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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Přihlášení</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Stránky pro odhlášené editory <a href="/wiki/N%C3%A1pov%C4%9Bda:%C3%9Avod" aria-label="Více informací o editování"><span>dozvědět se více</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Moje_p%C5%99%C3%ADsp%C4%9Bvky" title="Seznam editací provedených z této IP adresy [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Příspěvky</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Moje_diskuse" title="Diskuse o editacích provedených z této IP adresy [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Diskuse</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Projekt"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Obsah" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Obsah</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">přesunout do postranního panelu</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">skrýt</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(úvod)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Reference" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reference"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Reference</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reference-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Externí_odkazy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Externí_odkazy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Externí odkazy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Externí_odkazy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Obsah" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Přepnout obsah" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Přepnout obsah</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Alexander Robertus Todd</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Přejděte k článku v jiném jazyce. Je dostupný v 57 jazycích" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-57" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">57 jazyků</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%84%D9%83%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%AF" title="ألكسندر تود – arabština" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ألكسندر تود" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%AF" title="الكسندر تود – arabština (egyptská)" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الكسندر تود" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="arabština (egyptská)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksander_Robertus_Todd" title="Aleksander Robertus Todd – ázerbájdžánština" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Aleksander Robertus Todd" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="ázerbájdžánština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="لرد تاد – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="لرد تاد" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8D%D1%80_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D1%83%D1%81_%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Александэр Рабертус Тод – běloruština" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Александэр Рабертус Тод" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="běloruština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8A%D1%80_%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Александър Тод – bulharština" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Александър Тод" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulharština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%A1" title="আলেক্সান্ডার টড – bengálština" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="আলেক্সান্ডার টড" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengálština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Robertus_Todd" title="Alexander Robertus Todd – katalánština" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Alexander Robertus Todd" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalánština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Robertus_Todd" title="Alexander Robertus Todd – dánština" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Alexander Robertus Todd" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dánština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Robertus_Todd" title="Alexander Robertus Todd – němčina" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Alexander Robertus Todd" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="němčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BB%CE%B5%CE%BE%CE%AC%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B5%CF%81_%CE%A4%CE%BF%CE%BD%CF%84" title="Αλεξάντερ Τοντ – řečtina" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αλεξάντερ Τοντ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="řečtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alec_Todd" title="Alec Todd – angličtina" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Alec Todd" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angličtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Todd" title="Alexander Todd – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Alexander Todd" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Robert_Todd" title="Alexander Robert Todd – španělština" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Alexander Robert Todd" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="španělština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Robertus_Todd" title="Alexander Robertus Todd – estonština" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Alexander Robertus Todd" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_R._Todd" title="Alexander R. Todd – baskičtina" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Alexander R. Todd" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskičtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="لرد تاد – perština" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="لرد تاد" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_R._Todd" title="Alexander R. Todd – finština" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Alexander R. Todd" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Robert_Todd" title="Alexander Robert Todd – francouzština" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Alexander Robert Todd" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francouzština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Todd" title="Alexander Todd – skotská gaelština" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Alexander Todd" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="skotská gaelština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Robertus_Todd" title="Alexander Robertus Todd – galicijština" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Alexander Robertus Todd" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicijština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_R._Todd" title="Alexander R. Todd – čínština (dialekty Hakka)" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Alexander R. Todd" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="čínština (dialekty Hakka)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%A1%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%A8_%D7%98%D7%95%D7%93" title="אלכסנדר טוד – hebrejština" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אלכסנדר טוד" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrejština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_R._Todd" title="Alexander R. Todd – maďarština" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Alexander R. Todd" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="maďarština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%AC%D5%A5%D6%84%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A4%D6%80_%D5%8F%D5%B8%D5%A4" title="Ալեքսանդր Տոդ – arménština" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ալեքսանդր Տոդ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arménština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Todd" title="Alexander Todd – indonéština" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Alexander Todd" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonéština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Todd" title="Alexander Todd – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Alexander Todd" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Robertus_Todd" title="Alexander Robertus Todd – italština" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Alexander Robertus Todd" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%AC%E3%82%AF%E3%82%B5%E3%83%B3%E3%83%80%E3%83%BC%E3%83%BB%E3%83%88%E3%83%83%E3%83%89" title="アレクサンダー・トッド – japonština" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アレクサンダー・トッド" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%85%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%A1%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%AC%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9F%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A1%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%A1%E0%B3%8D" title="ಅಲೆಕ್ಸಾಂಡರ್ ರಾಬರ್ಟಸ್ ಲಾರ್ಡ್ ಟೋಡ್ – kannadština" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಅಲೆಕ್ಸಾಂಡರ್ ರಾಬರ್ಟಸ್ ಲಾರ್ಡ್ ಟೋಡ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannadština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%8C%EB%A0%89%EC%82%B0%EB%8D%94_R._%ED%86%A0%EB%93%9C" title="알렉산더 R. 토드 – korejština" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="알렉산더 R. 토드" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korejština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Todd" title="Alexander Todd – latina" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Alexander Todd" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_R._Todd" title="Alexander R. Todd – malajština" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Alexander R. Todd" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="لرد تاد – mázandaránština" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="لرد تاد" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mázandaránština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Todd" title="Alexander Todd – nizozemština" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Alexander Todd" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nizozemština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Robertus_Todd" title="Alexander Robertus Todd – norština (bokmål)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Alexander Robertus Todd" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norština (bokmål)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_R._Todd" title="Alexander R. Todd – okcitánština" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Alexander R. Todd" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="okcitánština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Todd" title="Alexander Todd – polština" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Alexander Todd" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%AF%D8%B2%D9%86%DA%88%D8%B1_%D9%B9%D9%88%DA%88" title="الیگزنڈر ٹوڈ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="الیگزنڈر ٹوڈ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Todd" title="Alexander Todd – portugalština" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Alexander Todd" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Todd" title="Alexander Todd – rumunština" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Alexander Todd" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumunština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B4,_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D1%83%D1%81" title="Тодд, Александер Робертус – ruština" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Тодд, Александер Робертус" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_R._Todd" title="Alexander R. Todd – slovenština" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Alexander R. Todd" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovenština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Robertus_Todd" title="Alexander Robertus Todd – slovinština" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Alexander Robertus Todd" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovinština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Сер Александар Тод – srbština" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Сер Александар Тод" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="srbština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Robertus_Todd" title="Alexander Robertus Todd – švédština" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Alexander Robertus Todd" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="švédština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Todd" title="Alexander Todd – svahilština" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Alexander Todd" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="svahilština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Todd" title="Alexander Todd – turečtina" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Alexander Todd" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turečtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D1%83%D1%81_%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B4" title="Александр Робертус Тодд – tatarština" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Александр Робертус Тодд" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatarština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B4" title="Александер Тодд – ukrajinština" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Александер Тодд" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrajinština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%AF%D8%B2%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%88%D8%B1_%D9%B9%D9%88%DA%88" title="الیگزینڈر ٹوڈ – urdština" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="الیگزینڈر ٹوڈ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksandr_Todd" title="Aleksandr Todd – uzbečtina" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Aleksandr Todd" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbečtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_R._Todd" title="Alexander R. Todd – vietnamština" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Alexander R. Todd" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%A5%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0_%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%93%E1%83%98" title="ალექსანდერ რობერტუს ტოდი – mingrelština" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ალექსანდერ რობერტუს ტოდი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mingrelština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_R._Todd,_Baron_Todd" title="Alexander R. Todd, Baron Todd – jorubština" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Alexander R. Todd, Baron Todd" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="jorubština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%89%98%E5%BE%B7%E7%94%B7%E7%88%B5%E4%BA%9A%E5%8E%86%E5%B1%B1%E5%A4%A7%C2%B7%E7%BD%97%E4%BC%AF%E5%9B%BE%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E6%89%98%E5%BE%B7" title="托德男爵亚历山大·罗伯图斯·托德 – čínština" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="托德男爵亚历山大·罗伯图斯·托德" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="čínština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_R._Todd" title="Alexander R. Todd – čínština (dialekty Minnan)" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Alexander R. Todd" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="čínština (dialekty Minnan)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q157242#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Editovat mezijazykové odkazy" class="wbc-editpage">Upravit odkazy</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Jmenné prostory"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Robertus_Todd" title="Zobrazit obsahovou stránku [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Článek</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diskuse:Alexander_Robertus_Todd&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Diskuse ke stránce (stránka neexistuje) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Diskuse</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Změnit variantu jazyka" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">čeština</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Zobrazení"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Robertus_Todd"><span>Číst</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Robertus_Todd&veaction=edit" title="Editovat tuto stránku [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Editovat</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Robertus_Todd&action=edit" title="Editovat zdrojový kód této stránky [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Editovat zdroj</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Robertus_Todd&action=history" title="Starší verze této stránky. 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</div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Z Wikipedie, otevřené encyklopedie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="cs" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox biography vcard" style="width:22em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="fn" style="text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold">Alexander Robertus Todd</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Soubor:Alexander_Todd_Nobel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Alexander_Todd_Nobel.jpg/225px-Alexander_Todd_Nobel.jpg" decoding="async" width="225" height="318" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/59/Alexander_Todd_Nobel.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="280" data-file-height="396" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left">Narození</th><td><span class="wd"><a href="/wiki/2._%C5%99%C3%ADjen" title="2. říjen">2. října</a> <a href="/wiki/1907" title="1907">1907</a></span><br /><span class="wd"><a href="/wiki/Glasgow" title="Glasgow">Glasgow</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left">Úmrtí</th><td><span class="wd"><a href="/wiki/10._leden" title="10. leden">10. ledna</a> <a href="/wiki/1997" title="1997">1997</a> (ve věku 89 let)</span><br /><span class="wd"><a href="/wiki/Cambridge" title="Cambridge">Cambridge</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></th><td><span class="wd"><a href="/wiki/Glasgowsk%C3%A1_univerzita" title="Glasgowská univerzita">Glasgowská univerzita</a> (1924–1928)<br /><a href="/wiki/Univerzita_Johanna_Wolfganga_Goetheho_Frankfurt" title="Univerzita Johanna Wolfganga Goetheho Frankfurt">Univerzita Johanna Wolfganga Goetheho Frankfurt</a> (do 1931)<br />Oriel College (1931–1933)<br /><span lang="en">Allan Glen's School</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left">Pracoviště</th><td><span class="wd"><a href="/wiki/Lond%C3%BDnsk%C3%A1_univerzita" title="Londýnská univerzita">Londýnská univerzita</a> (1937–1938)<br /><a href="/wiki/Manchestersk%C3%A1_univerzita" title="Manchesterská univerzita">Manchesterská univerzita</a> (1938–1944)<br /><a href="/wiki/Univerzita_v_Cambridgi" title="Univerzita v Cambridgi">Univerzita v Cambridgi</a> (1944–1975)<br /><span lang="en">University of Hertfordshire</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Edinbursk%C3%A1_univerzita" title="Edinburská univerzita">Edinburská univerzita</a><br />Viktoriina univerzita v Manchesteru</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left">Obor</th><td><span class="wd"><a href="/wiki/Organick%C3%A1_chemie" title="Organická chemie">organická chemie</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left">Ocenění</th><td><span class="wd"><span lang="en">Meldola Medal and Prize</span> (1936)<br /><span lang="en">Tilden Prize</span> (1940)<br /><a href="/wiki/%C4%8Clen_Kr%C3%A1lovsk%C3%A9_spole%C4%8Dnosti" title="Člen Královské společnosti">člen Královské společnosti</a> (1942)<br /><span lang="en">Lavoisier Medal</span> (1948)<br /><a href="/wiki/Davyho_medaile" title="Davyho medaile">Davyho medaile</a> (1949)<br />… více na <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q157242#P166" class="extiw" title="d:Q157242">Wikidatech</a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;font-style: italic;"><div style="font-size:smaller; font-style:normal">Některá data mohou pocházet z <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q157242" class="extiw" title="d:Q157242">datové položky</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Alexander Robertus Todd</b> (<a href="/wiki/2._%C5%99%C3%ADjen" title="2. říjen">2. října</a> <a href="/wiki/1907" title="1907">1907</a> – <a href="/wiki/10._leden" title="10. leden">10. ledna</a> <a href="/wiki/1997" title="1997">1997</a>) byl <a href="/wiki/Skotsko" title="Skotsko">skotský</a> <a href="/wiki/Biochemik" class="mw-redirect" title="Biochemik">biochemik</a>, jehož výzkum v oblasti <a href="/wiki/Struktura" title="Struktura">struktury</a> a <a href="/wiki/Chemick%C3%A1_synt%C3%A9za" title="Chemická syntéza">syntézy</a> <a href="/wiki/Nukleotid" title="Nukleotid">nukleotidů</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nukleosid" title="Nukleosid">nukleosidů</a> a <a href="/wiki/Koenzym" title="Koenzym">koenzymů</a> mu v roce <a href="/wiki/1957" title="1957">1957</a> přinesl <a href="/wiki/Nobelova_cena_za_chemii" title="Nobelova cena za chemii">Nobelovu cenu za chemii</a>. </p><p>Narodil se nedaleko <a href="/wiki/Glasgow" title="Glasgow">Glasgow</a>. Bakalářský titul získal na <a href="/wiki/University_of_Glasgow" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Glasgow">University of Glasgow</a>, doktorát na <a href="/wiki/Univerzita_Johanna_Wolfganga_Goetheho_Frankfurt" title="Univerzita Johanna Wolfganga Goetheho Frankfurt">Univerzitě Johanna Wolfganga Goetheho ve Frankfurtu nad Mohanem</a>. Doktorská práce byla věnována chemii <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDlu%C4%8Dov%C3%A9_kyseliny" title="Žlučové kyseliny">žlučových kyselin</a>. Další <a href="/wiki/Doktor%C3%A1t" class="mw-redirect" title="Doktorát">doktorát</a> získal na Oriel College v <a href="/wiki/Oxfordsk%C3%A1_univerzita" title="Oxfordská univerzita">Oxfordu</a>. Poté působil v <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lister_Institute&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lister Institute (stránka neexistuje)">Lister Institute</a>, na <a href="/wiki/Edinbursk%C3%A1_univerzita" title="Edinburská univerzita">Univerzitě v Edinburghu</a>, na <a href="/wiki/Lond%C3%BDnsk%C3%A1_univerzita" title="Londýnská univerzita">Univerzitě v Londýně</a> a v <a href="/wiki/Univerzita_v_Cambridgi" title="Univerzita v Cambridgi">Cambridge</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. V roce <a href="/wiki/1938" title="1938">1938</a> se stal <a href="/wiki/Profesor" title="Profesor">profesorem</a> <a href="/wiki/Chemie" title="Chemie">chemie</a> a ředitelem laboratoří univerzity v Manchesteru. Právě zde začal zkoumat <a href="/wiki/Nukleosid" title="Nukleosid">nukleosidy</a>, směsi, které tvoří strukturální jednotky <a href="/wiki/Nukleov%C3%A9_kyseliny" class="mw-redirect" title="Nukleové kyseliny">nukleových kyselin</a> (<a href="/wiki/DNA" title="DNA">DNA</a> a <a href="/wiki/RNA" title="RNA">RNA</a>), za což obdržel nejprestižnější vědecké ocenění. </p><p>V roce <a href="/wiki/1949" title="1949">1949</a> syntetizoval <a href="/wiki/Adenosintrifosf%C3%A1t" title="Adenosintrifosfát">adenosintrifosfát</a> (ATP) a <a href="/wiki/Flavinadenindinukleotid" title="Flavinadenindinukleotid">flavinadenindinukleotid</a> (FAD). V roce <a href="/wiki/1955" title="1955">1955</a> objasnil strukturu <a href="/wiki/Vitam%C3%ADn_B12" title="Vitamín B12">vitamínu B12</a>, později pracoval na zkoumání struktury a syntézi <a href="/wiki/Vitam%C3%ADn_B1" title="Vitamín B1">vitamínu B1</a> či <a href="/wiki/Vitam%C3%ADn_E" title="Vitamín E">vitamínu E</a> a studoval <a href="/wiki/Alkaloidy" title="Alkaloidy">alkaloidy</a> nacházející se v <a href="/wiki/Ha%C5%A1i%C5%A1" title="Hašiš">hašiši</a> a <a href="/wiki/Marihuana" title="Marihuana">marihuaně</a>. </p><p>Za svůj život získal na 40 čestných titulů. V letech <a href="/wiki/1952" title="1952">1952</a>–<a href="/wiki/1964" title="1964">1964</a> byl předsedou britské vládní rady pro vědu. V letech <a href="/wiki/1975" title="1975">1975</a>–<a href="/wiki/1980" title="1980">1980</a> byl prezidentem <a href="/wiki/Kr%C3%A1lovsk%C3%A1_spole%C4%8Dnost" title="Královská společnost">Královské společnosti</a> (<i>Royal Society for the Improvement of Natural Knowledge</i>). Byl povýšen do <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0lechtick%C3%BD_titul" title="Šlechtický titul">šlechtického</a> stavu – v roce <a href="/wiki/1954" title="1954">1954</a> získal titul <a href="/wiki/Sir" title="Sir">sir</a>, v roce <a href="/wiki/1962" title="1962">1962</a> titul <a href="/wiki/Baron" title="Baron">baron</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reference">Reference</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Robertus_Todd&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Editace sekce: Reference" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Robertus_Todd&action=edit&section=1" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Reference"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="plainlinks"><i>V tomto článku byl použit <a href="/wiki/Wikipedie:WikiProjekt_P%C5%99eklad/Rady" title="Wikipedie:WikiProjekt Překlad/Rady">překlad</a> textu z článku <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_R._Todd,_Baron_Todd?oldid=610969792"><span class="cizojazycne" lang="en" title="angličtina">Alexander R. Todd, Baron Todd</span></a> na anglické Wikipedii.</i></span></p><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="book" style="font-style:normal;">ARCHER, Mary D. <i>The 1702 chair of chemistry at Cambridge: transformation and change</i>. [s.l.]: Cambridge University Press, 2005. <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Zdroje_knih/0-521-82873-2" title="Speciální:Zdroje knih/0-521-82873-2"><span class="ISBN">0-521-82873-2</span></a></span>. Kapitola Chapter 9: Alexander Todd, p 233, s. 233.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitacemonografie&rft.btitle=The+1702+chair+of+chemistry+at+Cambridge%3A+transformation+and+change&rft.isbn=0-521-82873-2&rft.aulast=Archer&rft.aufirst=Mary+D.&rft.atitle=Chapter+9%3A+Alexander+Todd%2C+p+233&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.pages=233"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Externí_odkazy"><span id="Extern.C3.AD_odkazy"></span>Externí odkazy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Robertus_Todd&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Editace sekce: Externí odkazy" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Robertus_Todd&action=edit&section=2" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Externí odkazy"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="wd"><span class="sisterproject sisterproject-commons"><span class="sisterproject_image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons"><img alt="Logo Wikimedia Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></span> <span class="sisterproject_text">Obrázky, zvuky či videa k tématu <span class="sisterproject_text_target"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Alexander_R._Todd" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Alexander R. Todd">Alexander Robertus Todd</a></span> na <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a></span></span></span><i> </i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1957/todd-bio.html">Profil na Nobel prize.org</a></li></ul> <table class="plainlinks metadata noprint pahyl" cellpadding="2" style="background: transparent;"> <tbody><tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Soubor:Wiki_letter_w.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pahýl"><img alt="Pahýl" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/60px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/80px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="44" /></a><figcaption>Pahýl</figcaption></figure> </td> <td><i>Tento článek je příliš stručný nebo <a href="/wiki/Wikipedie:Pah%C3%BDl" title="Wikipedie:Pahýl">postrádá důležité informace</a>.<br />Pomozte Wikipedii tím, že jej vhodně <a class="external text" href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Robertus_Todd&action=edit">rozšíříte</a>. Nevkládejte však <a href="/wiki/Wikipedie:Autorsk%C3%A9_pr%C3%A1vo#Publikování_cizích_autorských_děl" title="Wikipedie:Autorské právo">bez oprávnění</a> cizí texty.</i> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="navbox noprint" title="Nositelé Nobelovy ceny za chemii"><table title="" class="navbox-navbox mw-collapsible autocollapse nowraplinks noprint" cellspacing="0" data-collapsetext="skrýt" data-expandtext="zobrazit"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r17064757">.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .mw-collapsible-toggle{font-weight:normal}</style><tbody><tr> <th class="navbox-title" colspan="2"> <span class="navbox-titletext">Nositelé <a href="/wiki/Nobelova_cena_za_chemii" title="Nobelova cena za chemii">Nobelovy ceny za chemii</a></span> </th> </tr><tr class="navbox-padding"><td></td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group">1901–1925</td> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist"> <div> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jacobus_Henricus_van_%27t_Hoff" title="Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff">Jacobus van 't Hoff</a> (1901)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hermann_Emil_Fischer" title="Hermann Emil Fischer">Emil Fischer</a> (1902)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Svante_Arrhenius" title="Svante Arrhenius">Svante Arrhenius</a> (1903)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Ramsay" title="William Ramsay">William Ramsay</a> (1904)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Adolf_von_Baeyer" title="Adolf von Baeyer">Adolf von Baeyer</a> (1905)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Henri_Moissan" title="Henri Moissan">Henri Moissan</a> (1906)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Eduard_Buchner" title="Eduard Buchner">Eduard Buchner</a> (1907)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford" title="Ernest Rutherford">Ernest Rutherford</a> (1908)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Ostwald" title="Wilhelm Ostwald">Wilhelm Ostwald</a> (1909)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Otto_Wallach" title="Otto Wallach">Otto Wallach</a> (1910)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Marie_Curie-Sk%C5%82odowsk%C3%A1" title="Marie Curie-Skłodowská">Marie Curie</a> (1911)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Victor_Grignard" title="Victor Grignard">Victor Grignard</a> / <a href="/wiki/Paul_Sabatier" title="Paul Sabatier">Paul Sabatier</a> (1912)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Werner" title="Alfred Werner">Alfred Werner</a> (1913)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Theodore_William_Richards" title="Theodore William Richards">Theodore Richards</a> (1914)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Willst%C3%A4tter" title="Richard Willstätter">Richard Willstätter</a> (1915)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fritz_Haber" title="Fritz Haber">Fritz Haber</a> (1918)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Walther_Hermann_Nernst" title="Walther Hermann Nernst">Walther Nernst</a> (1920)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Soddy" title="Frederick Soddy">Frederick Soddy</a> (1921)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Francis_William_Aston" title="Francis William Aston">Francis Aston</a> (1922)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fritz_Pregl" title="Fritz Pregl">Fritz Pregl</a> (1923)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Adolf_Zsigmondy" title="Richard Adolf Zsigmondy">Richard Zsigmondy</a> (1925)</span></li></ul></div> </td> </tr><tr class="navbox-padding"><td></td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group">1926–1950</td> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist"> <div> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Theodor_Svedberg" title="Theodor Svedberg">Theodor Svedberg</a> (1926)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Otto_Wieland" title="Heinrich Otto Wieland">Heinrich Wieland</a> (1927)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Otto_Reinhold_Windaus" title="Adolf Otto Reinhold Windaus">Adolf Windaus</a> (1928)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Harden" title="Arthur Harden">Arthur Harden</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hans_von_Euler-Chelpin" title="Hans von Euler-Chelpin">Hans von Euler-Chelpin</a> (1929)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hans_Fischer" title="Hans Fischer">Hans Fischer</a> (1930)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Carl_Bosch" title="Carl Bosch">Carl Bosch</a> / <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Bergius" title="Friedrich Bergius">Friedrich Bergius</a> (1931)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Irving_Langmuir" title="Irving Langmuir">Irving Langmuir</a> (1932)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Harold_Urey" title="Harold Urey">Harold Urey</a> (1934)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Joliot-Curie" title="Frédéric Joliot-Curie">Frédéric Joliot-Curie</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ir%C3%A8ne_Joliot-Curieov%C3%A1" title="Irène Joliot-Curieová">Irène Joliot-Curieová</a> (1935)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Debye" title="Peter Debye">Peter Debye</a> (1936)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Walter_Haworth" title="Walter Haworth">Walter Haworth</a> / <a href="/wiki/Paul_Karrer" title="Paul Karrer">Paul Karrer</a> (1937)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Kuhn" title="Richard Kuhn">Richard Kuhn</a> (1938)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Butenandt" title="Adolf Butenandt">Adolf Butenandt</a> / <a href="/wiki/Leopold_Ru%C5%BEi%C4%8Dka" title="Leopold Ružička">Leopold Ružička</a> (1939)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_de_Hevesy" title="George de Hevesy">George de Hevesy</a> (1943)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Otto_Hahn" title="Otto Hahn">Otto Hahn</a> (1944)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Artturi_Ilmari_Virtanen" title="Artturi Ilmari Virtanen">Artturi Virtanen</a> (1945)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_Batcheller_Sumner" title="James Batcheller Sumner">James Batcheller Sumner</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Howard_Northrop" title="John Howard Northrop">John Northrop</a> / <a href="/wiki/Wendell_Meredith_Stanley" title="Wendell Meredith Stanley">Wendell Meredith Stanley</a> (1946)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Robinson" title="Robert Robinson">Robert Robinson</a> (1947)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Arne_Tiselius" title="Arne Tiselius">Arne Tiselius</a> (1948)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Giauque" title="William Giauque">William Giauque</a> (1949)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Otto_Diels" title="Otto Diels">Otto Diels</a> / <a href="/wiki/Kurt_Alder" title="Kurt Alder">Kurt Alder</a> (1950)</span></li></div> </td> </tr><tr class="navbox-padding"><td></td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group">1951–1975</td> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist"> <div> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Edwin_McMillan" title="Edwin McMillan">Edwin McMillan</a> / <a href="/wiki/Glenn_Seaborg" title="Glenn Seaborg">Glenn Seaborg</a> (1951)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Archer_John_Porter_Martin" title="Archer John Porter Martin">Archer Martin</a> / <a href="/wiki/Richard_Laurence_Millington_Synge" title="Richard Laurence Millington Synge">Richard Synge</a> (1952)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hermann_Staudinger" title="Hermann Staudinger">Hermann Staudinger</a> (1953)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Linus_Pauling" title="Linus Pauling">Linus Pauling</a> (1954)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vincent_du_Vigneaud" title="Vincent du Vigneaud">Vincent du Vigneaud</a> (1955)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cyril_Norman_Hinshelwood" title="Cyril Norman Hinshelwood">Cyril Hinshelwood</a> / <a href="/wiki/Nikolaj_Nikolajevi%C4%8D_Semjonov" title="Nikolaj Nikolajevič Semjonov">Nikolaj Semjonov</a> (1956)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Alexander Todd</a> (1957)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger">Frederick Sanger</a> (1958)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jaroslav_Heyrovsk%C3%BD" title="Jaroslav Heyrovský">Jaroslav Heyrovský</a> (1959)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Willard_Libby" title="Willard Libby">Willard Libby</a> (1960)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Melvin_Calvin" title="Melvin Calvin">Melvin Calvin</a> (1961)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Max_Perutz" title="Max Perutz">Max Perutz</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Kendrew" title="John Kendrew">John Kendrew</a> (1962)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Karl_Ziegler" title="Karl Ziegler">Karl Ziegler</a> / <a href="/wiki/Giulio_Natta" title="Giulio Natta">Giulio Natta</a> (1963)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Crowfoot_Hodgkin" title="Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin">Dorothy Hodgkin</a> (1964)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Burns_Woodward" title="Robert Burns Woodward">Robert Woodward</a> (1965)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Mulliken" title="Robert Mulliken">Robert S. Mulliken</a> (1966)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Manfred_Eigen" title="Manfred Eigen">Manfred Eigen</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ronald_George_Wreyford_Norrish" title="Ronald George Wreyford Norrish">Ronald Norrish</a> / <a href="/wiki/George_Porter" title="George Porter">George Porter</a> (1967)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lars_Onsager" title="Lars Onsager">Lars Onsager</a> (1968)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Derek_Barton" title="Derek Barton">Derek Barton</a> / <a href="/wiki/Odd_Hassel" title="Odd Hassel">Odd Hassel</a> (1969)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Luis_Federico_Leloir" title="Luis Federico Leloir">Luis Federico Leloir</a> (1970)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Herzberg" title="Gerhard Herzberg">Gerhard Herzberg</a> (1971)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Christian_B._Anfinsen" title="Christian B. Anfinsen">Christian B. Anfinsen</a> / <a href="/wiki/Stanford_Moore" title="Stanford Moore">Stanford Moore</a> / <a href="/wiki/William_Howard_Stein" title="William Howard Stein">William Stein</a> (1972)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Otto_Fischer" title="Ernst Otto Fischer">E. O. Fischer</a> / <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Wilkinson" title="Geoffrey Wilkinson">Geoffrey Wilkinson</a> (1973)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Paul_John_Flory" title="Paul John Flory">Paul Flory</a> (1974)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Cornforth" title="John Cornforth">John Cornforth</a> / <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Prelog" title="Vladimir Prelog">Vladimir Prelog</a> (1975)</span></li></div> </td> </tr><tr class="navbox-padding"><td></td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group">1976–2000</td> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist"> <div> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Lipscomb" title="William Lipscomb">William Lipscomb</a> (1976)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ilja_Prigogine" title="Ilja Prigogine">Ilja Prigogine</a> (1977)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Peter_D._Mitchell" title="Peter D. Mitchell">Peter D. Mitchell</a> (1978)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Herbert_C._Brown" title="Herbert C. Brown">Herbert C. Brown</a> / <a href="/wiki/Georg_Wittig" title="Georg Wittig">Georg Wittig</a> (1979)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Berg" title="Paul Berg">Paul Berg</a> / <a href="/wiki/Walter_Gilbert" title="Walter Gilbert">Walter Gilbert</a> / <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger">Frederick Sanger</a> (1980)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ken%E2%80%99i%C4%8Di_Fukui" title="Ken’iči Fukui">Ken’iči Fukui</a> / <a href="/wiki/Roald_Hoffmann" title="Roald Hoffmann">Roald Hoffmann</a> (1981)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Aaron_Klug" title="Aaron Klug">Aaron Klug</a> (1982)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Taube" title="Henry Taube">Henry Taube</a> (1983)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bruce_Merrifield" title="Robert Bruce Merrifield">Robert Merrifield</a> (1984)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Herbert_A._Hauptman" title="Herbert A. Hauptman">Herbert A. Hauptman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jerome_Karle" title="Jerome Karle">Jerome Karle</a> (1985)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dudley_Robert_Herschbach" title="Dudley Robert Herschbach">Dudley R. Herschbach</a> / <a href="/wiki/Yuan_Tseh_Lee" title="Yuan Tseh Lee">Yuan T. Lee</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Charles_Polanyi" title="John Charles Polanyi">John Polanyi</a> (1986)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Donald_J._Cram" title="Donald J. Cram">Donald J. Cram</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jean-Marie_Lehn" title="Jean-Marie Lehn">Jean-Marie Lehn</a> / <a href="/wiki/Charles_J._Pedersen" title="Charles J. Pedersen">Charles J. Pedersen</a> (1987)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Johann_Deisenhofer" title="Johann Deisenhofer">Johann Deisenhofer</a> / <a href="/wiki/Robert_Huber" title="Robert Huber">Robert Huber</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hartmut_Michel" title="Hartmut Michel">Hartmut Michel</a> (1988)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sidney_Altman" title="Sidney Altman">Sidney Altman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Thomas_R._Cech" title="Thomas R. Cech">Thomas R. Cech</a> (1989)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Elias_James_Corey" title="Elias James Corey">Elias Corey</a> (1990)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Richard_R._Ernst" title="Richard R. Ernst">Richard R. Ernst</a> (1991)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rudolph_A._Marcus" title="Rudolph A. Marcus">Rudolph A. Marcus</a> (1992)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kary_Mullis" title="Kary Mullis">Kary Mullis</a> / <a href="/wiki/Michael_Smith_(chemik)" title="Michael Smith (chemik)">Michael Smith</a> (1993)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_A._Olah" title="George A. Olah">George Olah</a> (1994)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Paul_J._Crutzen" title="Paul J. Crutzen">Paul J. Crutzen</a> / <a href="/wiki/Mario_J._Molina" title="Mario J. Molina">Mario J. Molina</a> / <a href="/wiki/Sherwood_Rowland" title="Sherwood Rowland">Sherwood Rowland</a> (1995)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Curl" title="Robert Curl">Robert Curl</a> / <a href="/wiki/Harold_Kroto" title="Harold Kroto">Harold Kroto</a> / <a href="/wiki/Richard_Smalley" title="Richard Smalley">Richard Smalley</a> (1996)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Paul_D._Boyer" title="Paul D. Boyer">Paul D. Boyer</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_E._Walker" title="John E. Walker">John E. Walker</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jens_Christian_Skou" title="Jens Christian Skou">Jens Christian Skou</a> (1997)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Walter_Kohn" title="Walter Kohn">Walter Kohn</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Pople" title="John Pople">John Pople</a> (1998)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Zewail" title="Ahmed Zewail">Ahmed Zewail</a> (1999)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alan_J._Heeger" title="Alan J. Heeger">Alan J. Heeger</a> / <a href="/wiki/Alan_MacDiarmid" title="Alan MacDiarmid">Alan MacDiarmid</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hideki_%C5%A0irakawa" title="Hideki Širakawa">Hideki Širakawa</a> (2000)</span></li></div> </td> </tr><tr class="navbox-padding"><td></td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group">2001–2025</td> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist"> <div> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Standish_Knowles" title="William Standish Knowles">William Knowles</a> / <a href="/wiki/Rj%C3%B3d%C5%BEi_Nojori" title="Rjódži Nojori">Rjódži Nojori</a> / <a href="/wiki/Karl_Barry_Sharpless" title="Karl Barry Sharpless">K. Barry Sharpless</a> (2001)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Bennett_Fenn" title="John Bennett Fenn">John B. Fenn</a> / <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B3i%C4%8Di_Tanaka" title="Kóiči Tanaka">Kóiči Tanaka</a> / <a href="/wiki/Kurt_W%C3%BCthrich" title="Kurt Wüthrich">Kurt Wüthrich</a> (2002)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Agre" title="Peter Agre">Peter Agre</a> / <a href="/wiki/Roderick_MacKinnon" title="Roderick MacKinnon">Roderick MacKinnon</a> (2003)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Aaron_Ciechanover" title="Aaron Ciechanover">Aaron Ciechanover</a> / <a href="/wiki/Avram_Her%C5%A1ko" title="Avram Herško">Avram Herško</a> / <a href="/wiki/Irwin_Rose" title="Irwin Rose">Irwin Rose</a> (2004)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Grubbs" title="Robert Grubbs">Robert H. Grubbs</a> / <a href="/wiki/Richard_Schrock" title="Richard Schrock">Richard Schrock</a> / <a href="/wiki/Yves_Chauvin" title="Yves Chauvin">Yves Chauvin</a> (2005)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Roger_D._Kornberg" title="Roger D. Kornberg">Roger D. Kornberg</a> (2006)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Ertl" title="Gerhard Ertl">Gerhard Ertl</a> (2007)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Osamu_%C5%A0imomura" title="Osamu Šimomura">Osamu Šimomura</a> / <a href="/wiki/Martin_Chalfie" title="Martin Chalfie">Martin Chalfie</a> / <a href="/wiki/Roger_Tsien" title="Roger Tsien">Roger Tsien</a> (2008)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Venkatraman_Ramakrishnan" title="Venkatraman Ramakrishnan">Venkatraman Ramakrishnan</a> / <a href="/wiki/Thomas_A._Steitz" title="Thomas A. Steitz">Thomas A. Steitz</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ada_Jonathov%C3%A1" title="Ada Jonathová">Ada Jonathová</a> (2009)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Richard_F._Heck" title="Richard F. Heck">Richard Heck</a> / <a href="/wiki/Akira_Suzuki" title="Akira Suzuki">Akira Suzuki</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ei%C4%8Di_Negi%C5%A1i" title="Eiči Negiši">Eiči Negiši</a> (2010)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Daniel_%C5%A0echtman" title="Daniel Šechtman">Daniel Šechtman</a> (2011)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Brian_Kobilka" title="Brian Kobilka">Brian Kobilka</a> / <a href="/wiki/Robert_Lefkowitz" title="Robert Lefkowitz">Robert Lefkowitz</a> (2012)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Martin_Karplus" title="Martin Karplus">Martin Karplus</a> / <a href="/wiki/Michael_Levitt" title="Michael Levitt">Michael Levitt</a> / <a href="/wiki/Arieh_Warshel" title="Arieh Warshel">Arieh Warshel</a> (2013)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Eric_Betzig" title="Eric Betzig">Eric Betzig</a> / <a href="/wiki/Stefan_Hell" title="Stefan Hell">Stefan Hell</a> / <a href="/wiki/William_E._Moerner" title="William E. Moerner">William E. Moerner</a> (2014)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tomas_Lindahl" title="Tomas Lindahl">Tomas Lindahl</a> / <a href="/wiki/Paul_Modrich" title="Paul Modrich">Paul Modrich</a> / <a href="/wiki/Aziz_Sancar" title="Aziz Sancar">Aziz Sancar</a> (2015)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Sauvage" title="Jean-Pierre Sauvage">Jean-Pierre Sauvage</a> / <a href="/wiki/Fraser_Stoddart" title="Fraser Stoddart">Fraser Stoddart</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ben_Feringa" title="Ben Feringa">Bernard Feringa</a> (2016)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Dubochet" title="Jacques Dubochet">Jacques Dubochet</a> / <a href="/wiki/Joachim_Frank" title="Joachim Frank">Joachim Frank</a> / <a href="/wiki/Richard_Henderson" title="Richard Henderson">Richard Henderson</a> (2017)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Frances_Arnoldov%C3%A1" title="Frances Arnoldová">Frances Arnoldová</a> / <a href="/wiki/Gregory_Winter" title="Gregory Winter">Gregory Winter</a> / <a href="/wiki/George_P._Smith" title="George P. Smith">George P. Smith</a> (2018)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_B._Goodenough" title="John B. Goodenough">John B. Goodenough</a> / <a href="/wiki/Michael_Stanley_Whittingham" title="Michael Stanley Whittingham">Michael Stanley Whittingham</a> / <a href="/wiki/Akira_Jo%C5%A1ino" title="Akira Jošino">Akira Jošino</a> (2019)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Emmanuelle_Charpentierov%C3%A1" title="Emmanuelle Charpentierová">Emmanuelle Charpentierová</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Doudnaov%C3%A1" title="Jennifer Doudnaová">Jennifer A. Doudnaová</a> (2020)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_List" title="Benjamin List">Benjamin List</a> / <a href="/wiki/David_MacMillan" title="David MacMillan">David MacMillan</a> (2021)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Carolyn_R._Bertozziov%C3%A1" title="Carolyn R. Bertozziová">Carolyn R. Bertozziová</a> / <a href="/wiki/Morten_Meldal" title="Morten Meldal">Morten Meldal</a> / <a href="/wiki/Karl_Barry_Sharpless" title="Karl Barry Sharpless">K. Barry Sharpless</a> (2022)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Moungi_Bawendi" title="Moungi Bawendi">Moungi G. Bawendi</a> / <a href="/wiki/Louis_E._Brus" title="Louis E. Brus">Louis E. Brus</a> / <a href="/wiki/Alexej_Jekimov" title="Alexej Jekimov">Alexej I. Jekimov</a> (2023)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/David_Baker" title="David Baker">David Baker</a> / <a href="/wiki/Demis_Hassabis" title="Demis Hassabis">Demis Hassabis</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_M._Jumper" title="John M. Jumper">John M. 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href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000109033413">0000 0001 0903 3413</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n83034676">n83034676</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Australsk%C3%A1_n%C3%A1rodn%C3%AD_knihovna" title="Australská národní knihovna">NLA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35218088">35218088</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/N%C3%A1rodn%C3%AD_knihovna_Izraele" title="Národní knihovna Izraele">NLI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007440911305171">987007440911305171</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nizozemsk%C3%A1_kr%C3%A1lovsk%C3%A1_knihovna" title="Nizozemská královská knihovna">NTA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p070343918">070343918</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Polsk%C3%A1_n%C3%A1rodn%C3%AD_knihovna" title="Polská národní knihovna">PLWABN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810637802105606">9810637802105606</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Scopus_(datab%C3%A1ze)" title="Scopus (databáze)">Scopus</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=23058268400">23058268400</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/SNAC" title="SNAC">SNAC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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