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<li id="toc-Ancient_and_medieval_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ancient_and_medieval_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Ancient and medieval period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ancient_and_medieval_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-British_colonial_period_(1818-1947)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#British_colonial_period_(1818-1947)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>British colonial period (1818-1947)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-British_colonial_period_(1818-1947)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post-independence_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-independence_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Post-independence period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post-independence_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Marathi_Rangabhoomi_Din" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Marathi_Rangabhoomi_Din"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Marathi Rangabhoomi Din</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Marathi_Rangabhoomi_Din-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div 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screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Maharashtra" title="Category:Maharashtra">a series</a> on the</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa"><span class="wraplinks"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Maharashtra" title="Culture of Maharashtra">Culture of Maharashtra</a></span></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image photo"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_Maharashtra.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Seal_of_Maharashtra.svg/80px-Seal_of_Maharashtra.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Seal_of_Maharashtra.svg/120px-Seal_of_Maharashtra.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Seal_of_Maharashtra.svg/160px-Seal_of_Maharashtra.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Maharashtra" title="History of Maharashtra">History</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Maharashtra" title="History of Maharashtra">History of Maharashtra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Aurangabad,_Maharashtra" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Aurangabad, Maharashtra">Aurangabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Mumbai" title="History of Mumbai">Mumbai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Nagpur" title="History of Nagpur">Nagpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Nashik" title="History of Nashik">Nashik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Pune" title="History of Pune">Pune</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Marathi_people" title="Marathi people">People</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marathi_people" title="Marathi people">Marathi people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Marathi_people" title="List of Marathi people">List of Marathi people</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Marathi_language" title="Marathi language">Languages</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marathi_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Marathi alphabet">Script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marathi_dialects" class="mw-redirect" title="Marathi dialects">Dialects</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marathi_vocabulary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marathi vocabulary (page does not exist)"> Vocabulary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marathi_grammar" title="Marathi grammar">Grammar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marathi_language_movement&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marathi language movement (page does not exist)">Marathi language movement</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Traditions</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marathi_wedding&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marathi wedding (page does not exist)">Marathi wedding</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marathi_Hindu_wedding&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marathi Hindu wedding (page does not exist)">Marathi Hindu wedding</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Mythology</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content">Myths<br /> Lores<br /></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Marathi_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Marathi cuisine">Cuisine</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marathi_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Marathi cuisine">Marathi cuisine</a></li></ul> <p>Rice </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basmati" title="Basmati">Basmati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khichdi" class="mw-redirect" title="Khichdi">Khichdi</a></li></ul> <p>Bread </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Luchi" title="Luchi">Luchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bakarkhani" title="Bakarkhani">Bakarkhani</a></li></ul> <p>Fish </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muri_ghanto" class="mw-redirect" title="Muri ghanto">Muri ghanto</a></li></ul> <p>Sweets </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shrikhand" title="Shrikhand">Shrikhand</a></li></ul> <p>Snacks </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pohe" class="mw-redirect" title="Pohe">Pohe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khichadi" class="mw-redirect" title="Khichadi">Khichadi</a></li> <li>Sauce</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raita" title="Raita">Raita</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-size:105%;line-height:1.6;"> <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Maharashtra" title="Religion in Maharashtra">Religion</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Art</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maharashtra_School_of_Art&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maharashtra School of Art (page does not exist)">Maharashtra School of Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalighat_painting" title="Kalighat painting">Kalighat painting</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Marathi_literature" title="Marathi literature">Literature</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content">Genres <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marathi_poetry" title="Marathi poetry">Poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marathi_Novels&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marathi Novels (page does not exist)">Novels</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marathi_science_fiction&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marathi science fiction (page does not exist)">Science fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marathi_folk_literature&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marathi folk literature (page does not exist)">Folk literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarja_(folk_poetry_contest)" title="Tarja (folk poetry contest)">Tarja</a></li></ul> <p>Institutions </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marathi_literary_institutions&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marathi literary institutions (page does not exist)">Literary institutions</a></li></ul> <p>Awards </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marathi_literary_awards&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marathi literary awards (page does not exist)">Literary awards</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Maharashtra" title="Music of Maharashtra">Music</a> and performing arts</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><u>MUSIC</u> <p>Folk genres Devotional Classical genres </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kirana_gharana" title="Kirana gharana">Kirana gharana</a></li></ul> <p>Modern genres People Instruments <u>DANCE</u> <u>THEATER</u> Genres </p><p>Organizations </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_People%27s_Theatre_Association" title="Indian People's Theatre Association">Indian People's Theatre Association</a></li></ul> People</div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Media_in_Maharashtra" class="mw-redirect" title="Media in Maharashtra">Media</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Maharashtra" class="mw-redirect" title="Cinema of Maharashtra">Cinema</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Maharashtra" class="mw-redirect" title="Sport in Maharashtra">Sport</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kabaddi" title="Kabaddi">Kabaddi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lathi_Khela" class="mw-redirect" title="Lathi Khela">Lathi Khela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaturanga" title="Chaturanga">Chaturaṅga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kho_kho" title="Kho kho">Kho kho</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-size:105%;line-height:1.6;"> <a href="/wiki/Symbols_of_Maharashtra" class="mw-redirect" title="Symbols of Maharashtra">Symbols</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Culture_of_Maharashtra" title="Template:Culture of Maharashtra"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Culture_of_Maharashtra" title="Template talk:Culture of Maharashtra"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Culture_of_Maharashtra" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Culture of Maharashtra"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Marathi theatre</b> is theatre in the <a href="/wiki/Marathi_language" title="Marathi language">Marathi language</a>, mostly originating or based in the state of <a href="/wiki/Maharashtra" title="Maharashtra">Maharashtra</a> in India, and elsewhere with <a href="/wiki/Marathi_people" title="Marathi people">Marathi</a> <a href="/wiki/Non-resident_Indian_and_person_of_Indian_origin" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-resident Indian and person of Indian origin">diaspora</a>. Starting in the middle of the 19th century, it flourished in the 1950s and 1960s. Today, it continues to have a marked presence in the State of <a href="/wiki/Maharashtra" title="Maharashtra">Maharashtra</a> with a loyal audience base, when most theatre in other parts of India have had tough time facing the onslaught of cinema and television. Its repertoire ranges from musicals, humorous social plays, <a href="/wiki/Farce" title="Farce">farces</a>, historical plays like 'Vedat Marathe Veer Daudale Saat'<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> by <a href="/wiki/Bashir_Momin_Kavathekar" title="Bashir Momin Kavathekar">Bashir Momin Kavathekar</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to experimental plays and serious drama of the 1970s onwards, by <a href="/wiki/Vijay_Tendulkar" title="Vijay Tendulkar">Vijay Tendulkar</a>, <a href="/wiki/P._L._Deshpande" class="mw-redirect" title="P. L. Deshpande">P. L. Deshpande</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mahesh_Elkunchwar" title="Mahesh Elkunchwar">Mahesh Elkunchwar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Satish_Alekar" title="Satish Alekar">Satish Alekar</a>, which have influenced theatre throughout India.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the post-<a href="/wiki/Independence_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Independence of India">independence era</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bengali_theatre" title="Bengali theatre">Bengali theatre</a>, and Marathi theatre have been at the forefront of innovations and significant <a href="/wiki/Dramaturgy" title="Dramaturgy">dramaturgy</a> in <a href="/wiki/Indian_theatre" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian theatre">Indian theatre</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-RubinPong2001_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RubinPong2001-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marathi_theatre&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ancient_and_medieval_period">Ancient and medieval period</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marathi_theatre&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Ancient and medieval period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The region of Maharashtra, has had long theatrical tradition, one of the early references is found in the cave inscriptions at <a href="/wiki/Nashik" title="Nashik">Nashik</a> by Gautami Balashri, the mother of 1st-century <a href="/wiki/Satavahana" class="mw-redirect" title="Satavahana">Satavahana</a> ruler, <a href="/wiki/Gautamiputra_Satakarni" title="Gautamiputra Satakarni">Gautamiputra Satakarni</a>. The inscription mention him organizing Utsava and Samaja forms of theatrical entertainment for his subjects.<sup id="cite_ref-va163_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-va163-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are sources mentioning plays from 17th-century like <i>Lakshmaikalyanam,</i> and <i>Ganga-Kaveri Samvad, </i> in the Marathi-language staged for the <a href="/wiki/Bhosale" class="mw-redirect" title="Bhosale">Bhosale</a> ruler of <a href="/wiki/Tanjore" class="mw-redirect" title="Tanjore">Tanjore</a> in present-day <a href="/wiki/Tamil_Nadu" title="Tamil Nadu">Tamil Nadu</a> state. However, these were plays performed in the royal court.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="British_colonial_period_(1818-1947)"><span id="British_colonial_period_.281818-1947.29"></span>British colonial period (1818-1947)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marathi_theatre&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: British colonial period (1818-1947)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first public performance of a stage play in Marathi was <i>Sita Swayamvar</i> (Marriage of <a href="/wiki/Sita" title="Sita">Sita</a>) by <a href="/wiki/Vishnudas_Bhave" title="Vishnudas Bhave">Vishnudas Bhave</a>, based on a popular episode of the epic <a href="/wiki/Ramayana" title="Ramayana">Ramayana</a>. Staged in 1843 in <a href="/wiki/Sangli" title="Sangli">Sangli</a>, with ruler of the <a href="/wiki/Princely_state" title="Princely state">princely state</a> of <a href="/wiki/Sangli" title="Sangli">Sangli</a> in audience, it was an experimental play, based on folk theatre form called <a href="/wiki/Yakshagana" title="Yakshagana">Yakshagana</a> from the neighbouring <a href="/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka">Karnataka</a> region. After the success of his play, he staged many more plays about other episodes of Ramayana. His plays were largely influenced by the <a href="/wiki/Shakespearean_theatre" class="mw-redirect" title="Shakespearean theatre">Shakespearean</a> and <a href="/wiki/Parsi_theatre" title="Parsi theatre">Parsi</a> theatres. Bhave went on to form a travelling theatre troupe.<sup id="cite_ref-Da1087_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Da1087-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The coming decades saw notable plays like <i>Jhansichya Raniche Naatak</i> (1870), <i>Sawai Madhavravancha Mrutyu</i> (1871), <i>AfjhalKhanachya Mrutyuche Naatak</i> (1871) and <i>Malharrav Maharaj</i> (1875). However, Marathi stage took a distinct theatre form with the musical <i>Shakuntal</i> by <a href="/wiki/Annasaheb_Kirloskar" title="Annasaheb Kirloskar">Annasaheb Kirloskar</a> in 1880, based on a classical work, <a href="/wiki/Abhijnanasakuntalam" class="mw-redirect" title="Abhijnanasakuntalam">Abhijnanasakuntalam</a> by <a href="/wiki/Kalidasa" title="Kalidasa">Kalidasa</a>.The success of his theatre company, <i>Kirloskar Natya Mandali</i> paved way for commercial repertories in Marathi theatre, and subsequently the formation of <i>Natak Companies</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The early period of Marathi theatre was dominated by playwrights like Kolhatkar, <a href="/wiki/Krushnaji_Prabhakar_Khadilkar" title="Krushnaji Prabhakar Khadilkar">Krushnaji Prabhakar Khadilkar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Govind_Ballal_Deval" title="Govind Ballal Deval">Govind Ballal Deval</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ram_Ganesh_Gadkari" title="Ram Ganesh Gadkari">Ram Ganesh Gadkari</a> and <a href="/wiki/Annasaheb_Kirloskar" title="Annasaheb Kirloskar">Annasaheb Kirloskar</a> who enriched the Marathi theatre for about half a century with excellent musical plays known as <a href="/wiki/Sangeet_Natak" title="Sangeet Natak">Sangeet Natak</a>. The genre of music used in such plays is known as <a href="/wiki/Natya_Sangeet" class="mw-redirect" title="Natya Sangeet">Natya Sangeet</a>. It is during this era of the Marathi theatre that great singer-actors like <a href="/wiki/Bal_Gandharva" title="Bal Gandharva">Bal Gandharva</a>, <a href="/wiki/Keshav_Vaman_Bhole" title="Keshav Vaman Bhole">Keshavrao Bhole</a>, Bhaurao Kolhatkar and <a href="/wiki/Deenanath_Mangeshkar" title="Deenanath Mangeshkar">Deenanath Mangeshkar</a> thrived. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post-independence_period">Post-independence period</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marathi_theatre&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Post-independence period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the second half of the 20th century, some theatre practitioners have incorporated the traditional forms like tamasha and dashavatar into their plays. In the 1970s, the tamasha form was employed as narrative device and style in several notable plays like <i><a href="/wiki/Ghashiram_Kotwal" title="Ghashiram Kotwal">Ghashiram Kotwal</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Vijay_Tendulkar" title="Vijay Tendulkar">Vijay Tendulkar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vijaya_Mehta" title="Vijaya Mehta">Vijaya Mehta</a>'s Marathi adaptations of <a href="/wiki/Bertolt_Brecht" title="Bertolt Brecht">Bertolt Brecht</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/The_Good_Woman_of_Setzuan" class="mw-redirect" title="The Good Woman of Setzuan">The Good Woman of Setzuan</a></i> as <i>Devajine Karuna Keli</i> (1972) and <i><a href="/wiki/Caucasian_Chalk_Circle" class="mw-redirect" title="Caucasian Chalk Circle">Caucasian Chalk Circle</a></i> as <i>Ajab Nyaya Vartulacha</i> (1974), <a href="/wiki/Bashir_Momin_Kavathekar" title="Bashir Momin Kavathekar">Bashir Momin Kavathekar</a>'s historical "Bhangale Swapna Maharastra" (1976)<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>& "Vedat Marathe Veer Daudale Saat"(1977),<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/P._L._Deshpande" class="mw-redirect" title="P. L. Deshpande">P. L. Deshpande</a>'s <i>Teen paishacha Tamasha</i> (1978), an adaptation of Brecht's <i><a href="/wiki/The_Threepenny_Opera" title="The Threepenny Opera">The Threepenny Opera</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-RubinPong2001_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RubinPong2001-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mehta also adapted and <a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Ionesco" title="Eugène Ionesco">Ionesco</a> with <i><a href="/wiki/Les_Chaises" class="mw-redirect" title="Les Chaises">Chairs</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Varyavarchi Varat" the most famous and comedy play written by "Pu.la.Deshpande" and also this play is still in theaters with new cast & crew . Although the characters created by Pu.La. were fictional many people still relate to them. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Marathi_Rangabhoomi_Din">Marathi Rangabhoomi Din</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marathi_theatre&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Marathi Rangabhoomi Din"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>5 November is Celebrated as "Marathi Rangabhoomi Din". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marathi_theatre&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Marathi_theatre_actors" title="List of Marathi theatre actors">List of Marathi theatre actors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Theatre in India">Theatre in India</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marathi_theatre&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFAnand_Patil1993" class="citation book cs1">Anand Patil (1993). <i>Western influence on Marathi drama: a case study</i>. Rajahaṃsa. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/81-85854-06-8" title="Special:BookSources/81-85854-06-8"><bdi>81-85854-06-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Western+influence+on+Marathi+drama%3A+a+case+study&rft.pub=Rajaha%E1%B9%83sa&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=81-85854-06-8&rft.au=Anand+Patil&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarathi+theatre" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDnyaneshwar_Nadkarni1988" class="citation book cs1">Dnyaneshwar Nadkarni (1988). <i>Balgandharva and the Marathi theatre</i>. Roopak Book.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Balgandharva+and+the+Marathi+theatre&rft.pub=Roopak+Book&rft.date=1988&rft.au=Dnyaneshwar+Nadkarni&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarathi+theatre" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShanta_GokhaleNational_School_of_Drama2000" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Shanta_Gokhale" title="Shanta Gokhale">Shanta Gokhale</a>; National School of Drama (2000). <i>Playwright at the Centre: Marathi drama from 1843 to the present</i>. Seagull Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/81-7046-157-X" title="Special:BookSources/81-7046-157-X"><bdi>81-7046-157-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Playwright+at+the+Centre%3A+Marathi+drama+from+1843+to+the+present&rft.pub=Seagull+Books&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=81-7046-157-X&rft.au=Shanta+Gokhale&rft.au=National+School+of+Drama&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarathi+theatre" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShanta_Gokhale2008" class="citation web cs1">Shanta Gokhale (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.india-seminar.com/2008/588/588_shanta_gokhale.htm">"Mapping Marathi theatre"</a>. India-seminar<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mapping+Marathi+theatre&rft.pub=India-seminar&rft.date=2008&rft.au=Shanta+Gokhale&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.india-seminar.com%2F2008%2F588%2F588_shanta_gokhale.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarathi+theatre" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marathi_theatre&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">"लोककला जिवंत ठेवणारी लेखणी विसावली", ‘दै. लोकमत- पुणे’, दि. १४-नोव्हेंबर-२०२१</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">“अवलि या लोकसाहित्यीक”, "दै. सकाळ”, पुणे, 21-Nov-2021</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/pune/Modern-Marathi-theatre-had-milestones-limitations-Expert/articleshow/8753808.cms">"Modern Marathi theatre had milestones, limitations."</a> <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times_of_India" title="The Times of India">The Times of India</a></i>. 7 June 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130507082416/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-06-07/pune/29628840_1_marathi-theatre-caste-politics-satish-alekar">Archived</a> from the original on 7 May 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=Modern+Marathi+theatre+had+milestones%2C+limitations..&rft.date=2011-06-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Fcity%2Fpune%2FModern-Marathi-theatre-had-milestones-limitations-Expert%2Farticleshow%2F8753808.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarathi+theatre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Ru">Rubin, p. 196</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RubinPong2001-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-RubinPong2001_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RubinPong2001_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDon_RubinChua_Soo_PongRavi_ChaturvediRamendu_Majundar2001" class="citation book cs1">Don Rubin; Chua Soo Pong; Ravi Chaturvedi; Ramendu Majundar; Minoru Tanokura (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=maGU4ziPQJQC&pg=PA156"><i>The World Encyclopedia of Contemporary Theatre: Asia/Pacific</i></a>. Taylor & Francis. p. 155. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-26087-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-26087-9"><bdi>978-0-415-26087-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+World+Encyclopedia+of+Contemporary+Theatre%3A+Asia%2FPacific&rft.pages=155&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-415-26087-9&rft.au=Don+Rubin&rft.au=Chua+Soo+Pong&rft.au=Ravi+Chaturvedi&rft.au=Ramendu+Majundar&rft.au=Minoru+Tanokura&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DmaGU4ziPQJQC%26pg%3DPA156&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarathi+theatre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-va163-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-va163_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Va">Varadpande, p. 163</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeterson2011" class="citation journal cs1">Peterson, Indira Viswanathan (30 September 2011). "Multilingual Dramas at the Tanjavur Maratha Court and Literary Cultures in Early Modern South India". <i>The Medieval History Journal</i>. <b>14</b> (2): 285–321. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F097194581101400207">10.1177/097194581101400207</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:162845441">162845441</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Medieval+History+Journal&rft.atitle=Multilingual+Dramas+at+the+Tanjavur+Maratha+Court+and+Literary+Cultures+in+Early+Modern+South+India&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=285-321&rft.date=2011-09-30&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F097194581101400207&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A162845441%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Peterson&rft.aufirst=Indira+Viswanathan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarathi+theatre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nias.res.in/event/nias-public-lecture-ganga-kaveri-samvad-multilingual-dance-dramas-and-cultural-pluralism">"multilingual dance dramas in Tanjore courts"</a>. <i>nias</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nias&rft.atitle=multilingual+dance+dramas+in+Tanjore+courts&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nias.res.in%2Fevent%2Fnias-public-lecture-ganga-kaveri-samvad-multilingual-dance-dramas-and-cultural-pluralism&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarathi+theatre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Da1087-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Da1087_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Da">Datta, p. 1087</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120314030303/http://sangli.gov.in/htmldocs/prominet_personalities1.htm">"Prominent Personalities: Vishnudas Bhave"</a>. <i>Sangli.gov.in</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sangli.gov.in/htmldocs/prominet_personalities1.htm">the original</a> on 14 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sangli.gov.in&rft.atitle=Prominent+Personalities%3A+Vishnudas+Bhave&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsangli.gov.in%2Fhtmldocs%2Fprominet_personalities1.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarathi+theatre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120319053558/https://www.manase.org/en/maharashtra.php?mid=68&smid=21&id=489">"Marathi Theatre"</a>. 19 March 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.manase.org/en/maharashtra.php?mid=68&smid=21&id=489">the original</a> on 19 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 July</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Marathi+Theatre&rft.date=2012-03-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.manase.org%2Fen%2Fmaharashtra.php%3Fmid%3D68%26smid%3D21%26id%3D489&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarathi+theatre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">“बहूआयामी साहित्यिक मोमीन कवठेकर: डॉ शेळके”, "दै. पुण्यनगरी”, पुणे, १३-नोव्ह-२०१०.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Dh">Dharwadker, p. 368</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Dh">Dharwadker, p. 314</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marathi_theatre&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Ho" class="citation book cs1">Stanley Hochman (1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zo5os6d0rvMC&q=Marathi+theatre&pg=PA38"><i>McGraw-Hill encyclopedia of world drama (Vol. 3)</i></a>. VNR AG. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-07-079169-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-07-079169-4"><bdi>0-07-079169-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=McGraw-Hill+encyclopedia+of+world+drama+%28Vol.+3%29&rft.pub=VNR+AG&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=0-07-079169-4&rft.au=Stanley+Hochman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dzo5os6d0rvMC%26q%3DMarathi%2Btheatre%26pg%3DPA38&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarathi+theatre" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Va" class="citation book cs1">Manohar Laxman Varadpande (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6ZrjC24PuDQC&pg=PA167"><i>History of Indian Theatre</i></a>. Abhinav Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7017-278-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-7017-278-9"><bdi>978-81-7017-278-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+Indian+Theatre&rft.pub=Abhinav+Publications&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-81-7017-278-9&rft.au=Manohar+Laxman+Varadpande&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6ZrjC24PuDQC%26pg%3DPA167&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarathi+theatre" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Ru" class="citation book cs1">Don Rubin (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-MUiXjMUl34C&q=Marathi+theatre&pg=PA197"><i>The World Encyclopedia of Contemporary Theatre: Asia</i></a>. Taylor & Francis. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-415-05933-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-415-05933-X"><bdi>0-415-05933-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+World+Encyclopedia+of+Contemporary+Theatre%3A+Asia&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=0-415-05933-X&rft.au=Don+Rubin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-MUiXjMUl34C%26q%3DMarathi%2Btheatre%26pg%3DPA197&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarathi+theatre" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Da" class="citation book cs1">Amaresh Datta (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zB4n3MVozbUC&q=Marathi+theatre&pg=PA1089"><i>The Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature (Vol. 2)</i></a>. Sahitya Akademi. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/81-260-1194-7" title="Special:BookSources/81-260-1194-7"><bdi>81-260-1194-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopaedia+of+Indian+Literature+%28Vol.+2%29&rft.pub=Sahitya+Akademi&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=81-260-1194-7&rft.au=Amaresh+Datta&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DzB4n3MVozbUC%26q%3DMarathi%2Btheatre%26pg%3DPA1089&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarathi+theatre" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Co" class="citation book cs1">Gabrielle H. Cody; Evert Sprinchorn (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qYfH1tOwsHcC&q=Marathi+drama&pg=PA665"><i>The Columbia encyclopedia of Modern Drama, (Vol. 1)</i></a>. Columbia University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-231-14422-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-231-14422-3"><bdi>978-0-231-14422-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Columbia+encyclopedia+of+Modern+Drama%2C+%28Vol.+1%29&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-231-14422-3&rft.au=Gabrielle+H.+Cody&rft.au=Evert+Sprinchorn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqYfH1tOwsHcC%26q%3DMarathi%2Bdrama%26pg%3DPA665&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarathi+theatre" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Dh" class="citation book cs1">Aparna Bhargava Dharwadker (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mLQaz-12Eo8C&pg=PA378"><i>Theatres of Independence: Drama, Theory, and Urban Performance in India Since 1947</i></a>. University of Iowa Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58729-642-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58729-642-0"><bdi>978-1-58729-642-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Theatres+of+Independence%3A+Drama%2C+Theory%2C+and+Urban+Performance+in+India+Since+1947&rft.pub=University+of+Iowa+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-58729-642-0&rft.au=Aparna+Bhargava+Dharwadker&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DmLQaz-12Eo8C%26pg%3DPA378&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarathi+theatre" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marathi_theatre&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External 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scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Personalities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Serfoji_II" title="Serfoji II">Serfoji II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annasaheb_Kirloskar" title="Annasaheb Kirloskar">Annasaheb Kirloskar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bal_Gandharva" title="Bal Gandharva">Bal Gandharva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deenanath_Mangeshkar" title="Deenanath Mangeshkar">Deenanath Mangeshkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Govind_Ballal_Deval" title="Govind Ballal Deval">Govind Ballal Deval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krushnaji_Prabhakar_Khadilkar" title="Krushnaji Prabhakar Khadilkar">Krushnaji Prabhakar Khadilkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram_Ganesh_Gadkari" title="Ram Ganesh Gadkari">Ram Ganesh Gadkari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishnudas_Bhave" title="Vishnudas Bhave">Vishnudas Bhave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Male_actors_in_Marathi_theatre" title="Category:Male actors in Marathi theatre">other actors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Actresses_in_Marathi_theatre" title="Category:Actresses in Marathi theatre">other actresses</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Directors and <br /> playwrights</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pralhad_Keshav_Atre" title="Pralhad Keshav Atre">Pralhad Keshav Atre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purushottam_Laxman_Deshpande" title="Purushottam Laxman Deshpande">Purushottam Laxman Deshpande</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaywant_Dalvi" title="Jaywant Dalvi">Jaywant Dalvi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasant_Shankar_Kanetkar" title="Vasant Shankar Kanetkar">Vasant Shankar Kanetkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vijay_Tendulkar" title="Vijay Tendulkar">Vijay Tendulkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahesh_Elkunchwar" title="Mahesh Elkunchwar">Mahesh Elkunchwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ratnakar_Matkari" title="Ratnakar Matkari">Ratnakar Matkari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vijaya_Mehta" title="Vijaya Mehta">Vijaya Mehta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prabhakar_Panshikar" title="Prabhakar Panshikar">Prabhakar Panshikar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravindra_Amonkar" title="Ravindra Amonkar">Ravindra Amonkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandrakant_Kulkarni" title="Chandrakant Kulkarni">Chandrakant Kulkarni</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Auditoriums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bal_Gandharva_Ranga_Mandir" title="Bal Gandharva Ranga Mandir">Bal Gandharva Ranga Mandir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shivaji_Mandir" title="Shivaji Mandir">Shivaji Mandir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tilak_Smarak_Ranga_Mandir" title="Tilak Smarak Ranga Mandir">Tilak Smarak Ranga Mandir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yashwantrao_Chavan_Natya_Gruha" title="Yashwantrao Chavan Natya Gruha">Yashwantrao Chavan Natya Gruha</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Plays</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ghashiram_Kotwal" title="Ghashiram Kotwal">Ghashiram Kotwal</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Katyar_Kaljat_Ghusali_(play)" title="Katyar Kaljat Ghusali (play)">Katyar Kaljat Ghusali</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Krushnaji_Prabhakar_Khadilkar#Kichak_Vadh" title="Krushnaji Prabhakar Khadilkar">Kichak Vadh</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Me_Nathuram_Godse_Boltoy" title="Me Nathuram Godse Boltoy">Me Nathuram Godse Boltoy</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mitrachi_Goshta" title="Mitrachi Goshta">Mitrachi Goshta</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Moruchi_Mavshi" title="Moruchi Mavshi">Moruchi Mavshi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sakharam_Binder" title="Sakharam Binder">Sakharam Binder</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sangeet_Sharada" title="Sangeet Sharada">Sangeet Sharada</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shantata!_Court_Chalu_Aahe" title="Shantata! Court Chalu Aahe">Shantata! Court Chalu Aahe</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sangeet_Natak" title="Sangeet Natak">Sangeet Natak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natya_Sangeet" class="mw-redirect" title="Natya Sangeet">Natya Sangeet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Theatre_of_Asia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Asia_topic" title="Template:Asia topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Asia_topic" title="Template talk:Asia topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Asia_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Asia topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Theatre_of_Asia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Theatre of Asia</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Sovereign states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Theatre_of_Afghanistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Theatre of Afghanistan (page does not exist)">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_of_Armenia" class="mw-redirect" title="Theatre of Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_of_Azerbaijan" title="Theatre of Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_of_Bahrain" title="Theatre of Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_of_Bangladesh" title="Theatre of Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Theatre_of_Bhutan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Theatre of Bhutan (page does not exist)">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Theatre_of_Brunei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Theatre of Brunei (page does not exist)">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_of_Cambodia" title="Theatre of Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_of_China" title="Theatre of China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Theatre_of_Cyprus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Theatre of Cyprus (page does not exist)">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Theatre_of_East_Timor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Theatre of East Timor (page does not exist)">East Timor (Timor-Leste)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Theatre_of_Egypt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Theatre of Egypt (page does not exist)">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Theatre_of_Georgia_(country)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Theatre of Georgia (country) (page does not exist)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_of_India" title="Theatre of India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_of_Indonesia" title="Theatre of Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_of_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="Theatre of Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Theatre_of_Iraq&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Theatre of Iraq (page does not exist)">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_of_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Theatre of Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_of_Japan" title="Theatre of Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Theatre_of_Jordan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Theatre of Jordan (page does not exist)">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Theatre_of_Kazakhstan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Theatre of Kazakhstan (page does not exist)">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_of_North_Korea" class="mw-redirect" title="Theatre of North Korea">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_of_South_Korea" class="mw-redirect" title="Theatre of South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Theatre_of_Kuwait&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Theatre of Kuwait (page does not exist)">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Theatre_of_Kyrgyzstan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Theatre of Kyrgyzstan (page does not exist)">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_of_Laos" class="mw-redirect" title="Theatre of Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_of_Lebanon" title="Theatre of Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_of_Malaysia" class="mw-redirect" title="Theatre of Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Theatre_of_the_Maldives&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Theatre of the Maldives (page does not exist)">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Theatre_of_Mongolia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Theatre of Mongolia (page does not exist)">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Theatre_of_Myanmar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Theatre of Myanmar (page does not exist)">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Theatre_of_Nepal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Theatre of Nepal (page does not exist)">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Theatre_of_Oman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Theatre of Oman (page does not exist)">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_of_Pakistan" title="Theatre of Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_of_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="Theatre of the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_of_Qatar" title="Theatre of Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Theatre_of_Russia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Theatre of Russia (page does not exist)">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Theatre of Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Theatre_of_Singapore&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Theatre of Singapore (page does not exist)">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Theatre of Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Theatre_of_Syria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Theatre of Syria (page does not exist)">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Theatre_of_Tajikistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Theatre of Tajikistan (page does not exist)">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Theatre_of_Thailand&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Theatre of Thailand (page does not exist)">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_of_Turkey" title="Theatre of Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Theatre_of_Turkmenistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Theatre of Turkmenistan (page does not exist)">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Theatre_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Theatre of the United Arab Emirates (page does not exist)">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Theatre_of_Uzbekistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Theatre of Uzbekistan (page does not exist)">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_of_Vietnam" title="Theatre of Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_of_Yemen" title="Theatre of Yemen">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">States with<br />limited recognition</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Theatre_of_Abkhazia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Theatre of Abkhazia (page does not exist)">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Theatre_of_Northern_Cyprus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Theatre of Northern Cyprus (page does not exist)">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Theatre_of_the_State_of_Palestine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Theatre of the State of Palestine (page does not exist)">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Theatre_of_South_Ossetia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Theatre of South Ossetia (page does not exist)">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Theatre_of_Taiwan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Theatre of Taiwan (page does not exist)">Taiwan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependencies</a> and<br />other territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Theatre_of_the_British_Indian_Ocean_Territory&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Theatre of the British Indian Ocean Territory (page does not exist)">British Indian Ocean Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Theatre_of_Christmas_Island&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Theatre of Christmas Island (page does not exist)">Christmas Island</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Theatre_of_the_Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Theatre of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands (page does not exist)">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Theatre_of_Hong_Kong&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Theatre of Hong Kong (page does not exist)">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Theatre_of_Macau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Theatre of Macau (page does not exist)">Macau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Asia" title="Category:Asia">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Asia" title="Portal:Asia">Asia portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Theatre" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Theatre" title="Template:Theatre"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Theatre" title="Template talk:Theatre"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Theatre" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Theatre"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Theatre" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Theatre" title="Theatre">Theatre</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_theatre" title="History of theatre">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_of_ancient_Greece" title="Theatre of ancient Greece">Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_of_ancient_Rome" title="Theatre of ancient Rome">Roman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_theatre" title="Medieval theatre">Medieval</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Commedia_dell%27arte" title="Commedia dell'arte">Commedia dell'arte</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Renaissance_theatre" title="English Renaissance theatre">English Renaissance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Golden_Age#Lope_de_Vega_and_Spanish_drama" title="Spanish Golden Age">Spanish Golden Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classicism" title="Classicism">French Classicism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoclassicism" title="Neoclassicism">Neoclassical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Restoration_comedy" title="Restoration comedy">Restoration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustan_drama" title="Augustan drama">Augustan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weimar_Classicism" title="Weimar Classicism">Weimar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanticism" title="Romanticism">Romanticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melodrama" title="Melodrama">Melodrama</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Naturalism_(theatre)" title="Naturalism (theatre)">Naturalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Realism_(theatre)" title="Realism (theatre)">Realism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modernism" title="Modernism">Modernism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postmodern_theatre" title="Postmodern theatre">Postmodern</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nineteenth-century_theatre" title="Nineteenth-century theatre">19th century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twentieth-century_theatre" title="Twentieth-century theatre">20th century</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_twentieth-century_theatre" title="Timeline of twentieth-century theatre">timeline</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Drama" title="Drama">Drama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Play_(theatre)" title="Play (theatre)">Play</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musical_theatre" title="Musical theatre">Musical theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comedy" title="Comedy">Comedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tragedy" title="Tragedy">Tragedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Improvisational_theatre" title="Improvisational theatre">Improvisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opera" title="Opera">Opera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballet" title="Ballet">Ballet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circus" title="Circus">Circus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_drama" title="Radio drama">Radio drama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Variety_show" title="Variety show">Variety show</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_in_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Theatre in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Theatre in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_of_Indonesia" title="Theatre of Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_of_Italy" title="Theatre of Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_of_Japan" title="Theatre of Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_of_Korea" class="mw-redirect" title="Theatre of Korea">Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_theatre" title="Persian theatre">Persia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_of_Poland" title="Theatre of Poland">Poland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Stagecraft" title="Stagecraft">Stagecraft</a> /<br /> <a href="/wiki/Scenography" title="Scenography">Scenography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cue_(theatrical)" title="Cue (theatrical)">Cue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtain_Call" class="mw-redirect" title="Curtain Call">Curtain Call</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rehearsal" title="Rehearsal">Rehearsal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stage_(theatre)" title="Stage (theatre)">Stage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theater_(structure)" title="Theater (structure)">Theater (structure)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatrical_constraints" title="Theatrical constraints">Theatrical constraints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatrical_superstitions" title="Theatrical superstitions">Theatrical superstitions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technical_rehearsal" title="Technical rehearsal">Technical rehearsal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technical_week" title="Technical week">Technical week</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Performance" title="Performance">Performance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lighting_design" title="Lighting design">Lighting design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sound_design" title="Sound design">Sound design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Set_construction" title="Set construction">Set construction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatrical_property" class="mw-redirect" title="Theatrical property">Theatrical property</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Costume_construction" class="mw-redirect" title="Costume construction">Costume construction</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_theatre_personnel" title="List of theatre personnel">Personnel</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Management</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stage_management" title="Stage management">Stage management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technical_director" title="Technical director">Technical director</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Production_management_(theater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Production management (theater)">Production management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Company_management" class="mw-redirect" title="Company management">Company management</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Technical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carpenter_(theatre)" title="Carpenter (theatre)">Carpenter (theatre)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electrician_(theatre)" title="Electrician (theatre)">Electrician (theatre)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fly_crew" title="Fly crew">Fly crew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Make-up_artist" title="Make-up artist">Make-up artist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Property_master" title="Property master">Property master</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyrotechnician" title="Pyrotechnician">Pyrotechnician</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Running_crew" title="Running crew">Running crew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spotlight_operator" title="Spotlight operator">Spotlight operator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stagehand" title="Stagehand">Stagehand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatrical_Technician" class="mw-redirect" title="Theatrical Technician">Theatrical Technician</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technical_crew" title="Technical crew">Technical crew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wardrobe_supervisor" title="Wardrobe supervisor">Wardrobe supervisor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Design</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Costume_designer" title="Costume designer">Costume designer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lighting_designer" class="mw-redirect" title="Lighting designer">Lighting designer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scenic_designer" class="mw-redirect" title="Scenic designer">Scenic designer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sound_designer" class="mw-redirect" title="Sound designer">Sound designer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audio_engineer" title="Audio engineer">Sound engineer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_design" title="Video design">Video design</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Running_crew" title="Running crew">Running crew</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Call_boy_(theatre)" title="Call boy (theatre)">Call boy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Production_management_(theater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Production management (theater)">Production manager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stage_management" title="Stage management">Stage manager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stagehand" title="Stagehand">Stagehand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technical_director" title="Technical director">Technical director</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatrical_technician" title="Theatrical technician">Theatrical technician</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carpenter_(theatre)" title="Carpenter (theatre)">Carpenter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fly_crew" title="Fly crew">Fly crew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electrician_(theatre)" title="Electrician (theatre)">Electrician</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Light_board_operator" title="Light board operator">Light board operator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lighting_technician" title="Lighting technician">Lighting technician</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spotlight_operator" title="Spotlight operator">Spotlight operator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A2_(theater)" title="A2 (theater)">A2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sound_operator" class="mw-redirect" title="Sound operator">Sound operator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Property_master" title="Property master">Property master</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dresser_(theatre)" title="Dresser (theatre)">Dresser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wardrobe_supervisor" title="Wardrobe supervisor">Wardrobe supervisor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Musicians</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Musical_ensemble" title="Musical ensemble">Musical ensemble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orchestra" title="Orchestra">Orchestra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pit_orchestra" title="Pit orchestra">Pit orchestra</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Miscellaneous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_theater_terms" title="Glossary of theater terms">Glossary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatrical_troupe" title="Theatrical troupe">Theatrical troupe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" 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