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class=""><span>Podpořte Wikipedii</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Vytvo%C5%99it_%C3%BA%C4%8Det&returnto=Alkaloidy" title="Doporučujeme vytvořit si účet a přihlásit se, ovšem není to povinné" class=""><span>Vytvoření účtu</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:P%C5%99ihl%C3%A1sit&returnto=Alkaloidy" title="Doporučujeme vám přihlásit se, ovšem není to povinné. 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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Přihlášení</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Stránky pro odhlášené editory <a href="/wiki/N%C3%A1pov%C4%9Bda:%C3%9Avod" aria-label="Více informací o editování"><span>dozvědět se více</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Moje_p%C5%99%C3%ADsp%C4%9Bvky" title="Seznam editací provedených z této IP adresy [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Příspěvky</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Moje_diskuse" title="Diskuse o editacích provedených z této IP adresy [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Diskuse</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Projekt"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Obsah" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Obsah</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">přesunout do postranního panelu</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">skrýt</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(úvod)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Základní_vlastnosti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Základní_vlastnosti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Základní vlastnosti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Základní_vlastnosti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rostlinné_alkaloidy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rostlinné_alkaloidy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Rostlinné alkaloidy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rostlinné_alkaloidy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Alkaloidy_jako_živočišné_hormony" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alkaloidy_jako_živočišné_hormony"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Alkaloidy jako živočišné hormony</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alkaloidy_jako_živočišné_hormony-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Alkaloidy_jako_návykové_látky" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alkaloidy_jako_návykové_látky"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Alkaloidy jako návykové látky</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alkaloidy_jako_návykové_látky-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Odkazy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Odkazy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Odkazy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Odkazy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Přepnout podsekci Odkazy</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Odkazy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Literatura" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literatura"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Literatura</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literatura-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Externí_odkazy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Externí_odkazy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Externí odkazy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Externí_odkazy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Obsah" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Přepnout obsah" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Přepnout obsah</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Alkaloidy</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Přejděte k článku v jiném jazyce. Je dostupný v 80 jazycích" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-80" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">80 jazyků</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkalo%C3%AFede" title="Alkaloïede – afrikánština" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Alkaloïede" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikánština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A8%D9%87_%D9%82%D9%84%D9%88%D9%8A" title="شبه قلوي – arabština" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="شبه قلوي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcaloide" title="Alcaloide – asturština" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Alcaloide" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkaloidl%C9%99r" title="Alkaloidlər – ázerbájdžánština" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Alkaloidlər" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="ázerbájdžánština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%96%D0%B4%D1%8B" title="Алкалоіды – běloruština" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Алкалоіды" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="běloruština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%B4" title="Алкалоид – bulharština" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Алкалоид" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulharština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0" title="উপক্ষার – bengálština" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="উপক্ষার" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengálština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkaloid" title="Alkaloid – bosenština" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Alkaloid" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosenština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcaloide" title="Alcaloide – katalánština" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Alcaloide" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalánština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkaloid" title="Alkaloid – dánština" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Alkaloid" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dánština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkaloide" title="Alkaloide – němčina" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Alkaloide" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="němčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BB%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B5%CE%B9%CE%B4%CE%AE" title="Αλκαλοειδή – řečtina" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αλκαλοειδή" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="řečtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkaloid" title="Alkaloid – angličtina" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Alkaloid" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angličtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkaloido" title="Alkaloido – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Alkaloido" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcaloide" title="Alcaloide – španělština" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Alcaloide" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="španělština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkaloidid" title="Alkaloidid – estonština" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Alkaloidid" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkaloide" title="Alkaloide – baskičtina" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Alkaloide" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskičtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%84%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%AF" title="آلکالوئید – perština" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آلکالوئید" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkaloidit" title="Alkaloidit – finština" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Alkaloidit" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcalo%C3%AFde" title="Alcaloïde – francouzština" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Alcaloïde" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francouzština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkaloid" title="Alkaloid – fríština (severní)" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Alkaloid" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="fríština (severní)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcal%C3%B3ideach" title="Alcalóideach – irština" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Alcalóideach" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcaloide" title="Alcaloide – galicijština" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Alcaloide" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicijština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkaloyd" title="Alkaloyd – manština" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Alkaloyd" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="manština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%A7%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%90%D7%99%D7%93" title="אלקלואיד – hebrejština" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אלקלואיד" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrejština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%A1" title="एल्कलॉएड – hindština" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="एल्कलॉएड" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkaloidi" title="Alkaloidi – chorvatština" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Alkaloidi" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="chorvatština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkaloidok" title="Alkaloidok – maďarština" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Alkaloidok" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="maďarština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%AC%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%B8%D5%AB%D5%A4%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Ալկալոիդներ – arménština" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ալկալոիդներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arménština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkaloid" title="Alkaloid – indonéština" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Alkaloid" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonéština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkaloido" title="Alkaloido – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Alkaloido" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beiskjuefni" title="Beiskjuefni – islandština" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Beiskjuefni" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcaloidi" title="Alcaloidi – italština" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Alcaloidi" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%AB%E3%82%AB%E3%83%AD%E3%82%A4%E3%83%89" title="アルカロイド – japonština" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アルカロイド" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkaloid" title="Alkaloid – javánština" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Alkaloid" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javánština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%98%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="ალკალოიდები – gruzínština" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ალკალოიდები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruzínština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkaloid" title="Alkaloid – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Alkaloid" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Алкалоидтар – kazaština" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Алкалоидтар" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazaština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%86%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%AF%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A1%E0%B3%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%B3%E0%B3%81" title="ಆಲ್ಕಲಾಯ್ಡ್‌ಗಳು – kannadština" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಆಲ್ಕಲಾಯ್ಡ್‌ಗಳು" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannadština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%8C%EC%B9%BC%EB%A1%9C%EC%9D%B4%EB%93%9C" title="알칼로이드 – korejština" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="알칼로이드" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korejština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Алкалоиддер – kyrgyzština" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Алкалоиддер" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kyrgyzština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcaloides" title="Alcaloides – latina" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Alcaloides" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkaloidas" title="Alkaloidas – litevština" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Alkaloidas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litevština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkalo%C4%ABdi" title="Alkaloīdi – lotyština" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Alkaloīdi" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lotyština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%B4" title="Алкалоид – makedonština" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Алкалоид" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%86%E0%B5%BD%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D" title="ആൽക്കലോയ്ഡ് – malajálamština" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ആൽക്കലോയ്ഡ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajálamština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkaloid" title="Alkaloid – malajština" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Alkaloid" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkalo%C3%AFde" title="Alkaloïde – nizozemština" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Alkaloïde" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nizozemština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkaloid" title="Alkaloid – norština (nynorsk)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Alkaloid" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norština (nynorsk)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkaloid" title="Alkaloid – norština (bokmål)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Alkaloid" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norština (bokmål)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcalo%C3%AFde" title="Alcaloïde – okcitánština" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Alcaloïde" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="okcitánština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkaloidy" title="Alkaloidy – polština" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Alkaloidy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D9%84%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%AF" title="القلويد – paštština" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="القلويد" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paštština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcaloide" title="Alcaloide – portugalština" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Alcaloide" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcaloid" title="Alcaloid – rumunština" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Alcaloid" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumunština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="dobrý článek"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%8B" title="Алкалоиды – ruština" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Алкалоиды" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%B4" title="Алкалоид – rusínština" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Алкалоид" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="rusínština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkaloid" title="Alkaloid – srbochorvatština" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Alkaloid" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="srbochorvatština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkaloid" title="Alkaloid – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Alkaloid" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkaloid" title="Alkaloid – slovenština" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Alkaloid" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovenština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkaloid" title="Alkaloid – slovinština" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Alkaloid" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovinština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkaloidet" title="Alkaloidet – albánština" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Alkaloidet" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albánština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%B4" title="Алкалоид – srbština" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Алкалоид" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="srbština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkaloid" title="Alkaloid – sundština" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Alkaloid" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkaloid" title="Alkaloid – švédština" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Alkaloid" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="švédština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B7%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" title="క్షారమయం – telugština" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="క్షారమయం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%B4%D2%B3%D0%BE" title="Алкалоидҳо – tádžičtina" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Алкалоидҳо" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tádžičtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%8C" title="แอลคาลอยด์ – thajština" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="แอลคาลอยด์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thajština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkaloid" title="Alkaloid – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Alkaloid" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkaloid" title="Alkaloid – turečtina" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Alkaloid" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turečtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Алкалоидлар – tatarština" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Алкалоидлар" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatarština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Алкалоидтер – tuvinština" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Алкалоидтер" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="tuvinština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%97%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Алкалоїди – ukrajinština" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Алкалоїди" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrajinština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkaloidlar" title="Alkaloidlar – uzbečtina" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Alkaloidlar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbečtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkaloid" title="Alkaloid – vietnamština" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Alkaloid" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkaloid" title="Alkaloid – warajština" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Alkaloid" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="warajština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E7%A2%B1" title="生物碱 – čínština (dialekty Wu)" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="生物碱" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="čínština (dialekty Wu)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%98%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98" title="ალკალოიდეფი – mingrelština" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ალკალოიდეფი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mingrelština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E9%B9%BC" title="生物鹼 – čínština" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="生物鹼" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="čínština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E9%B9%BC" title="生物鹼 – kantonština" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="生物鹼" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q70702#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Editovat mezijazykové odkazy" class="wbc-editpage">Upravit odkazy</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Jmenné prostory"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div 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vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Alkaloidy"><span>Číst</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alkaloidy&veaction=edit" title="Editovat tuto stránku [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Editovat</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alkaloidy&action=edit" title="Editovat zdrojový kód této stránky [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Editovat zdroj</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alkaloidy&action=history"><span>Zobrazit historii</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Obecné </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Co_odkazuje_na/Alkaloidy" title="Seznam všech wikistránek, které sem odkazují [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Odkazuje sem</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Souvisej%C3%ADc%C3%AD_zm%C4%9Bny/Alkaloidy" rel="nofollow" title="Nedávné změny stránek, na které je odkazováno [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Související změny</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=cs" title="Nahrát obrázky či jiná multimédia [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Načíst soubor</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD_str%C3%A1nky" title="Seznam všech speciálních stránek [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Speciální stránky</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alkaloidy&oldid=24382356" title="Trvalý odkaz na současnou verzi této stránky"><span>Trvalý 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href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Alkaloids" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibooks mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikibooks.org/wiki/P%C5%99%C3%ADrodn%C3%AD_l%C3%A1tky/Chemie_p%C5%99%C3%ADrodn%C3%ADch_l%C3%A1tek/P%C5%99ehled_p%C5%99%C3%ADrodn%C3%ADch_l%C3%A1tek/Alkaloidy" hreflang="cs"><span>Wikiknihy</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q70702" title="Odkaz na propojenou položku datového úložiště [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Položka Wikidat</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Nástroje ke stránce"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Vzhled"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Vzhled</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">přesunout do postranního panelu</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">skrýt</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Z Wikipedie, otevřené encyklopedie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="cs" dir="ltr"><p><b>Alkaloidy</b> představují skupinu zásaditých <a href="/wiki/Organick%C3%A1_slou%C4%8Denina" title="Organická sloučenina">organických sloučenin</a>, které se tvoří při přeměně <a href="/wiki/Aminokyselina" title="Aminokyselina">aminokyselin</a>. V současné době je jich známo přes 10000. Převážná většina alkaloidů náleží k <a href="/wiki/Rostliny" title="Rostliny">rostlinným</a> alkaloidům. V menší šíři se však vyskytují i alkaloidy <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDivo%C4%8Dichov%C3%A9" title="Živočichové">živočichů</a> (hlavně <a href="/wiki/Oboj%C5%BEiveln%C3%ADci" title="Obojživelníci">obojživelníků</a>) a <a href="/wiki/Houby" title="Houby">hub</a>. V tělech organismů mají různé funkce, které ne vždy jsou známé. U rostlin mívají obrannou funkci a dále např. různé rostliny se v podobě alkaloidů zbavují dusíkatých zplodin. V tělech živočichů jsou některé alkaloidy <a href="/wiki/Hormony" class="mw-redirect" title="Hormony">hormony</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Základní_vlastnosti"><span id="Z.C3.A1kladn.C3.AD_vlastnosti"></span>Základní vlastnosti</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alkaloidy&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Editace sekce: Základní vlastnosti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alkaloidy&action=edit&section=1" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Základní vlastnosti"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Zpravidla obranná funkce (často hořká chuť a silná <a href="/wiki/Toxicita" title="Toxicita">toxicita</a>),</li> <li>vždy obsahují vázaný <a href="/wiki/Dus%C3%ADk" title="Dusík">dusík</a>, především v <a href="/wiki/Heterocyklick%C3%A9_slou%C4%8Deniny" title="Heterocyklické sloučeniny">heterocyklické</a> formě (na jeho umístění je založena nejpoužívanější klasifikace alkaloidů),</li> <li>jsou <a href="/wiki/Z%C3%A1sady_(chemie)" title="Zásady (chemie)">zásadité</a>, v rostlinách se zpravidla vyskytují ve formě <a href="/wiki/Soli" title="Soli">solí</a> <a href="/wiki/Karboxylov%C3%A9_kyseliny" title="Karboxylové kyseliny">karboxylových kyselin</a>,</li> <li>jsou většinou tuhé, <a href="/wiki/Krystal" title="Krystal">krystalické</a> a <a href="/wiki/Optick%C3%A1_ot%C3%A1%C4%8Divost" title="Optická otáčivost">opticky aktivní</a>,</li> <li>jsou obvykle špatně <a href="/wiki/Rozpustnost" title="Rozpustnost">rozpustné</a> ve <a href="/wiki/Voda" title="Voda">vodě</a> a dobře ve slabě polárních a <a href="/wiki/Nepol%C3%A1rn%C3%AD_rozpou%C5%A1t%C4%9Bdlo" title="Nepolární rozpouštědlo">nepolárních rozpouštědlech</a>,</li> <li>mají značné biologické účinky na živočichy (<a href="/wiki/Jed" title="Jed">jedy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Psychoaktivn%C3%AD_droga" title="Psychoaktivní droga">psychoaktivní látky</a>, <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9%C4%8Divo" title="Léčivo">léky</a>),</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trivi%C3%A1ln%C3%AD_n%C3%A1zev" title="Triviální název">triviální názvy</a> jsou mnohdy asociovány k vědeckému jménu organismu, v němž byly objeveny; někdy i k jejich účinkům.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rostlinné_alkaloidy"><span id="Rostlinn.C3.A9_alkaloidy"></span>Rostlinné alkaloidy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alkaloidy&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Editace sekce: Rostlinné alkaloidy" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alkaloidy&action=edit&section=2" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Rostlinné alkaloidy"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>V rostlinné říši jsou tedy alkaloidy značně rozšířeny a často mají silné fyziologické účinky. Patří mezi ně vůbec nejsilnější rostlinné jedy (např. kurarové alkaloidy, které jsou účinnou složkou <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0%C3%ADpov%C3%BD_jed" title="Šípový jed">šípových jedů</a>, námelové alkaloidy, opiové alkaloidy, <a href="/wiki/Atropin" title="Atropin">atropin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nikotin" title="Nikotin">nikotin</a> aj.) a mnohé z nich jsou v dnešním lékařství nepostradatelné. Vyskytují se především v rostlinách z <a href="/wiki/%C4%8Cele%C4%8F" title="Čeleď">čeledi</a> <a href="/wiki/Makovit%C3%A9" title="Makovité">makovité</a> (<a href="/wiki/M%C3%A1k_(rod)" title="Mák (rod)">mák</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vla%C5%A1tovi%C4%8Dn%C3%ADk_v%C4%9Bt%C5%A1%C3%AD" title="Vlaštovičník větší">vlaštovičník</a>), <a href="/wiki/Lilkovit%C3%A9" title="Lilkovité">lilkovité</a> (<a href="/wiki/Rul%C3%ADk_zlomocn%C3%BD" title="Rulík zlomocný">rulík zlomocný</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bl%C3%ADn" title="Blín">blín</a>, <a href="/wiki/Durman" title="Durman">durman</a>), <a href="/wiki/Oc%C3%BAnovit%C3%A9" title="Ocúnovité">ocúnovité</a> (<a href="/wiki/Oc%C3%BAn" title="Ocún">ocún</a>), <a href="/wiki/K%C3%BDchavicovit%C3%A9" title="Kýchavicovité">kýchavicovité</a> (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%BDchavice" title="Kýchavice">kýchavice</a>), <a href="/wiki/Prysky%C5%99n%C3%ADkovit%C3%A9" title="Pryskyřníkovité">pryskyřníkovité</a> (<a href="/wiki/Om%C4%9Bj" title="Oměj">oměj</a>), <a href="/wiki/Bobovit%C3%A9" title="Bobovité">bobovité</a> (<a href="/wiki/Janovec_metlat%C3%BD" title="Janovec metlatý">janovec metlatý</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kru%C4%8Dinka" title="Kručinka">kručinka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lupina" title="Lupina">lupina</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0t%C4%9Bd%C5%99enec" title="Štědřenec">štědřenec</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDanovec" title="Žanovec">žanovec</a>) aj. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Alkaloidy_jako_živočišné_hormony"><span id="Alkaloidy_jako_.C5.BEivo.C4.8Di.C5.A1n.C3.A9_hormony"></span>Alkaloidy jako živočišné hormony</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alkaloidy&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Editace sekce: Alkaloidy jako živočišné hormony" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alkaloidy&action=edit&section=3" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Alkaloidy jako živočišné hormony"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mezi alkaloidy významné v tělech živočichů patří například spánkový hormon <a href="/wiki/Melatonin" title="Melatonin">melatonin</a> a <a href="/wiki/Neurotransmiter" title="Neurotransmiter">neurotransmitery</a> <a href="/wiki/Dopamin" title="Dopamin">dopamin</a> a <a href="/wiki/Serotonin" title="Serotonin">serotonin</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Alkaloidy_jako_návykové_látky"><span id="Alkaloidy_jako_n.C3.A1vykov.C3.A9_l.C3.A1tky"></span>Alkaloidy jako návykové látky</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alkaloidy&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Editace sekce: Alkaloidy jako návykové látky" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alkaloidy&action=edit&section=4" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Alkaloidy jako návykové látky"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ke skupině alkaloidů lze řadit množství návykových látek. Z hlediska objemu je na prvním místě <a href="/wiki/Morfin" title="Morfin">morfin</a> získávaný ze šťávy nezralých makovic. V medicíně se používá k tlumení bolesti. Methylací lze získat <a href="/wiki/Kodein" title="Kodein">kodein</a>, který má vhodnější léčebné účinky. Pokud dojde k acetylaci obou hydroxylových skupin morfinu, vzniká jedna z nejnebezpečnějších drog – <a href="/wiki/Heroin" title="Heroin">heroin</a>. </p> <ul><li>V plodech blínu, durmanu a rulíku se vyskytuje <a href="/wiki/Atropin" title="Atropin">atropin</a>, který se v lékařství používá k tlumení křečí <a href="/wiki/Hladk%C3%A1_svalovina" title="Hladká svalovina">hladkého svalstva</a> a v očním lékařství k rozšiřování zornic.</li> <li>Dalším známým alkaloidem je <a href="/wiki/Chinin" title="Chinin">chinin</a>, který je lékem proti <a href="/wiki/Mal%C3%A1rie" title="Malárie">malárii</a>. Mezi další účinky patří snižování teplot.</li> <li>Mezi <a href="/wiki/N%C3%A1mel" class="mw-redirect" title="Námel">námelové</a> alkaloidy patří <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ergometrin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ergometrin (stránka neexistuje)">ergometrin</a> používaný v gynekologii a <a href="/wiki/Ergotamin" title="Ergotamin">ergotamin</a>, který se užívá k léčbě poruch útrobního nervstva a bolestí, které jsou podmíněny cévně (<a href="/wiki/Migr%C3%A9na" title="Migréna">migrény</a>).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kofein" title="Kofein">Kofein</a> izolovaný ze zrnek <a href="/wiki/K%C3%A1vovn%C3%ADk" title="Kávovník">kávy</a> či lístků <a href="/wiki/%C4%8Cajovn%C3%ADk_%C4%8D%C3%ADnsk%C3%BD" title="Čajovník čínský">čaje</a> povzbuzuje nervovou soustavu a srdeční činnost.</li> <li>Mezi extrémně jedovaté alkaloidy patří <a href="/wiki/Kurare" title="Kurare">kurare</a>, tzv. <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0%C3%ADpov%C3%BD_jed" title="Šípový jed">šípový jed</a>, izolovaný z některých druhů jihoamerických rostlin.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Odkazy">Odkazy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alkaloidy&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Editace sekce: Odkazy" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alkaloidy&action=edit&section=5" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Odkazy"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Literatura">Literatura</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alkaloidy&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Editace sekce: Literatura" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alkaloidy&action=edit&section=6" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Literatura"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>ŠÍMOVÁ, Jana a HABERMANN, Vlastimil. <i>Alkaloidy: malé laboratorní praktikum.</i> Praha: Karolinum, 2001. 35 s. Učební texty Univerzity Karlovy v Praze. <a href="/wiki/Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Zdroje_knih/8024602067" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 80-246-0206-7</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Externí_odkazy"><span id="Extern.C3.AD_odkazy"></span>Externí odkazy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alkaloidy&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Editace sekce: Externí odkazy" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alkaloidy&action=edit&section=7" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Externí odkazy"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="wd"><span class="sisterproject sisterproject-commons"><span class="sisterproject_image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons"><img alt="Logo Wikimedia Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></span> <span class="sisterproject_text">Obrázky, zvuky či videa k tématu <span class="sisterproject_text_target"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Alkaloids" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Alkaloids">alkaloid</a></span> na <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a></span></span></span><i> </i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.maturita.cz/referaty/referat.asp?id=5979">Referát na www.maturita.cz</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20030924180843/http://www.jergym.hiedu.cz/~canovm/alkaloid/prirlatk/a2.html">Referát; 2003</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://xantina.hyperlink.cz/organika/prirodni/alkaloidy.html">Alkaloidy</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox noprint" title="Biogenní látky"><table title="" class="navbox-navbox mw-collapsible autocollapse nowraplinks noprint" cellspacing="0" data-collapsetext="skrýt" data-expandtext="zobrazit"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r17064757">.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .mw-collapsible-toggle{font-weight:normal}</style><tbody><tr> <th class="navbox-title" colspan="2"> <span class="navbox-titletext">Biogenní látky</span> </th> </tr><tr class="navbox-padding"><td></td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/Biogenn%C3%AD_prvky" title="Biogenní prvky">Biogenní prvky</a></td> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div> <a href="/wiki/Uhl%C3%ADk" title="Uhlík">uhlík</a> • <a href="/wiki/Dus%C3%ADk" title="Dusík">dusík</a> • <a href="/wiki/Vod%C3%ADk" title="Vodík">vodík</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kysl%C3%ADk" title="Kyslík">kyslík</a> • <a href="/wiki/S%C3%ADra" title="Síra">síra</a> • <a href="/wiki/Fosfor" title="Fosfor">fosfor</a> • <a href="/wiki/Stopov%C3%BD_prvek" title="Stopový prvek">stopové prvky</a></div> </td> </tr><tr class="navbox-padding"><td></td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group">Významné biogenní sloučeniny</td> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <div> <a href="/wiki/Sacharidy" title="Sacharidy">sacharidy</a> • <a href="/wiki/Tuky" title="Tuky">tuky</a> • <a href="/wiki/B%C3%ADlkovina" title="Bílkovina">bílkoviny</a> • <a href="/wiki/Nukleov%C3%A1_kyselina" title="Nukleová kyselina">nukleové kyseliny</a> • <a href="/wiki/Esenci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD_aminokyseliny" title="Esenciální aminokyseliny">esenciální aminokyseliny</a> • <a href="/wiki/Esenci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD_mastn%C3%A1_kyselina" title="Esenciální mastná kyselina">esenciální mastné kyseliny</a></div> </td> </tr><tr class="navbox-padding"><td></td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group">Další</td> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div> <a href="/wiki/Terpeny" title="Terpeny">terpeny</a> • <a href="/wiki/Silice" title="Silice">silice</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Balz%C3%A1m&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Balzám (stránka neexistuje)">balzámy</a> a <a href="/wiki/Prysky%C5%99ice" title="Pryskyřice">pryskyřice</a> • <a href="/wiki/Pigment" title="Pigment">barviva</a> • <a href="/wiki/Vitam%C3%ADn" title="Vitamín">vitamíny</a> (<a href="/wiki/Provitam%C3%ADn" title="Provitamín">provitamíny</a>) • <a class="mw-selflink selflink">alkaloidy</a> • <a href="/wiki/Flavonoidy" title="Flavonoidy">flavonoidy</a> • <a href="/wiki/Glykosidy" title="Glykosidy">glykosidy</a> • <a href="/wiki/Saponiny" title="Saponiny">saponiny</a> • <a href="/wiki/T%C5%99%C3%ADsloviny" title="Třísloviny">třísloviny</a> • <a href="/wiki/Steroidy" title="Steroidy">steroidy</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ho%C5%99%C4%8Diny" 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</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16915398">.mw-parser-output div/**/#portallinks a{font-weight:bold}</style><div id="portallinks" class="catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Port%C3%A1l:Obsah" title="Portál:Obsah">Portály</a>: <a href="/wiki/Port%C3%A1l:Chemie" title="Portál:Chemie">Chemie</a> </div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Citováno z „<a dir="ltr" href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alkaloidy&oldid=24382356">https://cs.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alkaloidy&oldid=24382356</a>“</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/N%C3%A1pov%C4%9Bda:Kategorie" title="Nápověda:Kategorie">Kategorie</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Alkaloidy" title="Kategorie:Alkaloidy">Alkaloidy</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Skryté kategorie: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Monitoring:%C4%8Cl%C3%A1nky_s_identifik%C3%A1torem_NKC" title="Kategorie:Monitoring:Články s identifikátorem NKC">Monitoring:Články s identifikátorem NKC</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Monitoring:%C4%8Cl%C3%A1nky_s_identifik%C3%A1torem_PSH" title="Kategorie:Monitoring:Články s identifikátorem PSH">Monitoring:Články s identifikátorem PSH</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Monitoring:%C4%8Cl%C3%A1nky_s_identifik%C3%A1torem_BNE" title="Kategorie:Monitoring:Články s identifikátorem BNE">Monitoring:Články s identifikátorem BNE</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Monitoring:%C4%8Cl%C3%A1nky_s_identifik%C3%A1torem_BNF" title="Kategorie:Monitoring:Články s identifikátorem BNF">Monitoring:Články s identifikátorem BNF</a></li><li><a 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