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Available in 21 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-21" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">21 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%83" title="ألان بولوك – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ألان بولوك" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8A%D0%BD_%D0%91%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Алън Бълок – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Алън Бълок" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Bullock" title="Alan Bullock – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Alan Bullock" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Bullock" title="Alan Bullock – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Alan Bullock" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Bullock" title="Alan Bullock – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Alan Bullock" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%86_%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%DA%A9" title="آلن بولاک – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آلن بولاک" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Bullock" title="Alan Bullock – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Alan Bullock" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Bullock" title="Alan Bullock – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Alan Bullock" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alanus_Bullock" title="Alanus Bullock – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Alanus Bullock" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%83" title="الان بولوك – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الان بولوك" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Bullock" title="Alan Bullock – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Alan Bullock" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%83%96%E3%83%AD%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF" title="アラン・ブロック – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アラン・ブロック" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Bullock" title="Alan Bullock – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Alan Bullock" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Bullock" title="Alan Bullock – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Alan Bullock" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Bullock" title="Alan Bullock – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Alan Bullock" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Bullock" title="Alan Bullock – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Alan Bullock" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Bullock" title="Alan Bullock – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Alan Bullock" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Bullock" title="Alan Bullock – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Alan Bullock" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Bullock" title="Alan Bullock – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Alan Bullock" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Алан Буллок – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Алан Буллок" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%89%BE%E5%80%AB%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E6%B4%9B%E5%85%8B" title="艾倫·布洛克 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="艾倫·布洛克" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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.hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the Scottish rugby player, see <a href="/wiki/Alan_Bulloch" title="Alan Bulloch">Alan Bulloch</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="honorific-prefix" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/The_Right_Honourable" title="The Right Honourable">The Right Honourable</a></div><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">The Lord Bullock</div><div class="honorific-suffix" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_British_Academy" title="Fellow of the British Academy">FBA</a></span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Sir_Alan_Bullock_in_1969.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Sir_Alan_Bullock_in_1969.jpg/220px-Sir_Alan_Bullock_in_1969.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="303" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/b/b4/Sir_Alan_Bullock_in_1969.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="236" data-file-height="325" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Bullock in 1969</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Vice-Chancellor_of_Oxford_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Vice-Chancellor of Oxford University">Vice-Chancellor of Oxford University</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1969–1973</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Turpin" title="Kenneth Turpin">Kenneth Turpin</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sir_John_Habakkuk" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir John Habakkuk">Sir John Habakkuk</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">1st <a href="/wiki/Master_of_St_Catherine%27s_College,_Oxford" class="mw-redirect" title="Master of St Catherine's College, Oxford">Master of St Catherine's College, Oxford</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1962–1981</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">13 December 1914<br /><a href="/wiki/Trowbridge" title="Trowbridge">Trowbridge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wiltshire" title="Wiltshire">Wiltshire</a>, <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">2 February 2004<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtend dday deathdate">2004-02-03</span>)</span> (aged 89)<br /><a href="/wiki/Oxford" title="Oxford">Oxford</a>, England</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data">Hilda Yates Handy ("Nibby") married 1 June 1940</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">Nicholas; Adrian; Clair; Rachel; Matthew.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parent(s)</th><td class="infobox-data">Frank Allen Bullock, Edith (Brand) Bullock</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Wadham_College,_Oxford" title="Wadham College, Oxford">Wadham College, Oxford</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Alan Louis Charles Bullock, Baron Bullock</b>, <span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_British_Academy" title="Fellow of the British Academy">FBA</a></span></span> (13 December 1914 – 2 February 2004) was a British historian. He is best known for his book <i><a href="/wiki/Hitler:_A_Study_in_Tyranny" title="Hitler: A Study in Tyranny">Hitler: A Study in Tyranny</a></i> (1952), the first comprehensive biography of <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a>, which influenced many other Hitler biographies. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_career">Early life and career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alan_Bullock&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bullock was born in <a href="/wiki/Trowbridge" title="Trowbridge">Trowbridge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wiltshire" title="Wiltshire">Wiltshire</a>, <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the only child of Edith (née Brand) and Reverend Frank Allen Bullock,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the latter a <a href="/wiki/Gardening" title="Gardening">gardener</a> turned <a href="/wiki/Unitarianism" title="Unitarianism">Unitarian</a> preacher.<sup id="cite_ref-NYTimes_obit_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTimes_obit-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Alan was educated at <a href="/wiki/Bradford_Grammar_School" title="Bradford Grammar School">Bradford Grammar School</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wadham_College,_Oxford" title="Wadham College, Oxford">Wadham College, Oxford</a>, where he studied <a href="/wiki/Classics" title="Classics">classics</a> and modern history.<sup id="cite_ref-WaPo_obit_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WaPo_obit-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After graduating in 1938, he worked as a research assistant for <a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a>, who was then writing his <i><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_English-Speaking_Peoples" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the English-Speaking Peoples">History of the English-Speaking Peoples</a>.</i><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bullock was a Harmsworth Senior Scholar at <a href="/wiki/Merton_College,_Oxford" title="Merton College, Oxford">Merton College, Oxford</a>, from 1938 to 1940.<sup id="cite_ref-MCreg_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MCreg-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, he worked for the European Service of the <a href="/wiki/British_Broadcasting_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="British Broadcasting Corporation">British Broadcasting Corporation</a> (BBC). After the war, he returned to Oxford as a history fellow at <a href="/wiki/New_College,_Oxford" title="New College, Oxford">New College</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Frankland_obit_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Frankland_obit-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bullock was the censor of St Catherine's Society (1952–1962) and then founding <a href="/wiki/Master_(college)" class="mw-redirect" title="Master (college)">master</a> of <a href="/wiki/St_Catherine%27s_College,_Oxford" title="St Catherine's College, Oxford">St Catherine's College, Oxford</a> (1962–1981),<sup id="cite_ref-Publications2003_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Publications2003-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-VCH_St_Catherine's_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VCH_St_Catherine's-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a college for undergraduates and graduates, divided between students of the sciences and the arts. He was credited with massive fundraising efforts to develop the college. Later, he was the first full-time <a href="/wiki/Vice-Chancellor" class="mw-redirect" title="Vice-Chancellor">Vice-Chancellor</a> of Oxford University (1969–1973).<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bullock served as chairman of the National Advisory Committee on the Training and Supply of Teachers (1963–1965), the Schools' Council (1966–1969), the Committee of Inquiry into Reading and the Use of English (1972–1974), and the Committee of Inquiry on Industrial Democracy (1976–1977).<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bullock became widely known to the general public when he appeared on the informational BBC radio program <i><a href="/wiki/The_Brains_Trust" title="The Brains Trust">The Brains Trust</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hitler:_A_Study_in_Tyranny"><i>Hitler: A Study in Tyranny</i></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alan_Bullock&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Hitler: A Study in Tyranny"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1952, Bullock published <i><a href="/wiki/Hitler:_A_Study_in_Tyranny" title="Hitler: A Study in Tyranny">Hitler: A Study in Tyranny</a></i>, the first comprehensive biography of <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a>, which used the recently available transcripts of the <a href="/wiki/Nuremberg_Trials" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuremberg Trials">Nuremberg Trials</a>, traditional resources, like letters, diaries, speeches and memoirs. The biography dominated Hitler scholarship for many years and portrayed the German dictator as an opportunistic <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Machtpolitiker</i></span> (power politician). In Bullock's opinion, Hitler was a <i><a href="/wiki/Charlatan" title="Charlatan">mountebank</a></i> and adventurer, devoid of scruples or beliefs, whose actions throughout his career were motivated only by a lust for power. Early in the book, Bullock writes the following about Hitler's formative pre-<a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a> years in Vienna when he was alone and struggling </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Such were the principles which Hitler drew from his years in Vienna. Hitler never trusted anyone; he never committed himself to anyone, never admitted any loyalty. His lack of scruple later took by surprise even those who prided themselves on their unscrupulousness. He learned to lie with conviction and dissemble with candour.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Bullock's interpretation of Hitler led to a debate in the 1950s with <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Trevor-Roper" title="Hugh Trevor-Roper">Hugh Trevor-Roper</a>, who argued that Hitler did possess beliefs, albeit repulsive ones and that his actions were motivated by them. Bullock was somewhat swayed by this debate and partially modified his assessment of Hitler. In his later writings, such as <i>Hitler and Stalin: Parallel Lives</i> (1991), Bullock depicted the dictator as more of an ideologue who had pursued the ideas expressed in <i><a href="/wiki/Mein_Kampf" title="Mein Kampf">Mein Kampf</a></i> and elsewhere despite their consequences.<sup id="cite_ref-NYTimes_obit_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTimes_obit-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>His work on the Hitler biography prompted Bullock to examine the role of the individual in history. Taking note of the shift in interest among professional historians towards <a href="/wiki/Social_history" title="Social history">social history</a>, he agreed that deep long-term social forces are generally the decisive historical factor. He believed there are times in which the "<a href="/wiki/Great_Man" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Man">Great Man</a>" is decisive. He wrote that during revolutionary circumstances, "It is possible for an individual to exert a powerful even a decisive influence on the way events develop and the policies that are followed".<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Hitler: A Study in Tyranny</i> has remained an important and relevant work. In 1991, <a href="/wiki/John_Campbell_(biographer)" title="John Campbell (biographer)">John Campbell</a> said of it: "Although written so soon after the end of the war and despite a steady flow of fresh evidence and reinterpretation, it has not been surpassed in nearly 40 years: an astonishing achievement".<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the obituary for Bullock in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>, Rebecca Smithers stated that "Bullock's famous maxim 'Hitler was jobbed into power by backstairs intrigue' has stood the test of time".<sup id="cite_ref-Smithers_obit_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smithers_obit-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_works">Other works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alan_Bullock&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Other works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bullock's other works included <i>The Liberal Tradition: From Fox to Keynes</i> (1956) (co-edited with <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Shock" title="Maurice Shock">Maurice Shock</a>), <i>The Forming of the Nation</i> (1969); <i>Is History Becoming a Social Science? The Case of Contemporary History</i> (1977); <i>Has History a Future?</i> (1977); <i>The Humanist Tradition in the West</i> (1985); <i>Meeting Teachers' Management Needs</i> (1988); <i>Great Lives of the Twentieth Century</i> (1989); and <i>The Life and Times of Ernest Bevin</i> (1960). The last was a three-volume biography of British <a href="/wiki/British_Labour_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="British Labour Party">Labour</a> Foreign Secretary <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Bevin" title="Ernest Bevin">Ernest Bevin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Robbins1996_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Robbins1996-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bullock was also co-editor (along with Oliver Stallybrass) of <i>The Harper Dictionary of Modern Thought</i> (1977), a project that Bullock suggested to his <a href="/wiki/Harper_(publisher)" title="Harper (publisher)">Harper & Row</a> publisher when he found he could not define the word "<a href="/wiki/Hermeneutics" title="Hermeneutics">hermeneutics</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the mid-1970s, Bullock used his committee skills to produce a report which proved influential in the classroom, <i><a href="/wiki/Bullock_Report_(A_Language_for_Life)" title="Bullock Report (A Language for Life)">A Language for Life</a></i> (1975).<sup id="cite_ref-Frankland_obit_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Frankland_obit-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Trahair1994_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Trahair1994-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It offered recommendations for improving English teaching in the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">UK</a>. Bullock later chaired the committee of inquiry on <a href="/wiki/Industrial_democracy" title="Industrial democracy">industrial democracy</a> commissioned in December 1975 by the second Labour government of <a href="/wiki/Harold_Wilson" title="Harold Wilson">Harold Wilson</a>. The committee's report, which was also known as the <a href="/wiki/Bullock_Report" class="mw-redirect" title="Bullock Report">Bullock Report</a>, published in 1977, recommended <a href="/wiki/Workers%27_control" title="Workers' control">workers' control</a> in large companies with employees having a right to hold representative worker directorships. </p><p>Bullock occasionally appeared on television as a political pundit, for example, during the <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a> coverage of the <a href="/wiki/1959_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1959 United Kingdom general election">1959 British general election</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hitler_and_Stalin:_Parallel_Lives"><i>Hitler and Stalin: Parallel Lives</i></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alan_Bullock&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Hitler and Stalin: Parallel Lives"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Late in his life, Bullock published <i><a href="/wiki/Hitler_and_Stalin:_Parallel_Lives" title="Hitler and Stalin: Parallel Lives">Hitler and Stalin: Parallel Lives</a></i> (1991) – a massive and consequential book which he characterized in the Introduction as "essentially a political biography, set against the background of the times in which they lived."<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He showed how the careers of Hitler and <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stalin" title="Joseph Stalin">Joseph Stalin</a> fed off each other to some extent. Bullock argued that Stalin's ability to consolidate power in his home country and to not (unlike Hitler) over-extend himself, enabled him to retain power longer than Hitler. Bullock's book was awarded the 1992 <a href="/wiki/Wolfson_History_Prize" title="Wolfson History Prize">Wolfson History Prize</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Spector" class="mw-redirect" title="Ronald Spector">Ronald Spector</a>, writing in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i>, praised Bullock for describing the development of <a href="/wiki/Nazism" title="Nazism">Nazism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Communism" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet Communism">Soviet Communism</a> without relying on abstract generalization or irrelevant detail: "The writing is invariably interesting and informed and there are new insights and cogent analysis in every chapter."<sup id="cite_ref-WaPo_obit_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WaPo_obit-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Amikam Nachmani noted how Hitler and Stalin "come out as two blood-thirsty, pathologically evil, sanguine tyrants, who are sure of the presence of determinism, hence having unshakeable beliefs that Destiny assigned on them historical missions—the one to pursue a social industrialized revolution in the Soviet Union, the other to turn Germany into a global empire."<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Honours">Honours</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alan_Bullock&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Honours"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bullock was decorated with the award of the Chevalier, Legion of Honour in 1970, and knighted in 1972, becoming <b>Sir Alan Bullock</b> and on 30 January 1976 he was created a <a href="/wiki/Life_peer" title="Life peer">life peer</a> as <b>Baron Bullock</b>, <i>of <a href="/wiki/Leafield" title="Leafield">Leafield</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Oxfordshire" title="Oxfordshire">County of Oxfordshire</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His writings always appeared under the name "Alan Bullock". </p><p>In May 1976, Bullock was awarded an honorary degree from the <a href="/wiki/Open_University" title="Open University">Open University</a> as Doctor of the university.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death">Death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alan_Bullock&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bullock died on 2 February 2004, in <a href="/wiki/Oxford" title="Oxford">Oxford</a>, England.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alan_Bullock&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Historiography_of_Adolf_Hitler" title="Historiography of Adolf Hitler">Historiography of Adolf Hitler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Adolf_Hitler_books" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Adolf Hitler books">List of Adolf Hitler books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_L._Shirer" title="William L. Shirer">William L. Shirer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Leo_Snyder" title="Louis Leo Snyder">Louis Leo Snyder</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alan_Bullock&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150910160635/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Alan-Bullock">"Alan Louis Charles Bullock biography – British historian"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Online" class="mw-redirect" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Online">Encyclopædia Britannica Online</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Alan-Bullock">the original</a> on 10 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 May</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Alan+Louis+Charles+Bullock+biography+%E2%80%93+British+historian&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica+Online&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FAlan-Bullock&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlan+Bullock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDickson" class="citation web cs1">Dickson, Peter. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thebritishacademy.ac.uk/documents/1672/153p125.pdf">"Alan Louis Charles Bullock, 1914–2004"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 February</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Alan+Louis+Charles+Bullock%2C+1914%E2%80%932004&rft.aulast=Dickson&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebritishacademy.ac.uk%2Fdocuments%2F1672%2F153p125.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlan+Bullock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYTimes_obit-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NYTimes_obit_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYTimes_obit_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSaxon2004" class="citation news cs1">Saxon, Wolfgang (5 February 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2004/02/05/world/alan-bullock-89-a-british-historian-who-wrote-a-life-of-hitler.html">"Alan Bullock, 89, a British Historian Who Wrote a Life of Hitler"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Alan+Bullock%2C+89%2C+a+British+Historian+Who+Wrote+a+Life+of+Hitler&rft.date=2004-02-05&rft.aulast=Saxon&rft.aufirst=Wolfgang&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2004%2F02%2F05%2Fworld%2Falan-bullock-89-a-british-historian-who-wrote-a-life-of-hitler.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlan+Bullock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WaPo_obit-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-WaPo_obit_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WaPo_obit_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBernstein2004" class="citation news cs1">Bernstein, Adam (4 February 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/2004/02/04/alan-bullock-historian-of-hitler-and-stalin-dies/9de38abb-e056-4b31-b408-e8f732d55734/">"Alan Bullock, Historian of Hitler and Stalin, Dies"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Alan+Bullock%2C+Historian+of+Hitler+and+Stalin%2C+Dies&rft.date=2004-02-04&rft.aulast=Bernstein&rft.aufirst=Adam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Farchive%2Flocal%2F2004%2F02%2F04%2Falan-bullock-historian-of-hitler-and-stalin-dies%2F9de38abb-e056-4b31-b408-e8f732d55734%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlan+Bullock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLough2015" class="citation book cs1">Lough, David (2015). <i>No More Champagne: Churchill and His Money</i>. New York: Picador. p. 285.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=No+More+Champagne%3A+Churchill+and+His+Money&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=285&rft.pub=Picador&rft.date=2015&rft.aulast=Lough&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlan+Bullock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MCreg-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MCreg_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLevens1964" class="citation book cs1">Levens, R.G.C., ed. (1964). <i>Merton College Register 1900–1964</i>. Oxford: Basil Blackwell. p. 289.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Merton+College+Register+1900%E2%80%931964&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=289&rft.pub=Basil+Blackwell&rft.date=1964&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlan+Bullock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Frankland_obit-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Frankland_obit_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Frankland_obit_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrankland2004" class="citation news cs1">Frankland, Mark (3 February 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/news/2004/feb/03/guardianobituaries.obituaries">"Lord Bullock of Leafield"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Lord+Bullock+of+Leafield&rft.date=2004-02-03&rft.aulast=Frankland&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fnews%2F2004%2Ffeb%2F03%2Fguardianobituaries.obituaries&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlan+Bullock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Publications2003-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Publications2003_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEuropa_Publications2003" class="citation book cs1">Europa Publications (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=neKm1X6YPY0C&pg=PA244"><i>The International Who's Who: 2004</i></a>. Psychology Press. p. 244. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85743-217-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85743-217-6"><bdi>978-1-85743-217-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+International+Who%27s+Who%3A+2004&rft.pages=244&rft.pub=Psychology+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-1-85743-217-6&rft.au=Europa+Publications&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DneKm1X6YPY0C%26pg%3DPA244&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlan+Bullock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-VCH_St_Catherine's-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-VCH_St_Catherine's_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/oxon/vol3/pp338-339">"St Catherine's Society"</a>. british-history.ac.uk<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.ox.ac.uk&rft.atitle=Previous+Vice-Chancellors+%7C+University+of+Oxford&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ox.ac.uk%2Fabout%2Forganisation%2Funiversity-officers%2Fvice-chancellor%2Fprevious-Vice-Chancellors&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlan+Bullock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.admin.ox.ac.uk/vc/position/previousvice-chancellors/">"Previous Vice-Chancellors"</a>. University of Oxford, UK<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 July</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Previous+Vice-Chancellors&rft.pub=University+of+Oxford%2C+UK&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.admin.ox.ac.uk%2Fvc%2Fposition%2Fpreviousvice-chancellors%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlan+Bullock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBullock1958" class="citation book cs1">Bullock, Alan (1958). <i>Hitler, A Study in Tyranny</i>. New York: Bantam Books. p. 10. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/58-11780">58-11780</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hitler%2C+A+Study+in+Tyranny&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=10&rft.pub=Bantam+Books&rft.date=1958&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F58-11780&rft.aulast=Bullock&rft.aufirst=Alan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlan+Bullock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bullock, Alan, <i>Hitler and Stalin: Parallel Lives</i> (1991), p. 976.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">John Campbell, 'The lesson of two evils', <i>The Times Saturday Review</i> (22 June 1991), p. 21.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Smithers_obit-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Smithers_obit_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmithers2004" class="citation news cs1">Smithers, Rebecca (3 February 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2004/feb/03/highereducation.books">"Bullock, visionary historian, dies aged 89"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Bullock%2C+visionary+historian%2C+dies+aged+89&rft.date=2004-02-03&rft.aulast=Smithers&rft.aufirst=Rebecca&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fuk%2F2004%2Ffeb%2F03%2Fhighereducation.books&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlan+Bullock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Robbins1996-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Robbins1996_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKeith_G._Robbins1996" class="citation book cs1">Keith G. Robbins (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Jck8Lm5oE3AC&pg=PA31"><i>A Bibliography of British History: 1914–1989</i></a>. Oxford University Press. p. 31. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-822496-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-822496-9"><bdi>978-0-19-822496-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Bibliography+of+British+History%3A+1914%E2%80%931989&rft.pages=31&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-19-822496-9&rft.au=Keith+G.+Robbins&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJck8Lm5oE3AC%26pg%3DPA31&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlan+Bullock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGentleman1999" class="citation news cs1">Gentleman, Amelia (22 July 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/uk/1999/jul/23/ameliagentleman">"Hermeneutic defence against dumbing down"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Hermeneutic+defence+against+dumbing+down&rft.date=1999-07-22&rft.aulast=Gentleman&rft.aufirst=Amelia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fuk%2F1999%2Fjul%2F23%2Fameliagentleman&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlan+Bullock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Trahair1994-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Trahair1994_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFR._C._S._Trahair1994" class="citation book cs1">R. C. S. Trahair (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=K0zrsHO27-wC&pg=PA93"><i>From Aristotelian to Reaganomics: A Dictionary of Eponyms With Biographies in the Social Sciences</i></a>. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 93. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-27961-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-27961-4"><bdi>978-0-313-27961-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+Aristotelian+to+Reaganomics%3A+A+Dictionary+of+Eponyms+With+Biographies+in+the+Social+Sciences&rft.pages=93&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-313-27961-4&rft.au=R.+C.+S.+Trahair&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DK0zrsHO27-wC%26pg%3DPA93&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlan+Bullock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K7IOe0hG5E8"><span class="plainlinks">BBC 1959 General Election Coverage Part 3</span></a> on <a href="/wiki/YouTube_video_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="YouTube video (identifier)">YouTube</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Alan Bullock, <i>Hitler and Stalin: Parallel Lives</i> (London: HarperCollins, 1991; New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1991; second revised edition, New York: Vintage Books, 1993.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nachmani, p. 783.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/46815/page/1679">"State Intelligence"</a>. <i>The London Gazette</i>. No. 46815. 3 February 1976. p. 1679.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+London+Gazette&rft.atitle=State+Intelligence&rft.issue=46815&rft.pages=1679&rft.date=1976-02-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegazette.co.uk%2FLondon%2Fissue%2F46815%2Fpage%2F1679&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlan+Bullock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141012182645/http://www.open.ac.uk/students/ceremonies/files/ceremonies/file/Honorary%20graduate%20cumulative%20list.pdf">"Honorary Graduate Cumulative List"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Open University. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.open.ac.uk/students/ceremonies/files/ceremonies/file/Honorary%20graduate%20cumulative%20list.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 12 October 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 October</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Honorary+Graduate+Cumulative+List&rft.pub=Open+University&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.open.ac.uk%2Fstudents%2Fceremonies%2Ffiles%2Fceremonies%2Ffile%2FHonorary%2520graduate%2520cumulative%2520list.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlan+Bullock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alan_Bullock&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Caston, Geoffrey. "Alan Bullock: historian, social democrat and chairman." <i>Oxford Review of Education</i> 32.1 (2006): 87–103.</li> <li>Nachmani, Amikam. "Alan Bullock, 1914–2004: 'I Only Write Enormous Books'." <i>Diplomacy and Statecraft</i> 16.4 (2005): 779–786 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/09592290500332210">online</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ron_Rosenbaum" title="Ron Rosenbaum">Rosenbaum, Ron</a>, <i>Explaining Hitler: The Search for the Origins of His Evil</i>, New York: <a href="/wiki/Random_House" title="Random House">Random House</a>, 1998. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-679-43151-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-679-43151-9">0-679-43151-9</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Primary_sources">Primary sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alan_Bullock&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Primary sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Bullock, Alan. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/hitlerstudyintyr00bull_0">Hitler, A Study in Tyranny</a></i> (Abridged edition 1971)</li> <li>Bullock, Alan. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/hitlerstalinpara00bull">Hitler and Stalin: Parallel Lives</a></i> (1991)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alan_Bullock&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archives.ucl.ac.uk/CalmView/Record.aspx?src=CalmView.Catalog&id=BUL">Records of the Committee of Inquiry into Reading and the Use of English</a> at <a href="/wiki/University_College_London" title="University College London">University College London</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #DAA520;">Academic offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold">None</div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Master_(college)" class="mw-redirect" title="Master (college)">Master</a> of <a href="/wiki/St_Catherine%27s_College,_Oxford" title="St Catherine's College, Oxford">St Catherine's College, Oxford</a> </b><br />1962–1981 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Sir_Patrick_Nairne" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Patrick Nairne">Sir Patrick Nairne</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Turpin" title="Kenneth Turpin">Kenneth Turpin</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Vice-Chancellor_of_Oxford_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Vice-Chancellor of Oxford University">Vice-Chancellor of Oxford University</a> </b><br />1969–1973 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/John_Habakkuk" title="John Habakkuk">Sir John Habakkuk</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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href="/wiki/Michael_Howard_(historian)" title="Michael Howard (historian)">Michael Howard</a> / <a href="/wiki/Keith_Thomas_(historian)" title="Keith Thomas (historian)">Keith Thomas</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._L._Warren" title="W. L. Warren">W. L. Warren</a> / <a href="/wiki/Frances_Yates" title="Frances Yates">Frances Yates</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moses_Finley" title="Moses Finley">Moses Finley</a> / <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Zeldin" title="Theodore Zeldin">Theodore Zeldin</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Donaldson" title="Frances Donaldson">Frances Donaldson</a> / <a href="/wiki/Olwen_Hufton" title="Olwen Hufton">Olwen Hufton</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolaus_Pevsner" title="Nikolaus Pevsner">Nikolaus Pevsner</a> / <a href="/wiki/Norman_Stone" title="Norman Stone">Norman Stone</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denis_Mack_Smith" title="Denis Mack Smith">Denis Mack Smith</a> / <a href="/wiki/Simon_Schama" title="Simon Schama">Simon Schama</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alistair_Horne" title="Alistair Horne">Alistair Horne</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Cobb" title="Richard Cobb">Richard Cobb</a> / <a href="/wiki/Quentin_Skinner" title="Quentin Skinner">Quentin Skinner</a> / <a href="/wiki/Mary_Soames" title="Mary Soames">Mary Soames</a> (1979)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1980s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/R._J._W._Evans" title="R. J. W. Evans">R. J. W. Evans</a> / <a href="/wiki/F._S._L._Lyons" title="F. S. L. Lyons">F. S. L. Lyons</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._W._Burrow" title="J. W. Burrow">J. W. Burrow</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_McManners" title="John McManners">John McManners</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Gilbert" title="Martin Gilbert">Martin Gilbert</a> / <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Rose" title="Kenneth Rose">Kenneth Rose</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonia_Fraser" title="Antonia Fraser">Antonia Fraser</a> / <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Keen" title="Maurice Keen">Maurice Keen</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Davenport-Hines" title="Richard Davenport-Hines">Richard Davenport-Hines</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Grigg" title="John Grigg">John Grigg</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._H._Elliott" title="J. H. Elliott">J. H. Elliott</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Israel" title="Jonathan Israel">Jonathan Israel</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rees_Davies" title="Rees Davies">Rees Davies</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Pemble&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Pemble (page does not exist)">John Pemble</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolfson_History_Prize#Notes" title="Wolfson History Prize"><i>no award</i></a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_J._Evans" title="Richard J. Evans">Richard Evans</a> / <a href="/wiki/Paul_Kennedy" title="Paul Kennedy">Paul Kennedy</a> (1989)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Richard_A._Fletcher" title="Richard A. Fletcher">Richard A. Fletcher</a> / <a href="/wiki/Donald_Cameron_Watt" title="Donald Cameron Watt">Donald Cameron Watt</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colin_Platt" title="Colin Platt">Colin Platt</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Bossy" title="John Bossy">John Bossy</a> / <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Alan Bullock</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linda_Colley" title="Linda Colley">Linda Colley</a> / <a href="/wiki/Robert_Skidelsky" title="Robert Skidelsky">Robert Skidelsky</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bartlett_(historian)" title="Robert Bartlett (historian)">Robert Bartlett</a> / <a href="/wiki/Barbara_Harvey" title="Barbara Harvey">Barbara Harvey</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiona_MacCarthy" title="Fiona MacCarthy">Fiona MacCarthy</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_C._G._R%C3%B6hl" title="John C. G. Röhl">John C. G. Röhl</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colin_Matthew" title="Colin Matthew">H. C. G. Matthew</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orlando_Figes" title="Orlando Figes">Orlando Figes</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Brewer_(historian)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Brewer (historian) (page does not exist)">John Brewer</a> / <a href="/wiki/Patricia_Hollis,_Baroness_Hollis_of_Heigham" title="Patricia Hollis, Baroness Hollis of Heigham">Patricia Hollis</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antony_Beevor" title="Antony Beevor">Antony Beevor</a> / <a href="/wiki/Amanda_Vickery" title="Amanda Vickery">Amanda Vickery</a> (1999)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joanna_Bourke" title="Joanna Bourke">Joanna Bourke</a> / <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Roberts,_Baron_Roberts_of_Belgravia" title="Andrew Roberts, Baron Roberts of Belgravia">Andrew Roberts</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ian_Kershaw" title="Ian Kershaw">Ian Kershaw</a> / <a href="/wiki/Mark_Mazower" title="Mark Mazower">Mark Mazower</a> / <a href="/wiki/Roy_Porter" title="Roy Porter">Roy Porter</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barry_Cunliffe" title="Barry Cunliffe">Barry Cunliffe</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jerry_White_(historian)" title="Jerry White (historian)">Jerry White</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Dalrymple" title="William Dalrymple">William Dalrymple</a> / <a href="/wiki/Robert_Gildea" title="Robert Gildea">Robert Gildea</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Harris" title="Frances Harris">Frances Harris</a> / <a href="/wiki/Julian_Jackson_(historian)" title="Julian Jackson (historian)">Julian Jackson</a> / <a href="/wiki/Diarmaid_MacCulloch" title="Diarmaid MacCulloch">Diarmaid MacCulloch</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Overy" title="Richard Overy">Richard Overy</a> / <a href="/wiki/David_Reynolds_(historian)" title="David Reynolds (historian)">David Reynolds</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evelyn_Welch" title="Evelyn Welch">Evelyn Welch</a> / <a href="/wiki/Chris_Wickham" title="Chris Wickham">Chris Wickham</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Clark" title="Christopher Clark">Christopher Clark</a> / <a href="/wiki/Vic_Gatrell" title="Vic Gatrell">Vic Gatrell</a> / <a href="/wiki/Adam_Tooze" title="Adam Tooze">Adam Tooze</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Darwin_(historian)" title="John Darwin (historian)">John Darwin</a> / <a href="/wiki/Rosemary_Hill" title="Rosemary Hill">Rosemary Hill</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Beard_(classicist)" title="Mary Beard (classicist)">Mary Beard</a> / <a href="/wiki/Margaret_M._McGowan" title="Margaret M. McGowan">Margaret M. McGowan</a> (2009)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2010s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dominic_Lieven" title="Dominic Lieven">Dominic Lieven</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Sumption,_Lord_Sumption" title="Jonathan Sumption, Lord Sumption">Jonathan Sumption</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Harris_(historian)" title="Ruth Harris (historian)">Ruth Harris</a> / <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Thomas_(anthropologist)" title="Nicholas Thomas (anthropologist)">Nicholas Thomas</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susie_Harries" title="Susie Harries">Susie Harries</a> / <a href="/wiki/Alexandra_Walsham" title="Alexandra Walsham">Alexandra Walsham</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Brigden" title="Susan Brigden">Susan Brigden</a> / <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Duggan" title="Christopher Duggan">Christopher Duggan</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprian_Broodbank" title="Cyprian Broodbank">Cyprian Broodbank</a> / <a href="/wiki/Catherine_Merridale" title="Catherine Merridale">Catherine Merridale</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Vinen" title="Richard Vinen">Richard Vinen</a> / <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Watson_(historian)" title="Alexander Watson (historian)">Alexander Watson</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robin_Lane_Fox" title="Robin Lane Fox">Robin Lane Fox</a> / <a href="/wiki/Nikolaus_Wachsmann" title="Nikolaus Wachsmann">Nikolaus Wachsmann</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_de_Hamel" title="Christopher de Hamel">Christopher de Hamel</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Marshall_(historian)" title="Peter Marshall (historian)">Peter Marshall</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Fulbrook" title="Mary Fulbrook">Mary Fulbrook</a> (2019)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2020s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/David_Abulafia" title="David Abulafia">David Abulafia</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudhir_Hazareesingh" title="Sudhir Hazareesingh">Sudhir Hazareesingh</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clare_Jackson" title="Clare Jackson">Clare Jackson</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halik_Kochanski" title="Halik Kochanski">Halik Kochanski</a> (2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q335167#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata3294" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q335167#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata3294" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q335167#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000114532698">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/100225455">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1956451/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJbtk9JwVhh49kFxTCm68C">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118184490">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n50045577">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb118945106">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb118945106">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00924963">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Bullock, Alan <1914-2004>"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/CFIV026321">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35781155">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jn19981000363&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1158673">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p067985424">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90097416">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000036448&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000005577&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=108298">Greece</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC200702686">Korea</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/rp369v29286x59z">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810638789605606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007259381705171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058517899206706">Catalonia</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA01115915?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1084331">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.parliament.uk/YnWtRBI1">UK Parliament</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/118184490.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118184490">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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