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</div> </a> <ul id="toc-Branding-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul 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Available in 46 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-46" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">46 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%88%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%86" title="سيلوفان – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سيلوفان" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Цэлафан – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Цэлафан" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Цэляфан – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Цэляфан" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Целофан – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Целофан" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celofan" title="Celofan – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Celofan" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cel%C2%B7lofana" title="Cel·lofana – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Cel·lofana" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celof%C3%A1n" title="Celofán – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Celofán" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellulosehydrat" title="Cellulosehydrat – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Cellulosehydrat" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsellofaan" title="Tsellofaan – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Tsellofaan" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CE%B5%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%86%CE%AC%CE%BD" title="Σελοφάν – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Σελοφάν" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celof%C3%A1n" title="Celofán – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Celofán" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celofano" title="Celofano – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Celofano" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zelofan" title="Zelofan – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Zelofan" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%81%D9%88%D9%86" title="سلفون – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سلفون" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellophane" title="Cellophane – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Cellophane" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%85%80%EB%A1%9C%ED%8C%90" title="셀로판 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="셀로판" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8" title="सेलोफेन – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="सेलोफेन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celofan" title="Celofan – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Celofan" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selofan" title="Selofan – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Selofan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellophane" title="Cellophane – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Cellophane" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A6%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%9F" title="צלופן – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="צלופן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Целлофан – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Целлофан" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celof%C4%81ns" title="Celofāns – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Celofāns" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celofanas" title="Celofanas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Celofanas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celof%C3%A1n" title="Celofán – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Celofán" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Целофан – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Целофан" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8D%E0%B5%BB" title="സെല്ലോഫെയ്ൻ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സെല്ലോഫെയ്ൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellofaan" title="Cellofaan – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Cellofaan" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%BB%E3%83%AD%E3%83%95%E3%82%A1%E3%83%B3" title="セロファン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="セロファン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellofan" title="Cellofan – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Cellofan" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celofan" title="Celofan – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Celofan" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celofane" title="Celofane – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Celofane" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celofan" title="Celofan – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Celofan" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Целлофан – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Целлофан" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celofani" title="Celofani – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Celofani" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellophane" title="Cellophane – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Cellophane" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celofan" title="Celofan – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Celofan" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Целофан – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Целофан" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celofan" title="Celofan – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Celofan" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sellofaani" title="Sellofaani – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Sellofaani" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellofan" title="Cellofan – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Cellofan" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%99" title="กระดาษเซลโลเฟน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="กระดาษเซลโลเฟน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selofan" title="Selofan – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Selofan" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Целофан – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Целофан" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silopin" title="Silopin – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Silopin" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8E%BB%E7%92%83%E7%BA%B8" title="玻璃纸 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="玻璃纸" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q193841#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Cellophane" title="View the content page [c]" 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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Thin, transparent sheet made of cellulose</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Cellophane_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Cellophane (disambiguation)">Cellophane (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chocolates_in_cellophane.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Chocolates_in_cellophane.jpg/220px-Chocolates_in_cellophane.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Chocolates_in_cellophane.jpg/330px-Chocolates_in_cellophane.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Chocolates_in_cellophane.jpg/440px-Chocolates_in_cellophane.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2153" data-file-height="1650" /></a><figcaption>Chocolates wrapped in cellophane</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Cellophane</b> is a thin, transparent sheet made of regenerated <a href="/wiki/Cellulose" title="Cellulose">cellulose</a>. Its low permeability to <a href="/wiki/Air" class="mw-redirect" title="Air">air</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oil" title="Oil">oils</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fat" title="Fat">greases</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bacteria" title="Bacteria">bacteria</a>, and liquid <a href="/wiki/Water" title="Water">water</a> makes it useful for <a href="/wiki/Food_packaging" title="Food packaging">food packaging</a>. Cellophane is highly permeable to <a href="/wiki/Water_vapour" class="mw-redirect" title="Water vapour">water vapour</a>, but may be coated with <a href="/wiki/Nitrocellulose" title="Nitrocellulose">nitrocellulose</a> lacquer to prevent this. </p><p>Cellophane is also used in transparent <a href="/wiki/Pressure-sensitive_tape" title="Pressure-sensitive tape">pressure-sensitive tape</a>, tubing, and many other similar applications. </p><p>Cellophane is compostable and biodegradable, and can be obtained from biomaterials.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The original production process uses <a href="/wiki/Carbon_disulfide" title="Carbon disulfide">carbon disulfide</a> (CS<sub>2</sub>), which has been found to be highly toxic to workers.<sup id="cite_ref-Blanc_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blanc-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The newer <a href="/wiki/Lyocell" title="Lyocell">lyocell</a> process can be used to produce cellulose film without involving carbon disulfide.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>"Cellophane" is a <a href="/wiki/Generic_term" class="mw-redirect" title="Generic term">generic term</a> in some countries,<sup id="cite_ref-gc_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gc-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while in other countries it is a <a href="/wiki/Registered_trademark" class="mw-redirect" title="Registered trademark">registered trademark</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Production">Production</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cellophane&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Production"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Cellulose from <a href="/wiki/Wood" title="Wood">wood</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cotton" title="Cotton">cotton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hemp" title="Hemp">hemp</a>, or other sources is dissolved in <a href="/wiki/Alkali" title="Alkali">alkali</a> and <a href="/wiki/Carbon_disulfide" title="Carbon disulfide">carbon disulfide</a> to make a solution called <a href="/wiki/Viscose" class="mw-redirect" title="Viscose">viscose</a>, which is then extruded through a slit into a bath of dilute <a href="/wiki/Sulfuric_acid" title="Sulfuric acid">sulfuric acid</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sodium_sulfate" title="Sodium sulfate">sodium sulfate</a> to reconvert the viscose into cellulose. The film is then passed through several more baths, one to remove <a href="/wiki/Sulfur" title="Sulfur">sulfur</a>, one to bleach the film, and one to add softening materials such as <a href="/wiki/Glycerin" class="mw-redirect" title="Glycerin">glycerin</a> to prevent the film from becoming brittle. </p><p>A similar process, using a hole (a <a href="/wiki/Spinneret_(polymers)" title="Spinneret (polymers)">spinneret</a>) instead of a slit, is used to make a fibre called <a href="/wiki/Rayon" title="Rayon">rayon</a>. Chemically, cellophane, rayon, and cellulose are <a href="/wiki/Polymer" title="Polymer">polymers</a> of <a href="/wiki/Glucose" title="Glucose">glucose</a>; they differ structurally rather than chemically. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cellophane&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Xanthation.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Xanthation.png/520px-Xanthation.png" decoding="async" width="520" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Xanthation.png/780px-Xanthation.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Xanthation.png/1040px-Xanthation.png 2x" data-file-width="2620" data-file-height="705" /></a><figcaption>Simplified view of the xanthation of cellulose.<sup id="cite_ref-Ull_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ull-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Cellophane was invented by Swiss chemist <a href="/wiki/Jacques_E._Brandenberger" title="Jacques E. Brandenberger">Jacques E. Brandenberger</a> while employed by <i>Blanchisserie et Teinturerie de Thaon</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1900, inspired by seeing wine spill on a restaurant's tablecloth, he decided to create a cloth that could repel liquids rather than absorb them. His first step was to spray a waterproof coating onto fabric, and he opted to try <a href="/wiki/Viscose" class="mw-redirect" title="Viscose">viscose</a>. The resultant coated fabric was far too stiff, but the <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/diaphanous" class="extiw" title="wikt:diaphanous">diaphanous</a> film coating could be separated from the backing cloth easily and in one undamaged piece. Seeing the possibilities of this new material on its own, Brandenberger soon abandoned his original idea. </p><p>It took ten years for Brandenberger to perfect his film. His chief improvement over earlier work with such films was adding glycerin to soften the material. By 1912 he had constructed a machine to manufacture the film, which he had named Cellophane, from the words <i>cellulose</i> and <i>diaphane</i> ("transparent"). Cellophane was patented that year.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The following year, the company Comptoir des Textiles Artificiels (CTA) bought the Thaon firm's interest in Cellophane and established Brandenberger in a new company, La Cellophane SA.<sup id="cite_ref-hounshell170_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hounshell170-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dupont-baby-bag-advert_(8080777436).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Dupont-baby-bag-advert_%288080777436%29.jpg/170px-Dupont-baby-bag-advert_%288080777436%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="218" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Dupont-baby-bag-advert_%288080777436%29.jpg/255px-Dupont-baby-bag-advert_%288080777436%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Dupont-baby-bag-advert_%288080777436%29.jpg/340px-Dupont-baby-bag-advert_%288080777436%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="856" data-file-height="1100" /></a><figcaption>1953 DuPont advert for cellophane</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Whitman%27s" title="Whitman's">Whitman's</a> candy company initiated use of cellophane for <a href="/wiki/Candy" title="Candy">candy</a> wrapping in the United States in 1912 for their <a href="/wiki/Whitman%27s_Sampler" class="mw-redirect" title="Whitman's Sampler">Whitman's Sampler</a>. They remained the largest user of imported cellophane from France until nearly 1924, when <a href="/wiki/DuPont" title="DuPont">DuPont</a> built the first cellophane manufacturing plant in the US. Cellophane saw limited sales in the US at first since while it was waterproof, it was not moisture proof—it held or repelled water but was permeable to water vapor. This meant that it was unsuited to packaging products that required moisture proofing. DuPont hired chemist <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Hale_Charch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Hale Charch (page does not exist)">William Hale Charch</a> (1898–1958), who spent three years developing a <a href="/wiki/Nitrocellulose" title="Nitrocellulose">nitrocellulose</a> lacquer that, when applied to Cellophane, made it moisture proof.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following the introduction of moisture-proof Cellophane in 1927, the material's sales tripled between 1928 and 1930, and in 1938, Cellophane accounted for 10% of DuPont's sales and 25% of its profits.<sup id="cite_ref-hounshell170_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hounshell170-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cellophane played a crucial role in developing the self-service retailing of fresh meat.<sup id="cite_ref-hisano_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hisano-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cellophane visibility helped customers know quality of meat before buying. Cellophane also worked to consumers' disadvantage when manufacturers learned to manipulate the appearance of a product by controlling oxygen and moisture levels to prevent discolouration of food.<sup id="cite_ref-hisano_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hisano-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was considered such a useful invention that cellophane was listed alongside other modern marvels in the 1934 song "<a href="/wiki/You%27re_the_Top" title="You're the Top">You're the Top</a>" (from <i><a href="/wiki/Anything_Goes" title="Anything Goes">Anything Goes</a></i>).<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The British textile company <a href="/wiki/Courtaulds" title="Courtaulds">Courtaulds</a>' viscose technology had allowed it to diversify in 1930 into viscose film, which it named "Viscacelle". However, competition with Cellophane was an obstacle to its sales, and in 1935 it founded <a href="/wiki/British_Cellophane" title="British Cellophane">British Cellophane Limited</a> (BCL) in conjunction with the Cellophane Company and its French parent company CTA.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A major production facility was constructed at <a href="/wiki/Bridgwater" title="Bridgwater">Bridgwater</a>, <a href="/wiki/Somerset" title="Somerset">Somerset</a>, England, from 1935 to 1937, employing 3,000 workers. BCL subsequently constructed plants in <a href="/wiki/Cornwall,_Ontario" title="Cornwall, Ontario">Cornwall, Ontario</a> (BCL Canada), as an adjunct to the existing Courtaulds viscose rayon plant there (from which it bought the viscose solution), and in 1957 at <a href="/wiki/Barrow-in-Furness" title="Barrow-in-Furness">Barrow-in-Furness</a>, Cumbria. The latter two plants were closed in the 1990s. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Today">Today</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cellophane&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Today"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cellophane.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Cellophane.JPG/220px-Cellophane.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Cellophane.JPG/330px-Cellophane.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Cellophane.JPG/440px-Cellophane.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1936" /></a><figcaption>Rolls of cellophane in various colours</figcaption></figure> <p>Cellulose film has been manufactured continuously since the mid-1930s and is still used today. As well as packaging a variety of food items, there are also industrial applications, such as a base for such <a href="/wiki/Pressure_sensitive_tape" class="mw-redirect" title="Pressure sensitive tape">self-adhesive tapes</a> as <a href="/wiki/Sellotape" title="Sellotape">Sellotape</a> and <a href="/wiki/Scotch_Tape" title="Scotch Tape">Scotch Tape</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Semipermeable" class="mw-redirect" title="Semipermeable">semi-permeable membrane</a> in a certain type of <a href="/wiki/Electric_battery" title="Electric battery">battery</a>,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Avoid_weasel_words" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Avoid weasel words"><span title="The material near this tag possibly uses too vague attribution or weasel words. (December 2023)">which?</span></a></i>]</sup> as <a href="/wiki/Dialysis_tubing" title="Dialysis tubing">dialysis tubing</a> (Visking tubing), and as a release agent in the manufacture of <a href="/wiki/Fibreglass" class="mw-redirect" title="Fibreglass">fibreglass</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rubber" class="mw-redirect" title="Rubber">rubber</a> products. Cellophane is the most popular material for manufacturing <a href="/wiki/Cigar" title="Cigar">cigar</a> packaging; its permeability to water vapor makes cellophane a good product for this application as cigars must be allowed to "breathe" while wrapped and in storage. </p><p>Cellophane sales have dwindled since the 1960s, due to alternative packaging options. The <a href="/wiki/Rayon#manufacturing_health_hazards" title="Rayon">polluting effects</a> of <a href="/wiki/Carbon_disulfide" title="Carbon disulfide">carbon disulfide</a> and other by-products of the process used to make viscose may have also contributed<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> to its falling behind lower cost petrochemical-based films such as <a href="/wiki/Biaxially-oriented_polyethylene_terephthalate" class="mw-redirect" title="Biaxially-oriented polyethylene terephthalate">biaxially-oriented polyethylene terephthalate</a> (BoPET) and <a href="/wiki/Polypropylene#Biaxially_oriented_polypropylene_(BOPP)" title="Polypropylene">biaxially oriented polypropylene</a> (BOPP) in the 1980s and 1990s. However, as of 2017, it has made something of a resurgence in recent times due to its being biosourced, compostable, and biodegradable. Its sustainability record is clouded by its energy-intensive manufacturing process and the potential negative impact of some of the chemicals used, but significant progress in recent years has been made by leading manufacturers in reducing their environmental footprint.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Material_properties">Material properties</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cellophane&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Material properties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>When placed between two <a href="/wiki/Plane_polarized_light" class="mw-redirect" title="Plane polarized light">plane polarizing</a> filters, cellophane produces prismatic colours due to its <a href="/wiki/Birefringent" class="mw-redirect" title="Birefringent">birefringent</a> nature. Artists have used this effect to create stained glass-like creations that are kinetic and interactive. </p><p>Cellophane is biodegradable, but highly toxic carbon disulfide is used in most cellophane production. Viscose factories vary widely in the amount of <a href="/wiki/Rayon#Carbon_disulfide_toxicity" title="Rayon">CS<sub>2</sub> they expose their workers to</a>, and most give no information about their quantitative safety limits or how well they keep to them.<sup id="cite_ref-Blanc_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blanc-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-scientificamerican.com_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-scientificamerican.com-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Branding">Branding</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cellophane&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Branding"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the UK and in many other countries, "Cellophane" is a registered trademark and the property of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Futamura_Chemical_UK_Ltd&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Futamura Chemical UK Ltd (page does not exist)">Futamura Chemical UK Ltd</a>, based in <a href="/wiki/Wigton" title="Wigton">Wigton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cumbria" title="Cumbria">Cumbria</a>, United Kingdom.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the USA and some other countries "cellophane" has become <a href="/wiki/Genericized_trademark" class="mw-redirect" title="Genericized trademark">genericized</a>, and is often used informally to refer to a wide variety of <a href="/wiki/Plastic" title="Plastic">plastic</a> film products, even those not made of cellulose, such as <a href="/wiki/Polyvinyl_chloride" title="Polyvinyl chloride">PVC</a>-based <a href="/wiki/Plastic_wrap" title="Plastic wrap">plastic wrap</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cellophane&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bioplastics" class="mw-redirect" title="Bioplastics">Bioplastics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Cellophane" title="British Cellophane">British Cellophane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genericized_trademark" class="mw-redirect" title="Genericized trademark">Genericized trademark</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cellophane&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-auto-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMorris2017" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Morris, Barry A. (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780323242738000046">"Commonly Used Resins and Substrates in Flexible Packaging"</a>. In William, Andrew (ed.). <i>The Science and Technology of Flexible Packaging: Multilayer Films from Resin and Process to End Use</i>. Vol. Plastics Design Library. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FC2013-0-00506-3">10.1016/C2013-0-00506-3</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-323-24273-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-323-24273-8"><bdi>978-0-323-24273-8</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:251206014">251206014</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 May</span> 2021</span>. <q>Cellophane is biosourced, compostable, and biodegradable.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Commonly+Used+Resins+and+Substrates+in+Flexible+Packaging&rft.btitle=The+Science+and+Technology+of+Flexible+Packaging%3A+Multilayer+Films+from+Resin+and+Process+to+End+Use&rft.date=2017&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A251206014%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FC2013-0-00506-3&rft.isbn=978-0-323-24273-8&rft.aulast=Morris&rft.aufirst=Barry+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2Fpii%2FB9780323242738000046&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACellophane" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|work=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#periodical_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Blanc-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Blanc_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Blanc_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSwanBlanc2017" class="citation news cs1">Swan, Norman; Blanc, Paul (20 February 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abc.net.au/radionational/programs/healthreport/the-health-burden-of-viscose-rayon/8286870">"The health burden of viscose rayon"</a>. <i>ABC Radio National</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ABC+Radio+National&rft.atitle=The+health+burden+of+viscose+rayon&rft.date=2017-02-20&rft.aulast=Swan&rft.aufirst=Norman&rft.au=Blanc%2C+Paul&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fradionational%2Fprograms%2Fhealthreport%2Fthe-health-burden-of-viscose-rayon%2F8286870&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACellophane" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=1606">"Cellulose Sausage Skins via the Lyocell Process"</a>. AZO Materials. 27 August 2002<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cellulose+Sausage+Skins+via+the+Lyocell+Process&rft.pub=AZO+Materials&rft.date=2002-08-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.azom.com%2Farticle.aspx%3FArticleID%3D1606&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACellophane" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gc-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-gc_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.genericides.org/trademark/cellophane">"Has cellophane become a generic trademark?"</a>. <i>genericides.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=genericides.org&rft.atitle=Has+cellophane+become+a+generic+trademark%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.genericides.org%2Ftrademark%2Fcellophane&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACellophane" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ull-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ull_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKrässigSchurzSteadmanSchliefer2002" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Krässig, Hans; Schurz, Josef; Steadman, Robert G.; Schliefer, Karl; Albrecht, Wilhelm; Mohring, Marc; Schlosser, Harald (2002). "Cellulose". <i><a href="/wiki/Ullmann%27s_Encyclopedia_of_Industrial_Chemistry" title="Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry">Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry</a></i>. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2F14356007.a05_375.pub2">10.1002/14356007.a05_375.pub2</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3527306732" title="Special:BookSources/978-3527306732"><bdi>978-3527306732</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Cellulose&rft.btitle=Ullmann%27s+Encyclopedia+of+Industrial+Chemistry&rft.place=Weinheim&rft.pub=Wiley-VCH&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2F14356007.a05_375.pub2&rft.isbn=978-3527306732&rft.aulast=Kr%C3%A4ssig&rft.aufirst=Hans&rft.au=Schurz%2C+Josef&rft.au=Steadman%2C+Robert+G.&rft.au=Schliefer%2C+Karl&rft.au=Albrecht%2C+Wilhelm&rft.au=Mohring%2C+Marc&rft.au=Schlosser%2C+Harald&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACellophane" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarraher2014" class="citation book cs1">Carraher, Charles E. (Jr.) (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YXo0AAAAQBAJ&q=Carraher+Jacques+E.+Brandenberger&pg=PA301"><i>Carraher's Polymer Chemistry: Ninth Edition</i></a>. Boca Raton Fl.: CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group. p. 301. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4665-5203-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4665-5203-6"><bdi>978-1-4665-5203-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Carraher%27s+Polymer+Chemistry%3A+Ninth+Edition&rft.place=Boca+Raton+Fl.&rft.pages=301&rft.pub=CRC+Press%2C+Taylor+%26+Francis+Group&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-4665-5203-6&rft.aulast=Carraher&rft.aufirst=Charles+E.+%28Jr.%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYXo0AAAAQBAJ%26q%3DCarraher%2BJacques%2BE.%2BBrandenberger%26pg%3DPA301&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACellophane" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Carlisle, Rodney (2004). <i>Scientific American Inventions and Discoveries</i>, p.338. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New Jersey. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-471-24410-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-471-24410-4">0-471-24410-4</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hounshell170-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hounshell170_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hounshell170_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHounshellJohn_Kenly_Smith1988" class="citation book cs1">Hounshell, David A.; John Kenly Smith (1988). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sciencecorporate0008houn/page/170"><i>Science and Corporate Strategy: Du Pont R&D, 1902–1980</i></a></span>. Cambridge University Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sciencecorporate0008houn/page/170">170</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-32767-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-32767-9"><bdi>0-521-32767-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Science+and+Corporate+Strategy%3A+Du+Pont+R%26D%2C+1902%E2%80%931980&rft.pages=170&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=0-521-32767-9&rft.aulast=Hounshell&rft.aufirst=David+A.&rft.au=John+Kenly+Smith&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsciencecorporate0008houn%2Fpage%2F170&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACellophane" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWinkler1935" class="citation book cs1">Winkler, John K. (1935). <i>The Dupont Dynasty</i>. Baltimore, MD: Waverly Press, Inc. p. 271.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Dupont+Dynasty&rft.place=Baltimore%2C+MD&rft.pages=271&rft.pub=Waverly+Press%2C+Inc&rft.date=1935&rft.aulast=Winkler&rft.aufirst=John+K.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACellophane" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hisano-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hisano_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hisano_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHisano" class="citation web cs1">Hisano, Ai. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Publication%20Files/17-106_cc97c076-3685-4e40-80b8-9de7342b0aac.pdf">"Cellophane, the New Visuality, and the Creation of Self-Service Food Retailing"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Harvard Business School</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Harvard+Business+School&rft.atitle=Cellophane%2C+the+New+Visuality%2C+and+the+Creation+of+Self-Service+Food+Retailing&rft.aulast=Hisano&rft.aufirst=Ai&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hbs.edu%2Ffaculty%2FPublication%2520Files%2F17-106_cc97c076-3685-4e40-80b8-9de7342b0aac.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACellophane" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFinkelstein2008" class="citation book cs1">Finkelstein, Norman H. (17 August 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=s-LwzeIcboQC&dq=%22You%27re+the+Top%22+cellophane&pg=PA47"><i>Plastics</i></a>. Marshall Cavendish. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780761426004" title="Special:BookSources/9780761426004"><bdi>9780761426004</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Plastics&rft.pub=Marshall+Cavendish&rft.date=2008-08-17&rft.isbn=9780761426004&rft.aulast=Finkelstein&rft.aufirst=Norman+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Ds-LwzeIcboQC%26dq%3D%2522You%2527re%2Bthe%2BTop%2522%2Bcellophane%26pg%3DPA47&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACellophane" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHammack2011" class="citation book cs1">Hammack, William S. (6 September 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DdwlKhVudMkC&dq=%22You%27re+the+Top%22+cellophane&pg=PA115"><i>How Engineers Create the World: The Public Radio Commentaries of Bill Hammack</i></a>. Bill Hammack. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780983966104" title="Special:BookSources/9780983966104"><bdi>9780983966104</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=How+Engineers+Create+the+World%3A+The+Public+Radio+Commentaries+of+Bill+Hammack&rft.pub=Bill+Hammack&rft.date=2011-09-06&rft.isbn=9780983966104&rft.aulast=Hammack&rft.aufirst=William+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDdwlKhVudMkC%26dq%3D%2522You%2527re%2Bthe%2BTop%2522%2Bcellophane%26pg%3DPA115&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACellophane" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarford2020" class="citation book cs1">Harford, Tim (28 May 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=eSucDwAAQBAJ&dq=%22You%27re+the+Top%22+cellophane&pg=PT140"><i>The Next Fifty Things that Made the Modern Economy</i></a>. Little, Brown Book Group. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781408712641" title="Special:BookSources/9781408712641"><bdi>9781408712641</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Next+Fifty+Things+that+Made+the+Modern+Economy&rft.pub=Little%2C+Brown+Book+Group&rft.date=2020-05-28&rft.isbn=9781408712641&rft.aulast=Harford&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DeSucDwAAQBAJ%26dq%3D%2522You%2527re%2Bthe%2BTop%2522%2Bcellophane%26pg%3DPT140&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACellophane" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavenport-Hines1988" class="citation book cs1">Davenport-Hines, Richard Peter Treadwell (1988). <i>Enterprise, Management, and Innovation in British Business, 1914-80</i>. Routledge. p. 61. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7146-3348-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-7146-3348-8"><bdi>0-7146-3348-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Enterprise%2C+Management%2C+and+Innovation+in+British+Business%2C+1914-80&rft.pages=61&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=0-7146-3348-8&rft.aulast=Davenport-Hines&rft.aufirst=Richard+Peter+Treadwell&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACellophane" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-scientificamerican.com-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-scientificamerican.com_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMichelle_Nijhuis2009" class="citation journal cs1">Michelle Nijhuis (June 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=bamboo-boom">"Bamboo Boom: Is This Material for You?"</a>. <i>Scientific American</i>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fscientificamericanearth0609-60">10.1038/scientificamericanearth0609-60</a> (inactive 1 November 2024).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scientific+American&rft.atitle=Bamboo+Boom%3A+Is+This+Material+for+You%3F&rft.date=2009-06&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fscientificamericanearth0609-60&rft.au=Michelle+Nijhuis&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scientificamerican.com%2Farticle.cfm%3Fid%3Dbamboo-boom&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACellophane" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024 (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_DOI_inactive_as_of_November_2024" title="Category:CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024">link</a>)</span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged February 2024">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trademarks.ipo.gov.uk/ipo-tmcase/page/Results/1/UK00905352786">"Trade mark number UK00905352786"</a>. Intellectual Property Office. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230708231245/https://trademarks.ipo.gov.uk/ipo-tmcase/page/Results/1/UK00905352786">Archived</a> from the original on 8 July 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Trade+mark+number+UK00905352786&rft.pub=Intellectual+Property+Office&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftrademarks.ipo.gov.uk%2Fipo-tmcase%2Fpage%2FResults%2F1%2FUK00905352786&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACellophane" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.futamuragroup.com/en/divisions/cellulose-films/products/">"Compostable and renewable flexible packaging films"</a>. <i>Futamura</i>. 2 March 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230329103019/http://www.futamuragroup.com/en/divisions/cellulose-films/products/">Archived</a> from the original on 29 March 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Futamura&rft.atitle=Compostable+and+renewable+flexible+packaging+films&rft.date=2018-03-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.futamuragroup.com%2Fen%2Fdivisions%2Fcellulose-films%2Fproducts%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACellophane" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cellophane&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Cellophane" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Cellophane">Cellophane</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlanc2016" class="citation book cs1">Blanc, Paul David (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://yalebooks.yale.edu/book/9780300204667/fake-silk"><i>Fake silk : the lethal history of viscose rayon</i></a>. New Haven: Yale University Press. p. 328. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780300204667" title="Special:BookSources/9780300204667"><bdi>9780300204667</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fake+silk+%3A+the+lethal+history+of+viscose+rayon&rft.place=New+Haven&rft.pages=328&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=9780300204667&rft.aulast=Blanc&rft.aufirst=Paul+David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fyalebooks.yale.edu%2Fbook%2F9780300204667%2Ffake-silk&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACellophane" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120629034122/http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/blcellophane.htm">Cellophane Invention</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output 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