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searchaux" style="display:none">Overview of the role of Protestantism in Brazil</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Catedral_Presbiteriana_do_Rio_de_Janeiro_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Catedral_Presbiteriana_do_Rio_de_Janeiro_01.jpg/220px-Catedral_Presbiteriana_do_Rio_de_Janeiro_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="341" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Catedral_Presbiteriana_do_Rio_de_Janeiro_01.jpg/330px-Catedral_Presbiteriana_do_Rio_de_Janeiro_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Catedral_Presbiteriana_do_Rio_de_Janeiro_01.jpg/440px-Catedral_Presbiteriana_do_Rio_de_Janeiro_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3283" data-file-height="5084" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Cathedral_of_Rio_de_Janeiro" title="Presbyterian Cathedral of Rio de Janeiro">Presbyterian Cathedral</a> in <a href="/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro" title="Rio de Janeiro">Rio de Janeiro</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Protestantism in Brazil</b> began in the 19th century and grew in the 20th century. The 2010 Census reported that 22.2% of the Brazilian population was Protestant, while in 2020 the percentage was estimated to have risen to 31% of the population,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> over 65 million individuals, making it the second largest Protestant population in the <a href="/wiki/Western_world" title="Western world">Western world</a>. </p><p>Brazilian Protestantism is primarily represented by <a href="/wiki/Evangelicalism" title="Evangelicalism">Evangelical</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pentecostalism" title="Pentecostalism">Pentecostal</a> churches, and a smaller proportion of <a href="/wiki/Baptists" title="Baptists">Baptists</a>. The remainder is made up of <a href="/wiki/Lutherans" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutherans">Lutherans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Adventists" class="mw-redirect" title="Adventists">Adventists</a>, <a href="/wiki/Presbyterians" class="mw-redirect" title="Presbyterians">Presbyterians</a> and other mainline Protestant traditions. </p><p>Since 2010, the number of <a href="/wiki/Catholics" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholics">Catholics</a> in Brazil has dropped by an average of 1.2% per year; conversely, the number of Evangelicals has grown by 0.8% per year.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Protestantism_in_Brazil&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Igreja_Ap%C3%B3stolo_Paulo,_Gramado,_Brasil_(Igreja_Evang%C3%A9lica_de_Confiss%C3%A3o_Luterana_no_Brasil)_.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Igreja_Ap%C3%B3stolo_Paulo%2C_Gramado%2C_Brasil_%28Igreja_Evang%C3%A9lica_de_Confiss%C3%A3o_Luterana_no_Brasil%29_.JPG/220px-Igreja_Ap%C3%B3stolo_Paulo%2C_Gramado%2C_Brasil_%28Igreja_Evang%C3%A9lica_de_Confiss%C3%A3o_Luterana_no_Brasil%29_.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Igreja_Ap%C3%B3stolo_Paulo%2C_Gramado%2C_Brasil_%28Igreja_Evang%C3%A9lica_de_Confiss%C3%A3o_Luterana_no_Brasil%29_.JPG/330px-Igreja_Ap%C3%B3stolo_Paulo%2C_Gramado%2C_Brasil_%28Igreja_Evang%C3%A9lica_de_Confiss%C3%A3o_Luterana_no_Brasil%29_.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Igreja_Ap%C3%B3stolo_Paulo%2C_Gramado%2C_Brasil_%28Igreja_Evang%C3%A9lica_de_Confiss%C3%A3o_Luterana_no_Brasil%29_.JPG/440px-Igreja_Ap%C3%B3stolo_Paulo%2C_Gramado%2C_Brasil_%28Igreja_Evang%C3%A9lica_de_Confiss%C3%A3o_Luterana_no_Brasil%29_.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3216" data-file-height="4288" /></a><figcaption>Protestant Church in <a href="/wiki/Gramado" title="Gramado">Gramado</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Igreja_Evang%C3%A9lica_Luterana_Centro_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Igreja_Evang%C3%A9lica_Luterana_Centro_2.jpg/220px-Igreja_Evang%C3%A9lica_Luterana_Centro_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Igreja_Evang%C3%A9lica_Luterana_Centro_2.jpg/330px-Igreja_Evang%C3%A9lica_Luterana_Centro_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Igreja_Evang%C3%A9lica_Luterana_Centro_2.jpg/440px-Igreja_Evang%C3%A9lica_Luterana_Centro_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4160" data-file-height="6240" /></a><figcaption>Protestant Church in <a href="/wiki/Pomerode" title="Pomerode">Pomerode</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Igreja_Luterana_Martin_Luther_14.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Igreja_Luterana_Martin_Luther_14.jpg/220px-Igreja_Luterana_Martin_Luther_14.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Igreja_Luterana_Martin_Luther_14.jpg/330px-Igreja_Luterana_Martin_Luther_14.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Igreja_Luterana_Martin_Luther_14.jpg/440px-Igreja_Luterana_Martin_Luther_14.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3024" data-file-height="4032" /></a><figcaption>Protestant Church in <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo" title="São Paulo">São Paulo</a>.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Origins">Origins</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Protestantism_in_Brazil&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Origins"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Protestantism was first practiced in Brazil by <a href="/wiki/Huguenot" class="mw-redirect" title="Huguenot">Huguenot</a> travelers attempting to colonize the country while it was under the <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Empire" title="Portuguese Empire">Portuguese</a> colonial rule. These attempts, however, would not persist. </p><p>A French mission sent by <a href="/wiki/John_Calvin" title="John Calvin">John Calvin</a> was established in 1557 on one of the islands of <a href="/wiki/Guanabara_Bay" title="Guanabara Bay">Guanabara Bay</a>, where the <a href="/wiki/France_Antarctique" title="France Antarctique">France Antarctique</a> colony was founded. On March 10 of the same year, these <a href="/wiki/Calvinism" class="mw-redirect" title="Calvinism">Calvinists</a> held the first Protestant service in Brazil and, according to some accounts, the first in all the New World.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Varieties of Protestantism were often introduced by immigrants from Europe but over the last three decades, the number of <a href="/wiki/Neo-charismatic_movement" title="Neo-charismatic movement">Neo-Pentecostal</a> churches such as the <a href="/wiki/Universal_Church_of_the_Kingdom_of_God" title="Universal Church of the Kingdom of God">Universal Church of the Kingdom of God</a> has grown significantly. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1820s_to_1945">1820s to 1945</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Protestantism_in_Brazil&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 1820s to 1945"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the 19th century, while the vast majority of <a href="/wiki/Brazilians" title="Brazilians">Brazilians</a> were nominal Catholics, the nation was underserved by <a href="/wiki/Priest" title="Priest">priests</a>, and for large numbers of people religion did not play an important role in daily life.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Protestantism in Brazil largely originated with <a href="/wiki/Europeans" class="mw-redirect" title="Europeans">European</a> immigrants as well as <a href="/wiki/British_American" class="mw-redirect" title="British American">British American</a> missionaries following up on efforts that began in the 1820s. </p><p>The first <a href="/wiki/Anglican" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglican">Anglican</a> <a href="/wiki/Chapel" title="Chapel">chapel</a> began to offer services to English-speaking people in <a href="/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro" title="Rio de Janeiro">Rio de Janeiro</a> in 1822. In the same city, the Prussian consul sponsored the founding of a <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">German</a> and <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">French</a> Reformed congregation in 1827, which today is a Lutheran church. </p><p>Among <a href="/wiki/Missionaries" class="mw-redirect" title="Missionaries">missionaries</a>, <a href="/wiki/Methodists" class="mw-redirect" title="Methodists">Methodists</a> were most active, along with <a href="/wiki/Presbyterians" class="mw-redirect" title="Presbyterians">Presbyterians</a> and <a href="/wiki/Baptists" title="Baptists">Baptists</a>. The Seventh-day Adventists began in 1894, and the YMCA was organized in 1896. The missionaries promoted schools, colleges and seminaries, including the liberal arts <a href="/wiki/Mackenzie_Presbyterian_University" title="Mackenzie Presbyterian University">Mackenzie Presbyterian University</a> in <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo" title="São Paulo">São Paulo</a>, and an agricultural school. The Presbyterian schools in particular later became the nucleus of the governmental system. In 1887 Protestants in Rio de Janeiro formed a <a href="/wiki/Hospital" title="Hospital">hospital</a>. </p><p>The missionaries largely reached a working-class audience, as the Brazilian upper class was wedded either to Catholicism or to secularism. By 1914, <a href="/wiki/Protestant_church" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant church">Protestant churches</a> founded by U.S. missionaries had 47,000 communicants, served by 282 missionaries. In general, these missionaries were more successful than they had been in <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a>, <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a> or elsewhere in <a href="/wiki/Latin_America" title="Latin America">Latin America</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first <a href="/wiki/Seventh_Day_Baptists" title="Seventh Day Baptists">Seventh Day Baptists</a> soon appeared in Brazil. They expanded in territory and Brazil became home to one of the world's highest Seventh Day Baptist populations.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a> was disestablished in 1890, and responded by increasing the number of dioceses and the efficiency of its clergy. Many Protestants came from a large <a href="/wiki/Germans_in_Brazil" class="mw-redirect" title="Germans in Brazil">German immigrant community</a> and they were mostly Lutheran, but they were seldom engaged in proselytizing and grew by natural increase. Most Protestants came from missionary activities sponsored by the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> and <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>. By 1930, there were 700,000 Protestants, and increasingly they were in charge of their own affairs. </p><p>In 1930, the Methodist Church of Brazil became independent of the missionary societies and elected its own <a href="/wiki/Bishop" title="Bishop">bishop</a>. Protestants were largely working-class, but their networks helped accelerate their upward social mobility.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Since_1945">Since 1945</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Protestantism_in_Brazil&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Since 1945"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Protestantism, which has resisted syncretism more than other <a href="/wiki/Christian_church" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian church">Christian churches</a> have in the diverse country,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> established a significant presence in Brazil during the first half of the 20th century and grew during the second half. Protestants accounted for fewer than 5% of the population until the 1960s, but by 2000 made up over 15% of those affiliated with a church. Pentecostals and <a href="/wiki/Charismatic_Christianity" title="Charismatic Christianity">Charismatic</a> groups account for most of this expansion. </p><p>With their emphasis on personal salvation and moral codes as well as a less ideological approach to politics, these groups have developed a broad appeal, particularly among the booming urban migrant communities. The political consequences of this shift are still poorly understood, as the fragmentation of the Protestant community after the late 1970s has weakened it as a vehicle for direct political action. </p><p>After centuries of persecution under Portuguese colonial rule, which was successful in consolidating Catholicism in the country, Protestant denominations have seen a rapid growth in their number of followers since the last decades of the 20th century.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the time of the 2000 Census, 15.4% of the Brazilian population was Protestant. Recent research conducted by the <a href="/wiki/Grupo_Folha" title="Grupo Folha">Datafolha institute</a> shows that 31% of <a href="/wiki/Brazilians" title="Brazilians">Brazilians</a> are Protestants.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 2010 Census found that 22.2% were Protestant.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Until the late 1970s, the majority of Brazilian Protestants were Lutherans, Presbyterians, or Baptists; however, the Pentecostals, especially from neo-charismatic churches linked to the <a href="/wiki/Prosperity_theology" title="Prosperity theology">prosperity doctrine</a>, have grown significantly in number since then. </p><p>There is also a <a href="/wiki/Seventh-day_Adventist_education" title="Seventh-day Adventist education">Seventh-day Adventist educational</a> system with over 475 elementary schools, 67 secondary schools, two colleges and a university.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The rich and the poor remained traditional Catholics, while most Evangelical Protestants were in the new lower-middle class, known as the "C class" (in a A–E classification system). A 2015 survey in Brazil found that the majority of prisoners may be Evangelicals.<sup id="cite_ref-Sul_21_2015_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sul_21_2015-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politics">Politics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Protestantism_in_Brazil&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Caucus_(Brazil)" class="mw-redirect" title="Evangelical Caucus (Brazil)">Evangelical Caucus (Brazil)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Brazil" title="Conservatism in Brazil">Conservatism in Brazil</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Political_influence_of_Evangelicalism_in_Latin_America" title="Political influence of Evangelicalism in Latin America">Political influence of Evangelicalism in Latin America</a></div> <p>In the Brazilian <a href="/wiki/National_Congress_of_Brazil" title="National Congress of Brazil">National Congress</a>, there is <a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Caucus_(Brazil)" class="mw-redirect" title="Evangelical Caucus (Brazil)">Evangelical Caucus</a>, a loosely organized group of Protestant, <a href="/wiki/Evangelicalism" title="Evangelicalism">Evangelical</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Pentecostalism" title="Pentecostalism">Pentecostal</a> lawmakers in the Brazilian government and legislature. If considered a political party, the Evangelical Caucus would be the third largest in the Brazilian government, surpassed only by the <a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Democratic_Movement" title="Brazilian Democratic Movement">Brazilian Democratic Movement</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Workers%27_Party_(Brazil)" title="Workers' Party (Brazil)">Workers' Party</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It was reported that 70% of evangelical Protestants voted for President <a href="/wiki/Jair_Bolsonaro" title="Jair Bolsonaro">Jair Bolsonaro</a> in <a href="/wiki/2018_Brazilian_general_election" title="2018 Brazilian general election">2018 Brazilian general election</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demography">Demography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Protestantism_in_Brazil&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Demography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="PieChartTemplate thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px"> <div class="mw-no-invert" style="background-color:white;margin:auto;position:relative;width:200px;height:200px;overflow:hidden;border-radius:100px;border:1px solid black;transform:scaleX(-1)rotate(-90deg)"> <div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 159154.92214786px; border-left-color:White"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:White"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:White"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 20.316150419624px; border-left-color:#A9A9A9"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:#A9A9A9"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:#A9A9A9"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 18.16586821549px; border-left-color:#FFA500"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:#FFA500"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:#FFA500"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 12.95223858591px; border-left-color:#FFDF00"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:#FFDF00"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:#FFDF00"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:100px; border-width:99.99666409226px 0.81680500719163px 0 0; border-top-color:#DA70D6"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:#DA70D6"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:100px; border-width:98.778643630004px 15.581385131517px 0 0; border-top-color:#32CD32"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:#32CD32"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:100px; border-width:92.555372078385px 37.861630966344px 0 0; border-top-color:#4682B4"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:#4682B4"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:100px; border-width:58.82934566041px 80.86475183396px 0 0; border-top-color:#E41A1C"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:#E41A1C"></div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> <p>Protestants in Brazil by branch (2010)<sup id="cite_ref-ibge_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ibge-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#E41A1C; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Pentecostalism" title="Pentecostalism">Pentecostal</a> (60.01%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#4682B4; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Baptists" title="Baptists">Baptist</a> (8.81%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#32CD32; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Adventism" title="Adventism">Adventist</a> (3.69%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#DA70D6; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Lutheranism" title="Lutheranism">Lutheran</a> (2.36%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FFDF00; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Presbyterianism" title="Presbyterianism">Presbyterian</a> (2.18%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Methodism" title="Methodism">Methodist</a> (0.81%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#A9A9A9; color:black;"> </span> Other (0.33%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:White; color:black;"> </span> Undetermined (21.80%)</div> </div> </div></div> <p>According to 2010 <a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Institute_of_Geography_and_Statistics" title="Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics">IBGE</a> Census, the following are the biggest Protestant denominations in Brazil.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Only those with more than half a million members are listed. </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Pentecostalism" title="Pentecostalism">Pentecostals</a></b>: 25,370,484</li></ul> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Assembleias_de_Deus" title="Assembleias de Deus">Assemblies of God</a> (Assembléias de Deus): 12,314,410 (6.5%) (Classic Swedish-Brazilian Pentecostal denomination.)</dd> <dd>General Convention of the Assemblies of God (affiliated with the US <a href="/wiki/Assemblies_of_God" title="Assemblies of God">Assemblies of God</a>, Springfield, MO): 3.6 million.</dd> <dd>National Convention of the Assemblies of God (also known as the Madureira Ministry of the Assemblies of God): 2.5 million.</dd> <dd>Other independent Assemblies of God: 1.9 million</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Christian_Congregation_of_Brazil" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian Congregation of Brazil">Christian Congregation in Brazil</a> (Italian-Brazilian Pentecostals): 2,289,634 (1.3%)</dd> <dd>O Brasil para Cristo(Brazil for Christ): 2,196,665</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/International_Church_of_the_Foursquare_Gospel" class="mw-redirect" title="International Church of the Foursquare Gospel">Foursquare Gospel Church</a> <i>Igreja do Evangelho Quadrangular</i> (Classic Pentecostals in US, but second-wave Pentecostals in Brazil): 1,808,389 (0.8%)</dd></dl> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Baptists" title="Baptists">Baptists</a></b>: 3,723,691 (1.9%)</li></ul> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Baptist_Convention" title="Brazilian Baptist Convention">Brazilian Baptist Convention</a> (stemming from the US Southern Baptists and BWA body member): 1.4 million adherents</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/National_Baptist_Convention,_Brazil" title="National Baptist Convention, Brazil">National Baptist Convention</a> (Charismatics Baptists and BWA body member): 1 million.</dd> <dd>Independent Baptist Convention (Scandinavian Baptists): 400,000.</dd> <dd>Brazilian Seventh Day Baptist Conference: 4,953</dd> <dd>Other Baptists: 300,000</dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adventism" title="Adventism"><b>Adventists</b></a>: 1.8 million (1.0%)</li></ul> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Seventh-day_Adventist_Church" title="Seventh-day Adventist Church">Seventh-day Adventist Church</a>: 1.6 million<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Promise_Adventist_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Promise Adventist Church">Promise Adventist Church</a> (Brazilian Pentecostal Adventists): 150,000</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Seventh_Day_Adventist_Reform_Movement" title="Seventh Day Adventist Reform Movement">Seventh Day Adventist Reform Movement</a>: 50,000</dd> <dd>Other Adventists: 100,000</dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lutheran" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutheran"><b>Lutherans</b></a>: 1 million (0.6%)</li></ul> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Church_of_the_Lutheran_Confession_in_Brazil" title="Evangelical Church of the Lutheran Confession in Brazil">Evangelical Church of the Lutheran Confession in Brazil</a>: 634,286</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Lutheran_Church_of_Brazil" title="Evangelical Lutheran Church of Brazil">Evangelical Lutheran Church of Brazil</a>: 243,093</dd> <dd>Other Lutherans</dd></dl> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Reformed_churches" class="mw-redirect" title="Reformed churches">Reformed churches</a></b>: 2.5 million<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_of_Brazil" title="Presbyterian Church of Brazil">Presbyterian Church of Brazil</a>: 1,011,300</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Independent_Presbyterian_Church_of_Brazil" title="Independent Presbyterian Church of Brazil">Independent Presbyterian Church of Brazil</a>: 85,000</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Renewed_Presbyterian_Church_in_Brazil" title="Renewed Presbyterian Church in Brazil">Renewed Presbyterian Church in Brazil</a>: 131,000<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Presbyterian_Church_in_Brazil" title="Conservative Presbyterian Church in Brazil">Conservative Presbyterian Church in Brazil</a>: 6,000<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Fundamentalist_Presbyterian_Church_in_Brazil" title="Fundamentalist Presbyterian Church in Brazil">Fundamentalist Presbyterian Church in Brazil</a>: 1,800</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/United_Presbyterian_Church_of_Brazil" title="United Presbyterian Church of Brazil">United Presbyterian Church of Brazil</a>: 3,466</dd> <dd>Evangelical Reformed Church in Brazil: 2,500</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Reformed_Churches_in_Brazil" title="Reformed Churches in Brazil">Reformed Churches in Brazil</a></dd> <dd>Hungarian Reformed Church</dd> <dd>Protestant Church of Brazil</dd> <dd>Swiss Evangelical Church</dd> <dd>Arab Evangelical Church</dd> <dd>Evangelical Congregational Church in Brazil: 50,000</dd> <dd>United Congregational Churches in Brazil: 50,000</dd> <dd>Reformed Anglican Church in Brazil<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dd>Comunhão Reformada Battista no Brasil – reformed baptists in Brazil</dd></dl> <ul><li><b>Methodists</b>: 340,963 (0.201%)</li></ul> <dl><dd>Methodist Church of Brazil (affiliated to US <a href="/wiki/United_Methodist_Church" title="United Methodist Church">United Methodist Church</a>): 200,000</dd> <dd>Wesleyan Methodist Church (Brazilian <a href="/wiki/Pentecostal" class="mw-redirect" title="Pentecostal">Pentecostal</a> <a href="/wiki/Methodists" class="mw-redirect" title="Methodists">Methodists</a>): 100,000</dd> <dd>Other <a href="/wiki/Methodists" class="mw-redirect" title="Methodists">Methodists</a>: 40,000</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Protestantism_in_Brazil&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid 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height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/48px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/64px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Brazil" title="Portal:Brazil">Brazil portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Brazil" title="Religion in Brazil">Religion in Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelicalism#Brazil" title="Evangelicalism">Evangelicalism in Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methodist_Church_in_Brazil" title="Methodist Church in Brazil">Methodist Church in Brazil</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Protestantism_in_Brazil&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://g1.globo.com/politica/noticia/2020/01/13/50percent-dos-brasileiros-sao-catolicos-31percent-evangelicos-e-10percent-nao-tem-religiao-diz-datafolha.ghtml">"50% dos brasileiros são católicos, 31%, evangélicos e 10% não têm religião, diz Datafolha"</a>. <i>G1</i> (in Brazilian Portuguese)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-08-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=G1&rft.atitle=50%25+dos+brasileiros+s%C3%A3o+cat%C3%B3licos%2C+31%25%2C+evang%C3%A9licos+e+10%25+n%C3%A3o+t%C3%AAm+religi%C3%A3o%2C+diz+Datafolha&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fg1.globo.com%2Fpolitica%2Fnoticia%2F2020%2F01%2F13%2F50percent-dos-brasileiros-sao-catolicos-31percent-evangelicos-e-10percent-nao-tem-religiao-diz-datafolha.ghtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProtestantism+in+Brazil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://veja.abril.com.br/brasil/evangelicos-devem-ultrapassar-catolicos-no-brasil-a-partir-de-2032/">Evangelicals will be majority in Brazil</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Alderi Souza de Matos, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mackenzie.com.br/6996.html"><i>A França antártica e a Confissão de fé da Guanabara</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303224535/http://www.mackenzie.com.br/6996.html">Archived</a> 2016-03-03 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Instituto Presbiteriano Mackenzie 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://monografias.brasilescola.uol.com.br/historia/os-primeiros-protestantes-no-brasil-colonial-seculos-xvi-xvii.htm">"Os primeiros protestantes no Brasil colonial, séculos XVI & XVII"</a>, <i>Brasil escola</i></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Brasil+escola&rft.atitle=Os+primeiros+protestantes+no+Brasil+colonial%2C+s%C3%A9culos+XVI+%26+XVII&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmonografias.brasilescola.uol.com.br%2Fhistoria%2Fos-primeiros-protestantes-no-brasil-colonial-seculos-xvi-xvii.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProtestantism+in+Brazil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kenneth Scott Latourette, <i>A History of the Expansion of Christianity: volume V: The great century in the Americas, Austral-Asia, and Africa: A.D. 1800-A.D. 1914</i> (1943) 5:120-3</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSanford1992" class="citation book cs1">Sanford, Don A. (1992). <i>A Choosing People: The History of Seventh Day Baptists</i>. Nashville: Broadman Press. pp. 127–286. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8054-6055-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-8054-6055-1"><bdi>0-8054-6055-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Choosing+People%3A+The+History+of+Seventh+Day+Baptists&rft.place=Nashville&rft.pages=127-286&rft.pub=Broadman+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=0-8054-6055-1&rft.aulast=Sanford&rft.aufirst=Don+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProtestantism+in+Brazil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kenneth Scott Latourette, <i>A History of the Expansion of Christianity: Volume VII: Advance through Storm: A.D. 1914 and after, with concluding generalizations</i> (1945) 7:181-2</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Erasmo_Braga" class="mw-redirect" title="Erasmo Braga">Erasmo Braga</a> and Kenneth G. Trubb, <i>The Republic of Brazil: A survey of the religious situation</i> (1932)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://meuartigo.brasilescola.uol.com.br/religiao/sincretismo.htm">Syncretism in Brazil</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReel2005" class="citation news cs1">Reel, Monte (2005-04-14). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A51511-2005Apr13.html">"Brazil's Priests Use Song and Dance To Stem Catholic Church's Decline"</a>. <i>The Washington Post</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Brazil%27s+Priests+Use+Song+and+Dance+To+Stem+Catholic+Church%27s+Decline&rft.date=2005-04-14&rft.aulast=Reel&rft.aufirst=Monte&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fwp-dyn%2Farticles%2FA51511-2005Apr13.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProtestantism+in+Brazil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://g1.globo.com/politica/noticia/2020/01/13/50percent-dos-brasileiros-sao-catolicos-31percent-evangelicos-e-10percent-nao-tem-religiao-diz-datafolha.ghtml">"50% dos brasileiros são católico-romanos, 31 % evangélicos, e 10 % não têm religião, diz Datafolha"</a> [50% of Brazilians are Catholic, 31% are Evangelicals and 10% have no religion], <i>G1</i> (in Portuguese), Globo, January 13, 2020</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=G1&rft.atitle=50%25+dos+brasileiros+s%C3%A3o+cat%C3%B3lico-romanos%2C+31%E2%80%AF%25+evang%C3%A9licos%2C+e+10%E2%80%AF%25+n%C3%A3o+t%C3%AAm+religi%C3%A3o%2C+diz+Datafolha&rft.date=2020-01-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fg1.globo.com%2Fpolitica%2Fnoticia%2F2020%2F01%2F13%2F50percent-dos-brasileiros-sao-catolicos-31percent-evangelicos-e-10percent-nao-tem-religiao-diz-datafolha.ghtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProtestantism+in+Brazil" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAzevedo2010" class="citation cs2">Azevedo, Reinaldo (2010), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://veja.abril.com.br/coluna/reinaldo/o-ibge-e-a-religiao-cristaos-sao-86-8-do-brasil-catolicos-caem-para-64-6-evangelicos-ja-sao-22-2/">"O IBGE e a religião — Cristãos são 86,8% do Brasil; católicos caem para 64,6%; evangélicos já são 22,2%"</a> [Evangelicals in Brazil are already 22.2%], <i>Veja</i>, Abril</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Veja&rft.atitle=O+IBGE+e+a+religi%C3%A3o+%E2%80%94+Crist%C3%A3os+s%C3%A3o+86%2C8%25+do+Brasil%3B+cat%C3%B3licos+caem+para+64%2C6%25%3B+evang%C3%A9licos+j%C3%A1+s%C3%A3o+22%2C2%25&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Azevedo&rft.aufirst=Reinaldo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fveja.abril.com.br%2Fcoluna%2Freinaldo%2Fo-ibge-e-a-religiao-cristaos-sao-86-8-do-brasil-catolicos-caem-para-64-6-evangelicos-ja-sao-22-2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProtestantism+in+Brazil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.adventistatlas.org/viewCountry.asp?CtryCode=BR">Adventist Atlas</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unasp.edu.br/">Centro Universitário Adventista de São Paulo</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sul_21_2015-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sul_21_2015_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sul21.com.br/ta-na-rede/2015/05/evangelicos-compoem-a-maioria-nos-presidios-mostra-pesquisa/">"Evangélicos compõem a maioria nos presídios, mostra pesquisa"</a>. <i>Sul 21</i> (in Portuguese). 2015-05-30<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-05-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sul+21&rft.atitle=Evang%C3%A9licos+comp%C3%B5em+a+maioria+nos+pres%C3%ADdios%2C+mostra+pesquisa&rft.date=2015-05-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsul21.com.br%2Fta-na-rede%2F2015%2F05%2Fevangelicos-compoem-a-maioria-nos-presidios-mostra-pesquisa%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProtestantism+in+Brazil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChico_Marés2013" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Chico Marés (21 April 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gazetadopovo.com.br/vidapublica/conteudo.phtml/?id=1365176&tit=Bancada-evangelica-seria-3-partido-da-Camara">"Bancada evangélica seria 3.º partido da Câmara"</a> (in Portuguese). Gazeta do Povo<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 September</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bancada+evang%C3%A9lica+seria+3.%C2%BA+partido+da+C%C3%A2mara&rft.pub=Gazeta+do+Povo&rft.date=2013-04-21&rft.au=Chico+Mar%C3%A9s&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gazetadopovo.com.br%2Fvidapublica%2Fconteudo.phtml%2F%3Fid%3D1365176%26tit%3DBancada-evangelica-seria-3-partido-da-Camara&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProtestantism+in+Brazil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.france24.com/en/americas/20220721-brazil-s-presidential-hopefuls-court-the-evangelical-vote">"Brazil's presidential hopefuls court the evangelical vote"</a>. 21 July 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Brazil%27s+presidential+hopefuls+court+the+evangelical+vote&rft.date=2022-07-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.france24.com%2Fen%2Famericas%2F20220721-brazil-s-presidential-hopefuls-court-the-evangelical-vote&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProtestantism+in+Brazil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ibge-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ibge_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://biblioteca.ibge.gov.br/visualizacao/periodicos/94/cd_2010_religiao_deficiencia.pdf">"Características gerais da população, religião e pessoas com deficiência"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, <i>Censo Democráfico 2010</i>, IBGE</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Censo+Democr%C3%A1fico+2010&rft.atitle=Caracter%C3%ADsticas+gerais+da+popula%C3%A7%C3%A3o%2C+religi%C3%A3o+e+pessoas+com+defici%C3%AAncia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbiblioteca.ibge.gov.br%2Fvisualizacao%2Fperiodicos%2F94%2Fcd_2010_religiao_deficiencia.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProtestantism+in+Brazil" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="ftp://ftp.ibge.gov.br/Censos/Censo_Demografico_2010/Caracteristicas_Gerais_Religiao_Deficiencia/tab1_4.pdf">"Características gerais, religião e deficiência"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, <i>Censo 2010</i>, IBGE</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Censo+2010&rft.atitle=Caracter%C3%ADsticas+gerais%2C+religi%C3%A3o+e+defici%C3%AAncia&rft_id=ftp%3A%2F%2Fftp.ibge.gov.br%2FCensos%2FCenso_Demografico_2010%2FCaracteristicas_Gerais_Religiao_Deficiencia%2Ftab1_4.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProtestantism+in+Brazil" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.adventist.org/data/2006/03/1145893917/index.html.en">Adventist News Network</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.adventist.org/data/2008/1206723344/">As Adventist Church in Brazil grows, so do schools</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ihu.unisinos.br/185-noticias/noticias-2016/561641-as-igrejas-reformadas-filhas-da-reforma-de-lutero-um-movimento-centrifugo"><i>As igrejas reformadas, filhas da Reforma de Lutero: um movimento centrífugo</i></a> [<i>Reformed churches in Brazil</i>] (in Portuguese), Unisinos, 2016</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=As+igrejas+reformadas%2C+filhas+da+Reforma+de+Lutero%3A+um+movimento+centr%C3%ADfugo&rft.pub=Unisinos&rft.date=2016&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ihu.unisinos.br%2F185-noticias%2Fnoticias-2016%2F561641-as-igrejas-reformadas-filhas-da-reforma-de-lutero-um-movimento-centrifugo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProtestantism+in+Brazil" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://iprb.org.br/"><i>IPRB</i></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=IPRB&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fiprb.org.br%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProtestantism+in+Brazil" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ipcb.org.br/"><i>IPCB</i></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=IPCB&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fipcb.org.br%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProtestantism+in+Brazil" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://igrejaanglicana.com.br/"><i>Igreja anglicana</i></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Igreja+anglicana&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Figrejaanglicana.com.br%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProtestantism+in+Brazil" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Protestantism_in_Brazil&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Birman, Patrícia, and Márcia Pereira Leite. "Whatever Happened to What Used to Be the Largest Catholic Country in the World?," <i>Daedalus</i> (2000) 129#2 pp. 271–290 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/20027637">in JSTOR</a></li> <li>Burdick, John. " Why is the Black Evangelical Movement Growing in Brazil?" <i>Journal of Latin American Studies</i> (2005) 37#2 pp 311–332.</li> <li>Chesnut, R. Andrew. "The Salvation Army or the Army's Salvation?: Pentecostal Politics in Amazonian Brazil, 1962-1992," <i>Luso-Brazilian Review</i> (1999) 36#2 pp 33–49</li> <li>Chesnut, R. Andrew. <i>Born Again in Brazil: The Pentecostal Boom and the Pathogens of Poverty</i> (1997) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/Born-Again-Brazil-Pentecostal-Pathogens/dp/0813524067/">excerpt and text search</a></li> <li>Corten, Andre. <i>Pentecostalism in Brazil: Emotion of the Poor and Theological Romanticism</i> (1999) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/Pentecostalism-Brazil-Emotion-Theological-Romanticism/dp/0312225067/">excerpt and text search</a></li> <li>Freston, Paul. "Neo-Pentecostalism" in Brazil: Problems of Definition and the Struggle for Hegemony," <i><a href="/wiki/Archives_de_sciences_sociales_des_religions" title="Archives de sciences sociales des religions">Archives de sciences sociales des religions</a></i> (1999) 44#105 pp. 145-162 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/30117006">in JSTOR</a></li> <li>Londono, Diana. "Evangelicals in Brazil," <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.coha.org/evangelicals-in-brazil/"><i>Hemispheric Affairs</i> Dec. 5, 2012</a></li> <li>Willems, Emilio. "Protestantism as a Factor of Culture Change in Brazil," <i>Economic Development and Cultural Change</i> (1955) 3#4 pp. 321–333 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1151960">in JSTOR</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Protestantism_in_Brazil&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060621171402/http://www.beliefnet.com/story/193/story_19340_1.html#cont">"Brazilian Evangelical Rally Draws 3 Million"</a>. <i>Beliefnet.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.beliefnet.com/story/193/story_19340_1.html">the original</a> on June 21, 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Beliefnet.com&rft.atitle=Brazilian+Evangelical+Rally+Draws+3+Million&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.beliefnet.com%2Fstory%2F193%2Fstory_19340_1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProtestantism+in+Brazil" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory?id=3148191">Pope Visits Brazil, Church Loses Ground</a> - <a href="/wiki/ABC_News_(United_States)" title="ABC News (United States)">ABC News</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070912022647/http://www.ipsnews.net/news.asp?idnews=25966">Catholic Church Losing Followers in Droves</a> - <a href="/wiki/Inter_Press_Service" title="Inter Press Service">Inter Press Service</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/inDepthNews/idUSN3023920920070503">Rising Protestant tide sweeps Catholic Brazil</a> - <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wwrn.org/article.php?idd=1271&sec=20&cont=8">Protestants making inroads in Brazil, world's most populous Catholic country</a> - WWRN</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.latinamericanstudies.org/brazil/protestants.htm">Census reveals more Protestants in Brazil</a> - latinamericanstudies.org</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/1977818.stm">Brazilians embrace Protestant faiths</a> - <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/news/religion/2007-05-07-pope-brazil_N.htm">Pope heads to Brazil where church losing ground</a> - <a href="/wiki/USA_Today" title="USA Today">USA Today</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9F0CE6DF1F3EF937A35754C0A965958260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=all">Pragmatic Protestants Winning Converts in Brazil</a> - <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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