CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Generic trademark - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"c06a830b-f7c0-44a4-947f-4d88a91a880f","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Generic_trademark","wgTitle":"Generic trademark","wgCurRevisionId":1247959381,"wgRevisionId":1247959381,"wgArticleId":266204,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["CS1 Finnish-language sources (fi)","CS1 Swedish-language sources (sv)","All articles with dead external links","Articles with dead external links from September 2024","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Articles needing additional references from December 2022","All articles needing additional references","Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images","Articles containing Swedish-language text","Brand management", "Trademark law","Product management","Eponyms"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Generic_trademark","wgRelevantArticleId":266204,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgRedirectedFrom":"Genericized_trademark","wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":30000,"wgInternalRedirectTargetUrl":"/wiki/Generic_trademark","wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage", "wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q765270","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=[ "mediawiki.action.view.redirect","ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.5"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/86/Jello_sign.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="866"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/86/Jello_sign.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="578"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="462"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Generic trademark - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generic_trademark"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Generic_trademark&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generic_trademark"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Generic_trademark rootpage-Generic_trademark skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Generic+trademark" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Generic+trademark" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Generic+trademark" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Generic+trademark" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-In_subpopulations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_subpopulations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>In subpopulations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_subpopulations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_pharmaceuticals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_pharmaceuticals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>In pharmaceuticals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_pharmaceuticals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Trademark_erosion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Trademark_erosion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Trademark erosion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Trademark_erosion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legal_concepts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legal_concepts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Legal concepts</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Legal_concepts-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Legal concepts subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Legal_concepts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Avoiding_genericization" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Avoiding_genericization"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Avoiding genericization</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Avoiding_genericization-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Protected_designation_of_origin" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Protected_designation_of_origin"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Protected designation of origin</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Protected_designation_of_origin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Scale_of_distinctiveness" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Scale_of_distinctiveness"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Scale of distinctiveness</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Scale_of_distinctiveness-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Generic trademark</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 27 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-27" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">27 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%AA%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A9" title="علامات تجارية عامة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="علامات تجارية عامة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ph%C3%B3%CD%98-thong-h%C3%B2a_siong-phiau" title="Phó͘-thong-hòa siong-phiau – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Phó͘-thong-hòa siong-phiau" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%82%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Генерична търговска марка – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Генерична търговска марка" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marca_vulgaritzada" title="Marca vulgaritzada – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Marca vulgaritzada" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Degenereret_m%C3%A6rke" title="Degenereret mærke – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Degenereret mærke" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vulgarizaci%C3%B3n_de_marca" title="Vulgarización de marca – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Vulgarización de marca" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85" title="نشان تجاری عام – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نشان تجاری عام" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nom_de_marque_lexicalis%C3%A9" title="Nom de marque lexicalisé – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Nom de marque lexicalisé" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%83%81%ED%91%9C%EC%9D%98_%EB%B3%B4%ED%86%B5%EB%AA%85%EC%B9%AD%ED%99%94" title="상표의 보통명칭화 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="상표의 보통명칭화" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merek_dagang_generik" title="Merek dagang generik – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Merek dagang generik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%9D_%D7%92%D7%A0%D7%A8%D7%99" title="שם גנרי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שם גנרי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%AE%C5%9Faney_bazirgan%C3%AEy_gi%C5%9Ft%C3%AE" title="Nîşaney bazirganîy giştî – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Nîşaney bazirganîy giştî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Begr%C3%ABffsmonopol" title="Begrëffsmonopol – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Begrëffsmonopol" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fajtan%C3%A9vv%C3%A9_v%C3%A1lt_v%C3%A9djegy" title="Fajtanévvé vált védjegy – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Fajtanévvé vált védjegy" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verwording_tot_soortnaam" title="Verwording tot soortnaam – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Verwording tot soortnaam" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%95%86%E6%A8%99%E3%81%AE%E6%99%AE%E9%80%9A%E5%90%8D%E7%A7%B0%E5%8C%96" title="商標の普通名称化 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="商標の普通名称化" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Degenerert_varemerke" title="Degenerert varemerke – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Degenerert varemerke" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Degenerering_av_varemerke" title="Degenerering av varemerke – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Degenerering av varemerke" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pospolicenie_nazw_marketingowych" title="Pospolicenie nazw marketingowych – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Pospolicenie nazw marketingowych" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marca_gen%C3%A9rica" title="Marca genérica – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Marca genérica" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%8D%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BC" title="Проприетарный эпоним – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Проприетарный эпоним" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generic_trademark" title="Generic trademark – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Generic trademark" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%95%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%B1%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%DB%8C_%DA%AF%D8%B4%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="نیشانەی بازرگانیی گشتی – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="نیشانەی بازرگانیی گشتی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varum%C3%A4rkesord" title="Varumärkesord – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Varumärkesord" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jenerik_marka" title="Jenerik marka – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Jenerik marka" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96_%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%96_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Загальновживані торговельні марки – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Загальновживані торговельні марки" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%80%9A%E7%94%A8%E5%95%86%E6%A8%99" title="通用商標 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="通用商標" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q765270#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Generic_trademark" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Generic_trademark" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Generic_trademark"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Generic_trademark&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Generic_trademark&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Generic_trademark"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Generic_trademark&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Generic_trademark&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Generic_trademark" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Generic_trademark" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Generic_trademark&oldid=1247959381" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Generic_trademark&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Generic_trademark&id=1247959381&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FGeneric_trademark"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FGeneric_trademark"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Generic_trademark&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Generic_trademark&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q765270" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Genericized_trademark&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Genericized trademark">Genericized trademark</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Common terms used to name products or services</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Genericide" redirects here. Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Gendercide" title="Gendercide">Gendercide</a> or <a href="/wiki/Genocide" title="Genocide">Genocide</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_generic_and_genericized_trademarks" title="List of generic and genericized trademarks">List of generic and genericized trademarks</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Generic_trademark" title="Special:EditPage/Generic trademark">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Generic+trademark%22">"Generic trademark"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Generic+trademark%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Generic+trademark%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Generic+trademark%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Generic+trademark%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Generic+trademark%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jello_sign.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Jello_sign.jpg/220px-Jello_sign.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Jello_sign.jpg/330px-Jello_sign.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Jello_sign.jpg/440px-Jello_sign.jpg 2x" data-file-width="590" data-file-height="426" /></a><figcaption>A sign in a supermarket using "<a href="/wiki/Jell-O" title="Jell-O">Jell-O</a>" generically, rather than "<a href="/wiki/Gelatin_dessert" title="Gelatin dessert">gelatin</a>"</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/Intellectual_property" title="Intellectual property">Intellectual property</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span class="skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Intellectual_property_Noun_project.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Intellectual_property_Noun_project.svg/150px-Intellectual_property_Noun_project.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Intellectual_property_Noun_project.svg/225px-Intellectual_property_Noun_project.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Intellectual_property_Noun_project.svg/300px-Intellectual_property_Noun_project.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Authors%27_rights" title="Authors' rights">Authors' rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copyleft" title="Copyleft">Copyleft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copyright" title="Copyright">Copyright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Database_right" title="Database right">Database right</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farmers%27_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Farmers' rights">Farmers' rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geographical_indication" title="Geographical indication">Geographical indication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_intellectual_property" title="Indigenous intellectual property">Indigenous intellectual property</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_design_right" title="Industrial design right">Industrial design right</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Integrated_circuit_layout_design_protection" title="Integrated circuit layout design protection">Integrated circuit layout design protection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moral_rights" title="Moral rights">Moral rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patent" title="Patent">Patent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Declaration_on_the_Rights_of_Peasants" title="United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Peasants">Peasants' rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plant_breeders%27_rights" title="Plant breeders' rights">Plant breeders' rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plant_genetic_resources" title="Plant genetic resources">Plant genetic resources</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Related_rights" title="Related rights">Related rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supplementary_protection_certificate" title="Supplementary protection certificate">Supplementary protection certificate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_dress" title="Trade dress">Trade dress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_secret" title="Trade secret">Trade secret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trademark" title="Trademark">Trademark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utility_model" title="Utility model">Utility model</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Related topics</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abandonware" title="Abandonware">Abandonware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artificial_intelligence_and_copyright" title="Artificial intelligence and copyright">Artificial intelligence and copyright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brand_protection" title="Brand protection">Brand protection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copyright_abolition" title="Copyright abolition">Copyright abolition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copyright_troll" title="Copyright troll">Copyright troll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_copyright" title="Criticism of copyright">Criticism of copyright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bioprospecting" title="Bioprospecting">Bioprospecting</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biopiracy" title="Biopiracy">Biopiracy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idea%E2%80%93expression_distinction" title="Idea–expression distinction">Idea–expression distinction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limitations_and_exceptions_to_copyright" title="Limitations and exceptions to copyright">Limitations and exceptions to copyright</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fair_dealing" title="Fair dealing">Fair dealing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fair_use" title="Fair use">Fair use</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paraphrasing_of_copyrighted_material" title="Paraphrasing of copyrighted material">Paraphrasing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_quote" title="Right to quote">Right to quote</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orphan_work" title="Orphan work">Orphan work</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patent_troll" title="Patent troll">Patent troll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirate_Party" title="Pirate Party">Pirate Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">Public domain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_intellectual_property" title="Outline of intellectual property">Outline of intellectual property</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_patents" title="Outline of patents">Outline of patents</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <i>Higher categories:</i><br /><a href="/wiki/Property" title="Property">Property</a> and <a href="/wiki/Property_law" title="Property law">Property law</a></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Intellectual_property" title="Template:Intellectual property"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Intellectual_property" title="Template talk:Intellectual property"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Intellectual_property" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Intellectual property"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>A <b>generic trademark</b>, also known as a <b>genericized trademark</b> or <b>proprietary eponym</b>, is a <a href="/wiki/Trademark" title="Trademark">trademark</a> or <a href="/wiki/Brand_name" class="mw-redirect" title="Brand name">brand name</a> that, because of its popularity or significance, has become the <a href="/wiki/Generic_term" class="mw-redirect" title="Generic term">generic term</a> for, or synonymous with, a general class of <a href="/wiki/Good_(economics_and_accounting)" class="mw-redirect" title="Good (economics and accounting)">products</a> or <a href="/wiki/Service_(economics)" title="Service (economics)">services</a>, usually against the intentions of the trademark's owner. </p><p>A trademark is prone to genericization, or "genericide",<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> when a brand name acquires substantial <a href="/wiki/Market_dominance_strategies" class="mw-redirect" title="Market dominance strategies">market dominance</a> or <a href="/wiki/Mind_share" title="Mind share">mind share</a>, becoming so widely used for similar products or services that it is no longer associated with the trademark owner, e.g., <a href="/wiki/Linoleum" title="Linoleum">linoleum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bubble_wrap" title="Bubble wrap">bubble wrap</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vacuum_flask" title="Vacuum flask">thermos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taser" title="Taser">taser</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A trademark thus popularized is at risk of being challenged or revoked, unless the trademark owner works sufficiently to correct and prevent such broad use.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Trademark owners can inadvertently contribute to genericization by failing to provide an alternative generic name for their product or service or using the trademark in similar fashion to <a href="/wiki/Generic_term" class="mw-redirect" title="Generic term">generic terms</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In one example, the <a href="/wiki/Otis_Worldwide" title="Otis Worldwide">Otis Elevator Company</a>'s trademark of the word "<a href="/wiki/Escalator" title="Escalator">escalator</a>" was cancelled following a petition from <a href="/wiki/Toledo,_Ohio" title="Toledo, Ohio">Toledo</a>-based <a href="/wiki/Schindler_Elevator_Corporation" title="Schindler Elevator Corporation">Haughton Elevator Company</a>. In rejecting an appeal from Otis, an examiner from the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Patent_and_Trademark_Office" title="United States Patent and Trademark Office">United States Patent and Trademark Office</a> cited the company's own use of the term "escalator" alongside the generic term "<a href="/wiki/Elevator" title="Elevator">elevator</a>" in multiple advertisements without any trademark significance.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Therefore, trademark owners go to extensive lengths to avoid genericization and trademark erosion. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_subpopulations">In subpopulations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Generic_trademark&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: In subpopulations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Genericization may be specific to certain professions and other subpopulations. For example, <a href="/wiki/Luer_taper" title="Luer taper">Luer-Lok (Luer lock)</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Phoropter" title="Phoropter">Phoroptor (phoropter)</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Port_(medical)" class="mw-redirect" title="Port (medical)">Port-a-Cath (portacath)</a><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> have genericized <a href="/wiki/Mind_share" title="Mind share">mind share</a> among <a href="/wiki/Physician" title="Physician">physicians</a> due to a lack of alternative names in common use: as a result, consumers may not realize that the term is a brand name rather than a <a href="/wiki/Medical_eponym" class="mw-redirect" title="Medical eponym">medical eponym</a> or generic term. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_pharmaceuticals">In pharmaceuticals</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Generic_trademark&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: In pharmaceuticals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:292px;max-width:292px"><div class="trow"><div class="theader" style="text-align:center">Aspirin with and without trademark</div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:290px;max-width:290px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:240px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bayer_Aspirin_and_store-brand_generic_on_Canadian_drugstore_shelf.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Four boxes of medication on a store shelf above price tags. The two on the left are yellow with "Aspirin" in bold black type and explanatory text in English on the top box and French on the bottom. The two on the right are slightly smaller and white with the word "Life" in the corner inside a red circle. The text, in French on top and English below, describes the medication as "acetylsalicylic acid tablets"" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Bayer_Aspirin_and_store-brand_generic_on_Canadian_drugstore_shelf.jpg/288px-Bayer_Aspirin_and_store-brand_generic_on_Canadian_drugstore_shelf.jpg" decoding="async" width="288" height="241" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Bayer_Aspirin_and_store-brand_generic_on_Canadian_drugstore_shelf.jpg/432px-Bayer_Aspirin_and_store-brand_generic_on_Canadian_drugstore_shelf.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Bayer_Aspirin_and_store-brand_generic_on_Canadian_drugstore_shelf.jpg/576px-Bayer_Aspirin_and_store-brand_generic_on_Canadian_drugstore_shelf.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1936" data-file-height="1620" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-left"><a href="/wiki/Aspirin" title="Aspirin">Aspirin</a> for sale in Canada, next to generic store equivalent described as "ASA (<b>a</b>cetyl<b>s</b>alicylic <b>a</b>cid) tablets", since the trademark is still recognized there</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:290px;max-width:290px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:182px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bayer_and_store-brand_aspirin_containers_on_US_drugstore_shelf.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Four plastic bottles of medication on another drugstore shelf above their price tags. The two on the left are yellow with the word "Bayer" prominent in black type; above small type describes the product as "genuine aspirin". On the left are two clear plastic bottles with the Rite Aid drugstore chain logo on their yellow labels, which describe the product as "pain relief aspirin"." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Bayer_and_store-brand_aspirin_containers_on_US_drugstore_shelf.jpg/288px-Bayer_and_store-brand_aspirin_containers_on_US_drugstore_shelf.jpg" decoding="async" width="288" height="183" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Bayer_and_store-brand_aspirin_containers_on_US_drugstore_shelf.jpg/432px-Bayer_and_store-brand_aspirin_containers_on_US_drugstore_shelf.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Bayer_and_store-brand_aspirin_containers_on_US_drugstore_shelf.jpg/576px-Bayer_and_store-brand_aspirin_containers_on_US_drugstore_shelf.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5232" data-file-height="3324" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-left">Aspirin for sale in the U.S., where the store brand can also be sold as aspirin since the trademark was ruled generic a century ago</div></div></div></div></div> <p>Pharmaceutical <a href="/wiki/Trade_name" title="Trade name">trade names</a> are somewhat protected from genericization due to the modern practice of assigning <a href="/wiki/Drug_nomenclature" title="Drug nomenclature">nonproprietary names</a> based on a drug's chemical structure.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This circumvents the problem of a trademarked name entering common use by providing a generic name as soon as a novel pharmaceutical enters the market. For example, <a href="/wiki/Aripiprazole" title="Aripiprazole">aripiprazole</a>, the nonproprietary name for Abilify, was well-documented since its invention.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Warfarin" title="Warfarin">Warfarin</a>, originally introduced as a <a href="/wiki/Rodenticide" title="Rodenticide">rat poison</a>, was approved for human use under the brand name Coumadin.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Examples of genericization before the modern system of <a href="/wiki/Generic_drug" title="Generic drug">generic drugs</a> include <a href="/wiki/Aspirin" title="Aspirin">aspirin</a>, introduced to the market in 1897, and <a href="/wiki/Heroin" title="Heroin">heroin</a>, introduced in 1898. Both were originally trademarks of <a href="/wiki/Bayer_AG" class="mw-redirect" title="Bayer AG">Bayer AG</a>. However, U.S. court rulings in 1918 and 1921 found the terms to be genericized, stating the company's failure to reinforce the brand's connection with their product as the reason.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A different sense of the word <i>genericized</i> in the pharmaceutical industry refers to products whose patent protection has expired. For example, <a href="/wiki/Lipitor" class="mw-redirect" title="Lipitor">Lipitor</a> was genericized in the U.S. when the first competing generic version was approved by the FDA in November 2011. In this same context, the term <i>genericization</i> refers to the process of a brand drug losing market exclusivity to generics. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Trademark_erosion">Trademark erosion</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Generic_trademark&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Trademark erosion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_generic_and_genericized_trademarks" title="List of generic and genericized trademarks">List of generic and genericized trademarks</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1985_Kawasaki_550_Jet_Ski%C2%AE.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/1985_Kawasaki_550_Jet_Ski%C2%AE.jpg/220px-1985_Kawasaki_550_Jet_Ski%C2%AE.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/1985_Kawasaki_550_Jet_Ski%C2%AE.jpg/330px-1985_Kawasaki_550_Jet_Ski%C2%AE.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/1985_Kawasaki_550_Jet_Ski%C2%AE.jpg/440px-1985_Kawasaki_550_Jet_Ski%C2%AE.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1814" data-file-height="929" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Jet_Ski" title="Jet Ski">Kawasaki Jet Ski</a></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Trademark erosion</b>, or <b>genericization</b>, is a special case of <a href="/wiki/Antonomasia" title="Antonomasia">antonomasia</a> related to <a href="/wiki/Trademark" title="Trademark">trademarks</a>. It happens when a trademark becomes so common that it starts being used as a common name<sup id="cite_ref-Marsden_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marsden-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Schofield_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schofield-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>and</i> the original company has failed to prevent such use.<sup id="cite_ref-Marsden_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marsden-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Schofield_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schofield-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Once it has become an appellative, the word cannot be registered any more; this is why companies try hard not to let their trademark become too common, a phenomenon that could otherwise be considered a successful move since it would mean that the company gained an exceptional recognition. An example of trademark erosion is the verb "to hoover" (used with the meaning of "vacuum cleaning"), which originated from the <a href="/wiki/The_Hoover_Company" title="The Hoover Company">Hoover</a> company brand name. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Nintendo" title="Nintendo">Nintendo</a> is an example of a brand that successfully fought trademark erosion, having managed to replace excessive use of its name with the term "<a href="/wiki/Game_console" class="mw-redirect" title="Game console">game console</a>", at that time a <a href="/wiki/Neologism" title="Neologism">neologism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Marsden_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marsden-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legal_concepts">Legal concepts</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Generic_trademark&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Legal concepts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Whether or not a mark is popularly identified as genericized, the owner of the mark may still be able to enforce the <a href="/wiki/Property" title="Property">proprietary</a> rights that attach to the use or registration of the mark, as long as the mark continues to exclusively identify the owner as the commercial origin of the applicable products or services. If the mark does not perform this essential function and it is no longer possible to legally enforce rights in relation to the mark, the mark may have become generic. In many legal systems (e.g., in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> but not in <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>) a generic mark forms part of the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a> and can be commercially exploited by anyone. Nevertheless, there exists the possibility of a trademark becoming a revocable generic term in German (and European) trademark law. </p><p>The process by which trademark rights are diminished or lost as a result of common use in the marketplace is known as <i>genericization</i>. This process typically occurs over a period of time in which a mark is not used as a trademark (i.e., where it is not used to exclusively identify the products or services of a particular business), where a mark falls into disuse entirely, or where the trademark owner does not enforce its rights through <a href="/wiki/Lawsuit" title="Lawsuit">actions</a> for <a href="/wiki/Passing_off_(legal_term)" class="mw-redirect" title="Passing off (legal term)">passing off</a> or <a href="/wiki/Trademark_infringement" title="Trademark infringement">trademark infringement</a>. </p><p>One risk factor that may lead to genericization is the use of a trademark as a <a href="/wiki/Verb" title="Verb">verb</a>, <a href="/wiki/Plural" title="Plural">plural</a> or <a href="/wiki/Possessive_pronoun" class="mw-redirect" title="Possessive pronoun">possessive</a>, unless the mark itself is possessive or plural (e.g., "Friendly's" restaurants).<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, in highly inflected languages, a tradename may have to carry case endings in usage. An example is <a href="/wiki/Finnish_language" title="Finnish language">Finnish</a>, where "<i><a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoftin</a></i>" is the <a href="/wiki/Genitive_case" title="Genitive case">genitive case</a> and "<i><a href="/wiki/Facebook" title="Facebook">Facebookista</a></i>" is the <a href="/wiki/Elative_case" title="Elative case">elative case</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Avoiding_genericization">Avoiding genericization</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Generic_trademark&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Avoiding genericization"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Generic use of a trademark presents an inherent risk to the effective enforcement of trademark rights and may ultimately lead to genericization. </p><p>Trademark owners may take various steps to reduce the risk, including educating businesses and consumers on appropriate trademark use, avoiding use of their marks in a generic manner, and systematically and effectively enforcing their trademark rights. If a trademark is associated with a new <a href="/wiki/Invention" title="Invention">invention</a>, the trademark owner may also consider developing a generic term for the product to be used in descriptive contexts, to avoid inappropriate use of the "house" mark. Such a term is called a <i>generic descriptor</i> and is frequently used immediately after the trademark to provide a description of the product or service. For example, "<a href="/wiki/Kleenex" title="Kleenex">Kleenex</a> tissues" ("facial tissues" being the generic descriptor) or "<a href="/wiki/Velcro" title="Velcro">Velcro</a>-brand fasteners" for Velcro brand name hook-and-loop fasteners. </p><p>Another common practice among trademark owners is to follow their trademark with the word <i>brand</i> to help define the word as a trademark. <a href="/wiki/Johnson_%26_Johnson" title="Johnson & Johnson">Johnson & Johnson</a> changed the lyrics of their <a href="/wiki/Band-Aid" title="Band-Aid">Band-Aid</a> television commercial jingle from, "I am stuck on Band-Aids, 'cause Band-Aid's stuck on me" to "I am stuck on Band-Aid <i>brand</i>, 'cause Band-Aid's stuck on me."<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Google" title="Google">Google</a> has gone to lengths to prevent this process, discouraging publications from using the term '<a href="/wiki/Google_(verb)" title="Google (verb)">googling</a>' in reference to Web searches. In 2006, both the <i><a href="/wiki/Oxford_English_Dictionary" title="Oxford English Dictionary">Oxford English Dictionary</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-bbc-google_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc-google-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <i><a href="/wiki/Merriam_Webster" class="mw-redirect" title="Merriam Webster">Merriam Webster Collegiate Dictionary</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-mw-google_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mw-google-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> struck a balance between acknowledging widespread use of the verb coinage and preserving the particular search engine's association with the coinage, defining <i><a href="/wiki/Google_(verb)" title="Google (verb)">google</a></i> (all lower case, with -<i>le</i> ending) as a verb meaning "use the Google search engine to obtain information on the Internet". The <a href="/wiki/Swedish_Language_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Swedish Language Council">Swedish Language Council</a> received a complaint from Google for its inclusion of <span title="Swedish-language text"><i lang="sv">ogooglebar</i></span> (meaning 'ungoogleable') on its list of new Swedish words from 2012. The Language Council chose to remove the word to avoid a legal process, but in return wrote that "[w]e decide together which words should be and how they are defined, used and spelled".<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Where a trademark is used generically, a trademark owner may need to take aggressive measures to retain <a href="/wiki/Exclusive_right" title="Exclusive right">exclusive rights</a> to the trademark. <a href="/wiki/Xerox" title="Xerox">Xerox Corporation</a> attempted to prevent the genericization of its core trademark through an extensive public relations campaign advising consumers to "<a href="/wiki/Photocopy" class="mw-redirect" title="Photocopy">photocopy</a>" instead of "xerox" documents.<sup id="cite_ref-xerox-advert_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-xerox-advert-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/The_Lego_Group" title="The Lego Group">Lego Company</a> has worked to prevent the genericization of its plastic <a href="/wiki/Building_blocks_(toy)" title="Building blocks (toy)">building blocks</a> following the expiration of Lego's last major patents in 1978.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lego manuals and catalogs throughout the 1980s included a message imploring customers to preserve the brand name by "referring to [their] bricks as 'LEGO Bricks or Toys', and not just 'LEGOS'."<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the early 2000s, the company acquired the Legos.com <a href="/wiki/URL" title="URL">URL</a> in order to redirect customers to the Lego.com website and deliver a similar message.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite these efforts, many children and adults in the United States continue to use "Legos" as the plural form of "Lego," but competing and interchangeable products, such as those manufactured by <a href="/wiki/Mega_Brands" title="Mega Brands">Mega Brands</a>, are often referred to simply as building blocks or construction blocks.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The company has successfully put legal pressure on the <a href="/wiki/Swedish_Academy" title="Swedish Academy">Swedish Academy</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Swedish_Institute_for_Language_and_Folklore" title="Swedish Institute for Language and Folklore">Institute for Language and Folklore</a> to remove the noun <span title="Swedish-language text"><i lang="sv">lego</i></span> from their dictionaries.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Adobe_Inc." title="Adobe Inc.">Adobe Inc.</a> has experienced mixed success with preventing the genericization of their trademarked software, <a href="/wiki/Adobe_Photoshop" title="Adobe Photoshop">Adobe Photoshop</a>. This is shown via recurring use of "photoshop" as a noun, verb, or general adjective for all <a href="/wiki/Photograph_manipulation" title="Photograph manipulation">photo manipulation</a> throughout the Internet and mass media.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Protected_designation_of_origin">Protected designation of origin</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Generic_trademark&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Protected designation of origin"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Since 2003, the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> has actively sought to restrict the use of <a href="/wiki/Geographical_indication" title="Geographical indication">geographical indications</a> by third parties outside the EU by enforcing laws regarding "<a href="/wiki/Protected_designation_of_origin" title="Protected designation of origin">protected designation of origin</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although a geographical indication for specialty food or drink may be generic, it is not a trademark because it does not serve to identify exclusively a specific commercial enterprise and therefore cannot constitute a genericized trademark. </p><p>The extension of protection for geographical indications is somewhat controversial. A geographical indication may have been registered as a trademark elsewhere; for example, if "Parma Ham" was part of a trademark registered in <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a> by a Canadian manufacturer, then ham manufacturers in <a href="/wiki/Parma" title="Parma">Parma</a>, Italy, might be unable to use this name in Canada. Wines (such as <a href="/wiki/Bordeaux_wine" title="Bordeaux wine">Bordeaux</a>, <a href="/wiki/Port_wine" title="Port wine">Port</a> and <a href="/wiki/Champagne_wine" class="mw-redirect" title="Champagne wine">Champagne</a>), cheeses (such as <a href="/wiki/Roquefort_cheese" class="mw-redirect" title="Roquefort cheese">Roquefort</a>, <a href="/wiki/Parmesan" title="Parmesan">Parmesan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gouda_cheese" title="Gouda cheese">Gouda</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Feta_cheese" class="mw-redirect" title="Feta cheese">Feta</a>), <a href="/wiki/Pisco" title="Pisco">Pisco</a> liquor, and <a href="/wiki/Scotch_whisky" title="Scotch whisky">Scotch whisky</a> are examples of geographical indications. Compare Russian use of "Шампанское" (= Shampanskoye) for <a href="/wiki/Champagne" title="Champagne">champagne</a>-type wine made in Russia. </p><p>In the 1990s, the Parma consortium successfully sued the <a href="/wiki/Asda" title="Asda">Asda</a> <a href="/wiki/Supermarket" title="Supermarket">supermarket</a> chain to prevent it using the description "Parma ham" on <a href="/wiki/Prosciutto" title="Prosciutto">prosciutto</a> produced in Parma but sliced outside the Parma region.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The European Court ruled that pre-packaged ham must be produced, sliced, and packaged in Parma in order to be labeled for sale as "Parma ham".<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Scale_of_distinctiveness">Scale of distinctiveness</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Generic_trademark&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Scale of distinctiveness"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Trademark_distinctiveness" title="Trademark distinctiveness">Trademark distinctiveness</a></div> <p>A trademark is said to fall somewhere along a scale from being "<a href="/wiki/Trademark_distinctiveness" title="Trademark distinctiveness">distinctive</a>" to "generic" (used primarily as a common name for the product or service rather than an indication of source). Among distinctive trademarks the scale goes from strong to weak:<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dt>"Fanciful" or "coined"</dt> <dd>original words with no meaning as to the nature of the product</dd> <dt>"Arbitrary"</dt> <dd>existing words with little if any reference to the nature of the product or service</dd> <dt>"Suggestive"</dt> <dd>having primarily trademark significance but with suggestion as to the nature of the product</dd> <dt>"Descriptive"</dt> <dd>not just suggesting, but actually describing the product or service yet still understood as indicating source</dd> <dt>"Merely descriptive"</dt> <dd>having almost entirely reference to the product or service but capable of becoming "distinctive".</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Generic_trademark&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brand_management" title="Brand management">Brand management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eponym" title="Eponym">Eponym</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Generic_brand" title="Generic brand">Generic brand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_generic_and_genericized_trademarks" title="List of generic and genericized trademarks">List of generic and genericized trademarks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metonymy" title="Metonymy">Metonymy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proper_adjective" title="Proper adjective">Proper adjective</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synecdoche" title="Synecdoche">Synecdoche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trademark_dilution" title="Trademark dilution">Trademark dilution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counteraction_principle" title="Counteraction principle">Counteraction principle</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Generic_trademark&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFShenker1972" class="citation news cs1">Shenker, Israel (1972-11-20). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1972/11/20/archives/trade-names-come-and-go-and-now-theres-exxon-winds-of-change-buffet.html">"Trade Names Come and Go and Now There's — Exxon"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-12-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Trade+Names+Come+and+Go+and+Now+There%27s+%E2%80%94+Exxon&rft.date=1972-11-20&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Shenker&rft.aufirst=Israel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1972%2F11%2F20%2Farchives%2Ftrade-names-come-and-go-and-now-theres-exxon-winds-of-change-buffet.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneric+trademark" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/genericide">"genericide"</a>. <i>LII / Legal Information Institute</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-12-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=LII+%2F+Legal+Information+Institute&rft.atitle=genericide&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.law.cornell.edu%2Fwex%2Fgenericide&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneric+trademark" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.consumerreports.org/consumerist/15-product-trademarks-that-have-become-victims-of-genericization/">"15 Product Trademarks That Have Become Victims Of Genericization"</a>. <i>Consumer Reports</i>. 19 July 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 August</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Consumer+Reports&rft.atitle=15+Product+Trademarks+That+Have+Become+Victims+Of+Genericization&rft.date=2014-07-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.consumerreports.org%2Fconsumerist%2F15-product-trademarks-that-have-become-victims-of-genericization%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneric+trademark" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFishern.d." class="citation web cs1">Fisher, William (n.d.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cyber.law.harvard.edu/metaschool/fisher/domain/tm.htm">"Overview of Trademark Law"</a>. Harvard Law School.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Overview+of+Trademark+Law&rft.pub=Harvard+Law+School&rft.aulast=Fisher&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcyber.law.harvard.edu%2Fmetaschool%2Ffisher%2Fdomain%2Ftm.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneric+trademark" class="Z3988"></span> "Under some circumstances, terms that are not originally generic can become generic over time (a process called "genericity"), and thus become unprotected."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHyra" class="citation web cs1">Hyra, Clifford D. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100125000246/http://patents101.com/2009/11/how-long-does-a-trademark-last/">"How Long Does a Trademark Last?"</a>. <i>Patents 101</i>. Hyra IP, PLC. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://patents101.com/2009/11/how-long-does-a-trademark-last/">the original</a> on 25 January 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Patents+101&rft.atitle=How+Long+Does+a+Trademark+Last%3F&rft.aulast=Hyra&rft.aufirst=Clifford+D.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpatents101.com%2F2009%2F11%2Fhow-long-does-a-trademark-last%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneric+trademark" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://euipo.europa.eu/ohimportal/en/invalidity-and-revocation">"Invalidity and revocation (cancellation)"</a>. European Union Intellectual Property Office<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-12-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Invalidity+and+revocation+%28cancellation%29&rft.pub=European+Union+Intellectual+Property+Office&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feuipo.europa.eu%2Fohimportal%2Fen%2Finvalidity-and-revocation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneric+trademark" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.repository.law.indiana.edu/ilj/vol39/iss1/4">"Entertainment Title Duplication Cases: A Process of Evolution"</a>. <i>Indiana Law Journal</i>. <b>39</b> (110). 1963-10-01. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0019-6665">0019-6665</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Indiana+Law+Journal&rft.atitle=Entertainment+Title+Duplication+Cases%3A+A+Process+of+Evolution&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=110&rft.date=1963-10-01&rft.issn=0019-6665&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.repository.law.indiana.edu%2Filj%2Fvol39%2Fiss1%2F4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneric+trademark" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/thetmr40&id=400&div=&collection=">"Haughton Elevator Company v. Seeberger"</a>. <i>The Trade-Mark Reporter</i>. <b>40</b>: 326. 1950. <q>(Thus, in the Architectural FORUM for March 1946, appears an advertisement beginning as follows: "Otis elevators Otis escalators." From this it is seen that the word "escalators" is used generically or descriptively and without any trademark significance just as is the word "elevators." Also, in the same magazine for January 1946, on page 184 thereof, appears the advertisement of the Otis Elevator Company with the name "OTIS," in a circle, prominently displayed near the middle of the page, beneath which is this notation in bold letters "THE MEANING OF THE OTIS TRADEMARK." Beneath this, in part, is the following: "To the millions of daily passengers on the Otis elevators and escalators, the Otis trademark or name plate means safe, convenient, energy-saving transportation. To thousands of building owners and managers, the Otis trademark means the utmost in safe, efficient economical elevator and escalator operation." It is obvious to me from this advertisement that the trademark emphasis is on the word "Otis" and its significant mark because here, again, the word "escalator" or "escalators" is written in small letters and in the same manner and same context as the word "elevator" or "elevators" which obviously has no trademark significance.)</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Trade-Mark+Reporter&rft.atitle=Haughton+Elevator+Company+v.+Seeberger&rft.volume=40&rft.pages=326&rft.date=1950&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fheinonline.org%2FHOL%2FPage%3Fhandle%3Dhein.journals%2Fthetmr40%26id%3D400%26div%3D%26collection%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneric+trademark" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mddionline.com/components/the-life-and-death-of-the-luer">"The Life and Death of the Luer"</a>. <i>www.mddionline.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-12-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.mddionline.com&rft.atitle=The+Life+and+Death+of+the+Luer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mddionline.com%2Fcomponents%2Fthe-life-and-death-of-the-luer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneric+trademark" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reichert.com/en/phoroptor100">"Phoroptor® by Reichert®: Celebrating 100 Years of Making Vision Clearer"</a>. <i>AMETEK Reichert</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-12-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AMETEK+Reichert&rft.atitle=Phoroptor%C2%AE+by+Reichert%C2%AE%3A+Celebrating+100+Years+of+Making+Vision+Clearer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reichert.com%2Fen%2Fphoroptor100&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneric+trademark" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.macmillan.org.uk/cancer-information-and-support/treatment/types-of-treatment/chemotherapy/implantable-ports">"Implantable ports"</a>. <i>www.macmillan.org.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-12-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.macmillan.org.uk&rft.atitle=Implantable+ports&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.macmillan.org.uk%2Fcancer-information-and-support%2Ftreatment%2Ftypes-of-treatment%2Fchemotherapy%2Fimplantable-ports&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneric+trademark" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.who.int/teams/health-product-and-policy-standards/">"International Nonproprietary Names Programme and Classification of Medical Products"</a>. World Health Organization<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-12-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=International+Nonproprietary+Names+Programme+and+Classification+of+Medical+Products&rft.pub=World+Health+Organization&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fteams%2Fhealth-product-and-policy-standards%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneric+trademark" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTemple2002" class="citation web cs1">Temple, Robert (November 15, 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/appletter/2002/21436ltr.pdf">"NDA 21-436: Letter to Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration" title="Food and Drug Administration">Food and Drug Administration</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Health_and_Human_Services" title="United States Department of Health and Human Services">United States Department of Health and Human Services</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NDA+21-436%3A+Letter+to+Otsuka+Pharmaceutical+Co.%2C+Ltd.&rft.pub=Food+and+Drug+Administration%2C+United+States+Department+of+Health+and+Human+Services&rft.date=2002-11-15&rft.aulast=Temple&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.accessdata.fda.gov%2Fdrugsatfda_docs%2Fappletter%2F2002%2F21436ltr.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneric+trademark" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.bms.com/news/corporate-financial/2008/US-Food-and-Drug-Administration-Approves-ABILIFYR-aripiprazole-for-Add-On-Treatment-to-Lithium-or-Valproate-in-the-Acute-Treatment-of-Adults-With-Manic-and-Mixed-Episodes-of-Bipolar-I-Disorder-With-or-Without-Psychotic-Features/default.aspx">"U.S. Food and Drug Administration Approves Abilify® (aripiprazole) as the First Medication for Add-On Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)"</a> (Press release). Bristol-Myers Squibb Company. November 20, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=U.S.+Food+and+Drug+Administration+Approves+Abilify%C2%AE+%28aripiprazole%29+as+the+First+Medication+for+Add-On+Treatment+of+Major+Depressive+Disorder+%28MDD%29&rft.pub=Bristol-Myers+Squibb+Company&rft.date=2007-11-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.bms.com%2Fnews%2Fcorporate-financial%2F2008%2FUS-Food-and-Drug-Administration-Approves-ABILIFYR-aripiprazole-for-Add-On-Treatment-to-Lithium-or-Valproate-in-the-Acute-Treatment-of-Adults-With-Manic-and-Mixed-Episodes-of-Bipolar-I-Disorder-With-or-Without-Psychotic-Features%2Fdefault.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneric+trademark" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreenawayElbe2009" class="citation journal cs1">Greenaway, Masa’il; Elbe, Dean (August 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2732733">"Focus on Aripiprazole: A Review of its use in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry"</a>. <i>Journal of the Canadian Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry</i>. <b>18</b> (3). Canadian Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry: 250–260. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2732733">2732733</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19718428">19718428</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Canadian+Academy+of+Child+and+Adolescent+Psychiatry&rft.atitle=Focus+on+Aripiprazole%3A+A+Review+of+its+use+in+Child+and+Adolescent+Psychiatry&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=250-260&rft.date=2009-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2732733%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F19718428&rft.aulast=Greenaway&rft.aufirst=Masa%E2%80%99il&rft.au=Elbe%2C+Dean&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2732733&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneric+trademark" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLim2017" class="citation journal cs1">Lim, Gregory B. (14 December 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nature.com/articles/nrcardio.2017.172">"Milestone 2: Warfarin: from rat poison to clinical use"</a>. <i>Nature Reviews Cardiology</i>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnrcardio.2017.172">10.1038/nrcardio.2017.172</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29238065">29238065</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature+Reviews+Cardiology&rft.atitle=Milestone+2%3A+Warfarin%3A+from+rat+poison+to+clinical+use&rft.date=2017-12-14&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fnrcardio.2017.172&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F29238065&rft.aulast=Lim&rft.aufirst=Gregory+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nature.com%2Farticles%2Fnrcardio.2017.172&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneric+trademark" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite><i>Bayer Co. v. United Drug Co.</i></cite>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cyber.law.harvard.edu/metaschool/fisher/domain/tmcases/bayer.htm">272 F. 505</a>, p.512 (S.D.N.Y 1921) ("Disregarding this, however, it was too late in the autumn of 1915 to reclaim the word which had already passed into the public domain. If the consuming public had once learned to know 'Aspirin' as the accepted name for the drug, perhaps it is true that an extended course of education might have added to it some proprietary meaning, but it would be very difficult to prove that it had been done in 17 months, and in any case the plaintiff does not try to prove it. [...] Yet, had it not been indifferent to the results of selling to the consumer, it could have protected itself just as well at the time when consumers began to buy directly as in 1915. Nothing would have been easier than to insist that the tablet makers should market the drug in small tin boxes bearing the plaintiff's name, or to take over the sale just as it did later. Instead of this, they allowed the manufacturing chemists to build up this part of the demand without regard to the trade-mark. Having made that bed, they must be content to lie in it. Hence it appears to me that nothing happening between October, 1915, and March, 1917, will serve to turn the word into a trade-mark.").</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Marsden-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Marsden_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Marsden_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Marsden_18-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarsden2011" class="citation news cs1">Marsden, Rhodri (10 June 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/analysis-and-features/genericide-when-brands-get-too-big-2295428.html">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Genericide': When brands get too big"</a>. <i>The Independent</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 August</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=%27Genericide%27%3A+When+brands+get+too+big&rft.date=2011-06-10&rft.aulast=Marsden&rft.aufirst=Rhodri&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fbusiness%2Fanalysis-and-features%2Fgenericide-when-brands-get-too-big-2295428.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneric+trademark" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Schofield-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Schofield_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Schofield_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchofield2017" class="citation web cs1">Schofield, John (26 January 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210720143127/https://www.thelawyersdaily.ca/articles/3444">"Sometimes a trademark is too 'successful'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>The Lawyer's Daily</i>. LexisNexis Canada. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thelawyersdaily.ca/articles/3444">the original</a> on 20 July 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 August</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Lawyer%27s+Daily&rft.atitle=Sometimes+a+trademark+is+too+%27successful%27&rft.date=2017-01-26&rft.aulast=Schofield&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thelawyersdaily.ca%2Farticles%2F3444&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneric+trademark" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170830061553/http://www.thelinguafile.com/2012/11/generic-trademarks.html">"Generic Trademarks"</a>. <i>The Lingua File</i>. 29 November 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thelinguafile.com/2012/11/generic-trademarks.html">the original</a> on 30 August 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Lingua+File&rft.atitle=Generic+Trademarks&rft.date=2012-11-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thelinguafile.com%2F2012%2F11%2Fgeneric-trademarks.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneric+trademark" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090210041955/http://www.3com.com/corpinfo/en_US/legal/trademark/prop_usage_tmb.html">"Trademarks and Brands"</a>. <i>3Com Legal</i>. 3Com Corporation. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.3com.com/corpinfo/en_US/legal/trademark/prop_usage_tmb.html#1">the original</a> on 10 February 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 March</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=3Com+Legal&rft.atitle=Trademarks+and+Brands&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.3com.com%2Fcorpinfo%2Fen_US%2Flegal%2Ftrademark%2Fprop_usage_tmb.html%231&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneric+trademark" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMicrosoft_Oy2011" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Microsoft Oy (10 November 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blogs.technet.com/b/uutisia/archive/2011/11/10/nokia-lumia-800-ensiesittelyss-228-microsoftin-hello-helsinki-tapahtumassa.aspx">"Nokia Lumia 800 ensiesittelyssä Microsoftin Hello Helsinki! -tapahtumassa"</a>. <i>Microsoft TechNet</i> (in Finnish). Microsoft<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 January</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Microsoft+TechNet&rft.atitle=Nokia+Lumia+800+ensiesittelyss%C3%A4+Microsoftin+Hello+Helsinki%21+-tapahtumassa&rft.date=2011-11-10&rft.au=Microsoft+Oy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblogs.technet.com%2Fb%2Fuutisia%2Farchive%2F2011%2F11%2F10%2Fnokia-lumia-800-ensiesittelyss-228-microsoftin-hello-helsinki-tapahtumassa.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneric+trademark" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.genericides.org/cost-effective-way-protect-against-genericide">"A cost effective way to protect against genericide"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 28,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+cost+effective+way+to+protect+against+genericide&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.genericides.org%2Fcost-effective-way-protect-against-genericide&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneric+trademark" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bbc-google-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bbc-google_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDuffy2003" class="citation news cs1">Duffy, Jonathan (20 June 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/3006486.stm">"Google calls in the 'language police'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 August</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Google+calls+in+the+%27language+police%27&rft.date=2003-06-20&rft.aulast=Duffy&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fuk%2F3006486.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneric+trademark" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mw-google-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-mw-google_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/google">"Google"</a>. <i>Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary</i>. <a href="/wiki/Merriam-Webster" title="Merriam-Webster">Merriam-Webster, Incorporated</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 August</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Merriam-Webster.com+Dictionary&rft.atitle=Google&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2Fgoogle&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneric+trademark" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFanning2013" class="citation web cs1">Fanning, Sean (26 March 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-21944834">"Google gets ungoogleable off Sweden's new word list"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190617215216/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-21944834">Archived</a> from the original on 17 June 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 April</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Google+gets+ungoogleable+off+Sweden%27s+new+word+list&rft.date=2013-03-26&rft.aulast=Fanning&rft.aufirst=Sean&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld-europe-21944834&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneric+trademark" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-xerox-advert-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-xerox-advert_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarton2010" class="citation web cs1">Carton, Bruce (30 June 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://legalblogwatch.typepad.com/legal_blog_watch/2010/06/xerox-ad-pretends-we-care-about-its-trademark-rights-to-term-xerox.html">"Xerox Ad Pretends We Care About Its Trademark Rights to Term Xerox"</a>. <i>Legal Blog Watch</i>. Law.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 August</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Legal+Blog+Watch&rft.atitle=Xerox+Ad+Pretends+We+Care+About+Its+Trademark+Rights+to+Term+Xerox&rft.date=2010-06-30&rft.aulast=Carton&rft.aufirst=Bruce&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flegalblogwatch.typepad.com%2Flegal_blog_watch%2F2010%2F06%2Fxerox-ad-pretends-we-care-about-its-trademark-rights-to-term-xerox.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneric+trademark" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAusten2005" class="citation news cs1">Austen, Ian (2005-02-02). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2005/02/02/business/worldbusiness/building-a-legal-case-block-by-block.html">"Building a Legal Case, Block by Block"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-12-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Building+a+Legal+Case%2C+Block+by+Block&rft.date=2005-02-02&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Austen&rft.aufirst=Ian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2005%2F02%2F02%2Fbusiness%2Fworldbusiness%2Fbuilding-a-legal-case-block-by-block.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneric+trademark" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCooper2023" class="citation web cs1">Cooper, John (2023-08-18). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bricknerd.com/home/susan-williams-the-most-famous-lego-employee-that-never-existed-8-18-23">"Susan Williams: The Most Famous LEGO Employee That Never Existed"</a>. <i>BrickNerd - All things LEGO and the LEGO fan community</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-12-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BrickNerd+-+All+things+LEGO+and+the+LEGO+fan+community&rft.atitle=Susan+Williams%3A+The+Most+Famous+LEGO+Employee+That+Never+Existed&rft.date=2023-08-18&rft.aulast=Cooper&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbricknerd.com%2Fhome%2Fsusan-williams-the-most-famous-lego-employee-that-never-existed-8-18-23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneric+trademark" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRetroist" class="citation web cs1">Retroist. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.retroist.com/p/1985-lego-catalog">"1985 Lego Catalog"</a>. <i>www.retroist.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-12-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.retroist.com&rft.atitle=1985+Lego+Catalog&rft.au=Retroist&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.retroist.com%2Fp%2F1985-lego-catalog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneric+trademark" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theglobeandmail.com/technology/please----its-lego-not-legos/article1123326/">"Please -- it's LEGO, not Legos"</a>. <i>The Globe and Mail</i>. 2005-09-06<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-12-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Globe+and+Mail&rft.atitle=Please+--+it%27s+LEGO%2C+not+Legos&rft.date=2005-09-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theglobeandmail.com%2Ftechnology%2Fplease----its-lego-not-legos%2Farticle1123326%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneric+trademark" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fortune.com/2017/04/19/mattel-vs-lego-building-toys/">"How Mattel Is Challenging Lego's Building Brick Dominance"</a>. <i>Fortune</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-12-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Fortune&rft.atitle=How+Mattel+Is+Challenging+Lego%27s+Building+Brick+Dominance&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffortune.com%2F2017%2F04%2F19%2Fmattel-vs-lego-building-toys%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneric+trademark" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSvensson2024" class="citation magazine cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Svensson, Anders (2024). "Orden som försvinner i tysthet" [The words that silently disappear]. <i>Språktidningen</i> [<i>The Language Magazine</i>] (in Swedish). No. 3. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1654-5028">1654-5028</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Spr%C3%A5ktidningen&rft.atitle=Orden+som+f%C3%B6rsvinner+i+tysthet&rft.issue=3&rft.date=2024&rft.issn=1654-5028&rft.aulast=Svensson&rft.aufirst=Anders&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneric+trademark" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.adobe.com/misc/trade.html">"General trademark guidelines"</a>. Adobe. Adobe Systems Incorporated<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 January</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=General+trademark+guidelines&rft.pub=Adobe+Systems+Incorporated&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.adobe.com%2Fmisc%2Ftrade.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneric+trademark" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRovamo2006" class="citation thesis cs1">Rovamo, Oskari (August 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180918164153/http://ethesis.helsinki.fi/julkaisut/oik/julki/pg/rovamo/monopoli.pdf"><i>Monopolising Names? The Protection of Geographical Indications in the European Community</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Pro Gradu). Faculty of Law, Helsinki University. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ethesis.helsinki.fi/julkaisut/oik/julki/pg/rovamo/monopoli.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 18 September 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 March</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=Monopolising+Names%3F+The+Protection+of+Geographical+Indications+in+the+European+Community&rft.inst=Faculty+of+Law%2C+Helsinki+University&rft.date=2006-08&rft.aulast=Rovamo&rft.aufirst=Oskari&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fethesis.helsinki.fi%2Fjulkaisut%2Foik%2Fjulki%2Fpg%2Frovamo%2Fmonopoli.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneric+trademark" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOwenElliott2003" class="citation news cs1">Owen, Richard; Elliott, Valerie (21 May 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/article1134467.ece">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Barmy' ruling bans Asda from undercutting its Parma ham"</a>. <i>The Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 October</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=%27Barmy%27+ruling+bans+Asda+from+undercutting+its+Parma+ham&rft.date=2003-05-21&rft.aulast=Owen&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft.au=Elliott%2C+Valerie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesonline.co.uk%2Ftol%2Fnews%2Fuk%2Farticle1134467.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneric+trademark" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged September 2024">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/3043283.stm">"Asda slams 'ham-fisted' Parma ruling"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. <a href="/wiki/British_Broadcasting_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="British Broadcasting Corporation">British Broadcasting Corporation</a>. 20 May 2003<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 August</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Asda+slams+%27ham-fisted%27+Parma+ruling&rft.date=2003-05-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fbusiness%2F3043283.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneric+trademark" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cornell Law School Legal Information Institute, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/abercrombie%20classification">Abercrombie Classification</a>" (last visited Feb. 3, 2024)</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Generic_trademark&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoom1983" class="citation book cs1">Room, Adrian (1983). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dictionaryoftrad00room"><i>Dictionary of Trade Name Origins</i></a></span>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7102-0174-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7102-0174-4"><bdi>978-0-7102-0174-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+Trade+Name+Origins&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=978-0-7102-0174-4&rft.aulast=Room&rft.aufirst=Adrian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdictionaryoftrad00room&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneric+trademark" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Generic_trademark&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/generic_trademark" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Special:Search/generic trademark">generic trademark</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090123042428/http://searstower.org/rkrause/brands.html">American Proprietary Eponyms, a project by R. Krause, December 1997</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Trademark_law" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Trademark_law" title="Template:Trademark law"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Trademark_law" title="Template talk:Trademark law"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Trademark_law" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Trademark law"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Trademark_law" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Trademark" title="Trademark">Trademark law</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trademark_distinctiveness" title="Trademark distinctiveness">Distinctiveness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trademark_dilution" title="Trademark dilution">Dilution</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Generic trademark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passing_off" title="Passing off">Passing off</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concurrent_use_registration" title="Concurrent use registration">Concurrent use</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priority_right" title="Priority right">Priority right</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_mark_coexistence_agreement" class="mw-redirect" title="Trade mark coexistence agreement">Coexistence agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confusing_similarity" title="Confusing similarity">Confusing similarity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Functionality_doctrine" title="Functionality doctrine">Functionality doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Initial_interest_confusion" title="Initial interest confusion">Initial interest confusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tea_Rose_%E2%80%93_Rectanus_doctrine" title="Tea Rose – Rectanus doctrine">Good faith doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fair_use_(U.S._trademark_law)" title="Fair use (U.S. trademark law)">Fair use</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secondary_liability" title="Secondary liability">Secondary liability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nominative_use" title="Nominative use">Nominative use</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disparagement" title="Disparagement">Disparagement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reputation_parasitism" title="Reputation parasitism">Reputation parasitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cybersquatting" title="Cybersquatting">Cybersquatting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parallel_import" title="Parallel import">Parallel import</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trademark#Well-known_status" title="Trademark">Well-known trademark</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="The word "R" within a circle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/RegisteredTM.svg/50px-RegisteredTM.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/RegisteredTM.svg/75px-RegisteredTM.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/RegisteredTM.svg/100px-RegisteredTM.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Treaties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paris_Convention_for_the_Protection_of_Industrial_Property" title="Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property">Paris Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madrid_Agreement" class="mw-redirect" title="Madrid Agreement">Madrid Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madrid_Protocol" title="Madrid Protocol">Madrid Protocol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agreement_on_Trade-Related_Aspects_of_Intellectual_Property_Rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights">TRIPS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singapore_Treaty_on_the_Law_of_Trademarks" title="Singapore Treaty on the Law of Trademarks">Singapore Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_Trade_Mark" class="mw-redirect" title="Community Trade Mark">Community Trade Mark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uniform_Domain-Name_Dispute-Resolution_Policy" title="Uniform Domain-Name Dispute-Resolution Policy">Uniform Domain-Name Dispute-Resolution Policy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Country</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_trade_mark_law" title="Australian trade mark law">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_trademark_law" title="Canadian trademark law">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trademark_law_of_China" title="Trademark law of China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_mark_law_of_the_European_Union" title="Trade mark law of the European Union">European Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_trademark_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Hong Kong trademark law">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_trademark_law" title="Indian trademark law">India</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irish_trademark_law&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Irish trademark law (page does not exist)">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_trademark_law" title="Japanese trademark law">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trademark_Law_of_Oman" class="mw-redirect" title="Trademark Law of Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_trademark_law" title="Philippine trademark law">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_trade_mark_law" title="United Kingdom trade mark law">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_trademark_law" title="United States trademark law">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Trademark_classification" title="Trademark classification">Types</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/International_(Nice)_Classification_of_Goods_and_Services" title="International (Nice) Classification of Goods and Services">Standard</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Registered_trademark" class="mw-redirect" title="Registered trademark">Registered trademark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Service_mark" title="Service mark">Service mark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_dress" title="Trade dress">Trade dress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unregistered_trademark" title="Unregistered trademark">Unregistered trademark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wordmark" title="Wordmark">Wordmark</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-standard</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Certification_mark" title="Certification mark">Certification marks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chartered_mark" title="Chartered mark">Chartered marks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collective_trademark" class="mw-redirect" title="Collective trademark">Collective trademarks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defensive_trademark" class="mw-redirect" title="Defensive trademark">Defensive trademarks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_registration_mark" title="Electronic registration mark">Electronic registration marks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intellectual_property_protection_of_typefaces" title="Intellectual property protection of typefaces">Font trademark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghost_mark" title="Ghost mark">Ghost marks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geographical_indication" title="Geographical indication">Geographical indication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protected_designation_of_origin" title="Protected designation of origin">Protected designation of origin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Non-conventional_trademark" title="Non-conventional trademark">Non-conventional</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colour_trade_mark" title="Colour trade mark">Colour trademarks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hologram_trademark" title="Hologram trademark">Hologram trademarks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motion_trademark" class="mw-redirect" title="Motion trademark">Motion trademarks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scent_trademark" class="mw-redirect" title="Scent trademark">Scent trademarks</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shape_trademark&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shape trademark (page does not exist)">Shape trademarks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sound_trademark" title="Sound trademark">Sound trademarks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brand" title="Brand">Brand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emblem" title="Emblem">Emblem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logo" title="Logo">Logo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bodies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_Intellectual_Property_Organization" title="World Intellectual Property Organization">WIPO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Trademark_Association" title="International Trademark Association">International Trademark Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_Intellectual_Property_Office" title="European Union Intellectual Property Office">EUIPO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Patent_and_Trademark_Office" title="United States Patent and Trademark Office">USPTO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Corporation_for_Assigned_Names_and_Numbers" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers">ICANN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deutsches_Patent-_und_Markenamt" class="mw-redirect" title="Deutsches Patent- und Markenamt">Deutsches Patent- und Markenamt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Intellectual_Property_Office" title="Canadian Intellectual Property Office">CIPO</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Symbols</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Registered_trademark_symbol" title="Registered trademark symbol">Registered trademark symbol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Service_mark_symbol" title="Service mark symbol">Service mark symbol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trademark_symbol" title="Trademark symbol">Unregistered trademark symbol</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Disputes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Budweiser_trademark_dispute" title="Budweiser trademark dispute">Budweiser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debian%E2%80%93Mozilla_trademark_dispute" title="Debian–Mozilla trademark dispute">Debian–Mozilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stolichnaya_trademark_dispute" class="mw-redirect" title="Stolichnaya trademark dispute">Stolichnaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugg_boots_trademark_dispute" title="Ugg boots trademark dispute">Ugg boots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Redskins_trademark_dispute" title="Washington Redskins trademark dispute">Washington Redskins</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trademark_attorney" title="Trademark attorney">Trademark attorney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trademark_examiner" title="Trademark examiner">Trademark examiner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trademark_infringement" title="Trademark infringement">Trademark infringement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trademark_share" title="Trademark share">Trademark share</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trademark_troll" title="Trademark troll">Trademark troll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Trademark_Review" title="World Trademark Review">World Trademark Review</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Trademark_law" title="Category:Trademark law">Category:Trademark law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_trademark_case_law" title="List of trademark case law">Case laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Trademarks" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Trademarks">WP:MOS/Trademarks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Generic_trademark&oldid=1247959381">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Generic_trademark&oldid=1247959381</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Brand_management" title="Category:Brand management">Brand management</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Trademark_law" title="Category:Trademark law">Trademark law</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Product_management" title="Category:Product management">Product management</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Eponyms" title="Category:Eponyms">Eponyms</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Finnish-language_sources_(fi)" title="Category:CS1 Finnish-language sources (fi)">CS1 Finnish-language sources (fi)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Swedish-language_sources_(sv)" title="Category:CS1 Swedish-language sources (sv)">CS1 Swedish-language sources (sv)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_dead_external_links" title="Category:All articles with dead external links">All articles with dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_dead_external_links_from_September_2024" title="Category:Articles with dead external links from September 2024">Articles with dead external links from September 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_references_from_December_2022" title="Category:Articles needing additional references from December 2022">Articles needing additional references from December 2022</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_additional_references" title="Category:All articles needing additional references">All articles needing additional references</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_multiple_image_with_auto_scaled_images" title="Category:Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images">Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Swedish-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Swedish-language text">Articles containing Swedish-language text</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 26 September 2024, at 22:43<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Generic_trademark&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-78f4c97c5d-5wwrm","wgBackendResponseTime":162,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.796","walltime":"0.943","ppvisitednodes":{"value":2762,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":116734,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":4383,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":17,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":11,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":155442,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 821.866 1 -total"," 41.50% 341.101 1 Template:Reflist"," 14.78% 121.502 7 Template:Cite_news"," 14.71% 120.884 2 Template:Lang"," 12.74% 104.670 22 Template:Cite_web"," 11.17% 91.774 1 Template:Intellectual_property"," 8.05% 66.159 1 Template:Short_description"," 6.95% 57.133 1 Template:More_citations_needed"," 6.43% 52.849 1 Template:Ambox"," 4.85% 39.827 2 Template:Pagetype"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.540","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":25803276,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-7fc47fc68d-nqk2p","timestamp":"20241128193209","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Generic trademark","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Generic_trademark","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q765270","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q765270","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2003-07-13T03:17:47Z","dateModified":"2024-09-26T22:43:54Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/8\/86\/Jello_sign.jpg","headline":"trademark or brand name that has become the generic name for a class of product or service, sometimes resulting in loss of legal protection"}</script> </body> </html>