that seat four or more people and have direct entrance to the <a href="/wiki/Tonneau" title="Tonneau">tonneau</a> (rear passenger area),<sup id="cite_ref-NYT1916_08SAEbodies_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT1916_08SAEbodies-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although it has also been described as seating five or more people.<sup id="cite_ref-RandomHouseDictionary_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RandomHouseDictionary-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Touring cars may have two or four doors, and the drivetrain layouts of early touring cars was either <a href="/wiki/FR_layout" class="mw-redirect" title="FR layout">front-</a> or <a href="/wiki/MR_layout" class="mw-redirect" title="MR layout">mid-engined</a>. </p><p>When the top was folded down, it formed a bulky mass known as the <i>fan</i> behind the back seat: <i>fan covers</i> were made to protect the top and its wooden ribs while in the down position. Some touring cars were available with side curtains to protect occupants from wind and weather by snapping or zipping them into place; otherwise, the occupants had minimal weather protection. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="History">History</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Touring_car&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The touring car <a href="/wiki/Car_body_style" title="Car body style">body style</a> was popular in the early 20th century, being a larger alternative to the two-seat <a href="/wiki/Runabout_(car)" title="Runabout (car)">runabout</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Roadster_(automobile)" class="mw-redirect" title="Roadster (automobile)">roadster</a>. By the mid-1910s, the touring car body had evolved into several types, including the four-door touring car which was equipped with a convertible top.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Most of <a href="/wiki/Ford_Model_T" title="Ford Model T">Model T's</a> produced by <a href="/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company" title="Ford Motor Company">Ford</a> between 1908 and 1927 were four and then three-door models (with drivers sliding behind the wheel from passenger seat) touring cars, accounting for 6,519,643 cars sold out of the 15,000,000 estimated Model T's built. This accounted for 44% of all Model T's sold over the model's eighteen-plus year life span, making it the most popular body style.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The popularity of the touring car began to wane in the 1920s when cars with enclosed passenger compartments (i.e. fixed steel roofs) became more affordable, and began to consistently out-sell the open cars.<sup id="cite_ref-PittsPress19300119_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PittsPress19300119-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Demi-Limousine">Demi-Limousine</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Touring_car&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Demi-Limousine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>For a brief time, touring sedans were offered with a solid back and permanent roof, unlike the roof on a touring sedan which could be folded back and stowed. Neither version offered permanent protection from the elements.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:right;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tourer_in_British_English">Tourer in British English</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Touring_car&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Tourer in British English"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Tourer</i> is used for open cars.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The belt lines of 1930s tourers were often lowered at the front doors to suggest a more sporting character<sup id="cite_ref-Macquarie_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Macquarie-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (however, this only allowed for removable glass or Perspex/Plexiglas side screens; wind-up windows, introduced later, required a more horizonal belt line on the doors). </p><p>Just as in the U.S, all-weather tourers are cars with high quality tops and glass side windows;<sup id="cite_ref-NEMCp685_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NEMCp685-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> they were later called <a href="/wiki/Convertible_(car)" class="mw-redirect" title="Convertible (car)">convertibles</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGeorganoAndersen1982683_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGeorganoAndersen1982683-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-nolines"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 255px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 250px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Austin_20_Tourer_1927_(1)_(4330958482).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1927 Austin 20 tourer, front (without side curtains)"><img alt="1927 Austin 20 tourer, front (without side curtains)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Austin_20_Tourer_1927_%281%29_%284330958482%29.jpg/160px-Austin_20_Tourer_1927_%281%29_%284330958482%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Austin_20_Tourer_1927_%281%29_%284330958482%29.jpg/240px-Austin_20_Tourer_1927_%281%29_%284330958482%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Austin_20_Tourer_1927_%281%29_%284330958482%29.jpg/320px-Austin_20_Tourer_1927_%281%29_%284330958482%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1927 <a href="/wiki/Austin_20" class="mw-redirect" title="Austin 20">Austin 20</a> tourer, front (without side curtains)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 255px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 250px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Austin_20_tourer_1927_(10251793113).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1927 Austin 20 tourer, rear"><img alt="1927 Austin 20 tourer, rear" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Austin_20_tourer_1927_%2810251793113%29.jpg/160px-Austin_20_tourer_1927_%2810251793113%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Austin_20_tourer_1927_%2810251793113%29.jpg/240px-Austin_20_tourer_1927_%2810251793113%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Austin_20_tourer_1927_%2810251793113%29.jpg/320px-Austin_20_tourer_1927_%2810251793113%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1927 Austin 20 tourer, rear</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 255px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 250px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1951_Ford_Anglia_A494A_Tourer_(28545161011).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1951 Ford Anglia tourer: note the lowered beltline at the front door"><img alt="1951 Ford Anglia tourer: note the lowered beltline at the front door" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/1951_Ford_Anglia_A494A_Tourer_%2828545161011%29.jpg/180px-1951_Ford_Anglia_A494A_Tourer_%2828545161011%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/1951_Ford_Anglia_A494A_Tourer_%2828545161011%29.jpg/270px-1951_Ford_Anglia_A494A_Tourer_%2828545161011%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/1951_Ford_Anglia_A494A_Tourer_%2828545161011%29.jpg/360px-1951_Ford_Anglia_A494A_Tourer_%2828545161011%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1951 <a href="/wiki/Ford_Anglia" title="Ford Anglia">Ford Anglia</a> tourer: note the lowered beltline at the front door </div> </li> </ul> <div style="clear:right;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Torpedo_body">Torpedo body</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Touring_car&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Torpedo body"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Torpedo_(car)" title="Torpedo (car)">Torpedo (car)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Humber_11_Torpedo_style_1944cc_registered_April_1914.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Humber_11_Torpedo_style_1944cc_registered_April_1914.JPG/220px-Humber_11_Torpedo_style_1944cc_registered_April_1914.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Humber_11_Torpedo_style_1944cc_registered_April_1914.JPG/330px-Humber_11_Torpedo_style_1944cc_registered_April_1914.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Humber_11_Torpedo_style_1944cc_registered_April_1914.JPG/440px-Humber_11_Torpedo_style_1944cc_registered_April_1914.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2961" data-file-height="1974" /></a><figcaption>1914 <a href="/wiki/Humber_Limited" title="Humber Limited">Humber 11</a> <a href="/wiki/Torpedo_(car)" title="Torpedo (car)">torpedo</a>- note the straight line from the radiator to the rear of the car</figcaption></figure> <p>The torpedo was a style of 4-seat or 5-seat tourers built from 1908 until the mid-1930s.<sup id="cite_ref-EAAp217_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EAAp217-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The design consists of a <a href="/wiki/Hood_(vehicle)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hood (vehicle)">hood/bonnet</a> line raised to be level with the car's waistline, resulting in a straight <a href="/wiki/Beltline_(automotive)" title="Beltline (automotive)">beltline</a> from front to back.<sup id="cite_ref-VVCp111_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VVCp111-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:right;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Touring_car&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barchetta" title="Barchetta">Barchetta</a> – an Italian style of roadster or spyder developed for racing cars after World War II</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phaeton_body" title="Phaeton body">Phaeton body</a> – similar to a touring car, but initially lighter and more sporting</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Runabout_(car)" title="Runabout (car)">Runabout</a> – a light, open two-seat car, similar to a roadster but with emphasis on economy instead of performance.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Touring_car&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-NYT1916_08SAEbodies-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NYT1916_08SAEbodies_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F10C1FFB3F5D17738DDDA90A94D0405B868DF1D3">"What's What in Automobile Bodies Officially Determined"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(pdf)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. New York, NY USA. Nomenclature Division, <a href="/wiki/SAE_International" title="SAE International">Society of Automobile Engineers</a>. 20 August 1916. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1645522">1645522</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 May</span> 2012</span>. <q>Here it is, with other body types and distinctions, officially determined recently by the Nomenclature Division of the Society of Automobile Engineers:</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=What%27s+What+in+Automobile+Bodies+Officially+Determined&rft.date=1916-08-20&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1645522&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fquery.nytimes.com%2Fgst%2Fabstract.html%3Fres%3DF10C1FFB3F5D17738DDDA90A94D0405B868DF1D3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATouring+car" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RandomHouseDictionary-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-RandomHouseDictionary_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStein1975" class="citation book cs1">Stein, Jess, ed. (1975) [1968]. <i>The Random House College Dictionary</i> (Revised ed.). New York, NY USA: Random House. p. 1389. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-394-43600-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-394-43600-8"><bdi>0-394-43600-8</bdi></a>. <q><b>touring car</b>, an open automobile designed for five or more passengers.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Random+House+College+Dictionary&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY+USA&rft.pages=1389&rft.edition=Revised&rft.pub=Random+House&rft.date=1975&rft.isbn=0-394-43600-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATouring+car" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.historicvehicle.org/national-historic-vehicle-register/vehicles/1927-ford-model-t-15-millionth-ford/">"1927 Ford Model T Touring (Fifteen-Millionth Ford)"</a>. <i>www.historicvehicle.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 November</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.historicvehicle.org&rft.atitle=1927+Ford+Model+T+Touring+%28Fifteen-Millionth+Ford%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.historicvehicle.org%2Fnational-historic-vehicle-register%2Fvehicles%2F1927-ford-model-t-15-millionth-ford%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATouring+car" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fountainheadmuseum.com/the-automobiles-en.html">"The Automobiles"</a>. <i>www.fountainheadmuseum.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 November</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.fountainheadmuseum.com&rft.atitle=The+Automobiles&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fountainheadmuseum.com%2Fthe-automobiles-en.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATouring+car" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PittsPress19300119-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-PittsPress19300119_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUllman1930" class="citation news cs1">Ullman, William (19 January 1930). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=iCkbAAAAIBAJ&pg=6063%2C3222688">"Show Reflects Car's Progress – Dawn of New Decade Finds Motordom Has Made Gigantic Strides"</a>. <i>The <a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Pittsburgh Press">Pittsburgh Press</a></i>. Pittsburgh, PA USA. Automobile Section<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 June</span> 2012</span>. <q>Interest was centered in the development of low-priced closed models in every automobile factory in the country and the rapid decline of the open car was apparent on all sides.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Pittsburgh+Press&rft.atitle=Show+Reflects+Car%27s+Progress+%26ndash%3B+Dawn+of+New+Decade+Finds+Motordom+Has+Made+Gigantic+Strides.&rft.pages=Automobile+Section&rft.date=1930-01-19&rft.aulast=Ullman&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3DiCkbAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D6063%252C3222688&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATouring+car" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=p-w_AQAAMAAJ&dq=what+is+a+demi-limousine&pg=PA16"><i>Motor Body, Paint and Trim</i></a>. The Vehicle Monthly. April 1918. p. 16<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Motor+Body%2C+Paint+and+Trim&rft.pages=16&rft.pub=The+Vehicle+Monthly&rft.date=1918-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dp-w_AQAAMAAJ%26dq%3Dwhat%2Bis%2Ba%2Bdemi-limousine%26pg%3DPA16&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATouring+car" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tourer. Ian Beattie. "The complete book of Automobile Body Design<i>, March 1977, Haynes, Yeovil. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0854292179" title="Special:BookSources/0854292179">0854292179</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Macquarie-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Macquarie_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavis1986" class="citation book cs1">Davis, Pedr., ed. (1986). <i>The Macquarie Dictionary of Motoring</i>. Sydney, Australia: Macquarie Library. p. 485. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-949757-35-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-949757-35-7"><bdi>0-949757-35-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Macquarie+Dictionary+of+Motoring&rft.place=Sydney%2C+Australia&rft.pages=485&rft.pub=Macquarie+Library&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=0-949757-35-7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATouring+car" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NEMCp685-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NEMCp685_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGeorganoAndersen1982" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/G.N._Georgano" class="mw-redirect" title="G.N. Georgano">Georgano, G. N.</a>; Andersen, Thorkil Ry (21 October 1982) [1973]. Georgano, G. N. (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=j3xTAAAAMAAJ&q=%22Those+with+wind-up+or+fixed+windows+were+more+often+called%22"><i>The New encyclopedia of motorcars, 1885 to the present</i></a> (3rd ed.). Dutton. p. 685. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-5259-3254-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-5259-3254-2"><bdi>0-5259-3254-2</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 August</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+New+encyclopedia+of+motorcars%2C+1885+to+the+present&rft.pages=685&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Dutton&rft.date=1982-10-21&rft.isbn=0-5259-3254-2&rft.aulast=Georgano&rft.aufirst=G.+N.&rft.au=Andersen%2C+Thorkil+Ry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dj3xTAAAAMAAJ%26q%3D%2522Those%2Bwith%2Bwind-up%2Bor%2Bfixed%2Bwindows%2Bwere%2Bmore%2Boften%2Bcalled%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATouring+car" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGeorganoAndersen1982683-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGeorganoAndersen1982683_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGeorganoAndersen1982">Georgano & Andersen 1982</a>, p. 683.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EAAp217-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-EAAp217_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGeorgano1971" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/G.N._Georgano" class="mw-redirect" title="G.N. Georgano">Georgano, G. N.</a>, ed. (1971). "Glossary". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=snLyAAAAMAAJ&q=%22Those+with+wind-up+or+fixed+windows+were+more+often+called%22"><i>Encyclopedia of American Automobiles</i></a>. New York, NY USA: E. P. Dutton. p. 217. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-525-097929" title="Special:BookSources/0-525-097929"><bdi>0-525-097929</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/79-147885">79-147885</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 August</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Glossary&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+American+Automobiles&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY+USA&rft.pages=217&rft.pub=E.+P.+Dutton&rft.date=1971&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F79-147885&rft.isbn=0-525-097929&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DsnLyAAAAMAAJ%26q%3D%2522Those%2Bwith%2Bwind-up%2Bor%2Bfixed%2Bwindows%2Bwere%2Bmore%2Boften%2Bcalled%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATouring+car" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-VVCp111-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-VVCp111_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoberts1974" class="citation book cs1">Roberts, Peter (1974). "Carriage to Car". <i>Veteran and Vintage Cars</i>. London, UK: Octopus Books. p. 111. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7064-0331-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-7064-0331-2"><bdi>0-7064-0331-2</bdi></a>. <q><i>Torpedo</i> – Continental term for an open four-seat tourer with soft hood and sporting tendencies and in which the line of the bonnet was continued back to the rear of the car.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Carriage+to+Car&rft.btitle=Veteran+and+Vintage+Cars&rft.place=London%2C+UK&rft.pages=111&rft.pub=Octopus+Books&rft.date=1974&rft.isbn=0-7064-0331-2&rft.aulast=Roberts&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATouring+car" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output 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class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Car_classification" title="Car classification">Classification</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By size</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Microcar" title="Microcar">Micro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kei_car" title="Kei car">Kei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subcompact_car" title="Subcompact car">Subcompact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B-segment" title="B-segment">Supermini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_car" title="Family car">Family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compact_car" title="Compact car">Compact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mid-size_car" title="Mid-size car">Mid-size</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Full-size_car" title="Full-size car">Full-size</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Custom_car" title="Custom car">Custom</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hot_rod" title="Hot rod">Hot rod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lead_sled" title="Lead sled">Lead sled</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lowrider" title="Lowrider">Lowrider</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hot_rod#1960s_rise_of_the_street_rod" title="Hot rod">Street rod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T-bucket" title="T-bucket">T-bucket</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Luxury_car" title="Luxury car">Luxury</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Compact_executive_car" title="Compact executive car">Compact executive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_car" title="Executive car">Executive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_luxury_car" title="Personal luxury car">Personal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Minivan" title="Minivan">Minivan / MPV</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Compact_MPV" title="Compact MPV">Compact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leisure_activity_vehicle" class="mw-redirect" title="Leisure activity vehicle">Leisure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mini_MPV" title="Mini MPV">Mini</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/SUV" title="SUV">SUV</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Compact_sport_utility_vehicle" title="Compact sport utility vehicle">Compact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crossover_(automobile)" title="Crossover (automobile)">Crossover (CUV)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mini_SUV" class="mw-redirect" title="Mini SUV">Mini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coupe_SUV" title="Coupe SUV">Coupe SUV</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sports_car" title="Sports car">Sports</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grand_tourer" title="Grand tourer">Grand tourer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hot_hatch" title="Hot hatch">Hot hatch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muscle_car" title="Muscle car">Muscle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pony_car" title="Pony car">Pony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_compact" title="Sport compact">Sport compact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_sedan" title="Sports sedan">Sports sedan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supercar" title="Supercar">Super</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Go-kart" title="Go-kart">Go-kart</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antique_car" title="Antique car">Antique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classic_car" title="Classic car">Classic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_car" title="Economy car">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ute_(vehicle)" title="Ute (vehicle)">Ute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Van" title="Van">Van</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vintage_car" title="Vintage car">Vintage car</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Euro_Car_Segment" title="Euro Car Segment">EU</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A-segment" title="A-segment">A-segment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B-segment" title="B-segment">B-segment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C-segment" title="C-segment">C-segment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D-segment" title="D-segment">D-segment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E-segment" title="E-segment">E-segment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F-segment" title="F-segment">F-segment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J-segment" class="mw-redirect" title="J-segment">J-segment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M-segment" class="mw-redirect" title="M-segment">M-segment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S-segment" title="S-segment">S-segment</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Car_body_style" title="Car body style">Body styles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2%2B2_(car_body_style)" title="2+2 (car body style)">2+2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baquet_(car_body_style)" class="mw-redirect" title="Baquet (car body style)">Baquet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barchetta" title="Barchetta">Barchetta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berlinetta" title="Berlinetta">Berlinetta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brougham_(car_body)" title="Brougham (car body)">Brougham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabrio_coach" title="Cabrio coach">Cabrio coach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cab_over" title="Cab over">Cab over</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convertible" title="Convertible">Cabriolet / Convertible / Drophead coupe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coupe" title="Coupe">Coupe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coupe_de_Ville" class="mw-redirect" title="Coupe de Ville">Coupé de Ville / Sedanca de Ville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coup%C3%A9_utility" title="Coupé utility">Coupé utility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fastback" title="Fastback">Fastback</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hardtop" title="Hardtop">Hardtop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hatchback" title="Hatchback">Hatchback</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kammback" title="Kammback">Kammback</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landaulet_(car)" title="Landaulet (car)">Landaulet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liftback" title="Liftback">Liftback</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limousine" title="Limousine">Limousine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microvan" title="Microvan">Microvan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minibus" title="Minibus">Minibus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multi-stop_truck" title="Multi-stop truck">Multi-stop truck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notchback" title="Notchback">Notchback</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panel_van" title="Panel van">Panel van</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phaeton_body" title="Phaeton body">Phaeton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pickup_truck" title="Pickup truck">Pickup truck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quad_coup%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Quad coupé">Quad coupé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convertible" title="Convertible">Retractable hardtop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roadster_(automobile)" class="mw-redirect" title="Roadster (automobile)">Roadster / Spider / Spyder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Runabout_(car)" title="Runabout (car)">Runabout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sedan_(automobile)" title="Sedan (automobile)">Saloon / Sedan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panel_van" title="Panel van">Sedan delivery/Panel van</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shooting_brake" title="Shooting brake">Shooting brake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Station_wagon" title="Station wagon">Station wagon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Targa_top" title="Targa top">Targa top</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torpedo_(car)" title="Torpedo (car)">Torpedo</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Touring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coupe_de_Ville" class="mw-redirect" title="Coupe de Ville">Town (Coupé de Ville)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T-top" title="T-top">T-top</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vis-%C3%A0-vis_(carriage)" title="Vis-à-vis (carriage)">Vis-à-vis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Specialized <br />vehicles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/All-terrain_vehicle" title="All-terrain vehicle">All-terrain vehicle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amphibious_vehicle" title="Amphibious vehicle">Amphibious</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Connected_car" title="Connected car">Connected</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-driving_car" title="Self-driving car">Driverless (autonomous)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Go-kart" title="Go-kart">Go-kart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gyrocar" title="Gyrocar">Gyrocar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quadracycle" title="Quadracycle">Pedal car</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_rapid_transit" title="Personal rapid transit">Personal rapid transit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_car" title="Police car">Police car</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flying_car" title="Flying car">Flying car</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxicab" class="mw-redirect" title="Taxicab">Taxicab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tow_truck" title="Tow truck">Tow truck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voiturette" title="Voiturette">Voiturette</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ground_propulsion" title="Ground propulsion">Propulsion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_fuel_vehicle" title="Alternative fuel vehicle">Alternative fuel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autogas" title="Autogas">Autogas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biodiesel" title="Biodiesel">Biodiesel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biofuel" title="Biofuel">Biofuel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biogasoline" title="Biogasoline">Biogasoline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biogas" title="Biogas">Biogas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compressed_natural_gas" title="Compressed natural gas">Compressed natural gas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diesel_engine" title="Diesel engine">Diesel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electric_vehicle" title="Electric vehicle">Electric</a> (<a href="/wiki/Battery_electric_vehicle" title="Battery electric vehicle">battery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neighborhood_Electric_Vehicle" title="Neighborhood Electric Vehicle">NEV</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_ethanol_fuel_mixtures" title="Common ethanol fuel mixtures">Ethanol</a> (<a href="/wiki/E85" title="E85">E85</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fossil_fuel" title="Fossil fuel">Fossil fuel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuel_cell" title="Fuel cell">Fuel cell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuel_gas" title="Fuel gas">Fuel gas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_gas" title="Natural gas">Natural gas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrol_engine" title="Petrol engine">Gasoline / petrol</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gasoline_direct_injection" title="Gasoline direct injection">direct injection</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homogeneous_charge_compression_ignition" title="Homogeneous charge compression ignition">Homogeneous charge compression ignition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hybrid_electric_vehicle" title="Hybrid electric vehicle">Hybrid</a> (<a href="/wiki/Plug-in_hybrid" title="Plug-in hybrid">plug-in</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_vehicle" title="Hydrogen vehicle">Hydrogen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine" title="Internal combustion engine">Internal combustion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liquid_nitrogen_engine" title="Liquid nitrogen engine">Liquid nitrogen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liquified_petroleum_gas" class="mw-redirect" title="Liquified petroleum gas">Liquified petroleum gas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steam_car" title="Steam car">Steam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Drive_wheel" title="Drive wheel">Drive wheels</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Front-wheel_drive" title="Front-wheel drive">Front-wheel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Powertrain_layout#Rear_wheel_drive_layouts" title="Powertrain layout">Rear-wheel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two-wheel_drive" title="Two-wheel drive">Two-wheel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four-wheel_drive" title="Four-wheel drive">Four-wheel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Six-wheel_drive" title="Six-wheel drive">Six-wheel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eight-wheel_drive" title="Eight-wheel drive">Eight-wheel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ten-wheel_drive" class="mw-redirect" title="Ten-wheel drive">Ten-wheel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twelve-wheel_drive" class="mw-redirect" title="Twelve-wheel drive">Twelve-wheel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Powertrain_layout" title="Powertrain layout">Engine position</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Front-engine_design" title="Front-engine design">Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mid-engine_design" title="Mid-engine design">Mid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rear-engine_design" title="Rear-engine design">Rear</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Powertrain_layout" title="Powertrain layout">Layout</a> <br /><span class="nobold">(engine / drive)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Front-engine,_front-wheel-drive_layout" title="Front-engine, front-wheel-drive layout">Front-front</a> </li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Front-mid-engine,_front-wheel-drive_layout" title="Front-mid-engine, front-wheel-drive layout">Front mid-front</a> </li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Rear-engine,_front-wheel-drive_layout" title="Rear-engine, front-wheel-drive layout">Rear-front</a> </li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Front-engine,_rear-wheel-drive_layout" title="Front-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout">Front-rear</a> </li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Rear_mid-engine,_rear-wheel-drive_layout" title="Rear mid-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout">Rear mid-rear</a> </li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Rear-engine,_rear-wheel-drive_layout" title="Rear-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout">Rear-rear</a> </li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Front-engine,_four-wheel-drive_layout" title="Front-engine, four-wheel-drive layout">Front-four-wheel</a> </li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Mid-engine,_four-wheel-drive_layout" title="Mid-engine, four-wheel-drive layout">Mid-four-wheel</a> </li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Rear-engine,_four-wheel-drive_layout" title="Rear-engine, four-wheel-drive layout">Rear-four-wheel</a> </li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Dual-motor,_four-wheel-drive_layout" title="Dual-motor, four-wheel-drive layout">Dual motor-four-wheel</a> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Engine_configuration" title="Engine configuration">Engine configuration</a><br /><span class="nobold">(<a href="/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine" title="Internal combustion engine">internal combustion</a>)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flat_engine" title="Flat engine">Boxer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flat_engine" title="Flat engine">Flat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four-stroke_engine" title="Four-stroke engine">Four-stroke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H_engine" title="H engine">H-block</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reciprocating_engine" title="Reciprocating engine">Reciprocating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single-cylinder_engine" title="Single-cylinder engine">Single-cylinder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straight_engine" title="Straight engine">Straight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two-stroke_engine" title="Two-stroke engine">Two-stroke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V_engine" title="V engine">V (Vee)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W_engine" title="W engine">W engine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wankel_engine" title="Wankel engine">Wankel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Cars" title="Portal:Cars">Portal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cars" title="Category:Cars">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:EC_car_classification" title="Template:EC car classification">Template:EC car classification</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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