CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Typeface - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"036a0804-1150-401f-8460-9b517456a85c","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Typeface","wgTitle":"Typeface","wgCurRevisionId":1258093189,"wgRevisionId":1258093189,"wgArticleId":64105,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from December 2014","Articles with unsourced statements from March 2013","All articles lacking reliable references","Articles lacking reliable references from February 2022","Articles with unsourced statements from December 2015","Articles containing German-language text","Articles needing additional references from July 2019", "All articles needing additional references","Articles with excerpts","Commons category link is on Wikidata","Articles containing video clips","Typefaces","Typography","Typesetting"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Typeface","wgRelevantArticleId":64105,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":70000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false, "wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q17451","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","ext.pygments":"ready","ext.tmh.player.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready", "ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","ext.pygments.view","mediawiki.page.media","ext.tmh.player","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.pygments%2CwikimediaBadges%7Cext.tmh.player.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/A_Specimen_by_William_Caslon.jpg/1200px-A_Specimen_by_William_Caslon.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1576"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/A_Specimen_by_William_Caslon.jpg/800px-A_Specimen_by_William_Caslon.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1051"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/A_Specimen_by_William_Caslon.jpg/640px-A_Specimen_by_William_Caslon.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="841"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Typeface - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typeface"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Typeface&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typeface"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Typeface rootpage-Typeface skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Typeface" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Typeface" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Typeface" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Typeface" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Terminology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Terminology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Terminology</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Terminology-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Terminology subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Terminology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sizing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sizing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Sizing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sizing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Digital_type" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Digital_type"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Digital type</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Digital_type-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Typeface_anatomy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Typeface_anatomy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Typeface anatomy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Typeface_anatomy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Typeface anatomy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Typeface_anatomy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Serifs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Serifs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Serifs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Serifs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Proportion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Proportion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Proportion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Proportion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Font_metrics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Font_metrics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Font metrics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Font_metrics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Optical_sizing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Optical_sizing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Optical sizing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Optical_sizing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Typesetting_numbers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Typesetting_numbers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Typesetting numbers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Typesetting_numbers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Tabular_figures" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tabular_figures"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5.1</span> <span>Tabular figures</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tabular_figures-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Style_of_typefaces" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Style_of_typefaces"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Style of typefaces</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Style_of_typefaces-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Style of typefaces subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Style_of_typefaces-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Roman_typefaces" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Roman_typefaces"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Roman typefaces</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Roman_typefaces-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Serif_typefaces" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Serif_typefaces"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.1</span> <span>Serif typefaces</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Serif_typefaces-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sans-serif_typefaces" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sans-serif_typefaces"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.2</span> <span>Sans-serif typefaces</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sans-serif_typefaces-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Blackletter_typefaces" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Blackletter_typefaces"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Blackletter typefaces</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Blackletter_typefaces-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gaelic_typefaces" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gaelic_typefaces"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Gaelic typefaces</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gaelic_typefaces-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Monospaced_typefaces" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Monospaced_typefaces"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Monospaced typefaces</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Monospaced_typefaces-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-CJK_typefaces" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#CJK_typefaces"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>CJK typefaces</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-CJK_typefaces-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Mincho" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mincho"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5.1</span> <span>Mincho</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mincho-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gothic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gothic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5.2</span> <span>Gothic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gothic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Maru" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Maru"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5.3</span> <span>Maru</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Maru-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Display_type" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Display_type"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Display type</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Display_type-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Display type subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Display_type-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Script_typefaces" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Script_typefaces"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Script typefaces</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Script_typefaces-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mimicry_typefaces" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mimicry_typefaces"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Mimicry typefaces</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mimicry_typefaces-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reverse-contrast_typefaces" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reverse-contrast_typefaces"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Reverse-contrast typefaces</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reverse-contrast_typefaces-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Effect_typefaces" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Effect_typefaces"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Effect typefaces</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Effect_typefaces-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Small_print_typefaces" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Small_print_typefaces"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.5</span> <span>Small print typefaces</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Small_print_typefaces-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Typeface_family" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Typeface_family"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Typeface family</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Typeface_family-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Texts_used_to_demonstrate_typefaces" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Texts_used_to_demonstrate_typefaces"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Texts used to demonstrate typefaces</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Texts_used_to_demonstrate_typefaces-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Non-character_typefaces" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Non-character_typefaces"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Non-character typefaces</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Non-character_typefaces-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Non-character typefaces subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Non-character_typefaces-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ornamental_typefaces" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ornamental_typefaces"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Ornamental typefaces</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ornamental_typefaces-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Symbol_typefaces" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Symbol_typefaces"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Symbol typefaces</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Symbol_typefaces-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Emoji" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Emoji"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.3</span> <span>Emoji</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Emoji-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Music_typefaces" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music_typefaces"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.4</span> <span>Music typefaces</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Music_typefaces-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Intellectual_property" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Intellectual_property"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Intellectual property</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Intellectual_property-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Explanatory_notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Explanatory_notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Explanatory notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Explanatory_notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Typeface</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 43 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-43" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">43 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B9_%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%81%D9%8A" title="طابع محرفي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="طابع محرفي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaz%C4%B1_d%C9%99sti" title="Yazı dəsti – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Yazı dəsti" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%9B%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%81%E0%A6%A6" title="মুদ্রাক্ষর-ছাঁদ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মুদ্রাক্ষর-ছাঁদ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%AB-h%C3%AAng" title="Jī-hêng – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Jī-hêng" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lletra_tipogr%C3%A0fica" title="Lletra tipogràfica – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Lletra tipogràfica" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodina_p%C3%ADsma" title="Rodina písma – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Rodina písma" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teip_(teipograffeg)" title="Teip (teipograffeg) – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Teip (teipograffeg)" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schriftart" title="Schriftart – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Schriftart" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirjastiil" title="Kirjastiil – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kirjastiil" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%83%CE%B5%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%AC" title="Γραμματοσειρά – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γραμματοσειρά" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clasificaci%C3%B3n_tipogr%C3%A1fica" title="Clasificación tipográfica – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Clasificación tipográfica" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tipara_familio" title="Tipara familio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Tipara familio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%BE%E2%80%8C%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%B3" title="تایپ‌فیس – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تایپ‌فیس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Police_de_caract%C3%A8res" title="Police de caractères – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Police de caractères" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B8%80%EA%BC%B4" title="글꼴 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="글꼴" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8F%D5%A1%D5%BC%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%A5%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B7%D5%A1%D6%80" title="Տառատեսակաշար – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Տառատեսակաշար" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tipografsko_pismo" title="Tipografsko pismo – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Tipografsko pismo" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rupa_huruf" title="Rupa huruf – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Rupa huruf" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leturger%C3%B0" title="Leturgerð – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Leturgerð" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%9F" title="גופן – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="גופן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%8B_%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BB%D2%93%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D2%AF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%96%D1%80%D1%83" title="Символдарды жолға пропорционал үлестіру – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Символдарды жолға пропорционал үлестіру" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typus_(typographia)" title="Typus (typographia) – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Typus (typographia)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burtveidols" title="Burtveidols – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Burtveidols" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schr%C3%ABftaart" title="Schrëftaart – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Schrëftaart" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%95-%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%95" title="संगणक-टंक – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="संगणक-टंक" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muka_taip" title="Muka taip – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Muka taip" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9B%B8%E4%BD%93" title="書体 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="書体" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skrifttype" title="Skrifttype – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Skrifttype" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kr%C3%B3j_pisma" title="Krój pisma – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Krój pisma" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fam%C3%ADlia_tipogr%C3%A1fica" title="Família tipográfica – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Família tipográfica" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0_(%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Гарнитура (типографика) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Гарнитура (типографика)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typeface" title="Typeface – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Typeface" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodina_p%C3%ADsma_(typografia)" title="Rodina písma (typografia) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Rodina písma (typografia)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slogovni_fontovi" title="Slogovni fontovi – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Slogovni fontovi" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirjaintyyppi" title="Kirjaintyyppi – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kirjaintyyppi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typsnitt" title="Typsnitt – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Typsnitt" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%9B%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%8B" title="ไทป์เฟซ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ไทป์เฟซ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaz%C4%B1_y%C3%BCz%C3%BC" title="Yazı yüzü – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Yazı yüzü" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Гарнітура – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Гарнітура" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%B9%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%BE_%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%B3" title="ٹائپ فیس – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ٹائپ فیس" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ki%E1%BB%83u_ch%E1%BB%AF" title="Kiểu chữ – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Kiểu chữ" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AD%97%E6%AC%BE" title="字款 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="字款" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AD%97%E4%BD%93" title="字体 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="字体" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q17451#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Typeface" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Typeface" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Typeface"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Typeface&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Typeface&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Typeface"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Typeface&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Typeface&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Typeface" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Typeface" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Typeface&oldid=1258093189" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Typeface&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Typeface&id=1258093189&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FTypeface"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FTypeface"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Typeface&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Typeface&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Typefaces" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q17451" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Set of characters that share common design features</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span>"Font family" redirects here. For the CSS property, see <a href="/wiki/Font_family_(HTML)" title="Font family (HTML)">Font family (HTML)</a>.</span> <span>For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Typeface_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Typeface (disambiguation)">Typeface (disambiguation)</a>.</span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A_Specimen_by_William_Caslon.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/A_Specimen_by_William_Caslon.jpg/300px-A_Specimen_by_William_Caslon.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="394" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/A_Specimen_by_William_Caslon.jpg/450px-A_Specimen_by_William_Caslon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/A_Specimen_by_William_Caslon.jpg/600px-A_Specimen_by_William_Caslon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2898" data-file-height="3807" /></a><figcaption><i>A Specimen</i>, a broadsheet with examples of typefaces and fonts available. Printed by <a href="/wiki/William_Caslon" title="William Caslon">William Caslon</a>, letter founder; from the 1728 <i><a href="/wiki/Cyclop%C3%A6dia,_or_an_Universal_Dictionary_of_Arts_and_Sciences" title="Cyclopædia, or an Universal Dictionary of Arts and Sciences">Cyclopædia</a></i>.</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>typeface</b> (or <b>font family</b>) is a design of <a href="/wiki/Letter_(alphabet)" title="Letter (alphabet)">letters</a>, <a href="/wiki/Numerical_digit" title="Numerical digit">numbers</a> and other <a href="/wiki/Symbol" title="Symbol">symbols</a>, to be used in printing or for electronic display.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most typefaces include variations in size (e.g., 24 point), weight (e.g., light, bold), slope (e.g., italic), width (e.g., condensed), and so on. Each of these variations of the typeface is a <a href="/wiki/Font" title="Font">font</a>. </p><p>There are <a href="/wiki/List_of_typefaces" title="List of typefaces">thousands of different typefaces</a> in existence, with new ones being developed constantly. </p><p>The art and craft of designing typefaces is called <a href="/wiki/Type_design" title="Type design">type design</a>. Designers of typefaces are called <a href="/wiki/Type_designer" class="mw-redirect" title="Type designer">type designers</a> and are often employed by <a href="/wiki/Type_foundry" title="Type foundry">type foundries</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Desktop_publishing" title="Desktop publishing">desktop publishing</a>, type designers are sometimes also called "font developers" or "font designers" (a <a href="/wiki/Typographer" class="mw-redirect" title="Typographer">typographer</a> is someone who <i>uses</i> typefaces to design a page layout). </p><p>Every typeface is a collection of <a href="/wiki/Glyph" title="Glyph">glyphs</a>, each of which represents an individual letter, number, punctuation mark, or other symbol. The same glyph may be used for <a href="/wiki/Character_(symbol)" title="Character (symbol)">characters</a> from different <a href="/wiki/Writing_systems" class="mw-redirect" title="Writing systems">writing systems</a>, e.g. Roman uppercase <a href="/wiki/A" title="A">A</a> looks the same as <a href="/wiki/Cyrillic" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyrillic">Cyrillic</a> uppercase <a href="/wiki/%D0%90" class="mw-redirect" title="А">А</a> and Greek uppercase <a href="/wiki/Alpha" title="Alpha">alpha</a> (Α). There are typefaces tailored for special applications, such as <a href="/wiki/Cartography" title="Cartography">cartography</a>, <a href="/wiki/Astrology" title="Astrology">astrology</a> or <a href="/wiki/Mathematics" title="Mathematics">mathematics</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Terminology">Terminology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Typeface&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Terminology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Metal_type.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Metal_type.svg/200px-Metal_type.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="230" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Metal_type.svg/300px-Metal_type.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Metal_type.svg/400px-Metal_type.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="212" data-file-height="244" /></a><figcaption><b>Diagram of a cast metal sort</b>. <b>a</b> face, <b>b</b> body or shank, <b>c</b> point size, <b>1</b> shoulder, <b>2</b> nick, <b>3</b> groove, <b>4</b> foot.</figcaption></figure> <p>In professional <a href="/wiki/Typography" title="Typography">typography</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the term <i>typeface</i> is not interchangeable with the word <i><a href="/wiki/Font" title="Font">font</a></i> (originally "fount" in British English, and pronounced "font"), because the term font has historically been defined as a given alphabet and its associated characters in a single size. For example, 8-point Caslon Italic was one font, and 10-point Caslon Italic was another. Historically, a font came from a <a href="/wiki/Type_foundry" title="Type foundry">type foundry</a> as a set of "<a href="/wiki/Sort_(typesetting)" title="Sort (typesetting)">sorts</a>", with number of copies of each character included. </p><p>As the range of typeface designs increased and requirements of publishers broadened over the centuries, fonts of specific <a href="/wiki/Font_weight" class="mw-redirect" title="Font weight">weight</a> (blackness or lightness) and <a href="/wiki/Font_style" class="mw-redirect" title="Font style">stylistic variants</a> (most commonly <i>regular</i> or <i><a href="/wiki/Roman_type" title="Roman type">roman</a></i> as distinct from <i><a href="/wiki/Italic_type" title="Italic type">italic</a></i>, as well as <i>condensed</i>) have led to <i>font families</i>, collections of closely related typeface designs that can include hundreds of styles. A <b>typeface family</b> is typically a group of related typefaces which vary only in weight, orientation, <a href="/wiki/Font_width" class="mw-redirect" title="Font width">width</a>, etc., but not design. For example, <a href="/wiki/Times_New_Roman" title="Times New Roman">Times</a> is a typeface family, whereas Times Roman, Times Italic and Times Bold are individual typefaces making up the Times family. Typeface families typically include several typefaces, though some, such as <a href="/wiki/Helvetica" title="Helvetica">Helvetica</a>, may consist of dozens of fonts. In traditional typography, a <b>font family</b> is a set of fonts within the same typeface: for example Times Roman 8, Times Roman 10, Times Roman 12 etc. In web typography (using <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">span style="font-family:</code>), a 'font family' equates to a 'typeface family' or even to a very broad category such as <a href="/wiki/Sans-serif" title="Sans-serif">sans-serif</a> that encompass many typeface families. </p><p>Another way to look at the distinction between font and typeface is that a font is the vessel (e.g. the software) that allows you to use a set of characters with a given appearance, whereas a typeface is the actual design of such characters.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Therefore, a given typeface, such as Times, may be rendered by different fonts, such as <a href="/wiki/Computer_font" title="Computer font">computer font</a> files created by this or that vendor, a set of metal type characters etc. In the <a href="/wiki/Type_metal" title="Type metal">metal type</a> era, a font also meant a specific point size, but with digital scalable outline fonts this distinction is no longer valid, as a single font may be scaled to any size. </p><p>The first "extended" font families, which included a wide range of widths and weights in the same general style emerged in the early 1900s, starting with <a href="/wiki/American_Type_Founders" title="American Type Founders">ATF</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Cheltenham_(typeface)" title="Cheltenham (typeface)">Cheltenham</a> (1902–1913), with an initial design by Bertram Grosvenor Goodhue, and many additional faces designed by <a href="/wiki/Morris_Fuller_Benton" title="Morris Fuller Benton">Morris Fuller Benton</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later examples include <a href="/wiki/Futura_(typeface)" title="Futura (typeface)">Futura</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lucida" title="Lucida">Lucida</a>, <a href="/wiki/ITC_Officina" title="ITC Officina">ITC Officina</a>. Some became superfamilies as a result of revival, such as <a href="/wiki/Syntax_(typeface)" title="Syntax (typeface)">Linotype Syntax</a>, <a href="/wiki/Univers" title="Univers">Linotype Univers</a>; while others have alternate styling designed as compatible replacements of each other, such as <a href="/wiki/Compatil" title="Compatil">Compatil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Generis_(typeface)" title="Generis (typeface)">Generis</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PT_superfamily.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/PT_superfamily.png/220px-PT_superfamily.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/PT_superfamily.png/330px-PT_superfamily.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/PT_superfamily.png/440px-PT_superfamily.png 2x" data-file-width="4881" data-file-height="2285" /></a><figcaption>PT Serif (above) and PT Sans (below) from the <a href="/wiki/PT_Fonts" title="PT Fonts">PT font superfamily</a>, showing the similarities in letter structure.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Font_superfamily" title="Font superfamily">Font <i>superfamilies</i></a> began to emerge when foundries began to include typefaces with significant structural differences, but some design relationship, under the same general family name. Arguably the first superfamily was created when Morris Fuller Benton created Clearface Gothic for ATF in 1910, a sans serif companion to the existing (serifed) Clearface. The superfamily label does not include quite different designs given the same family name for what would seem to be purely marketing, rather than design, considerations: <a href="/wiki/Caslon_Antique" title="Caslon Antique">Caslon Antique</a>, <a href="/wiki/Futura_(typeface)" title="Futura (typeface)">Futura</a> Black and Futura Display are structurally unrelated to the Caslon and Futura families, respectively, and are generally not considered part of those families by typographers, despite their names. </p><p>Additional or supplemental <a href="/wiki/Glyph" title="Glyph">glyphs</a> intended to match a main typeface have been in use for centuries. In some formats they have been marketed as separate fonts. In the early 1990s, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Adobe_Type&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adobe Type (page does not exist)">Adobe Systems type group</a> introduced the idea of <i>expert set</i> fonts, which had a standardized set of additional glyphs, including <a href="/wiki/Small_caps" title="Small caps">small caps</a>, <a href="/wiki/Old_style_figures" class="mw-redirect" title="Old style figures">old style figures</a>, and additional superior letters, <a href="/wiki/Fraction_(mathematics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fraction (mathematics)">fractions</a> and <a href="/wiki/Typographical_ligature" class="mw-redirect" title="Typographical ligature">ligatures</a> not found in the main fonts for the typeface. Supplemental fonts have also included alternate letters such as <a href="/wiki/Swash_(typography)" title="Swash (typography)">swashes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dingbat" title="Dingbat">dingbats</a>, and alternate character sets, complementing the regular fonts under the same family.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, with introduction of font formats such as <a href="/wiki/OpenType" title="OpenType">OpenType</a>, those supplemental glyphs were merged into the main fonts, relying on specific software capabilities to access the alternate glyphs. </p><p>Since Apple's and Microsoft's operating systems supported different character sets in the platform related fonts, some foundries used expert fonts in a different way. These fonts included the characters which were missing on either Macintosh or Windows computers, e.g. fractions, ligatures or some accented glyphs. The goal was to deliver the whole character set to the customer regardless of which operating system was used. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sizing">Sizing</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Typeface&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Sizing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The size of typefaces and <a href="/wiki/Font" title="Font">fonts</a> is traditionally measured in <a href="/wiki/Point_(typography)" title="Point (typography)">points</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>point</i> has been defined differently at different times, but now the most popular is the Desktop Publishing point of <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">72</span></span> in (0.0139 in or 0.35 mm). When specified in typographic sizes (points, kyus), the height of an <i>em-square</i>, an invisible box which is typically a bit larger than the distance from the tallest <a href="/wiki/Ascender_(typography)" title="Ascender (typography)">ascender</a> to the lowest <a href="/wiki/Descender" title="Descender">descender</a>, is scaled to equal the specified size.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example, when setting <a href="/wiki/Helvetica" title="Helvetica">Helvetica</a> at 12 point, the em square defined in the Helvetica font is scaled to 12 points or <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">6</span></span> in or 4.2 mm. Yet no particular element of 12-point Helvetica need measure exactly 12 points. </p><p>Frequently measurement in non-typographic units (feet, inches, meters) will be of the <i>cap-height</i>, the height of the capital letters. Font size is also commonly measured in millimeters (mm) and <i>q</i>s (a quarter of a millimeter, <i>kyu</i> in romanized Japanese) and inches. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Typeface&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Western_typography" title="History of Western typography">History of Western typography</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Friedlaender.webmsd.webm/220px--Friedlaender.webmsd.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="165" data-durationhint="82" data-mwtitle="Friedlaender.webmsd.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Friedlaender.webmsd.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6d/Friedlaender.webmsd.webm/Friedlaender.webmsd.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6d/Friedlaender.webmsd.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-width="767" data-height="576" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6d/Friedlaender.webmsd.webm/Friedlaender.webmsd.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="192" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6d/Friedlaender.webmsd.webm/Friedlaender.webmsd.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="320" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6d/Friedlaender.webmsd.webm/Friedlaender.webmsd.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="480" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6d/Friedlaender.webmsd.webm/Friedlaender.webmsd.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="480" data-height="360" /></video></span><figcaption>Israeli typographer <a href="/wiki/Henri_Friedlaender" title="Henri Friedlaender">Henri Friedlaender</a> examines <i>Hadassah Hebrew</i> typeface sketches. The sequence was shot in his study in <a href="/wiki/Motza_Illit" title="Motza Illit">Motza Illit</a> (near Jerusalem) in 1978.</figcaption></figure> <p>Type foundries have cast fonts in <a href="/wiki/Lead" title="Lead">lead</a> alloys from the 1450s until the present, although wood served as the material for some large fonts called wood type during the 19th century, particularly in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>. In the 1890s, the mechanization of typesetting allowed automated casting of fonts on the fly as lines of type in the size and length needed. This was known as continuous casting, and remained profitable and widespread until its demise in the 1970s. The first machine of this type was the <a href="/wiki/Linotype_machine" title="Linotype machine">Linotype machine</a>, invented by <a href="/wiki/Ottmar_Mergenthaler" title="Ottmar Mergenthaler">Ottmar Mergenthaler</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During a brief transitional period (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1950s</span>–1990s), photographic technology, known as <i><a href="/wiki/Phototypesetting" title="Phototypesetting">phototypesetting</a></i>, utilized tiny high-resolution images of individual glyphs on a film strip (in the form of a film negative, with the letters as clear areas on an opaque black background). A high-intensity light source behind the film strip projected the image of each glyph through an optical system, which focused the desired letter onto the light-sensitive phototypesetting paper at a specific size and position. This photographic typesetting process permitted optical <a href="/wiki/Scaling_(geometry)" title="Scaling (geometry)">scaling</a>, allowing designers to produce multiple sizes from a single font, although physical constraints on the reproduction system used still required design changes at different sizes; for example, <a href="/wiki/Ink_trap" title="Ink trap">ink traps</a> and spikes to allow for spread of <a href="/wiki/Ink" title="Ink">ink</a> encountered in the printing stage. Manually operated photocomposition systems using fonts on filmstrips allowed fine <a href="/wiki/Kerning" title="Kerning">kerning</a> between letters without the physical effort of manual typesetting, and spawned an enlarged type design industry in the 1960s and 1970s.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>By the mid-1970s, all of the major typeface technologies and all their fonts were in use: letterpress; continuous casting machines; phototypositors; computer-controlled phototypesetters; and the earliest digital typesetters – bulky machines with primitive processors and CRT outputs. From the mid-1980s, as digital typography has grown, users have almost universally adopted the American spelling <i>font</i>, which has come to primarily refer to a <a href="/wiki/Computer_file" title="Computer file">computer file</a> containing scalable outline letterforms (<i>digital font</i>), in one of several common formats. Some typefaces, such as <a href="/wiki/Verdana" title="Verdana">Verdana</a>, are designed primarily for use on <a href="/wiki/Computer_screen" class="mw-redirect" title="Computer screen">computer screens</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Digital_type">Digital type</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Typeface&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Digital type"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Computer_font" title="Computer font">Computer font</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Comparison_of_printed_and_digital_versions_of_Perpetua.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Comparison_of_printed_and_digital_versions_of_Perpetua.png/220px-Comparison_of_printed_and_digital_versions_of_Perpetua.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Comparison_of_printed_and_digital_versions_of_Perpetua.png/330px-Comparison_of_printed_and_digital_versions_of_Perpetua.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Comparison_of_printed_and_digital_versions_of_Perpetua.png/440px-Comparison_of_printed_and_digital_versions_of_Perpetua.png 2x" data-file-width="7272" data-file-height="1848" /></a><figcaption>Comparison between printed (top) and digital (bottom) versions of <a href="/wiki/Perpetua_(typeface)" title="Perpetua (typeface)">Perpetua</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Digital type became the dominant form of type in the late 1980s and early 1990s. Digital fonts store the image of each character either as a <a href="/wiki/Bitmap" title="Bitmap">bitmap</a> in a <i><a href="/wiki/Bitmap_font" class="mw-redirect" title="Bitmap font">bitmap font</a></i>, or by mathematical description of lines and curves in an <i>outline font</i>, also called a <i><a href="/wiki/Vector_font" class="mw-redirect" title="Vector font">vector font</a></i>. Bitmap fonts were more commonly used in the earlier stages of digital type, and are rarely used today. These bitmapped typefaces were first produced by <a href="/wiki/Casady_%26_Greene" title="Casady & Greene">Casady & Greene, Inc.</a> and were also known as Fluent Fonts. Fluent Fonts became mostly obsolete with the creation of downloadable PostScript fonts, and these new fonts are called Fluent Laser Fonts (FLF). </p><p>When an outline font is used, a <a href="/wiki/Raster_graphics" title="Raster graphics">rasterizing routine</a> (in the application software, operating system or printer) renders the character outlines, interpreting the vector instructions to decide which pixels should be black and which ones white. Rasterization is straightforward at high resolutions such as those used by <a href="/wiki/Laser_printer" class="mw-redirect" title="Laser printer">laser printers</a> and in high-end publishing systems. For <a href="/wiki/Computer_display" class="mw-redirect" title="Computer display">computer screens</a>, where each individual pixel can mean the difference between legible and illegible characters, some digital fonts use <a href="/wiki/Font_hinting" title="Font hinting">hinting algorithms</a> to make readable bitmaps at small sizes. </p><p>Digital fonts may also contain data representing the <i>metrics</i> used for composition, including <a href="/wiki/Kerning" title="Kerning">kerning</a> pairs, component creation data for accented characters, glyph substitution rules for Arabic typography and for connecting script faces, and for simple everyday <a href="/wiki/Ligature_(typography)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ligature (typography)">ligatures</a> like "ﬂ". Common font formats include <a href="/wiki/TrueType" title="TrueType">TrueType</a>, <a href="/wiki/OpenType" title="OpenType">OpenType</a> and <a href="/wiki/PostScript" title="PostScript">PostScript</a> <a href="/wiki/Type_1_font" class="mw-redirect" title="Type 1 font">Type 1</a>, while <a href="/wiki/Metafont" title="Metafont">Metafont</a> is still used by <a href="/wiki/TeX" title="TeX">TeX</a> and its variants. Applications using these font formats, including the rasterizers, appear in Microsoft and Apple Computer <a href="/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system">operating systems</a>, <a href="/wiki/Adobe_Systems" class="mw-redirect" title="Adobe Systems">Adobe Systems</a> products and those of several other companies. Digital fonts are created with font editors such as <a href="/wiki/FontForge" title="FontForge">FontForge</a>, RoboFont, Glyphs, <a href="/wiki/Fontlab" class="mw-redirect" title="Fontlab">Fontlab</a>'s TypeTool, FontLab Studio, Fontographer, or AsiaFont Studio. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Typeface_anatomy">Typeface anatomy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Typeface&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Typeface anatomy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Typeface_anatomy" title="Typeface anatomy">Typeface anatomy</a></div> <p>Typographers have developed a comprehensive vocabulary for describing the many aspects of typefaces and typography. Some vocabulary applies only to a subset of all <a href="/wiki/Writing_system" title="Writing system">scripts</a>. <i>Serifs</i>, for example, are a purely decorative characteristic of typefaces used for European scripts, whereas the glyphs used in Arabic or East Asian scripts have characteristics (such as stroke width) that may be similar in some respects but cannot reasonably be called serifs and may not be purely decorative. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Serifs">Serifs</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Typeface&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Serifs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table style="float:right; margin:15px 0px 15px 15px;"> <tbody><tr> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Serif_and_sans-serif_01.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Serif_and_sans-serif_01.svg/212px-Serif_and_sans-serif_01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="212" height="43" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Serif_and_sans-serif_01.svg/318px-Serif_and_sans-serif_01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Serif_and_sans-serif_01.svg/424px-Serif_and_sans-serif_01.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="212" data-file-height="43" /></a></span> </td> <td>Sans serif font </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Serif_and_sans-serif_02.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Serif_and_sans-serif_02.svg/209px-Serif_and_sans-serif_02.svg.png" decoding="async" width="209" height="53" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Serif_and_sans-serif_02.svg/314px-Serif_and_sans-serif_02.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Serif_and_sans-serif_02.svg/418px-Serif_and_sans-serif_02.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="209" data-file-height="53" /></a></span> </td> <td>Serif font </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Serif_and_sans-serif_03.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Serif_and_sans-serif_03.svg/209px-Serif_and_sans-serif_03.svg.png" decoding="async" width="209" height="53" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Serif_and_sans-serif_03.svg/314px-Serif_and_sans-serif_03.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Serif_and_sans-serif_03.svg/418px-Serif_and_sans-serif_03.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="209" data-file-height="53" /></a></span> </td> <td>Serif font with serifs<br />highlighted in red </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Typefaces can be divided into two main categories: <b><a href="/wiki/Serif" title="Serif">serif</a></b> and <b><a href="/wiki/Sans_serif" class="mw-redirect" title="Sans serif">sans serif</a></b>. <a href="/wiki/Serif" title="Serif">Serifs</a> comprise the small features at the end of strokes within letters. The printing industry refers to typeface without serifs as <b>sans serif</b> (from French <i>sans</i>, meaning <i>without</i>), or as <i>grotesque</i> (or, in <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>, <i>grotesk</i>). </p><p>Great variety exists among both serif and sans serif typefaces. Both groups contain faces designed for setting large amounts of body text, and others intended primarily as decorative. The presence or absence of serifs represents only one of many factors to consider when choosing a typeface. </p><p>Typefaces with serifs are often considered easier to read in long passages than those without. Studies on the matter are ambiguous, suggesting that most of this effect is due to the greater familiarity of serif typefaces. As a general rule, printed works such as newspapers and books almost always use serif typefaces, at least for the text body. Websites do not have to specify a font and can simply respect the browser settings of the user. But of those web sites that do specify a font, most use modern sans serif fonts, because it is commonly believed that, in contrast to the case for printed material, sans serif fonts are easier than serif fonts to read on the low-resolution computer screen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Proportion">Proportion<span class="anchor" id="Proportional_font"></span><span class="anchor" id="proportional_font"></span><span class="anchor" id="Proportional_fonts"></span><span class="anchor" id="proportional_fonts"></span><span class="anchor" id="tabular_numeral"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Typeface&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Proportion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Proportional-vs-monospace-v5.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Proportional-vs-monospace-v5.svg/300px-Proportional-vs-monospace-v5.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Proportional-vs-monospace-v5.svg/450px-Proportional-vs-monospace-v5.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Proportional-vs-monospace-v5.svg/600px-Proportional-vs-monospace-v5.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="296" /></a><figcaption>Proportional v monospace</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>proportional</b> typeface, also called <b>variable-width</b> typeface, contains glyphs of varying widths, while a <b><a href="#Monospaced_typefaces">monospaced</a></b> (<b>non-proportional</b> or <b>fixed-width</b>) typeface uses a single standard width for all glyphs in the font. <b><a href="/wiki/Duospaced_font" title="Duospaced font">Duospaced fonts</a></b> are similar to monospaced fonts, but characters can also be two character widths instead of a single character width. </p><p>Many people generally find proportional typefaces nicer-looking and easier to read, and thus they appear more commonly in professionally published printed material.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> For the same reason, <a href="/wiki/GUI" class="mw-redirect" title="GUI">GUI</a> computer applications (such as <a href="/wiki/Word_processor" title="Word processor">word processors</a> and <a href="/wiki/Web_browser" title="Web browser">web browsers</a>) typically use proportional fonts. However, many proportional fonts contain fixed-width (<b>tabular</b>) numerals so that columns of numbers stay aligned.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Monospaced typefaces function better for some purposes because their glyphs line up in neat, regular columns. No glyph is given any more weight than another. Most manually operated <a href="/wiki/Typewriter" title="Typewriter">typewriters</a> use monospaced fonts. So do <a href="/wiki/Text_mode" title="Text mode">text-only computer displays</a> and third- and fourth-generation game console graphics processors, which treat the screen as a uniform grid of character cells. Most computer programs which have a text-based interface (<a href="/wiki/Terminal_emulator" title="Terminal emulator">terminal emulators</a>, for example) use only monospaced fonts (or add additional spacing to proportional fonts to fit them in monospaced cells) in their configuration. Monospaced fonts are commonly used by <a href="/wiki/Computer_programmer" class="mw-redirect" title="Computer programmer">computer programmers</a> for displaying and editing <a href="/wiki/Source_code" title="Source code">source code</a> so that certain characters (for example <a href="/wiki/Parentheses" class="mw-redirect" title="Parentheses">parentheses</a> used to group arithmetic expressions) are easy to see.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS"><span title="not a wp:RS, user generated content (February 2022)">better source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/ASCII_art" title="ASCII art">ASCII art</a> usually requires a monospaced font for proper viewing, with the exception of <a href="/wiki/Shift_JIS_art" title="Shift JIS art">Shift JIS art</a> which takes advantage of the proportional characters in the <a href="/wiki/MS_Mincho" class="mw-redirect" title="MS Mincho">MS PGothic</a> font. In a <a href="/wiki/Web_page" title="Web page">web page</a>, the <code><tt> </tt></code>, <code><code> </code></code> or <code><pre> </pre></code> <a href="/wiki/HTML" title="HTML">HTML</a> tags most commonly specify monospaced fonts. In <a href="/wiki/LaTeX" title="LaTeX">LaTeX</a>, the <i>verbatim</i> environment or the <a href="/wiki/Teletype_Corporation" title="Teletype Corporation">Teletype</a> font family (e.g., <code>\texttt{...}</code> or <code>{\ttfamily ...}</code>) uses monospaced fonts (in <a href="/wiki/TeX" title="TeX">TeX</a>, use <code>{\tt ...}</code>). </p><p>Any two lines of text with the same number of characters in each line in a monospaced typeface should display as equal in width, while the same two lines in a proportional typeface may have radically different widths. This occurs because in a proportional font, glyph widths vary, such that wider glyphs (typically those for characters such as W, Q, Z, M, D, O, H, and U) use more space, and narrower glyphs (such as those for the characters i, t, l, and 1) use less space than the average. </p><p>In the publishing industry, it was once the case that editors read <a href="/wiki/Manuscript" title="Manuscript">manuscripts</a> in monospaced fonts (typically <a href="/wiki/Courier_(typeface)" title="Courier (typeface)">Courier</a>) for ease of editing and word count estimates, and it was considered discourteous to submit a manuscript in a proportional font.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> This has become less universal in recent years, such that authors need to check with editors as to their preference, though monospaced fonts are still the norm. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Font_metrics"><span class="anchor" id="metrics"></span>Font metrics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Typeface&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Font metrics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Typography_Line_Terms.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Typography_Line_Terms.svg/410px-Typography_Line_Terms.svg.png" decoding="async" width="410" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Typography_Line_Terms.svg/615px-Typography_Line_Terms.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Typography_Line_Terms.svg/820px-Typography_Line_Terms.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="361" data-file-height="97" /></a><figcaption>The word <i>Sphinx</i>, set in <a href="/wiki/Garamond" title="Garamond">Adobe Garamond Pro</a> to illustrate the concepts of <a href="/wiki/Baseline_(typography)" title="Baseline (typography)">baseline</a>, <a href="/wiki/X-height" title="X-height">x-height</a>, body size, descent and ascent.</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Font#Metrics" title="Font">Font § Metrics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Typographic_unit" title="Typographic unit">Typographic unit</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Metric_typographic_units" title="Metric typographic units">Metric typographic units</a></div> <p>Most <a href="/wiki/Script_(styles_of_handwriting)" class="mw-redirect" title="Script (styles of handwriting)">scripts</a> share the notion of a <a href="/wiki/Baseline_(typography)" title="Baseline (typography)">baseline</a>: an imaginary horizontal line on which characters rest. In some scripts, parts of glyphs lie below the baseline. The <i>descent</i> spans the distance between the baseline and the lowest descending glyph in a typeface, and the part of a glyph that descends below the baseline has the name <i><a href="/wiki/Descender" title="Descender">descender</a></i>. Conversely, the <i>ascent</i> spans the distance between the baseline and the top of the glyph that reaches farthest from the baseline. The ascent and descent may or may not include distance added by accents or diacritical marks. </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Latin_script" title="Latin script">Latin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greek_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek script">Greek</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_script" title="Cyrillic script">Cyrillic</a> (sometimes collectively referred to as LGC) scripts, one can refer to the distance from the baseline to the top of regular lowercase glyphs (<a href="/wiki/Mean_line" title="Mean line">mean line</a>) as the <i><a href="/wiki/X-height" title="X-height">x-height</a></i>, and the part of a glyph rising above the x-height as the <i><a href="/wiki/Ascender_(typography)" title="Ascender (typography)">ascender</a></i>. The distance from the baseline to the top of the ascent or a regular uppercase glyphs (cap line) is also known as the cap height.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The height of the ascender can have a dramatic effect on the readability and appearance of a font. The ratio between the x-height and the ascent or cap height often serves to characterize typefaces. </p><p>Typefaces that can be substituted for one another in a document without changing the document's text flow are said to be "metrically identical" (or "metrically compatible").<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Several typefaces have been created to be metrically compatible with widely used proprietary typefaces to allow the editing of documents set in such typefaces in digital typesetting environments where these typefaces are not available. For instance, the free and open-source <a href="/wiki/Liberation_fonts" title="Liberation fonts">Liberation fonts</a> and <a href="/wiki/Croscore_fonts" title="Croscore fonts">Croscore fonts</a> have been designed as metrically compatible substitutes for widely used <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a> fonts.<sup id="cite_ref-fc-30-metric-aliases_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fc-30-metric-aliases-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Optical_sizing">Optical sizing</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Typeface&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Optical sizing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Font#Optical_size" title="Font">Font § Optical size</a></div> <p>During the metal type era, all type was cut in metal and could only be printed at a specific size. It was a natural process to vary a design at different sizes, making it chunkier and clearer to read at smaller sizes.<sup id="cite_ref-How_To_Choose_The_Right_Face_For_A_Beautiful_Body_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-How_To_Choose_The_Right_Face_For_A_Beautiful_Body-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MicroPlus_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MicroPlus-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many digital typefaces are offered with a range of fonts (or a variable font axis) for different sizes, especially designs sold for professional design use. The art of designing fonts for a specific size is known as <a href="/wiki/Font#Optical_size" title="Font">optical sizing</a>. Others will be offered in only one style, but optimised for a specific size. Optical sizes are particularly common for serif fonts, since the fine detail of serif fonts can need to be bulked up for smaller sizes.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Typefaces may also be designed differently considering the type of paper on which they will be printed. Designs to be printed on absorbent <a href="/wiki/Newsprint" title="Newsprint">newsprint</a> paper will be more slender as the ink will naturally spread out as it absorbs into the paper, and may feature <a href="/wiki/Ink_trap" title="Ink trap">ink traps</a>: areas left blank into which the ink will soak as it dries. These corrections will not be needed for printing on high-gloss cardboard or display on-screen. Fonts designed for low-resolution displays, meanwhile, may avoid pure circles, fine lines and details a screen cannot render.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Typesetting_numbers">Typesetting numbers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Typeface&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Typesetting numbers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mediaevalziffern.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Mediaevalziffern.svg/220px-Mediaevalziffern.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Mediaevalziffern.svg/330px-Mediaevalziffern.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Mediaevalziffern.svg/440px-Mediaevalziffern.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="853" data-file-height="374" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Hoefler_Text" title="Hoefler Text">Hoefler Text</a> uses non-lining or lower-case figures.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Proportional_%26_tabular_figures.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Proportional_%26_tabular_figures.png/220px-Proportional_%26_tabular_figures.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Proportional_%26_tabular_figures.png/330px-Proportional_%26_tabular_figures.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Proportional_%26_tabular_figures.png/440px-Proportional_%26_tabular_figures.png 2x" data-file-width="5582" data-file-height="2455" /></a><figcaption>Proportional (left-side) and tabular (right-side) numeric digits, drawn as lining figures.</figcaption></figure> <p>Most typefaces, especially modern designs, include a complementary set of numeric digits.<sup id="cite_ref-HFJ_Numbers_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HFJ_Numbers-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Numbers can be typeset in two main independent sets of ways: <i>lining</i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Non-lining_figures" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-lining figures">non-lining figures</a></i>, and <i>proportional</i> and <i>tabular</i> styles.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Most modern typefaces set numeric digits by default as lining figures, which are the height of upper-case letters. <a href="/wiki/Non-lining_figures" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-lining figures">Non-lining figures</a>, styled to match lower-case letters, are often common in fonts intended for body text, as they are thought to be less disruptive to the style of running text. They are also called <i>lower-case numbers</i> or <i>text figures</i> for the same reason. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Tabular_figures">Tabular figures</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Typeface&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Tabular figures"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Tabular_figures" class="mw-redirect" title="Tabular figures">Tabular figures</a></div> <p>The horizontal spacing of digits can also be <i>proportional</i>, with a character width tightly matching the width of the figure itself, or <i>tabular</i>, where all digits have the same width. Proportional spacing places the digits closely together, reducing empty space in a document, and is thought to allow the numbers to blend into the text more effectively.<sup id="cite_ref-gotham_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gotham-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As tabular spacing makes all numbers with the same number of digits the same width, it is used for typesetting documents such as price lists, stock listings and sums in mathematics textbooks, all of which require columns of numeric figures to line up on top of each other for easier comparison.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tabular spacing is also a common feature of simple printing devices such as <a href="/wiki/Cash_register" title="Cash register">cash registers</a> and date-stamps.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Characters of uniform width are a standard feature of so-called <a href="/wiki/Monospaced_font" title="Monospaced font">monospaced fonts</a>, used in programming and on typewriters. However, many fonts that are not monospaced use tabular figures. More complex font designs may include two or more combinations with one as the default and others as alternate characters.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Of the four possibilities, non-lining tabular figures are particularly rare since there is no common use for them.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Peters_Figure_Styles_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Peters_Figure_Styles-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Fonts intended for professional use in documents such as business reports may also make the bold-style tabular figures take up the same width as the regular (non-bold) numbers, so a bold-style total would appear just as wide as the same sum in regular style.<sup id="cite_ref-Hoefler_Fonts_for_Complex_Data_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hoefler_Fonts_for_Complex_Data-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-gotham_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gotham-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Style_of_typefaces">Style of typefaces</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Typeface&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Style of typefaces"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_typefaces" title="List of typefaces">List of typefaces</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vox-ATypI_classification" title="Vox-ATypI classification">Vox-ATypI classification</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Font_types.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Font_types.svg/220px-Font_types.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="279" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Font_types.svg/330px-Font_types.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Font_types.svg/440px-Font_types.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1315" data-file-height="1670" /></a><figcaption>Illustration of different font types and the names of specific specimens</figcaption></figure> <p>Because an abundance of typefaces has been created over the centuries, they are commonly categorized according to their appearance. At the highest level (in the context of Latin-script fonts), one can differentiate Roman, Blackletter, and Gaelic types. <a href="/wiki/Roman_type" title="Roman type">Roman types</a> are in the most widespread use today, and are sub-classified as serif, sans serif, ornamental, and script types. Historically, the first European fonts were blackletter, followed by Roman serif, then sans serif and then the other types. The use of Gaelic faces was restricted to the Irish language, though these form a unique if minority class. Typefaces may be monospaced regardless of whether they are Roman, Blackletter, or Gaelic. Symbol typefaces are non-alphabetic. The Cyrillic script comes in two varieties, Roman-appearance type (called <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%88%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%82" class="mw-redirect" title="Гражданский шрифт">гражданский шрифт</a> <i>graždanskij šrift</i>) and traditional Slavonic type (called славянский шрифт <i>slavjanskij šrift</i>).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Roman_typefaces">Roman typefaces</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Typeface&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Roman typefaces"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Serif_typefaces">Serif typefaces</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Typeface&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Serif typefaces"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Serif" title="Serif">Serif</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Three_ages.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Three_ages.png/220px-Three_ages.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Three_ages.png/330px-Three_ages.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Three_ages.png/440px-Three_ages.png 2x" data-file-width="5136" data-file-height="3708" /></a><figcaption>The three traditional styles of serif typefaces used for body text: old-style, transitional and Didone, represented by <a href="/wiki/Garamond" title="Garamond">Garamond</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baskerville" title="Baskerville">Baskerville</a> and <a href="/wiki/Didot_(typeface)" title="Didot (typeface)">Didot</a>.</figcaption></figure><p>Serif, or <i>Roman</i>, typefaces are named for the features at the ends of their strokes. <a href="/wiki/Times_New_Roman" title="Times New Roman">Times New Roman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Garamond" title="Garamond">Garamond</a> are common examples of serif typefaces. Serif fonts are probably the most used class in printed materials, including most books, newspapers and magazines. Serif fonts are often classified into three subcategories: <b>Old Style</b>, <b>Transitional</b>, and <b><a href="/wiki/Didone_(typography)" title="Didone (typography)">Didone</a></b> (or Modern), representative examples of which are <a href="/wiki/Garamond" title="Garamond">Garamond</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baskerville" title="Baskerville">Baskerville</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bodoni" title="Bodoni">Bodoni</a> respectively. </p><p>Old Style typefaces are influenced by early Italian lettering design.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Modern fonts often exhibit a bracketed serif and a substantial difference in weight within the strokes. Though some argument exists as to whether Transitional fonts exist as a discrete category among serif fonts, Transitional fonts lie somewhere between Old Style and Modern style typefaces. Transitional fonts exhibit a marked increase in the variation of stroke weight and a more horizontal serif compared to Old Style. Slab serif designs have particularly large serifs, and date to the early nineteenth century. The earliest known slab serif font was first shown around 1817 by the English typefounder <a href="/wiki/Vincent_Figgins" title="Vincent Figgins">Vincent Figgins</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Roman</i>, <i>italic</i>, and <i>oblique</i> are also terms used to differentiate between upright and two possible slanted forms of a typeface. Italic and oblique fonts are similar (indeed, oblique fonts are often simply called italics) but there is strictly a difference: <i>italic</i> applies to fonts where the letter forms are redesigned, not just slanted. Almost all serif faces have italic forms; some sans-serif faces have oblique designs. (Most faces do not offer both as this is an artistic choice by the font designer about how the slanted form should look.)<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Sans-serif_typefaces">Sans-serif typefaces</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Typeface&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Sans-serif typefaces"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sans-serif" title="Sans-serif">Sans-serif</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Helvetica.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Helvetica.svg/220px-Helvetica.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Helvetica.svg/330px-Helvetica.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Helvetica.svg/440px-Helvetica.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="876" data-file-height="390" /></a><figcaption>The sans-serif <a href="/wiki/Helvetica" title="Helvetica">Helvetica</a> (<span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Neue Haas Grotesk</i></span>) typeface</figcaption></figure> <p>Sans serif (lit. without serif) designs appeared relatively recently in the history of type design. The first, similar to slab serif designs, was shown in 1816 by William Caslon IV. Many have minimal variation in stroke width, creating the impression of a minimal, simplified design. When first introduced, the faces were disparaged as "grotesque" (or "grotesk") and "gothic":<sup id="cite_ref-Phinney_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Phinney-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but by the late nineteenth century were commonly used for san-serif without negative implication.<sup id="cite_ref-acumin_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-acumin-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The major <a href="/wiki/Sans-serif#Classification" title="Sans-serif">sub-classes of Sans-serif</a> are "<a href="/wiki/Sans-serif#Grotesque" title="Sans-serif">Grotesque</a>", "<a href="/wiki/Sans-serif#Neo-grotesque" title="Sans-serif">Neo-grotesque</a>", "<a href="/wiki/Sans-serif#Geometric" title="Sans-serif">Geometric</a>" and "<a href="/wiki/Sans-serif#Humanist" title="Sans-serif">Humanist</a>". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Blackletter_typefaces">Blackletter typefaces</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Typeface&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Blackletter typefaces"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Blackletter" title="Blackletter">Blackletter</a></div> <p>"Blackletter" is the name of the class of typefaces used with the earliest <a href="/wiki/Printing_press" title="Printing press">printing presses</a> in Europe, which imitated the <a href="/wiki/Calligraphy" title="Calligraphy">calligraphy</a> style of that time and place. Various forms exist including <a href="/wiki/Textualis" class="mw-redirect" title="Textualis">textualis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rotunda_(script)" title="Rotunda (script)">rotunda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Schwabacher" title="Schwabacher">schwabacher</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fraktur_(typeface)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fraktur (typeface)">fraktur</a>. (Some people refer to Blackletter as "<a href="/wiki/Gothic_script_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Gothic script (disambiguation)">gothic script</a>" or "gothic font", though the term "Gothic" in typography refers to <a href="/wiki/Sans_serif" class="mw-redirect" title="Sans serif">sans serif</a> typefaces.<sup id="cite_ref-acumin_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-acumin-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gaelic_typefaces">Gaelic typefaces</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Typeface&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Gaelic typefaces"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Gaelic_type" title="Gaelic type">Gaelic type</a></div> <p>Gaelic fonts were first used for the <a href="/wiki/Irish_language" title="Irish language">Irish language</a> in 1571, and were used regularly for Irish until the early 1960s, though they continue to be used in display type and type for signage. Their use was effectively confined to Ireland, though Gaelic typefaces were designed and produced in France, Belgium, and Italy. Gaelic typefaces make use of <a href="/wiki/Insular_script" title="Insular script">insular</a> letterforms, and early fonts made use of a variety of abbreviations deriving from the manuscript tradition.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Various forms exist, including manuscript, traditional, and modern styles, chiefly distinguished as having angular or uncial features.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Monospaced_typefaces">Monospaced typefaces</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Typeface&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Monospaced typefaces"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Monospaced_font" title="Monospaced font">Monospaced font</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Courier_simple_sample.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Courier_simple_sample.png/220px-Courier_simple_sample.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="63" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Courier_simple_sample.png/330px-Courier_simple_sample.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Courier_simple_sample.png/440px-Courier_simple_sample.png 2x" data-file-width="4466" data-file-height="1274" /></a><figcaption>Courier, a monospaced slab serif typeface. All the letters occupy spaces the same width.</figcaption></figure> <p>Monospaced fonts are typefaces in which every glyph is the same width (as opposed to variable-width fonts, where the <i>w</i> and <i>m</i> are wider than most letters, and the <i>i</i> is narrower). The first monospaced typefaces were designed for typewriters, which could only move the same distance forward with each letter typed. Their use continued with early computers, which could only display a single font. Although modern computers can display any desired typeface, monospaced fonts are still important for <a href="/wiki/Computer_programming" title="Computer programming">computer programming</a>, terminal emulation, and for laying out tabulated data in <a href="/wiki/Plain_text" title="Plain text">plain text</a> documents; they may also be particularly legible at small sizes due to all characters being quite wide.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/List_of_typefaces#Monospaced" title="List of typefaces">Examples of monospaced typefaces</a> are <a href="/wiki/Courier_(typeface)" title="Courier (typeface)">Courier</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prestige_Elite" title="Prestige Elite">Prestige Elite</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fixedsys" title="Fixedsys">Fixedsys</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Monaco_(typeface)" title="Monaco (typeface)">Monaco</a>. Most monospaced fonts are sans-serif or slab-serif as these designs are easiest to read printed small or display on low-resolution screens, though many exceptions exist. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="CJK_typefaces">CJK typefaces</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Typeface&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: CJK typefaces"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/CJK_characters" title="CJK characters">CJK characters</a></div> <p>CJK, or Chinese, Japanese and Korean typefaces consist of large sets of glyphs. These typefaces originate in the glyphs found in brush calligraphy during the Tang dynasty. These later evolved into the Song style (宋体字) which used thick vertical strokes and thin horizontal strokes in wood block printing.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The glyphs found in CJK fonts are designed to fit within a square. This allows for regular vertical, horizontal, right-to-left and left-to-right orientations. CJK fonts can also include an extended set of monospaced Latin characters. This commonly results in complex, sometimes contradictory rules and conventions for mixing languages in type. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Mincho">Mincho</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Typeface&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Mincho"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Ming_(typefaces)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ming (typefaces)">Ming (typefaces)</a></div> <p>With CJK typefaces, Mincho style tends to be something like Serifs for the end of stems, and in fact includes Serifed glyphs for Extended Latin and Cyrillic sets within a typeface. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Gothic">Gothic</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Typeface&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Gothic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>With CJK typefaces, Goth style tends to be something like Sans Serifs with squarish, cut off end-caps for the end of stems, and in fact includes Sans Serif glyphs for Extended Latin and Cyrillic sets within a typeface. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Maru">Maru</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Typeface&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Maru"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>With CJK typefaces, Maru style tends to be something like Sans Serifs with rounded end-caps for the end of stems, and in fact includes Rounded Sans Serif glyphs for Extended Latin and Cyrillic sets within a typeface. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Display_type">Display type</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Typeface&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Display type"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Display_typeface" title="Display typeface">Display typeface</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Theydon_Bois.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Theydon_Bois.JPG/220px-Theydon_Bois.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Theydon_Bois.JPG/330px-Theydon_Bois.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Theydon_Bois.JPG/440px-Theydon_Bois.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/London_Underground" title="London Underground">London Underground</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Johnston_(typeface)" title="Johnston (typeface)">Johnston</a> typeface, printed on a large sign</figcaption></figure> <p>Display type refers to the use of type at large sizes, perhaps 30 points or larger. Some typefaces are considered useful solely at display sizes, and are known as display faces. Most effect typefaces are display types. Common features of display type include tighter default letter spacing, finer details and serifs, slightly more condensed letter shapes and larger differences between thick and thin strokes; many of these are most visible in serif designs. Many display typefaces in the past such as those intended for posters and newspaper headlines were also only cut in capitals, since it was assumed lower-case would not be needed, or at least with no italics. This was true of many early sans-serif fonts. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Perpetua_Text_and_Titling.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Perpetua_Text_and_Titling.png/220px-Perpetua_Text_and_Titling.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Perpetua_Text_and_Titling.png/330px-Perpetua_Text_and_Titling.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Perpetua_Text_and_Titling.png/440px-Perpetua_Text_and_Titling.png 2x" data-file-width="9735" data-file-height="5383" /></a><figcaption>Comparison between the typeface <a href="/wiki/Perpetua_(typeface)" title="Perpetua (typeface)">Perpetua</a> and its display variant, Perpetua Titling (above). The display type has slimmer stroke width and taller letters.</figcaption></figure> <p>In the days of metal type, when each size was cut individually, types intended for display use were often adjusted accordingly. These modifications continued to be made even after fonts started to be made by scaling using a pantograph, but began to fade away with the advent of phototypesetting and then digital fonts, which can both be printed at any size. Premium digital fonts used for magazines, books and newspapers do often include display variants, but they are often not included with typefaces bundled with operating systems and desktop publishing software.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Display typefaces in the letterpress period were often made as <a href="/wiki/Wood_type" title="Wood type">wood type</a>, being lighter than metal. </p><p>Decades into the desktop publishing revolution, few typographers with metal foundry type experience are still working, and few digital typefaces are optimized specifically for different sizes, so the misuse of the term display typeface as a synonym for ornamental type has become widespread; properly speaking, ornamental typefaces are a subcategory of display typefaces. At the same time, with new printing techniques, typefaces have largely replaced hand-lettering for very large signs and notices that would once have been painted or carved by hand.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Script_typefaces">Script typefaces</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Typeface&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Script typefaces"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Script_typeface" title="Script typeface">Script typeface</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Coronet_font.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Coronet_font.svg/220px-Coronet_font.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="77" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Coronet_font.svg/330px-Coronet_font.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Coronet_font.svg/440px-Coronet_font.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="211" data-file-height="74" /></a><figcaption>Coronet, a script typeface</figcaption></figure> <p>Script typefaces imitate handwriting or <a href="/wiki/Calligraphy" title="Calligraphy">calligraphy</a>. They do not lend themselves to quantities of <a href="/wiki/Body_text" title="Body text">body text</a>, as people find them harder to read than many serif and sans-serif typefaces; they are typically used for logos or invitations. Historically, most lettering on logos, displays, shop frontages did not use fonts but was rather custom-designed by signpainters and engravers, so many emulate the styles of hand-drawn signs from different historical periods. The genre has developed rapidly in recent years due to modern font formats allowing more complex simulations of handwriting.<sup id="cite_ref-Lettercentric:_Type_as_Writing_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lettercentric:_Type_as_Writing-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Examples include <a href="/wiki/Coronet_(typeface)" title="Coronet (typeface)">Coronet</a> (a quite simple design from 1937) and <a href="/wiki/Zapfino" title="Zapfino">Zapfino</a> (a much more complicated digital design). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mimicry_typefaces">Mimicry typefaces <span class="anchor" id="Ethnic_typefaces"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Typeface&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Mimicry typefaces"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Foreign_branding" title="Foreign branding">Foreign branding</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Faux_Hebrew.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Faux_Hebrew.png/220px-Faux_Hebrew.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Faux_Hebrew.png/330px-Faux_Hebrew.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Faux_Hebrew.png/440px-Faux_Hebrew.png 2x" data-file-width="718" data-file-height="110" /></a><figcaption>Simulated Hebrew</figcaption></figure> <p>Mimicry typefaces are decorative typefaces that have been designed to represent characters of one alphabet but at the same time evoke another <a href="/wiki/Writing_system" title="Writing system">writing system</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Silverstein_Forward_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Silverstein_Forward-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This group includes Roman typefaces designed to appear as <a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chinese_character" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese character">Chinese characters</a> (<a href="/wiki/Wonton_font" title="Wonton font">Wonton fonts</a>), <a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_script" title="Cyrillic script">Cyrillic</a> (<a href="/wiki/Faux_Cyrillic" title="Faux Cyrillic">Faux Cyrillic</a>), <a href="/wiki/Indic_scripts" class="mw-redirect" title="Indic scripts">Indic scripts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greek_alphabet" title="Greek alphabet">Greek</a> (an example being <a href="/wiki/Lithos" title="Lithos">Lithos</a>), <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_alphabet" title="Hebrew alphabet">Hebrew</a> (<a href="/wiki/Faux_Hebrew" title="Faux Hebrew">Faux Hebrew</a>), <a href="/wiki/Kana" title="Kana">Kana</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Thai_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Thai alphabet">Thai</a>. These are used largely for the purpose of novelty to make something appear foreign, or to make businesses offering foreign products, such as restaurants, clearly stand out.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This typographic mimicry is also known as a faux font (named faux x, where x is usually a language script), pseudoscript, ethnic typeface, simulation typeface or a "foreign look" font.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reverse-contrast_typefaces">Reverse-contrast typefaces</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Typeface&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Reverse-contrast typefaces"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Reverse-contrast_typefaces" title="Reverse-contrast typefaces">Reverse-contrast typefaces</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Reverse_contrast.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Reverse_contrast.png/220px-Reverse_contrast.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Reverse_contrast.png/330px-Reverse_contrast.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Reverse_contrast.png/440px-Reverse_contrast.png 2x" data-file-width="12564" data-file-height="10760" /></a><figcaption>Reverse-contrast type compared to a <a href="/wiki/Fat_face" title="Fat face">fat face</a> design. Both are very bold, but the fat face's thick lines are the verticals and the reverse-contrast's are the horizontals.</figcaption></figure> <p>A reverse-contrast type is a typeface in which the stress is reversed from the norm: instead of the vertical lines being the same width or thicker than horizontals, which is normal in Latin-alphabet printing, the horizontal lines are the thickest.<sup id="cite_ref-Type_Tuesday_Eye_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Type_Tuesday_Eye-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Reverse-contrast types are rarely used for body text, and are particularly common in <a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Display_type">display</a> applications such as headings and posters, in which their unusual structure may be particularly eye-catching.<sup id="cite_ref-Anatomy_of_a_typeface_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Anatomy_of_a_typeface-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> First seen in London in 1821, they were particularly common in the mid- to late nineteenth century in American and British printing and have been revived occasionally since then. They effectively become <a href="/wiki/Slab_serif" title="Slab serif">slab serif</a> designs because of the serifs becoming thick, and are often characterised as part of that genre. In recent times, the reverse-contrast effect has been extended to other kinds of typeface, such as <a href="/wiki/Sans-serif" title="Sans-serif">sans-serif</a> designs.<sup id="cite_ref-Fontlists:_reverse_contrast_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fontlists:_reverse_contrast-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Effect_typefaces">Effect typefaces</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Typeface&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Effect typefaces"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Display_typefaces.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Display_typefaces.png/220px-Display_typefaces.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Display_typefaces.png/330px-Display_typefaces.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Display_typefaces.png/440px-Display_typefaces.png 2x" data-file-width="5039" data-file-height="2519" /></a><figcaption>Three typefaces designed for headings, offering a clear contrast to body text</figcaption></figure> <p>Some typefaces have a structure that suggests a three-dimensional letter, such as letters carved into stone. An example of this is the genre known as 'inline', 'block' 'outline' or 'shadowed' typefaces. This renders the interior of glyphs in the background color, with a thin line around the edges of the glyphs. In some cases, the outline shows the glyph filled in with the foreground color, surrounded a thin outline mirroring the edges separated by a small gap. (This latter style is often used with "college" typefaces.) Colorized block lettering is often seen in carefully rendered <a href="/wiki/Graffiti" title="Graffiti">graffiti</a>. </p><p>A "shadow" effect can also be either designed into a typeface or added to an existing typeface. Designed-in shadows can be stylized or connected to the foreground. An after-market shadow effect can be created by making two copies of each glyph, slightly offset in a diagonal direction and possibly in different colors. <a href="/wiki/Drop_shadow" title="Drop shadow">Drop shadows</a> can also be dynamically created by rendering software. The shadow effect is often combined with the outline effect, where the top layer is shown in white with black outline and the bottom layer in black, for greater contrast. An example typeface with an 'inline' effect is <a href="/wiki/Imprint_(typeface)" title="Imprint (typeface)">Imprint Shadowed</a>, where the shadowed version is more widely distributed than the regular design.<sup id="cite_ref-Microsoft_Typography_Imprint_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Microsoft_Typography_Imprint-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Small_print_typefaces">Small print typefaces</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Typeface&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Small print typefaces"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some typefaces are specifically designed to be printed at small sizes, for example in telephone directories or on newsprint paper. <a href="/wiki/Bell_Gothic" title="Bell Gothic">Bell Gothic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bell_Centennial" title="Bell Centennial">Bell Centennial</a>, commissioned for telephone directories, are notable examples of this. Small-print designs often feature a large <a href="/wiki/X-height" title="X-height">x-height</a>, and a chunky design. Some fonts used at such sizes may be members of a larger typeface family joining members for normal sizes. For example, the <a href="/wiki/Times_New_Roman" title="Times New Roman">Times New Roman</a> family contains some designs intended for small print use, as do many families with optical sizes such as <a href="/wiki/Minion_(typeface)" title="Minion (typeface)">Minion</a>. </p><p>In the metal type era, typefaces intended to be printed small contained <a href="/wiki/Ink_trap" title="Ink trap">ink traps</a>, small indentations at the junctions of strokes that would be filled up with ink spreading out, maintaining the intended appearance of the type design. Without ink traps, the excess ink would blob and ruin the crisp edge. At larger sizes, these ink traps were not necessary, so display faces did not have them. They have also been removed from most digital fonts, as these will normally be viewed on screen or printed through inkjet printing, laser printing, offset lithography, electrophotographic printing or other processes that do not show the ink spread of letterpress. Ink traps have remained common on designs intended to be printed on low-quality, absorbent paper, especially <a href="/wiki/Newsprint" title="Newsprint">newsprint</a> and telephone directories. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Typeface_family">Typeface family</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Typeface&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Typeface family"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A <b>typeface family</b> (or <b>type family</b>) is a set of typefaces that share a common design concept.<sup id="cite_ref-Haley_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Haley-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The simplest typeface family has just a 'regular' face and an 'oblique' face (or 'Roman' and 'Italic'); the next step up adds <a href="/wiki/Boldface" class="mw-redirect" title="Boldface">boldface</a> versions of these types. A modern professional typeface family (such as Danish Standard no. 737) might have as many as 54 different styles:<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Font#Width" title="Font">condensed</a>, normal and <a href="/wiki/Font#Width" title="Font">expanded</a> forms of each of 'thin', 'extralight', 'light', 'regular', 'medium', 'demibold', 'bold', 'extrabold' and 'heavy' types, in regular and italic. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Texts_used_to_demonstrate_typefaces">Texts used to demonstrate typefaces</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Typeface&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Texts used to demonstrate typefaces"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Caslon_english_roman_sample.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/aa/Caslon_english_roman_sample.png/220px-Caslon_english_roman_sample.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/aa/Caslon_english_roman_sample.png/330px-Caslon_english_roman_sample.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/aa/Caslon_english_roman_sample.png/440px-Caslon_english_roman_sample.png 2x" data-file-width="723" data-file-height="323" /></a><figcaption>A Latin text used in a sample of <a href="/wiki/Caslon" title="Caslon">Caslon</a></figcaption></figure> <p>A sentence that uses all of the alphabet (a <a href="/wiki/Pangram" title="Pangram">pangram</a>), such as "<a href="/wiki/The_quick_brown_fox_jumps_over_the_lazy_dog" title="The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog">The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog</a>", is often used as a design aesthetic tool to demonstrate the personality of a typeface's characters in a setting (because it displays all the letters of the alphabet). For extended settings of typefaces graphic designers often use nonsense text (commonly referred to as <i><a href="/wiki/Greeking" title="Greeking">greeking</a></i>), such as <i><a href="/wiki/Lorem_ipsum" title="Lorem ipsum">lorem ipsum</a></i> or <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> text such as the beginning of <a href="/wiki/Cicero" title="Cicero">Cicero</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/In_Catilinam" class="mw-redirect" title="In Catilinam">In Catilinam</a></i>. Greeking is used in typography to determine a typeface's <i><a href="/wiki/Type_color" title="Type color">colour</a></i>, or weight and style, and to demonstrate an overall typographic aesthetic prior to actual type setting. Another common demonstration word is "<a href="/wiki/Hamburgevons" title="Hamburgevons">Hamburgevons</a>". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Non-character_typefaces">Non-character typefaces</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Typeface&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Non-character typefaces"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Specimens_of_printed_borders_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Specimens_of_printed_borders_2.jpg/220px-Specimens_of_printed_borders_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Specimens_of_printed_borders_2.jpg/330px-Specimens_of_printed_borders_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Specimens_of_printed_borders_2.jpg/440px-Specimens_of_printed_borders_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2136" data-file-height="2043" /></a><figcaption>Specimens of printed floral borders from an 1897 type foundry specimen book.</figcaption></figure> <p>The process of printing typefaces has historically been far simpler than commissioning and engraving custom illustrations, especially as many non-text features of printed works like symbols and borders were likely to be reused by a printer in future.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hoefler_Text:_Arabesques_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hoefler_Text:_Arabesques-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-English_printers'_ornaments_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-English_printers'_ornaments-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Non-character typefaces have therefore been created for elements of documents that are not letters but are likely to be reused regularly.<sup id="cite_ref-Historic_Design_in_Printing_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Historic_Design_in_Printing-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These include: </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ornamental_typefaces">Ornamental typefaces</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Typeface&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Ornamental typefaces"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ornamental (also known as <i>novelty</i> or sometimes <i>display</i>) typefaces are used to decorate a page. Historically complex interlocking patterns known as <a href="/wiki/Arabesque_(European_art)" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabesque (European art)">arabesques</a> were common in fine printing, as were floral borders known as <a href="/wiki/Fleuron_(typography)" title="Fleuron (typography)">fleurons</a> evoking hand-drawn manuscripts. </p><p>In the metal type era, type-founding companies often would offer pre-formed illustrations as fonts showing objects and designs likely to be useful for printing and advertisements, the equivalent of modern <a href="/wiki/Clip_art" title="Clip art">clip art</a> and stock photographs.<sup id="cite_ref-Lady_Speaker_Sorts_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lady_Speaker_Sorts-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As examples, the <a href="/wiki/American_Type_Founders" title="American Type Founders">American Type Founders</a> specimen of 1897 offered designs including baseball players, animals, Christmas wreaths, designs for <a href="/wiki/Cheque" title="Cheque">cheques</a>, and emblems such as <a href="/wiki/Seals_of_the_U.S._states" class="mw-redirect" title="Seals of the U.S. states">state seals</a> for government printing.<sup id="cite_ref-Specimens_of_type,_borders,_ornaments,_brass_rules_and_cuts,_etc._:_catalogue_of_printing_machinery_and_materials,_wood_goods,_etc_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Specimens_of_type,_borders,_ornaments,_brass_rules_and_cuts,_etc._:_catalogue_of_printing_machinery_and_materials,_wood_goods,_etc-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The practice has declined as printing custom illustrations and colour printing using processes such as <a href="/wiki/Lithography" title="Lithography">lithography</a> has become cheaper, although illustration typefaces are still sold by some companies. <a href="#Display_type">See above</a> for the historical definition of <i>display typeface</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Symbol_typefaces">Symbol typefaces</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Typeface&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Symbol typefaces"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Dingbat" title="Dingbat">Dingbat</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dingbat_examples.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Dingbat_examples.png/220px-Dingbat_examples.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Dingbat_examples.png/330px-Dingbat_examples.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Dingbat_examples.png/440px-Dingbat_examples.png 2x" data-file-width="4707" data-file-height="3867" /></a><figcaption>Examples of dingbats, which could be used in documents such as tourist guides or TV listings.</figcaption></figure> <p>Symbol, or dingbat, typefaces consist of symbols (such as decorative bullets, clock faces, railroad timetable symbols, CD-index, or TV-channel enclosed numbers) rather than normal text characters. Common, widely used symbol typeface releases include <a href="/wiki/Zapf_Dingbats" title="Zapf Dingbats">Zapf Dingbats</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wingdings" title="Wingdings">Wingdings</a>, though many may be created internally by a publication for its own use and some typefaces may have a symbol range included.<sup id="cite_ref-Mercury_Text:_symbols_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mercury_Text:_symbols-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Marlett" title="Marlett">Marlett</a> is an example of a font used by <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Windows</a> to draw elements of windows and icons. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Emoji">Emoji</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Typeface&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Emoji"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Emoji" title="Emoji">Emoji</a></div> <p>Emoji are pictograms that can be used and displayed inline with text.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They are similar to previous symbol typefaces, but with a much larger range of characters, such as symbols for common objects, animals, food types, weather and emotions. Originally developed in Japan, they are now commonly installed on many computer and smartphone operating systems.<sup id="cite_ref-Why_and_how_I_created_emoji_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Why_and_how_I_created_emoji-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Meet_Shigetaka_Kurita,_the_Father_of_Emoji_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Meet_Shigetaka_Kurita,_the_Father_of_Emoji-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following standardisation and inclusion in the <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> standard, allowing them to be used internationally, the number of Emoji characters has rapidly increased to meet the demands of an expanded range of cultures using them; unlike many previous symbol typefaces, they are interchangeable with the ability to display the pictures of the same meaning in a range of fonts on different operating systems.<sup id="cite_ref-Emoji_Additions:_Animals,_Compatibility,_and_More_Popular_Requests;_Emoji_tranche_5_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Emoji_Additions:_Animals,_Compatibility,_and_More_Popular_Requests;_Emoji_tranche_5-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The popularity of emoji has meant that characters have sometimes gained culture-specific meanings not inherent to the design.<sup id="cite_ref-How_to_(pretend_to)_be_young_and_down_with_the_internet_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-How_to_(pretend_to)_be_young_and_down_with_the_internet-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-The_31_Most_Nail_Care_Emoji_Moments_Of_2014_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_31_Most_Nail_Care_Emoji_Moments_Of_2014-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-The_Five_Non-Negotiable_Best_Emojis_in_the_Land_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Five_Non-Negotiable_Best_Emojis_in_the_Land-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both colour and monochrome emoji typefaces exist, as well as at least one animated design.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Music_typefaces">Music typefaces</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Typeface&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Music typefaces"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Typeface" title="Special:EditPage/Typeface">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2019</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Typefaces that include musical notes and other needed symbols have been developed to print <a href="/wiki/Sheet_music" title="Sheet music">sheet music</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Intellectual_property">Intellectual property</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Typeface&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Intellectual property"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="excerpt-block"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1066933788">.mw-parser-output .excerpt-hat .mw-editsection-like{font-style:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable dablink excerpt-hat selfref">This section is an excerpt from <a href="/wiki/Intellectual_property_protection_of_typefaces" title="Intellectual property protection of typefaces">Intellectual property protection of typefaces</a>.<span class="mw-editsection-like plainlinks"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Intellectual_property_protection_of_typefaces&action=edit">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><div class="excerpt"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/Intellectual_property" title="Intellectual property">Intellectual property</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span class="skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Intellectual_property_Noun_project.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Intellectual_property_Noun_project.svg/150px-Intellectual_property_Noun_project.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Intellectual_property_Noun_project.svg/225px-Intellectual_property_Noun_project.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Intellectual_property_Noun_project.svg/300px-Intellectual_property_Noun_project.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Authors%27_rights" title="Authors' rights">Authors' rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copyleft" title="Copyleft">Copyleft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copyright" title="Copyright">Copyright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Database_right" title="Database right">Database right</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farmers%27_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Farmers' rights">Farmers' rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geographical_indication" title="Geographical indication">Geographical indication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_intellectual_property" title="Indigenous intellectual property">Indigenous intellectual property</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_design_right" title="Industrial design right">Industrial design right</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Integrated_circuit_layout_design_protection" title="Integrated circuit layout design protection">Integrated circuit layout design protection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moral_rights" title="Moral rights">Moral rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patent" title="Patent">Patent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Declaration_on_the_Rights_of_Peasants" title="United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Peasants">Peasants' rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plant_breeders%27_rights" title="Plant breeders' rights">Plant breeders' rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plant_genetic_resources" title="Plant genetic resources">Plant genetic resources</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Related_rights" title="Related rights">Related rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supplementary_protection_certificate" title="Supplementary protection certificate">Supplementary protection certificate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_dress" title="Trade dress">Trade dress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_secret" title="Trade secret">Trade secret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trademark" title="Trademark">Trademark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utility_model" title="Utility model">Utility model</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Related topics</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abandonware" title="Abandonware">Abandonware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artificial_intelligence_and_copyright" title="Artificial intelligence and copyright">Artificial intelligence and copyright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brand_protection" title="Brand protection">Brand protection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copyright_abolition" title="Copyright abolition">Copyright abolition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copyright_troll" title="Copyright troll">Copyright troll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_copyright" title="Criticism of copyright">Criticism of copyright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bioprospecting" title="Bioprospecting">Bioprospecting</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biopiracy" title="Biopiracy">Biopiracy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idea%E2%80%93expression_distinction" title="Idea–expression distinction">Idea–expression distinction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limitations_and_exceptions_to_copyright" title="Limitations and exceptions to copyright">Limitations and exceptions to copyright</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fair_dealing" title="Fair dealing">Fair dealing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fair_use" title="Fair use">Fair use</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paraphrasing_of_copyrighted_material" title="Paraphrasing of copyrighted material">Paraphrasing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_quote" title="Right to quote">Right to quote</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orphan_work" title="Orphan work">Orphan work</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patent_troll" title="Patent troll">Patent troll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirate_Party" title="Pirate Party">Pirate Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">Public domain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_intellectual_property" title="Outline of intellectual property">Outline of intellectual property</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_patents" title="Outline of patents">Outline of patents</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <i>Higher categories:</i><br /><a href="/wiki/Property" title="Property">Property</a> and <a href="/wiki/Property_law" title="Property law">Property law</a></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Intellectual_property" title="Template:Intellectual property"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Intellectual_property" title="Template talk:Intellectual property"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Intellectual_property" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Intellectual property"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> Typefaces, <a href="/wiki/Font" title="Font">fonts</a>, and their <a href="/wiki/Glyph" title="Glyph">glyphs</a> raise <a href="/wiki/Intellectual_property" title="Intellectual property">intellectual property</a> considerations in <a href="/wiki/Copyright" title="Copyright">copyright</a>, trademark, design patent, and related laws. The copyright status of a typeface and of any font file that describes it digitally varies between jurisdictions. In the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, the shapes of typefaces are not eligible for copyright but may be protected by design patent (although it is rarely applied for, the first US design patent that was ever awarded was for a typeface).<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Typefaces can be protected in other countries, including the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>, and <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>, by industrial design protections that are similar to copyright or design patent in that they protect the abstract shapes. Additionally, in the US and some other countries, computer <i>fonts</i>, the <i>digital instantiation</i> of the shapes as vector outlines, may be protected by copyright on the computer code that produces them. The name of a typeface may also be protected as a trademark.</div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Typeface&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ATypI" title="ATypI">ATypI</a> – International typography organisation</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calligraphy" title="Calligraphy">Calligraphy</a> – Visual art related to writing</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Character_(symbol)" title="Character (symbol)">Character (symbol)</a> – Character as a semiotic sign or symbol</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_font" title="Computer font">Computer font</a> – Digital description of a typographical font</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Font" title="Font">Font</a> – Particular size, weight and style of a typeface</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Font_family_(HTML)" title="Font family (HTML)">Font family (HTML)</a> – CSS property in HTML</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Font_management_software" title="Font management software">Font management software</a> – Utility software</li> <li><a href="/wiki/FontLab" title="FontLab">FontLab</a> – Font editor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intellifont" title="Intellifont">Intellifont</a> – Scalable font technology</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerning" title="Kerning">Kerning</a> – Process in typography</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Language" title="Language">Language</a> – Structured system of communication</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Letterform" title="Letterform">Letterform</a> – Term to refer to a letter's shape</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_typefaces" title="List of typefaces">List of typefaces</a> and <a href="/wiki/Category:Typeface_samples" title="Category:Typeface samples">Category:Typeface samples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_type_designers" title="List of type designers">List of type designers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_typographic_features" title="List of typographic features">List of typographic features</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sort_(typesetting)" title="Sort (typesetting)">Sort (typesetting)</a>, cast metal type for printing</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Typeface_anatomy" title="Typeface anatomy">Typeface anatomy</a> – Graphic components of typeface letters</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Type_design" title="Type design">Type design</a> – Art of designing typefaces and fonts</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Type_Directors_Club" title="Type Directors Club">Type Directors Club</a> – Organization for better typography</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Type_foundry" title="Type foundry">Type foundry</a> – Company that designs typefaces (fonts)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Typesetting" title="Typesetting">Typesetting</a> – Composition of text by means of arranging physical types or digital equivalents</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Typographic_unit" title="Typographic unit">Typographic unit</a> – Units of measurement</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Typography" title="Typography">Typography</a> – Art of arranging type</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unicode_font" title="Unicode font">Unicode font</a> – Computer font that maps glyphs to code points defined in the Unicode Standard</li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Explanatory_notes">Explanatory notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Typeface&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Explanatory notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The art and craft of designing pages (and books) <i>using</i> typefaces and other devices.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">There are a few other styles occasionally used, most notably small-cap figures set uniformly at the height of the small capitals, and 'short-ranging figures' slightly lower than cap height.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Typeface&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/typeface">"typeface"</a>. <i>Cambridge Academic Content Dictionary</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 December</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=typeface&rft.btitle=Cambridge+Academic+Content+Dictionary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdictionary.cambridge.org%2Fdictionary%2Fenglish%2Ftypeface&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATypeface" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220202143248/http://type-tones.typenetwork.com/news/article/clear-definitions">"Lettering is not type"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://type-tones.typenetwork.com/news/article/clear-definitions">the original</a> on 2022-02-02<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-11-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lettering+is+not+type&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftype-tones.typenetwork.com%2Fnews%2Farticle%2Fclear-definitions&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATypeface" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">McGrew, Mac. <i>American Metal Typefaces of the Twentieth Century (second edition)</i>. New Castle, DE: Oak Knoll Books, 1993: 85–87. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-938768-39-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-938768-39-5">0-938768-39-5</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180103183444/http://www.typophile.com/node/40309">"Expert Font"</a>. <i>Typophile.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://typophile.com/node/40309">the original</a> on 3 January 2018. <q>Expert set fonts are becoming less common with advent of OpenType which allows for these extras to be included in the same font that contains the default glyphs, accessed more easily, and inserted into a layout without damaging the underlying text.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Typophile.com&rft.atitle=Expert+Font&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftypophile.com%2Fnode%2F40309&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATypeface" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Graham, Lisa. <i>Basics of Design: Layout & Typography for Beginners</i>. New York: Delmar, 2002: 184. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7668-1362-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-7668-1362-2">0-7668-1362-2</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Apple's <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://developer.apple.com/textfonts/TTRefMan/RM01/Chap1.html#master">TrueType Reference Manual</a> Retrieved on 2009-06-21</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cosmosmagazine.com/technology/science-history-the-invention-of-the-linotype-machine/">"Science history: the Linotype machine"</a>. <i>Cosmos Magazine</i>. 2019-06-30<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-11-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cosmos+Magazine&rft.atitle=Science+history%3A+the+Linotype+machine&rft.date=2019-06-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcosmosmagazine.com%2Ftechnology%2Fscience-history-the-invention-of-the-linotype-machine%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATypeface" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dmxzone.com/go?6669">"Interview with Virginia Howlett, mother of Verdana"</a>. Dmxzone.com. 2004-06-24<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-09-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Interview+with+Virginia+Howlett%2C+mother+of+Verdana&rft.pub=Dmxzone.com&rft.date=2004-06-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dmxzone.com%2Fgo%3F6669&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATypeface" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStocks" class="citation web cs1">Stocks, Elliot Jay. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fonts.google.com/knowledge/introducing_type/understanding_numerals">"Understanding numerals"</a>. <i>Google Fonts</i>. Introducing type.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Google+Fonts&rft.atitle=Understanding+numerals&rft.aulast=Stocks&rft.aufirst=Elliot+Jay&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffonts.google.com%2Fknowledge%2Fintroducing_type%2Funderstanding_numerals&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATypeface" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/218623/why-use-monospace-fonts-in-your-ide">"Why use monospace fonts in your IDE?"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-02-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Why+use+monospace+fonts+in+your+IDE%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstackoverflow.com%2Fquestions%2F218623%2Fwhy-use-monospace-fonts-in-your-ide&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATypeface" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cullen, Kristin. <i>Layout Workbook: A Real-World Guide to Building Pages in Graphic Design,</i> Jul 2005: 92</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHendersonMumford2014" class="citation book cs1">Henderson, L.R.; Mumford, A.M. (20 May 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=O0KeBQAAQBAJ&q=%22metrically+identical%22&pg=PA375"><i>The Computer Graphics Metafile</i></a>. Butterworth-Heinemann. p. 375. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781483144849" title="Special:BookSources/9781483144849"><bdi>9781483144849</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Computer+Graphics+Metafile&rft.pages=375&rft.pub=Butterworth-Heinemann&rft.date=2014-05-20&rft.isbn=9781483144849&rft.aulast=Henderson&rft.aufirst=L.R.&rft.au=Mumford%2C+A.M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DO0KeBQAAQBAJ%26q%3D%2522metrically%2Bidentical%2522%26pg%3DPA375&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATypeface" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMumfordSkall2013" class="citation book cs1">Mumford, Anne M.; Skall, Mark (7 Mar 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=iUCqCAAAQBAJ&q=%22metrically+identical%22&pg=PA102"><i>CGM in the Real World</i></a>. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 102. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783642736292" title="Special:BookSources/9783642736292"><bdi>9783642736292</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=CGM+in+the+Real+World&rft.pages=102&rft.pub=Springer+Science+%26+Business+Media&rft.date=2013-03-07&rft.isbn=9783642736292&rft.aulast=Mumford&rft.aufirst=Anne+M.&rft.au=Skall%2C+Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DiUCqCAAAQBAJ%26q%3D%2522metrically%2Bidentical%2522%26pg%3DPA102&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATypeface" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRaggiThomasvan_Vugt2011" class="citation book cs1">Raggi, Emilio; Thomas, Keir; van Vugt, Sander (17 Dec 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5i-c2yms6tUC&q=%22metrically+identical%22&pg=PA286"><i>Beginning Ubuntu Linux: Natty Narwhal Edition</i></a>. Apress. p. 286. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781430236276" title="Special:BookSources/9781430236276"><bdi>9781430236276</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Beginning+Ubuntu+Linux%3A+Natty+Narwhal+Edition&rft.pages=286&rft.pub=Apress&rft.date=2011-12-17&rft.isbn=9781430236276&rft.aulast=Raggi&rft.aufirst=Emilio&rft.au=Thomas%2C+Keir&rft.au=van+Vugt%2C+Sander&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5i-c2yms6tUC%26q%3D%2522metrically%2Bidentical%2522%26pg%3DPA286&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATypeface" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fc-30-metric-aliases-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-fc-30-metric-aliases_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEsfahbodTAGOHSteffensCrozat" class="citation web cs1">Esfahbod, Behdad; TAGOH, Akira; Steffens, Jan; Crozat, Frederic. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/behdad/fontconfig/blob/master/conf.d/30-metric-aliases.conf">"30-metric-aliases.conf"</a>. <i>GitHub</i>. fontconfig<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GitHub&rft.atitle=30-metric-aliases.conf&rft.aulast=Esfahbod&rft.aufirst=Behdad&rft.au=TAGOH%2C+Akira&rft.au=Steffens%2C+Jan&rft.au=Crozat%2C+Frederic&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Fbehdad%2Ffontconfig%2Fblob%2Fmaster%2Fconf.d%2F30-metric-aliases.conf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATypeface" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWillis2012" class="citation web cs1">Willis, Nathan (19 June 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lwn.net/Articles/502371/">"Liberation fonts and the tricky task of internationalization"</a>. <a href="/wiki/LWN.net" title="LWN.net">LWN.net</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 June</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Liberation+fonts+and+the+tricky+task+of+internationalization&rft.pub=LWN.net&rft.date=2012-06-19&rft.aulast=Willis&rft.aufirst=Nathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flwn.net%2FArticles%2F502371%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATypeface" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-How_To_Choose_The_Right_Face_For_A_Beautiful_Body-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-How_To_Choose_The_Right_Face_For_A_Beautiful_Body_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReynolds2012" class="citation web cs1">Reynolds, Dan (21 May 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.smashingmagazine.com/2012/05/how-to-choose-the-right-face-for-a-beautiful-body/">"How To Choose The Right Face For A Beautiful Body"</a>. <i>Smashing</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Smashing&rft.atitle=How+To+Choose+The+Right+Face+For+A+Beautiful+Body&rft.date=2012-05-21&rft.aulast=Reynolds&rft.aufirst=Dan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.smashingmagazine.com%2F2012%2F05%2Fhow-to-choose-the-right-face-for-a-beautiful-body%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATypeface" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MicroPlus-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MicroPlus_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrere-Jones" class="citation web cs1">Frere-Jones, Tobias. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://frerejones.com/blog/introducing-microplus">"MicroPlus"</a>. Frere-Jones Type<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 December</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=MicroPlus&rft.pub=Frere-Jones+Type&rft.aulast=Frere-Jones&rft.aufirst=Tobias&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffrerejones.com%2Fblog%2Fintroducing-microplus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATypeface" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAhrensMugikura" class="citation web cs1">Ahrens; Mugikura. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://justanotherfoundry.com/size-specific-adjustments-to-type-designs">"Size-specific Adjustments to Type Designs"</a>. Just Another Foundry<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 November</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Size-specific+Adjustments+to+Type+Designs&rft.pub=Just+Another+Foundry&rft.au=Ahrens&rft.au=Mugikura&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjustanotherfoundry.com%2Fsize-specific-adjustments-to-type-designs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATypeface" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFColes" class="citation web cs1">Coles, Stephen. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://typographica.org/typography-books/size-specific-adjustments-to-type-designs/">"Book Review: Size-specific Adjustments to Type Designs"</a>. <i>Typographica</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 November</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Typographica&rft.atitle=Book+Review%3A+Size-specific+Adjustments+to+Type+Designs&rft.aulast=Coles&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftypographica.org%2Ftypography-books%2Fsize-specific-adjustments-to-type-designs%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATypeface" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKupferschmid2012" class="citation web cs1">Kupferschmid, Indra (13 May 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kupferschrift.de/cms/2012/05/multi-axes-families/">"Multi-axes type families"</a>. <i>kupferschrift</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 December</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=kupferschrift&rft.atitle=Multi-axes+type+families&rft.date=2012-05-13&rft.aulast=Kupferschmid&rft.aufirst=Indra&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkupferschrift.de%2Fcms%2F2012%2F05%2Fmulti-axes-families%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATypeface" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReynoldsKoeberlin2013" class="citation web cs1">Reynolds; Koeberlin (5 April 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ilovetypography.com/2013/04/06/socialist-tv-typeface-videtur-finally-freed/">"Socialist TV Typeface Videtur Finally Freed"</a>. FontFont<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 May</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Socialist+TV+Typeface+Videtur+Finally+Freed&rft.pub=FontFont&rft.date=2013-04-05&rft.au=Reynolds&rft.au=Koeberlin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Filovetypography.com%2F2013%2F04%2F06%2Fsocialist-tv-typeface-videtur-finally-freed%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATypeface" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HFJ_Numbers-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-HFJ_Numbers_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.typography.com/fonts/numbers/overview/">"Numbers"</a>. Hoefler & Frere-Jones<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-10-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Numbers&rft.pub=Hoefler+%26+Frere-Jones&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.typography.com%2Ffonts%2Fnumbers%2Foverview%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATypeface" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gotham-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gotham_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gotham_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.typography.com/fonts/gotham/features/gotham-numerics">"Gotham: Numerics"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hoefler_%26_Frere-Jones" class="mw-redirect" title="Hoefler & Frere-Jones">Hoefler & Frere-Jones</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-08-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gotham%3A+Numerics&rft.pub=Hoefler+%26+Frere-Jones&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.typography.com%2Ffonts%2Fgotham%2Ffeatures%2Fgotham-numerics&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATypeface" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStrizver" class="citation web cs1">Strizver, Elaine. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fonts.com/content/learning/fontology/level-3/numbers/proportional-vs-tabular-figures">"Proportional vs. Tabular Figures"</a>. <i>fonts.com</i>. Monotype Imaging<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-08-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=fonts.com&rft.atitle=Proportional+vs.+Tabular+Figures&rft.aulast=Strizver&rft.aufirst=Elaine&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fonts.com%2Fcontent%2Flearning%2Ffontology%2Flevel-3%2Fnumbers%2Fproportional-vs-tabular-figures&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATypeface" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.typography.com/fonts/numbers/inside/revenue">"Revenue"</a>. Hoefler & Frere-Jones<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-08-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Revenue&rft.pub=Hoefler+%26+Frere-Jones&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.typography.com%2Ffonts%2Fnumbers%2Finside%2Frevenue&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATypeface" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFButterick" class="citation web cs1">Butterick, Matthew. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://practicaltypography.com/alternate-figures.html">"Alternate figures: consider the context"</a>. <i>Butternick's Practical Typography</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Butternick%27s+Practical+Typography&rft.atitle=Alternate+figures%3A+consider+the+context&rft.aulast=Butterick&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpracticaltypography.com%2Falternate-figures.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATypeface" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSaller" class="citation news cs1">Saller, Carol. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://chronicle.com/blogs/linguafranca/2012/03/14/old-style-versus-lining-figures/">"Old-Style Versus Lining Figures"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Chronicle_of_Higher_Education" class="mw-redirect" title="Chronicle of Higher Education">Chronicle of Higher Education</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-08-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chronicle+of+Higher+Education&rft.atitle=Old-Style+Versus+Lining+Figures&rft.aulast=Saller&rft.aufirst=Carol&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fchronicle.com%2Fblogs%2Flinguafranca%2F2012%2F03%2F14%2Fold-style-versus-lining-figures%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATypeface" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBergsland" class="citation web cs1">Bergsland, David. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071019050624/http://www.graphic-design.com/DTG/bergsland/numbering_typography.html">"Using numbers in the proper case"</a>. Design & Publishing Center. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.graphic-design.com/DTG/bergsland/numbering_typography.html">the original</a> on 19 October 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 August</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Using+numbers+in+the+proper+case&rft.pub=Design+%26+Publishing+Center&rft.aulast=Bergsland&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.graphic-design.com%2FDTG%2Fbergsland%2Fnumbering_typography.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATypeface" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Peters_Figure_Styles-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Peters_Figure_Styles_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeters" class="citation web cs1">Peters, Yves. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.typenetwork.com/news/article/opentype-at-work-figure-styles-part-1">"OpenType at Work | Figure Styles"</a>. <i>Type Network</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 November</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Type+Network&rft.atitle=OpenType+at+Work+%7C+Figure+Styles&rft.aulast=Peters&rft.aufirst=Yves&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.typenetwork.com%2Fnews%2Farticle%2Fopentype-at-work-figure-styles-part-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATypeface" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hoefler_Fonts_for_Complex_Data-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hoefler_Fonts_for_Complex_Data_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoefler" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Hoefler" title="Jonathan Hoefler">Hoefler, Jonathan</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.typography.com/blog/fonts-for-complex-data">"Fonts for Complex Data"</a>. Hoefler & Co<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-07-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fonts+for+Complex+Data&rft.pub=Hoefler+%26+Co.&rft.aulast=Hoefler&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.typography.com%2Fblog%2Ffonts-for-complex-data&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATypeface" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchwartz" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Christian_Schwartz" title="Christian Schwartz">Schwartz, Christian</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fontbureau.com/nhg/features/">"Neue Haas Grotesk: Features"</a>. The Font Bureau, Inc<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-12-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Neue+Haas+Grotesk%3A+Features&rft.pub=The+Font+Bureau%2C+Inc.&rft.aulast=Schwartz&rft.aufirst=Christian&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fontbureau.com%2Fnhg%2Ffeatures%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATypeface" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Carter, Day, and Meggs. <i>Typographic Design: Form and Communication</i>. Third Edition. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and Sons, 2002: 34.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Carter, Day, and Meggs. <i>Typographic Design: Form and Communication</i>. Third Edition. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and Sons, 2002: 35.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Williams, Robin. <i>The Non-Designer's Type Book</i>. Berkeley, CA: Peachpit Press, 1998: 16.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Phinney-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Phinney_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPhinney2020" class="citation magazine cs1">Phinney, Thomas (October 17, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://graphic-design.com/2020/10/17/sansserif_gothic_grotesque/">"Sans Serif: Gothic and Grotesque"</a>. <i>Design, Technology and Grapics</i>. Showker, Inc.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Design%2C+Technology+and+Grapics&rft.atitle=Sans+Serif%3A+Gothic+and+Grotesque&rft.date=2020-10-17&rft.aulast=Phinney&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgraphic-design.com%2F2020%2F10%2F17%2Fsansserif_gothic_grotesque%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATypeface" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-acumin-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-acumin_39-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-acumin_39-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBerry" class="citation web cs1">Berry, John. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://acumin.typekit.com/history/">"A Neo-Grotesque Heritage"</a>. Adobe Systems<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 October</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+Neo-Grotesque+Heritage&rft.pub=Adobe+Systems&rft.aulast=Berry&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Facumin.typekit.com%2Fhistory%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATypeface" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lynam, E. W. 1969. <i>The Irish character in print: 1571–1923</i>. New York: Barnes & Noble. First printed as <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a> offprint 1924 in <i>Transactions of the Bibliographical Society</i>, 4th Series, Vol. IV, No. 4, March 1924.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">McGuinne, Dermot. <i>Irish type design: A history of printing types in the Irish character</i>. Blackrock: Irish Academic Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7165-2463-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-7165-2463-5">0-7165-2463-5</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEverson2000" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Everson" title="Michael Everson">Everson, Michael</a> (2000-06-19). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.evertype.com/celtscript/fonthist.html">"Gaelic Typefaces: History and Classification"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gaelic+Typefaces%3A+History+and+Classification&rft.date=2000-06-19&rft.aulast=Everson&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.evertype.com%2Fceltscript%2Ffonthist.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATypeface" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpolsky2001" class="citation news cs1">Spolsky, Joel (24 October 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.joelonsoftware.com/uibook/fog0000000249.html">"User Interface Design For Programmers"</a>. <i>Joel On Software</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Joel+On+Software&rft.atitle=User+Interface+Design+For+Programmers&rft.date=2001-10-24&rft.aulast=Spolsky&rft.aufirst=Joel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.joelonsoftware.com%2Fuibook%2Ffog0000000249.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATypeface" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Joseph Needham, <i>Science & Civilisation in China</i>, Vol. 5 Part 1, Paper & Printing, pg 224–226.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100605130012/https://www.adobe.com/type/topics/opticalsize.html">"Optical size"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Adobe_Systems" class="mw-redirect" title="Adobe Systems">Adobe Systems</a>. 2010-05-31. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.adobe.com/type/topics/opticalsize.html">the original</a> on 5 June 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Optical+size&rft.pub=Adobe+Systems&rft.date=2010-05-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.adobe.com%2Ftype%2Ftopics%2Fopticalsize.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATypeface" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.typography.com/fonts/requiem/features/">"Requiem: A font for all sizes"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hoefler_%26_Frere-Jones" class="mw-redirect" title="Hoefler & Frere-Jones">Hoefler & Frere-Jones</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 October</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Requiem%3A+A+font+for+all+sizes&rft.pub=Hoefler+%26+Frere-Jones&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.typography.com%2Ffonts%2Frequiem%2Ffeatures%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATypeface" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSimonson2009" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Mark_Simonson" title="Mark Simonson">Simonson, Mark</a> (8 February 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.marksimonson.com/notebook/view/not-a-font">"Not a Font"</a>. <i>Mark Simonson Studio blog</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 December</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mark+Simonson+Studio+blog&rft.atitle=Not+a+Font&rft.date=2009-02-08&rft.aulast=Simonson&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.marksimonson.com%2Fnotebook%2Fview%2Fnot-a-font&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATypeface" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lettercentric:_Type_as_Writing-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Lettercentric:_Type_as_Writing_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShaw2010" class="citation web cs1">Shaw, Paul (7 April 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.printmag.com/article/lettercentric-type-as-writing/">"Lettercentric: Type as Writing"</a>. <i>Print</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Print&rft.atitle=Lettercentric%3A+Type+as+Writing&rft.date=2010-04-07&rft.aulast=Shaw&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.printmag.com%2Farticle%2Flettercentric-type-as-writing%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATypeface" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Silverstein_Forward-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Silverstein_Forward_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSilverstein2022" class="citation web cs1">Silverstein, Andrew (22 July 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://forward.com/culture/507668/faux-hebrew-font-jewish-antisemitic-soy-vey-origins-fake-yiddish-letters/">"In the rarified world of Jewish letters, a mind-boggling font of Jewish history"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Forward" title="The Forward">The Forward</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 September</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Forward&rft.atitle=In+the+rarified+world+of+Jewish+letters%2C+a+mind-boggling+font+of+Jewish+history&rft.date=2022-07-22&rft.aulast=Silverstein&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fforward.com%2Fculture%2F507668%2Ffaux-hebrew-font-jewish-antisemitic-soy-vey-origins-fake-yiddish-letters%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATypeface" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShaw2009" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Shaw_(design_historian)" title="Paul Shaw (design historian)">Shaw, Paul</a> (17 June 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100116212853/http://www.printmag.com/article/stereo_types/">"Stereo Types"</a>. <i>Print Magazine</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.printmag.com/article/stereo_types/">the original</a> on 2010-01-16<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 October</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Print+Magazine&rft.atitle=Stereo+Types&rft.date=2009-06-17&rft.aulast=Shaw&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.printmag.com%2Farticle%2Fstereo_types%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATypeface" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChachra" class="citation web cs1">Chachra, Deb. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hilobrow.com/2014/08/10/kern-your-enthusiasm-10/">"Faux Devangari"</a>. <i>HiLoBrow</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 October</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=HiLoBrow&rft.atitle=Faux+Devangari&rft.aulast=Chachra&rft.aufirst=Deb&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhilobrow.com%2F2014%2F08%2F10%2Fkern-your-enthusiasm-10%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATypeface" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGiampetro" class="citation web cs1">Giampetro, Rob. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://linedandunlined.com/archive/new-black-face/">"New Black Face: Neuland and Lithos as Stereotypography"</a>. <i>Lined & Unlined</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Lined+%26+Unlined&rft.atitle=New+Black+Face%3A+Neuland+and+Lithos+as+Stereotypography&rft.aulast=Giampetro&rft.aufirst=Rob&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flinedandunlined.com%2Farchive%2Fnew-black-face%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATypeface" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaul2015" class="citation journal cs1">Paul, Sutherland (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.soas.ac.uk/linguistics/research/workingpapers/volume-17/file105419.pdf">"Writing System Mimicry in the Linguistic Landscape"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>SOAS Working Papers in Linguistics</i>. <b>17</b>: 147–167.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=SOAS+Working+Papers+in+Linguistics&rft.atitle=Writing+System+Mimicry+in+the+Linguistic+Landscape&rft.volume=17&rft.pages=147-167&rft.date=2015&rft.aulast=Paul&rft.aufirst=Sutherland&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.soas.ac.uk%2Flinguistics%2Fresearch%2Fworkingpapers%2Fvolume-17%2Ffile105419.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATypeface" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBennett2017" class="citation book cs1">Bennett, Brian P. (2017-09-25). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ltYtDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA166"><i>Sacred Languages of the World: An Introduction</i></a>. John Wiley & Sons. p. 166. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781118970782" title="Special:BookSources/9781118970782"><bdi>9781118970782</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sacred+Languages+of+the+World%3A+An+Introduction&rft.pages=166&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2017-09-25&rft.isbn=9781118970782&rft.aulast=Bennett&rft.aufirst=Brian+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DltYtDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA166&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATypeface" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSeargeant2012" class="citation book cs1">Seargeant, Philip (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newbooks-services.de/MediaFiles/Texts/8/9783631617168_Intro_005.pdf">"Between script and language: The ambiguous ascription of 'English' in the linguistic landscape"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Linguistic landscapes, multilingualism and social change</i>. pp. 187–200.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Between+script+and+language%3A+The+ambiguous+ascription+of+%27English%27+in+the+linguistic+landscape&rft.btitle=Linguistic+landscapes%2C+multilingualism+and+social+change&rft.pages=187-200&rft.date=2012&rft.aulast=Seargeant&rft.aufirst=Philip&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newbooks-services.de%2FMediaFiles%2FTexts%2F8%2F9783631617168_Intro_005.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATypeface" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Type_Tuesday_Eye-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Type_Tuesday_Eye_56-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchwartzBarnes2011" class="citation magazine cs1">Schwartz, Christian; Barnes, Paul (12 July 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eyemagazine.com/blog/post/type-tuesday13">"Deep in the archives: Caslon's Italian, ca. 1821. Specimen & punches"</a>. <i>Eye</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Eye&rft.atitle=Deep+in+the+archives%3A+Caslon%27s+Italian%2C+ca.+1821.+Specimen+%26+punches.&rft.date=2011-07-12&rft.aulast=Schwartz&rft.aufirst=Christian&rft.au=Barnes%2C+Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eyemagazine.com%2Fblog%2Fpost%2Ftype-tuesday13&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATypeface" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Anatomy_of_a_typeface-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Anatomy_of_a_typeface_57-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLawson1990" class="citation book cs1">Lawson, Alexander (1990). <i>Anatomy of a typeface</i> (1st ed.). Boston: Godine. pp. 321–323. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780879233334" title="Special:BookSources/9780879233334"><bdi>9780879233334</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Anatomy+of+a+typeface&rft.place=Boston&rft.pages=321-323&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Godine&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=9780879233334&rft.aulast=Lawson&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATypeface" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fontlists:_reverse_contrast-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Fontlists:_reverse_contrast_58-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeters" class="citation web cs1">Peters, Yves. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fontshop.com/people/yves-peters/fontlists/reverse-contrast">"Fontlists: reverse contrast"</a>. <i>Fontshop</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 August</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Fontshop&rft.atitle=Fontlists%3A+reverse+contrast&rft.aulast=Peters&rft.aufirst=Yves&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fontshop.com%2Fpeople%2Fyves-peters%2Ffontlists%2Freverse-contrast&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATypeface" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Microsoft_Typography_Imprint-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Microsoft_Typography_Imprint_59-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.microsoft.com/typography/fonts/family.aspx?FID=107">"Imprint MT"</a>. <i>Microsoft Typography</i>. Microsoft<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Microsoft+Typography&rft.atitle=Imprint+MT&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.microsoft.com%2Ftypography%2Ffonts%2Ffamily.aspx%3FFID%3D107&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATypeface" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Haley-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Haley_60-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHaley2012" class="citation web cs1">Haley, Allan (10 August 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cmscdn.fonts.com/documents/e57ab64289c95dda/Fontology_AboutTypefaceFamilies.pdf">"About Typeface Families"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>fonts.com</i>. Monotype Imaging Inc.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=fonts.com&rft.atitle=About+Typeface+Families&rft.date=2012-08-10&rft.aulast=Haley&rft.aufirst=Allan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcmscdn.fonts.com%2Fdocuments%2Fe57ab64289c95dda%2FFontology_AboutTypefaceFamilies.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATypeface" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dandad.org/awards/professional/2023/237262/ds737/">"DS 737: Shortlist / Type Design & Lettering / Typeface Family / 2023"</a>. <i>D&AD</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=D%26AD&rft.atitle=DS+737%3A+Shortlist+%2F+Type+Design+%26+Lettering+%2F+Typeface+Family+%2F+2023&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dandad.org%2Fawards%2Fprofessional%2F2023%2F237262%2Fds737%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATypeface" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohnson1991" class="citation book cs1">Johnson, Henry Lewis (1991). <i>Decorative ornaments and alphabets of the Renaissance : 1,020 copyright-free motifs from printed sources</i>. New York: Dover Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780486266053" title="Special:BookSources/9780486266053"><bdi>9780486266053</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Decorative+ornaments+and+alphabets+of+the+Renaissance+%3A+1%2C020+copyright-free+motifs+from+printed+sources&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Dover+Publications&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=9780486266053&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=Henry+Lewis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATypeface" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hoefler_Text:_Arabesques-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hoefler_Text:_Arabesques_63-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.typography.com/fonts/hoefler-text/features/hoefler-text-arabesques-patterns">"Hoefler Text: Arabesques"</a>. Hoefler & Frere-Jones<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 August</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hoefler+Text%3A+Arabesques&rft.pub=Hoefler+%26+Frere-Jones&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.typography.com%2Ffonts%2Fhoefler-text%2Ffeatures%2Fhoefler-text-arabesques-patterns&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATypeface" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-English_printers'_ornaments-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-English_printers'_ornaments_64-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPlomer1924" class="citation book cs1">Plomer, Henry R. (1924). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/englishprinterso00plom"><i>English printers' ornaments</i></a>. Mansfield Center, CT: Martino Pub. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781578987153" title="Special:BookSources/9781578987153"><bdi>9781578987153</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 August</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=English+printers%27+ornaments&rft.place=Mansfield+Center%2C+CT&rft.pub=Martino+Pub.&rft.date=1924&rft.isbn=9781578987153&rft.aulast=Plomer&rft.aufirst=Henry+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fenglishprinterso00plom&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATypeface" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Historic_Design_in_Printing-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Historic_Design_in_Printing_65-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohnson1923" class="citation book cs1">Johnson, Henry Lewis (1923). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historicdesignin00john"><i>Historic Design in Printing</i></a>. Boston, MA: Graphic Arts Company<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 August</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historic+Design+in+Printing&rft.place=Boston%2C+MA&rft.pub=Graphic+Arts+Company&rft.date=1923&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=Henry+Lewis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoricdesignin00john&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATypeface" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lady_Speaker_Sorts-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Lady_Speaker_Sorts_66-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPapaelias2012" class="citation web cs1">Papaelias, Amy (9 November 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alphabettes.org/lady-speaker-sorts/">"Lady Speaker Sorts"</a>. <i>Alphabettes</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 March</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Alphabettes&rft.atitle=Lady+Speaker+Sorts&rft.date=2012-11-09&rft.aulast=Papaelias&rft.aufirst=Amy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.alphabettes.org%2Flady-speaker-sorts%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATypeface" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Specimens_of_type,_borders,_ornaments,_brass_rules_and_cuts,_etc._:_catalogue_of_printing_machinery_and_materials,_wood_goods,_etc-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Specimens_of_type,_borders,_ornaments,_brass_rules_and_cuts,_etc._:_catalogue_of_printing_machinery_and_materials,_wood_goods,_etc_67-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/specimensoftypeb00amer"><i>Specimens of type, borders, ornaments, brass rules and cuts, etc. : catalogue of printing machinery and materials, wood goods, etc</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/American_Type_Founders" title="American Type Founders">American Type Founders</a>. 1897. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/specimensoftypeb00amer/page/703">703</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 August</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Specimens+of+type%2C+borders%2C+ornaments%2C+brass+rules+and+cuts%2C+etc.+%3A+catalogue+of+printing+machinery+and+materials%2C+wood+goods%2C+etc&rft.pages=703&rft.pub=American+Type+Founders&rft.date=1897&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fspecimensoftypeb00amer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATypeface" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mercury_Text:_symbols-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Mercury_Text:_symbols_68-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.typography.com/fonts/mercury-text/features/mercury-symbols">"Mercury Text: symbols"</a>. Hoefler & Frere-Jones<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 August</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mercury+Text%3A+symbols&rft.pub=Hoefler+%26+Frere-Jones&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.typography.com%2Ffonts%2Fmercury-text%2Ffeatures%2Fmercury-symbols&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATypeface" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_69-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlagdon2013" class="citation web cs1">Blagdon, Jeff (March 4, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theverge.com/2013/3/4/3966140/how-emoji-conquered-the-world">"How emoji conquered the world"</a>. <i>The Verge</i>. Vox Media<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 6,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Verge&rft.atitle=How+emoji+conquered+the+world&rft.date=2013-03-04&rft.aulast=Blagdon&rft.aufirst=Jeff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theverge.com%2F2013%2F3%2F4%2F3966140%2Fhow-emoji-conquered-the-world&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATypeface" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdam_Sternbergh2014" class="citation magazine cs1">Adam Sternbergh (November 16, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nymag.com/daily/intelligencer/2014/11/emojis-rapid-evolution.html">"Smile, You're Speaking EMOJI: The fast evolution of a wordless tongue"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_(magazine)" title="New York (magazine)">New York</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York&rft.atitle=Smile%2C+You%27re+Speaking+EMOJI%3A+The+fast+evolution+of+a+wordless+tongue&rft.date=2014-11-16&rft.au=Adam+Sternbergh&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnymag.com%2Fdaily%2Fintelligencer%2F2014%2F11%2Femojis-rapid-evolution.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATypeface" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Why_and_how_I_created_emoji-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Why_and_how_I_created_emoji_71-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKuritaakanoLee" class="citation web cs1">Kurita; akano; Lee. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160610220635/http://ignition.co/105">"Why and how I created emoji"</a>. <i>Ignition</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ignition.co/105">the original</a> on June 10, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 16,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ignition&rft.atitle=Why+and+how+I+created+emoji&rft.au=Kurita&rft.au=akano&rft.au=Lee&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fignition.co%2F105&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATypeface" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Meet_Shigetaka_Kurita,_the_Father_of_Emoji-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Meet_Shigetaka_Kurita,_the_Father_of_Emoji_72-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNegishi2014" class="citation news cs1">Negishi, Mayumi (26 March 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blogs.wsj.com/japanrealtime/2014/03/26/meet-shigetaka-kurita-the-father-of-emoji">"Meet Shigetaka Kurita, the Father of Emoji"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Wall_Street_Journal" class="mw-redirect" title="Wall Street Journal">Wall Street Journal</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 16,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=Meet+Shigetaka+Kurita%2C+the+Father+of+Emoji&rft.date=2014-03-26&rft.aulast=Negishi&rft.aufirst=Mayumi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblogs.wsj.com%2Fjapanrealtime%2F2014%2F03%2F26%2Fmeet-shigetaka-kurita-the-father-of-emoji&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATypeface" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Emoji_Additions:_Animals,_Compatibility,_and_More_Popular_Requests;_Emoji_tranche_5-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Emoji_Additions:_Animals,_Compatibility,_and_More_Popular_Requests;_Emoji_tranche_5_73-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2015/15054r4-emoji-tranche5.pdf">"Emoji Additions: Animals, Compatibility, and More Popular Requests; Emoji tranche 5"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Unicode<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 18,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Emoji+Additions%3A+Animals%2C+Compatibility%2C+and+More+Popular+Requests%3B+Emoji+tranche+5&rft.pub=Unicode&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unicode.org%2FL2%2FL2015%2F15054r4-emoji-tranche5.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATypeface" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://unicode.org/versions/Unicode8.0.0/">"Unicode 8.0.0"</a>. Unicode Consortium<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 17,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Unicode+8.0.0&rft.pub=Unicode+Consortium&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Funicode.org%2Fversions%2FUnicode8.0.0%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATypeface" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-How_to_(pretend_to)_be_young_and_down_with_the_internet-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-How_to_(pretend_to)_be_young_and_down_with_the_internet_75-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHern2015" class="citation web cs1">Hern, Alex (12 August 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2015/aug/12/how-to-be-young-internet-lol-facebook">"How to (pretend to) be young and down with the internet"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 15,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=How+to+%28pretend+to%29+be+young+and+down+with+the+internet&rft.date=2015-08-12&rft.aulast=Hern&rft.aufirst=Alex&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fcommentisfree%2F2015%2Faug%2F12%2Fhow-to-be-young-internet-lol-facebook&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATypeface" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_31_Most_Nail_Care_Emoji_Moments_Of_2014-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-The_31_Most_Nail_Care_Emoji_Moments_Of_2014_76-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJewell2014" class="citation web cs1">Jewell, Hannah (13 December 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.buzzfeed.com/hannahjewell/the-most-nail-care-emoji-moments-of-2014#.frpzwyGmAE">"The 31 Most Nail Care Emoji Moments Of 2014"</a>. <i>Buzzfeed</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 15,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Buzzfeed&rft.atitle=The+31+Most+Nail+Care+Emoji+Moments+Of+2014&rft.date=2014-12-13&rft.aulast=Jewell&rft.aufirst=Hannah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.buzzfeed.com%2Fhannahjewell%2Fthe-most-nail-care-emoji-moments-of-2014%23.frpzwyGmAE&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATypeface" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Five_Non-Negotiable_Best_Emojis_in_the_Land-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-The_Five_Non-Negotiable_Best_Emojis_in_the_Land_77-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSantosJones" class="citation web cs1">Santos; Jones. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160820011420/http://www.thewire.com/culture/2014/03/the-only-five-emojis-you-need/359646/">"The Five Non-Negotiable Best Emojis in the Land"</a>. <i>The Atlantic Wire</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thewire.com/culture/2014/03/the-only-five-emojis-you-need/359646/">the original</a> on August 20, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 15,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Atlantic+Wire&rft.atitle=The+Five+Non-Negotiable+Best+Emojis+in+the+Land&rft.au=Santos&rft.au=Jones&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thewire.com%2Fculture%2F2014%2F03%2Fthe-only-five-emojis-you-need%2F359646%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATypeface" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEl_Khoury2014" class="citation web cs1">El Khoury, Rita (December 11, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.androidpolice.com/2014/12/11/woohoo-animated-emoji-easter-eggs-make-overload-latest-hangouts-cuteness-hehehehe">"Woohoo! Animated Emoji Easter Eggs Overload The Latest Hangouts With Their Cuteness, Hehehehe"</a>. <i>Android Police</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 15,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Android+Police&rft.atitle=Woohoo%21+Animated+Emoji+Easter+Eggs+Overload+The+Latest+Hangouts+With+Their+Cuteness%2C+Hehehehe&rft.date=2014-12-11&rft.aulast=El+Khoury&rft.aufirst=Rita&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.androidpolice.com%2F2014%2F12%2F11%2Fwoohoo-animated-emoji-easter-eggs-make-overload-latest-hangouts-cuteness-hehehehe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATypeface" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pdfpiw.uspto.gov/.piw?PageNum=0&docid=D0000001&IDKey=F61340F43401&HomeUrl=http%3A%2F%2Fpatft.uspto.gov%2Fnetacgi%2Fnph-Parser%3FSect2%3DPTO1%2526Sect2%3DHITOFF%2526p%3D1%2526u%3D%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html%2526r%3D1%2526f%3DG%2526l%3D50%2526d%3DPALL%2526S1%3DD000001.PN.%2526OS%3DPN%2FD1%2526RS%3DPN%2FD1">"Patent #: US0D0000001"</a>. <i>United States Patent and Trademark Office</i>. November 9, 1842<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 23,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=United+States+Patent+and+Trademark+Office&rft.atitle=Patent+%23%3A+US0D0000001&rft.date=1842-11-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpdfpiw.uspto.gov%2F.piw%3FPageNum%3D0%26docid%3DD0000001%26IDKey%3DF61340F43401%26HomeUrl%3Dhttp%253A%252F%252Fpatft.uspto.gov%252Fnetacgi%252Fnph-Parser%253FSect2%253DPTO1%252526Sect2%253DHITOFF%252526p%253D1%252526u%253D%252Fnetahtml%252FPTO%252Fsearch-bool.html%252526r%253D1%252526f%253DG%252526l%253D50%252526d%253DPALL%252526S1%253DD000001.PN.%252526OS%253DPN%252FD1%252526RS%253DPN%252FD1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATypeface" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Typeface&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBringhurst2012" class="citation cs2">Bringhurst, Robert (2012), <i>The Elements of Typographic Style</i>, Hartley & Marks</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Elements+of+Typographic+Style&rft.pub=Hartley+%26+Marks&rft.date=2012&rft.aulast=Bringhurst&rft.aufirst=Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATypeface" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFButterick2014" class="citation cs2">Butterick, Matthew (2014), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.practicaltypography.com"><i>Butterick's Practical Typography</i></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Butterick%27s+Practical+Typography&rft.date=2014&rft.aulast=Butterick&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.practicaltypography.com&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATypeface" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGarfield2010" class="citation cs2">Garfield, Simon (2010), <i>Just My Type: A Book About Fonts</i>, Profile</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Just+My+Type%3A+A+Book+About+Fonts&rft.pub=Profile&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Garfield&rft.aufirst=Simon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATypeface" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Jaspert, W. P.; Berry, W. Turner; <a href="/wiki/Alfred_F._Johnson" title="Alfred F. Johnson">Johnson, A. F.</a> (1953, 1958, 1962, 1970, 1983, 1986, 1990, 1991, 1993, 2001, 2008). <i>The Encyclopedia of Typefaces</i>. London: Blandford Press.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPohlen2011" class="citation cs2">Pohlen, Joep (2011), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.letterfountain.com/index.html"><i>Letter Fountain</i></a>, Taschen</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Letter+Fountain&rft.pub=Taschen&rft.date=2011&rft.aulast=Pohlen&rft.aufirst=Joep&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.letterfountain.com%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATypeface" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Typeface&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Typefaces" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Typefaces">Typefaces</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/typeface" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:typeface">typeface</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGaskell1976" class="citation journal cs1">Gaskell, Philip (Winter 1976). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/10.1/nomenclature-of-the-letterforms-of-roman-type.pdf">"A Nomenclature for the Letterforms of Roman Type"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Visible_Language" title="Visible Language">Visible Language</a></i>. <b>10</b> (1): 41–51. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191223041800/https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/10.1/nomenclature-of-the-letterforms-of-roman-type.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 23 December 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Visible+Language&rft.atitle=A+Nomenclature+for+the+Letterforms+of+Roman+Type&rft.ssn=winter&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=41-51&rft.date=1976&rft.aulast=Gaskell&rft.aufirst=Philip&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fs3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com%2Fvisiblelanguage%2Fpdf%2F10.1%2Fnomenclature-of-the-letterforms-of-roman-type.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATypeface" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/LanstonMonotypeBordersOrnaments1940s">Monotype printed borders specimens</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Metric-compatible_fonts">ArchLinux list of Metric-compatible fonts</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.flickr.com/groups/cross-script-letterforms/">"Cross-Script Letterforms group"</a>. <i>Flickr</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Flickr&rft.atitle=Cross-Script+Letterforms+group&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.flickr.com%2Fgroups%2Fcross-script-letterforms%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATypeface" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Typography" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Typography" title="Template:Typography"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Typography" title="Template talk:Typography"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Typography" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Typography"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Typography" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Typography" title="Typography">Typography</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Page_(paper)" title="Page (paper)">Page</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canons_of_page_construction" title="Canons of page construction">Canons of page construction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Column_(typography)" title="Column (typography)">Column</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Even_working" title="Even working">Even working</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margin_(typography)" title="Margin (typography)">Margin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Page_numbering" title="Page numbering">Page numbering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paper_size" title="Paper size">Paper size</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pagination" title="Pagination">Pagination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pull_quote" title="Pull quote">Pull quote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recto_and_verso" title="Recto and verso">Recto and verso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intentionally_blank_page" title="Intentionally blank page">Intentionally blank page</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Paragraph" title="Paragraph">Paragraph</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Typographic_alignment" title="Typographic alignment">Alignment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leading" title="Leading">Leading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Line_length" title="Line length">Line length</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_(typography)" title="River (typography)">River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Runaround_(typography)" title="Runaround (typography)">Runaround</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Widows_and_orphans" title="Widows and orphans">Widows and orphans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Runt_(typography)" class="mw-redirect" title="Runt (typography)">runt</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Glyph" title="Glyph">Character</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/Typeface_anatomy" title="Typeface anatomy">Typeface anatomy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Counter_(typography)" title="Counter (typography)">Counter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diacritic" title="Diacritic">Diacritics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dingbat" title="Dingbat">Dingbat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glyph" title="Glyph">Glyph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ink_trap" title="Ink trap">Ink trap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ligature_(writing)" title="Ligature (writing)">Ligature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rotated_letter" title="Rotated letter">Rotation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subscript_and_superscript" title="Subscript and superscript">Subscript and superscript</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swash_(typography)" title="Swash (typography)">Swash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Text_figures" title="Text figures">Text figures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tittle" title="Tittle">Tittle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/Capitalization" title="Capitalization">Capitalization</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/All_caps" title="All caps">All caps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camel_case" title="Camel case">Camel case</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Initial" title="Initial">Initial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Letter_case" title="Letter case">Letter case</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_caps" title="Small caps">Small caps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snake_case" title="Snake case">Snake case</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_case" title="Title case">Title case</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/Emphasis_(typography)" title="Emphasis (typography)">Visual distinction</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blackboard_bold" title="Blackboard bold">Blackboard bold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emphasis_(typography)" title="Emphasis (typography)">Bold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Color_printing" title="Color printing">Color printing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italic_type" title="Italic type">Italics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oblique_type" title="Oblique type">Oblique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underscore" title="Underscore">Underline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitespace_character" title="Whitespace character">Whitespace</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Horizontal aspects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Figure_space" title="Figure space">Figure space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerning" title="Kerning">Kerning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Letter-spacing" class="mw-redirect" title="Letter-spacing">Letter-spacing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitch_(typewriter)" title="Pitch (typewriter)">Pitch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sentence_spacing" title="Sentence spacing">Sentence spacing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thin_space" title="Thin space">Thin space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Word_spacing" title="Word spacing">Word spacing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Vertical aspects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ascender_(typography)" title="Ascender (typography)">Ascender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baseline_(typography)" title="Baseline (typography)">Baseline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Body_height_(typography)" title="Body height (typography)">Body height</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cap_height" title="Cap height">Cap height</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Descender" title="Descender">Descender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mean_line" title="Mean line">Mean line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overshoot_(typography)" title="Overshoot (typography)">Overshoot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X-height" title="X-height">x-height</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Typeface<br /> classifications</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/Roman_type" title="Roman type">Roman type</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Serif" title="Serif">Serif</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antiqua_(typeface_class)" title="Antiqua (typeface class)">Antiqua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Didone_(typography)" title="Didone (typography)">Didone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slab_serif" title="Slab serif">slab serif</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sans-serif" title="Sans-serif">Sans-serif</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/Blackletter" title="Blackletter">Blackletter type</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fraktur" title="Fraktur">Fraktur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rotunda_(script)" title="Rotunda (script)">Rotunda</a></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Schwabacher" title="Schwabacher">Schwabacher</a></i></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/Gaelic_type" title="Gaelic type">Gaelic type</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Insular_script" title="Insular script">Insular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uncial_script" title="Uncial script">Uncial</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Specialist</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Record_type" title="Record type">Record type</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Display_typeface" title="Display typeface">Display typeface</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Script_typeface" title="Script typeface">script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fat_face" title="Fat face">fat face</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reverse-contrast_typefaces" title="Reverse-contrast typefaces">reverse-contrast</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Punctuation" title="Punctuation">Punctuation</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_typographical_symbols_and_punctuation_marks" title="List of typographical symbols and punctuation marks">List</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bullet_(typography)" title="Bullet (typography)">Bullet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dash" title="Dash">Dash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanging_punctuation" title="Hanging punctuation">Hanging punctuation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyphen" title="Hyphen">Hyphen</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hyphen-minus" title="Hyphen-minus">minus sign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interpunct" title="Interpunct">Interpunct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_(punctuation)" title="Space (punctuation)">Space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vertical_bar" title="Vertical bar">Vertical bar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Typesetting" title="Typesetting">Typesetting</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Etaoin_shrdlu" title="Etaoin shrdlu">Etaoin shrdlu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Font" title="Font">Font</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Computer_font" title="Computer font">computer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monospaced_font" title="Monospaced font">monospaced</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Font_catalog" title="Font catalog">Font catalog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/For_position_only" title="For position only">For position only</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Letterpress_printing" title="Letterpress printing">Letterpress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorem_ipsum" title="Lorem ipsum">Lorem ipsum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microprinting" title="Microprinting">Microprinting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microtypography" title="Microtypography">Microtypography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Movable_type" title="Movable type">Movable type</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pangram" title="Pangram">Pangram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phototypesetting" title="Phototypesetting">Phototypesetting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punchcutting" title="Punchcutting">Punchcutting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reversing_type" title="Reversing type">Reversing type</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sort_(typesetting)" title="Sort (typesetting)">Sort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Type_color" title="Type color">Type color</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Type_design" title="Type design">Type design</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Typeface</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_typefaces" title="List of typefaces">list</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Typographic_unit" title="Typographic unit">Typographic units</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agate_(typography)" title="Agate (typography)">Agate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cicero_(typography)" title="Cicero (typography)">Cicero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Em_(typography)" title="Em (typography)">Em</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/En_(typography)" title="En (typography)">En</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metric_typographic_units" title="Metric typographic units">Metric units</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pica_(typography)" title="Pica (typography)">Pica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Point_(typography)" title="Point (typography)">Point</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_point-size_names" title="Traditional point-size names">traditional point-size names</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twip" title="Twip">Twip</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Digital typography</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Character_encoding" title="Character encoding">Character encoding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Font_hinting" title="Font hinting">Hinting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Font_rasterization" title="Font rasterization">Rasterization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_typographic_features" title="List of typographic features">Typographic features</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_typography" title="Web typography">Web typography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9zier_curve#Fonts" title="Bézier curve">Bézier curves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desktop_publishing" title="Desktop publishing">Desktop publishing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Typography in other<br />writing systems</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arabic_typography" title="Arabic typography">Arabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_typography" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyrillic typography">Cyrillic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PT_Fonts" title="PT Fonts">PT Fonts</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_typography" title="East Asian typography">East Asian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_typography" title="Thai typography">Thai</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Fonts" title="National Fonts">National Fonts</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Penmanship" title="Penmanship">Penmanship</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Handwriting" title="Handwriting">Handwriting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handwriting_script" title="Handwriting script">Handwriting script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calligraphy" title="Calligraphy">Calligraphy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Style_guide" title="Style guide">Style guide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Type_design" title="Type design">Type design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Type_foundry" title="Type foundry">Type foundry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Western_typography" title="History of Western typography">History of Western typography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intellectual_property_protection_of_typefaces" title="Intellectual property protection of typefaces">Intellectual property protection of typefaces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technical_lettering" title="Technical lettering">Technical lettering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vox-ATypI_classification" title="Vox-ATypI classification">Vox-ATypI classification</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related template</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Navbox_punctuation" title="Template:Navbox punctuation">Punctuation and other typographic symbols</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Typography" title="Category:Typography">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17451#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/7663654-9">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="typografické písmo"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph116510&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="tisková písma"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph116455&CON_LNG=ENG">2</a></span></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Typeface&oldid=1258093189">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Typeface&oldid=1258093189</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Typefaces" title="Category:Typefaces">Typefaces</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Typography" title="Category:Typography">Typography</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Typesetting" title="Category:Typesetting">Typesetting</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_December_2014" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from December 2014">Articles with unsourced statements from December 2014</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_March_2013" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from March 2013">Articles with unsourced statements from March 2013</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_lacking_reliable_references" title="Category:All articles lacking reliable references">All articles lacking reliable references</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_lacking_reliable_references_from_February_2022" title="Category:Articles lacking reliable references from February 2022">Articles lacking reliable references from February 2022</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_December_2015" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from December 2015">Articles with unsourced statements from December 2015</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_German-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing German-language text">Articles containing German-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_references_from_July_2019" title="Category:Articles needing additional references from July 2019">Articles needing additional references from July 2019</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_additional_references" title="Category:All articles needing additional references">All articles needing additional references</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_excerpts" title="Category:Articles with excerpts">Articles with excerpts</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link is on Wikidata">Commons category link is on Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_video_clips" title="Category:Articles containing video clips">Articles containing video clips</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 18 November 2024, at 02:55<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Typeface&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-chdqs","wgBackendResponseTime":182,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.599","walltime":"1.979","ppvisitednodes":{"value":9963,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":203349,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":11315,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":16,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":34,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":293872,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1721.844 1 -total"," 29.81% 513.233 2 Template:Reflist"," 13.06% 224.920 49 Template:Cite_web"," 12.80% 220.353 1 Template:Columns-list"," 11.65% 200.596 22 Template:Annotated_link"," 10.64% 183.213 1 Template:Excerpt"," 7.25% 124.912 2 Template:Lang"," 6.65% 114.584 1 Template:Cite_encyclopedia"," 6.33% 108.930 1 Template:Intellectual_property"," 5.17% 88.948 1 Template:Short_description"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"1.030","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":18370912,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-profile":[["?","300","30.0"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","200","20.0"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::match","100","10.0"],["dataWrapper \u003Cmw.lua:672\u003E","80","8.0"],["recursiveClone \u003CmwInit.lua:45\u003E","80","8.0"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getExpensiveData","60","6.0"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::find","60","6.0"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getExpandedArgument","40","4.0"],["makeMessage \u003Cmw.message.lua:76\u003E","20","2.0"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::fetchLanguageNames","20","2.0"],["[others]","40","4.0"]]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-jfl4j","timestamp":"20241122141141","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Typeface","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Typeface","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q17451","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q17451","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2002-07-24T18:53:29Z","dateModified":"2024-11-18T02:55:01Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/4\/45\/A_Specimen_by_William_Caslon.jpg","headline":"set of glyphs that share common design features"}</script> </body> </html>