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style="display:none">American historian (1904–1996)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div style="display:inline;" class="fn">Benjamin Arthur Quarles</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Born</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">January 23, 1904<br /><a href="/wiki/Boston,_Massachusetts" class="mw-redirect" title="Boston, Massachusetts">Boston, Massachusetts</a>. U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Died</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">November 16, 1996<span style="display:none">(1996-11-16)</span> (aged 92)<br /><a href="/wiki/Baltimore,_Maryland" class="mw-redirect" title="Baltimore, Maryland">Baltimore, Maryland</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data role" style="line-height:1.4em;">History professor</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Education</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">B.A.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Master_of_Arts" title="Master of Arts">M.A.</a>, <a href="/wiki/PhD" class="mw-redirect" title="PhD">PhD</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Shaw_University" title="Shaw University">Shaw University</a><br /><a href="/wiki/University_of_Wisconsin%E2%80%93Madison" title="University of Wisconsin–Madison">University of Wisconsin–Madison</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Notable works</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><i>The Negro in the Making of America</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Notable awards</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Rosenwald_Fellowship" class="mw-redirect" title="Rosenwald Fellowship">Rosenwald Fellowship</a> (1938, 1945),<br /> <a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Carnegie Corporation">Carnegie Corporation</a> Advancement Teaching Fellowship (1944),<br /><a href="/wiki/Social_Science_Research_Council" title="Social Science Research Council">Social Science Research Council</a> Fellowship (1957),<br /> <a href="/wiki/Guggenheim_Fellowship" title="Guggenheim Fellowship">Guggenheim Fellowship</a> (1959),<br /><a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Institution" title="Smithsonian Institution">Smithsonian Institution</a>'s <a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_American_History" title="National Museum of American History">National Museum of American History</a> Lifetime Achievement Award (1996)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">Vera Bullock (1951) <br /> Ruth Brett (1996)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Children</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">Pamela Quarles <br /> Roberta Quarles</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Benjamin Arthur Quarles</b> (January 23, 1904 – November 16, 1996) was an American historian, administrator, educator, and writer, whose scholarship centered on <a href="/wiki/Black_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Black American">black American</a> social and political history. Major books by Quarles include <i>The Negro in the Civil War</i> (1953), <i>The Negro in the American Revolution</i> (1961), <i>Lincoln and the Negro</i> (1962), and <i>Black Abolitionists</i> (1969). He demonstrated that blacks were active participants in major conflicts and issues of American history. His books were narrative accounts of critical wartime periods that focused on how blacks interacted with their white allies and emphasized blacks' acting as vital agents of change rather than receiving favors from whites.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benjamin_Arthur_Quarles&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Quarles was born in <a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a>, <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a>, in 1904. His parents were Margaret (O'Brien), a homemaker, and Arthur Benedict Quarles, a subway porter.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a boy, Benjamin went to local public schools. </p><p>In his twenties, Quarles enrolled at <a href="/wiki/Shaw_University" title="Shaw University">Shaw University</a>, the first <a href="/wiki/Historically_black_college" class="mw-redirect" title="Historically black college">historically black college</a> in the South, in <a href="/wiki/Raleigh,_North_Carolina" title="Raleigh, North Carolina">Raleigh, North Carolina</a>, and received his B.A. degree in 1931. He earned his M.A. degree from the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Wisconsin%E2%80%93Madison" title="University of Wisconsin–Madison">University of Wisconsin–Madison</a> in 1933, and Ph.D. from there in 1940. Initially he faced resistance for wanting to write <a href="/wiki/African-American_history" title="African-American history">Black history</a>, but finally received support for his goal. He learned his writing style from Professor <a href="/wiki/William_B._Hesseltine" title="William B. Hesseltine">William B. Hesseltine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He returned to Shaw, working as an instructor of history (1935–39). He next taught at <a href="/wiki/Dillard_University" title="Dillard University">Dillard University</a> (1939–1953) in <a href="/wiki/New_Orleans" title="New Orleans">New Orleans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a>. There he became a full professor and also served as dean. His last appointment was as professor of history and chair of the department at <a href="/wiki/Morgan_State_University" title="Morgan State University">Morgan State University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baltimore" title="Baltimore">Baltimore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">Maryland</a> (1953–1974). After Quarles's official retirement in 1969, he was awarded professor <i>emeritus</i> status and kept teaching for several years. </p><p>Quarles was an active member of many political and historical organizations, such as Project Advisory Committee on Black Congress Members, the committee to oversee the founding of the Amistad Center at <a href="/wiki/Tulane_University" title="Tulane University">Tulane University</a>, the Department of the Army Historical Advisory Committee, and the American Council of Learned Societies. He was one of the few men in the profession who openly supported the founding of the <a href="/wiki/Association_of_Black_Women_Historians" title="Association of Black Women Historians">Association of Black Women Historians</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Author">Author</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benjamin_Arthur_Quarles&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Author"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A prolific writer, Benjamin Quarles published 10 books, 23 articles, and hundreds of shorter pieces of various sorts. In his writings, he focused on exploring in detail the contributions made by the black soldiers and abolitionists of the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">American Revolutionary War</a> (1775–1783), and the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a> (1861–1865). His essays in the <i>Mississippi Valley Historical Review</i> in 1945 and 1959 were the first from a Black historian to be published in a major historical journal. </p><p>His books include: </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Douglass" title="Frederick Douglass">Frederick Douglass</a></i> (1948) (published dissertation)</li> <li><i>The Negro in the Civil War</i> (1953)</li> <li><i>The Negro in the American Revolution</i> (1961)</li> <li><i>Lincoln and the Negro</i> (1962)</li> <li><i>The Negro in the Making of America</i> (3rd edition, "revised, updated, and expanded", 1987) [1964]</li> <li><i>Frederick Douglass</i>, edited by Benjamin Quarles (1968) (Great Lives Observed)</li> <li><i>Black Abolitionists</i> (1969)</li> <li><i>Blacks on <a href="/wiki/John_Brown_(abolitionist)" title="John Brown (abolitionist)">John Brown</a></i>, edited by Banjamin Quarles (1972)</li> <li><i>Allies for Freedom: Blacks and John Brown</i> (1974)<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Black Mosaic: Essays in Afro-American History and Historiography</i> (1988)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy_and_honors">Legacy and honors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benjamin_Arthur_Quarles&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Legacy and honors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Quarles died in 1996 of a <a href="/wiki/Heart_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="Heart attack">heart attack</a> at the age of 92.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>1988: Publishes <i>Black Mosaic: Essays in Afro-American History and Historiography</i>. Received <a href="/wiki/American_Historical_Association" title="American Historical Association">American Historical Association</a>'s Senior Historian Scholarly Distinction Award.</li> <li>1988: Morgan State University dedicated The Benjamin A. Quarles African-American Studies Room in the university library, as a repository for his books, manuscripts, and memorabilia.</li> <li>1996: Receives the <a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Institution" title="Smithsonian Institution">Smithsonian Institution</a>'s <a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_American_History" title="National Museum of American History">National Museum of American History</a> Lifetime Achievement Award</li> <li>2013: Quarles was inducted into the <a href="/wiki/Great_Blacks_in_Wax_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Blacks in Wax Museum">Great Blacks in Wax Museum</a>, Inc. in Baltimore.</li> <li>Dr. Benjamin Quarles Place, a short downtown residential street just west of Martin Luther King Jr. Blvd. in Baltimore is named after Quarles.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benjamin_Arthur_Quarles&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">August Meier, "Benjamin Quarles and the Historiography of Black America", <i>Civil War History</i>, June 1980, Vol. 26, #2, pp. 101–116.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Scribner Encyclopedia of American Lives</i>, Volume 4: 1994–1996, Charles Scribner's Sons, 2001.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Chronology of the Life & Career of Benjamin Arthur Quarles", <i>Chickenbones: A Journal for Literary & Artistic African-American Themes</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">This book and the 1972 book were issued in 2001 under one cover as <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6HnRswEACAAJ&q=allies+for+freedom+blacks+on+john+brown"><i>Allies For Freedom & Blacks On John Brown</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMcCardell2007" class="citation news cs1">McCardell, Paul (February 1, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.baltimoresun.com/features/bal-blackhistory-quarles-story.html">"Benjamin A. Quarles"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Baltimore_Sun" title="The Baltimore Sun">The Baltimore Sun</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Baltimore+Sun&rft.atitle=Benjamin+A.+Quarles&rft.date=2007-02-01&rft.aulast=McCardell&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.baltimoresun.com%2Ffeatures%2Fbal-blackhistory-quarles-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenjamin+Arthur+Quarles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benjamin_Arthur_Quarles&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.blackpast.org/?q=aah/quarles-benjamin-1904-1996">"Quarles, Benjamin A. (1904-1996)"</a>, <i>BlackPast.org</i>. Retrieved 2007-04-15.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070208174944/http://www.aaregistry.com/african_american_history/703/Dedicated_historian_Benjamin_Quarles">"Dedicated historian, Benjamin Quarles"</a>, <i>The African American Registry</i>. Retrieved 2007-04-15.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1157/is_n1_v60/ai_19423362">"Benjamin A. Quarles, January 23, 1904–November 16, 1996"</a>, specialist in African American history, and a mentor, a respected teacher who received many honors - reprinted from a tribute – Obituary]. Retrieved 2007-04-15.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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