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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Architecture and housing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Architecture_and_housing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ways_of_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ways_of_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Ways of life</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Ways_of_life-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Ways of life subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Ways_of_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Birth_and_death_rituals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Birth_and_death_rituals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Birth and death rituals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Birth_and_death_rituals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Childhood_and_adolescence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Childhood_and_adolescence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Childhood and adolescence</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Childhood_and_adolescence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Courtship,_marriage,_and_divorce" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Courtship,_marriage,_and_divorce"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Courtship, marriage, and divorce</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Courtship,_marriage,_and_divorce-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Social_organization" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Social_organization"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Social organization</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Social_organization-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Customs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Customs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Customs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Customs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Clothing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Clothing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Clothing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Clothing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cuisine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cuisine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Cuisine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cuisine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Arts_and_literature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arts_and_literature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Arts and literature</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Arts_and_literature-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Arts and literature subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Arts_and_literature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Visual_arts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Visual_arts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Visual arts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Visual_arts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Music</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Dance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4</span> <span>Literature</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Shadow_Theatre" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shadow_Theatre"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.5</span> <span>Shadow Theatre</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Shadow_Theatre-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Film" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Film"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.6</span> <span>Film</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Film-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports_and_Games" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports_and_Games"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Sports and Games</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports_and_Games-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Culture of Cambodia</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 15 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-15" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">15 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AB%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%A9_%D9%83%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="ثقافة كمبوديا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ثقافة كمبوديا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0" title="Култура на Камбоджа – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Култура на Камбоджа" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultura_de_Camboya" title="Cultura de Camboya – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cultura de Camboya" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%87%D9%86%DA%AF_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%AC" title="فرهنگ در کامبوج – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فرهنگ در کامبوج" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture_du_Cambodge" title="Culture du Cambodge – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Culture du Cambodge" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF" title="कम्बोडिया की संस्कृति – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कम्बोडिया की संस्कृति" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%91%E1%83%9D%E1%83%AF%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%99%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90" title="კამბოჯის კულტურა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კამბოჯის კულტურა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budaya_di_Kemboja" title="Budaya di Kemboja – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Budaya di Kemboja" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%92%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%8C%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%B6" title="វប្បធម៌កម្ពុជា – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="វប្បធម៌កម្ពុជា" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%9F%D0%B5" title="Култура Камбоџе – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Култура Камбоџе" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kambod%C5%BEalainen_kulttuuri" title="Kambodžalainen kulttuuri – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kambodžalainen kulttuuri" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="கம்போடியாவின் கலாச்சாரம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கம்போடியாவின் கலாச்சாரம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%92%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2" title="วัฒนธรรมกัมพูชา – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="วัฒนธรรมกัมพูชา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%96" title="Культура Камбоджі – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Культура Камбоджі" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C4%83n_h%C3%B3a_Campuchia" title="Văn hóa Campuchia – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Văn hóa Campuchia" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2233484#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Cambodia" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Culture_of_Cambodia" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > 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style="border-width:2px;border-style:ridge;border-color:grey;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-top-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Khmer_painting.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Khmer_painting.jpg/260px-Khmer_painting.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Khmer_painting.jpg/390px-Khmer_painting.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Khmer_painting.jpg/520px-Khmer_painting.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1382" data-file-height="635" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Culture_of_Cambodia" title="Category:Culture of Cambodia">a series</a> on the</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa"><span class="wraplinks"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Culture of Cambodia</a></span></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#E9E9E9;padding:0.1em 0;"> Society</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.2em 0 0.6em;font-size:95%;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khmer_people" title="Khmer people">Khmers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Cambodia" title="Ethnic groups in Cambodia">Ethnic groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cambodian_folklore" title="Category:Cambodian folklore">Folklore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Cambodia" title="History of Cambodia">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Cambodia" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Cambodia">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Cambodia" title="Public holidays in Cambodia">Holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Cambodia" title="Religion in Cambodia">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khmer_script" title="Khmer script">Script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Cambodia" title="Women in Cambodia">Women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Youth_in_Cambodia" title="Youth in Cambodia">Youth</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#E9E9E9;padding:0.1em 0;"> Topics</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.2em 0 0.6em;font-size:95%;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cambodian_art" title="Cambodian art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khmer_architecture" title="Khmer architecture">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khmer_ceramics" title="Khmer ceramics">Ceramics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Cambodia" title="Cinema of Cambodia">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khmer_traditional_clothing" title="Khmer traditional clothing">Clothing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodian_cuisine" title="Cambodian cuisine">Cuisine</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cambodian_royal_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Cambodian royal cuisine">Royal cuisine</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_in_Cambodia" title="Dance in Cambodia">Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodian_literature" title="Cambodian literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Cambodia" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Cambodia">Media</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Newspapers_in_Cambodia" class="mw-redirect" title="Newspapers in Cambodia">Newspapers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Radio_in_Cambodia" title="Category:Radio in Cambodia">Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Cambodia" class="mw-redirect" title="Television in Cambodia">Television</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Cambodia" title="Music of Cambodia">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khmer_sculpture" title="Khmer sculpture">Sculpture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Cambodia" title="Sport in Cambodia">Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_of_Cambodia" title="Theatre of Cambodia">Theatre</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#E9E9E9;padding:0.1em 0;"> <a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_Cambodia" title="National symbols of Cambodia"><span style="color:black;">Symbols</span></a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.2em 0 0.6em;font-size:95%;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Cambodia" title="Flag of Cambodia">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Cambodia" title="Coat of arms of Cambodia">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nokor_Reach" title="Nokor Reach">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Cambodia" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Cambodia">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="border-top:1px solid #003366;border-bottom:1px solid #003366;font-size:95%;"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/16px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/24px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/32px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="640" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Cambodia" title="Portal:Cambodia">Cambodia portal</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Culture_of_Cambodia" title="Template:Culture of Cambodia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Culture_of_Cambodia" title="Template talk:Culture of Cambodia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Culture_of_Cambodia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Culture of Cambodia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Throughout <a href="/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia">Cambodia</a>'s long history, religion has been a major source of cultural inspiration. Over nearly two millennia, Cambodians have developed a unique <a href="/wiki/Cambodians" class="mw-redirect" title="Cambodians">Cambodian</a> culture and belief system from the <a href="/wiki/Syncreticism" class="mw-redirect" title="Syncreticism">syncreticism</a> of indigenous <a href="/wiki/Animistic" class="mw-redirect" title="Animistic">animistic</a> beliefs and the Indian religions of <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a>. Cambodia's achievements in art, architectures, music, and dance from the 9th and 14th century have had a great influence on many neighboring kingdoms, namely Thailand and Laos. The effect of Khmer culture can still be seen today in those countries, as they share many close characteristics with current-day Cambodia.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Tai borrowed from the Khmer many elements of Indianized Khmer culture, including royal ceremonies, customs followed at the court, and especially the Indian epic Ramayana, which influenced not only literature but also classical dance. Even in modern Thai culture the legacy of ancient Khmer culture is still evident. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Cambodia&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Golden age of Cambodia was between the 9th and 14th century, during the <a href="/wiki/Angkor" title="Angkor">Angkor</a> period, during which it was a powerful and prosperous empire that flourished and dominated almost all of inland Southeast Asia.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Angkor eventually collapsed after much intensive in-fighting between royalty and constant warring with its increasingly powerful neighbors, notably Siam and <a href="/wiki/Dai_Viet" class="mw-redirect" title="Dai Viet">Dai Viet</a>. Many temples from this period like <a href="/wiki/Bayon" title="Bayon">Bayon</a> and Angkor Wat still remain today, scattered throughout Thailand, Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam as a reminder of the grandeur of Khmer arts and culture.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Architecture_and_housing">Architecture and housing</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Cambodia&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Architecture and housing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Khmer_architecture" title="Khmer architecture">Khmer architecture</a> and <a href="/wiki/Traditional_Khmer_Housing" title="Traditional Khmer Housing">Traditional Khmer Housing</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:392px;max-width:392px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:193px;max-width:193px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:128px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Khmer_gable_roof.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Khmer_gable_roof.jpg/191px-Khmer_gable_roof.jpg" decoding="async" width="191" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Khmer_gable_roof.jpg/287px-Khmer_gable_roof.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Khmer_gable_roof.jpg/382px-Khmer_gable_roof.jpg 2x" data-file-width="928" data-file-height="625" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Triangular gabled roof depicted on a Bayon's 12th century bas relief still used in today Khmer architecture for palaces and pagodas.</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:195px;max-width:195px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:128px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:05-Wat_Botum-nX-5.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/05-Wat_Botum-nX-5.jpg/193px-05-Wat_Botum-nX-5.jpg" decoding="async" width="193" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/05-Wat_Botum-nX-5.jpg/290px-05-Wat_Botum-nX-5.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/05-Wat_Botum-nX-5.jpg/386px-05-Wat_Botum-nX-5.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5170" data-file-height="3447" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Wat Botum Watey Reacheveraram pagoda in <a href="/wiki/Phnom_Penh" title="Phnom Penh">Phnom Penh</a></div></div></div></div></div> <p>The Angkorian <a href="/wiki/Architects" class="mw-redirect" title="Architects">architects</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sculptors" class="mw-redirect" title="Sculptors">sculptors</a> created temples that mapped the cosmic world in stone. Khmer decorations drew inspiration from religion, and mythical creatures from <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a> were carved on walls. Temples were built in accordance to the rule of ancient <a href="/wiki/Khmer_architecture" title="Khmer architecture">Khmer architecture</a> that dictated that a basic temple layout include a central shrine, a courtyard, an enclosing wall, and a moat. Khmer motifs use many creatures from Buddhist and Hindu mythology, like the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Palace_of_Cambodia" title="Royal Palace of Cambodia">Royal Palace</a> in <a href="/wiki/Phnom_Penh" title="Phnom Penh">Phnom Penh</a>, use motifs such as the <a href="/wiki/Garuda" title="Garuda">garuda</a>, a mythical bird in Hinduism. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Phnom_Penh-Palast-06-Preah_Tineang_Chanchhaya-2007-gje.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Phnom_Penh-Palast-06-Preah_Tineang_Chanchhaya-2007-gje.jpg/200px-Phnom_Penh-Palast-06-Preah_Tineang_Chanchhaya-2007-gje.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Phnom_Penh-Palast-06-Preah_Tineang_Chanchhaya-2007-gje.jpg/300px-Phnom_Penh-Palast-06-Preah_Tineang_Chanchhaya-2007-gje.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Phnom_Penh-Palast-06-Preah_Tineang_Chanchhaya-2007-gje.jpg/400px-Phnom_Penh-Palast-06-Preah_Tineang_Chanchhaya-2007-gje.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>Moonlight pavilion in <a href="/wiki/Phnom_Penh" title="Phnom Penh">Phnom Penh</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cambodian_house.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Cambodian_house.jpg/200px-Cambodian_house.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Cambodian_house.jpg/300px-Cambodian_house.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Cambodian_house.jpg/400px-Cambodian_house.jpg 2x" data-file-width="757" data-file-height="522" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Rural_Khmer_house" title="Rural Khmer house">rural Khmer house</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The architecture of Cambodia developed in stages under the <a href="/wiki/Khmer_Empire" title="Khmer Empire">Khmer Empire</a> from the 9th to the 15th century, preserved in many buildings of the <a href="/wiki/Angkor" title="Angkor">Angkor</a> temple. The remains of secular architecture from this time are rare, as only religious buildings were made of stone. The architecture of the Angkor period used specific structural features and styles, which are one of the main methods used to date the temples, along with inscriptions. </p><p>In modern rural Cambodia, the nuclear family typically lives in a rectangular <a href="/wiki/Rural_Khmer_house" title="Rural Khmer house">house</a> that may vary in size from four by six meters to six by ten meters. It is constructed of a wooden frame with gabled thatch roof and walls of woven bamboo. <a href="/wiki/Rural_Khmer_house" title="Rural Khmer house">Khmer houses</a> are typically raised as much as three meters on stilts for protection from annual floods. Two <a href="/wiki/Rural_Khmer_House#Access" class="mw-redirect" title="Rural Khmer House">ladders</a> or wooden <a href="/wiki/Rural_Khmer_House#Access" class="mw-redirect" title="Rural Khmer House">staircases</a> provide access to the house.<sup id="cite_ref-country_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-country-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A steep thatch roof overhanging the house walls protects the <a href="/wiki/Rural_Khmer_House#Furniture" class="mw-redirect" title="Rural Khmer House">interior</a> from rain. Typically a house contains three rooms separated by partitions of woven bamboo. The front room serves as a living room used to receive visitors, the next room is the parents' bedroom, and the third is for unmarried daughters. Sons sleep anywhere they can find space. Family members and neighbors work together to build the house, and a house-raising ceremony is held upon its completion.<sup id="cite_ref-country_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-country-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The houses of poorer persons may contain only a single large room. Food is prepared in a separate <a href="/wiki/Rural_Khmer_House#Spatial_organisation_of_the_house" class="mw-redirect" title="Rural Khmer House">kitchen</a> located near the house but usually behind it. Toilet facilities consist of simple pits in the ground, <a href="/wiki/Rural_Khmer_House#The_house_in_its_setting" class="mw-redirect" title="Rural Khmer House">located</a> away from the house, that are covered up when filled. Any livestock is kept below the house. Chinese and Vietnamese houses in Cambodian towns and villages are typically built directly on the ground and have earthen, cement, or tile floors, depending upon the economic status of the owner. Urban housing and commercial buildings may be of brick, masonry, or wood.<sup id="cite_ref-country_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-country-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <br /> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed" style="text-align: center;"> <li class="gallerycaption">Architecture of Cambodia</li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 175.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 173.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Angkor_Wat_Temple.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Angkor Wat Temple"><img alt="Angkor Wat Temple" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Angkor_Wat_Temple.jpg/260px-Angkor_Wat_Temple.jpg" decoding="async" width="174" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Angkor_Wat_Temple.jpg/391px-Angkor_Wat_Temple.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Angkor_Wat_Temple.jpg/520px-Angkor_Wat_Temple.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="1080" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Angkor_Wat" title="Angkor Wat">Angkor Wat Temple</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 175.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 173.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Preah-vihear.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Preah Vihear Temple"><img alt="Preah Vihear Temple" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Preah-vihear.jpg/260px-Preah-vihear.jpg" decoding="async" width="174" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Preah-vihear.jpg/391px-Preah-vihear.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Preah-vihear.jpg/520px-Preah-vihear.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Preah_Vihear_Temple" title="Preah Vihear Temple">Preah Vihear Temple</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 197.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 195.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Banteay_Srei_Cambodia.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Banteay Srei Temple"><img alt="Banteay Srei Temple" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Banteay_Srei_Cambodia.jpg/293px-Banteay_Srei_Cambodia.jpg" decoding="async" width="196" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Banteay_Srei_Cambodia.jpg/440px-Banteay_Srei_Cambodia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Banteay_Srei_Cambodia.jpg/585px-Banteay_Srei_Cambodia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="640" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Banteay_Srei" title="Banteay Srei">Banteay Srei Temple</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 233.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 231.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:National_Museum_of_Cambodia_(12106042416).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="National Museum of Cambodia"><img alt="National Museum of Cambodia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/National_Museum_of_Cambodia_%2812106042416%29.jpg/347px-National_Museum_of_Cambodia_%2812106042416%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="232" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/National_Museum_of_Cambodia_%2812106042416%29.jpg/521px-National_Museum_of_Cambodia_%2812106042416%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/National_Museum_of_Cambodia_%2812106042416%29.jpg/694px-National_Museum_of_Cambodia_%2812106042416%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4122" data-file-height="2319" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_Cambodia" title="National Museum of Cambodia">National Museum of Cambodia</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Religion">Religion</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Cambodia&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Cambodia" title="Religion in Cambodia">Religion in Cambodia</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Khmer_Buddhist_Festival.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Khmer_Buddhist_Festival.jpg/220px-Khmer_Buddhist_Festival.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Khmer_Buddhist_Festival.jpg/330px-Khmer_Buddhist_Festival.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Khmer_Buddhist_Festival.jpg/440px-Khmer_Buddhist_Festival.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1266" data-file-height="828" /></a><figcaption>A Buddhist celebration at a Buddhist temple.</figcaption></figure> <p>Cambodia is predominantly <a href="/wiki/Buddhist" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddhist">Buddhist</a> with 80% of the population being <a href="/wiki/Theravada_Buddhist" class="mw-redirect" title="Theravada Buddhist">Theravada Buddhist</a>, 1% Christian and the majority of the remaining population follow <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Atheism" title="Atheism">atheism</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Animism" title="Animism">animism</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Buddhism has existed in Cambodia since at least the 5th century CE. <a href="/wiki/Theravada" title="Theravada">Theravada</a> Buddhism has been the Cambodian state religion since the 13th century CE (excepting the Khmer Rouge period), and is currently estimated to be the faith of 90% of the population.<sup id="cite_ref-ciafact_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ciafact-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A smaller number of Cambodians, mostly of Vietnamese and Chinese descent, practice <a href="/wiki/Mahayana_Buddhism" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahayana Buddhism">Mahayana Buddhism</a>. The main orders of Buddhism practiced in Cambodia are <a href="/wiki/Dhammayuttika_Nikaya" title="Dhammayuttika Nikaya">Dhammayuttika Nikaya</a> and <a href="/wiki/Maha_Nikaya" title="Maha Nikaya">Maha Nikaya</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cambodia_Golden_Maitreya_Buddha.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Cambodia_Golden_Maitreya_Buddha.jpg/170px-Cambodia_Golden_Maitreya_Buddha.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="278" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Cambodia_Golden_Maitreya_Buddha.jpg/255px-Cambodia_Golden_Maitreya_Buddha.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Cambodia_Golden_Maitreya_Buddha.jpg/340px-Cambodia_Golden_Maitreya_Buddha.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="1894" /></a><figcaption>Maitreya Buddha made of gold in the <a href="/wiki/Silver_Pagoda" title="Silver Pagoda">Silver Pagoda</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Palace_of_Cambodia" title="Royal Palace of Cambodia">Royal Palace of Cambodia</a> </figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> is the religion of a majority of the <a href="/wiki/Cham_(Asia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cham (Asia)">Cham</a> and <a href="/wiki/Malay_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Malay people">Malay</a> ethnic minorities (both also known under the umbrella term "Khmer Islam") in <a href="/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia">Cambodia</a>. According to <a href="/wiki/Po_Dharma" title="Po Dharma">Po Dharma</a>, there were 150,000 to 200,000 <a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslims</a> in Cambodia as late as 1975. Persecution under the <a href="/wiki/Khmer_Rouge" title="Khmer Rouge">Khmer Rouge</a> eroded their numbers, however, and by the late 1980s they probably had not regained their former strength. All of the Cham Muslims are <a href="/wiki/Sunni" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunni">Sunnis</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Shafi%27i" class="mw-redirect" title="Shafi'i">Shafi'i</a> school. Po Dharma divides the Muslim Cham in Cambodia into a traditionalist branch and an orthodox branch. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> was introduced into Cambodia by Roman Catholic missionaries in 1660. It made little headway at first, particularly among <a href="/wiki/Khmer_people" title="Khmer people">Khmer</a> Buddhists. In 1972 there were probably about 20,000 Christians in Cambodia, most of whom were <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholics" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholics">Roman Catholics</a>. According to <a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Vatican</a> statistics, in 1953, members of the Roman Catholic Church in Cambodia numbered 120,000, making it at that time the second largest religion in the country.<sup id="cite_ref-country_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-country-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In April 1970, just before repatriation, estimates indicate that about 50,000 Catholics were Vietnamese. Many of the Catholics remaining in Cambodia in 1972 were Europeans—chiefly French. American Protestant missionary activity increased in Cambodia, especially among some of the hill tribes and among the Cham, after the establishment of the Khmer Republic. The 1962 census, which reported 2,000 <a href="/wiki/Protestants" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestants">Protestants</a> in Cambodia, remains the most recent statistic for the group.<sup id="cite_ref-country_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-country-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Observers reported that in 1980 there were more registered Khmer Christians among the refugees in camps in Thailand than in all of Cambodia before 1970. Kiernan notes that, until June 1980, five weekly Protestant services were held in Phnom Penh by a Khmer pastor, but that they had been reduced to a single weekly service after police harassment.<sup id="cite_ref-country_6-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-country-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are around 21,300 Catholics in Cambodia which represents only 0.15% of the total population. There are no dioceses, but there are three territorial jurisdictions - one <a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Vicariate" class="mw-redirect" title="Apostolic Vicariate">Apostolic Vicariate</a> and two <a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Prefecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Apostolic Prefecture">Apostolic Prefectures</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Khmer_pagoda_in_Prek_Leap.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Khmer_pagoda_in_Prek_Leap.jpg/220px-Khmer_pagoda_in_Prek_Leap.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Khmer_pagoda_in_Prek_Leap.jpg/330px-Khmer_pagoda_in_Prek_Leap.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Khmer_pagoda_in_Prek_Leap.jpg/440px-Khmer_pagoda_in_Prek_Leap.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>Khmer pagoda in Prek Leap</figcaption></figure> <p>Highland tribal groups, most with their own local religious systems, probably number fewer than 100,000 persons. The <a href="/wiki/Khmer_Loeu" title="Khmer Loeu">Khmer Loeu</a> have been loosely described as <a href="/wiki/Animists" class="mw-redirect" title="Animists">animists</a>, but most tribal groups have their own pantheon of local spirits. In general they see their world filled with various invisible spirits (often called yang), some benevolent, others malevolent. They associate spirits with rice, soil, water, fire, stones, paths, and so forth. Sorcerers or specialists in each village contact these spirits and prescribe ways to appease them.<sup id="cite_ref-country_6-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-country-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In times of crisis or change, animal sacrifices may be made to placate the anger of the spirits. Illness is often believed to be caused by evil spirits or sorcerers. Some tribes have special medicine men or <a href="/wiki/Shamans" class="mw-redirect" title="Shamans">shamans</a> who treat the sick. In addition to belief in spirits, villagers believe in taboos on many objects or practices. Among the Khmer Loeu, the <a href="/wiki/E_De_people" class="mw-redirect" title="E De people">Rhade</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jarai_people" title="Jarai people">Jarai</a> groups have a well-developed hierarchy of spirits with a supreme ruler at its head.<sup id="cite_ref-country_6-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-country-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ways_of_life">Ways of life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Cambodia&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Ways of life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pchum_Ben_Khmer.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Pchum_Ben_Khmer.png/200px-Pchum_Ben_Khmer.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="198" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Pchum_Ben_Khmer.png/300px-Pchum_Ben_Khmer.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Pchum_Ben_Khmer.png/400px-Pchum_Ben_Khmer.png 2x" data-file-width="740" data-file-height="732" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Pchum_Ben" title="Pchum Ben">Pchum Ben</a>, also known as "Ancestors' Day".</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Birth_and_death_rituals">Birth and death rituals</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Cambodia&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Birth and death rituals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The birth of a child is a happy event for the family. According to traditional beliefs, however, confinement and childbirth expose the family, and especially the mother and the child to harm from the spirit world. A woman who dies in childbirth—crosses the river (<i>chhlâng tónlé</i>) in Khmer is believed to become an evil spirit.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="ungrammatical (June 2015)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In traditional Khmer society, a pregnant woman respects a number of food taboos and avoids certain situations. These traditions remain in practice in rural Cambodia, but they have become weakened in urban areas.<sup id="cite_ref-families_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-families-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Death is not viewed with the great outpouring of grief common to Western society; it is viewed as the end of one life and as the beginning of another life that one hopes will be better. Buddhist Khmer usually are cremated, and their ashes are deposited in a stupa in the temple compound. A corpse is washed, dressed, and placed in a coffin, which may be decorated with flowers and with a photograph of the deceased. White pennant-shaped flags, called "white crocodile flags," outside a house indicate that someone in that household has died.<sup id="cite_ref-families_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-families-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A funeral procession consisting of an <a href="/wiki/Acharya" title="Acharya">achar</a>, Buddhist monks, members of the family, and other mourners accompanies the coffin to the crematorium. The spouse and the children show mourning by shaving their heads and by wearing white clothing. Relics such as teeth or pieces of bone are prized by the survivors, and they are often worn on gold chains as amulets.<sup id="cite_ref-families_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-families-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Childhood_and_adolescence">Childhood and adolescence</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Cambodia&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Childhood and adolescence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Childhood_and_adolescence_in_Cambodia" class="mw-redirect" title="Childhood and adolescence in Cambodia">Childhood and adolescence in Cambodia</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:School_kids_jumping_in_Cambodia_(13578591625).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/School_kids_jumping_in_Cambodia_%2813578591625%29.jpg/220px-School_kids_jumping_in_Cambodia_%2813578591625%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/School_kids_jumping_in_Cambodia_%2813578591625%29.jpg/330px-School_kids_jumping_in_Cambodia_%2813578591625%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/School_kids_jumping_in_Cambodia_%2813578591625%29.jpg/440px-School_kids_jumping_in_Cambodia_%2813578591625%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7200" data-file-height="4046" /></a><figcaption>Primary school kids in <a href="/wiki/Kampot_province" title="Kampot province">Kampot province</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>A Cambodian child may be nursed until two to four years of age. Up to the age of three or four, the child is given considerable physical affection and freedom. Children around five years of age also may be expected to help look after younger siblings. Children's games emphasize socialization or skill rather than winning and losing.<sup id="cite_ref-families_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-families-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Normally, children start school when they reach the age of 6 years old. By the time they reach this age, they are familiar with the society's norms of politeness, obedience, and respect toward their elders and toward Buddhist monks. The father at this time begins his permanent retreat into a relatively remote, authoritarian role. By age ten, a girl is expected to help her mother in basic household tasks; a boy knows how to care for the family's livestock and can do farm work under the supervision of older males. Adolescent children usually play with members of the same sex. During his teens, a boy may become a temple servant and go on to serve a time as a novice monk, which is a great honor for the parents.<sup id="cite_ref-families_8-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-families-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In pre-communist days, parents exerted complete authority over their children until the children were married, and the parents continued to maintain some control well into the marriage. Age difference is strictly recognized with polite vocabulary and special generational terms for "you".<sup id="cite_ref-families_8-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-families-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Courtship,_marriage,_and_divorce"><span id="Courtship.2C_marriage.2C_and_divorce"></span>Courtship, marriage, and divorce</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Cambodia&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Courtship, marriage, and divorce"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Courtship,_marriage,_and_divorce_in_Cambodia" title="Courtship, marriage, and divorce in Cambodia">Courtship, marriage, and divorce in Cambodia</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Khmer_couple_in_wedding_attires.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Khmer_couple_in_wedding_attires.jpg/200px-Khmer_couple_in_wedding_attires.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="314" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Khmer_couple_in_wedding_attires.jpg/300px-Khmer_couple_in_wedding_attires.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Khmer_couple_in_wedding_attires.jpg/400px-Khmer_couple_in_wedding_attires.jpg 2x" data-file-width="644" data-file-height="1012" /></a><figcaption>Khmer couple in wedding attires</figcaption></figure> <p>In Cambodia, premarital sex is deplored. The choice of a spouse is a complex one for the young male, and it may involve not only his parents and his friends, as well as those of the young woman, but also a matchmaker and a <a href="/wiki/Hora_(astrology)" title="Hora (astrology)"><i>haora</i></a> (a Khmer "fortuneteller" versed in Indian astrology). In theory, a girl may veto the spouse her parents have chosen for her. Courtship patterns differ between rural and urban Khmer; marriage as a culmination of romantic love is a notion that exists to a much greater extent in larger cities. </p><p>A man usually marries between the ages of nineteen and twenty-five, a girl between the ages of sixteen and twenty-two. After a spouse has been selected, each family investigates the other to make sure its child is marrying into a good family. In rural areas, there is a form of bride-service; that is, the young man may take a vow to serve his prospective father-in-law for a period of time. By tradition, the youngest daughter and her spouse are expected to live with and care for her ageing parents and their land. </p><p>The traditional wedding is a long and colorful affair. Formerly it lasted three days, but in the 1980s it more commonly lasted a day and a half. Buddhist priests offer a short sermon and recite prayers of blessing. Parts of the ceremony involve ritual hair cutting, tying cotton threads soaked in holy water around the bride's and groom's wrists, and passing a candle around a circle of happily married and respected couples to bless the union. After the wedding, a banquet is held. Newlyweds traditionally move in with the wife's parents and may live with them up to a year, until they can build a new house nearby.<sup id="cite_ref-families_8-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-families-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The majority of married Cambodian couples do not obtain legal marriage documents. Marriage is seen more as a social institution, regulated by societal pressures, expectations and norms, than a legal matter. This practice continues today. All that is necessary for a couple to be considered married by the community is to have a ceremony, after which a party is often held for family, friends and well-wishers to celebrate. This is how the overwhelming majority of Cambodian couples marry. Whether these traditional marriages are considered legal contracts by the government and courts is unclear. Therefore, when a couple separate, they likewise need not obtain divorce documents. </p><p>Divorce is legal and relatively easy to obtain, but not common.<sup id="cite_ref-families_8-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-families-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Divorced persons are viewed with some disapproval. Each spouse retains whatever property he or she brought into the marriage, and jointly-acquired property is divided equally. Divorced persons may remarry, but the woman must wait 300 days according to article 9 of Marriage and Family Law. Custody of minor children is usually given to the mother, and both parents continue to have an obligation to contribute financially toward the rearing and education of the child.<sup id="cite_ref-families_8-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-families-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The divorced male doesn't have a waiting period before he can remarry.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The consequences of the social upheaval caused by the <a href="/wiki/Cambodian_Civil_War" title="Cambodian Civil War">Cambodian Civil War</a> is still being felt. At present there is variation in tradition from province to province. In Siem Reap, it is widely understood, for example, that the man takes the first-born child upon separation. Men who leave their families typically do not support their other children, especially when they leave one woman for another woman. The new woman and her family will not accept children from a previous relationship. This is also an important source of the 70% or so of non orphans living in fake orphanages around cities in Cambodia which are tourist focal points.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Social_organization">Social organization</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Cambodia&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Social organization"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Social_organization_in_Cambodia" title="Social organization in Cambodia">Social organization in Cambodia</a></div> <p>Khmer culture is very <a href="/wiki/Hierarchical" class="mw-redirect" title="Hierarchical">hierarchical</a>. The greater a person's age, the greater the level of respect that must be granted to them. Cambodians are addressed with a hierarchical title corresponding to their seniority before the name. When a married couple becomes too old to support themselves, they may invite the youngest child's family to move in and to take over running the household. At this stage in their lives, they enjoy a position of high status.<sup id="cite_ref-families_8-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-families-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The individual Khmer is surrounded by a small inner circle of family and friends who constitute his or her closest associates, those he would approach first for help. The nuclear family, consisting of a husband and a wife and their unmarried children, is the most important kin group. Within this unit are the strongest emotional ties, the assurance of aid in the event of trouble, economic cooperation in labor, sharing of produce and income, and contribution as a unit to ceremonial obligations. In rural communities, neighbors—who are often also kin—may be important, too.<sup id="cite_ref-household_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-household-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Fictive child-parent, sibling, and close friend relationships Cambodia transcend kinship boundaries and serve to strengthen interpersonal and interfamily ties. Beyond this close circle are more distant relatives and casual friends. In rural Cambodia, the strongest ties a Khmer may develop—besides those to the nuclear family and to close friends—are those to other members of the local community. A strong feeling of pride—for the village, for the district, and province—usually characterizes Cambodian community life.<sup id="cite_ref-household_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-household-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Legally, the husband is the head of the Khmer family, but the wife has considerable authority, especially in family economics. The husband is responsible for providing shelter and food for his family; the wife is generally in charge of the family budget, and she serves as the major ethical and religious model for the children, especially the daughters. Both husbands and wives are responsible for domestic economic tasks.<sup id="cite_ref-household_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-household-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Customs">Customs</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Cambodia&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Customs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Khmer_greeting.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Khmer_greeting.jpg/220px-Khmer_greeting.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Khmer_greeting.jpg/330px-Khmer_greeting.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Khmer_greeting.jpg/440px-Khmer_greeting.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="640" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sampeah" title="Sampeah">Sampeah</a> (Cambodian greeting)</figcaption></figure> <p>In Khmer culture a person's <a href="/wiki/Human_head" title="Human head">head</a> is believed to contain the person's <a href="/wiki/Soul" title="Soul">soul</a>—therefore making it <a href="/wiki/Taboo" title="Taboo">taboo</a> to touch or point one's feet at it. It is also considered to be extremely disrespectful to use the feet to point out a person, or to sit or sleep with the soles of the feet pointing at a person, as the feet are the lowest part of the body and are considered to be impure. </p><p>When greeting people or to show respect in Cambodia people do the "<a href="/wiki/Sampeah" title="Sampeah">sampeah</a>" gesture, identical to the Indian <a href="/wiki/Namaste" title="Namaste">namaste</a> and Thai <a href="/wiki/Thai_greeting" title="Thai greeting">wai</a>. </p><p>Customary Cambodian teachings are laid out in verse form in long works from the 14th to 18th centuries collectively called <i>Chhbap</i> ("rules" or "codes").<sup id="cite_ref-Ledge_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ledge-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These were traditionally learned by rote. Works such as the <i>Chhbap Pros</i> ("Boy's Code"), <i>Chhbap Srey</i> ("Girl's Code") and <i>Chhbap Peak Chas</i> ("Code of Ancient Words") gave such advice as: a person that does not wake up before sunrise is lazy; a child must tell parents or elders where they go and what time they will return home; always close doors gently, otherwise a bad temper will be assumed; sit in a chair with the legs straight down and not crossed (crossing the legs is a mark of an impolite person); and always let the other person do more talking. </p><p>In Cambodia it is not polite to make eye contact with someone who is older or someone who is considered a superior. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Clothing">Clothing</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Cambodia&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Clothing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Cambodian_clothing" class="mw-redirect" title="Cambodian clothing">Cambodian clothing</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Centre_national_de_la_soie_(Artisans_dAngkor)._(2517376127).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Centre_national_de_la_soie_%28Artisans_dAngkor%29._%282517376127%29.jpg/200px-Centre_national_de_la_soie_%28Artisans_dAngkor%29._%282517376127%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="267" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Centre_national_de_la_soie_%28Artisans_dAngkor%29._%282517376127%29.jpg/300px-Centre_national_de_la_soie_%28Artisans_dAngkor%29._%282517376127%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Centre_national_de_la_soie_%28Artisans_dAngkor%29._%282517376127%29.jpg/400px-Centre_national_de_la_soie_%28Artisans_dAngkor%29._%282517376127%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Traditional male clothing</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hanging_or_Cover_(pidan_hol)_LACMA_AC1996.17.1_(2_of_2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Hanging_or_Cover_%28pidan_hol%29_LACMA_AC1996.17.1_%282_of_2%29.jpg/200px-Hanging_or_Cover_%28pidan_hol%29_LACMA_AC1996.17.1_%282_of_2%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="258" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Hanging_or_Cover_%28pidan_hol%29_LACMA_AC1996.17.1_%282_of_2%29.jpg/300px-Hanging_or_Cover_%28pidan_hol%29_LACMA_AC1996.17.1_%282_of_2%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Hanging_or_Cover_%28pidan_hol%29_LACMA_AC1996.17.1_%282_of_2%29.jpg/400px-Hanging_or_Cover_%28pidan_hol%29_LACMA_AC1996.17.1_%282_of_2%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="658" data-file-height="850" /></a><figcaption>Cambodian <a href="/wiki/Pidan_(textile)" title="Pidan (textile)">Pidan</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Clothing in Cambodia is one of the most important aspects of the culture. Cambodian fashion differs according to ethnic group and social class. Khmer people traditionally wear a checkered scarf called a <i><a href="/wiki/Krama" title="Krama">Krama</a></i>. The "krama" is what distinctly separates the Khmer (Cambodians) from their neighbors the Thai, the Vietnamese, and the Laotians. The scarf is used for many purposes including for style, protection from the sun, an aid (for the feet) when climbing trees, a <a href="/wiki/Hammock" title="Hammock">hammock</a> for infants, a towel, or as a "<a href="/wiki/Sarong" title="Sarong">sarong</a>". A "krama" can also be easily shaped into a small child's doll for play. Under the <a href="/wiki/Khmer_Rouge" title="Khmer Rouge">Khmer Rouge</a>, krama of various patterns were part of standard clothing. </p><p>The long-popular traditional garment known as the <i><a href="/wiki/Sampot" title="Sampot">Sampot</a></i>, is an <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">Indian</a>-influenced costume which Cambodians have worn since the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Funan" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Funan">Funan</a> era. Historically, Khmer clothing has changed depending on the time period and <a href="/wiki/Religion" title="Religion">religion</a>. From the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Funan" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Funan">Funan</a> era to the <a href="/wiki/Khmer_Empire" title="Khmer Empire">Angkor Era</a>, there was a strong <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hindu</a> influence in Cambodian fashion which favored wearing <a href="/wiki/Sampot" title="Sampot">Sampots</a> over the lower body and oftentimes nothing from the waist up except jewelry including bracelets and collars such as the <i>Sarong Kor</i>, a symbol of <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a>. </p><p>As <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a> began to replace <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a>, Khmer people started wearing the <a href="/wiki/Blouse" title="Blouse">blouse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shirt" title="Shirt">shirt</a> and <a href="/wiki/Trouser" class="mw-redirect" title="Trouser">trousers</a> of Khmer style.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Khmer people, both common and royal, stopped wearing the Hindu-style collars and began to adopt beautiful decorated shawls such as <i>Sbai</i> instead.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> This new clothing style was popular in the <a href="/wiki/Dark_ages_of_Cambodia" class="mw-redirect" title="Dark ages of Cambodia">Udong period</a>. In fact, a Khmer lady habitually chooses the right colour for her <a href="/wiki/Sampot" title="Sampot">Sampot</a> or blouse, both to please herself and to follow the costume of good luck. </p><p>Some Cambodians still wear a religious style of clothing. Some Khmer men and women wear a Buddha pendant on a necklace. There are different pendants for different uses; some are meant for protection from evil spirits, some are meant to bring good luck. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Khmer_silk_textile_cloth.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Khmer_silk_textile_cloth.jpg/200px-Khmer_silk_textile_cloth.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="212" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Khmer_silk_textile_cloth.jpg/300px-Khmer_silk_textile_cloth.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Khmer_silk_textile_cloth.jpg/400px-Khmer_silk_textile_cloth.jpg 2x" data-file-width="747" data-file-height="792" /></a><figcaption>Collection of Khmer silk cloths (sompot phamuong)</figcaption></figure> <p>Otherwise, in the notable class people in Cambodia, especially the royal caste, have adapted a well known dress as well as expensive fashion style. <i><a href="/wiki/Sampot" title="Sampot">Sampot</a></i> is still well recognized among the royalty. Since the Udong period, most royalty have retained their dressing habits. Female royalty created the most attractive fashion. The lady always wears a traditional cape called <i>sbai</i> or <i>rabai kanorng</i>, which is draped over the left shoulder, leaving the right shoulder bare. Rarely was the cape worn over the right shoulder. The sbai or rabai kanorng would have been sumptuously fashioned in the old days in threads of genuine gold or silver. The cape in the old days would have hung down to the hem of the <a href="/wiki/Sampot" title="Sampot">Sampot</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Khmer_dress.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Khmer_dress.jpg/200px-Khmer_dress.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="266" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Khmer_dress.jpg/300px-Khmer_dress.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Khmer_dress.jpg/400px-Khmer_dress.jpg 2x" data-file-width="736" data-file-height="980" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Khmer_people" title="Khmer people">Khmer</a> couple in traditional clothing</figcaption></figure> <p>Dancers wear a collar known as <i>Sarong Kor</i> around their necks. Importantly, they wear a unique skirt called <i>Sampot sara-bhap</i> (lamé), made from silk inter-woven with gold or silver threads, forming elaborate and intricate designs that shimmer as the dancers move. This is held in place with a bejewelled belt. A multitude of jewellery is also worn by the female dancers. These include earrings, several pairs of bangles, a garland of flowers in the form of a bracelet, bracelets, anklets and an armlet that is worn on the right. Several body chains cross over the body like a sash. A circular or diamond-shaped pendant is worn around the neck. </p><p>There are several different types of <span title="Khmer-language romanization"><i lang="km-Latn">mokot</i></span> worn by female royalty. The typical <span title="Khmer-language romanization"><i lang="km-Latn">mokots</i></span> that are worn are much similar to those of male royalty. Some crowns are just like tiaras where at the back of the <span title="Khmer-language romanization"><i lang="km-Latn">mokot</i></span> hair is let loose, cascading down the back. Other <span title="Khmer-language romanization"><i lang="km-Latn">mokots</i></span> have a few accessories such as earpieces that would sit above the ear and help hold the <span title="Khmer-language romanization"><i lang="km-Latn">mokot</i></span> in place while a comb at the back is just an added accessory. Flowers are also worn on the <span title="Khmer-language romanization"><i lang="km-Latn">mokot</i></span> in the same style, but the hanging garlands of flowers are worn on the left and the bouquet is worn on the right. The best example of these royal clothes is illustrated by Khmer classical dance costumes, which are an adaptation of the royalty costume. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cuisine">Cuisine</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Cambodia&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Cuisine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Cambodian_cuisine" title="Cambodian cuisine">Cambodian cuisine</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Amok_trey_khmer.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Amok_trey_khmer.jpg/200px-Amok_trey_khmer.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Amok_trey_khmer.jpg/300px-Amok_trey_khmer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Amok_trey_khmer.jpg/400px-Amok_trey_khmer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="735" data-file-height="691" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Amok_Trey" class="mw-redirect" title="Amok Trey">Amok Trey</a>, Cambodia’s national dish </figcaption></figure> <p>Due to the sustained historic interaction and shared influences, Cambodian cuisine has many similarities with its neighbouring <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asian_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Southeast Asian cuisine">Southeast Asian cuisines</a> of <a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Thailand" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuisine of Thailand">Thailand</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Laos" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuisine of Laos">Laos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Vietnam" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuisine of Vietnam">Vietnam</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Indonesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuisine of Indonesia">Indonesia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Cambodian_cuisine" title="Cambodian cuisine">Cambodian cuisine</a> is known for using <a href="/wiki/Fish_sauce" title="Fish sauce">fish sauce</a> in soups, stir-fried cuisine, and as dippings. The <a href="/wiki/Chinese_cuisine" title="Chinese cuisine">Chinese</a> influence can be noted in the common <i>chha</i> (<a href="/wiki/Khmer_language" title="Khmer language">Khmer</a>: <span lang="km">ឆារ</span>, <a href="/wiki/Stir_frying" title="Stir frying">Stir frying</a>) and in the use of many variations of rice <a href="/wiki/Chinese_noodles" title="Chinese noodles">noodles</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Cambodian" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese Cambodian">Chinese-Cambodian</a> cuisine, a popular dish is a "pork broth rice noodle soup", called <i>kuy tieu</i> (<a href="/wiki/Khmer_language" title="Khmer language">Khmer</a>: <span lang="km">គុយទាវ</span>). Indian influenced dishes include many types of <a href="/wiki/Curry" title="Curry">curry</a> known as <i>kari</i> (<a href="/wiki/Khmer_language" title="Khmer language">Khmer</a>: <span lang="km">ការី</span>) that call for dried spices such as star anise, cardamom, cinnamon, nutmeg and fennel as well as local ingredients like lemongrass, garlic, kaffir lime leaves, shallots and galangal that give dishes a distinctive Cambodian flavor.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Banh chaew</i> (<a href="/wiki/Khmer_language" title="Khmer language">Khmer</a>: <span lang="km">នំបាញ់ឆែវ</span>), the Khmer version of the Vietnamese <i><a href="/wiki/Banh_xeo" class="mw-redirect" title="Banh xeo">bánh xèo</a></i>, is also a popular dish. </p><p>Khmer cuisine is noted for the use of <a href="/wiki/Prahok" title="Prahok">prahok</a> (ប្រហុក), a type of <a href="/wiki/Fermentation_(food)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fermentation (food)">fermented</a> <a href="/wiki/Fish" title="Fish">fish</a> paste, in many dishes as a distinctive flavoring. When prahok is not used, it is likely to be <i>kapǐ</i> (កាពិ) instead, a kind of fermented shrimp paste. <a href="/wiki/Coconut_milk" title="Coconut milk">Coconut milk</a> is the main ingredient of many Khmer curries and desserts. Cambodians prefer either <a href="/wiki/Jasmine_rice" title="Jasmine rice">jasmine rice</a> or <a href="/wiki/Sticky_rice" class="mw-redirect" title="Sticky rice">sticky</a> (glutinous) rice. The latter is used more in dessert dishes with fruits such as <a href="/wiki/Durian" title="Durian">durian</a> while jasmine rice is eaten with meals. Almost every meal is eaten with a bowl of rice. Typically, Cambodians eat their meals with at least three or four separate dishes. </p><p>Regional Cambodian cuisine offers some unique dishes influenced by the traditions of local ethnic groups. In <a href="/wiki/Kampot_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Kampot Province">Kampot</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kep_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Kep Province">Kep</a>, known for its Stir-fried crab with <a href="/wiki/Kampot_(pepper)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kampot (pepper)">Kampot peppercorn</a> (<a href="/wiki/Khmer_language" title="Khmer language">Khmer</a>: <span lang="km">ក្តាមឆាម្រេចខ្ជី</span>, <i>kdam chha mrech Kampot</i>). This dish is prepared with a local crab fried with the <a href="/wiki/Black_pepper" title="Black pepper">black pepper</a> from area pepper fields. <a href="/wiki/Kula_people_(Asia)" title="Kula people (Asia)">Kula people</a>, an ethnic group of <a href="/wiki/Pailin_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Pailin Province">Pailin Province</a>, originated <a href="/wiki/Kola_noodles" class="mw-redirect" title="Kola noodles">Kola noodles</a> (<a href="/wiki/Khmer_language" title="Khmer language">Khmer</a>: <span lang="km">មីកុឡា</span>, <i>mee Kola</i>), a vegetarian <a href="/wiki/Rice_stick" class="mw-redirect" title="Rice stick">rice stick</a> noodle dish. In southeastern <a href="/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia">Cambodia</a>, the influence of Vietnamese cuisine are strong, evidenced by <i><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A1nh_tr%C3%A1ng" title="Bánh tráng">bánh tráng</a></i> which is ubiquitous in southeastern <a href="/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia">Cambodia</a> but virtually unknown elsewhere. The region between <a href="/wiki/Siem_Reap" title="Siem Reap">Siem Reap</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kampong_Thom_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Kampong Thom City">Kampong Thom</a>, an area with many <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Cambodian" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese Cambodian">Chinese Cambodians</a>, displays Khmer versions of many Chinese dishes. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Arts_and_literature">Arts and literature</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Cambodia&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Arts and literature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nice_masks_(14165158578).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Nice_masks_%2814165158578%29.jpg/220px-Nice_masks_%2814165158578%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Nice_masks_%2814165158578%29.jpg/330px-Nice_masks_%2814165158578%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Nice_masks_%2814165158578%29.jpg/440px-Nice_masks_%2814165158578%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="454" /></a><figcaption>Khmer musical instruments and theatre masks</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Visual_arts">Visual arts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Cambodia&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Visual arts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Visual_arts_of_Cambodia" class="mw-redirect" title="Visual arts of Cambodia">Visual arts of Cambodia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Khmer_sculpture" title="Khmer sculpture">Khmer sculpture</a></div> <p>The history of visual arts in <a href="/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia">Cambodia</a> stretches back centuries to ancient crafts; Khmer art reached its peak during the <a href="/wiki/Angkor" title="Angkor">Angkor</a> period. Traditional Cambodian arts and crafts include <a href="/wiki/Textiles" class="mw-redirect" title="Textiles">textiles</a>, non-textile <a href="/wiki/Weaving" title="Weaving">weaving</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Cambodian_mat" title="Cambodian mat">Cambodian mats</a>, <a href="/wiki/Silversmithing" class="mw-redirect" title="Silversmithing">silversmithing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stone_carving" title="Stone carving">stone carving</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lacquerware" title="Lacquerware">lacquerware</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pottery" title="Pottery">ceramics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wat" title="Wat">wat</a> <a href="/wiki/Murals" class="mw-redirect" title="Murals">murals</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kite" title="Kite">kite</a>-making. Beginning in the mid-20th century, a tradition of modern art began in Cambodia, though in the later 20th century both traditional and modern arts declined for several reasons, including the killing of artists by the <a href="/wiki/Khmer_Rouge" title="Khmer Rouge">Khmer Rouge</a>. The country has experienced a recent artistic revival due to increased support from governments, NGOs, and foreign tourists. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Music">Music</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Cambodia&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Cambodia" title="Music of Cambodia">Music of Cambodia</a></div><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:13124825_10154198215426912_2032082222824088027_n-e1557325471544.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/13124825_10154198215426912_2032082222824088027_n-e1557325471544.jpg/220px-13124825_10154198215426912_2032082222824088027_n-e1557325471544.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/13124825_10154198215426912_2032082222824088027_n-e1557325471544.jpg/330px-13124825_10154198215426912_2032082222824088027_n-e1557325471544.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/13124825_10154198215426912_2032082222824088027_n-e1557325471544.jpg/440px-13124825_10154198215426912_2032082222824088027_n-e1557325471544.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="642" /></a><figcaption>Traditional Khmer music performance</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Khmer_style_gong.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Khmer_style_gong.JPG/220px-Khmer_style_gong.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Khmer_style_gong.JPG/330px-Khmer_style_gong.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Khmer_style_gong.JPG/440px-Khmer_style_gong.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2715" data-file-height="1797" /></a><figcaption>Cambodian musical instruments</figcaption></figure> <p>Especially in the 60s and 70s, the 'big two' duet of <a href="/wiki/Sinn_Sisamouth" title="Sinn Sisamouth">Sinn Sisamouth</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ros_Serey_Sothea" title="Ros Serey Sothea">Ros Serey Sothea</a> had been a large hit in the country. However, after their deaths, new music stars have tried to bring back the music. Cambodian music has undergone heavy Westernization. </p><p>The Cambodian pinpeat ensemble is traditionally heard on feast days in the pagodas. It is also a court ensemble used to accompany classical dance for ritual occasions or theatrical events. The pinpeat is primarily made up of percussion instruments: the roneat ek (lead xylophone), roneat thung (low bamboo xylophone), kong vong touch and kong vong thom (small and large sets of tuned gongs), sampho (two-sided drum), skor thom (two large drums), and sralai (quadruple-reed instrument). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dance">Dance</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Cambodia&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Dance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Dance_in_Cambodia" title="Dance in Cambodia">Dance in Cambodia</a></div> <p>Cambodian dance can be divided into three main categories: classical dance, folk dances, and vernacular dances. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cambodge_Khmer_new_year_2.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Cambodge_Khmer_new_year_2.JPG/220px-Cambodge_Khmer_new_year_2.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Cambodge_Khmer_new_year_2.JPG/330px-Cambodge_Khmer_new_year_2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Cambodge_Khmer_new_year_2.JPG/440px-Cambodge_Khmer_new_year_2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3067" data-file-height="1641" /></a><figcaption>Khmer <a href="/wiki/Dance_in_Cambodia" title="Dance in Cambodia">folk dance</a></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Khmer_classical_dance" class="mw-redirect" title="Khmer classical dance">Khmer classical dance</a> is a form of Cambodian dance originally performed only for royalty. The dances have many elements in common with <a href="/wiki/Thai_dance" class="mw-redirect" title="Thai dance">Thai classical dance</a>. During the mid-20th century, it was introduced to the public, where it now remains a celebrated icon of Khmer culture, often being performed during public events, holidays, and for tourists visiting Cambodia. Khmer classical dance is famous for its use of the hands and feet to express emotion; there are 4,000 different gestures in this type of dance. Khmer classical dance, also known as the royal ballet of Cambodia, has been selected as one of <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Masterpieces_of_the_Oral_and_Intangible_Heritage_of_Humanity" title="Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity">Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Robam_khmer.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Robam_khmer.jpg/220px-Robam_khmer.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Robam_khmer.jpg/330px-Robam_khmer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Robam_khmer.jpg/440px-Robam_khmer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="958" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Royal_ballet_of_Cambodia" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal ballet of Cambodia">Khmer royal ballet</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Khmer folk dances, which are performed for audiences, are fast-paced. The movements and gestures are not as stylized as Khmer classical dance. Folk dancers wear clothes of the people they are portraying such as <a href="/wiki/Cham_(Asia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cham (Asia)">Chams</a>, hill tribes, farmers, and peasants. The folk dance music is played by a <a href="/wiki/Mahori" title="Mahori">mahori</a> orchestra. A popular folk dance is the Cambodian coconut dance which is a dance performance involving coconuts with male and female dancers. The dance originated around 1960 from <a href="/wiki/Romeas_Haek_District" title="Romeas Haek District">Romeas Haek District</a> in <a href="/wiki/Svay_Rieng_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Svay Rieng Province">Svay Rieng Province</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cambodian <a href="/wiki/Vernacular_dance" title="Vernacular dance">vernacular dances</a> (or <a href="/wiki/Social_dance" title="Social dance">social dances</a>) are those danced at social gatherings. Such dances include <i><a href="/wiki/Romvong" title="Romvong">Romvong</a></i>, <i>Rom Kbach</i>, <i>Rom Saravan,</i> and <i>Lam Leav</i>. Some of these dances have been influenced by the traditional dances of <a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</a>. Other dances, such as <i>Rom Kbach</i>, borrow heavily from the classical dance of the royal court. Other social dances from around the world have influenced Cambodian social culture including the <a href="/wiki/Cha-cha-cha_(dance)" title="Cha-cha-cha (dance)">cha-cha</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Bolero" title="Bolero">bolero</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Madison_(dance)" title="Madison (dance)">Madison</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Literature">Literature</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Cambodia&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Literature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Literature_of_Cambodia" class="mw-redirect" title="Literature of Cambodia">Literature of Cambodia</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vorvong-Sorvong-tale-Pavie9.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Vorvong-Sorvong-tale-Pavie9.jpg/175px-Vorvong-Sorvong-tale-Pavie9.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="294" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Vorvong-Sorvong-tale-Pavie9.jpg/263px-Vorvong-Sorvong-tale-Pavie9.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b4/Vorvong-Sorvong-tale-Pavie9.jpg 2x" data-file-width="331" data-file-height="556" /></a><figcaption>The tale of Vorvong & Sorvong illustration, a Khmer 19th century drawing.</figcaption></figure> <p>A testimony of the antiquity of the Khmer language are the multitude of <a href="/wiki/Epigraphy" title="Epigraphy">epigraphic</a> inscriptions on stone. The first written proof that has allowed the history of the Khmer Kingdom to be reconstructed are those inscriptions. These writings on columns, <a href="/wiki/Stele" title="Stele">stelae</a> and walls throw light on the royal lineages, religious edicts, territorial conquests and internal organization of the kingdom. </p><p>Following the stone inscriptions, some of the oldest Khmer documents are translations and commentaries of the <a href="/wiki/Pali" title="Pali">Pali</a> <a href="/wiki/Buddhist" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddhist">Buddhist</a> texts of the <a href="/wiki/Tripitaka" class="mw-redirect" title="Tripitaka">Tripitaka</a>. They were written by the monks on <a href="/wiki/Palmyra" title="Palmyra">palmyra</a> palm leaves and kept in various monasteries throughout the country. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Reamker" title="Reamker">Reamker</a> (<a href="/wiki/Khmer_language" title="Khmer language">Khmer</a>: <span lang="km">រាមកេរ្តិ៍</span>, "Rama's Fame") is the Cambodian version of the <a href="/wiki/Ramayana" title="Ramayana">Ramayana</a>, the famous <a href="/wiki/Indian_epics" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian epics">Indian epic</a>. The Reamker is composed in rhymed verses and is staged in sections that are adapted to dance movements interpreted by Khmer artists. The Reamker is the most ubiquitous form of traditional Cambodian theatre. </p><p>Cambodia had a rich and varied traditional oral literature. There are many legends, tales and songs of very ancient origin that were not put into writing until the arrival of the Europeans. One of the most representative of these tales was the story of <a href="/wiki/Vorvong_and_Sorvong" title="Vorvong and Sorvong">Vorvong and Sorvong</a> (Vorvong and Saurivong), a long story about two Khmer princes that was first put into writing by <a href="/wiki/Auguste_Pavie" title="Auguste Pavie">Auguste Pavie</a>. This French civil servant claimed that he had obtained the story from old Uncle Nip in Somrontong District. This story was put into writing in Battambang.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2006 the Vorvong and Sorvong story was enacted in dance form by the <a href="/wiki/Dance_of_Cambodia" class="mw-redirect" title="Dance of Cambodia">Royal Ballet of Cambodia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i><a href="/wiki/Tum_Teav" title="Tum Teav">Tum Teav</a></i>, which has been compared<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch"><span title="The material near this tag may use weasel words or too-vague attribution. (June 2012)">by whom?</span></a></i>]</sup> to <a href="/wiki/Shakespeare" class="mw-redirect" title="Shakespeare">Shakespeare</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Romeo_and_Juliet" title="Romeo and Juliet">Romeo and Juliet</a>, is probably the most well-known indigenous story, based on a poem first written by a Khmer monk named Sam. A tragic love story set during the <a href="/wiki/Lovek" class="mw-redirect" title="Lovek">Lovek era</a>, it has been told throughout <a href="/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia">Cambodia</a> since at least the middle of the 19th century. The story has been portrayed in many forms including oral, historical, literary, theatre, and film adaptions. <i>Tum Teav</i> also has played a role in <a href="/wiki/Education_in_Cambodia" title="Education in Cambodia">Cambodia's education</a>, appearing as a topic for the 12th-grade <a href="/wiki/Khmer_language" title="Khmer language">Khmer language</a> examination several times. Although a translation into French had already been made by <a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Aymonier" title="Étienne Aymonier">Étienne Aymonier</a> in 1880, Tum Teav was popularized abroad when writer <a href="/wiki/George_Chigas" title="George Chigas">George Chigas</a> translated the 1915 literary version by the venerable Buddhist monk <a href="/wiki/Preah_Botumthera_Som" title="Preah Botumthera Som">Preah Botumthera Som</a> or Padumatthera Som, known also as <b>Som</b>, one of the best writers in the <a href="/wiki/Khmer_language" title="Khmer language">Khmer language</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some talented members of Khmer royalty such as King <a href="/wiki/Ang_Duong" title="Ang Duong">Ang Duong</a> (1841–1860) and King Thommaracha II (1629–1634) have produced lasting works of literature as well. King Thomaracha wrote a highly esteemed poem for younger Cambodians. The prolific King Ang Duong is most famous for his novel <i>Kakey</i>, inspired from a <a href="/wiki/Jataka" class="mw-redirect" title="Jataka">Jataka</a> tale about an unfaithful woman. While not written as a work of instruction, <i>Kakey</i> is often used as an example to teach young Khmer girls about the importance of fidelity. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Shadow_Theatre">Shadow Theatre</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Cambodia&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Shadow Theatre"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Theatre_of_Cambodia" title="Theatre of Cambodia">Theatre of Cambodia</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rama,_Nang_Sbek,_Cambodia_-_Museu_do_Oriente_-_Lisbon,_Portugal_-_DSC06800.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Rama%2C_Nang_Sbek%2C_Cambodia_-_Museu_do_Oriente_-_Lisbon%2C_Portugal_-_DSC06800.JPG/170px-Rama%2C_Nang_Sbek%2C_Cambodia_-_Museu_do_Oriente_-_Lisbon%2C_Portugal_-_DSC06800.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="222" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Rama%2C_Nang_Sbek%2C_Cambodia_-_Museu_do_Oriente_-_Lisbon%2C_Portugal_-_DSC06800.JPG/255px-Rama%2C_Nang_Sbek%2C_Cambodia_-_Museu_do_Oriente_-_Lisbon%2C_Portugal_-_DSC06800.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Rama%2C_Nang_Sbek%2C_Cambodia_-_Museu_do_Oriente_-_Lisbon%2C_Portugal_-_DSC06800.JPG/340px-Rama%2C_Nang_Sbek%2C_Cambodia_-_Museu_do_Oriente_-_Lisbon%2C_Portugal_-_DSC06800.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3176" data-file-height="4152" /></a><figcaption><i>Nang Sbek Thom</i> figure plate.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Nang Sbek</b> (shadow theatre) (or <i><b>Lakhaon Nang Sbek</b></i>; Khmer) is closely related to the <a href="/wiki/Nang_yai" title="Nang yai">Nang Yai</a> of <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wayang" title="Wayang">Wayang</a> and <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> like the islands of <a href="/wiki/Java" title="Java">Java</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bali" title="Bali">Bali</a>, thus implying that Nang Sbek may have an Indonesian origin many centuries ago. Nang Sbek is also a dying art form and may disappear because of the decline in popularity due to the introduction of modern entertainment. Before the spread of modern entertainment such as movies, videos and television the Khmer enjoyed and watched shadow theatre apart from the other sources of entertainment available during that time. There are three kinds of shadow theatre in Cambodia: </p> <ul><li><b>Nang Sbek Thom</b> is an art that involves mime, song, music as well as dance and narration to the accompaniment of the <a href="/wiki/Pinpeat" title="Pinpeat">Pinpeat</a> orchestra. It most often features the <a href="/wiki/Reamker" title="Reamker">Reamker</a>.</li> <li><b>Nang Sbek Toch</b> also called <i>Nang Kalun</i> and sometimes called <i>Ayang</i> (small shadow theatre) uses smaller puppets and a wide range of stories.</li> <li><b>Sbek Paor</b> (coloured puppet theatre) uses coloured leather puppets.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Film">Film</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Cambodia&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Film"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Cinema_in_Cambodia" class="mw-redirect" title="Cinema in Cambodia">Cinema in Cambodia</a></div> <p>Cinema in Cambodia began in the 1950s; King Norodom Sihanouk himself was an avid film enthusiast. Many films were being screened in theaters throughout the country by the 1960s, which are regarded as the "golden age". After a decline during the <a href="/wiki/Khmer_Rouge" title="Khmer Rouge">Khmer Rouge</a> regime, competition from video and television has meant that the <a href="/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia">Cambodian</a> film industry is relatively weak today. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sports_and_Games">Sports and Games</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Cambodia&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Sports and Games"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Cambodia" title="Sport in Cambodia">Sport in Cambodia</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pradal_serey.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Pradal_serey.jpg/200px-Pradal_serey.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Pradal_serey.jpg/300px-Pradal_serey.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Pradal_serey.jpg/400px-Pradal_serey.jpg 2x" data-file-width="604" data-file-height="541" /></a><figcaption>Pradal Serey match</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia">Cambodia</a> has increasingly become involved in sports over the last 30 years. <a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">Football</a> is popular as are <a href="/wiki/Martial_arts" title="Martial arts">martial arts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pradal_serey" class="mw-redirect" title="Pradal serey">pradal serey</a> (Khmer kick boxing), volleyball, dragon boat racing and <a href="/wiki/Khmer_traditional_wrestling" title="Khmer traditional wrestling">Khmer traditional wrestling</a>. Many sports are celebrated during holidays. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Bokator" title="Bokator">Bokator</a> is a traditional Cambodian martial art that dates back over a thousand years. It involves a variety of strikes, kicks, throws, and ground fighting techniques, often inspired by animal movements. It has been added to <a href="/wiki/UNESCO_Intangible_Cultural_Heritage_Lists" title="UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists">UNESCO’s Intangible Cultural Heritage list</a> in 2022. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Dragon_boat" title="Dragon boat">Dragon boat</a> racing is a popular sport in Cambodia. The largest sporting event in the country is the boat races at the <a href="/wiki/Bon_Om_Touk" title="Bon Om Touk">Bon Om Touk</a> festival. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Pradal_serey" class="mw-redirect" title="Pradal serey">Pradal serey</a>, or traditional Khmer kickboxing, is a popular sport in Cambodia. It is a combat sport involving clinching and striking. Matches are between young athletic people. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Khmer_traditional_wrestling" title="Khmer traditional wrestling">Khmer traditional wrestling</a> is yet another popular Cambodian sport. A wrestling match consists of three rounds, which may be won by forcing an opponent to his back. Traditional matches are held during the <a href="/wiki/Khmer_New_Year" class="mw-redirect" title="Khmer New Year">Khmer New Year</a> and other Cambodian holidays. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bokator_youth.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Bokator_youth.jpg/220px-Bokator_youth.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Bokator_youth.jpg/330px-Bokator_youth.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Bokator_youth.jpg/440px-Bokator_youth.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="640" /></a><figcaption>Children practicing Bokator</figcaption></figure> <p>Ox cart racing is a sport in Cambodia that takes place during the Khmer New Year. It is done to preserve Cambodian culture. </p><p>Football was brought to Cambodia by the French. The <a href="/wiki/Cambodian_Football_Federation" class="mw-redirect" title="Cambodian Football Federation">Cambodian Football Federation</a> is the governing body of football in Cambodia, controlling the <a href="/wiki/Cambodia_national_football_team" title="Cambodia national football team">Cambodian national football team</a>. It was founded in 1933, and has been a member of <a href="/wiki/FIFA" title="FIFA">FIFA</a> since 1953, and the <a href="/wiki/Asian_Football_Confederation" title="Asian Football Confederation">Asian Football Confederation</a> (AFC) since 1957. The <a href="/wiki/Cambodian_League" class="mw-redirect" title="Cambodian League">Cambodian League</a> is the highest level of professional football in the country. </p><p>Cambodians play a local version of chess called <a href="/wiki/Makruk#Cambodian_chess" title="Makruk">Ouk Chatrang</a>. Another version of chess called <a href="/wiki/Ouk-Khmer_(Hill%27s_version)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ouk-Khmer (Hill's version)">Ouk-Khmer (Hill's version)</a> was thought to have been played in Cambodia. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Cambodia&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Cambodia" title="Public holidays in Cambodia">Public holidays in Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_Cambodia" title="Mass media in Cambodia">Mass media in Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Culture_and_Fine_Arts,_Cambodia" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Culture and Fine Arts, Cambodia">Ministry of Culture and Fine Arts, Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gambling_in_Cambodia" title="Gambling in Cambodia">Gambling in Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heritage_Watch" title="Heritage Watch">Heritage Watch</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Cambodia&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns 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.id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://library.oapen.org/bitstream/id/113685e9-ee18-4b33-a654-c1467972d93b/9781351128940_10.4324_9781351128940-39.pdf">"The Angkorian World, Mainland Southeast Asia after Angkor, On the Legacies of Jayavarman VII"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Angkorian+World%2C+Mainland+Southeast+Asia+after+Angkor%2C+On+the+Legacies+of+Jayavarman+VII&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flibrary.oapen.org%2Fbitstream%2Fid%2F113685e9-ee18-4b33-a654-c1467972d93b%2F9781351128940_10.4324_9781351128940-39.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACulture+of+Cambodia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Thailand/Mon-Khmer-civilizations">"Thailand - Mon-Khmer civilizations. (n.d.)"</a>. <i>Britannica</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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"Housing". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/khtoc.html"><i>Cambodia: A Country Study.</i></a> Research completed December 1987. <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Public Domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ciafact-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ciafact_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/cambodia/">"CIA World Factbook - Cambodia"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Ross, ed. "Household and Family Structure". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/khtoc.html"><i>Cambodia: A Country Study.</i></a> Research completed December 1987. <i>This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ledge-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ledge_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLedgerwoord,_Judy" class="citation web cs1">Ledgerwoord, Judy. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924100025/http://www.seasite.niu.edu/crossroads/ledgerwood/cambodianliterature.htm">"Cambodian Literature"</a>. 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Vol. 3. <a href="/wiki/Greenwood_Publishing_Group" title="Greenwood Publishing Group">Greenwood Publishing Group</a>. pp. 43–47. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-37627-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-37627-6"><bdi>978-0-313-37627-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Food+Cultures+of+the+World+Encyclopedia&rft.pages=43-47&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-313-37627-6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACulture+of+Cambodia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090216020609/http://southeastasianfood.about.com/od/foodfromcambodia/a/Cambodiaculture.htm">"Profile of Cambodian Cooking and Culture"</a>. 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Retrieved August 15, 2020, from <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.leisurecambodia.com/news/detail.php?id=67">http://www.leisurecambodia.com/news/detail.php?id=67</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211128032913/http://www.leisurecambodia.com/news/detail.php?id=67">Archived</a> 2021-11-28 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Auguste Pavie, <i>Contes populaires du Cambodge, du Laos et du Siam.</i> Paris: Leroux, 1903.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140714152042/http://www.paris.fr/portail/viewmultimediadocument?multimediadocument-id=25754">"Les Nuits d'Angkor"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.paris.fr/portail/viewmultimediadocument?multimediadocument-id=25754">the original</a> on 2014-07-14<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-05-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Les+Nuits+d%27Angkor&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.paris.fr%2Fportail%2Fviewmultimediadocument%3Fmultimediadocument-id%3D25754&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACulture+of+Cambodia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Documentation Center of Cambodia - <i>Tum Teav: A Translation and Analysis of a Cambodian Literary Classic</i></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Cambodia&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> 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title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cambodia_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia">Cambodia</a> <a href="/wiki/Index_of_Cambodia-related_articles" title="Index of Cambodia-related articles">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Cambodia" title="History of Cambodia">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Cambodian_history" title="Timeline of Cambodian history">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_history_of_Cambodia" title="Early history of Cambodia">Early history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nokor_Phnom" class="mw-redirect" title="Nokor Phnom">Nokor Phnom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chenla" title="Chenla">Chenla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khmer_Empire" title="Khmer Empire">Khmer Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-Angkor_period" title="Post-Angkor period">Post-Angkor period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_protectorate_of_Cambodia" title="French protectorate of Cambodia">French protectorate of Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Cambodia" title="Japanese occupation of Cambodia">Japanese occupation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kampuchea_(1945)" title="Kingdom of Kampuchea (1945)">Puppet state</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Cambodia_(1953%E2%80%931970)" title="Kingdom of Cambodia (1953–1970)">Sihanouk era <span style="font-size:85%;">(1953–70)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khmer_Republic" title="Khmer Republic">Khmer Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodian_Civil_War" title="Cambodian Civil War">Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Kampuchea" title="Democratic Kampuchea">Democratic Kampuchea</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cambodian_genocide" title="Cambodian genocide">Cambodian genocide</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodian%E2%80%93Vietnamese_War" title="Cambodian–Vietnamese War">Cambodian–Vietnamese War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_Kampuchea" title="People's Republic of Kampuchea">People's Republic of Kampuchea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodian_Conflict_(1979%E2%80%931998)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cambodian Conflict (1979–1998)">Cambodian Conflict (1979–1998)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_Kampuchea#Transition" title="People's Republic of Kampuchea">State of Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Transitional_Authority_in_Cambodia" title="United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia">UNTAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_Cambodia" title="Modern Cambodia">Modern Cambodia</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Royal_arms_of_Cambodia" title="Royal arms of Cambodia"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Royal_arms_of_Cambodia.svg/110px-Royal_arms_of_Cambodia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Royal_arms_of_Cambodia.svg/165px-Royal_arms_of_Cambodia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Royal_arms_of_Cambodia.svg/220px-Royal_arms_of_Cambodia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="510" data-file-height="591" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Cambodia" title="Geography of Cambodia">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Cambodia" title="Administrative divisions of Cambodia">Administrative divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Borders_of_Cambodia" title="Template:Borders of Cambodia">Borders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_towns_in_Cambodia" title="List of cities and towns in Cambodia">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Cambodia" title="Climate change in Cambodia">Climate change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deforestation_in_Cambodia" title="Deforestation in Cambodia">Deforestation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ecoregions_in_Cambodia" title="List of ecoregions in Cambodia">Ecoregions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Cambodia" title="List of islands of Cambodia">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_Cambodia" title="List of lakes of Cambodia">Lakes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tonl%C3%A9_Sap" title="Tonlé Sap">Tonlé Sap</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_protected_areas_of_Cambodia" title="List of protected areas of Cambodia">Protected areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Cambodia" title="List of rivers of Cambodia">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_Cambodia" title="Wildlife of Cambodia">Wildlife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Cambodia" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Cambodia">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Cambodia" title="Politics of Cambodia">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Cambodia" title="Cabinet of Cambodia">Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Cambodia" title="Elections in Cambodia">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Cambodia" title="Foreign relations of Cambodia">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Cambodia" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Cambodia">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Cambodia" title="Human rights in Cambodia">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Cambodia" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Cambodia">LGBT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Cambodia" title="Judiciary of Cambodia">Judiciary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Cambodia" title="Law of Cambodia">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Cambodia" title="Law enforcement in Cambodia">Law enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Cambodian_Armed_Forces" title="Royal Cambodian Armed Forces">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Cambodia" title="Monarchy of Cambodia">Monarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nation,_Religion,_King" title="Nation, Religion, King">Motto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Cambodia" title="Parliament of Cambodia">Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Cambodia" title="List of political parties in Cambodia">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Cambodia" title="Prime Minister of Cambodia">Prime Minister</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Cambodia" title="Economy of Cambodia">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Cambodia" title="Agriculture in Cambodia">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_banks_in_Cambodia" title="List of banks in Cambodia">Banking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_labour_in_Cambodia" title="Child labour in Cambodia">Child labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Cambodia" title="Energy in Cambodia">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_Cambodia" title="Economic history of Cambodia">Economic history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mineral_industry_of_Cambodia" title="Mineral industry of Cambodia">Mining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_resources_of_Cambodia" title="Natural resources of Cambodia">Natural resources</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodian_riel" title="Cambodian riel">Riel <span style="font-size:85%;">(currency)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_Cambodia" title="Science and technology in Cambodia">Science and technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Economic_Zones_of_Cambodia" title="Special Economic Zones of Cambodia">Special Economic Zones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Cambodia" title="Telecommunications in Cambodia">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Cambodia" title="Tourism in Cambodia">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Cambodia" title="Transport in Cambodia">Transportation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Cambodia" title="Category:Society of Cambodia">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Cambodia" title="Crime in Cambodia">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Cambodia" title="Demographics of Cambodia">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Cambodia" title="Education in Cambodia">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Cambodia" title="Ethnic groups in Cambodia">Ethnic groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gambling_in_Cambodia" title="Gambling in Cambodia">Gambling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_in_Cambodia" title="Health in Cambodia">Health</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_Cambodia" title="HIV/AIDS in Cambodia">HIV/AIDS</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunting_in_Cambodia" title="Hunting in Cambodia">Hunting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_trafficking_in_Cambodia" title="Human trafficking in Cambodia">Human trafficking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Cambodia" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Cambodia">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_Cambodia" title="Prostitution in Cambodia">Prostitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Cambodia" title="Religion in Cambodia">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Cambodia" title="Women in Cambodia">Women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_trafficking_in_Cambodia" title="Sex trafficking in Cambodia">Sex trafficking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_class_in_Cambodia" title="Social class in Cambodia">Social class</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_organization_in_Cambodia" title="Social organization in Cambodia">Social organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squatting_in_Cambodia" title="Squatting in Cambodia">Squatting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Youth_in_Cambodia" title="Youth in Cambodia">Youth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khmer_architecture" title="Khmer architecture">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodian_art" title="Cambodian art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Cambodia" title="Cinema of Cambodia">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khmer_clothing" class="mw-redirect" title="Khmer clothing">Clothing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Courtship,_marriage,_and_divorce_in_Cambodia" title="Courtship, marriage, and divorce in Cambodia">Courtship, marriage, and divorce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodian_cuisine" title="Cambodian cuisine">Cuisine</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cambodian_royal_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Cambodian royal cuisine">royal cuisine</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_in_Cambodia" title="Dance in Cambodia">Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khmer_inscriptions" title="Khmer inscriptions">Epigraphy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khmer_jewellery" title="Khmer jewellery">Jewellery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khmer_keyboard" title="Khmer keyboard">Keyboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodian_literature" title="Cambodian literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C4%81str%C4%81_sleuk_rith" title="Sāstrā sleuk rith">Manuscripts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodian_mat" title="Cambodian mat">Mat weaving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_Cambodia" title="Mass media in Cambodia">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Cambodia" title="Music of Cambodia">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kbach" title="Kbach">Ornamentation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Cambodia" title="Public holidays in Cambodia">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Cambodia" title="Sport in Cambodia">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_of_Cambodia" title="Theatre of Cambodia">Theatre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Cambodia" title="Outline of Cambodia">Outline</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Cambodia-related_articles" title="Index of Cambodia-related articles">Index</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cambodia" title="Category:Cambodia">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Cambodia" title="Portal:Cambodia">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Culture_of_Southeast_Asia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Southeast_Asia_topic" title="Template:Southeast Asia topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Southeast_Asia_topic" title="Template talk:Southeast Asia topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Southeast_Asia_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Southeast Asia topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Culture_of_Southeast_Asia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Southeast_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of Southeast Asia">Culture of Southeast Asia</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Brunei" title="Culture of Brunei">Brunei</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Christmas_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of Christmas Island">Christmas Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_the_Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands" title="Culture of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_East_Timor" title="Culture of East Timor">East Timor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Indonesia" title="Culture of Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Laos" title="Culture of Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Malaysia" title="Culture of Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Myanmar" title="Culture of Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_the_Philippines" title="Culture of the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Singapore" title="Culture of Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Thailand" title="Culture of Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Vietnam" title="Culture of Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Culture_of_Asia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Asia_topic" title="Template:Asia topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Asia_topic" title="Template talk:Asia topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Asia_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Asia topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Culture_of_Asia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Asia" title="Culture of Asia">Culture of Asia </a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Sovereign states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Afghanistan" title="Culture of Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Armenia" title="Culture of Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Azerbaijan" title="Culture of Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Bahrain" title="Culture of Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Bangladesh" title="Culture of Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Bhutan" title="Culture of Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Brunei" title="Culture of Brunei">Brunei</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Cyprus" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_East_Timor" title="Culture of East Timor">East Timor (Timor-Leste)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Egypt" title="Culture of Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Georgia_(country)" title="Culture of Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_India" title="Culture of India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Indonesia" title="Culture of Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Iran" title="Culture of Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Iraq" title="Culture of Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Israel" title="Culture of Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Japan" title="Culture of Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Jordan" title="Culture of Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Kazakhstan" title="Culture of Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_North_Korea" title="Culture of North Korea">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_South_Korea" title="Culture of South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Kuwait" title="Culture of Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Kyrgyzstan" title="Culture of Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Laos" title="Culture of Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Lebanon" title="Culture of Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Malaysia" title="Culture of Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_the_Maldives" title="Culture of the Maldives">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Mongolia" title="Culture of Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Myanmar" title="Culture of Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Nepal" title="Culture of Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Oman" title="Culture of Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Pakistan" title="Culture of Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_the_Philippines" title="Culture of the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Qatar" title="Culture of Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Russia" title="Culture of Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Culture of Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Singapore" title="Culture of Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Culture of Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Syria" title="Culture of Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Tajikistan" title="Culture of Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Thailand" title="Culture of Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Turkey" title="Culture of Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Turkmenistan" title="Culture of Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Culture of the United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Uzbekistan" title="Culture of Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Vietnam" title="Culture of Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Yemen" title="Culture of Yemen">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">States with<br />limited recognition</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Abkhazia" title="Culture of Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Northern_Cyprus" title="Culture of Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_the_State_of_Palestine" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of the State of Palestine">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_South_Ossetia" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of South Ossetia">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Taiwan" title="Culture of Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependencies</a> and<br />other territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_the_British_Indian_Ocean_Territory&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Culture of the British Indian Ocean Territory (page does not exist)">British Indian Ocean Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Christmas_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of Christmas Island">Christmas Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_the_Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands" title="Culture of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Hong_Kong" title="Culture of Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Macau" title="Culture of Macau">Macau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Asia" title="Category:Asia">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" 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