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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Etymology_and_other_names" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etymology_and_other_names"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Etymology and other names</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etymology_and_other_names-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legends" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legends"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Legends</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Legends-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Legends subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Legends-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Birth_and_early_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Birth_and_early_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Birth and early life</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Birth_and_early_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Marriage_to_Rama" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Marriage_to_Rama"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Marriage to Rama</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Marriage_to_Rama-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Exile_and_abduction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Exile_and_abduction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Exile and abduction</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Exile_and_abduction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Later_years_and_second_exile" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Later_years_and_second_exile"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Later years and second exile</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Later_years_and_second_exile-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Speeches_and_symbolism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Speeches_and_symbolism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Speeches and symbolism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Speeches_and_symbolism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Literature</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Literature-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Literature subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Literature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sita_and_Radha" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sita_and_Radha"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Sita and Radha</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sita_and_Radha-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_other_versions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_other_versions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>In other versions</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-In_other_versions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle In other versions subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-In_other_versions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Janaki_Ramayana" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Janaki_Ramayana"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Janaki Ramayana</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Janaki_Ramayana-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Adbhut_Ramayana" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Adbhut_Ramayana"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Adbhut Ramayana</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Adbhut_Ramayana-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mahaviracharita" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mahaviracharita"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Mahaviracharita</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mahaviracharita-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Saptakanda_Ramayana" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Saptakanda_Ramayana"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Saptakanda Ramayana</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Saptakanda_Ramayana-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Iconography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Iconography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Iconography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Iconography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Outside_Hinduism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Outside_Hinduism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Outside Hinduism</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Outside_Hinduism-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Outside Hinduism subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Outside_Hinduism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Jainism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jainism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Jainism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jainism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Buddhism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Buddhism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Buddhism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Buddhism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Portrayal_and_assessment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Portrayal_and_assessment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Portrayal and assessment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Portrayal_and_assessment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Temples" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Temples"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Temples</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Temples-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Worship_and_festivals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Worship_and_festivals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Worship and festivals</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Worship_and_festivals-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Worship and festivals subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Worship_and_festivals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Hymns" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hymns"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Hymns</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hymns-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Festivals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Festivals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2</span> <span>Festivals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Festivals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sita_Navami" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sita_Navami"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2.1</span> <span>Sita Navami</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sita_Navami-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vivaha_Panchami" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vivaha_Panchami"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2.2</span> <span>Vivaha Panchami</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vivaha_Panchami-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ramlila_and_Dussehra" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ramlila_and_Dussehra"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2.3</span> <span>Ramlila and Dussehra</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ramlila_and_Dussehra-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Diwali" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Diwali"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2.4</span> <span>Diwali</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Diwali-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vasanthotsavam" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vasanthotsavam"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2.5</span> <span>Vasanthotsavam</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vasanthotsavam-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Outside_the_Indian_subcontinent" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Outside_the_Indian_subcontinent"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Outside the Indian subcontinent</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Outside_the_Indian_subcontinent-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Outside the Indian subcontinent subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Outside_the_Indian_subcontinent-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Indonesia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Indonesia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1</span> <span>Indonesia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Indonesia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Wayang_story" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wayang_story"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1.1</span> <span>Wayang story</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wayang_story-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cambodia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cambodia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.2</span> <span>Cambodia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cambodia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nepal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nepal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.3</span> <span>Nepal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nepal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_other_countries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_other_countries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.4</span> <span>In other countries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_other_countries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Influence_and_depiction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Influence_and_depiction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Influence and depiction</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Influence_and_depiction-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Influence and depiction subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Influence_and_depiction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Paintings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Paintings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.1</span> <span>Paintings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Paintings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.2</span> <span>Music</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dance_and_art_forms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dance_and_art_forms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.3</span> <span>Dance and art forms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dance_and_art_forms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.4</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.5</span> <span>In popular culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Films" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Films"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.5.1</span> <span>Films</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Films-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Television" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Television"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.5.2</span> <span>Television</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Television-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Plays" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Plays"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.5.3</span> <span>Plays</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Plays-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Books" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Books"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.5.4</span> <span>Books</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Books-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Others" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Others"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.5.5</span> <span>Others</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Others-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14.2</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" 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Available in 62 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-62" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">62 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sita" title="Sita – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Sita" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%A7" title="سيتا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سيتا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE" title="সীতা – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="সীতা" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE" title="সীতা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="সীতা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE" title="सीता – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="सीता" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sita" title="Sita – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Sita" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sita" title="Sita – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Sita" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%ADta" title="Síta – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Síta" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sita_(Mythologie)" title="Sita (Mythologie) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Sita (Mythologie)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE" title="सीता – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="सीता" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sita" title="Sita – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Sita" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sito_(Ramajano)" title="Sito (Ramajano) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Sito (Ramajano)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%A7" title="سیتا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سیتا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C4%ABt%C4%81" title="Sītā – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Sītā" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B8%E0%AB%80%E0%AA%A4%E0%AA%BE" title="સીતા – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="સીતા" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8B%9C%ED%83%80" title="시타 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="시타" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE" title="सीता – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="सीता" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinta" title="Sinta – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Sinta" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C4%ABt%C4%81" title="Sītā – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Sītā" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinta" title="Sinta – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Sinta" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%86" title="ಸೀತೆ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಸೀತೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90" title="სიტა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სიტა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syta" title="Syta – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Syta" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE" title="सीता – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="सीता" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A4" title="സീത – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സീത" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE" title="सीता – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="सीता" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%A7" title="سيتا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="سيتا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dewi_Sita" title="Dewi Sita – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Dewi Sita" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%87%EA%AF%A5" title="ꯁꯤꯇꯥ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯁꯤꯇꯥ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sita_(hindoe%C3%AFsme)" title="Sita (hindoeïsme) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Sita (hindoeïsme)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE" title="सीता – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="सीता" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B7%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BF%E3%83%BC" title="シーター – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="シーター" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sita" title="Sita – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Sita" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sita" title="Sita – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Sita" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%B8%E0%AD%80%E0%AC%A4%E0%AC%BE" title="ସୀତା – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ସୀତା" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE" title="ਸੀਤਾ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਸੀਤਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%A7" title="سیتا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="سیتا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%84%E2%80%8B%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%B6" title="នាងសីតា – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="នាងសីតា" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sita" title="Sita – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Sita" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sita" title="Sita – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Sita" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Сита – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Сита" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Сиита – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Сиита" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE" title="सीता – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="सीता" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sita" title="Sita – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Sita" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8F_%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%9A%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA" title="සීතා දේවිය – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="සීතා දේවිය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sita" title="Sita – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Sita" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%A7" title="سيتا – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="سيتا" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%ADta" title="Síta – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Síta" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sita" title="Sita – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Sita" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sita" title="Sita – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Sita" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sita" title="Sita – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Sita" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%88" title="சீதை – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சீதை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A4" title="సీత – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="సీత" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B2" title="นางสีดา – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="นางสีดา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%86" title="ಸೀತೆ – Tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ಸೀತೆ" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="Tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sita_Devi" title="Sita Devi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Sita Devi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Сіта – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Сіта" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%A7" title="سیتا – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="سیتا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sita" title="Sita – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Sita" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%82%89%E5%A4%9A" title="悉多 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="悉多" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%82%89%E5%A4%9A" title="悉多 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="悉多" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%82%89%E5%A4%9A" title="悉多 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="悉多" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span 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navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Sita_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Sita (disambiguation)">Sita (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;background-color: #FFC569;">Sita</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div style="font-size: 110%;">Mother Goddess,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />Goddess of Beauty and Devotion<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />Supreme Goddess in <a href="/wiki/Ramanandi_Sampradaya" title="Ramanandi Sampradaya">Ramaism</a><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Sita_in_exile.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Sita_in_exile.jpg/220px-Sita_in_exile.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="308" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Sita_in_exile.jpg/330px-Sita_in_exile.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Sita_in_exile.jpg/440px-Sita_in_exile.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1077" data-file-height="1509" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Lithograph of Sita in exile</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other names</th><td class="infobox-data">Siya, Janaki, Maithili, Vaidehi, Ayonija, Bhumija, Seetha</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Devanagari" title="Devanagari">Devanagari</a></th><td class="infobox-data">सीता</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a> transliteration</th><td class="infobox-data">Sītā</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Venerated in</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ramanandi_Sampradaya" title="Ramanandi Sampradaya">Ramanandi Sampradaya</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Haridas_Niranjani" title="Haridas Niranjani">Niranjani Sampradaya</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Shaktism" title="Shaktism">Shaktism</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Affiliation</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Avatar" title="Avatar">Avatar</a> of <a href="/wiki/Lakshmi" title="Lakshmi">Lakshmi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Devi" title="Devi">Devi</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Abode</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ayodhya_(Ramayana)" title="Ayodhya (Ramayana)">Ayodhya</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Saketa" class="mw-redirect" title="Saketa">Saketa</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Vaikuntha" title="Vaikuntha">Vaikuntha</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Mantra" title="Mantra">Mantra</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Jai_Siya_Ram" title="Jai Siya Ram">Jai Siya Ram</a></i></li><li><i>Sita-Ram-Sita-Ram</i></li><li><i>Siyavar Ramchandra Ki Jai</i></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Hindu_iconography#Symbols_associated_with_individual_devas" title="Hindu iconography">Symbol</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Pink Lotus</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Day</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Friday" title="Friday">Friday</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Hindu_texts" title="Hindu texts">Texts</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ramayana" title="Ramayana">Ramayana</a></i> and <a href="/wiki/Versions_of_Ramayana" class="mw-redirect" title="Versions of Ramayana">its other versions</a></li><li><i><a href="/wiki/Maithili_Maha_Upanishad" title="Maithili Maha Upanishad">Maithili Maha Upanishad</a></i></li><li><i><a href="/wiki/Sita_Upanishad" title="Sita Upanishad">Sita Upanishad</a></i></li><li><i><a href="/wiki/Padma_Purana" title="Padma Purana">Padma Purana</a></i></li><li><i><a href="/wiki/Shiva_Purana" title="Shiva Purana">Shiva Purana</a></i></li><li><i><a href="/wiki/Skanda_Purana" title="Skanda Purana">Skanda Purana</a></i></li><li><i><a href="/wiki/Vishnu_Purana" title="Vishnu Purana">Vishnu Purana</a></i></li><li><i><a href="/wiki/Brahmanda_Purana" title="Brahmanda Purana">Brahmanda Purana</a></i></li><li><i><a href="/wiki/Valmiki_Samhita" title="Valmiki Samhita">Valmiki Samhita</a></i></li><li><i><a href="/wiki/Vaishnava_Matabja_Bhaskara" title="Vaishnava Matabja Bhaskara">Vaishnava Matabja Bhaskara</a></i></li><li><i><a href="/wiki/Vinaya_Patrika" title="Vinaya Patrika">Vinaya Patrika</a></i></li><li><i><a href="/wiki/Raghuvamsa" class="mw-redirect" title="Raghuvamsa">Raghuvamsa</a></i></li><li><i><a href="/wiki/Mahabharata" title="Mahabharata">Mahabharata</a></i></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Gender</th><td class="infobox-data">Female</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Festivals</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sita_Navami" title="Sita Navami">Sita Navami</a></li><li>Janaki Jayanti</li><li><a href="/wiki/Vivaha_Panchami" title="Vivaha Panchami">Vivaha Panchami</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Diwali" title="Diwali">Diwali</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Vijayadashami" title="Vijayadashami">Vijayadashami</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #FFC569;">Genealogy</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Avatar birth</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mithila_(ancient_city)" title="Mithila (ancient city)">Mithila</a>, <a href="/wiki/Videha" title="Videha">Videha</a> (either present-day <a href="/wiki/Sitamarhi_district" title="Sitamarhi district">Sitamarhi district</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bihar" title="Bihar">Bihar</a>, India<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-telegraphindia.com_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-telegraphindia.com-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Sitamarhi_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sitamarhi-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-History_of_Sitamarhi_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-History_of_Sitamarhi-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or present-day <a href="/wiki/Janakpur" title="Janakpur">Janakpur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Madhesh_Province" title="Madhesh Province">Madhesh Province</a>, Nepal<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Avatar end</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sita_Samahit_Sthal" title="Sita Samahit Sthal">Baripur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kosala" class="mw-redirect" title="Kosala">Kosala</a> (present-day <a href="/wiki/Sita_Samahit_Sthal" title="Sita Samahit Sthal">Sita Samahit Sthal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh">Uttar Pradesh</a>, India)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parents</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bh%C5%ABmi" class="mw-redirect" title="Bhūmi">Bhumi</a> (mother)<br /><a href="/wiki/Janaka" title="Janaka">Janaka</a> (adoptive father)<br /><a href="/wiki/Sunayana_(Ramayana)" title="Sunayana (Ramayana)">Sunayana</a> (adoptive mother)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Siblings</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Urmila" title="Urmila">Urmila</a> (sister)<br /><a href="/wiki/Mandavi" title="Mandavi">Mandavi</a> (cousin)<br /><a href="/wiki/Shrutakirti" title="Shrutakirti">Shrutakirti</a> (cousin)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Consort</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Rama" title="Rama">Rama</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lava_(Ramayana)" title="Lava (Ramayana)">Lava</a> (son)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Kusha_(Ramayana)" title="Kusha (Ramayana)">Kusha</a> (son)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Dynasty</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Videhas" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of the Videhas">Vidēha</a> (by birth)<br /><a href="/wiki/Raghuva%E1%B9%83%C5%9Ba_(dynasty)" title="Raghuvaṃśa (dynasty)">Raghuvamsha</a>-<a href="/wiki/Solar_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Solar Dynasty">Suryavamsha</a> (by marriage)</td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 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3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks" style="border-collapse:collapse; text-align:center"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Hinduism" title="Category:Hinduism">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="padding:0.2em;background:#FFC569;margin-bottom:0.5em;"><a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Om" title="Om"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/1_Om.svg/90px-1_Om.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/1_Om.svg/135px-1_Om.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/1_Om.svg/180px-1_Om.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="356" data-file-height="367" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-above hlist" style="padding-bottom:0.35em; border:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hindus" title="Hindus">Hindus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_mythology" title="Hindu mythology">Mythology</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border:1px solid #FFC569;background:#FFC569;padding-top:0.1em;padding-left:3em; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Hinduism" title="History of Hinduism">Origins</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="text-align:center;padding-top:0; background-color:#FDE7B9; border:2px solid #FDE7B9"><b>Historical</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Hinduism" title="History of Hinduism">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_of_the_Indus_Valley_Civilization" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion of the Indus Valley Civilization">Indus Valley Civilisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vedic_Hinduism" class="mw-redirect" title="Vedic Hinduism">Vedic Hinduism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dravidian_folk_religion" title="Dravidian folk religion">Dravidian folk religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Arama%E1%B9%87a" title="Śramaṇa">Śramaṇa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tribal_religions_in_India" title="Tribal religions in India">Tribal religions in India</a></li></ul> <p><b>Traditional</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Itihasa-Purana" title="Itihasa-Purana">Itihasa-Purana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epic-Puranic_royal_genealogies" title="Epic-Puranic royal genealogies">Epic-Puranic royal genealogies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epic-Puranic_chronology" title="Epic-Puranic chronology">Epic-Puranic chronology</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border:1px solid #FFC569;background:#FFC569;padding-top:0.1em;padding-left:3em; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Sampradaya" title="Sampradaya">Sampradaya (Traditions)</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="text-align:center;padding-top:0; background-color:#FDE7B9; border:2px solid #FDE7B9"> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed">Major Sampradaya (Traditions)</div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vaishnavism" title="Vaishnavism">Vaishnavism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pancharatra" title="Pancharatra">Pancharatra</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaivism" title="Shaivism">Shaivism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kapalika" title="Kapalika">Kapalika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashupata_Shaivism" title="Pashupata Shaivism">Pashupata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pratyabhijna" title="Pratyabhijna">Pratyabhijña</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaktism" title="Shaktism">Shaktism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smarta_tradition" title="Smarta tradition">Smartism</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><i><a href="/wiki/Hindu_denominations" title="Hindu denominations">Other Sampradaya (Traditions)</a></i></div></dt></dl></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border:1px solid #FFC569;background:#FFC569;padding-top:0.1em;padding-left:3em; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Hindu_deities" title="Hindu deities">Deities</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="text-align:center;padding-top:0; background-color:#FDE7B9; border:2px solid #FDE7B9"> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Brahman" title="Brahman">Absolute Reality / Unifying Force</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brahman" title="Brahman">Brahman</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Trimurti" title="Trimurti">Trimurti</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brahma" title="Brahma">Brahma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishnu" title="Vishnu">Vishnu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiva" title="Shiva">Shiva</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Tridevi" title="Tridevi">Tridevi</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saraswati" title="Saraswati">Saraswati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakshmi" title="Lakshmi">Lakshmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parvati" title="Parvati">Parvati</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed">Other major <a href="/wiki/Deva_(Hinduism)" title="Deva (Hinduism)">Devas</a> / <a href="/wiki/Devi" title="Devi">Devis</a></div></dt></dl> <dl><dd><i>Vedic Deities:</i></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tridasha" class="mw-redirect" title="Tridasha">Tridasha</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adityas" title="Adityas">Adityas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudras" title="Rudras">Rudras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasus" class="mw-redirect" title="Vasus">Vasus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashvins" title="Ashvins">Ashvins</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahadevi" title="Mahadevi">Mahadevi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rigvedic_deities" title="Rigvedic deities">Other Vedic Deities</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><i>Post-Vedic:</i></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avatar" title="Avatar">Avatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dashavatara" title="Dashavatara">Dashavatara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durga" title="Durga">Durga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navadurga" title="Navadurga">Navadurga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahavidya" title="Mahavidya">Mahavidya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kartikeya" title="Kartikeya">Kartikeya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganesha" title="Ganesha">Ganesha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanuman" title="Hanuman">Hanuman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radha" title="Radha">Radha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakti" title="Shakti">Shakti</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sita</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Devata" title="Devata">Devatas</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vishvakarma" title="Vishvakarma">Vishvakarma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kubera" title="Kubera">Kubera</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border:1px solid #FFC569;background:#FFC569;padding-top:0.1em;padding-left:3em; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Hindu_philosophy" title="Hindu philosophy">Concepts</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="text-align:center;padding-top:0; background-color:#FDE7B9; border:2px solid #FDE7B9"> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed">Worldview</div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_cosmology" title="Hindu cosmology">Cosmology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_mythology" title="Hindu mythology">Mythology</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed">Ontology</div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tattva" title="Tattva">Tattvas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanmatras" title="Tanmatras">Subtle elements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panchikarana" title="Panchikarana">Panchikarana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pancha_Bhuta" title="Pancha Bhuta">Gross elements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gu%E1%B9%87a" title="Guṇa">Guṇas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purusha" title="Purusha">Purusha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prak%E1%B9%9Bti" title="Prakṛti">Prakṛti</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Para_Brahman" title="Para Brahman">Supreme reality</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brahman" title="Brahman">Brahman</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nirguna_brahman" class="mw-redirect" title="Nirguna brahman">Nirguna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saguna_brahman" title="Saguna brahman">Saguna</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Om" title="Om">Om</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saccid%C4%81nanda" title="Saccidānanda">Saccidānanda</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed">God</div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ishvara" title="Ishvara">Ishvara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deva_(Hinduism)" title="Deva (Hinduism)">Devas</a> / <a href="/wiki/Devi" title="Devi">Devi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devata" title="Devata">Devatas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/God_in_Hinduism" title="God in Hinduism">God in Hinduism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/God_and_gender_in_Hinduism" title="God and gender in Hinduism">God and gender</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Puru%E1%B9%A3%C4%81rtha" title="Puruṣārtha">Puruṣārtha (Meaning of life)</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dharma" title="Dharma">Dharma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artha" title="Artha">Artha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kama" title="Kama">Kama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moksha" title="Moksha">Moksha</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/%C4%80%C5%9Brama_(stage)" title="Āśrama (stage)">Āśrama (Stages of life)</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brahmacharya" title="Brahmacharya">Brahmacharya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%E1%B9%9Bhastha" title="Gṛhastha">Gṛhastha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C4%81naprastha" title="Vānaprastha">Vānaprastha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sannyasa" title="Sannyasa">Sannyasa</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Three_Yogas" title="Three Yogas">Three paths to liberation</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhakti_yoga" title="Bhakti yoga">Bhakti yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jnana_yoga" title="Jnana yoga">Jnana yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karma_yoga" title="Karma yoga">Karma yoga</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Moksha" title="Moksha">Liberation</a></div></dt></dl> <dl><dd><i>Mokṣa-related topics:</i></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paramatman" title="Paramatman">Paramātman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_(religion)" title="Maya (religion)">Maya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karma" title="Karma">Karma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sa%E1%B9%83s%C4%81ra" title="Saṃsāra">Saṃsāra</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed">Mind</div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C4%80tman_(Hinduism)" title="Ātman (Hinduism)">Ātman (self)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/An%C4%81tman_(Hinduism)" title="Anātman (Hinduism)">Anātman (non-self)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_bodies_doctrine" title="Three bodies doctrine">Sūkṣma śarīra (subtle body)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antahkarana" title="Antahkarana">Antaḥkaraṇa (mental organs)</a><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Praj%C3%B1%C4%81_(Hinduism)" title="Prajñā (Hinduism)">Prajña (wisdom)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%80nanda_(Hindu_philosophy)" title="Ānanda (Hindu philosophy)">Ānanda (happiness)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viveka" title="Viveka">Viveka (discernment)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vairagya" title="Vairagya">Vairagya (dispassion)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samatva" title="Samatva">Sama (equanimity)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temperance_(virtue)#Hinduism" title="Temperance (virtue)">Dama (temperance)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uparati" title="Uparati">Uparati (self-settledness)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titiksha" title="Titiksha">Titiksha (forbearance)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faith_in_Hinduism" title="Faith in Hinduism">Shraddha (faith)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam%C4%81dh%C4%81na" title="Samādhāna">Samadhana (concentration)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arishadvargas" title="Arishadvargas">Arishadvargas (six enemies)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahamkara" title="Ahamkara">Ahamkara (attachment)</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed">Ethics</div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethics_in_religion#Hindu_ethics" title="Ethics in religion">Niti śastra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamas" title="Yamas">Yamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niyama" title="Niyama">Niyama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahimsa" title="Ahimsa">Ahimsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achourya" title="Achourya">Achourya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-possession" title="Non-possession">Aparigraha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahmacharya" title="Brahmacharya">Brahmacharya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satya" title="Satya">Satya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temperance_(virtue)#Hinduism" title="Temperance (virtue)">Damah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compassion#Hinduism" title="Compassion">Dayā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akrodha" title="Akrodha">Akrodha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arjava" title="Arjava">Arjava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santosha" title="Santosha">Santosha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tapas_(Indian_religions)" title="Tapas (Indian religions)">Tapas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sv%C4%81dhy%C4%81ya" title="Svādhyāya">Svādhyāya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaucha" title="Shaucha">Shaucha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitahara" title="Mitahara">Mitahara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C4%81na" title="Dāna">Dāna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9A%C4%81stra_pram%C4%81%E1%B9%87am_in_Hinduism" class="mw-redirect" title="Śāstra pramāṇam in Hinduism">Sources of dharma</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Pramana" title="Pramana">Epistemology</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pratyaksha" title="Pratyaksha">Pratyakṣa (perception)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pramana#Anumāṇa" title="Pramana">Anumāṇa (inference)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upam%C4%81%E1%B9%87a" class="mw-redirect" title="Upamāṇa">Upamāṇa (comparison, analogy)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pramana#Arthāpatti" title="Pramana">Arthāpatti (postulation, presumption)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pramana#Anupalabdi" title="Pramana">Anupalabdi (non-perception, negation)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shabda" title="Shabda">Śabda (word, testimony)</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border:1px solid #FFC569;background:#FFC569;padding-top:0.1em;padding-left:3em; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Practices</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="text-align:center;padding-top:0; background-color:#FDE7B9; border:2px solid #FDE7B9"> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Worship_in_Hinduism" title="Worship in Hinduism">Worship</a>, sacrifice, and charity</div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Puja_(Hinduism)" title="Puja (Hinduism)">Puja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arti_(Hinduism)" title="Arti (Hinduism)">Ārtī</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prayer_in_Hinduism" title="Prayer in Hinduism">Prarthana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Arauta" title="Śrauta">Śrauta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_temple" title="Hindu temple">Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murti" title="Murti">Murti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhakti" title="Bhakti">Bhakti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japa" title="Japa">Japa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhajan" title="Bhajan">Bhajana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirtan" title="Kirtan">Kīrtana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yajna" title="Yajna">Yajna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homa_(ritual)" title="Homa (ritual)">Homa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarpana" title="Tarpana">Tarpana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vrata" title="Vrata">Vrata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pr%C4%81ya%C5%9Bcitta" title="Prāyaścitta">Prāyaścitta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirtha_(Hinduism)" title="Tirtha (Hinduism)">Tirtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yatra" title="Yatra">Yatra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_pilgrimage_sites_in_India" title="Hindu pilgrimage sites in India">Tirthadana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matha" title="Matha">Matha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_classical_dance" title="Indian classical dance">Nritta-Nritya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C4%81na" title="Dāna">Dāna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sev%C4%81" title="Sevā">Sevā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga" title="Yoga">Yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exorcism_in_Hinduism" title="Exorcism in Hinduism">Exorcism</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed">Meditation</div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tapas_(Indian_religions)" title="Tapas (Indian religions)">Tapas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhyana_in_Hinduism" title="Dhyana in Hinduism">Dhyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam%C4%81dh%C4%81na" title="Samādhāna">Samādhāna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nididhy%C4%81sana" title="Nididhyāsana">Nididhyāsana</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Yoga" title="Yoga">Yoga</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sadhu" title="Sadhu">Sadhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yogi" title="Yogi">Yogi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yogini" title="Yogini">Yogini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asana" title="Asana">Asana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C4%81dhan%C4%81" title="Sādhanā">Sādhanā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hatha_yoga" title="Hatha yoga">Hatha yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jnana_yoga" title="Jnana yoga">Jnana yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhakti_yoga" title="Bhakti yoga">Bhakti yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karma_yoga" title="Karma yoga">Karma yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C4%81ja_yoga" title="Rāja yoga">Rāja yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kundalini_yoga" title="Kundalini yoga">Kundalini yoga</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Hindu_art" title="Hindu art">Arts</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bharatanatyam" title="Bharatanatyam">Bharatanatyam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathak" title="Kathak">Kathak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathakali" title="Kathakali">Kathakali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuchipudi" title="Kuchipudi">Kuchipudi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manipuri_dance" title="Manipuri dance">Manipuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohiniyattam" title="Mohiniyattam">Mohiniyattam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odissi" title="Odissi">Odissi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sattriya" title="Sattriya">Sattriya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhagavata_Mela" title="Bhagavata Mela">Bhagavata Mela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakshagana" title="Yakshagana">Yakshagana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dandiya_Raas" title="Dandiya Raas">Dandiya Raas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnatic_music" title="Carnatic music">Carnatic music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandav_Lila" title="Pandav Lila">Pandav Lila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalaripayattu" title="Kalaripayattu">Kalaripayattu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silambam" title="Silambam">Silambam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adimurai" title="Adimurai">Adimurai</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Samskara_(rite_of_passage)" title="Samskara (rite of passage)">Rites of passage</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Garbhadhana" title="Garbhadhana">Garbhadhana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pumsavana" title="Pumsavana">Pumsavana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pumsavana_Simantonayana" title="Pumsavana Simantonayana">Pumsavana Simantonayana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simantonnayana" title="Simantonnayana">Simantonnayana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jatakarma" title="Jatakarma">Jatakarma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C4%81makara%E1%B9%87a" title="Nāmakaraṇa">Nāmakaraṇa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nishkramana" title="Nishkramana">Nishkramana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annaprashana" title="Annaprashana">Annaprashana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chudakarana" title="Chudakarana">Chudakarana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karnavedha" title="Karnavedha">Karnavedha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vidy%C4%81ra%E1%B9%83bha%E1%B9%83" title="Vidyāraṃbhaṃ">Vidyāraṃbhaṃ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upanayana" title="Upanayana">Upanayana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keshanta" title="Keshanta">Keshanta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ritu_Kala_Samskaram" title="Ritu Kala Samskaram">Ritushuddhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samavartanam" title="Samavartanam">Samavartanam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_wedding" title="Hindu wedding">Vivaha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antyesti" title="Antyesti">Antyesti</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hindu_festivals" title="List of Hindu festivals">Festivals</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diwali" title="Diwali">Diwali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holi" title="Holi">Holi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maha_Shivaratri" title="Maha Shivaratri">Maha Shivaratri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navaratri" title="Navaratri">Navaratri</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Durga_Puja" title="Durga Puja">Durga Puja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramlila" title="Ramlila">Ramlila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vijayadashami" title="Vijayadashami">Vijayadashami-Dussehra</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raksha_Bandhan" title="Raksha Bandhan">Raksha Bandhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganesh_Chaturthi" title="Ganesh Chaturthi">Ganesh Chaturthi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasant_Panchami" title="Vasant Panchami">Vasant Panchami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rama_Navami" title="Rama Navami">Rama Navami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krishna_Janmashtami" title="Krishna Janmashtami">Janmashtami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onam" title="Onam">Onam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makar_Sankranti" title="Makar Sankranti">Makar Sankranti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumbh_Mela" title="Kumbh Mela">Kumbh Mela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pongal_(festival)" title="Pongal (festival)">Pongal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugadi" title="Ugadi">Ugadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaisakhi" title="Vaisakhi">Vaisakhi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bihu" title="Bihu">Bihu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puthandu" title="Puthandu">Puthandu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishu" title="Vishu">Vishu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ratha_Yatra_(Puri)" title="Ratha Yatra (Puri)">Ratha Yatra</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border:1px solid #FFC569;background:#FFC569;padding-top:0.1em;padding-left:3em; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Hindu_philosophy" title="Hindu philosophy">Philosophical schools</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="text-align:center;padding-top:0; background-color:#FDE7B9; border:2px solid #FDE7B9"> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Astika" class="mw-redirect" title="Astika">Six Astika schools</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samkhya" title="Samkhya">Samkhya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_(philosophy)" title="Yoga (philosophy)">Yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyaya" title="Nyaya">Nyaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaisheshika" title="Vaisheshika">Vaisheshika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%ABm%C4%81%E1%B9%83s%C4%81" title="Mīmāṃsā">Mīmāṃsā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vedanta" title="Vedanta">Vedanta</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Advaita_Vedanta" title="Advaita Vedanta">Advaita</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dvaita_Vedanta" title="Dvaita Vedanta">Dvaita</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vishishtadvaita" title="Vishishtadvaita">Vishishtadvaita</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Achintya_Bheda_Abheda" title="Achintya Bheda Abheda">Achintya Bheda Abheda</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shuddhadvaita" title="Shuddhadvaita">Shuddhadvaita</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Svabhavika_Bhedabheda" class="mw-redirect" title="Svabhavika Bhedabheda">Svabhavika Bhedabheda</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Akshar_Purushottam_Darshan" title="Akshar Purushottam Darshan">Akshar Purushottam Darshan</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed">Other schools</div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C4%80j%C4%ABvika" title="Ājīvika">Ājīvika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jainism" title="Jainism">Jainism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charvaka" title="Charvaka">Charvaka</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border:1px solid #FFC569;background:#FFC569;padding-top:0.1em;padding-left:3em; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hindu_gurus_and_sants" title="List of Hindu gurus and sants">Gurus, Rishi, Philosophers</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="text-align:center;padding-top:0; background-color:#FDE7B9; border:2px solid #FDE7B9"> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient India">Ancient</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saptarshi" title="Saptarshi">Saptarshi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vashistha" class="mw-redirect" title="Vashistha">Vashistha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashyapa" title="Kashyapa">Kashyapa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atri" title="Atri">Atri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamadagni" title="Jamadagni">Jamadagni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyaya_Sutras" class="mw-redirect" title="Nyaya Sutras">Gotama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishvamitra" title="Vishvamitra">Vishvamitra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bharadwaja" class="mw-redirect" title="Bharadwaja">Bharadwaja</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agastya" title="Agastya">Agastya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angiras" title="Angiras">Angiras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aruni" class="mw-redirect" title="Aruni">Aruni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashtavakra" title="Ashtavakra">Ashtavakra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaimini" title="Jaimini">Jaimini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanada_(philosopher)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kanada (philosopher)">Kanada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kapila" title="Kapila">Kapila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patanjali" title="Patanjali">Patanjali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C4%81%E1%B9%87ini" title="Pāṇini">Pāṇini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prashastapada" title="Prashastapada">Prashastapada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raikva" title="Raikva">Raikva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satyakama_Jabala" class="mw-redirect" title="Satyakama Jabala">Satyakama Jabala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valmiki" title="Valmiki">Valmiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vyasa" title="Vyasa">Vyasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yajnavalkya" title="Yajnavalkya">Yajnavalkya</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Medieval_India" title="Medieval India">Medieval</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abhinavagupta" title="Abhinavagupta">Abhinavagupta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adi_Shankara" title="Adi Shankara">Adi Shankara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akka_Mahadevi" title="Akka Mahadevi">Akka Mahadevi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allama_Prabhu" title="Allama Prabhu">Allama Prabhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alvars" title="Alvars">Alvars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basava" title="Basava">Basava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaitanya_Mahaprabhu" title="Chaitanya Mahaprabhu">Chaitanya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramdas_Kathiababa" title="Ramdas Kathiababa">Ramdas Kathiababa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chakradhar_Swami" title="Chakradhar Swami">Chakradhara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changdev" class="mw-redirect" title="Changdev">Chāngadeva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dadu_Dayal" title="Dadu Dayal">Dadu Dayal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eknath" title="Eknath">Eknath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gangesha_Upadhyaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Gangesha Upadhyaya">Gangesha Upadhyaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaudapada" title="Gaudapada">Gaudapada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorakshanath" class="mw-redirect" title="Gorakshanath">Gorakshanatha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haridasa_Thakur" title="Haridasa Thakur">Haridasa Thakur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hith_Harivansh_Mahaprabhu" title="Hith Harivansh Mahaprabhu">Harivansh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jagannatha_Dasa_(Odia_poet)" title="Jagannatha Dasa (Odia poet)">Jagannatha Dasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jayanta_Bhatta" title="Jayanta Bhatta">Jayanta Bhatta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jayatirtha" title="Jayatirtha">Jayatīrtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiva_Goswami" title="Jiva Goswami">Jiva Goswami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B1%C4%81ne%C5%9Bvar" class="mw-redirect" title="Jñāneśvar">Jñāneśvar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabir" title="Kabir">Kabir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanaka_Dasa" title="Kanaka Dasa">Kanaka Dasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kum%C4%81rila_Bha%E1%B9%AD%E1%B9%ADa" title="Kumārila Bhaṭṭa">Kumārila Bhaṭṭa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madhus%C5%ABdana_Sarasvat%C4%AB" title="Madhusūdana Sarasvatī">Madhusūdana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madhvacharya" title="Madhvacharya">Madhva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matsyendranath" class="mw-redirect" title="Matsyendranath">Matsyendranatha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morya_Gosavi" title="Morya Gosavi">Morya Gosavi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mukundraj" title="Mukundraj">Mukundarāja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namdev" title="Namdev">Namadeva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narahari_Tirtha" title="Narahari Tirtha">Narahari Tirtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narasimha_Saraswati" title="Narasimha Saraswati">Narasimha Saraswati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nayanars" title="Nayanars">Nayanars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nimbarkacharya" class="mw-redirect" title="Nimbarkacharya">Nimbarkacharya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Srinivasacharya" title="Srinivasacharya">Srinivasacharya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prabh%C4%81kara" title="Prabhākara">Prabhākara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purandara_Dasa" title="Purandara Dasa">Purandara Dasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raghavendra_Swami" class="mw-redirect" title="Raghavendra Swami">Raghavendra Swami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raghunatha_Siromani" title="Raghunatha Siromani">Raghunatha Siromani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raghuttama_Tirtha" title="Raghuttama Tirtha">Raghuttama Tirtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram_Charan_(guru)" title="Ram Charan (guru)">Ram Charan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramananda" title="Ramananda">Ramananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramanuja" title="Ramanuja">Ramanuja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramprasad_Sen" title="Ramprasad Sen">Ramprasad Sen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravidas" title="Ravidas">Ravidas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rupa_Goswami" title="Rupa Goswami">Rupa Goswami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samarth_Ramdas" title="Samarth Ramdas">Samarth Ramdas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sankardev" title="Sankardev">Sankardev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satyanatha_Tirtha" title="Satyanatha Tirtha">Satyanatha Tirtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siddheshwar" title="Siddheshwar">Siddheshwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sripada_Srivallabha" class="mw-redirect" title="Sripada Srivallabha">Sripada Srivallabha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sripadaraja" title="Sripadaraja">Sripadaraja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surdas" title="Surdas">Surdas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swaminarayan" title="Swaminarayan">Swaminarayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syama_Sastri" title="Syama Sastri">Śyāma Śastri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tukaram" title="Tukaram">Tukaram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulsidas" title="Tulsidas">Tulsidas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyagaraja" title="Tyagaraja">Tyagaraja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C4%81caspati_Mi%C5%9Bra" class="mw-redirect" title="Vācaspati Miśra">Vācaspati Miśra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vadiraja_Tirtha" title="Vadiraja Tirtha">Vadiraja Tirtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vallabha" title="Vallabha">Vallabha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiruvalluvar" title="Thiruvalluvar">Valluvar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vedanta_Desika" title="Vedanta Desika">Vedanta Desika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vidyaranya" title="Vidyaranya">Vidyaranya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vyasaraja" class="mw-redirect" title="Vyasaraja">Vyasaraja</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed">Modern</div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Aurobindo" title="Sri Aurobindo">Aurobindo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhaktisiddhanta_Sarasvati" title="Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati">Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhaktivinoda_Thakur" title="Bhaktivinoda Thakur">Bhaktivinoda Thakur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandrashekarendra_Saraswati" class="mw-redirect" title="Chandrashekarendra Saraswati">Chandrashekarendra Saraswati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinmayananda" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinmayananda">Chinmayananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dayananda_Saraswati" title="Dayananda Saraswati">Dayananda Saraswati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaggi_Vasudev" class="mw-redirect" title="Jaggi Vasudev">Jaggi Vasudev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krishnananda_Saraswati" title="Krishnananda Saraswati">Krishnananda Saraswati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahavatar_Babaji" title="Mahavatar Babaji">Mahavatar Babaji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maharishi_Mahesh_Yogi" title="Maharishi Mahesh Yogi">Mahesh Yogi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narayana_Guru" title="Narayana Guru">Narayana Guru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigamananda_Paramahansa" title="Nigamananda Paramahansa">Nigamananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nisargadatta_Maharaj" title="Nisargadatta Maharaj">Nisargadatta Maharaj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._C._Bhaktivedanta_Swami_Prabhupada" title="A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada">Prabhupada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarvepalli_Radhakrishnan" title="Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan">Radhakrishnan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramachandra_Dattatrya_Ranade" class="mw-redirect" title="Ramachandra Dattatrya Ranade">R. D. Ranade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramakrishna" title="Ramakrishna">Ramakrishna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Rama_Tirtha" class="mw-redirect" title="Swami Rama Tirtha">Rama Tirtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramana_Maharshi" title="Ramana Maharshi">Ramana Maharshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravi_Shankar_(spiritual_leader)" title="Ravi Shankar (spiritual leader)">Ravi Shankar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Ramdas" title="Swami Ramdas">Ramdas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Samarth" title="Swami Samarth">Samarth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sathya_Sai_Baba" title="Sathya Sai Baba">Sathya Sai Baba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sai_Baba_of_Shirdi" title="Sai Baba of Shirdi">Shirdi Sai Baba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Shraddhanand" title="Swami Shraddhanand">Shraddhanand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satyadhyana_Tirtha" title="Satyadhyana Tirtha">Satyadhyana Tirtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siddharameshwar_Maharaj" class="mw-redirect" title="Siddharameshwar Maharaj">Siddharameshwar Maharaj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sivananda_Saraswati" title="Sivananda Saraswati">Sivananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trailanga" title="Trailanga">Trailanga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U._G._Krishnamurti" title="U. G. Krishnamurti">U. G. Krishnamurti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upasni_Maharaj" class="mw-redirect" title="Upasni Maharaj">Upasni Maharaj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vethathiri_Maharishi" title="Vethathiri Maharishi">Vethathiri Maharishi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Vivekananda" title="Swami Vivekananda">Vivekananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paramahansa_Yogananda" title="Paramahansa Yogananda">Yogananda</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border:1px solid #FFC569;background:#FFC569;padding-top:0.1em;padding-left:3em; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Hindu_texts" title="Hindu texts">Texts</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="text-align:center;padding-top:0; background-color:#FDE7B9; border:2px solid #FDE7B9"> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/%C5%9A%C4%81stra_pram%C4%81%E1%B9%87am_in_Hinduism" class="mw-redirect" title="Śāstra pramāṇam in Hinduism">Sources and classification of scripture</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Aruti" title="Śruti">Śruti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sm%E1%B9%9Bti" title="Smṛti">Smṛti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%80c%C4%81ra" title="Ācāra">Ācāra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atmatusti" title="Atmatusti">Ātmatuṣṭi</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Hindu_texts" title="Hindu texts">Scriptures</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Hindu_texts" title="Timeline of Hindu texts">Timeline of Hindu texts</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Vedas" title="Vedas">Vedas</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Rigveda" title="Rigveda">Rigveda</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yajurveda" title="Yajurveda">Yajurveda</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Samaveda" title="Samaveda">Samaveda</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Atharvaveda" title="Atharvaveda">Atharvaveda</a></i></li></ul> <dl><dd><i>Divisions</i></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samhitapatha" class="mw-redirect" title="Samhitapatha">Samhita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahmana" title="Brahmana">Brahmana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aranyaka" title="Aranyaka">Aranyaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upanishads" title="Upanishads">Upanishads</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Upanishads" title="Upanishads">Upanishads</a></div></dt></dl> <dl><dd><i>Rigveda:</i></dd></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Aitareya_Upanishad" title="Aitareya Upanishad">Aitareya</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kaushitaki_Upanishad" title="Kaushitaki Upanishad">Kaushitaki</a></i></li></ul> <dl><dd><i>Yajurveda:</i></dd></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Brihadaranyaka_Upanishad" title="Brihadaranyaka Upanishad">Brihadaranyaka</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Isha_Upanishad" title="Isha Upanishad">Isha</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Taittiriya_Upanishad" title="Taittiriya Upanishad">Taittiriya</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Katha_Upanishad" title="Katha Upanishad">Katha</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shvetashvatara_Upanishad" title="Shvetashvatara Upanishad">Shvetashvatara</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Maitrayaniya_Upanishad" title="Maitrayaniya Upanishad">Maitri</a></i></li></ul> <dl><dd><i>Samaveda:</i></dd></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Chandogya_Upanishad" title="Chandogya Upanishad">Chandogya</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kena_Upanishad" title="Kena Upanishad">Kena</a></i></li></ul> <dl><dd><i>Atharvaveda:</i></dd></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Mundaka_Upanishad" title="Mundaka Upanishad">Mundaka</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mandukya_Upanishad" title="Mandukya Upanishad">Mandukya</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Prashna_Upanishad" title="Prashna Upanishad">Prashna</a></i></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Vedangas" class="mw-redirect" title="Vedangas">Vedangas</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shiksha" title="Shiksha">Shiksha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vedic_metre" title="Vedic metre">Chandas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vy%C4%81kara%E1%B9%87a" title="Vyākaraṇa">Vyākaraṇa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nirukta" title="Nirukta">Nirukta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalpa_(Vedanga)" title="Kalpa (Vedanga)">Kalpa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jyotisha" class="mw-redirect" title="Jyotisha">Jyotisha</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hindu_scriptures" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Hindu scriptures">Other scriptures</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Bhagavad_Gita" title="Bhagavad Gita">Bhagavad Gita</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agama_(Hinduism)" title="Agama (Hinduism)"><i>Agama</i>s (Hinduism)</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Itihasa-Purana" title="Itihasa-Purana">Itihasas</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ramayana" title="Ramayana">Ramayana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mahabharata" title="Mahabharata">Mahabharata</a></i></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Puranas" title="Puranas">Puranas</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Vishnu_Purana" title="Vishnu Purana">Vishnu Purana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bhagavata_Purana" title="Bhagavata Purana">Bhagavata Purana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Devi_Bhagavata_Purana" title="Devi Bhagavata Purana">Devi Bhagavata Purana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Naradiya_Purana" title="Naradiya Purana">Naradiya Purana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vamana_Purana" title="Vamana Purana">Vāmana Purana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Matsya_Purana" title="Matsya Purana">Matsya Purana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Garuda_Purana" title="Garuda Purana">Garuda Purana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Brahma_Purana" title="Brahma Purana">Brahma Purana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Brahmanda_Purana" title="Brahmanda Purana">Brahmanda Purana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Brahma_Vaivarta_Purana" title="Brahma Vaivarta Purana">Brahma Vaivarta Purana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bhavishya_Purana" title="Bhavishya Purana">Bhavishya Purana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Padma_Purana" title="Padma Purana">Padma Purana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Agni_Purana" title="Agni Purana">Agni Purana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shiva_Purana" title="Shiva Purana">Shiva Purana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Linga_Purana" title="Linga Purana">Linga Purana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kurma_Purana" title="Kurma Purana">Kūrma Purana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Skanda_Purana" title="Skanda Purana">Skanda Purana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Varaha_Purana" title="Varaha Purana">Varaha Purana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Markandeya_Purana" title="Markandeya Purana">Markandeya Purana</a></i></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Vedas#Upaveda" title="Vedas">Upavedas</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ayurveda" title="Ayurveda">Ayurveda</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dhanurveda" title="Dhanurveda">Dhanurveda</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gandharvaveda" class="mw-redirect" title="Gandharvaveda">Gandharvaveda</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sthapatyaveda" class="mw-redirect" title="Sthapatyaveda">Sthapatyaveda</a></i></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Shastra" title="Shastra">Shastras</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sutra" title="Sutra">sutras</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Samhita" title="Samhita">samhitas</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Dharma%C5%9B%C4%81stra" title="Dharmaśāstra">Dharma Shastra</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Arthashastra" title="Arthashastra">Artha Śastra</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shilpa_Shastras" title="Shilpa Shastras">Shilpa Shastras</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kama_Sutra" title="Kama Sutra">Kama Sutra</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Brahma_Sutras" title="Brahma Sutras">Brahma Sutras</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Samkhya_Pravachana_Sutra" title="Samkhya Pravachana Sutra">Samkhya Sutras</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Purva_Mimamsa_Sutras" title="Purva Mimamsa Sutras">Mimamsa Sutras</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ny%C4%81ya_S%C5%ABtras" title="Nyāya Sūtras">Nyāya Sūtras</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vai%C5%9Be%E1%B9%A3ika_S%C5%ABtra" title="Vaiśeṣika Sūtra">Vaiśeṣika Sūtra</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yoga_Sutras_of_Patanjali" title="Yoga Sutras of Patanjali">Yoga Sutras</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pramana" title="Pramana">Pramana Sutras</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Charaka_Samhita" title="Charaka Samhita">Charaka Samhita</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sushruta_Samhita" title="Sushruta Samhita">Sushruta Samhita</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Natya_Shastra" title="Natya Shastra">Natya Shastra</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Panchatantra" title="Panchatantra">Panchatantra</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Naalayira_Divya_Prabandham" title="Naalayira Divya Prabandham">Naalayira Divya Prabandham</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tirumurai" title="Tirumurai">Tirumurai</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ramcharitmanas" title="Ramcharitmanas">Ramcharitmanas</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yoga_Vasistha" title="Yoga Vasistha">Yoga Vasistha</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shiva_Swarodaya" title="Shiva Swarodaya">Swara yoga</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Panchadasi" title="Panchadasi">Panchadasi</a></i></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Stotra" title="Stotra">Stotras</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_suktas_and_stutis" title="List of suktas and stutis">stutis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bhashya" title="Bhashya">Bhashya</a> </div></dt></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Kanakadhara_Stotra" title="Kanakadhara Stotra">Kanakadhara Stotra</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shiva_Stuti" title="Shiva Stuti">Shiva Stuti</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vayu_Stuti" title="Vayu Stuti">Vayu Stuti</a></i></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Tamil_literature" title="Tamil literature">Tamil literature</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Tirumurai" title="Tirumurai">Tirumurai</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Naalayira_Divya_Prabandham" title="Naalayira Divya Prabandham">Naalayira Divya Prabandham</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tirumuruk%C4%81%E1%B9%9F%E1%B9%9Fuppa%E1%B9%ADai" title="Tirumurukāṟṟuppaṭai">Tirumurukāṟṟuppaṭai</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tiruppukal" title="Tiruppukal">Tiruppukal</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kural" title="Kural">Kural</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kamba_Ramayanam" class="mw-redirect" title="Kamba Ramayanam">Kamba Ramayanam/Ramavataram</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Five_Great_Epics" title="Five Great Epics">Five Great Epics</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eighteen_Greater_Texts" title="Eighteen Greater Texts">Eighteen Greater Texts</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eighteen_Lesser_Texts" title="Eighteen Lesser Texts">Eighteen Lesser Texts</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Athichudi" title="Athichudi">Athichudi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Iraiyanar_Akapporul" title="Iraiyanar Akapporul">Iraiyanar Akapporul</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Abirami_Antati" title="Abirami Antati">Abirami Antati</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thiruvilaiyadal_Puranam" title="Thiruvilaiyadal Puranam">Thiruvilaiyadal Puranam</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vinayagar_Agaval" title="Vinayagar Agaval">Vinayagar Agaval</a></i></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed; border-bottom:1px dotted"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hindu_texts" title="List of Hindu texts">Other texts</a></div></dt></dl></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border:1px solid #FFC569;background:#FFC569;padding-top:0.1em;padding-left:3em; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Hindu Culture & Society</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="text-align:center;padding-top:0; background-color:#FDE7B9; border:2px solid #FDE7B9"> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed">Society</div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Varna_(Hinduism)" title="Varna (Hinduism)">Varna</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brahmin" title="Brahmin">Brahmin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kshatriya" title="Kshatriya">Kshatriya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kayastha" title="Kayastha">Kayastha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaishya" title="Vaishya">Vaishya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shudra" title="Shudra">Shudra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalit" title="Dalit">Dalit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C4%81ti" title="Jāti">Jāti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gotra" title="Gotra">Gotra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dvija" title="Dvija">Dvija</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dasa" title="Dasa">Dasa</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed">Hindu Art</div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_art" title="Hindu art">Hindu art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_iconography" title="Hindu iconography">Hindu iconography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shilpa_Shastras" title="Shilpa Shastras">Shilpa Shastras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rasa_(aesthetics)" title="Rasa (aesthetics)">Rasa (aesthetics)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_aesthetics" title="Indian aesthetics">Indian aesthetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yantra" title="Yantra">Yantra</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed">Hindu Architecture</div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_architecture" title="Hindu architecture">Hindu architecture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_temple_architecture" title="Hindu temple architecture">Hindu temple architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vastu_shastra" title="Vastu shastra">Vastu shastra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talamana" title="Talamana">Talamana</a></li></ul></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed">Hindu Music</div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_music" title="Hindu music">Hindu music</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shruti_(music)" title="Shruti (music)">Shruti (music)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Svara" title="Svara">Svara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alank%C4%81ra" title="Alankāra">Alankāra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tala_(music)" title="Tala (music)">Tala (music)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raga" title="Raga">Raga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rasa_(aesthetics)" title="Rasa (aesthetics)">Rasa (aesthetics)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sangita" title="Sangita">Sangita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vadya" title="Vadya">Vadya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natya_Shastra" title="Natya Shastra">Natya Shastra</a></li></ul></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed">Food & Diet Customs</div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahimsa" title="Ahimsa">Ahimsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diet_in_Hinduism" title="Diet in Hinduism">Diet in Hinduism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sattvic_diet" title="Sattvic diet">Sattvic diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitahara" title="Mitahara">Mitahara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jhatka" title="Jhatka">Jhatka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vrata" title="Vrata">Vrata</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed">Time Keeping Practices</div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_units_of_time" title="Hindu units of time">Hindu units of time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_calendar" title="Hindu calendar">Hindu calendar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panchangam" title="Panchangam">Panchangam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vikram_Samvat" title="Vikram Samvat">Vikram Samvat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaka_era" title="Shaka era">Shaka era</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed">Hindu Pilgrimage</div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_pilgrimage_sites" title="Hindu pilgrimage sites">Pilgrimage sites</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed">Other society-related topics:</div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Hindu_sentiment" title="Anti-Hindu sentiment">Discrimination</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Hindus" title="Persecution of Hindus">Persecution</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_nationalism" title="Hindu nationalism">Nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindutva" title="Hindutva">Hindutva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hindu_organisations" title="List of Hindu organisations">Organisations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_reform_movements" title="Hindu reform movements">Reform movements</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border:1px solid #FFC569;background:#FFC569;padding-top:0.1em;padding-left:3em; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Hinduism" title="Portal:Hinduism">Other topics</a></div><div 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Vaishnavism" title="Category:Vaishnavism">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background-color: #c9d5f2; border-color: #001A57"><a href="/wiki/Vaishnavism" title="Vaishnavism"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#001A57">Vaishnavism</span></a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span class="mw-default-size notpageimage" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Git_govind_large.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Closeup of Vishnu, seated in the lotus position on a lotus. From depiction of the poet Jayadeva bowing to Vishnu, Gouache on paper Pahari, The very picture of devotion, bare-bodied, head bowed, legs crossed and hands folded, Jayadeva stands at left, with the implements of worship placed before the lotus-seat of Vishnu who sits there, blessing the poet."><img alt="Closeup of Vishnu, seated in the lotus position on a lotus. From depiction of the poet Jayadeva bowing to Vishnu, Gouache on paper Pahari, The very picture of devotion, bare-bodied, head bowed, legs crossed and hands folded, Jayadeva stands at left, with the implements of worship placed before the lotus-seat of Vishnu who sits there, blessing the poet." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Git_govind_large.jpg/220px-Git_govind_large.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Git_govind_large.jpg/330px-Git_govind_large.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Git_govind_large.jpg/440px-Git_govind_large.jpg 2x" data-file-width="604" data-file-height="386" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-bottom:0; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#001A57">Supreme deity</span></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Vishnu" title="Vishnu">Vishnu</a> / <a href="/wiki/Krishna" title="Krishna">Krishna</a> / <a href="/wiki/Rama" title="Rama">Rama</a></dt></dl></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-bottom:0; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#001A57">Important deities</span></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Dashavatara" title="Dashavatara">Dashavatara</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Matsya" title="Matsya">Matsya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurma" title="Kurma">Kurma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varaha" title="Varaha">Varaha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narasimha" title="Narasimha">Narasimha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vamana" title="Vamana">Vamana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parasurama" class="mw-redirect" title="Parasurama">Parasurama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rama" title="Rama">Rama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balarama" title="Balarama">Balarama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krishna" title="Krishna">Krishna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gautama_Buddha_in_Hinduism" class="mw-redirect" title="Gautama Buddha in Hinduism">Buddha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalki" title="Kalki">Kalki</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Other forms</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dhanvantari" title="Dhanvantari">Dhanvantari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guruvayurappan" title="Guruvayurappan">Guruvayurappan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hayagriva" title="Hayagriva">Hayagriva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jagannath" title="Jagannath">Jagannath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohini" title="Mohini">Mohini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nara-Narayana" title="Nara-Narayana">Nara-Narayana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prithu" title="Prithu">Prithu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrinathji" title="Shrinathji">Shrinathji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venkateshvara" class="mw-redirect" title="Venkateshvara">Venkateshvara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vithoba" title="Vithoba">Vithoba</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Shakti" title="Shakti">Consorts</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lakshmi" title="Lakshmi">Lakshmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhumi_(goddess)" title="Bhumi (goddess)">Bhumi</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radha" title="Radha">Radha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rukmini" title="Rukmini">Rukmini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alamelu" class="mw-redirect" title="Alamelu">Alamelu</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Related</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Garuda" title="Garuda">Garuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanuman" title="Hanuman">Hanuman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shesha" title="Shesha">Shesha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shasta_(deity)" title="Shasta (deity)">Shasta</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-bottom:0; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Hindu_scriptures" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu scriptures"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#001A57">Holy scriptures</span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vedas" title="Vedas">Vedas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upanishads" title="Upanishads">Upanishads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaikhanasa" title="Vaikhanasa">Vaikhanasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pancharatra" title="Pancharatra">Pancharatra</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bhagavad_Gita" title="Bhagavad Gita">Bhagavad Gita</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mahabharata" title="Mahabharata">Mahabharata</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ramayana" title="Ramayana">Ramayana</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harivamsa" class="mw-redirect" title="Harivamsa">Harivamsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divya_Prabandha" class="mw-redirect" title="Divya Prabandha">Divya Prabandha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gita_Govinda" title="Gita Govinda">Gita Govinda</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Puranas" title="Puranas">Puranas</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vishnu_Purana" title="Vishnu Purana">Vishnu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhagavata_Purana" title="Bhagavata Purana">Bhagavata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naradiya_Purana" title="Naradiya Purana">Naradiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garuda_Purana" title="Garuda Purana">Garuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padma_Purana" title="Padma Purana">Padma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agni_Purana" title="Agni Purana">Agni</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-bottom:0; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#001A57">Sampradayas</span></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Sampradaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Sri Sampradaya">Sri</a> (<a href="/wiki/Vishishtadvaita" title="Vishishtadvaita">Vishishtadvaita</a>, <a href="/wiki/Akshar_Purushottam_Darshan" title="Akshar Purushottam Darshan">Akshar Purushottam Darshan</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudra_Sampradaya" title="Rudra Sampradaya">Rudra</a> (<a href="/wiki/Shuddhadvaita" title="Shuddhadvaita">Śuddhādvaita</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kum%C4%81ra_Sampradaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Kumāra Sampradaya">Kumara</a> (<a href="/wiki/Dvaitadvaita" class="mw-redirect" title="Dvaitadvaita">Dvaitadvaita</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahma_Sampradaya" title="Brahma Sampradaya">Brahma</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tattvavada" class="mw-redirect" title="Tattvavada">Tattvavada</a> or (<a href="/wiki/Dvaita" class="mw-redirect" title="Dvaita">Dvaita</a>)), <a href="/wiki/Achintya_Bheda_Abheda" title="Achintya Bheda Abheda">Acintyabhedabheda</a>)</li></ul> <dl><dd><b>Others</b></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ekasarana_Dharma" title="Ekasarana Dharma">Ekasarana Dharma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahanubhava" title="Mahanubhava">Mahanubhava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pranami_Sampraday" class="mw-redirect" title="Pranami Sampraday">Pranami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radha_Vallabh_Sampradaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Radha Vallabh Sampradaya">Radha Vallabha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramsnehi" class="mw-redirect" title="Ramsnehi">Ramsnehi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sant_Mat" title="Sant Mat">Sant Mat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaishnava-Sahajiya" class="mw-redirect" title="Vaishnava-Sahajiya">Vaishnava-Sahajiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warkari" title="Warkari">Warkari</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-bottom:0; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Acharya" title="Acharya"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#001A57">Teachers—acharyas</span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chaitanya_Mahaprabhu" title="Chaitanya Mahaprabhu">Chaitanya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chakradhar_Swami" title="Chakradhar Swami">Chakradhara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dadu_Dayal" title="Dadu Dayal">Dadu Dayal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hith_Harivansh_Mahaprabhu" title="Hith Harivansh Mahaprabhu">Harivansh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jayatirtha" title="Jayatirtha">Jayatirtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiva_Goswami" title="Jiva Goswami">Jiva Goswami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dnyaneshwar" title="Dnyaneshwar">Jñāneśvara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabir" title="Kabir">Kabir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madhavdev" title="Madhavdev">Madhavdev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madhvacharya" title="Madhvacharya">Madhvacharya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manavala_Mamunigal" title="Manavala Mamunigal">Manavala Mamunigal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namdev" title="Namdev">Namadeva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nammalvar" title="Nammalvar">Nammalvar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathamuni" title="Nathamuni">Nathamuni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nimbarka" title="Nimbarka">Nimbarka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Srinivasacharya" title="Srinivasacharya">Srinivasacharya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padmanabha_Tirtha" title="Padmanabha Tirtha">Padmanabha Tirtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pillai_Lokacharya" title="Pillai Lokacharya">Pillai Lokacharya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purandara_Dasa" title="Purandara Dasa">Purandara Dasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raghuttama_Tirtha" title="Raghuttama Tirtha">Raghuttama Tirtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raghavendra_Tirtha" title="Raghavendra Tirtha">Raghavendra Tirtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram_Charan_(guru)" title="Ram Charan (guru)">Ram Charan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramananda" title="Ramananda">Ramananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramanuja" title="Ramanuja">Ramanuja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravidas" title="Ravidas">Ravidas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satyanatha_Tirtha" title="Satyanatha Tirtha">Satyanatha Tirtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satyabhinava_Tirtha" title="Satyabhinava Tirtha">Satyabhinava Tirtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satyabodha_Tirtha" title="Satyabodha Tirtha">Satyabodha Tirtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satyadharma_Tirtha" title="Satyadharma Tirtha">Satyadharma Tirtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satyadhyana_Tirtha" title="Satyadhyana Tirtha">Satyadhyana Tirtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samarth_Ramdas" title="Samarth Ramdas">Samarth Ramdas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sankardev" title="Sankardev">Sankardev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swaminarayan" title="Swaminarayan">Swaminarayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sripadaraja" title="Sripadaraja">Sripadaraja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tukaram" title="Tukaram">Tukaram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulsidas" title="Tulsidas">Tulsidas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vallabha" title="Vallabha">Vallabha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vedanta_Desika" title="Vedanta Desika">Vedanta Desika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vidyapati" title="Vidyapati">Vidyapati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishnuswami" title="Vishnuswami">Vishnuswami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitthalanatha" title="Vitthalanatha">Viṭṭhalanātha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vyasatirtha" title="Vyasatirtha">Vyasatirtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vadiraja_Tirtha" title="Vadiraja Tirtha">Vadiraja Tirtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamunacharya" title="Yamunacharya">Yamunacharya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Kantha_Krishnamacharyulu" title="Sri Kantha Krishnamacharyulu">Sri Kantha Krishnamacharyulu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annamacharya" title="Annamacharya">Annamacharya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhadrachala_Ramadasu" title="Bhadrachala Ramadasu">Bhadrachala Ramadasu</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-bottom:0; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#001A57">Related traditions</span></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhagavatism" class="mw-redirect" title="Bhagavatism">Bhagavatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaikhanasas" class="mw-redirect" title="Vaikhanasas">Vaikhanasas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pancharatra" title="Pancharatra">Pancharatra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Vaishnavism#Tenkalai_("southern")_-_Manavala_Mamunigal" title="Sri Vaishnavism">Tenkalai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Vaishnavism#Vadakalai_("northern")_-_Vedanta_Desika" title="Sri Vaishnavism">Vadakalai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munitraya_Sampradayam" class="mw-redirect" title="Munitraya Sampradayam">Munitraya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krishnaism" title="Krishnaism">Krishnaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jagannath" title="Jagannath">Jagannathism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haridasa" title="Haridasa">Haridasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaishnava-Sahajiya" class="mw-redirect" title="Vaishnava-Sahajiya">Sahajiya</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baul" title="Baul">Baul</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pushtimarg" class="mw-redirect" title="Pushtimarg">Pushtimarg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaudiya_Vaishnavism" title="Gaudiya Vaishnavism">Gaudiya</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Society_for_Krishna_Consciousness" title="International Society for Krishna Consciousness">ISKCON</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramanandi" class="mw-redirect" title="Ramanandi">Ramanandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kapadi" title="Kapadi">Kapadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balmikism" title="Balmikism">Balmiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabir_panth" title="Kabir panth">Kabir panth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dadu_Dayal" title="Dadu Dayal">Dadu panth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahanam_Sampraday" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahanam Sampraday">Mahanam</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Vaishnavism" title="Template:Vaishnavism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Vaishnavism" title="Template talk:Vaishnavism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Vaishnavism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Vaishnavism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Sita</b> (<a href="/wiki/Sanskrit_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanskrit language">Sanskrit</a>: <span lang="sa">सीता</span>; <a href="/wiki/IAST" class="mw-redirect" title="IAST">IAST</a>: <span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">Sītā</i></span>), also known as <b>Siya</b>, <b>Jānaki</b> and <b>Maithili</b>, is a <a href="/wiki/Hindu_goddess" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu goddess">Hindu goddess</a> and the female protagonist of the Hindu epic <i><a href="/wiki/Ramayana" title="Ramayana">Ramayana</a></i>. Sita is the consort of <a href="/wiki/Rama" title="Rama">Rama</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Avatar" title="Avatar">avatar</a> of god <a href="/wiki/Vishnu" title="Vishnu">Vishnu</a>, and is regarded as an avatar of goddess <a href="/wiki/Lakshmi" title="Lakshmi">Lakshmi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Moor_1810_316_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Moor_1810_316-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She is the chief goddess of the <a href="/wiki/Ramanandi_Sampradaya" title="Ramanandi Sampradaya">Ramanandi Sampradaya</a> and is the goddess of beauty and devotion. Sita's birthday is celebrated every year on the occasion of <a href="/wiki/Sita_Navami" title="Sita Navami">Sita Navami</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Described as the daughter of <a href="/wiki/Bh%C5%ABmi" class="mw-redirect" title="Bhūmi">Bhūmi</a> (the earth), Sita is brought up as the adopted daughter of King <a href="/wiki/Janaka" title="Janaka">Janaka</a> of <a href="/wiki/Videha" title="Videha">Videha</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Sutherland_AOS_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sutherland_AOS-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Parmeshwaranand_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Parmeshwaranand-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sita, in her youth, chooses Rama, the prince of <a href="/wiki/Ayodhya_(Ramayana)" title="Ayodhya (Ramayana)">Ayodhya</a> as her husband in a <a href="/wiki/Swayamvara" class="mw-redirect" title="Swayamvara">swayamvara</a>. After the <a href="/wiki/Sita_Swayamvara" title="Sita Swayamvara">swayamvara</a>, she accompanies her husband to his kingdom but later chooses to accompany him along with her brother-in-law <a href="/wiki/Lakshmana" title="Lakshmana">Lakshmana</a>, in his exile. While in exile, the trio settles in the <a href="/wiki/Dandaka" class="mw-redirect" title="Dandaka">Dandaka</a> forest from where she is abducted by <a href="/wiki/Ravana" title="Ravana">Ravana</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Rakshasa" title="Rakshasa">Rakshasa</a> king of <a href="/wiki/Lanka" title="Lanka">Lanka</a>. She is imprisoned in the garden of <a href="/wiki/Ashoka_Vatika" title="Ashoka Vatika">Ashoka Vatika</a>, in Lanka, until she is rescued by Rama, who slays her captor. After the war, in some versions of the epic, Rama asks Sita to undergo Agni Pariksha (an <a href="/wiki/Agnipravesham" title="Agnipravesham">ordeal of fire</a>), by which she proves her chastity, before she is accepted by Rama, which for the first time makes his brother Lakshmana angry at him. </p><p>In some versions of the epic, <a href="/wiki/Maya_Sita" title="Maya Sita">Maya Sita</a>, an illusion created by <a href="/wiki/Agni" title="Agni">Agni</a>, takes Sita's place and is abducted by Ravana and suffers his captivity, while the real Sita hides in the fire. Some scriptures also mention her previous birth as <a href="/wiki/Vedavati" title="Vedavati">Vedavati</a>, a woman Ravana tries to molest.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After proving her purity, Rama and Sita return to Ayodhya, where they are crowned as king and queen. One day, a man questions Sita's fidelity and in order to prove her innocence and maintain his own and the kingdom's dignity, Rama sends Sita into the forest near the sage <a href="/wiki/Valmiki" title="Valmiki">Valmiki</a>'s ashram. Years later, Sita returns to the womb of her mother, the Earth, for release from a cruel world and as a testimony to her purity, after she reunites her two sons <a href="/wiki/Kusha_(Ramayana)" title="Kusha (Ramayana)">Kusha</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lava_(Ramayana)" title="Lava (Ramayana)">Lava</a> with their father Rama.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology_and_other_names">Etymology and other names</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Goddess_Sita.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Goddess_Sita.jpg/170px-Goddess_Sita.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Goddess_Sita.jpg/255px-Goddess_Sita.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Goddess_Sita.jpg/340px-Goddess_Sita.jpg 2x" data-file-width="489" data-file-height="720" /></a><figcaption>Sita at <a href="/wiki/International_Society_for_Krishna_Consciousness" title="International Society for Krishna Consciousness">ISKCON Temple</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The goddess is best known by the name "Sita", derived from the Sanskrit word <i>sīta</i>, <a href="/wiki/Furrow" class="mw-redirect" title="Furrow">furrow</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Chandra1998_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chandra1998-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to <i>Ramayana</i>, Janaka found her while ploughing as a part of a <a href="/wiki/Yagna" class="mw-redirect" title="Yagna">yagna</a> and adopted her. The word <i>Sīta</i> was a poetic term, which signified fertility and the many blessings coming from settled agriculture. The Sita of the <i>Ramayana</i> may have been named after a more ancient <a href="/wiki/Rigvedic_deities" title="Rigvedic deities">Vedic goddess</a> Sita, who is mentioned once in the <a href="/wiki/Rigveda" title="Rigveda">Rigveda</a> as an earth goddess who blesses the land with good crops. In the <a href="/wiki/Vedic_period" title="Vedic period">Vedic period</a>, she was one of the goddesses associated with fertility. Rigveda 4.53.6, addressed to Agricultural Divinities, states </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p><i>"Become inclined our way, well-portioned Furrow. We will extol you, <br /></i> </p><p><i>so that you will be well-portioned for us, so that you will be well-fruited for us."</i> <br /> </p><p> -Translated by Jamison and Brereton<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>In <i><a href="/wiki/Harivamsa" class="mw-redirect" title="Harivamsa">Harivamsa</a></i>, Sita is invoked as one of the names of the goddess Arya: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p><i>O goddess, you are the altar's center in the sacrifice,</i> <br /> </p><p><i>The priest's fee</i> <br /> <i>Sita to those who hold the plough</i> <br /> </p> <p><i>And Earth to all living being. </i></p></blockquote> <p>The <i>Kausik-sutra</i> and the <i>Paraskara-sutra</i> associate her repeatedly as the wife of <a href="/wiki/Parjanya" title="Parjanya">Parjanya</a> (a god associated with rains) and <a href="/wiki/Indra" title="Indra">Indra</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Chandra1998_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chandra1998-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sita is known by many epithets. She is called <i>Jānaki</i> as the daughter of Janaka and <i>Maithili</i> as the princess of Mithila.<sup id="cite_ref-Pauwels2007_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pauwels2007-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As the wife of Rama, she is called <i>Ramā</i>. Her father Janaka had earned the sobriquet <i>Videha</i> due to his ability to transcend body consciousness; Sita is therefore also known as <i>Vaidehi</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Pauwels2007_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pauwels2007-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legends">Legends</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Birth_and_early_life">Birth and early life</h3></div> <p>The birthplace of Sita is disputed.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Sita_Kund" title="Sita Kund">Sita Kund</a><sup id="cite_ref-telegraphindia.com_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-telegraphindia.com-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> pilgrimage site which is located in present-day <a href="/wiki/Sitamarhi_district" title="Sitamarhi district">Sitamarhi district</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Sitamarhi_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sitamarhi-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-History_of_Sitamarhi_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-History_of_Sitamarhi-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bihar, India, is viewed as the birthplace of Sita. Apart from Sitamarhi, <a href="/wiki/Janakpur" title="Janakpur">Janakpur</a>, which is located in the present-day <a href="/wiki/Province_No._2" class="mw-redirect" title="Province No. 2">Province No. 2</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-The_Times_of_India_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Times_of_India-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-sacredsites.com_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sacredsites.com-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is also described as Sita's birthplace. </p> <dl><dt>Other versions</dt></dl> <ul><li><i>Janaka's biological daughter</i>: In <i>Ramopkhyana</i> of the <a href="/wiki/Mahabharata" title="Mahabharata">Mahabharata</a> and also in <i>Paumachariya</i> of Vimala Suri, Sita has been depicted as Janaka's biological daughter. According to Rev. Fr. <a href="/wiki/Camille_Bulcke" title="Camille Bulcke">Camille Bulcke</a>, this motif that Sita was the biological daughter of Janaka, as described in <i>Ramopkhyana Mahabharata</i> was based on the authentic version of <i>Valmiki Ramayana.</i> Later, the story of Sita miraculously appearing in a furrow was inserted in <i>Valmiki Ramayana</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Singaravelu_235_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Singaravelu_235-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Ramayana Manjari</i>: In <i>Ramayana Manjari</i> (verses 344–366), North-western and Bengal recensions of Valmiki Ramayana, it has been described as on hearing a voice from the sky and then seeing <a href="/wiki/Menaka" title="Menaka">Menaka</a>, Janaka expresses his wish to obtain a child, and when he finds the child, he hears the same voice again telling him the infant is his Spiritual child, born of Menaka.<sup id="cite_ref-Singaravelu_235_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Singaravelu_235-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Reincarnation of <a href="/wiki/Vedavati" title="Vedavati">Vedavati</a></i>: Some versions of the <i>Ramayana</i> suggest that Sita was a reincarnation of Vedavati. <a href="/wiki/Ravana" title="Ravana">Ravana</a> tried to molest Vedavati and her chastity was sullied beyond Ravana's redemption when she was performing penance to become the consort of Vishnu. Vedavati immolated herself on a pyre to escape Ravana's lust, vowing to return in another age and be the cause of Ravana's destruction. She was duly reborn as Sita.<sup id="cite_ref-Singaravelu_235_25-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Singaravelu_235-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Reincarnation of Manivati</i>: According to Gunabhadra's <a href="/wiki/Uttara_Purana" class="mw-redirect" title="Uttara Purana">Uttara Purana</a> of the ninth century CE, Ravana disturbs the asceticism of Manivati, daughter of Amitavega of Alkapuri, and she pledges to take revenge on Ravana. Manivati is later reborn as the daughter of Ravana and <a href="/wiki/Mandodari" title="Mandodari">Mandodari</a>. But astrologers predicted the ruin of Ravana because of this child. So, Ravana gives orders to kill the child. Manivati is placed in a casket and buried in the ground of Mithila, where she is discovered by some of the farmers of the kingdom. Then Janaka, king of that state, adopts her.<sup id="cite_ref-Singaravelu_235_25-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Singaravelu_235-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Ravana's daughter</i>: In <a href="/wiki/Rama_in_Jainism#Sanghadasa's_version" title="Rama in Jainism">Sanghadasa's Jaina version</a> of Ramayana, and also in <a href="/wiki/Adbhuta_Ramayana" title="Adbhuta Ramayana">Adbhuta Ramayana</a>, Sita, entitled <i><a href="/wiki/Vasudeva-hindi" title="Vasudeva-hindi">Vasudevahindi</a></i>, is born as the daughter of Ravana. According to this version, astrologers predict that the first child of Vidyadhara Maya (Ravana's wife) will destroy his lineage. Thus, Ravana abandons her and orders the infant to be buried in a distant land where she is later discovered and adopted by Janaka.<sup id="cite_ref-Singaravelu_235_25-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Singaravelu_235-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Sita has a younger sister <a href="/wiki/Urmila" title="Urmila">Urmila</a>, born to Janaka and Sunayna, whom she was the closest among her three sisters.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her father's younger brother, <a href="/wiki/Kushadhvaja" title="Kushadhvaja">Kushadhvaja</a> daughters <a href="/wiki/Mandavi" title="Mandavi">Mandavi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shrutakirti" title="Shrutakirti">Shrutakirti</a> grew up with them in Mithila.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Marriage_to_Rama">Marriage to Rama</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_marriage_ceremony_of_Rama_and_Sita.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/The_marriage_ceremony_of_Rama_and_Sita.jpg/220px-The_marriage_ceremony_of_Rama_and_Sita.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/The_marriage_ceremony_of_Rama_and_Sita.jpg/330px-The_marriage_ceremony_of_Rama_and_Sita.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/The_marriage_ceremony_of_Rama_and_Sita.jpg/440px-The_marriage_ceremony_of_Rama_and_Sita.jpg 2x" data-file-width="11360" data-file-height="7748" /></a><figcaption>The marriage of the four sons of Dasharatha with the four daughters of Siradhvaja Janaka and Kushadhvaja. Rama and Sita, Lakshmana and Urmila, Bharata and Mandavi and Shatrughna with Shrutakirti. Folio from the Shnagri Ramayana, early 18th-century. <a href="/wiki/National_Museum,_New_Delhi" class="mw-redirect" title="National Museum, New Delhi">National Museum, New Delhi</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:DA%27UD._Rama%C3%A2%E2%82%AC%E2%84%A2s_servant_listening_to_the_dhobi_quarrelling_withwife.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/DA%27UD._Rama%C3%A2%E2%82%AC%E2%84%A2s_servant_listening_to_the_dhobi_quarrelling_withwife.jpg/220px-DA%27UD._Rama%C3%A2%E2%82%AC%E2%84%A2s_servant_listening_to_the_dhobi_quarrelling_withwife.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="392" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/DA%27UD._Rama%C3%A2%E2%82%AC%E2%84%A2s_servant_listening_to_the_dhobi_quarrelling_withwife.jpg/330px-DA%27UD._Rama%C3%A2%E2%82%AC%E2%84%A2s_servant_listening_to_the_dhobi_quarrelling_withwife.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/DA%27UD._Rama%C3%A2%E2%82%AC%E2%84%A2s_servant_listening_to_the_dhobi_quarrelling_withwife.jpg/440px-DA%27UD._Rama%C3%A2%E2%82%AC%E2%84%A2s_servant_listening_to_the_dhobi_quarrelling_withwife.jpg 2x" data-file-width="604" data-file-height="1077" /></a><figcaption>Rama's servant listening to the dhobi quarrelling with his wife. The last five books of the Razmnama, the Persian translation by Naqib Khan of the Mahabharata. Twenty-four attributed miniatures. 1598. Source: Or.12076, f.48.</figcaption></figure> <p>When Sita reached adulthood, <a href="/wiki/Janaka" title="Janaka">Janaka</a> conducted a <a href="/wiki/Swayamvara" class="mw-redirect" title="Swayamvara">svayamvara</a> ceremony at his capital with the condition that she would marry only a prince who would possess the strength to string the <i><a href="/wiki/Pinaka_(Hinduism)" title="Pinaka (Hinduism)">Pinaka</a></i>, the bow of the deity <a href="/wiki/Shiva" title="Shiva">Shiva</a>. Many princes attempted and failed to string the bow.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During this time, <a href="/wiki/Vishvamitra" title="Vishvamitra">Vishvamitra</a> had brought Rama and his brother Lakshmana to the forest for the protection of a <i><a href="/wiki/Yajna" title="Yajna">yajna</a></i> (ritual sacrifice). Hearing about the <i>svayamvara</i>, Vishvamitra asked Rama to participate in the ceremony with the consent of Janaka, who agreed to offer Sita's hand in marriage to the prince if he could fulfil the requisite task. When the bow was brought before him, Rama seized the centre of the weapon, fastened the string taut, and broke it in two in the process. Witnessing his prowess, Janaka agreed to marry his daughter to Rama and invited Dasharatha to his capital.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>King <a href="/wiki/Dasharatha" title="Dasharatha">Dasharatha</a> arrived in Mithila for his son's wedding and noticed that <a href="/wiki/Lakshmana" title="Lakshmana">Lakshmana</a> had feelings for Urmila, but according to tradition, <a href="/wiki/Bharata_(Ramayana)" title="Bharata (Ramayana)">Bharata</a> and Mandavi were to marry first. He then arranged for Bharata to marry Mandavi and <a href="/wiki/Shatrughna" title="Shatrughna">Shatrughna</a> to marry Shrutakirti, allowing Lakshmana to marry Urmila. Ultimately, all four sisters married the four brothers, strengthening the alliance between the two kingdoms.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A wedding ceremony was conducted under the guidance of Shatananda. During the homeward journey to Ayodhya, another avatar of Vishnu, <a href="/wiki/Parashurama" title="Parashurama">Parashurama</a>, challenged Rama to combat, on the condition that he was able to string the bow of Vishnu, <a href="/wiki/Sharanga" class="mw-redirect" title="Sharanga">Sharanga</a>. When Rama obliged him with success, Parashurama acknowledged the former to be a form of Vishnu and departed to perform penance at the mountain Mahendra. The wedding entourage then reached Ayodhya, entering the city amid great fanfare.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Parmeshwaranand_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Parmeshwaranand-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Exile_and_abduction">Exile and abduction</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Exile_of_Rama" title="Exile of Rama">Exile of Rama</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ravana_visits_Sita_as_an_ascetic.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Ravana_visits_Sita_as_an_ascetic.jpg/220px-Ravana_visits_Sita_as_an_ascetic.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="315" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Ravana_visits_Sita_as_an_ascetic.jpg/330px-Ravana_visits_Sita_as_an_ascetic.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d7/Ravana_visits_Sita_as_an_ascetic.jpg 2x" data-file-width="438" data-file-height="627" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ravana" title="Ravana">Ravana</a> visits Sita as an <a href="/wiki/Asceticism" title="Asceticism">ascetic</a><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ravi_Varma-Ravana_Sita_Jathayu.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Ravi_Varma-Ravana_Sita_Jathayu.jpg/220px-Ravi_Varma-Ravana_Sita_Jathayu.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="317" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Ravi_Varma-Ravana_Sita_Jathayu.jpg/330px-Ravi_Varma-Ravana_Sita_Jathayu.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Ravi_Varma-Ravana_Sita_Jathayu.jpg/440px-Ravi_Varma-Ravana_Sita_Jathayu.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2832" data-file-height="4080" /></a><figcaption>Ravana cuts off <a href="/wiki/Jatayu" title="Jatayu">Jatayu's</a> wing while abducting Sita</figcaption></figure> <p>Some time after the wedding, <a href="/wiki/Kaikeyi" title="Kaikeyi">Kaikeyi</a>, Rama's stepmother, compelled Dasharatha to make Bharata king, prompted by the coaxing of her maid <a href="/wiki/Manthara" title="Manthara">Manthara</a>, and forced Rama to leave Ayodhya and spend a period of exile in the forests of <a href="/wiki/Dandaka" class="mw-redirect" title="Dandaka">Dandaka</a> and later Panchavati. Sita and Lakshmana willingly renounced the comforts of the palace and joined Rama in exile.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Panchavati forest became the scene for Sita's abduction by Ravana, King of Lanka. The scene started with <a href="/wiki/Shurpanakha" title="Shurpanakha">Shurpanakha</a>'s love for Rama. However Rama refused her, stating that he was devoted to Sita. This enraged the demoness and she tried to kill Sita. Lakshmana cut Shurpanakha's nose and sent her back. Ravana, to kidnap Sita, made a plan. <a href="/wiki/Maricha" title="Maricha">Maricha</a>, his uncle, disguised himself as a magnificent deer to lure Sita.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sita, attracted to its golden glow asked her husband to make it her pet. When Rama and Lakshmana went far away from the hut, Ravana kidnapped Sita, disguising himself as a mendicant. Some versions of the <i>Ramayana</i> describe Sita taking refuge with the fire-god <a href="/wiki/Agni" title="Agni">Agni</a>, while <a href="/wiki/Maya_Sita" title="Maya Sita">Maya Sita</a>, her illusionary double, is kidnapped by the demon-king. <a href="/wiki/Jatayu_(Ramayana)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jatayu (Ramayana)">Jatayu</a>, the vulture-king, tried to protect Sita but Ravana chopped off his wings. Jatayu survived long enough to inform Rama of what had happened.<sup id="cite_ref-Mani720_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mani720-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ravana took Sita back to his kingdom in Lanka and she was held as a prisoner in one of his palaces. During her captivity for a year in Lanka, Ravana expressed his desire for her; however, Sita refused his advances.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Hanuman" title="Hanuman">Hanuman</a> was sent by Rama to seek Sita and eventually succeeded in discovering Sita's whereabouts. Sita gave Hanuman her jewellery and asked him to give it to her husband. Hanuman returned across the sea to Rama.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sita was finally rescued by Rama, who waged a war to defeat Ravana. Upon rescue, Rama makes Sita undergo a trial by fire to prove her chastity. In some versions of the <i>Ramayana</i>, during this test the fire-god Agni appears in front of Rama and attests to Sita's purity, or hands over to him the real Sita and declares it was Maya Sita who was abducted by Ravana.<sup id="cite_ref-Mani720_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mani720-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Thai version of the Ramayana, however, tells of Sita walking on the fire, of her own accord, to feel clean, as opposed to jumping in it. She is not burnt, and the coals turn to lotuses.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Later_years_and_second_exile">Later years and second exile</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sita_with_children.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Sita_with_children.jpg/220px-Sita_with_children.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="274" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/95/Sita_with_children.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="312" data-file-height="389" /></a><figcaption>Sita with her two sons, Lava and Kusha</figcaption></figure> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Uttara_Kanda" class="mw-redirect" title="Uttara Kanda">Uttara Kanda</a>, following their return to Ayodhya, Rama was crowned as the king with Sita by his side.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While Rama's trust and affection for Sita never wavered, it soon became evident that some people in Ayodhya could not accept Sita's long captivity under Ravana. During Rama's period of rule, an intemperate <a href="/wiki/Dhobi" title="Dhobi">washerman</a>, while berating his wayward wife, declared that he was "no pusillanimous Rama who would take his wife back after she had lived in the house of another man". The common folk started gossiping about Sita and questioned Ram's decision to make her queen. Rama was extremely distraught on hearing the news, but finally told Lakshmana that as a king, he had to make his citizens pleased and the purity of the queen of Ayodhya has to be above any gossip and rumour. With a heavy heart, he instructed him to take Sita to a forest outside Ayodhya and leave her there.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Thus Sita was forced into exile a second time. Sita, who was pregnant, was given refuge in the hermitage of <a href="/wiki/Valmiki" title="Valmiki">Valmiki</a>, where she delivered twin sons named <a href="/wiki/Kusha_(Ramayana)" title="Kusha (Ramayana)">Kusha</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lava_(Ramayana)" title="Lava (Ramayana)">Lava</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Parmeshwaranand_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Parmeshwaranand-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the hermitage, Sita raised her sons alone, as a single mother.<sup id="cite_ref-Contemporary_Influence_of_Sita_by_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Contemporary_Influence_of_Sita_by-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They grew up to be valiant and intelligent and were eventually united with their father. Once she had witnessed the acceptance of her children by Rama, Sita sought final refuge in the arms of her mother <a href="/wiki/Bh%C5%ABmi" class="mw-redirect" title="Bhūmi">Bhūmi</a>. Hearing her plea for release from an unjust world and from a life that had rarely been happy, the Earth dramatically split open; Bhūmi appeared and took Sita away. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sita_Bhum_Pravesh.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Sita_Bhum_Pravesh.jpg/220px-Sita_Bhum_Pravesh.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Sita_Bhum_Pravesh.jpg/330px-Sita_Bhum_Pravesh.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Sita_Bhum_Pravesh.jpg/440px-Sita_Bhum_Pravesh.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="465" /></a><figcaption>Sita returns to her mother, the Earth, as Sri Rama, her sons, and the sages watch in astonishment.</figcaption></figure> <p>According to the <a href="/wiki/Padma_Purana" title="Padma Purana">Padma-puran</a>, Sita's exile during her pregnancy was because of a curse during her childhood.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sita had caught a pair of divine parrots, which were from Valmiki's ashram, when she was young. The birds were talking about a story of Sri Ram heard in <a href="/wiki/Valmiki" title="Valmiki">Valmiki</a>'s ashram, which intrigued Sita. She has the ability to talk with animals. The female bird was pregnant at that time. She requested Sita to let them go, but Sita only allowed her male companion to fly away, and the female parrot died because of the separation from her companion. As a result, the male bird cursed Sita that she would suffer a similar fate of being separated from her husband during pregnancy. The male bird was reborn as the washerman.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Speeches_and_symbolism">Speeches and symbolism</h2></div> <p>While the <i>Ramayana</i> mostly concentrates on Rama's actions, Sita also speaks many times during the exile. The first time is in the town of <a href="/wiki/Chitrakoot_Dham" title="Chitrakoot Dham">Chitrakuta</a> where she narrates an ancient story to Rama, whereby Rama promises to Sita that he will never kill anybody without provocation.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The second time Sita is shown talking prominently is when she speaks to Ravana. Ravana has come to her in the form of a mendicant and Sita tells him that he does not look like one.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some of her most prominent speeches are with Hanuman when he reaches Lanka. Hanuman wants an immediate union of Rama and Sita and thus he proposes to Sita to ride on his back. Sita refuses as she does not want to run away like a thief; instead she wants her husband Rama to come and defeat Ravana to save her.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hermitage_of_Valmiki,_Folio_from_the_%22Nadaun%22_Ramayana_(Adventures_of_Rama)_LACMA_AC1999.127.45.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Hermitage_of_Valmiki%2C_Folio_from_the_%22Nadaun%22_Ramayana_%28Adventures_of_Rama%29_LACMA_AC1999.127.45.jpg/220px-Hermitage_of_Valmiki%2C_Folio_from_the_%22Nadaun%22_Ramayana_%28Adventures_of_Rama%29_LACMA_AC1999.127.45.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Hermitage_of_Valmiki%2C_Folio_from_the_%22Nadaun%22_Ramayana_%28Adventures_of_Rama%29_LACMA_AC1999.127.45.jpg/330px-Hermitage_of_Valmiki%2C_Folio_from_the_%22Nadaun%22_Ramayana_%28Adventures_of_Rama%29_LACMA_AC1999.127.45.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Hermitage_of_Valmiki%2C_Folio_from_the_%22Nadaun%22_Ramayana_%28Adventures_of_Rama%29_LACMA_AC1999.127.45.jpg/440px-Hermitage_of_Valmiki%2C_Folio_from_the_%22Nadaun%22_Ramayana_%28Adventures_of_Rama%29_LACMA_AC1999.127.45.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="1669" /></a><figcaption>Sita in the <a href="/wiki/Hermitage_(religious_retreat)" title="Hermitage (religious retreat)">hermitage</a> of Valmiki</figcaption></figure> <p>A female deity of agricultural fertility by the name Sita was known before Valmiki's <i>Ramayana</i>, but was overshadowed by better-known goddesses associated with fertility. According to <i>Ramayana</i>, Sita was discovered in a furrow when Janaka was ploughing. Since Janaka was a king, it is likely that ploughing was part of a royal ritual to ensure fertility of the land. Sita is considered to be a child of Mother Earth, produced by union between the king and the land. Sita is a personification of Earth's fertility, abundance, and well-being.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <i><a href="/wiki/Ramcharitmanas" title="Ramcharitmanas">Ramcharitmanas</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Tulsidas" title="Tulsidas">Tulsidas</a> called Sita the regulator of the universe and added, </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>"I bow to Sita, the beloved consort of Sri Rama, who is responsible for the creation, sustenance, and dissolution (of the universe), removes afflictions and begets all blessings."<br />— Balkand, Manglacharan, Shloka 5<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literature">Literature</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sit_with_Rama.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Sit_with_Rama.jpg/220px-Sit_with_Rama.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="290" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Sit_with_Rama.jpg/330px-Sit_with_Rama.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Sit_with_Rama.jpg/440px-Sit_with_Rama.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2778" data-file-height="3658" /></a><figcaption>Sita with her husband Rama, in the <i><a href="/wiki/Adhyatma_Ramayana" title="Adhyatma Ramayana">Adhyatma Ramayana</a></i></figcaption></figure> <p>Sita is an important goddess in the <a href="/wiki/Vaishnavism" title="Vaishnavism">Vaishnavite</a> traditions of Hinduism. Regarded as the avatara of goddess <a href="/wiki/Lakshmi" title="Lakshmi">Lakshmi</a>, she is mentioned in various scriptures and text of Hindu traditions. Sita is the primary character of the minor <a href="/wiki/Upanishad" class="mw-redirect" title="Upanishad">Upanishad</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Sita_Upanishad" title="Sita Upanishad">Sita Upanishad</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETinoco1996_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETinoco1996-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which is attached to the <a href="/wiki/Atharvaveda" title="Atharvaveda">Atharva Veda</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPrasoon200882_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPrasoon200882-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETinoco199688_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETinoco199688-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The text identifies Sita with primordial <a href="/wiki/Prakriti" class="mw-redirect" title="Prakriti">Prakriti</a> (nature) and her three powers are manifested in daily life as will (<a href="/wiki/Iccha-shakti" title="Iccha-shakti">iccha</a>), action (<a href="/wiki/Kriy%C4%81" title="Kriyā">kriyā</a>) and knowledge (<a href="/wiki/Jnana" class="mw-redirect" title="Jnana">jnana</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMahadevan1975239_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMahadevan1975239-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDalal20141069_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDalal20141069-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sita appears in the <a href="/wiki/Puranas" title="Puranas">Puranas</a> namely the <i><a href="/wiki/Vishnu_Purana" title="Vishnu Purana">Vishnu Purana</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Padma_Purana" title="Padma Purana">Padma Purana</a></i> (as an avatar of <a href="/wiki/Lakshmi" title="Lakshmi">Lakshmi</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <i><a href="/wiki/Matsya_Purana" title="Matsya Purana">Matsya Purana</a></i> (as form of <a href="/wiki/Devi" title="Devi">Devi</a>), the <i><a href="/wiki/Linga_Purana" title="Linga Purana">Linga Purana</a></i> (as form of Lakshmi), the <i><a href="/wiki/Kurma_Purana" title="Kurma Purana">Kurma Purana</a></i>,<i><a href="/wiki/Agni_Purana" title="Agni Purana">Agni Purana</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Garuda_Purana" title="Garuda Purana">Garuda Purana</a></i> (as consort of Rama), the <i><a href="/wiki/Skanda_Purana" title="Skanda Purana">Skanda Purana</a></i> and the <i><a href="/wiki/Shiva_Purana" title="Shiva Purana">Shiva Purana</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She also finds mention in the <i><a href="/wiki/Vana_Parva" title="Vana Parva">Vana Parva</a></i> of the <i><a href="/wiki/Mahabharata" title="Mahabharata">Mahabharata</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sita along with Rama appears as the central character in <i><a href="/wiki/Valmiki_Samhita" title="Valmiki Samhita">Valmiki Samhita</a></i>, which is attributed to their worship and describes them to be the <a href="/wiki/Brahman" title="Brahman">ultimate reality</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In its chapter 5, a dialogue form between Sita and <a href="/wiki/Saptarshi" title="Saptarshi">saptarishi</a>, described to <a href="/wiki/Parvati" title="Parvati">Parvati</a> by <a href="/wiki/Shiva" title="Shiva">Shiva</a> is mentioned, known as the <i><a href="/wiki/Maithili_Maha_Upanishad" title="Maithili Maha Upanishad">Maithili Mahopanishad</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <blockquote><div class="poem"> <p>भूर्भुवः स्वः । सप्तद्वीपा वसुमती । त्रयो लोकाः । अन्तरिक्षम् । सर्वे त्वयि निवसन्ति । आमोदः । प्रमोदः । विमोदः । सम्मोदः । सर्वांस्त्वं सन्धत्से । आञ्जनेयाय ब्रह्मविद्या प्रदात्रि धात्रित्वां सर्वे वयं प्रणमामहे प्रणमामहे ॥ </p> </div></blockquote> <p>The sages said: "In the earthly realm, the celestial space, and the heavenly realms, and in the seven continents on Earth, in the three worlds—heaven, mortal, and the netherworld. All these, including space and the sky, reside within you. You embody joy, delight, exhilaration, and bliss. Oh ultimate embodiment of Dhatrī! bestower of the Brahmavidya to Lord Hanuman! Oh sustainer of all realms, Sri Sita! We bow to you repeatedly."<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Apart from other versions of <i>Ramayana</i>, many 14th-century <a href="/wiki/Vaishnava" class="mw-redirect" title="Vaishnava">Vaishnava</a> <a href="/wiki/Sant_(religion)" title="Sant (religion)">saints</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Nabha_Dass" title="Nabha Dass">Nabha Dass</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tulsidas" title="Tulsidas">Tulsidas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ramananda" title="Ramananda">Ramananda</a> have mentioned Sita, in their works.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While Ramananda's <i><a href="/wiki/Sri_Ramarchan_Paddati" class="mw-redirect" title="Sri Ramarchan Paddati">Sri Ramarchan Paddati</a></i> explains the complete procedure to worship Sita-Rama, Tulsidas's <i><a href="/wiki/Vinaya_Patrika" title="Vinaya Patrika">Vinaya Patrika</a></i> has devotional hymns dedicated to her.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ramananda through his conversation with disciple Surasurananda in <i><a href="/wiki/Vaishnava_Matabja_Bhaskara" title="Vaishnava Matabja Bhaskara">Vaishnava Matabja Bhaskara</a></i>, explains about the worship of Rama, Sita and Lakshmana. <a href="/wiki/Kalidasa" title="Kalidasa">Kalidasa</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Raghuva%E1%B9%83%C5%9Ba" title="Raghuvaṃśa">Raghuvamsa</a></i> gives a detail account of Sita's swayamvara, abduct and her exile, in the cantos 10 to 15.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sita_and_Radha">Sita and Radha</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bhagvati_Sita.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Bhagvati_Sita.jpg/170px-Bhagvati_Sita.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="207" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Bhagvati_Sita.jpg/255px-Bhagvati_Sita.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Bhagvati_Sita.jpg/340px-Bhagvati_Sita.jpg 2x" data-file-width="719" data-file-height="877" /></a><figcaption>Bhagvati Sita</figcaption></figure> <p>The Sita-Rama and <a href="/wiki/Radha_Krishna" title="Radha Krishna">Radha-Krishna</a> pairs represent two different personality sets, two perspectives on <a href="/wiki/Dharma" title="Dharma">dharma</a> and lifestyles, both cherished in the way of life called <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPauwels200812–15,_497–517_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPauwels200812–15,_497–517-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sita is traditionally wedded: the dedicated and virtuous wife of <a href="/wiki/Rama" title="Rama">Rama</a>, an introspective <a href="/wiki/Temperance_(virtue)" title="Temperance (virtue)">temperate</a> paragon of a serious, virtuous man.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Radha" title="Radha">Radha</a> is a power potency of <a href="/wiki/Krishna" title="Krishna">Krishna</a>, who is a playful adventurer.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDimock1963106–127_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDimock1963106–127-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPauwels200812–15,_497–517_70-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPauwels200812–15,_497–517-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sita and Radha offer two templates within the Hindu tradition. If "Sita is a queen, aware of her social responsibilities", states Pauwels, then "Radha is exclusively focused on her romantic relationship with her lover", giving two contrasting role models from two ends of the moral universe. Yet they share common elements as well. Both face life challenges and are committed to their true love. They are both influential, adored and beloved goddesses in the Hindu culture.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPauwels200812–15,_497–517_70-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPauwels200812–15,_497–517-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In worship of Rama, Sita is represented as a dutiful and loving wife, holding a position entirely subordinate to Rama. However, in the worship of Radha Krishna, Radha is often preferred over to Krishna, and in certain traditions, her name is elevated to a higher position compared to Krishna's.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_other_versions">In other versions</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Janaki_Ramayana">Janaki Ramayana</h3></div> <p>The <i><a href="/wiki/Janaki_Ramayana" title="Janaki Ramayana">Janaki Ramayana</a></i> is written by <a href="/wiki/Pandit_Lal_Das" title="Pandit Lal Das">Pandit Lal Das</a>. In this poetic form version, Sita is the central character of the epic.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The life of Goddess Sita and her infinite powers have been described from the beginning to the end. There are three Khandas in the <i>Janaki Ramayana</i>: <i>Kathārambha</i>, <i>Lakshmikaanda</i> and <i>Radhakaanda</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Adbhut_Ramayana">Adbhut Ramayana</h3></div> <p>The <i><a href="/wiki/Adbhuta_Ramayana" title="Adbhuta Ramayana">Adbhuta Ramayana</a></i> is written by Valmiki himself and is shorter than the original epic. Sita is accorded far more prominence in this variant of the Ramayana narrative.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the war, Sahastra Ravana shot an arrow at Rama, making him wounded and unconscious on the battle field. Seeing Rama unconscious and helpless on the field, Sita gives up her human appearance and takes the horrific form of <a href="/wiki/Mahakali" title="Mahakali">Mahakali</a>. In less than a second, she severed Sahastra Ravana's 1000 heads and began destroying rakshasas everywhere. Sita is eventually pacified by the gods, Rama's consciousness is restored and the story moves forward.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mahaviracharita">Mahaviracharita</h3></div> <p>The Sanskrit play <i><a href="/wiki/Mahaviracharita" title="Mahaviracharita">Mahaviracharita</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Bhavabhuti" title="Bhavabhuti">Bhavabhuti</a> is based on the early life of Rama. According to the play, Vishwamitra invites Janaka to attend his sacrifice, but he sends his brother Kushadhvaja and daughters Sita and Urmila, as his delegates. This is the place, where Rama and Sita met for the first time. By the end of the act, Kushadhvaja and Vishwamitra decide to marry Sita and Urmila to Rama and Lakshamana.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Saptakanda_Ramayana">Saptakanda Ramayana</h3></div> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Saptakanda_Ramayana" title="Saptakanda Ramayana">Saptakanda Ramayana</a></i> written by <a href="/wiki/Madhava_Kandali" title="Madhava Kandali">Madhava Kandali</a> is a version of <i>Ramayana</i> known for its non-heroic portrayal of Rama, Sita, and other characters, which rendered the work unsuitable for religious purposes.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Iconography">Iconography</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ram_with_companions.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Ram_with_companions.jpg/220px-Ram_with_companions.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Ram_with_companions.jpg/330px-Ram_with_companions.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Ram_with_companions.jpg/440px-Ram_with_companions.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption>Rama with Lakshmana (left), Sita (right) and Hanuman at his feet. <a href="/wiki/Thanjavur_painting" title="Thanjavur painting">Tanjore painting</a>, mid 19th century</figcaption></figure> <p>Sita in <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a>, is revered as the goddess of beauty and devotion. She is mostly depicted along with her husband Rama and is shakti or prakriti of Rama, as told in the <i>Ram Raksha Stotram</i>. <a href="/wiki/Madhubani_paintings" class="mw-redirect" title="Madhubani paintings">Mithila art</a>, which originated at Sita's birthplace depicts Sita and Rama's marriage ceremony through the paintings.<sup id="cite_ref-Madhubani_Painting_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Madhubani_Painting-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Rama and Sita's temple, she is always placed on Rama's right, with a golden-yellow complexion.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She is dressed in traditional <i>sari</i> or <i>ghagra-choli </i> along with a veil. Her jewelry is either made of metals, pearls or flowers.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:32%; ; color: #202122;background-color: #FFE0BB;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> <p><b>Who is Sita?</b> </p> <div class="poem"> <p>सा देवी त्रिविधा भवति शक्त्यासना<br /> इच्छाशक्तिः क्रियाशक्तिः साक्षाच्छक्तिरिति<br /> <br /> That divine Being is threefold,<br /> through her power, namely,<br /> the power of desire,<br /> the power of action,<br /> the power of knowledge. </p> </div> </blockquote> <div style="padding-bottom: 0; padding-top: 0.5em"><cite class="left-aligned" style="">—<i>Sita Upanishad</i> verse 11<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWarrier196785–95_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWarrier196785–95-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHattangadi2000_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHattangadi2000-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div> </div><p> In the <i>Ramayana</i>, Sita is mostly depicted in <a href="/wiki/Sari" title="Sari">saris</a> and is called ethereal and divine. Praising her beauty in the <a href="/wiki/Aranya_Kanda" class="mw-redirect" title="Aranya Kanda">Aranya Kanda</a>, Ravana stated, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"></p><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>"Oh, rosy faced one, are you the personified numen of respect, renown or resplendence, or the felicitous Lakshmi herself, or oh, curvaceous one, are you a nymphal Apsara, or the numen of benefactress, or a self-motivated woman, or Rati devi, the consort of Manmatha, the Love God."<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a> text and a minor <a href="/wiki/Upanishad" class="mw-redirect" title="Upanishad">Upanishad</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Sita_Upanishad" title="Sita Upanishad">Sita Upanishad</a></i> describes Sita as the ultimate reality of the universe (<a href="/wiki/Brahman" title="Brahman">Brahman</a>), the ground of being (<a href="/wiki/Spirituality" title="Spirituality">Spirituality</a>), and material cause behind all manifestation.<sup id="cite_ref-gandhisk113_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gandhisk113-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sita, in many Hindu mythology, is the <i>Devi</i> associated with agriculture, fertility, food and wealth for continuation of humanity.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 58, 64">: 58, 64 </span></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="multiimageinner" style="width:142px;max-width:142px;border:none"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:140px;max-width:140px"><div style=";height:141px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sita_in_Ashoka_Vatika.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Sita_in_Ashoka_Vatika.jpg/138px-Sita_in_Ashoka_Vatika.jpg" decoding="async" width="138" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Sita_in_Ashoka_Vatika.jpg/207px-Sita_in_Ashoka_Vatika.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Sita_in_Ashoka_Vatika.jpg/276px-Sita_in_Ashoka_Vatika.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3216" data-file-height="3290" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:140px;max-width:140px"><div style=";height:154px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hanuman_Encounters_Sita_in_Ashokavana.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Hanuman_Encounters_Sita_in_Ashokavana.jpg/138px-Hanuman_Encounters_Sita_in_Ashokavana.jpg" decoding="async" width="138" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Hanuman_Encounters_Sita_in_Ashokavana.jpg/207px-Hanuman_Encounters_Sita_in_Ashokavana.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Hanuman_Encounters_Sita_in_Ashokavana.jpg/276px-Hanuman_Encounters_Sita_in_Ashokavana.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3064" data-file-height="3430" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:140px;max-width:140px"><div style=";height:196px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hanuman_finds_Sita_in_the_ashoka_grove,_and_shows_her_Rama%27s_ring.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Hanuman_finds_Sita_in_the_ashoka_grove%2C_and_shows_her_Rama%27s_ring.jpg/138px-Hanuman_finds_Sita_in_the_ashoka_grove%2C_and_shows_her_Rama%27s_ring.jpg" decoding="async" width="138" height="196" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Hanuman_finds_Sita_in_the_ashoka_grove%2C_and_shows_her_Rama%27s_ring.jpg/207px-Hanuman_finds_Sita_in_the_ashoka_grove%2C_and_shows_her_Rama%27s_ring.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Hanuman_finds_Sita_in_the_ashoka_grove%2C_and_shows_her_Rama%27s_ring.jpg/276px-Hanuman_finds_Sita_in_the_ashoka_grove%2C_and_shows_her_Rama%27s_ring.jpg 2x" data-file-width="459" data-file-height="652" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:140px;max-width:140px"><div style=";height:69px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hanuman_Visits_Sita_in_Lanka,_Folio_from_a_Ramayana_(Adventures_of_Rama)_LACMA_M.72.11.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Hanuman_Visits_Sita_in_Lanka%2C_Folio_from_a_Ramayana_%28Adventures_of_Rama%29_LACMA_M.72.11.jpg/138px-Hanuman_Visits_Sita_in_Lanka%2C_Folio_from_a_Ramayana_%28Adventures_of_Rama%29_LACMA_M.72.11.jpg" decoding="async" width="138" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Hanuman_Visits_Sita_in_Lanka%2C_Folio_from_a_Ramayana_%28Adventures_of_Rama%29_LACMA_M.72.11.jpg/207px-Hanuman_Visits_Sita_in_Lanka%2C_Folio_from_a_Ramayana_%28Adventures_of_Rama%29_LACMA_M.72.11.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Hanuman_Visits_Sita_in_Lanka%2C_Folio_from_a_Ramayana_%28Adventures_of_Rama%29_LACMA_M.72.11.jpg/276px-Hanuman_Visits_Sita_in_Lanka%2C_Folio_from_a_Ramayana_%28Adventures_of_Rama%29_LACMA_M.72.11.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="1058" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:140px;max-width:140px"><div style=";height:103px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hanuman_taking_Sita%27s_ring.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Hanuman_taking_Sita%27s_ring.jpg/138px-Hanuman_taking_Sita%27s_ring.jpg" decoding="async" width="138" height="104" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Hanuman_taking_Sita%27s_ring.jpg/207px-Hanuman_taking_Sita%27s_ring.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Hanuman_taking_Sita%27s_ring.jpg/276px-Hanuman_taking_Sita%27s_ring.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:140px;max-width:140px"><div style=";height:184px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hanuman_Meets_Sita.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Hanuman_Meets_Sita.jpg/138px-Hanuman_Meets_Sita.jpg" decoding="async" width="138" height="184" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Hanuman_Meets_Sita.jpg/207px-Hanuman_Meets_Sita.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Hanuman_Meets_Sita.jpg/276px-Hanuman_Meets_Sita.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3406" data-file-height="4544" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:140px;max-width:140px"><div style=";height:101px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Relief_on_Prambanan_-_Hanuman_meeting_Sita,_Pentas_Ramajana,_p33.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Relief_on_Prambanan_-_Hanuman_meeting_Sita%2C_Pentas_Ramajana%2C_p33.jpg/138px-Relief_on_Prambanan_-_Hanuman_meeting_Sita%2C_Pentas_Ramajana%2C_p33.jpg" decoding="async" width="138" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Relief_on_Prambanan_-_Hanuman_meeting_Sita%2C_Pentas_Ramajana%2C_p33.jpg/207px-Relief_on_Prambanan_-_Hanuman_meeting_Sita%2C_Pentas_Ramajana%2C_p33.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Relief_on_Prambanan_-_Hanuman_meeting_Sita%2C_Pentas_Ramajana%2C_p33.jpg/276px-Relief_on_Prambanan_-_Hanuman_meeting_Sita%2C_Pentas_Ramajana%2C_p33.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1272" data-file-height="934" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div>Iconography of Hanuman visiting Sita during her captivity in Lanka</div></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Outside_Hinduism">Outside Hinduism</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Swarn_Jain_temple,_Gwalior_-_Ram.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Swarn_Jain_temple%2C_Gwalior_-_Ram.jpg/220px-Swarn_Jain_temple%2C_Gwalior_-_Ram.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Swarn_Jain_temple%2C_Gwalior_-_Ram.jpg/330px-Swarn_Jain_temple%2C_Gwalior_-_Ram.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Swarn_Jain_temple%2C_Gwalior_-_Ram.jpg/440px-Swarn_Jain_temple%2C_Gwalior_-_Ram.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>A depiction of <i>Jain Ramayana</i> at the Swarn Jain Temple, <a href="/wiki/Gwalior" title="Gwalior">Gwalior</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Jainism">Jainism</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Rama_in_Jainism" title="Rama in Jainism">Rama in Jainism</a> and <a href="/wiki/%C5%9Aal%C4%81k%C4%81puru%E1%B9%A3a" title="Śalākāpuruṣa">Śalākāpuruṣa</a></div> <p>Sita is the daughter of King Janak and Queen Videha of Mithalapuri. She has a brother named Bhamandal who is kidnapped soon after his birth by a deity due to animosity in a previous life. He is thrown into a garden of Rathnupur where he is dropped into the arms of King Chandravardhan of Rathnupur. The king and queen bring him up as their own son. Ram and Sita get married due to Bhamandal and in the course of events Bhamandal realises that Sita is his sister. It is then that he meets his birth parents.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Buddhism">Buddhism</h3></div> <p>The <i><a href="/wiki/Dasaratha_Jataka" title="Dasaratha Jataka">Dasaratha Jataka</a></i>, a Jataka tale found in Buddhist literature describes Rama, Sita and Lakshmana as siblings. They are not banished but sent away to the Himalayas by King Dasaratha in order to protect them from their jealous stepmother, the only antagonist. When things have cooled down, Rama and Sita return to Benaras – and not Ayodhya – and get married.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Portrayal_and_assessment">Portrayal and assessment</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hanuman_before_Rama.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Hanuman_before_Rama.jpg/220px-Hanuman_before_Rama.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Hanuman_before_Rama.jpg/330px-Hanuman_before_Rama.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Hanuman_before_Rama.jpg/440px-Hanuman_before_Rama.jpg 2x" data-file-width="744" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption>Rama seated with Sita, fanned by <a href="/wiki/Lakshmana" title="Lakshmana">Lakshmana</a>, while <a href="/wiki/Hanuman" title="Hanuman">Hanuman</a> pays his respects</figcaption></figure> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a>, Sita is revered as the goddess. She has been portrayed as an ideal daughter, an ideal wife and an ideal mother in various texts, stories, illustrations, movies and modern media.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sita is often worshipped with Rama as his consort. The occasion of her marriage to Rama is celebrated as <a href="/wiki/Vivaha_Panchami" title="Vivaha Panchami">Vivaha Panchami</a>. The actions, reactions, and instincts manifested by Sita at every juncture in a long and arduous life are deemed exemplary. Her story has been portrayed in the book <i>Sitayanam</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The values that she enshrined and adhered to at every point in the course of a demanding life are the values of womanly virtue held sacred by countless generations of Indians.<sup id="cite_ref-Moor_1810_316_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Moor_1810_316-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Ananda_W._P._Guruge" title="Ananda W. P. Guruge">Ananda W. P. Guruge</a> opined that Sita was the central theme of the epic. He called her a dedicated wife and noted, "Sita's adamant wish to accompany Rāma to the forest despite the discomforts and dangers is another proof of the sincere affection the wife had for her husband."<sup id="cite_ref-Goddess_of_Ploughshare_98-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Goddess_of_Ploughshare-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sita has been considered as an equal partner to Rama. Known for her feminine courage, she is often been cited as one of the defining figures of Indian womanhood. Throughout her life, Sita has taken crucial decisions such as accompanying Rama to exile or protecting her dignity in <a href="/wiki/Ashoka_Vatika" title="Ashoka Vatika">Ashoka Vatika</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Sita_assessment_99-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sita_assessment-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sita's character and life has significant influence on modern women. On this, Malashri Lal, the co-editor of <i>In Search of Sita: Revisiting Mythology</i> noted, "Modern-day women continue to see themselves reflected in films, serials, and soap operas based on Sita's narrative. She has been portrayed as a "folk heroine" in several Maithili songs and continue being a primary figure for women through folktales."<sup id="cite_ref-Sita_assessment_99-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sita_assessment-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Assessing Sita's personality, <a href="/wiki/Anju_Bhargava" title="Anju Bhargava">Anju P. Bhargava</a> stated, </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>"Sita, conjures up an [image] of a chaste <i>pati vrata</i> [dutiful wife] woman, the ideal woman. Some see her as victimized and oppressed who obeyed her husband's commands, remained faithful to him, served her in-laws or yielded to parental authority. Yet, there are others who see a more liberated Sita, who was outspoken, had the freedom to express herself, said what she wanted to in order to get her way, spoke harsh words, repented for it, loved her husband, was faithful to him, served her family, did not get seduced by the glamour and material objects in Lanka, faced an angry husband, tried to appease him, reconciled her marriage, later accepted her separation, raised well balanced children as a single mother and then moved on."<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Temples">Temples</h2></div> <p>Although Sita's statue is always kept with Rama's statue in Rama temples, there are some temples dedicated to Sita: </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Srisita_ram_laxman_hanuman_manor.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Srisita_ram_laxman_hanuman_manor.JPG/220px-Srisita_ram_laxman_hanuman_manor.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Srisita_ram_laxman_hanuman_manor.JPG/330px-Srisita_ram_laxman_hanuman_manor.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Srisita_ram_laxman_hanuman_manor.JPG/440px-Srisita_ram_laxman_hanuman_manor.JPG 2x" data-file-width="468" data-file-height="351" /></a><figcaption>Idols of Sita (far right), Rama (center), Lakshmana (far left) and Hanuman (below, seated) at <a href="/wiki/Bhaktivedanta_Manor" title="Bhaktivedanta Manor">Bhaktivedanta Manor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Watford" title="Watford">Watford</a>, England</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Janaki_Mandir" title="Janaki Mandir">Janaki Mandir</a>, located at <a href="/wiki/Janakpur" title="Janakpur">Janakpur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janaki_Janmasthali_Mandir" title="Janaki Janmasthali Mandir">Janaki Janmasthali Mandir</a>, Janaki Dham, situated in <a href="/wiki/Sitamarhi" title="Sitamarhi">Sitamarhi</a> district in <a href="/wiki/Bihar" title="Bihar">Bihar</a>, India.<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sita_Kund" title="Sita Kund">Sita Kund</a>, Punaura Dham, situated in Sitamarhi district in Bihar, India.<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Sita Charan Mandir, Zaffar Nagar, India</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seetha_Devi_Temple" title="Seetha Devi Temple">Seetha Devi Temple</a>, Pulpally in the <a href="/wiki/Wayanad" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayanad">Wayanad</a> district, <a href="/wiki/Kerala" title="Kerala">Kerala</a>, India.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seetha_Amman_Temple" title="Seetha Amman Temple">Seetha Amman Temple</a>, Nähe <a href="/wiki/Nuwara_Eliya" title="Nuwara Eliya">Nuwara Eliya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Ponkuzhi Sita Temple, <a href="/wiki/Muthanga" class="mw-redirect" title="Muthanga">Muthanga</a>, Kerala.<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Sree Seetha Devi Lava-Kusha Temple, <a href="/wiki/Irulam" title="Irulam">Irulam</a>, Kerala.</li> <li>Sita Temple, Phalswari, <a href="/wiki/Pauri" title="Pauri">Pauri</a> district, <a href="/wiki/Uttarakhand" title="Uttarakhand">Uttarakhand</a>, India (Proposed).<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sita_M%C4%81%C4%AB_Temple" class="mw-redirect" title="Sita Māī Temple">Sita Mai Temple</a>, situated in Sitamai village in the Karnal district of <a href="/wiki/Haryana" title="Haryana">Haryana</a>, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sita_Samahit_Sthal" title="Sita Samahit Sthal">Sita Samahit Sthal</a>, situated in <a href="/wiki/Bhadohi_district" title="Bhadohi district">Bhadohi</a> district in <a href="/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh">Uttar Pradesh</a>, India.</li> <li>Sita Temple, situated in <a href="/wiki/Yavatmal_district" title="Yavatmal district">Yavatmal</a> district in <a href="/wiki/Maharashtra" title="Maharashtra">Maharashtra</a>, India.<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urvija_Kund" title="Urvija Kund">Urvija Kund</a>, situated in Sitamarhi district in Bihar, India.<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Sita Ki Rasoi, situated in <a href="/wiki/Ayodhya_district" title="Ayodhya district">Ayodhya</a> district in Uttar Pradesh, India.<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Janki_Mandir.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Janaki Mandir of Janakpur, Nepal is a center of pilgrimage where the wedding of Sri Rama and Sita took place and is re-enacted yearly as Vivaha Panchami."><img alt="Janaki Mandir of Janakpur, Nepal is a center of pilgrimage where the wedding of Sri Rama and Sita took place and is re-enacted yearly as Vivaha Panchami." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Janki_Mandir.JPG/200px-Janki_Mandir.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Janki_Mandir.JPG/300px-Janki_Mandir.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Janki_Mandir.JPG/400px-Janki_Mandir.JPG 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Janaki_Mandir" title="Janaki Mandir">Janaki Mandir</a> of <a href="/wiki/Janakpur" title="Janakpur">Janakpur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a> is a center of pilgrimage where the wedding of Sri Rama and Sita took place and is re-enacted yearly as <a href="/wiki/Vivaha_Panchami" title="Vivaha Panchami">Vivaha Panchami</a>. </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Janaki_kund,_Sitamarhi,_Bihar.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Janaki Kund at Sitamarhi, Bihar."><img alt="Janaki Kund at Sitamarhi, Bihar." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Janaki_kund%2C_Sitamarhi%2C_Bihar.jpg/200px-Janaki_kund%2C_Sitamarhi%2C_Bihar.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Janaki_kund%2C_Sitamarhi%2C_Bihar.jpg/300px-Janaki_kund%2C_Sitamarhi%2C_Bihar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Janaki_kund%2C_Sitamarhi%2C_Bihar.jpg/400px-Janaki_kund%2C_Sitamarhi%2C_Bihar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="450" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Janaki Kund at <a href="/wiki/Sitamarhi" title="Sitamarhi">Sitamarhi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bihar" title="Bihar">Bihar</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:LK-seetha-amman-kovil-01.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Seetha Amman Kovil, Nähe Nuwara Eliya, Sri Lanka."><img alt="Seetha Amman Kovil, Nähe Nuwara Eliya, Sri Lanka." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/LK-seetha-amman-kovil-01.jpg/200px-LK-seetha-amman-kovil-01.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/LK-seetha-amman-kovil-01.jpg/300px-LK-seetha-amman-kovil-01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/LK-seetha-amman-kovil-01.jpg/400px-LK-seetha-amman-kovil-01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4928" data-file-height="3264" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Seetha Amman Kovil, Nähe Nuwara Eliya, Sri Lanka.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Worship_and_festivals">Worship and festivals</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ram,_Sita,_Lakshman_and_Hanuman.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Ram%2C_Sita%2C_Lakshman_and_Hanuman.jpg/220px-Ram%2C_Sita%2C_Lakshman_and_Hanuman.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Ram%2C_Sita%2C_Lakshman_and_Hanuman.jpg/330px-Ram%2C_Sita%2C_Lakshman_and_Hanuman.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Ram%2C_Sita%2C_Lakshman_and_Hanuman.jpg/440px-Ram%2C_Sita%2C_Lakshman_and_Hanuman.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1417" data-file-height="946" /></a><figcaption>Rama, Sita, Lakshmana and Hanumana worship at <a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_Hindu_Temple" title="Gibraltar Hindu Temple">Gibraltar Hindu Temple</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a></figcaption></figure> <p>As part of the <a href="/wiki/Bhakti_movement" title="Bhakti movement">Bhakti movement</a>, Rama and Sita became the focus of the <a href="/wiki/Ramanandi_Sampradaya" title="Ramanandi Sampradaya">Ramanandi Sampradaya</a>, a <i><a href="/wiki/Sannyasi" class="mw-redirect" title="Sannyasi">sannyasi</a></i> community founded by the 14th-century North-Indian poet-saint <a href="/wiki/Ramananda" title="Ramananda">Ramananda</a>. This community has grown to become the largest Hindu <a href="/wiki/Sannyasa" title="Sannyasa">monastic</a> community in modern times.<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sita is also the supreme goddess in the <a href="/wiki/Haridas_Niranjani" title="Haridas Niranjani">Niranjani Sampradaya</a>, that primarily worships Rama and Sita.<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Prajapati" title="Prajapati">Prajapati</a> describes Sita as primal Prakriti, or primordial nature.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMahadevan1975239–240_117-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMahadevan1975239–240-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWarrier196785–95_84-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWarrier196785–95-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She is, asserts the text, same as Lakshmi and the Shakti (energy and power) of <a href="/wiki/Vishnu" title="Vishnu">Vishnu</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWarrier196785–95_84-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWarrier196785–95-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-vrrao21_118-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vrrao21-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She represents the vocal form of the four <a href="/wiki/Vedas" title="Vedas">Vedas</a>, which the text asserts comes from 21 schools of <a href="/wiki/Rigveda" title="Rigveda">Rigveda</a>, 109 schools of <a href="/wiki/Yajurveda" title="Yajurveda">Yajurveda</a>, 1000 schools of <a href="/wiki/Samaveda" title="Samaveda">Samaveda</a>, and 40 schools of Atharvaveda.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWarrier196785–95_84-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWarrier196785–95-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sita is <a href="/wiki/Lakshmi" title="Lakshmi">Lakshmi</a>, seated as a <a href="/wiki/Yogini" title="Yogini">Yogini</a> on her lion throne,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJohnsen200255_119-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJohnsen200255-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and she personifies three goddesses: <a href="/wiki/Shri" title="Shri">Shri</a> (goddess of prosperity, <a href="/wiki/Lakshmi" title="Lakshmi">Lakshmi</a>), <a href="/wiki/Bh%C5%ABmi" class="mw-redirect" title="Bhūmi">Bhumi</a> (mother earth), and <a href="/wiki/Nila_Devi" class="mw-redirect" title="Nila Devi">Nila</a> (goddess of destruction).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDalal20141069_55-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDalal20141069-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENair2008581_120-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENair2008581-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hymns">Hymns</h3></div> <p>List of prayers and hymns dedicated to Sita are: </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Jai_Siya_Ram" title="Jai Siya Ram">Jai Siya Ram</a></i> – Greeting or Salutation in <a href="/wiki/North_India" title="North India">North India</a> dedicated to Sita and Rama.<sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Siyavar Ramchandraji Ki Jai</i> – Greeting or Salutation dedicated to Sita and Rama. The hymns introduces Rama as Sita's husband.</li> <li><i>Sita-Ram-Sita-Ram</i> – The maha-mantra is as follows:</li></ul> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>सीता राम सीता राम सीता राम जय सीता राम। सीता राम सीता राम सीता राम जय सीता राम।।</p></blockquote> <ul><li><i>Hare Rama Rama Rama, Sita Rama Rama Rama</i>.</li> <li><i>Sita Kavacha</i> – The hymn dedicated to Sita, mentioned in the Manohar Kanda of <i><a href="/wiki/Ananda_Ramayana" title="Ananda Ramayana">Ananda Ramayana</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vinaya_Patrika" title="Vinaya Patrika">Vinaya Patrika</a></i> – The devotional poem has prayers dedicated to Sita.<sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Janaki Mangal</i> – This verse describes the episode of Sita and Rama's marriage and has hymns and prayers dedicated to them.<sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Festivals">Festivals</h3></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Sita_Navami">Sita Navami</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sita_Navami" title="Sita Navami">Sita Navami</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ma_Janki,_Sitamarhi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Ma_Janki%2C_Sitamarhi.jpg/220px-Ma_Janki%2C_Sitamarhi.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Ma_Janki%2C_Sitamarhi.jpg/330px-Ma_Janki%2C_Sitamarhi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Ma_Janki%2C_Sitamarhi.jpg/440px-Ma_Janki%2C_Sitamarhi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="504" /></a><figcaption>Image depicting the manifestation of Sita from the Earth</figcaption></figure> <p>Sita Navami is a <a href="/wiki/Hindus" title="Hindus">Hindu</a> festival that celebrates the birth of the goddess Sita, one of the most popular deities in Hinduism, and an incarnation of the goddess <a href="/wiki/Lakshmi" title="Lakshmi">Lakshmi</a>. It is celebrated on the <i><a href="/wiki/Navami" title="Navami">navami</a></i> (ninth day) of the <i><a href="/wiki/Paksha" title="Paksha">Shukla Paksha</a></i> (first lunar fortnight) of the <a href="/wiki/Hindu_calendar" title="Hindu calendar">Hindu month</a> of <a href="/wiki/Vaisakha" class="mw-redirect" title="Vaisakha"><i>Vaishakha</i></a>.<sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sita is revered for her loyalty, devotion and sacrifice to her husband. She is considered the epitome of womanhood and is regarded as the ideal wife and mother in the <a href="/wiki/Indian_subcontinent" title="Indian subcontinent">Indian subcontinent</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It celebrates the anniversary date of the appearance or manifestation of Sita. On the occasion of Sita Navami, married women fast for their husbands's long life.<sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Vivaha_Panchami">Vivaha Panchami</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Vivaha_Panchami" title="Vivaha Panchami">Vivaha Panchami</a></div> <p>Vivaha Panchami is a Hindu festival celebrating the wedding of Rama and Sita in the <a href="/wiki/Janakpurdham" class="mw-redirect" title="Janakpurdham">Janakpurdham</a> which was the capital city of <a href="/wiki/Mithila_(region)" title="Mithila (region)">Mithila</a>. It is observed on the fifth day of the <a href="/wiki/Paksha" title="Paksha">Shukla paksha</a> or waxing phase of moon in the <a href="/wiki/Agrahayana" title="Agrahayana">Agrahayana</a> month (November – December) as per the <a href="/wiki/Bikram_Samvat" class="mw-redirect" title="Bikram Samvat">Bikram Samvat</a> calendar and in the month of <a href="/wiki/Mangsir" title="Mangsir">Mangsir</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ABP_129-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ABP-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The day is observed as the Vivaha Utsava of Sita and <a href="/wiki/Rama" title="Rama">Rama</a> in temples and sacred places associated with Rama, such as the Mithila region of <a href="/wiki/Bihar" title="Bihar">Bihar</a>, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a> and Ayodhya of India.<sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ramlila_and_Dussehra">Ramlila and Dussehra</h4></div> <p>Rama and Sita's life is remembered and celebrated every year with dramatic plays and fireworks in autumn. This is called <a href="/wiki/Ramlila" title="Ramlila">Ramlila</a>, and the play follows the <i><a href="/wiki/Ramayana" title="Ramayana">Ramayana</a></i> or more commonly the <i><a href="/wiki/Ramcharitmanas" title="Ramcharitmanas">Ramcharitmanas</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is observed through thousands of Rama-related performance arts and dance events, that are staged during the festival of <a href="/wiki/Navratri" class="mw-redirect" title="Navratri">Navratri</a> in <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEncyclopedia_Britannica2015_133-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEncyclopedia_Britannica2015-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the enactment of the legendary war between Good and Evil, the Ramlila celebrations climax in the <a href="/wiki/Dussehra" class="mw-redirect" title="Dussehra">Dussehra</a> (Dasara, Vijayadashami) night festivities where the giant grotesque effigies of Evil such as of demon Ravana are burnt, typically with fireworks.<sup id="cite_ref-134" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Ramlila festivities were declared by UNESCO as one of the "Intangible Cultural Heritages of Humanity" in 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-135" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ramlila is particularly notable in historically important Hindu cities of <a href="/wiki/Ayodhya_(Ramayana)" title="Ayodhya (Ramayana)">Ayodhya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Varanasi" title="Varanasi">Varanasi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vrindavan" title="Vrindavan">Vrindavan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Almora" title="Almora">Almora</a>, <a href="/wiki/Satna" title="Satna">Satna</a> and <a href="/wiki/Madhubani_district" title="Madhubani district">Madhubani</a> – cities in Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Bihar and Madhya Pradesh. The epic and its dramatic play migrated into southeast Asia in the 1st millennium CE, and <i>Ramayana</i> based <i>Ramlila</i> is a part of performance arts culture of Indonesia, particularly the Hindu society of <a href="/wiki/Bali" title="Bali">Bali</a>, <a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia">Cambodia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-136" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-137" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Diwali">Diwali</h4></div> <p>In some parts of India, Rama and Sita's return to Ayodhya and their coronation is the main reason for celebrating <a href="/wiki/Diwali" title="Diwali">Diwali</a>, also known as the <i>Festival of Lights</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-138" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Vasanthotsavam">Vasanthotsavam</h4></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Vasanthotsavam" title="Vasanthotsavam">Vasanthotsavam</a> is an annual Seva celebrated in <a href="/wiki/Tirumala" title="Tirumala">Tirumala</a> to celebrate the arrival of spring season.<sup id="cite_ref-139" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-139"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Abhishekam</i> – specifically called <i>Snapana Thirumanjanam</i> (Holy bathing), is performed to the utsava murthy and his consorts on all the three days. On the third day, abhishekam is performed to the idols of <a href="/wiki/Rama" title="Rama">Rama</a>, Sita, <a href="/wiki/Lakshmana" title="Lakshmana">Lakshmana</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hanumana" title="Hanumana">Hanumana</a> along with <a href="/wiki/Krishna" title="Krishna">Krishna</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rukmini" title="Rukmini">Rukmini</a>. Procession of the consecrated idols are taken in a procession in the evening on all the three days.<sup id="cite_ref-140" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Outside_the_Indian_subcontinent">Outside the Indian subcontinent</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Indonesia">Indonesia</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Reli%C3%ABf_op_de_aan_Shiva_gewijde_tempel_op_de_Candi_Lara_Jonggrang_oftewel_het_Prambanan_tempelcomplex_TMnr_10016191.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Reli%C3%ABf_op_de_aan_Shiva_gewijde_tempel_op_de_Candi_Lara_Jonggrang_oftewel_het_Prambanan_tempelcomplex_TMnr_10016191.jpg/220px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Reli%C3%ABf_op_de_aan_Shiva_gewijde_tempel_op_de_Candi_Lara_Jonggrang_oftewel_het_Prambanan_tempelcomplex_TMnr_10016191.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Reli%C3%ABf_op_de_aan_Shiva_gewijde_tempel_op_de_Candi_Lara_Jonggrang_oftewel_het_Prambanan_tempelcomplex_TMnr_10016191.jpg/330px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Reli%C3%ABf_op_de_aan_Shiva_gewijde_tempel_op_de_Candi_Lara_Jonggrang_oftewel_het_Prambanan_tempelcomplex_TMnr_10016191.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Reli%C3%ABf_op_de_aan_Shiva_gewijde_tempel_op_de_Candi_Lara_Jonggrang_oftewel_het_Prambanan_tempelcomplex_TMnr_10016191.jpg/440px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Reli%C3%ABf_op_de_aan_Shiva_gewijde_tempel_op_de_Candi_Lara_Jonggrang_oftewel_het_Prambanan_tempelcomplex_TMnr_10016191.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="499" /></a><figcaption>Ravana kidnapping Sita riding winged giant, while the Jatayu on the left tried to help her. 9th century <a href="/wiki/Prambanan" title="Prambanan">Prambanan</a> bas-relief at the temple dedicated to Shiva at Prambanan temple complex, <a href="/wiki/Java" title="Java">Java</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesian</a> version, especially in <a href="/wiki/Javanese_people" title="Javanese people">Javanese</a> <a href="/wiki/Wayang" title="Wayang">wayang</a> stories. Sita in Indonesia is called <i>Rakyan Wara Sinta</i> or <i>Shinta</i>. Uniquely, she is also referred to as Ravana's own biological daughter, the Javanese version of Ravana is told that he fell in love with a female priest named Widawati. However, Widawati rejected his love and chose to commit suicide. Ravana was determined to find and marry the reincarnation of Widawati.<sup id="cite_ref-141" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-141"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On the instructions of his teacher, Resi Maruta, Rahwana learns that Widawati will incarnate as his own daughter. But when his wife named Dewi Kanung gave birth, Ravana went to expand the colony. Wibisana took the baby girl who was born by Kanung to be dumped in the river in a crate. Wibisana then exchanged the baby with a baby boy she had created from the sky. The baby boy was finally recognized by Ravana as his son, and later became known as Indrajit. Meanwhile, the baby girl who was dumped by Wibisana was carried by the river to the territory of the Mantili Kingdom. The king of the country named Janaka took and made her an adopted daughter, with the name Shinta.<sup id="cite_ref-142" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>142<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The next story is not much different from the original version, namely the marriage of Shinta to Sri Rama, her kidnapping, and the death of Ravana in the great war. However, the Javanese version says, after the war ended, Rama did not become king in Ayodhya, but instead built a new kingdom called Pancawati. From her marriage to Rama, Sinta gave birth to two sons named Ramabatlawa and Ramakusiya. The first son, namely Ramabatlawa, brought down the kings of the Mandura Kingdom, including Basudeva, and also his son, Krishna.<sup id="cite_ref-143" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-143"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>143<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Javanese version of Krishna is referred to as the reincarnation of Rama, while his younger brother, Subhadra, is referred to as the reincarnation of Shinta. Thus, the relationship between Rama and Shinta, who in the previous life was husband and wife, turned into brother and sister in the next life.<sup id="cite_ref-144" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-144"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>144<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-145" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-145"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Wayang_story">Wayang story</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajangpop_TMnr_4833-101.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajangpop_TMnr_4833-101.jpg/220px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajangpop_TMnr_4833-101.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajangpop_TMnr_4833-101.jpg/330px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajangpop_TMnr_4833-101.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajangpop_TMnr_4833-101.jpg/440px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajangpop_TMnr_4833-101.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Shinta <a href="/wiki/Wayang" title="Wayang">wayang</a> (puppetry) figures</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ramawijaya_dan_Shinta_pada_Sendratari_Ramayana_Prambanan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Ramawijaya_dan_Shinta_pada_Sendratari_Ramayana_Prambanan.jpg/220px-Ramawijaya_dan_Shinta_pada_Sendratari_Ramayana_Prambanan.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="289" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Ramawijaya_dan_Shinta_pada_Sendratari_Ramayana_Prambanan.jpg/330px-Ramawijaya_dan_Shinta_pada_Sendratari_Ramayana_Prambanan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Ramawijaya_dan_Shinta_pada_Sendratari_Ramayana_Prambanan.jpg/440px-Ramawijaya_dan_Shinta_pada_Sendratari_Ramayana_Prambanan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="4800" /></a><figcaption>Rama and Shinta in <a href="/wiki/Wayang_Wong" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayang Wong">Wayang Wong</a> performance near <a href="/wiki/Candi_of_Indonesia" title="Candi of Indonesia">temple</a> in Indonesia</figcaption></figure> <p>Shinta is the daughter of an angel named Batari Tari or Kanun, the wife of Ravana. Shinta is believed to be the incarnation of Btari Widawati, the wife of Lord Vishnu. In the seventh month, Kanun who was "mitoni" her pregnancy, suddenly caused a stir in the Alengka palace, because the baby he was carrying was predicted by several priests who were at the party that he would become Rahwana's "wife" (his own father). Ravana was furious. He rose from his throne and wanted to behead Kanun. But before it was realized, Ravana suddenly canceled his intention because he thought who knew his child would become a beautiful child. Thus, she too will be willing to marry him. Sure enough, when Ravana was on an overseas service, his empress gave birth to a baby girl with a very beautiful face glowing like the full moon. Wibisana (Ravana's sister) who is holy and full of humanity, immediately took the baby and put it in Sinta's diamond, then anchored it into the river. Only God can help him, that's what Wibisana thought. He immediately made the black mega cloud into a baby boy who would later be named Megananda or Indrajit.<sup id="cite_ref-146" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-146"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>146<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Syahdan a hermit named Prabu Janaka from the land of Mantili, begged the gods to be blessed with offspring. So surprised when he opened his eyes, he heard the cry of a baby in a sinking ketupat floating in the river. The baby was taken with pleasure and brought home adopted as his son. Because the baby is known to be in the diamond Sinta, then he was given the name Sinta. After being 17 years old, Sinta made a commotion all the youth, both domestic and foreign cadets because of her beauty.<sup id="cite_ref-Robson_147-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Robson-147"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>147<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One day, a contest was held. Anyone who can draw the giant bow of Mantili's national heritage will become Sinta's mate. Ramawijaya, who was studying at the Brahmin Yogiswara, was advised to take part in the contest. Of course, Rama was successful, because he was the incarnation of Vishnu. Engagements and marriages are all enlivened with debauchery, both in the country of Mantili and in Ayodya. But luck was not good for both of them, while enjoying their honeymoon, suddenly the crown belonged to Kekayi, Rama's stepmother. </p><p>Dasarata Mr. Rama was ordered to hand over the crown to Bharata (Rama's younger brother). In addition, Rama, Sinta and Laksmana had to leave the palace into the wilderness for 13 years. In exile in the jungle, Sinta is unable to contain her desire to control the tempting Kijang Kencana, which someone who is concerned should not have. What was sparkling, at first he thought would make him happy, but on the contrary. Not only can Kijang Kencana be caught, but moreover he is captured and held captive by his own lust, which is manifested in the form of Ravana. Briefly he was diruda paripaksa, put in a gold cage in Alengka for about 12 years.<sup id="cite_ref-148" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-148"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>148<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One time, Raden Ramawijaya was defeated by Raden Ramawijaya, until Dewi Shinta was freed from Ravana's shackles. However, Shinta's suffering did not end there. After being released, she was still suspected of her chastity by her own husband Ramawijaya. So, to show that as long as in the reign of the King of Alengka, Sinta has not been stained, Shinta proves herself by plunging into the fire. Shinta was saved from the raging fire by the gods of heaven.<sup id="cite_ref-149" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-149"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>149<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-150" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-150"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>150<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cambodia">Cambodia</h3></div> <p>Sita is referred to as Neang Seda in the Cambodian version <i><a href="/wiki/Reamker" title="Reamker">Reamker</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-151" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-151"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>151<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While the story is similar to the original epic, there are two difference. Firstly, Rama married Sita, by completing the challenge of firing arrows through a spinning wheel with spokes. Later, Neang Seda (Sita) leave for the forest immediately after passing the test, as she is deeply offended by her husband's lack of trust in her and his lack of belief in her word.<sup id="cite_ref-152" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-152"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>152<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nepal">Nepal</h3></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a>'s Janakpur is considered to be Sita's birthplace, other than <a href="/wiki/Bihar" title="Bihar">Bihar</a>'s Sitamarhi. Sita is one of the eighteen <a href="/wiki/National_Hero_of_Nepal" title="National Hero of Nepal">national heroes</a> (<i>rastriya bibhuti</i>) of Nepal.<sup id="cite_ref-153" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-153"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>153<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_other_countries">In other countries</h3></div> <p>Sita is referred to as the following, in different versions of <i>Ramayana</i>: </p> <ul><li>Nang Sida, who embodies purity and fidelity – <i><a href="/wiki/Ramakien" title="Ramakien">Ramakien</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-154" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-154"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>154<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Towan Potri Malano Tihaya, or Potri Malayla Ganding, the princess of Polo Nabanday – <i><a href="/wiki/Maharadia_Lawana" title="Maharadia Lawana">Maharadia Lawana</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>.</li> <li>Siti Dewi, adoptive daughter of Maharisi Kali – <i><a href="/wiki/Hikayat_Seri_Rama" title="Hikayat Seri Rama">Hikayat Seri Rama</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-155" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-155"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>155<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Nang Sida, incarnation of Nang Souxada – <i><a href="/wiki/Phra_Lak_Phra_Ram" title="Phra Lak Phra Ram">Phra Lak Phra Ram</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-156" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-156"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>156<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Influence_and_depiction">Influence and depiction</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sita(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Sita%281%29.jpg/170px-Sita%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="246" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Sita%281%29.jpg/255px-Sita%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Sita%281%29.jpg/340px-Sita%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1300" data-file-height="1881" /></a><figcaption>Sita as depicted in a painting by <a href="/wiki/Raja_Ravi_Varma" title="Raja Ravi Varma">Raja Ravi Varma</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Paintings">Paintings</h3></div> <p>Rama and Sita have inspired many forms of performance arts and literary works.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJames_G._Lochtefeld2002_157-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJames_G._Lochtefeld2002-157"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>157<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Madhubani_paintings" class="mw-redirect" title="Madhubani paintings">Madhubani paintings</a> are charismatic art of Bihar, and are mostly based on religion and mythology. In the paintings, Hindu gods like Sita-Rama are in center with their marriage ceremony being one of the primary theme.<sup id="cite_ref-Madhubani_Painting_81-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Madhubani_Painting-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sita's abduction and her days in Lanka have also been depicted in the <a href="/wiki/Rajput_painting" title="Rajput painting">Rajput paintings</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-158" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-158"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>158<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ravana,_overwhelmed_by_grief_on_hearing_of_his_son%27s_deat,_sends_out_more_forces_against_Rama._From_Mewar_Ramayana.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Ravana%2C_overwhelmed_by_grief_on_hearing_of_his_son%27s_deat%2C_sends_out_more_forces_against_Rama._From_Mewar_Ramayana.jpg/220px-Ravana%2C_overwhelmed_by_grief_on_hearing_of_his_son%27s_deat%2C_sends_out_more_forces_against_Rama._From_Mewar_Ramayana.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Ravana%2C_overwhelmed_by_grief_on_hearing_of_his_son%27s_deat%2C_sends_out_more_forces_against_Rama._From_Mewar_Ramayana.jpg/330px-Ravana%2C_overwhelmed_by_grief_on_hearing_of_his_son%27s_deat%2C_sends_out_more_forces_against_Rama._From_Mewar_Ramayana.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Ravana%2C_overwhelmed_by_grief_on_hearing_of_his_son%27s_deat%2C_sends_out_more_forces_against_Rama._From_Mewar_Ramayana.jpg/440px-Ravana%2C_overwhelmed_by_grief_on_hearing_of_his_son%27s_deat%2C_sends_out_more_forces_against_Rama._From_Mewar_Ramayana.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1161" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Ravana" title="Ravana">Ravana</a>, overwhelmed by grief on hearing of his son's death, sends out more forces against <a href="/wiki/Rama" title="Rama">Rama</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Sahibdin" title="Sahibdin">Sahibdin</a>, Folio from the Mewar <a href="/wiki/Ramayana" title="Ramayana">Ramayana</a>. Arranged in old horizontal <i>pothī</i> format, a full-page picture on one side of folio and accompanying text on the reverse, this painting follow Indian tradition of illustration of several connected incidents from a story in the same picture in continuous narration. Here we first see Ravana overwhelmed by grief on hearing of his last remaining son's death. Then furious with rage, he rushes with his upraised sword at Sita, who calmly awaits her fate seated in her grove, but he is restrained by his minister Suparsva. In order to intimidate <a href="/wiki/Rama" title="Rama">Rama</a> for his own going forth on the morrow, he decides to send out his army yet again to the accompaniment of war-drums and trumpets being beaten and blown, while his own bow is made ready. Mewar, 1652. <a href="/wiki/British_Library" title="British Library">British Library</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-159" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-159"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>159<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Music">Music</h3></div> <p>Sita is a primary figure in <a href="/wiki/Maithili_music" title="Maithili music">Maithili music</a>, of the <a href="/wiki/Mithila_(region)" title="Mithila (region)">Mithila</a> region. The folk music genre <i>Lagan</i>, mentions about the problems faced by Rama and Sita during their marriage.<sup id="cite_ref-160" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-160"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>160<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-161" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-161"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>161<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dance_and_art_forms">Dance and art forms</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Burmese_Ramayana_dance.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Burmese_Ramayana_dance.jpg/180px-Burmese_Ramayana_dance.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="266" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Burmese_Ramayana_dance.jpg/270px-Burmese_Ramayana_dance.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Burmese_Ramayana_dance.jpg/360px-Burmese_Ramayana_dance.jpg 2x" data-file-width="866" data-file-height="1280" /></a><figcaption>Rama (Yama) and Sita (Thida) in <a href="/wiki/Yama_Zatdaw" title="Yama Zatdaw">Yama Zatdaw</a>, the Burmese version of the Ramayana</figcaption></figure> <p>The <i>Ramayana</i> became popular in <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast Asia</a> from the 8th century onward and was represented in literature, temple architecture, dance and theatre.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERichman199117_162-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERichman199117-162"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>162<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dramatic enactments of the story of the <i>Ramayana</i>, known as <a href="/wiki/Ramlila" title="Ramlila">Ramlila</a>, take place all across <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> and in many places across the globe within the <a href="/wiki/Non-resident_Indian_and_person_of_Indian_origin" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-resident Indian and person of Indian origin">Indian diaspora</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-163" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-163"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>163<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>, especially <a href="/wiki/Java" title="Java">Java</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bali" title="Bali">Bali</a>, <i>Ramayana</i> has become a popular source of artistic expression for dance drama and shadow puppet performances in the region. <a href="/wiki/Ramayana_Ballet" title="Ramayana Ballet">Sendratari Ramayana</a> is the <a href="/wiki/Javanese_dance" class="mw-redirect" title="Javanese dance">Javanese traditional ballet</a> in <a href="/wiki/Wayang_orang" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayang orang">wayang orang</a> style, routinely performed in the cultural center of <a href="/wiki/Yogyakarta" title="Yogyakarta">Yogyakarta</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-164" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-164"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>164<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-165" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-165"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>165<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/Balinese_temples" class="mw-redirect" title="Balinese temples">Balinese Hindu temples</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ubud" title="Ubud">Ubud</a> and <a href="/wiki/Uluwatu_Temple" title="Uluwatu Temple">Uluwatu</a>, where scenes from Ramayana are an integral part of <a href="/wiki/Kecak" title="Kecak">kecak</a> dance performances.<sup id="cite_ref-166" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-166"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>166<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-167" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-167"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>167<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Culture">Culture</h3></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/North_India" title="North India">North Indian</a> region, mainly in <a href="/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh">Uttar Pradesh</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bihar" title="Bihar">Bihar</a>, people use salutations such as <i><a href="/wiki/Jai_Shri_Ram" title="Jai Shri Ram">Jai Shri Ram</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Jai_Siya_Ram" title="Jai Siya Ram">Jai Siya Ram</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBreman1999270_168-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBreman1999270-168"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>168<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <i>Siyavar Ramchandraji Ki Jai</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-IE_assertive_169-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IE_assertive-169"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>169<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Photojournalist Prashant Panjiar wrote about how in the city Ayodhya female pilgrims always chant "Sita-Ram-Sita-Ram".<sup id="cite_ref-IE_assertive_169-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IE_assertive-169"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>169<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ramanandi ascetics (called <i>Bairagis</i>) often use chants like "Jaya Sita Ram" and "Sita Ram".<sup id="cite_ref-170" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-170"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>170<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-171" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-171"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>171<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The chants of <i>Jai Siya Ram</i> is also common at religious places and gatherings, for example, the <a href="/wiki/Kumbh_Mela" title="Kumbh Mela">Kumbh Mela</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-172" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-172"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>172<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-173" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-173"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>173<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is often used during the recital of <i>Ramayana</i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Ramcharitmanas" title="Ramcharitmanas">Ramcharitmanas</a></i>, especially the <a href="/wiki/Sundara_Kanda" title="Sundara Kanda">Sundara Kanda</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBreman1999_174-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBreman1999-174"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>174<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Writer <a href="/wiki/Amish_Tripathi" title="Amish Tripathi">Amish Tripathi</a> opines that "Shri" in <i>Jai Shri Ram</i> means Sita. He added, </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>We say <i>Jai Shri Ram</i> or <i>Jai Siya Ram</i>. Lord Ram and Goddess Sita are inseparable. When we worship Lord Ram, we worship Sita as well. We learn from Lord Ram, we learn from Goddess Sita as well. Traditionally, when you say <i>Jai Shri Ram</i>, Shri means Sita. Sita is the avatar of Goddess Laxmi and referred to as Shri. So, that's the way to see it. It's an equal partnership."<sup id="cite_ref-175" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-175"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>175<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h3></div> <p>Sita's story and sacrifice have inspired "painting, film, novels, poems, TV serials and plays". Prominently, she is depicted in all the adaptations of <i>Ramayana</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-176" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-176"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>176<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Films">Films</h4></div> <p>The following people portrayed Sita in the film adaptation of <i>Ramayana</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-177" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-177"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>177<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Durga_Khote" title="Durga Khote">Durga Khote</a> portrayed her in the 1934 Bengali film <i><a href="/wiki/Seeta_(1934_film)" title="Seeta (1934 film)">Seeta</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-178" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-178"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>178<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shobhna_Samarth" title="Shobhna Samarth">Shobhna Samarth</a> portrayed her in the 1943 Hindi film <i><a href="/wiki/Ram_Rajya_(1943_film)" title="Ram Rajya (1943 film)">Ram Rajya</a></i>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padmini_(actress)" title="Padmini (actress)">Padmini</a> portrayed her in the 1958 Tamil film <i><a href="/wiki/Sampoorna_Ramayanam_(1958_film)" title="Sampoorna Ramayanam (1958 film)">Sampoorna Ramayanam</a></i>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kusalakumari" title="Kusalakumari">Kusalakumari</a> portrayed her in the 1960 Malayalam film <i><a href="/wiki/Seeta_(1960_film)" title="Seeta (1960 film)">Seeta</a></i>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anjali_Devi" title="Anjali Devi">Anjali Devi</a> portrayed her in the 1968 Telugu film <i><a href="/wiki/Veeranjaneya" title="Veeranjaneya">Veeranjaneya</a></i>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sridevi" title="Sridevi">Sridevi</a> portrayed her in the 1976 Tamil film <i><a href="/wiki/Dasavatharam_(film)" title="Dasavatharam (film)">Dasavatharam</a></i>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smitha_Madhav" title="Smitha Madhav">Smitha Madhav</a> portrayed her in the 1997 Telugu film <i><a href="/wiki/Ramayanam_(1997_film)" title="Ramayanam (1997 film)">Ramayanam</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-179" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-179"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>179<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaya_Prada" title="Jaya Prada">Jaya Prada</a> portrayed her in the 1997 Hindi film <i><a href="/wiki/Lav_Kush" title="Lav Kush">Lav Kush</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-180" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>180<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Rael Padmasee and <a href="/wiki/Namrata_Sawhney" class="mw-redirect" title="Namrata Sawhney">Namrata Sawhney</a> voiced her in the 1992 animated film <i><a href="/wiki/Ramayana:_The_Legend_of_Prince_Rama" title="Ramayana: The Legend of Prince Rama">Ramayana: The Legend of Prince Rama</a></i>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juhi_Chawla" title="Juhi Chawla">Juhi Chawla</a> voiced her in the 2010 animated Hindi film <i><a href="/wiki/Ramayana:_The_Epic" title="Ramayana: The Epic">Ramayana: The Epic</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-181" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-181"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>181<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nayanthara" title="Nayanthara">Nayanthara</a> portrayed her in the 2011 Telugu film <i><a href="/wiki/Sri_Rama_Rajyam" title="Sri Rama Rajyam">Sri Rama Rajyam</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-182" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-182"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>182<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kriti_Sanon" title="Kriti Sanon">Kriti Sanon</a> portrayed her in the 2023 Hindi film <i><a href="/wiki/Adipurush" title="Adipurush">Adipurush</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-183" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-183"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>183<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Television">Television</h4></div> <p>The following people portrayed Sita in the television adaptation of <i>Ramayana</i>. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dipika_Chikhlia" title="Dipika Chikhlia">Dipika Chikhlia</a> portrayed her in the 1987 series <i><a href="/wiki/Ramayan_(1987_TV_series)" title="Ramayan (1987 TV series)">Ramayan</a></i> and the 1998 series <i><a href="/wiki/Luv_Kush" title="Luv Kush">Luv Kush</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-184" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-184"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>184<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Shilpa Mukherjee / Meenakshi Gupta portrayed her in the 1997 series <i><a href="/wiki/Jai_Hanuman_(1997_TV_series)" title="Jai Hanuman (1997 TV series)">Jai Hanuman</a></i>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reena_Kapoor" title="Reena Kapoor">Reena Kapoor</a> portrayed her in the 2000 series <i><a href="/wiki/Vishnu_Puran_(TV_series)" title="Vishnu Puran (TV series)">Vishnu Puran</a></i>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smriti_Irani" title="Smriti Irani">Smriti Irani</a> portrayed her in the 2002 series <i><a href="/wiki/Ramayan_(2002_TV_series)" title="Ramayan (2002 TV series)">Ramayan</a></i>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debina_Bonnerjee" title="Debina Bonnerjee">Debina Bonnerjee</a> portrayed her in the 2008 series <i><a href="/wiki/Ramayan_(2008_TV_series)" title="Ramayan (2008 TV series)">Ramayan</a></i>.</li> <li>Reena Shah voiced her in the 2008 America animated series <i><a href="/wiki/Sita_Sings_the_Blues" title="Sita Sings the Blues">Sita Sings the Blues</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Annette_Hanshaw" title="Annette Hanshaw">Annette Hanshaw</a> sang for her in the series songs.<sup id="cite_ref-185" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-185"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>185<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rubina_Dilaik" title="Rubina Dilaik">Rubina Dilaik</a><i> portrayed her in the 2011 series <a href="/wiki/Devon_Ke_Dev...Mahadev" title="Devon Ke Dev...Mahadev">Devon Ke Dev...Mahadev</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-186" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-186"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>186<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neha_Sargam" title="Neha Sargam">Neha Sargam</a> portrayed her in the 2012 series <i><a href="/wiki/Ramayan_(2012_TV_series)" title="Ramayan (2012 TV series)">Ramayan</a></i>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richa_Pallod" title="Richa Pallod">Richa Pallod</a> portrayed her in the 2012 mini-series <i><a href="/wiki/Ramleela_%E2%80%93_Ajay_Devgn_Ke_Saath" title="Ramleela – Ajay Devgn Ke Saath">Ramleela – Ajay Devgn Ke Saath</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Madhushree" title="Madhushree">Madhushree</a> voiced for her in the song, "Jaao Na Morey Piya".</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deblina_Chatterjee" title="Deblina Chatterjee">Deblina Chatterjee</a> portrayed her in the 2015 series <i><a href="/wiki/Sankat_Mochan_Mahabali_Hanumaan" title="Sankat Mochan Mahabali Hanumaan">Sankat Mochan Mahabali Hanumaan</a></i>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madirakshi_Mundle" title="Madirakshi Mundle">Madirakshi Mundle</a> portrayed her in the 2015 series <i><a href="/wiki/Siya_Ke_Ram" title="Siya Ke Ram">Siya Ke Ram</a></i> and the 2022 series <i><a href="/wiki/Jai_Hanuman_%E2%80%93_Sankatmochan_Naam_Tiharo" title="Jai Hanuman – Sankatmochan Naam Tiharo">Jai Hanuman – Sankatmochan Naam Tiharo</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-187" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-187"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>187<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shivya_Pathania" title="Shivya Pathania">Shivya Pathania</a> portrayed her in the 2019 series <i><a href="/wiki/Ram_Siya_Ke_Luv_Kush" title="Ram Siya Ke Luv Kush">Ram Siya Ke Luv Kush</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-188" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-188"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>188<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Aishwarya Ojha portrayed her in the 2021 web series <i>Ramyug</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-189" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-189"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>189<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prachi_Bansal" title="Prachi Bansal">Prachi Bansal</a> portrayed her in the 2024 series <i><a href="/wiki/Shrimad_Ramayan" title="Shrimad Ramayan">Shrimad Ramayan</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-190" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-190"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>190<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Vaibhavi Kapoor portrayed her in the 2024 series <i><a href="/wiki/Kakabhushundi_Ramayan-_Anasuni_Kathayein" title="Kakabhushundi Ramayan- Anasuni Kathayein">Kakabhushundi Ramayan- Anasuni Kathayein</a></i>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Plays">Plays</h4></div> <p>The following plays portrayed Sita's life in the theatre adaptation of <i>Ramayana</i>. </p> <ul><li>Sita is the central character in the 1955 play, <i>Bhoomikanya Sita</i>, written by <a href="/wiki/Bhargavaram_Viththal_Varerkar" title="Bhargavaram Viththal Varerkar">Bhargavaram Viththal Varerkar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Urmila_Bhoomi_191-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Urmila_Bhoomi-191"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>191<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Her life struggles were also portrayed in the "Sita-Rama episode" of the 2023 play, <i>Prem Ramayan</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-192" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-192"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>192<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Books">Books</h4></div> <p>The following novels talks about Sita's life. </p> <ul><li><i>In Search of Sita: Revisiting Mythology</i> by Namita Gokhale, published in 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-193" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-193"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>193<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Sita's Ramayana</i> by Samhita Arni and Moyna Chitrakar, published in 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-194" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-194"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>194<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Sita – An Illustrated Retelling of the Ramayana</i> by <a href="/wiki/Devdutt_Pattanaik" title="Devdutt Pattanaik">Devdutt Pattanaik</a>, published in 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-195" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-195"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>195<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Bhumika: A Story of Sita</i> by Aditya Iyengar, published in 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-196" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-196"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>196<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>The Forest of Enchantments</i> by Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni, published in 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-197" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-197"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>197<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Sita: A Tale of Ancient Love</i> by Bhanumathi Narasimhan, published in 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-198" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-198"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>198<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Sita: Warrior of Mithila</i> by <a href="/wiki/Amish_Tripathi" title="Amish Tripathi">Amish Tripathi</a>, published in 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-199" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-199"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>199<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Others">Others</h4></div> <ul><li>Shri Ram Janki Medical College and Hospital in <a href="/wiki/Samastipur" title="Samastipur">Samastipur</a>, Bihar.<sup id="cite_ref-200" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-200"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>200<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Aum_Om_red.svg/27px-Aum_Om_red.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Aum_Om_red.svg/41px-Aum_Om_red.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Aum_Om_red.svg/54px-Aum_Om_red.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="356" data-file-height="367" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Hinduism" title="Portal:Hinduism">Hinduism portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/32px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/48px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/64px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:India" title="Portal:India">India portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sita_Sings_the_Blues" title="Sita Sings the Blues">Sita Sings the Blues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thabaton" title="Thabaton">Thabaton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vivaha_Panchami" title="Vivaha Panchami">Vivah Panchami</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFDavid_R._Kinsley1988" class="citation book cs1">David R. Kinsley (19 July 1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HzldwMHeS6IC&dq=sita+mother+goddess&pg=PA256"><i>Hindu Goddesses Visions of the Divine Feminine in the Hindu Religious Tradition</i></a>. University of California Press. p. 78. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780520908833" title="Special:BookSources/9780520908833"><bdi>9780520908833</bdi></a>. <q>Tulsidas refers Sita as World's Mother And Ram as Father</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hindu+Goddesses+Visions+of+the+Divine+Feminine+in+the+Hindu+Religious+Tradition&rft.pages=78&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1988-07-19&rft.isbn=9780520908833&rft.au=David+R.+Kinsley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHzldwMHeS6IC%26dq%3Dsita%2Bmother%2Bgoddess%26pg%3DPA256&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASita" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKrishnan_Aravamudan2014" class="citation book cs1">Krishnan Aravamudan (22 September 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CJe9BAAAQBAJ&dq=sita+goddess+of+purity+mother+goddess&pg=PA213"><i>Pure Gems of Ramayanam</i></a>. PartridgeIndia. p. 213. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781482837209" title="Special:BookSources/9781482837209"><bdi>9781482837209</bdi></a>. <q>Sage Narada Refers to Sita As Mystic Goddess of Beauty</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pure+Gems+of+Ramayanam&rft.pages=213&rft.pub=PartridgeIndia&rft.date=2014-09-22&rft.isbn=9781482837209&rft.au=Krishnan+Aravamudan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCJe9BAAAQBAJ%26dq%3Dsita%2Bgoddess%2Bof%2Bpurity%2Bmother%2Bgoddess%26pg%3DPA213&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASita" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSally_Kempton2015" class="citation book cs1">Sally Kempton (13 July 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7O4mCgAAQBAJ&q=awakening+shakti"><i>Awakening Shakti</i></a>. Jaico Publishing House. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788184956191" title="Special:BookSources/9788184956191"><bdi>9788184956191</bdi></a>. <q>Sita Goddess of Devotion</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Awakening+Shakti&rft.pub=Jaico+Publishing+House&rft.date=2015-07-13&rft.isbn=9788184956191&rft.au=Sally+Kempton&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7O4mCgAAQBAJ%26q%3Dawakening%2Bshakti&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASita" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTattwananda1984" class="citation book cs1">Tattwananda, Swami (1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.128453"><i>Vaisnava Sects, Saiva Sects, Mother Worship</i></a> (1st revised ed.). 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Oxford University Press. p. 643. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0190633394" title="Special:BookSources/978-0190633394"><bdi>978-0190633394</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Rigveda+%E2%80%93%E2%80%93+Earliest+Religious+Poetry+of+India&rft.pages=643&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-0190633394&rft.au=Stephanie+Jamison&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1LTRDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASita" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pauwels2007-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Pauwels2007_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pauwels2007_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeidi_Rika_Maria_Pauwels2007" class="citation book cs1">Heidi Rika Maria Pauwels (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LiXU4ihgMpgC&pg=PA53"><i>Indian Literature and Popular Cinema: Recasting Classics</i></a>. 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Lucknow: Uttar Pradesh Hindi Sansthan. p. 612. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788193783948" title="Special:BookSources/9788193783948"><bdi>9788193783948</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hindu+Dharma+Kosha&rft.place=Lucknow&rft.pages=612&rft.edition=5th&rft.pub=Uttar+Pradesh+Hindi+Sansthan&rft.date=1970&rft.isbn=9788193783948&rft.aulast=Pandey&rft.aufirst=Dr.+Rajbali&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FToEI_hindu-dharma-kosha-edited-by-dr.-rajbali-pandey-hindi-samiti-prabhag-series-248-%2Fpage%2Fn627%2Fmode%2F1up%3Fq%3D%25E0%25A4%25B5%25E0%25A5%2588%25E0%25A4%25B7%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25A3%25E0%25A4%25B5%25E0%25A4%25AE%25E0%25A4%25A4%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25AC%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%259C%25E0%25A4%25AD%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25B8%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%2595%25E0%25A4%25B0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASita" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">M. 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Kale (ed, 1922), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/raghuvamsaofkali00kliduoft">The Raghuvamsa of Kalidasa: with the commentary (the Samjivani) of Mallinatha; Cantos I-X</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPauwels200812–15,_497–517-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPauwels200812–15,_497–517_70-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPauwels200812–15,_497–517_70-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPauwels200812–15,_497–517_70-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPauwels2008">Pauwels 2008</a>, pp. 12–15, 497–517.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> sfn error: no target: CITEREFPauwels2008 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVālmīki1990" class="citation book cs1">Vālmīki (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DWX43jnbOngC"><i>The Ramayana of Valmiki: Balakanda</i></a>. Translated by Robert P Goldman. Princeton University Press. p. 3. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4008-8455-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4008-8455-1"><bdi>978-1-4008-8455-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Ramayana+of+Valmiki%3A+Balakanda&rft.pages=3&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-1-4008-8455-1&rft.au=V%C4%81lm%C4%ABki&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDWX43jnbOngC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASita" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarijke_J._Klokke2000" class="citation book cs1">Marijke J. Klokke (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fx3mpR4uKmkC&pg=PA51"><i>Narrative Sculpture and Literary Traditions in South and Southeast Asia</i></a>. BRILL. pp. <span class="nowrap">51–</span>57. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/90-04-11865-9" title="Special:BookSources/90-04-11865-9"><bdi>90-04-11865-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Narrative+Sculpture+and+Literary+Traditions+in+South+and+Southeast+Asia&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E51-%3C%2Fspan%3E57&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=90-04-11865-9&rft.au=Marijke+J.+Klokke&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dfx3mpR4uKmkC%26pg%3DPA51&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASita" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDimock1963106–127-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDimock1963106–127_73-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDimock1963">Dimock 1963</a>, pp. 106–127.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBhandarkar2019" class="citation book cs1">Bhandarkar, R. G. (20 May 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9783111551975/html"><i>Vaisnavism, Saivism and minor religious systems</i></a>. De Gruyter. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1515%2F9783111551975">10.1515/9783111551975</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-11-155197-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-11-155197-5"><bdi>978-3-11-155197-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Vaisnavism%2C+Saivism+and+minor+religious+systems&rft.pub=De+Gruyter&rft.date=2019-05-20&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1515%2F9783111551975&rft.isbn=978-3-11-155197-5&rft.aulast=Bhandarkar&rft.aufirst=R.+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.degruyter.com%2Fdocument%2Fdoi%2F10.1515%2F9783111551975%2Fhtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASita" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hindi.news18.com/news/knowledge/stories-of-sita-which-you-only-find-in-mahakavi-pandit-lal-das-janaki-ramayana-1575637.html">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'जानकी रामायण', ऐसी रामायण जो राम पर नहीं सीता पर आधारित है"</a> (in Hindi). News18 हिंदी. 7 November 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%27%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80+%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A3%27%2C+%E0%A4%90%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80+%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A3+%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8B+%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE+%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0+%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%82+%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE+%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0+%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4+%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%88&rft.pub=News18+%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80&rft.date=2018-11-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhindi.news18.com%2Fnews%2Fknowledge%2Fstories-of-sita-which-you-only-find-in-mahakavi-pandit-lal-das-janaki-ramayana-1575637.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASita" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFलालदास1980" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">लालदास (1980). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=b8YGAAAAMAAJ"><i>जानकी-रामायण: प्रबन्ध-काव्य</i></a> (in Hindi). Maithilī Akādamī.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80-%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A3%3A+%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7-%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF&rft.pub=Maithil%C4%AB+Ak%C4%81dam%C4%AB&rft.date=1980&rft.au=%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Db8YGAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASita" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scroll.in/article/725361/five-other-ramayanas-sita-as-kali-lakshman-as-ravanas-slayer-and-more">"Five other Ramayanas: Sita as Kali, Lakshman as Ravana's slayer and more"</a>. 6 May 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 September</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Five+other+Ramayanas%3A+Sita+as+Kali%2C+Lakshman+as+Ravana%27s+slayer+and+more&rft.date=2015-05-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fscroll.in%2Farticle%2F725361%2Ffive-other-ramayanas-sita-as-kali-lakshman-as-ravanas-slayer-and-more&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASita" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrierson1926" class="citation journal cs1">Grierson, Sir George (1926). "On the Adbhuta-Ramayana". <i>Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies</i>. <b>4</b> (<span class="nowrap">11–</span>27): <span class="nowrap">11–</span>27. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0041977X0010254X">10.1017/S0041977X0010254X</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+the+School+of+Oriental+and+African+Studies&rft.atitle=On+the+Adbhuta-Ramayana&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E11%E2%80%93%3C%2Fspan%3E27&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E11-%3C%2Fspan%3E27&rft.date=1926&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0041977X0010254X&rft.aulast=Grierson&rft.aufirst=Sir+George&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASita" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMirashi1996" class="citation book cs1">Mirashi, V. V. (1996). "The Mahavira-charita". <i>Bhavabhūti</i>. Motilal Banarsidass Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/81-208-1180-1" title="Special:BookSources/81-208-1180-1"><bdi>81-208-1180-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Mahavira-charita&rft.btitle=Bhavabh%C5%ABti&rft.pub=Motilal+Banarsidass+Publishers&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=81-208-1180-1&rft.aulast=Mirashi&rft.aufirst=V.+V.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASita" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKandali" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Kandali, Madhava. <i>সপ্চকাণ্ড ৰামায়ন</i> [<i>Saptakanda Ramayana</i>] (in Assamese). Banalata.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A3%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1+%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%A8&rft.pub=Banalata&rft.aulast=Kandali&rft.aufirst=Madhava&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASita" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Madhubani_Painting-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Madhubani_Painting_81-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Madhubani_Painting_81-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UvuJyvtsCjwC&q=madhubani+art+madhubani+district&pg=PA96"><i>Madhubani Painting</i></a>. Abhinav Publications. 30 September 2017. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788170171560" title="Special:BookSources/9788170171560"><bdi>9788170171560</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170221110108/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=UvuJyvtsCjwC&pg=PA96&dq=madhubani+art+madhubani+district&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj8kJ761p_SAhUrIsAKHb2ZDfYQ6AEIIzAC#v=onepage&q=madhubani+art+madhubani+district&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 21 February 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Madhubani+Painting&rft.pub=Abhinav+Publications&rft.date=2017-09-30&rft.isbn=9788170171560&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUvuJyvtsCjwC%26q%3Dmadhubani%2Bart%2Bmadhubani%2Bdistrict%26pg%3DPA96&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASita" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFT._A._Gopinatha_Rao1993" class="citation book cs1">T. A. Gopinatha Rao (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MJD-KresBwIC"><i>Elements of Hindu iconography</i></a>. Motilal Banarsidass. pp. <span class="nowrap">189–</span>195. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-208-0878-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-208-0878-2"><bdi>978-81-208-0878-2</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231111033003/https://books.google.com/books?id=MJD-KresBwIC">Archived</a> from the original on 11 November 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 April</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Elements+of+Hindu+iconography&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E189-%3C%2Fspan%3E195&rft.pub=Motilal+Banarsidass&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-81-208-0878-2&rft.au=T.+A.+Gopinatha+Rao&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMJD-KresBwIC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASita" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMohan2018" class="citation journal cs1">Mohan, Urmila (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://brill.com/view/journals/rpra/rpra-overview.xml">"Clothing as devotion in Contemporary Hinduism"</a>. <i>Brill Research Perspectives in Religion and Art</i>. <b>2</b> (4): <span class="nowrap">1–</span>82. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F24688878-12340006">10.1163/24688878-12340006</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:202530099">202530099</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Brill+Research+Perspectives+in+Religion+and+Art&rft.atitle=Clothing+as+devotion+in+Contemporary+Hinduism&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1-%3C%2Fspan%3E82&rft.date=2018&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F24688878-12340006&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A202530099%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Mohan&rft.aufirst=Urmila&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbrill.com%2Fview%2Fjournals%2Frpra%2Frpra-overview.xml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASita" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWarrier196785–95-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWarrier196785–95_84-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWarrier196785–95_84-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWarrier196785–95_84-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWarrier196785–95_84-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWarrier1967">Warrier 1967</a>, pp. 85–95.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHattangadi2000-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHattangadi2000_85-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHattangadi2000">Hattangadi 2000</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.valmikiramayan.net/aranya/sarga46/aranya_46_prose.htm">"Valmiki Ramayana – Aranya Kanda in Prose Sarga 46"</a>. <i>Valmiki's Ramayana</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Valmiki%27s+Ramayana&rft.atitle=Valmiki+Ramayana+%E2%80%93+Aranya+Kanda+in+Prose+Sarga+46&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.valmikiramayan.net%2Faranya%2Fsarga46%2Faranya_46_prose.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASita" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gandhisk113-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-gandhisk113_87-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">R Gandhi (1992), Sita's Kitchen, State University of New York Press, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0791411537" title="Special:BookSources/978-0791411537">978-0791411537</a>, page 113 with note 35</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDeussen1997" class="citation book cs1">Deussen, Paul (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XYepeIGUY0gC&pg=PA556"><i>Sixty Upanishads of the Veda</i></a>. Motilal Banarsidass. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-208-1467-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-208-1467-7"><bdi>978-81-208-1467-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sixty+Upanishads+of+the+Veda&rft.pub=Motilal+Banarsidass&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-81-208-1467-7&rft.aulast=Deussen&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXYepeIGUY0gC%26pg%3DPA556&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASita" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Shimkhada, D. and P.K. Herman (2009). <i>The Constant and Changing Faces of the Goddess: Goddess Traditions of Asia.</i> Cambridge Scholars, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4438-1134-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4438-1134-7">978-1-4438-1134-7</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210813153411/https://www.en.encyclopediaofjainism.com/index.php/Jain_Ramayana">"Jain Ramayana"</a>. <i>en.encyclopediaofjainism.com</i>. 21 September 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.en.encyclopediaofjainism.com/index.php/Jain_Ramayana">the original</a> on 13 August 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 August</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=en.encyclopediaofjainism.com&rft.atitle=Jain+Ramayana&rft.date=2014-09-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.en.encyclopediaofjainism.com%2Findex.php%2FJain_Ramayana&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASita" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIyengar2005" class="citation book cs1">Iyengar, Kodaganallur Ramaswami Srinivasa (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CU92nFk5fU4C"><i>Asian Variations in Ramayana</i></a>. Sahitya Akademi. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-260-1809-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-260-1809-3"><bdi>978-81-260-1809-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Asian+Variations+in+Ramayana&rft.pub=Sahitya+Akademi&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-81-260-1809-3&rft.aulast=Iyengar&rft.aufirst=Kodaganallur+Ramaswami+Srinivasa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCU92nFk5fU4C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASita" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sacred-texts.com/bud/j4/j4025.htm">"The Jataka, Vol. IV: No. 461.: Dasaratha-Jātaka"</a>. <i>sacred-texts.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=sacred-texts.com&rft.atitle=The+Jataka%2C+Vol.+IV%3A+No.+461.%3A+Dasaratha-J%C4%81taka.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sacred-texts.com%2Fbud%2Fj4%2Fj4025.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASita" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thejatakatales.com/dasaratha-jataka-461/">"Dasaratha Jataka (#461)"</a>. <i>The Jataka Tales</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Jataka+Tales&rft.atitle=Dasaratha+Jataka+%28%23461%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthejatakatales.com%2Fdasaratha-jataka-461%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASita" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDhar" class="citation web cs1">Dhar, Aarttee Kaul. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/11877534">"Ramayana and Sita in Films and Popular Media:The Repositioning of a Globalised Version"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ramayana+and+Sita+in+Films+and+Popular+Media%3AThe+Repositioning+of+a+Globalised+Version&rft.aulast=Dhar&rft.aufirst=Aarttee+Kaul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F11877534&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASita" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArun2000" class="citation book cs1">Arun, Rajendra (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EuTZDAAAQBAJ&q=assessment+of+sita+character+in+ramayana"><i>Sita: The Divine Mother</i></a>. Ocean Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788187100492" title="Special:BookSources/9788187100492"><bdi>9788187100492</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sita%3A+The+Divine+Mother&rft.pub=Ocean+Books&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=9788187100492&rft.aulast=Arun&rft.aufirst=Rajendra&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DEuTZDAAAQBAJ%26q%3Dassessment%2Bof%2Bsita%2Bcharacter%2Bin%2Bramayana&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASita" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090101221413/http://www.sitayanam.com/">"Sitayanam…"</a>. <i>sitayanam.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sitayanam.com/">the original</a> on 1 January 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=sitayanam.com&rft.atitle=Sitayanam%E2%80%A6&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sitayanam.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASita" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMukherjee1999" class="citation book cs1">Mukherjee, Prabhati (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6ovdvq7mjpUC&q=Hindu+Women%3A+Normative+Models.+Calcutta%3A+Orient+Blackswan"><i>Hindu Women: Normative Models</i></a>. Calcutta: Orient Blackswan. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/81-250-1699-6" title="Special:BookSources/81-250-1699-6"><bdi>81-250-1699-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hindu+Women%3A+Normative+Models&rft.place=Calcutta&rft.pub=Orient+Blackswan&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=81-250-1699-6&rft.aulast=Mukherjee&rft.aufirst=Prabhati&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6ovdvq7mjpUC%26q%3DHindu%2BWomen%253A%2BNormative%2BModels.%2BCalcutta%253A%2BOrient%2BBlackswan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASita" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Goddess_of_Ploughshare-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Goddess_of_Ploughshare_98-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuruge1991" class="citation book cs1">Guruge, Ananda W. P. (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WWlsWQ8foNgC&pg=PR10"><i>The Society of the Ramayana</i></a>. Abhinav Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788170172659" title="Special:BookSources/9788170172659"><bdi>9788170172659</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Society+of+the+Ramayana&rft.pub=Abhinav+Publications&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=9788170172659&rft.aulast=Guruge&rft.aufirst=Ananda+W.+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWWlsWQ8foNgC%26pg%3DPR10&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASita" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sita_assessment-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sita_assessment_99-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sita_assessment_99-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.indiatoday.in/amp/sunday-special/story/ayodhya-ram-mandir-pran-pratishtha-sita-ram-lord-shri-ram-janmabhoomi-ram-lalla-consecration-janaki-janmabhoomi-2491435-2024-01-21">"Revisiting Sita of Shri Ram: The equal partner"</a>. <i>India Today</i>. 22 January 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240131053718/https://www.indiatoday.in/amp/sunday-special/story/ayodhya-ram-mandir-pran-pratishtha-sita-ram-lord-shri-ram-janmabhoomi-ram-lalla-consecration-janaki-janmabhoomi-2491435-2024-01-21">Archived</a> from the original on 31 January 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 February</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=India+Today&rft.atitle=Revisiting+Sita+of+Shri+Ram%3A+The+equal+partner&rft.date=2024-01-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.indiatoday.in%2Famp%2Fsunday-special%2Fstory%2Fayodhya-ram-mandir-pran-pratishtha-sita-ram-lord-shri-ram-janmabhoomi-ram-lalla-consecration-janaki-janmabhoomi-2491435-2024-01-21&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASita" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.infinityfoundation.com/mandala/s_es/s_es_bharg_sita_frameset.htm">"Contemporary Influence of Sita – Anju P. Bhargava"</a>. <i>Infinity Foundation</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Info Kerala Communications Pvt Ltd. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-929470-1-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-929470-1-3"><bdi>978-81-929470-1-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pilgrimage+to+Temple+Heritage+2015&rft.pub=Info+Kerala+Communications+Pvt+Ltd&rft.date=2015-08-01&rft.isbn=978-81-929470-1-3&rft.aulast=Ltd&rft.aufirst=Infokerala+Communications+Pvt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D33E3DgAAQBAJ%26q%3DKuppathode%26pg%3DPA387&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASita" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/india-sends-holy-sarayu-water-to-sri-lanka-for-consecration-ceremony-of-seetha-amma-temple/article68117495.ece/amp/">"India sends holy Sarayu water to Sri Lanka for consecration ceremony of Seetha Amma temple"</a>. <i>The Hindu</i>. 28 April 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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SUNY Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7914-6708-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7914-6708-4"><bdi>978-0-7914-6708-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dealing+with+Deities%3A+The+Ritual+Vow+in+South+Asia&rft.pub=SUNY+Press&rft.date=2006-01-01&rft.isbn=978-0-7914-6708-4&rft.aulast=Raj&rft.aufirst=Selva+J.&rft.au=Harman%2C+William+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOv2oltTLinkC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASita" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLarson1995" class="citation book cs1">Larson, Gerald James (16 February 1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=g6jmckIUHMAC"><i>India's Agony Over Religion: Confronting Diversity in Teacher Education</i></a>. SUNY Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7914-2412-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7914-2412-4"><bdi>978-0-7914-2412-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240131062746/https://books.google.com.bd/books?id=g6jmckIUHMAC&redir_esc=y">Archived</a> from the original on 31 January 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=India%27s+Agony+Over+Religion%3A+Confronting+Diversity+in+Teacher+Education&rft.pub=SUNY+Press&rft.date=1995-02-16&rft.isbn=978-0-7914-2412-4&rft.aulast=Larson&rft.aufirst=Gerald+James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dg6jmckIUHMAC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASita" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLorenzen1999" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_Lorenzen" title="David Lorenzen">Lorenzen, David N.</a> (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SO-YmMWpcVEC">"Who Invented Hinduism?"</a>. <i>Comparative Studies in Society and History</i>. <b>41</b> (4): <span class="nowrap">630–</span>659. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0010417599003084">10.1017/S0010417599003084</a> (inactive 1 November 2024). <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788190227261" title="Special:BookSources/9788190227261"><bdi>9788190227261</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0010-4175">0010-4175</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/179424">179424</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:247327484">247327484</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231223185737/https://books.google.com/books?id=SO-YmMWpcVEC">Archived</a> from the original on 23 December 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 March</span> 2021</span> – via Book.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Comparative+Studies+in+Society+and+History&rft.atitle=Who+Invented+Hinduism%3F&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E630-%3C%2Fspan%3E659&rft.date=1999&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A247327484%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0010417599003084&rft.issn=0010-4175&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F179424%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.isbn=9788190227261&rft.aulast=Lorenzen&rft.aufirst=David+N.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSO-YmMWpcVEC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASita" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024 (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_DOI_inactive_as_of_November_2024" title="Category:CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTattwananda1984" class="citation book cs1">Tattwananda, Swami (1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.128453"><i>Vaisnava Sects, Saiva Sects, Mother Worship</i></a> (1st revised ed.). Calcutta: Firma KLM Private Ltd. p. 68.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Vaisnava+Sects%2C+Saiva+Sects%2C+Mother+Worship&rft.place=Calcutta&rft.pages=68&rft.edition=1st+revised&rft.pub=Firma+KLM+Private+Ltd.&rft.date=1984&rft.aulast=Tattwananda&rft.aufirst=Swami&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fin.ernet.dli.2015.128453&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASita" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMahadevan1975239–240-117"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMahadevan1975239–240_117-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMahadevan1975">Mahadevan 1975</a>, pp. 239–240.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-vrrao21-118"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-vrrao21_118-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">VR Rao (1987), Selected Doctrines from Indian Philosophy, South Asia Books, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-8170990000" title="Special:BookSources/978-8170990000">978-8170990000</a>, page 21</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJohnsen200255-119"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJohnsen200255_119-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJohnsen2002">Johnsen 2002</a>, p. 55.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENair2008581-120"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENair2008581_120-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNair2008">Nair 2008</a>, p. 581.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.coursera.org/lecture/india/6-1-many-ramayanas-text-and-tradition-KpEhe">"6.1 Many Ramayanas: text and tradition – The Ramayan"</a>. <i>Coursera</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Coursera&rft.atitle=6.1+Many+Ramayanas%3A+text+and+tradition+%E2%80%93+The+Ramayan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.coursera.org%2Flecture%2Findia%2F6-1-many-ramayanas-text-and-tradition-KpEhe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASita" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNagar2006" class="citation book cs1">Nagar, Shantilal (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.parimalpublication.com"><i>Ananda Ramayana</i></a>. Delhi, India: Parimal Publications. p. 946. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/81-7110-282-4" title="Special:BookSources/81-7110-282-4"><bdi>81-7110-282-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ananda+Ramayana&rft.place=Delhi%2C+India&rft.pages=946&rft.pub=Parimal+Publications&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=81-7110-282-4&rft.aulast=Nagar&rft.aufirst=Shantilal&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.parimalpublication.com&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASita" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061128130205/http://www.abhyuday.org/vp/index2.html">"Vinay Patrika website, Kashi Hindu Vishwavidhyalaya"</a>. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/jPZX_janaki-mangal-of-tulsidas-gita-press/mode/1up">the original</a> on 28 November 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 September</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tulsidas%27s+Janaki+Mangal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FjPZX_janaki-mangal-of-tulsidas-gita-press%2Fmode%2F1up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASita" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/astrology/others/sita-navami-2024-plant-parijat-for-happiness-and-prosperity/articleshow/109722562.cms">"Sita Navami 2024: Plant Parijat for happiness and prosperity"</a>. <i>The Times of India</i>. 30 April 2024. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0971-8257">0971-8257</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=Sita+Navami+2024%3A+Plant+Parijat+for+happiness+and+prosperity&rft.date=2024-04-30&rft.issn=0971-8257&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Fastrology%2Fothers%2Fsita-navami-2024-plant-parijat-for-happiness-and-prosperity%2Farticleshow%2F109722562.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASita" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/new-updates/sita-navami-2023-date-history-significance-and-all-you-need-to-know/articleshow/99841620.cms?from=mdr">"Sita Navami 2023: Date, history, significance and all you need to know"</a>. <i>The Economic Times</i>. 28 April 2023. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0013-0389">0013-0389</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economic+Times&rft.atitle=Sita+Navami+2023%3A+Date%2C+history%2C+significance+and+all+you+need+to+know&rft.date=2023-04-28&rft.issn=0013-0389&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feconomictimes.indiatimes.com%2Fnews%2Fnew-updates%2Fsita-navami-2023-date-history-significance-and-all-you-need-to-know%2Farticleshow%2F99841620.cms%3Ffrom%3Dmdr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASita" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hindustantimes.com/lifestyle/festivals/sita-navami-2024-date-history-rituals-significance-celebration-and-all-that-you-need-to-know-101715770560717-amp.html">"Sita Navami 2024: Date, history, rituals, significance, celebration and all that you need to know"</a>. <i>Hindustan Times</i>. 15 May 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hindustan+Times&rft.atitle=Sita+Navami+2024%3A+Date%2C+history%2C+rituals%2C+significance%2C+celebration+and+all+that+you+need+to+know&rft.date=2024-05-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindustantimes.com%2Flifestyle%2Ffestivals%2Fsita-navami-2024-date-history-rituals-significance-celebration-and-all-that-you-need-to-know-101715770560717-amp.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASita" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.livehindustan.com/astrology/story-sita-navami-2024-date-time-puja-vidhi-shubh-muhrat-importance-significance-9872731.html">"Sita Navami 2024 : सीता नवमी कब है? नोट कर लें डेट, पूजा- विधि, शुभ मुहूर्त और महत्व"</a>. <i>Hindustan</i> (in Hindi)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hindustan&rft.atitle=Sita+Navami+2024+%3A+%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE+%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%80+%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AC+%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%88%3F+%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9F+%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0+%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82+%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F%2C+%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE-+%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BF%2C+%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AD+%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4+%E0%A4%94%E0%A4%B0+%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.livehindustan.com%2Fastrology%2Fstory-sita-navami-2024-date-time-puja-vidhi-shubh-muhrat-importance-significance-9872731.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASita" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ABP-129"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ABP_129-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.abplive.com/astro/vivah-panchami17-december-2023-shubh-muhurat-rama-sita-puja-vidhi-mantra-niyam-time-significance-1650575">"Vivah Panchami 2023: Date, Time, Significance And All You Need To Know"</a>. <i>ABP Live</i>. 17 December 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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(1857). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EZpeAAAAcAAJ&dq=%22%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%22&pg=PA308"><i>A Dictionary English and Maráthí ... commenced by J. T. Molesworth ... completed by T. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Daily+News+and+Analysis&rft.atitle=More+than+25+lakh+devotees+take+second+Shahi+Snan+at+Nashik+Kumbh+Mela&rft.date=2015-09-14&rft.aulast=Balajiwale&rft.aufirst=Vaishali&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dnaindia.com%2Findia%2Freport-more-than-25-lakh-devotees-take-second-shahi-snan-at-nashik-kumbh-mela-2124987&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASita" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBreman1999-174"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBreman1999_174-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBreman1999">Breman 1999</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-175"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-175">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hindustantimes.com/books/this-is-sita-s-story-where-ram-is-just-a-character-amish-tripathi/story-085gTWVmzA29ieSdFRz1aP.html">"This is Sita's story, where Ram is just a character: Amish Tripathi"</a>. <i>Hindustan Times</i>. 19 May 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Duke University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8223-2390-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8223-2390-7"><bdi>978-0-8223-2390-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Screening+Culture%2C+Viewing+Politics%3A+An+Ethnography+of+Television%2C+Womanhood%2C+and+Nation+in+Postcolonial+India&rft.pub=Duke+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-8223-2390-7&rft.aulast=Mankekar&rft.aufirst=Purnima&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfZf8wmVdpaIC%26q%3Dramayana%2Bin%2Bserial%26pg%3DPA165&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASita" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-177"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-177">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVijayakumar2014" class="citation news cs1">Vijayakumar, B. 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London. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2008/aug/23/art.ramayana">the original</a> on 2 September 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 February</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=All+Indian+life+is+here&rft.date=2008-08-23&rft.aulast=Dalrymple&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fartanddesign%2F2008%2Faug%2F23%2Fart.ramayana&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASita" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-185"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-185">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.metacritic.com/movie/sita-sings-the-blues">"Sita Sings the Blues reviews"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Metacritic" title="Metacritic">Metacritic</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200621085709/https://www.metacritic.com/movie/sita-sings-the-blues">Archived</a> from the original on 21 June 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 July</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sita+Sings+the+Blues+reviews&rft.pub=Metacritic&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.metacritic.com%2Fmovie%2Fsita-sings-the-blues&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASita" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-186"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-186">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBhattacharyya2013" class="citation news cs1">Bhattacharyya, Anushree (27 August 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210109095117/https://www.financialexpress.com/archive/an-epic-battle/1160681/">"An epic battle"</a>. <i>The Financial Express</i>. India. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.financialexpress.com/archive/an-epic-battle/1160681/">the original</a> on 9 January 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Financial+Express&rft.atitle=An+epic+battle&rft.date=2013-08-27&rft.aulast=Bhattacharyya&rft.aufirst=Anushree&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.financialexpress.com%2Farchive%2Fan-epic-battle%2F1160681%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASita" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-187"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-187">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/television/080616/i-ve-gained-a-new-perspective-on-sita-madirakshi-mundle.html">"I've gained a new perspective on Sita: Madirakshi Mundle"</a>. <i>Deccan Chronicle</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pinkvilla.com/node/">the original</a> on 3 December 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PINKVILLA&rft.atitle=Ram+Siya+Ke+Luv+Kush&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pinkvilla.com%2Fnode%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASita" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-189"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-189">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/ramyug-first-impression-kunal-kohli-mx-player-7303122">"Ramyug first impression: Kunal Kohli's retelling of Lord Ram's story misses the mark"</a>. <i>The Indian Express</i>. 6 May 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Indian+Express&rft.atitle=Ramyug+first+impression%3A+Kunal+Kohli%27s+retelling+of+Lord+Ram%27s+story+misses+the+mark&rft.date=2021-05-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Findianexpress.com%2Farticle%2Fentertainment%2Fweb-series%2Framyug-first-impression-kunal-kohli-mx-player-7303122&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASita" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-190"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-190">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/amp/news/bollywood/shrimad-ramayan-promo-prachi-bansal-introduced-sita-new-sony-entertainment-television-show/">"Shrimad Ramayan Promo: Prachi Bansal introduced as Sita in the new Sony Entertainment Television show"</a>. <i>Bollywood Hungama</i>. 8 December 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bollywood+Hungama&rft.atitle=Shrimad+Ramayan+Promo%3A+Prachi+Bansal+introduced+as+Sita+in+the+new+Sony+Entertainment+Television+show&rft.date=2023-12-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bollywoodhungama.com%2Famp%2Fnews%2Fbollywood%2Fshrimad-ramayan-promo-prachi-bansal-introduced-sita-new-sony-entertainment-television-show%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASita" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Urmila_Bhoomi-191"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Urmila_Bhoomi_191-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShanta_Gokhale" class="citation web cs1">Shanta Gokhale. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/opinion/columnists/shanta-gokhale/what-about-urmila/articleshow/46532183.cms">"What about Urmila?"</a>. <i>Mumbai Mirror</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mumbai+Mirror&rft.atitle=What+about+Urmila%3F&rft.au=Shanta+Gokhale&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmumbaimirror.indiatimes.com%2Fopinion%2Fcolumnists%2Fshanta-gokhale%2Fwhat-about-urmila%2Farticleshow%2F46532183.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASita" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-192"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-192">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/lucknow-news/full-house-and-constant-applause-for-atul-satya-koushik-s-play-prem-ramayan-depicting-five-love-stories-and-sacrifices-by-women-101684519851768.html">"Darpan theatre festival: Tales of epic love, sacrifice draw applause"</a>. <i>Hindustan Times</i>. 19 May 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hindustan+Times&rft.atitle=Darpan+theatre+festival%3A+Tales+of+epic+love%2C+sacrifice+draw+applause&rft.date=2023-05-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindustantimes.com%2Fcities%2Flucknow-news%2Ffull-house-and-constant-applause-for-atul-satya-koushik-s-play-prem-ramayan-depicting-five-love-stories-and-sacrifices-by-women-101684519851768.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASita" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-193"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-193">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGokhale2009" class="citation book cs1">Gokhale, Namita (15 October 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YTknAgAAQBAJ"><i>In Search of Sita: Revisiting Mythology</i></a>. Penguin Books Limited. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789354922305" title="Special:BookSources/9789354922305"><bdi>9789354922305</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=In+Search+of+Sita%3A+Revisiting+Mythology&rft.pub=Penguin+Books+Limited&rft.date=2009-10-15&rft.isbn=9789354922305&rft.aulast=Gokhale&rft.aufirst=Namita&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYTknAgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASita" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-194"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-194">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArniChitrakar2011" class="citation book cs1">Arni, Samhita; Chitrakar, Moyna (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PQ1bngEACAAJ"><i>Sita's Ramayana</i></a>. Groundwood Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781554981458" title="Special:BookSources/9781554981458"><bdi>9781554981458</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sita%27s+Ramayana&rft.pub=Groundwood+Books&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9781554981458&rft.aulast=Arni&rft.aufirst=Samhita&rft.au=Chitrakar%2C+Moyna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPQ1bngEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASita" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-195"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-195">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPattanaik2013" class="citation book cs1">Pattanaik, Devdutt (20 October 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ishAEAAAQBAJ"><i>Sita: A Tale of Ancient Love</i></a>. Penguin Random House India Private Limited. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789351184201" title="Special:BookSources/9789351184201"><bdi>9789351184201</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sita%3A+A+Tale+of+Ancient+Love&rft.pub=Penguin+Random+House+India+Private+Limited&rft.date=2013-10-20&rft.isbn=9789351184201&rft.aulast=Pattanaik&rft.aufirst=Devdutt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DishAEAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASita" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-196"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-196">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIyengar2019" class="citation book cs1">Iyengar, Aditya (25 July 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fB2dDwAAQBAJ"><i>Bhumika: A Story of Sita</i></a>. Hachette India. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789388322362" title="Special:BookSources/9789388322362"><bdi>9789388322362</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bhumika%3A+A+Story+of+Sita&rft.pub=Hachette+India&rft.date=2019-07-25&rft.isbn=9789388322362&rft.aulast=Iyengar&rft.aufirst=Aditya&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfB2dDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASita" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-197"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-197">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBanerjee_Divakaruni2019" class="citation book cs1">Banerjee Divakaruni, Chitra (7 January 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gx98DwAAQBAJ"><i>The Forest of Enchantments</i></a>. HarperCollins Publishers India. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789353025991" title="Special:BookSources/9789353025991"><bdi>9789353025991</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Forest+of+Enchantments&rft.pub=HarperCollins+Publishers+India&rft.date=2019-01-07&rft.isbn=9789353025991&rft.aulast=Banerjee+Divakaruni&rft.aufirst=Chitra&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dgx98DwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASita" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-198"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-198">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNarasimhan2021" class="citation book cs1">Narasimhan, Bhanumathi (15 October 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EUoiAQAAQBAJ"><i>Sita: A Tale of Ancient Love</i></a>. Penguin Random House India Private Limited. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789354922305" title="Special:BookSources/9789354922305"><bdi>9789354922305</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sita%3A+A+Tale+of+Ancient+Love&rft.pub=Penguin+Random+House+India+Private+Limited&rft.date=2021-10-15&rft.isbn=9789354922305&rft.aulast=Narasimhan&rft.aufirst=Bhanumathi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DEUoiAQAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASita" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-199"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-199">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTripathi2022" class="citation book cs1">Tripathi, Amish (25 July 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CRl9EAAAQBAJ"><i>Sita: Warrior of Mithila</i></a>. HarperCollins India. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789356290945" title="Special:BookSources/9789356290945"><bdi>9789356290945</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sita%3A+Warrior+of+Mithila&rft.pub=HarperCollins+India&rft.date=2022-07-25&rft.isbn=9789356290945&rft.aulast=Tripathi&rft.aufirst=Amish&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCRl9EAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASita" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-200"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-200">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBhelari2024" class="citation news cs1">Bhelari, Amit (21 January 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/nitish-dedicates-500-bed-hospital-named-after-lord-ram-and-goddess-sita/article67762411.ece/amp/">"Nitish dedicates 500-bed hospital named after Lord Ram and goddess Sita"</a>. <i>The Hindu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=Nitish+dedicates+500-bed+hospital+named+after+Lord+Ram+and+goddess+Sita&rft.date=2024-01-21&rft.aulast=Bhelari&rft.aufirst=Amit&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Fnews%2Fnational%2Fother-states%2Fnitish-dedicates-500-bed-hospital-named-after-lord-ram-and-goddess-sita%2Farticle67762411.ece%2Famp%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASita" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDimock1963" class="citation journal cs1">Dimock, Jr, E.C. (1963). "Doctrine and Practice among the Vaisnavas of Bengal". <i>History of Religions</i>. <b>3</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">106–</span>127. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F462474">10.1086/462474</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1062079">1062079</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:162027021">162027021</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=History+of+Religions&rft.atitle=Doctrine+and+Practice+among+the+Vaisnavas+of+Bengal&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E106-%3C%2Fspan%3E127&rft.date=1963&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A162027021%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1062079%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F462474&rft.aulast=Dimock&rft.aufirst=Jr%2C+E.C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASita" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPrasoon2008" class="citation book cs1">Prasoon, Prof.S.K. (1 January 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PvmAwVXPKbQC&pg=PT85"><i>Indian Scriptures</i></a>. Pustak Mahal. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-223-1007-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-223-1007-8"><bdi>978-81-223-1007-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Indian+Scriptures&rft.pub=Pustak+Mahal&rft.date=2008-01-01&rft.isbn=978-81-223-1007-8&rft.aulast=Prasoon&rft.aufirst=Prof.S.K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPvmAwVXPKbQC%26pg%3DPT85&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASita" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTinoco1996" class="citation book cs1">Tinoco, Carlos Alberto (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7xoNEM63hZEC&pg=PA88"><i>Upanishads</i></a>. IBRASA. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-85-348-0040-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-85-348-0040-2"><bdi>978-85-348-0040-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Upanishads&rft.pub=IBRASA&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-85-348-0040-2&rft.aulast=Tinoco&rft.aufirst=Carlos+Alberto&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7xoNEM63hZEC%26pg%3DPA88&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASita" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref_duplicates_default" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref duplicates default">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMahadevan1975" class="citation book cs1">Mahadevan, T. M. P. (1975). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yluXuM5NuUIC&pg=PA239"><i>Upaniṣads: Selections from 108 Upaniṣads</i></a>. Motilal Banarsidass. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-208-1611-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-208-1611-4"><bdi>978-81-208-1611-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Upani%E1%B9%A3ads%3A+Selections+from+108+Upani%E1%B9%A3ads&rft.pub=Motilal+Banarsidass&rft.date=1975&rft.isbn=978-81-208-1611-4&rft.aulast=Mahadevan&rft.aufirst=T.+M.+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DyluXuM5NuUIC%26pg%3DPA239&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASita" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJames_G._Lochtefeld2002" class="citation book cs1">Lochtefeld, James G. (2002). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/illustratedencyc0000loch"><i>The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism: N-Z</i></a></span>. The Rosen Publishing Group. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8239-3180-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8239-3180-4"><bdi>978-0-8239-3180-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Illustrated+Encyclopedia+of+Hinduism%3A+N-Z&rft.pub=The+Rosen+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-8239-3180-4&rft.aulast=Lochtefeld&rft.aufirst=James+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fillustratedencyc0000loch&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASita" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <p><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBéteilleGuhaParry1999" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Andre_Beteille" class="mw-redirect" title="Andre Beteille">Béteille, André</a>; <a href="/wiki/Ramachandra_Guha" title="Ramachandra Guha">Guha, Ramachandra</a>; <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Parry" title="Jonathan Parry">Parry, Jonathan P.</a>, eds. (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YzTuAAAAIAAJ"><i>Institutions and Inequalities: Essays in Honour of André Béteille</i></a>. New Delhi: <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-565081-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-565081-6"><bdi>0-19-565081-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/43419618">43419618</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Institutions+and+Inequalities%3A+Essays+in+Honour+of+Andr%C3%A9+B%C3%A9teille&rft.place=New+Delhi&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F43419618&rft.isbn=0-19-565081-6&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYzTuAAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASita" class="Z3988"></span> </p> <ul><li><ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><span id="CITEREFBreman1999" class="citation"><a href="/wiki/Jan_Breman" title="Jan Breman">Breman, Jan</a>. "Ghettoization and Communal Politics: The Dynamics of Inclusion and Exclusion in the Hindutva Landscape". In <a href="#CITEREFBéteilleGuhaParry1999">Béteille, Guha & Parry (1999)</a>.</span></li></ul></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRichman1991" class="citation book cs1">Richman, Paula (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XkifYfljHP4C"><i>Many Rāmāyaṇas: The Diversity of a Narrative Tradition in South Asia</i></a>. University of California Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-07589-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-520-07589-4"><bdi>978-0-520-07589-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Many+R%C4%81m%C4%81ya%E1%B9%87as%3A+The+Diversity+of+a+Narrative+Tradition+in+South+Asia&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-0-520-07589-4&rft.aulast=Richman&rft.aufirst=Paula&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXkifYfljHP4C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASita" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWarrier1967" class="citation book cs1">Warrier, AG Krishna (1967). <i>Śākta Upaniṣads</i>. Adyar Library and Research Center. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0835673181" title="Special:BookSources/978-0835673181"><bdi>978-0835673181</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/2606086">2606086</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%C5%9A%C4%81kta+Upani%E1%B9%A3ads&rft.pub=Adyar+Library+and+Research+Center&rft.date=1967&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F2606086&rft.isbn=978-0835673181&rft.aulast=Warrier&rft.aufirst=AG+Krishna&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASita" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHattangadi2000" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Hattangadi, Sunder (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sanskritdocuments.org/doc_upanishhat/sita.pdf">"सीतोपनिषत् (Sita Upanishad)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in Sanskrit)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 January</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D+%28Sita+Upanishad%29&rft.date=2000&rft.aulast=Hattangadi&rft.aufirst=Sunder&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsanskritdocuments.org%2Fdoc_upanishhat%2Fsita.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASita" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohnsen2002" class="citation book cs1">Johnsen, Linda (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UnLSNBBW5wcC&pg=PA47"><i>The Living Goddess</i></a>. YI Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0936663289" title="Special:BookSources/978-0936663289"><bdi>978-0936663289</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Living+Goddess&rft.pub=YI+Publishers&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0936663289&rft.aulast=Johnsen&rft.aufirst=Linda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUnLSNBBW5wcC%26pg%3DPA47&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASita" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDalal2014" class="citation book cs1">Dalal, Roshen (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zrk0AwAAQBAJ"><i>Hinduism: An Alphabetical Guide</i></a>. Penguin. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-8475-277-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-8475-277-9"><bdi>978-81-8475-277-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hinduism%3A+An+Alphabetical+Guide&rft.pub=Penguin&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-81-8475-277-9&rft.aulast=Dalal&rft.aufirst=Roshen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dzrk0AwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASita" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNair2008" class="citation book cs1">Nair, Shantha N. (1 January 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OzFvE0IR7rkC&pg=PT581"><i>Echoes of Ancient Indian Wisdom</i></a>. Pustak Mahal. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-223-1020-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-223-1020-7"><bdi>978-81-223-1020-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Echoes+of+Ancient+Indian+Wisdom&rft.pub=Pustak+Mahal&rft.date=2008-01-01&rft.isbn=978-81-223-1020-7&rft.aulast=Nair&rft.aufirst=Shantha+N.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOzFvE0IR7rkC%26pg%3DPT581&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASita" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJain2000" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Jain, Pannalal (2000). Hiralal Jain, A.N. Upadhaye (ed.). <i>Ravishenacharya's Padmapurana</i> (in Hindi) (8th ed.). New Delhi: Bhartiya Jnanpith. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-263-0508-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-263-0508-7"><bdi>978-81-263-0508-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ravishenacharya%27s+Padmapurana&rft.place=New+Delhi&rft.edition=8th&rft.pub=Bhartiya+Jnanpith&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-81-263-0508-7&rft.aulast=Jain&rft.aufirst=Pannalal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASita" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIyengar2005" class="citation book cs1">Iyengar, Kodaganallur Ramaswami Srinivasa (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CU92nFk5fU4C&pg=PA80"><i>Asian Variations in Ramayana</i></a>. Sahitya Akademi. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-260-1809-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-260-1809-3"><bdi>978-81-260-1809-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Asian+Variations+in+Ramayana&rft.pub=Sahitya+Akademi&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-81-260-1809-3&rft.aulast=Iyengar&rft.aufirst=Kodaganallur+Ramaswami+Srinivasa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCU92nFk5fU4C%26pg%3DPA80&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASita" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDas2005" class="citation book cs1">Das, Sisir Kumar (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BC3l1AbPM8sC&pg=PA124"><i>A History of Indian Literature, 500-1399: From the Courtly to the Popular</i></a>. Sahitya Akademi. p. 124. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-260-2171-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-260-2171-0"><bdi>978-81-260-2171-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Indian+Literature%2C+500-1399%3A+From+the+Courtly+to+the+Popular&rft.pages=124&rft.pub=Sahitya+Akademi&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-81-260-2171-0&rft.aulast=Das&rft.aufirst=Sisir+Kumar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBC3l1AbPM8sC%26pg%3DPA124&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASita" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Sita" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Sita">Sita</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikiquote-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/13px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/20px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, 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title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=S%C4%ABt%C4%81&rft.btitle=New+International+Encyclopedia&rft.date=1905&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASita" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output 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title="Dasharatha">Dasharatha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kausalya" title="Kausalya">Kausalya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumitra" title="Sumitra">Sumitra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaikeyi" title="Kaikeyi">Kaikeyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rama" title="Rama">Rama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bharata_(Ramayana)" title="Bharata (Ramayana)">Bharata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakshmana" title="Lakshmana">Lakshmana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shatrughna" title="Shatrughna">Shatrughna</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urmila" title="Urmila">Urmila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandavi" title="Mandavi">Mandavi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrutakirti" title="Shrutakirti">Shrutakirti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lava_(Ramayana)" title="Lava (Ramayana)">Lava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kusha_(Ramayana)" title="Kusha (Ramayana)">Kusha</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="9" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ramapanchayan,_Raja_Ravi_Varma_(Lithograph).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Ramapanchayan%2C_Raja_Ravi_Varma_%28Lithograph%29.jpg/125px-Ramapanchayan%2C_Raja_Ravi_Varma_%28Lithograph%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="125" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Ramapanchayan%2C_Raja_Ravi_Varma_%28Lithograph%29.jpg/188px-Ramapanchayan%2C_Raja_Ravi_Varma_%28Lithograph%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Ramapanchayan%2C_Raja_Ravi_Varma_%28Lithograph%29.jpg/250px-Ramapanchayan%2C_Raja_Ravi_Varma_%28Lithograph%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4106" data-file-height="5712" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#FFC569;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vanara" title="Vanara">Vanara</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hanuman" title="Hanuman">Hanuman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugriva" title="Sugriva">Sugriva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vali_(Ramayana)" title="Vali (Ramayana)">Vali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angada" title="Angada">Angada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tara_(Ramayana)" title="Tara (Ramayana)">Tara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rum%C4%81" title="Rumā">Rumā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nala_(Ramayana)" title="Nala (Ramayana)">Nala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nila_(Ramayana)" title="Nila (Ramayana)">Nila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kesari_(Ramayana)" title="Kesari (Ramayana)">Kesari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A%C3%B1jan%C4%81" title="Añjanā">Anjana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makaradhwaja" title="Makaradhwaja">Makaradhwaja</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#FFC569;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rakshasa" title="Rakshasa">Rakshasa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ravana" title="Ravana">Ravana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vibhishana" title="Vibhishana">Vibhishana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumbhakarna" title="Kumbhakarna">Kumbhakarna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indrajit" title="Indrajit">Indrajit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akshayakumara" title="Akshayakumara">Akshayakumara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atikaya" title="Atikaya">Atikaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabandha" title="Kabandha">Kabandha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khara_(Ramayana)" class="mw-redirect" title="Khara (Ramayana)">Khara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dushana" class="mw-redirect" title="Dushana">Dushana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandodari" title="Mandodari">Mandodari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhanyamalini" title="Dhanyamalini">Dhanyamalini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lavanasura" title="Lavanasura">Lavanasura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malyavan" title="Malyavan">Malyavan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maricha" title="Maricha">Maricha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayasura" title="Mayasura">Mayasura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narantaka-Devantaka" title="Narantaka-Devantaka">Narantaka-Devantaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prahasta" title="Prahasta">Prahasta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarama_(Ramayana)" title="Sarama (Ramayana)">Sarama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subahu" title="Subahu">Subahu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulochana_(Ramayana)" title="Sulochana (Ramayana)">Sulochana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumali" class="mw-redirect" title="Sumali">Sumali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shurpanakha" title="Shurpanakha">Shurpanakha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tataka" title="Tataka">Tataka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trijata" title="Trijata">Trijata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trishira" title="Trishira">Trishira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viradha" title="Viradha">Viradha</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#FFC569;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rishi" title="Rishi">Sages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agastya" title="Agastya">Agastya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahalya" title="Ahalya">Ahalya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arundhati_(Hinduism)" title="Arundhati (Hinduism)">Arundhati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bharadvaja" title="Bharadvaja">Bharadvaja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sage_Kambhoja" title="Sage Kambhoja">Kambhoja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parashurama" title="Parashurama">Parashurama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasishtha" title="Vasishtha">Vasishtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishvamitra" title="Vishvamitra">Vishvamitra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rishyasringa" title="Rishyasringa">Rishyasringa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valmiki" title="Valmiki">Valmiki</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#FFC569;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Characters_in_the_Ramayana" class="mw-redirect" title="Characters in the Ramayana">Other figures<br />and concepts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lakshmana_rekha" title="Lakshmana rekha">Lakshmana rekha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jambavan" title="Jambavan">Jambavan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janaka" title="Janaka">Janaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kushadhvaja" title="Kushadhvaja">Kushadhvaja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jatayu" title="Jatayu">Jatayu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manthara" title="Manthara">Manthara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_Sita" title="Maya Sita">Maya Sita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sampati" title="Sampati">Sampati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shabari" title="Shabari">Shabari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanta" title="Shanta">Shanta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shravana_Kumara" title="Shravana Kumara">Shravana Kumara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vedavati" title="Vedavati">Vedavati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shambuka" title="Shambuka">Shambuka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#FFC569;;width:1%">Places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ayodhya_(legendary_city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ayodhya (legendary city)">Ayodhya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mithila_(ancient)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mithila (ancient)">Mithila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dandakaranya" title="Dandakaranya">Dandakaranya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kishkindha" title="Kishkindha">Kishkindha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanka" title="Lanka">Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oshadhiparvata" title="Oshadhiparvata">Oshadhiparvata</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#FFC569;;width:1%">Books/Kandas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balakanda" title="Balakanda">Bala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayodhya_Kand" class="mw-redirect" title="Ayodhya Kand">Ayodhya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ara%E1%B9%87ya-K%C4%81%E1%B9%87%E1%B8%8Da" title="Araṇya-Kāṇḍa">Aranya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kishkindha_Kanda" class="mw-redirect" title="Kishkindha Kanda">Kishkindha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sundara_Kanda" title="Sundara Kanda">Sundara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuddha_Kanda" class="mw-redirect" title="Yuddha Kanda">Yuddha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uttara_Kanda" class="mw-redirect" title="Uttara Kanda">Uttara</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#FFC569;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Versions_of_Ramayana" class="mw-redirect" title="Versions of Ramayana">Versions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Adbhuta_Ramayana" title="Adbhuta Ramayana">Adbhuta Ramayana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Adhyathmaramayanam" class="mw-redirect" title="Adhyathmaramayanam">Adhyathmaramayanam</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Adhyatma_Ramayana" title="Adhyatma Ramayana">Adhyatma Ramayana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ananda_Ramayana" title="Ananda Ramayana">Ananda Ramayana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bhanubhakta_Ramayana" title="Bhanubhakta Ramayana">Bhanubhakta Ramayana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bha%E1%B9%AD%E1%B9%ADik%C4%81vya" title="Bhaṭṭikāvya">Bhaṭṭikāvya</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bilanka_Ramayana" title="Bilanka Ramayana">Bilanka Ramayana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hikayat_Seri_Rama" title="Hikayat Seri Rama">Hikayat Seri Rama</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jagamohana_Ramayana" title="Jagamohana Ramayana">Jagamohana Ramayana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kakawin_Ramayana" title="Kakawin Ramayana">Kakawin Ramayana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kamba_Ramayanam" class="mw-redirect" title="Kamba Ramayanam">Kamba Ramayanam</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Krittivasi_Ramayana" class="mw-redirect" title="Krittivasi Ramayana">Krittivasi Ramayana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Maharadia_Lawana" title="Maharadia Lawana">Maharadia Lawana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Molla_Ramayanam" title="Molla Ramayanam">Molla Ramayanam</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Phra_Lak_Phra_Ram" title="Phra Lak Phra Ram">Phra Lak Phra Ram</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Raghunatha_Ramayana" title="Raghunatha Ramayana">Raghunatha Ramayana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ramakien" title="Ramakien">Ramakien</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ramayana_Kalpavruksham" title="Ramayana Kalpavruksham">Ramayana Kalpavruksham</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ramcharitmanas" title="Ramcharitmanas">Ramcharitmanas</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ranganatha_Ramayanamu" title="Ranganatha Ramayanamu">Ranganatha Ramayanamu</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Reamker" title="Reamker">Reamker</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Saptakanda_Ramayana" title="Saptakanda Ramayana">Saptakanda Ramayana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sri_Ramayana_Darshanam" title="Sri Ramayana Darshanam">Sri Ramayana Darshanam</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sri_Ramayanamu" title="Sri Ramayanamu">Sri Ramayanamu</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Trai_Bhet" title="Trai Bhet">Trai Bhet</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yama_Zatdaw" title="Yama Zatdaw">Yama Zatdaw</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#FFC569;;width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ramlila" title="Ramlila">Ramlila</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Hindu_deities_and_texts170" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background:#FFC569;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Hindu_deities_and_texts" title="Template:Hindu deities and texts"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Hindu_deities_and_texts" title="Template talk:Hindu deities and texts"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hindu_deities_and_texts" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Hindu deities and texts"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Hindu_deities_and_texts170" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Hindu_deities" title="Hindu deities">Hindu deities</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hindu_texts" title="Hindu texts">texts</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Deva_(Hinduism)" title="Deva (Hinduism)">Gods</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trimurti" title="Trimurti">Trimurti</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brahma" title="Brahma">Brahma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishnu" title="Vishnu">Vishnu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiva" title="Shiva">Shiva</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agni" title="Agni">Agni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashvins" title="Ashvins">Ashvins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandra" title="Chandra">Chandra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dattatreya" title="Dattatreya">Dattatreya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganesha" title="Ganesha">Ganesha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanuman" title="Hanuman">Hanuman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indra" title="Indra">Indra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamadeva" title="Kamadeva">Kama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kartikeya" title="Kartikeya">Kartikeya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krishna" title="Krishna">Krishna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kubera" title="Kubera">Kubera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rama" title="Rama">Rama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shasta_(deity)" title="Shasta (deity)">Shasta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surya" title="Surya">Surya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varuna" title="Varuna">Varuna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vayu" title="Vayu">Vayu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishvakarma" title="Vishvakarma">Vishvakarma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yama" title="Yama">Yama</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Category:Hindu_gods" title="Category:Hindu gods">more</a></i></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hindu Om symbol"><img alt="Hindu Om symbol" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Om_symbol.svg/50px-Om_symbol.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="52" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Om_symbol.svg/75px-Om_symbol.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Om_symbol.svg/100px-Om_symbol.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="356" data-file-height="367" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Devi" title="Devi">Goddesses</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tridevi" title="Tridevi">Tridevi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saraswati" title="Saraswati">Saraswati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakshmi" title="Lakshmi">Lakshmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parvati" title="Parvati">Parvati</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aditi" title="Aditi">Aditi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhumi_(goddess)" title="Bhumi (goddess)">Bhumi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chhaya" title="Chhaya">Chhaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durga" title="Durga">Durga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganga_(goddess)" title="Ganga (goddess)">Ganga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indrani" class="mw-redirect" title="Indrani">Shachi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kali" title="Kali">Kali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahadevi" title="Mahadevi">Mahadevi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahavidya" title="Mahavidya">Mahavidya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matangi" title="Matangi">Matangi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matrikas" title="Matrikas">Matrikas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radha" title="Radha">Radha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rati" title="Rati">Rati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rohini_(goddess)" title="Rohini (goddess)">Rohini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rukmini" title="Rukmini">Rukmini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanjna" title="Sanjna">Sanjna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sati_(Hindu_goddess)" title="Sati (Hindu goddess)">Sati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakti" title="Shakti">Shakti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shashthi" title="Shashthi">Shashthi</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sita</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Category:Hindu_goddesses" title="Category:Hindu goddesses">more</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%">Other deities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apsara" title="Apsara">Apsaras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asura" title="Asura">Asuras</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daitya" title="Daitya">Daitya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danava_(Hinduism)" title="Danava (Hinduism)">Danava</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devata" title="Devata">Devata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guardians_of_the_directions" title="Guardians of the directions">Dikpāla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandharva" title="Gandharva">Gandharvas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gana" title="Gana">Gana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuladevata" title="Kuladevata">Kuladevatas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gramadevata" title="Gramadevata">Gramadevatas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rakshasa" title="Rakshasa">Rakshasas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vahana" title="Vahana">Vahanas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaksha" title="Yaksha">Yakshas</a> / <a href="/wiki/Yakshini" title="Yakshini">Yakshini</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%">Texts (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Hindu_texts" title="List of Hindu texts">list</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vedas" title="Vedas">Vedas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rigveda" title="Rigveda">Rig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samaveda" title="Samaveda">Sama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yajurveda" title="Yajurveda">Yajur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atharvaveda" title="Atharvaveda">Atharva</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upanishads" title="Upanishads">Upanishads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puranas" title="Puranas">Puranas</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ramayana" title="Ramayana">Ramayana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mahabharata" title="Mahabharata">Mahabharata</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Bhagavad_Gita" title="Bhagavad Gita">Bhagavad Gita</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yoga_Sutras_of_Patanjali" title="Yoga Sutras of Patanjali">Yoga Sutras of Patanjali</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Category:Hindu_texts" title="Category:Hindu texts">more</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background:#FFC569;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_mythology" title="Hindu mythology">Hindu mythology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="15px&#124;link=Aum_Hinduism_14px_topics723" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background:#FFC569;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Hindudharma" title="Template:Hindudharma"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Hindudharma" title="Template talk:Hindudharma"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hindudharma" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Hindudharma"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="15px&#124;link=Aum_Hinduism_14px_topics723" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Aum" title="Aum"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Aum_Om_red.svg/15px-Aum_Om_red.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Aum_Om_red.svg/23px-Aum_Om_red.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Aum_Om_red.svg/30px-Aum_Om_red.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="356" data-file-height="367" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:HinduSwastika.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/HinduSwastika.svg/14px-HinduSwastika.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/HinduSwastika.svg/21px-HinduSwastika.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/HinduSwastika.svg/28px-HinduSwastika.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="142" data-file-height="145" /></a></span> topics</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background:#FFC569;;font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_Hinduism_terms" title="Glossary of Hinduism terms">Glossary</a></li> <li>Index</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Hinduism" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of Hinduism">Timeline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hindu_philosophy" title="Hindu philosophy">Philosophy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_Hinduism_terms" title="Glossary of Hinduism terms">Concepts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brahman" title="Brahman">Brahman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Om" title="Om">Om</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ishvara" title="Ishvara">Ishvara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%80tman_(Hinduism)" title="Ātman (Hinduism)">Atman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_(religion)" title="Maya (religion)">Maya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karma" title="Karma">Karma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sa%E1%B9%83s%C4%81ra" title="Saṃsāra">Saṃsāra</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Puru%E1%B9%A3%C4%81rtha" title="Puruṣārtha">Puruṣārthas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dharma" title="Dharma">Dharma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artha" title="Artha">Artha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kama" title="Kama">Kama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moksha" title="Moksha">Moksha</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethics_in_religion#Hindu_ethics" title="Ethics in religion">Niti</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahimsa" title="Ahimsa">Ahimsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achourya" title="Achourya">Asteya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aparigraha" class="mw-redirect" title="Aparigraha">Aparigraha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahmacarya" class="mw-redirect" title="Brahmacarya">Brahmacharya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satya" title="Satya">Satya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C4%81na" title="Dāna">Dāna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temperance_(virtue)#Hinduism" title="Temperance (virtue)">Damah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compassion#Hinduism" title="Compassion">Dayā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akrodha" title="Akrodha">Akrodha</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hindu_philosophy" title="Hindu philosophy">Schools</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C4%80stika_and_n%C4%81stika" title="Āstika and nāstika">Āstika</a>: <a href="/wiki/Samkhya" title="Samkhya">Samkhya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga" title="Yoga">Yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyaya" title="Nyaya">Nyaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaisheshika" title="Vaisheshika">Vaisheshika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%ABm%C4%81%E1%B9%83s%C4%81" title="Mīmāṃsā">Mīmāṃsā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vedanta" title="Vedanta">Vedanta</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Sv%C4%81bh%C4%81vika_Bhed%C4%81bheda" class="mw-redirect" title="Svābhāvika Bhedābheda">Svābhāvika Bhedābheda</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dvaita_Vedanta" title="Dvaita Vedanta">Dvaita</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Advaita_Vedanta" title="Advaita Vedanta">Advaita</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vishishtadvaita" title="Vishishtadvaita">Vishishtadvaita</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%80stika_and_n%C4%81stika" title="Āstika and nāstika">Nāstika</a>: <a href="/wiki/Charvaka" title="Charvaka">Charvaka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Hindu "Om" symbol"><img alt="Hindu "Om" symbol" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Aum_Om_navy_blue_circle_hollow_coral.svg/100px-Aum_Om_navy_blue_circle_hollow_coral.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Aum_Om_navy_blue_circle_hollow_coral.svg/150px-Aum_Om_navy_blue_circle_hollow_coral.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Aum_Om_navy_blue_circle_hollow_coral.svg/200px-Aum_Om_navy_blue_circle_hollow_coral.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="507" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hindu_texts" title="Hindu texts">Texts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;font-weight:normal;">Classification</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Aruti" title="Śruti">Śruti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sm%E1%B9%9Bti" title="Smṛti">Smṛti</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Vedas" title="Vedas">Vedas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rigveda" title="Rigveda">Rigveda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yajurveda" title="Yajurveda">Yajurveda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samaveda" title="Samaveda">Samaveda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atharvaveda" title="Atharvaveda">Atharvaveda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;font-weight:normal;">Divisions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vedic_chant" title="Vedic chant">Samhita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahmana" title="Brahmana">Brahmana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aranyaka" title="Aranyaka">Aranyaka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Upanishads" title="Upanishads">Upanishads</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aitareya_Upanishad" title="Aitareya Upanishad">Aitareya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaushitaki_Upanishad" title="Kaushitaki Upanishad">Kaushitaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brihadaranyaka_Upanishad" title="Brihadaranyaka Upanishad">Brihadaranyaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isha_Upanishad" title="Isha Upanishad">Isha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taittiriya_Upanishad" title="Taittiriya Upanishad">Taittiriya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katha_Upanishad" title="Katha Upanishad">Katha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maitrayaniya_Upanishad" title="Maitrayaniya Upanishad">Maitrayaniya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shvetashvatara_Upanishad" title="Shvetashvatara Upanishad">Shvetashvatara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandogya_Upanishad" title="Chandogya Upanishad">Chandogya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kena_Upanishad" title="Kena Upanishad">Kena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mundaka_Upanishad" title="Mundaka Upanishad">Mundaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandukya_Upanishad" title="Mandukya Upanishad">Mandukya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prashna_Upanishad" title="Prashna Upanishad">Prashna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Upaveda" class="mw-redirect" title="Upaveda">Upavedas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ayurveda" title="Ayurveda">Ayurveda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_martial_arts" title="Indian martial arts">Dhanurveda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natya_Shastra" title="Natya Shastra">Natyaveda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_temple_architecture" title="Hindu temple architecture">Sthapatyaveda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Vedanga" title="Vedanga">Vedanga</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shiksha" title="Shiksha">Shiksha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanskrit_prosody" title="Sanskrit prosody">Chandas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vy%C4%81kara%E1%B9%87a" title="Vyākaraṇa">Vyākaraṇa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nirukta" title="Nirukta">Nirukta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalpa_(Vedanga)" title="Kalpa (Vedanga)">Kalpa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jyotisha" class="mw-redirect" title="Jyotisha">Jyotisha</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hindu_texts" title="List of Hindu texts">Other</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhagavad_Gita" title="Bhagavad Gita">Bhagavad Gita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agama_(Hinduism)" title="Agama (Hinduism)">Agamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itihasa-Purana" title="Itihasa-Purana">Itihasas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ramayana" title="Ramayana">Ramayana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahabharata" title="Mahabharata">Mahabharata</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puranas" title="Puranas">Puranas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upanishads#Classification" title="Upanishads">Minor Upanishads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthashastra" title="Arthashastra">Arthashastra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitisara" title="Nitisara">Nitisara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dharma%C5%9B%C4%81stra" title="Dharmaśāstra">Dharmaśāstra</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Manusmriti" title="Manusmriti">Manusmriti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C4%81radasm%E1%B9%9Bti" title="Nāradasmṛti">Nāradasmṛti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Y%C4%81j%C3%B1avalkya_Sm%E1%B9%9Bti" title="Yājñavalkya Smṛti">Yājñavalkya Smṛti</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sutra" title="Sutra">Sutras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stotra" title="Stotra">Stotras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subhashita" title="Subhashita">Subhashita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tantras_(Hinduism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tantras (Hinduism)">Tantras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_Vasistha" title="Yoga Vasistha">Yoga Vasistha</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yoga_Sutras_of_Patanjali" title="Yoga Sutras of Patanjali">Yoga Sutras of Patanjali</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Sangam_literature" title="Sangam literature">Sangam literature</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tirumurai" title="Tirumurai">Tirumurai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divya_Prabandham" class="mw-redirect" title="Divya Prabandham">Divya Prabandham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirumuruk%C4%81%E1%B9%9F%E1%B9%9Fuppa%E1%B9%ADai" title="Tirumurukāṟṟuppaṭai">Tirumurukāṟṟuppaṭai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiruppugal" class="mw-redirect" title="Thiruppugal">Thiruppugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirukkural" class="mw-redirect" title="Thirukkural">Thirukkural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamba_Ramayanam" class="mw-redirect" title="Kamba Ramayanam">Kamba Ramayanam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five_Great_Epics" title="Five Great Epics">Five Great Epics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eighteen_Greater_Texts" title="Eighteen Greater Texts">Eighteen Greater Texts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eighteen_Lesser_Texts" title="Eighteen Lesser Texts">Eighteen Lesser Texts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athichudi" title="Athichudi">Athichudi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraiyanar_Akapporul" title="Iraiyanar Akapporul">Iraiyanar Akapporul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abhirami_Antati" class="mw-redirect" title="Abhirami Antati">Abhirami Antati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiruvilaiyadal_Puranam" title="Thiruvilaiyadal Puranam">Thiruvilaiyadal Puranam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinayagar_Agaval" title="Vinayagar Agaval">Vinayagar Agaval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vedarthasamgraha" title="Vedarthasamgraha">Vedarthasamgraha</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hindu_deities" title="Hindu deities">Deities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Deva_(Hinduism)" title="Deva (Hinduism)">Gods</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trimurti" title="Trimurti">Trimurti</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brahma" title="Brahma">Brahma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishnu" title="Vishnu">Vishnu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiva" title="Shiva">Shiva</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agni" title="Agni">Agni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dattatreya" title="Dattatreya">Dattatreya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganesha" title="Ganesha">Ganesha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanuman" title="Hanuman">Hanuman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indra" title="Indra">Indra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kartikeya" title="Kartikeya">Kartikeya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krishna" title="Krishna">Krishna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rama" title="Rama">Rama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surya" title="Surya">Surya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varuna" title="Varuna">Varuna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vayu" title="Vayu">Vayu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hindu_gods" title="Category:Hindu gods"><i>more</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Devi" title="Devi">Goddesses</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tridevi" title="Tridevi">Tridevi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saraswati" title="Saraswati">Saraswati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakshmi" title="Lakshmi">Lakshmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parvati" title="Parvati">Parvati</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhumi_(goddess)" title="Bhumi (goddess)">Bhumi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durga" title="Durga">Durga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kali" title="Kali">Kali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahavidya" title="Mahavidya">Mahavidya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matrika" class="mw-redirect" title="Matrika">Matrika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radha" title="Radha">Radha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rukmini" title="Rukmini">Rukmini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sati_(Hindu_goddess)" title="Sati (Hindu goddess)">Sati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakti" title="Shakti">Shakti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shashthi" title="Shashthi">Shashthi</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hindu_goddesses" title="Category:Hindu goddesses"><i>more</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%">Practices</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Worship_in_Hinduism" title="Worship in Hinduism">Worship</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_temple" title="Hindu temple">Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murti" title="Murti">Murti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puja_(Hinduism)" title="Puja (Hinduism)">Puja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhakti" title="Bhakti">Bhakti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japa" title="Japa">Japa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhajan" title="Bhajan">Bhajan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naivedhya" class="mw-redirect" title="Naivedhya">Naivedhya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yajna" title="Yajna">Yajna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homa_(ritual)" title="Homa (ritual)">Homa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tapas_(Indian_religions)" title="Tapas (Indian religions)">Tapas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhy%C4%81na_in_Hinduism" class="mw-redirect" title="Dhyāna in Hinduism">Dhyāna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_pilgrimage_sites_in_India" title="Hindu pilgrimage sites in India">Tirthatana</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Sanskara_(rite_of_passage)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanskara (rite of passage)">Sanskaras</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Garbhadhana" title="Garbhadhana">Garbhadhana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pumsavana" title="Pumsavana">Pumsavana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pumsavana_Simantonayana" title="Pumsavana Simantonayana">Simantonayana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jatakarma" title="Jatakarma">Jatakarma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C4%81makara%E1%B9%87a" title="Nāmakaraṇa">Namakarana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nishkramana" title="Nishkramana">Nishkramana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annaprashana" title="Annaprashana">Annaprashana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chudakarana" title="Chudakarana">Chudakarana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karnavedha" title="Karnavedha">Karnavedha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vidy%C4%81ra%E1%B9%83bha%E1%B9%83" title="Vidyāraṃbhaṃ">Vidyarambha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upanayana" title="Upanayana">Upanayana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keshanta" title="Keshanta">Keshanta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ritu_Kala_Samskaram" title="Ritu Kala Samskaram">Ritushuddhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samavartanam" title="Samavartanam">Samavartanam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vivaah" class="mw-redirect" title="Vivaah">Vivaha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antyesti" title="Antyesti">Antyeshti</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;font-weight:normal;">Varnashrama</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Varna_(Hinduism)" title="Varna (Hinduism)">Varna</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brahmin" title="Brahmin">Brahmin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kshatriya" title="Kshatriya">Kshatriya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaishya" title="Vaishya">Vaishya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shudra" title="Shudra">Shudra</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashrama_(stage)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ashrama (stage)">Ashrama</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brahmacarya" class="mw-redirect" title="Brahmacarya">Brahmacharya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grihastha" class="mw-redirect" title="Grihastha">Grihastha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanaprastha" class="mw-redirect" title="Vanaprastha">Vanaprastha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sannyasa" title="Sannyasa">Sannyasa</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hindu_festivals" title="List of Hindu festivals">Festivals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diwali" title="Diwali">Diwali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holi" title="Holi">Holi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maha_Shivaratri" title="Maha Shivaratri">Shivaratri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raksha_Bandhan" title="Raksha Bandhan">Raksha Bandhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navaratri" title="Navaratri">Navaratri</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Durga_Puja" title="Durga Puja">Durga Puja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramlila" title="Ramlila">Ramlila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vijayadashami" title="Vijayadashami">Vijayadashami</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganesh_Chaturthi" title="Ganesh Chaturthi">Ganesh Chaturthi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rama_Navami" title="Rama Navami">Rama Navami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krishna_Janmashtami" title="Krishna Janmashtami">Janmashtami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onam" title="Onam">Onam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pongal_(festival)" title="Pongal (festival)">Pongal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makar_Sankranti" title="Makar Sankranti">Makar Sankranti</a></li> <li>New Year <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bihu" title="Bihu">Bihu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gudi_Padwa" title="Gudi Padwa">Gudi Padwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahela_Baishakh" class="mw-redirect" title="Pahela Baishakh">Pahela Baishakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puthandu" title="Puthandu">Puthandu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaisakhi" title="Vaisakhi">Vaisakhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishu" title="Vishu">Vishu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugadi" title="Ugadi">Ugadi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumbh_Mela" title="Kumbh Mela">Kumbh Mela</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haridwar_Kumbh_Mela" title="Haridwar Kumbh Mela">Haridwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nashik-Trimbakeshwar_Simhastha" title="Nashik-Trimbakeshwar Simhastha">Nashik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prayag_Kumbh_Mela" title="Prayag Kumbh Mela">Prayag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ujjain_Simhastha" title="Ujjain Simhastha">Ujjain</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ratha_Yatra_(Puri)" title="Ratha Yatra (Puri)">Ratha Yatra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teej" title="Teej">Teej</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasant_Panchami" title="Vasant Panchami">Vasant Panchami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Hindu_festivals" title="Template:Hindu festivals">Others</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;font-weight:normal;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sv%C4%81dhy%C4%81ya" title="Svādhyāya">Svādhyāya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namaste" title="Namaste">Namaste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bindi_(decoration)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bindi (decoration)">Bindi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tilaka" title="Tilaka">Tilaka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Hinduism" title="Portal:Hinduism">Related</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hindus" title="Hindus">Hindus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hindus#Etymology" title="Hindus">Etymology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_Hindus" title="Lists of Hindus">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_denominations" title="Hindu denominations">Denominations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_law" title="Hindu law">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_calendar" title="Hindu calendar">Calendar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Hindu_sentiment" title="Anti-Hindu sentiment">Anti-Hindu sentiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Hinduism" title="Criticism of Hinduism">Criticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hindu_gurus_and_sants" title="List of Hindu gurus and sants">Hindu gurus and sants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_studies" title="Hindu studies">Hindu studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_iconography" title="Hindu 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mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Add topic</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-b766959bd-xxdpl","wgBackendResponseTime":139,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"2.306","walltime":"2.679","ppvisitednodes":{"value":14173,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":547377,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":12497,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":16,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":20,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":726506,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 2101.899 1 -total"," 46.42% 975.633 1 Template:Reflist"," 20.78% 436.729 81 Template:Cite_book"," 12.49% 262.453 62 Template:Cite_web"," 7.53% 158.209 23 Template:Sfn"," 6.85% 143.899 1 Template:Infobox_deity"," 5.67% 119.141 1 Template:Langx"," 4.99% 104.911 1 Template:Infobox"," 4.58% 96.333 2 Template:Sidebar_with_collapsible_lists"," 4.45% 93.529 23 Template:Cite_news"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"1.394","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":19946214,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"table#1 {\n [\"size\"] = \"tiny\",\n}\nanchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREF\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFArniChitrakar2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFArun2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBalajiwale2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBanerjee_Divakaruni2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBhagavānadāsa1992\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBhagwan_Das_Garg1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBhalla2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBhandarkar2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBhargava\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBhattacharyya2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBhelari2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBose2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBreman1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBuitenen1973\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBéteilleGuhaParry1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCakrabartī2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCoedès1968\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDalal2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDalal2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDalrymple2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDas2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDavid_R._Kinsley1988\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDebroy2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDeussen1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDhar\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDimock1963\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDing2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEdward_O._Henry1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFrazier2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGokhale2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGopal1990\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGregory_Claeys2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGrierson1926\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGupta1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGuruge1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHarvard\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHattangadi2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHeidi_Rika_Maria_Pauwels2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIyengar2005\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFIyengar2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJain2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJames_G._Lochtefeld2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJohnsen2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKandali\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKasbekar2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKinsley1988\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKrishnan_Aravamudan2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLarson1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLorenzen1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLtd2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMOLESWORTH1857\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMacFie2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMaha_Upaniṣad1934\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMahadevan1975\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMani1975\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMankekar1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMarijke_J._Klokke2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMarrison1989\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMirashi1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMishra,_V.1979\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMohan2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMoor1810\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMukherjee1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMuskan_Singh\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFN1981\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNagar2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNagpaul_D\u0026#039;souza2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNair2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNarasimhan2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNorvin_Hein1958\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOm_Lata_Bahadur2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOnial2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPai1978\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPandey1970\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPargiter2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPattanaik2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPrasoon2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPraśānta_Guptā1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPublishing2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRajHarman2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRamanujan2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRamashraya_Sharma1986\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRichman1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRichman2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRobert_P._GoldmanSally_Sutherland_Goldman1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRocher1986\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSally_Kempton2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSarDesai2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShanta_Gokhale\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSingaravelu1982\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSingh2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSinha2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSoedjono1978\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStephanie_Jamison2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSuresh_Chandra1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSutherland\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSwami_Parmeshwaranand2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFT._A._Gopinatha_Rao1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTambora_boyak\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTattwananda1984\"] = 2,\n 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projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2005-06-21T05:50:39Z","dateModified":"2025-01-10T15:45:06Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/4\/4b\/Sita_in_exile.jpg","headline":"Hindu goddess; wife of Rama in Ramayan"}</script> </body> </html>