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Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BC_%D0%B4%E2%80%99%D0%90%D0%B2%D0%BE,_%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%B4%D0%B5" title="Мем д’Аво, Клод де – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Мем д’Аво, Клод де" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claude_de_Mesmes_d%27Avaux" title="Claude de Mesmes d'Avaux – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Claude de Mesmes d'Avaux" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Claude_de_Mesmes&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Claude de Mesmes">Claude de Mesmes</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">French diplomat (1595–1650)</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output 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vcard" style="width: 22.5em;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn" style="background: #99BADD; color: #000000;"><div class="fn" style="display:inline">Claude de Mesmes</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader">comte d'Avaux</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Claude_de_Mesmes_comte_d%27Avaux_detail.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Detail of the portrait by Anselm van Hulle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Claude_de_Mesmes_comte_d%27Avaux_detail.png/220px-Claude_de_Mesmes_comte_d%27Avaux_detail.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="215" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Claude_de_Mesmes_comte_d%27Avaux_detail.png/330px-Claude_de_Mesmes_comte_d%27Avaux_detail.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/72/Claude_de_Mesmes_comte_d%27Avaux_detail.png 2x" data-file-width="424" data-file-height="414" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Tenure</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left;">1642–1650</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left;">Jean-Jacques de Mesmes, comte d'Avaux</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left;">Jean-Antoine de Mesmes, comte d'Avaux</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left;">1595</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left;">19 November 1650</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Father</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left;">Jean-Jacques II de Mesmes</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mother</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left;">Antoinette de Grossaine</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left;">Diplomat, Superintendent of Finances</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Claude de Mesmes, comte d'Avaux</b> (1595–1650) was a 17th-century French diplomat and public administrator. He was sent in various missions to <a href="/wiki/Venice" title="Venice">Venice</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a> by <a href="/wiki/Cardinal_Richelieu" title="Cardinal Richelieu">Richelieu</a>. </p><p>In 1635 he guided the negotiations of the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Stuhmsdorf" title="Treaty of Stuhmsdorf">Treaty of Stuhmsdorf</a>, which extended the truce between Poland and Sweden. These two countries had fought each other in the <a href="/wiki/Polish-Swedish_War_(1626-1629)" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish-Swedish War (1626-1629)">Polish-Swedish war</a> of 1626–1629, which had ended in a truce rather than a peace. France wanted peace between Poland and Sweden as the Swedes were fighting for France in Germany and the Poles would have menaced their flank. </p><p>In 1638 he negotiated a new alliance between France and Sweden in the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Hamburg_(1638)" title="Treaty of Hamburg (1638)">Treaty of Hamburg</a>. He also was plenipotentiary at the <a href="/wiki/Peace_of_Westphalia" title="Peace of Westphalia">Peace of Westphalia</a> and ended his career as <a href="/wiki/Superintendent_of_Finances" title="Superintendent of Finances">Superintendent of Finances</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Birth_and_origins">Birth and origins</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Claude_de_Mesmes,_comte_d%27Avaux&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Birth and origins"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Claude was born in 1595 as one of five children, three sons and two daughters,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESaint-Simon1910[httpsarchiveorgdetailsmemoiresdesaints22sainpage222_222]_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESaint-Simon1910[httpsarchiveorgdetailsmemoiresdesaints22sainpage222_222]-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of Jean-Jacques de Mesmes and his wife Antoinette de Grossaine. His father was knight and seigneur de <a href="/wiki/Roissy-en-France" title="Roissy-en-France">Roissy</a>, numbered Jean-Jacques II de Mesmes in the Paris branch of the family.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoréri1759[httpsarchiveorgdetailsMoreriGdDictHist07bnfpdfpagen501_495,_right_column,_line_33]_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoréri1759[httpsarchiveorgdetailsMoreriGdDictHist07bnfpdfpagen501_495,_right_column,_line_33]-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His mother was a rich heiress, who had brought her husband the seigneuries of <a href="/wiki/Avaux" title="Avaux">Avaux</a>, Irval, Breuil, Besancourt, Bellefontaine, and <a href="/wiki/Vandeuil" title="Vandeuil">Vandeuil</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoréri1759[httpsarchiveorgdetailsMoreriGdDictHist07bnfpdfpagen501_495,_right_column,_line_44]_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoréri1759[httpsarchiveorgdetailsMoreriGdDictHist07bnfpdfpagen501_495,_right_column,_line_44]-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="collapsible expanded" style="margin: 0.3em 0 0.3em 1em; float:right; clear:right; min-width:auto; width:auto; font-size:85%; border:1px solid #aaa"> <tbody><tr> <th style="padding:0.2em 0.3em 0.2em 4.3em;background:none; color: inherit; width:auto">Family tree </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center"> <table style="border-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: separate; clear: both; font-size: 90%; width: 34em;"> <tbody><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;border: 0 solid white; text-align: left;">Claude de Mesmes with his parents and other selected relatives. He never married.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> </tbody></table> <table style="border-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: separate; font-size: 85%;"> <tbody><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;border-width: 1px; border-radius: 0.5em;"><b>Henri</b><br />1532–1590</td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;border-width: 1px; border-radius: 0.5em;"><b>Jeanne<br />Hennequin</b></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;border-width: 1px; border-radius: 0.5em; background: lavender;"><b>Jean-<br />Jacques</b><br />1560–1642</td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;border-width: 1px; border-radius: 0.5em;"><b>Antoinette<br />de<br />Grossaine</b></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;border-width: 1px; border-radius: 0.5em;"><b>Henri</b><br />1585–1650<br />President</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;border: 2px solid red; border-radius: 0.5em; background: lavender;"><b>Claude</b><br />1595–1650</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;border-width: 1px; border-radius: 0.5em; background: lavender;"><b>Jean-<br />Antoine</b><br />1598–1673<br />President</td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;border-width: 1px; border-radius: 0.5em;"><b>Anne<br />Courtin</b></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;border-width: 1px; border-radius: 0.5em; background: lavender;"><a href="/wiki/Jean-Jacques_de_Mesmes" title="Jean-Jacques de Mesmes"><b>Jean-<br />Jacques</b></a><br />1630–1688<br />President</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;border-width: 1px; border-radius: 0.5em;"><b>Henri</b><br />d. 1658<br /><a href="/wiki/Commendatory_abbot" title="Commendatory abbot">cmd. Abbot</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;border-width: 1px; border-radius: 0.5em;"><b>Claude</b><br />d. 1671<br />Knt. of<br />Malta</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;border-width: 1px; border-radius: 0.5em;"><a href="/wiki/Jean-Antoine_de_Mesmes_(diplomat)" title="Jean-Antoine de Mesmes (diplomat)"><b>Jean-<br />Antoine</b></a><br />1640–1709<br />Diplomat</td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;border-width: 1px; border-radius: 0.5em; background: lavender;"><a href="/wiki/Jean-Antoine_de_Mesmes_(premier_pr%C3%A9sident)" title="Jean-Antoine de Mesmes (premier président)"><b>Jean-<br />Antoine</b></a><br />1661–1723<br />1er<br />President</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;border-width: 1px; border-radius: 0.5em;"><b>Henri</b><br />1666–1721<br /><a href="/wiki/Commendatory_abbot" title="Commendatory abbot">Cmd.<br />Abbot</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;border-width: 1px; border-radius: 0.5em;"><b>Marie-<br />Thérèse</b><br />b. 1668</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;border-width: 1px; border-radius: 0.5em; background: lavender"><b>Jean-<br />Jacques</b><br />1675–1741<br />Knt. of<br />Malta</td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> </tbody></table> <table style="border-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: separate; clear: both;"> <tbody><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;border: 0 solid white;"><b>Legend</b></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> </tbody></table> <table style="border-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: separate; clear: both;"> <tbody><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;border: 2px solid red; border-radius: 0.5em; color: white;">XXX</td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;border: 0 solid white; text-align: left;">Subject of<br />the article</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background: lavender; border-radius: 0.5em; border-width: 1px; color: lavender;">XXX</td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;border: 0 solid white;">Comtes<br />d'Avaux</td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>He appears below among his brothers as the second son: </p> <ol><li>Henri (1585–1650), who was numbered Henri II de Mesmes and became <i><a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%A9sident_%C3%A0_mortier" title="Président à mortier">président à mortier</a></i> at the <a href="/wiki/Parlement" title="Parlement">parlement</a> of Paris<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESaint-Simon1910[httpsarchiveorgdetailsmemoiresdesaints22sainpage223_223]_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESaint-Simon1910[httpsarchiveorgdetailsmemoiresdesaints22sainpage223_223]-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Claude</b> (1595–1650)</li> <li>Jean-Antoine (1598–1673), who inherited Henri's office of président à mortier and was the only one of the brothers that fathered sons<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoréri1759[httpsarchiveorgdetailsMoreriGdDictHist07bnfpdfpagen501_495,_right_column,_bottom]_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoréri1759[httpsarchiveorgdetailsMoreriGdDictHist07bnfpdfpagen501_495,_right_column,_bottom]-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ol> <p>His sisters were Jeanne and Judith: </p> <ol><li>Jeanne, who married François Lambert d'Herbigny</li> <li>Judith, who married <a href="/w/index.php?title=Antoine_Maximilien_de_Bellefori%C3%A8re&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antoine Maximilien de Belleforière (page does not exist)">Antoine Maximilien de Belleforière</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antoine_Maximilien_de_Bellefori%C3%A8re" class="extiw" title="fr:Antoine Maximilien de Belleforière">fr</a>]</span><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELa_Chesnaye_des_Bois1863[httpsarchiveorgdetailsdictionnairedela02aubepagen435_859,_line_37]_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELa_Chesnaye_des_Bois1863[httpsarchiveorgdetailsdictionnairedela02aubepagen435_859,_line_37]-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ol> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Arms_of_Claude_de_Mesmes_comte_d%27Avaux_engraved_by_Paulus_Pontius.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Arms_of_Claude_de_Mesmes_comte_d%27Avaux_engraved_by_Paulus_Pontius.png/220px-Arms_of_Claude_de_Mesmes_comte_d%27Avaux_engraved_by_Paulus_Pontius.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="266" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Arms_of_Claude_de_Mesmes_comte_d%27Avaux_engraved_by_Paulus_Pontius.png/330px-Arms_of_Claude_de_Mesmes_comte_d%27Avaux_engraved_by_Paulus_Pontius.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/06/Arms_of_Claude_de_Mesmes_comte_d%27Avaux_engraved_by_Paulus_Pontius.png 2x" data-file-width="372" data-file-height="449" /></a><figcaption>The coat of arms of the comtes d'Avaux, detail from the portrait by Anselm van Hulle<sup id="cite_ref-Stippled_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stippled-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Arms_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Arms-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Judicial_and_administrative_career">Judicial and administrative career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Claude_de_Mesmes,_comte_d%27Avaux&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Judicial and administrative career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>He followed his elder brother Henri by starting a career at the parlement of Paris. He became <a href="/wiki/Ma%C3%AEtre_des_requ%C3%AAtes" class="mw-redirect" title="Maître des requêtes">maître des requêtes</a> and then, in 1623, conseiller d'état.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoréri1759[httpsarchiveorgdetailsMoreriGdDictHist07bnfpdfpagen501_496,_right_column]_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoréri1759[httpsarchiveorgdetailsMoreriGdDictHist07bnfpdfpagen501_496,_right_column]-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Comte_d'Avaux"><span id="Comte_d.27Avaux"></span>Comte d'Avaux</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Claude_de_Mesmes,_comte_d%27Avaux&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Comte d'Avaux"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In January 1638 <a href="/wiki/Louis_XIII_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis XIII of France">Louis XIII</a> raised the seigneurie of <a href="/wiki/Avaux" title="Avaux">Avaux</a> to a <i>comté</i> for him and his father. However, the act was only registered in 1648.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELa_Chesnaye_des_Bois1863[httpsarchiveorgdetailsdictionnairedela02aubepagen61_108,_line_10]_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELa_Chesnaye_des_Bois1863[httpsarchiveorgdetailsdictionnairedela02aubepagen61_108,_line_10]-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Strictly speaking, Claude de Mesmes therefore became comte d'Avaux only late in his life, in 1648, whereas his father never became count as he died in 1642, well before the registration date. However, Claude de Mesmes used the title immediately in 1638 for his negotiations in Hamburg. Surely that was what the king intended. In the French version of the Treaty of Hamburg, he writes <i>Nous, Claude de Mesmes, Comte d'Avaux, Conseiller d'Etat</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDumont1728[httpsarchiveorgdetailscorpsuniverseldi06dumopagen197_161]_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDumont1728[httpsarchiveorgdetailscorpsuniverseldi06dumopagen197_161]-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> whereas in the Treaty of Stuhmdorf of 1635, he still was only <i>Dominus de Avaux</i> (Seigneur d'Avaux).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDumont1728[httpsarchiveorgdetailscorpsuniverseldi06dumopagen151_115,_right_column,_middle]_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDumont1728[httpsarchiveorgdetailscorpsuniverseldi06dumopagen151_115,_right_column,_middle]-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWicquefort1745[httpsarchiveorgdetailslhistoiredesprov02wicqpage674_674]_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWicquefort1745[httpsarchiveorgdetailslhistoiredesprov02wicqpage674_674]-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Claude de Mesmes was the second comte d'Avaux according to the numbering found in Boulliot,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBoulliot1830[httpsarchiveorgdetailsbub_gb_I1iF5lcyXDMCpagen279_258,_footnote]_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBoulliot1830[httpsarchiveorgdetailsbub_gb_I1iF5lcyXDMCpagen279_258,_footnote]-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> so his father seems to have been accepted and counted as the first comte d'Avaux. </p><p>His portrait by <a href="/wiki/Anselm_van_Hulle" title="Anselm van Hulle">Anselm van Hulle</a> is adorned with his coat of arms. The <a href="/wiki/Escutcheon_(heraldry)" title="Escutcheon (heraldry)">escutcheon</a> is surmounted by the coronet of a French count. By error, as it seems, the coronet has seven rather than the usual nine balls. The escutcheon is quartered. First quarter: Or crescent sable (for Mesmes). Second and third quarter: argent two lions passant gules (for <a href="/wiki/Bigorre" title="Bigorre">Bigorre</a>). Fourth quarter: Or, chief gules, base azure waved, charge mullet sable (for Lassus in Guyenne).<sup id="cite_ref-Stippled_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stippled-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Arms_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Arms-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A red <a href="/wiki/Label_(heraldry)" title="Label (heraldry)">label</a> with three pendants appears on the head of the escutcheon. This label would have been needed before his father's death, in 1642, to indicate that he was a cadet and his father was the count. However, the date on the engraving is 1648. This seems another error. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Order_of_the_Holy_Spirit">Order of the Holy Spirit</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Claude_de_Mesmes,_comte_d%27Avaux&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Order of the Holy Spirit"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 5 April 1637 Claude de Mesmes became <i>greffier</i> (secretary) of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Holy_Spirit" title="Order of the Holy Spirit">Order of the Holy Spirit</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAnselme1733[httpsarchiveorgdetailshistoiregnalogiq09ansepagen342_333]_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnselme1733[httpsarchiveorgdetailshistoiregnalogiq09ansepagen342_333]-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This office allowed him to wear the <i>cordon bleu</i>, which is the blue sash shown on his portraits. The offices of this order are often passed on in families, but Claude de Mesmes (now d'Avaux) sold his in 1643 to Noël de Bullion, sieur de Bonnelles.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESaint-Simon1895[httpsarchiveorgdetailsmemoiresdesaints11sainpage202_202]_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESaint-Simon1895[httpsarchiveorgdetailsmemoiresdesaints11sainpage202_202]-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Father's_death_and_partition"><span id="Father.27s_death_and_partition"></span>Father's death and partition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Claude_de_Mesmes,_comte_d%27Avaux&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Father's death and partition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>His father decided to share his possessions between his three sons. At the father's death, in 1642, Henri inherited Roissy, the traditional main seat of the family and the family's townhouse in Paris. Claude, our subject here, inherited Avaux and with it the title of comte d'Avaux. Jean-Antoine, the youngest brother, inherited Irval and probably Vandeuil, which is the village next to Irval Castle. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Anselmus-van-Hulle-Hommes-illustres_MG_0471.tif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Anselmus-van-Hulle-Hommes-illustres_MG_0471.tif/lossy-page1-220px-Anselmus-van-Hulle-Hommes-illustres_MG_0471.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="338" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Anselmus-van-Hulle-Hommes-illustres_MG_0471.tif/lossy-page1-330px-Anselmus-van-Hulle-Hommes-illustres_MG_0471.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Anselmus-van-Hulle-Hommes-illustres_MG_0471.tif/lossy-page1-440px-Anselmus-van-Hulle-Hommes-illustres_MG_0471.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3341" data-file-height="5139" /></a><figcaption>Claude de Mesmes painted by <a href="/wiki/Anselm_van_Hulle" title="Anselm van Hulle">Anselm van Hulle</a> and engraved by <a href="/wiki/Paulus_Pontius" title="Paulus Pontius">Paulus Pontius</a> in 1648. Note the <i>cordon bleu</i>, worn as a sash over the right shoulder, and the cross of the Order of the Holy Spirit.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Diplomatic_career">Diplomatic career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Claude_de_Mesmes,_comte_d%27Avaux&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Diplomatic career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As diplomat Claude de Mesmes first served under <a href="/wiki/Cardinal_Richelieu" title="Cardinal Richelieu">Cardinal Richelieu</a>, the first minister of <a href="/wiki/Louis_XII_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis XII of France">Louis XIII</a>, and then under <a href="/wiki/Cardinal_Mazarin" title="Cardinal Mazarin">Cardinal Mazarin</a>, who took over as first minister from Richelieu in 1642. He was sent to Italy and then into northern Europe: Poland, Denmark and Sweden.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoréri1759[httpsarchiveorgdetailsMoreriGdDictHist07bnfpdfpagen501_496,_right_column,_bottom]_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoréri1759[httpsarchiveorgdetailsMoreriGdDictHist07bnfpdfpagen501_496,_right_column,_bottom]-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Finally, he participated in the negotiations for the <a href="/wiki/Peace_of_Westphalia" title="Peace of Westphalia">Peace of Westphalia</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Italy">Italy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Claude_de_Mesmes,_comte_d%27Avaux&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Italy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Claude de Mesmes's first major post was French ambassador to <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Venice" title="Republic of Venice">Venice</a>, where he arrived in 1627, just one year before the outbreak of the <a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Mantuan_Succession" title="War of the Mantuan Succession">War of the Mantuan Succession</a> (1628–1631), which was triggered by the death of <a href="/wiki/Vincenzo_II_Gonzaga,_Duke_of_Mantua" title="Vincenzo II Gonzaga, Duke of Mantua">Vincenzo II</a>, the last male of the Mantuan <a href="/wiki/House_of_Gonzaga" title="House of Gonzaga">Gonzaga</a> line. Several candidates contended the succession. The emperor supported <a href="/wiki/Charles_Emmanuel_I,_Duke_of_Savoy" title="Charles Emmanuel I, Duke of Savoy">Charles Emmanuel I, Duke of Savoy</a>, whereas France and Venice supported <a href="/wiki/Charles_I,_Duke_of_Mantua" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles I, Duke of Mantua">Charles Gonzaga, duc de Nevers</a>. In 1629 an Imperial army beleaguered and took Mantua, but the troops were soon recalled to Germany to fight in the <a href="/wiki/Thirty_Years%27_War" title="Thirty Years' War">Thirty Years' War</a> (1618–1648). France therefore prevailed and the duc de Nevers acceded to the ducal throne of Mantua. </p><p>Claude de Mesmes did not hesitate to spend money to enhance the prestige of France and his king: in October 1628 he celebrated the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_La_Rochelle" title="Siege of La Rochelle">capture of La Rochelle</a> by feasts and firework in Venice.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBoppe1887[httpsarchiveorgdetailscorrespondancei00boppgoogpagen34_XXXIII]_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBoppe1887[httpsarchiveorgdetailscorrespondancei00boppgoogpagen34_XXXIII]-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After Venice he was sent to Rome, Mantua, Florence and Turin. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Treaty_of_Stuhmsdorf">Treaty of Stuhmsdorf</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Claude_de_Mesmes,_comte_d%27Avaux&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Treaty of Stuhmsdorf"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the later phase of the Thirty Years' War, France was allied with Sweden. Richelieu feared that the Polish menace on their left flank would distract the Swedes from fighting the emperor in Germany. The <a href="/wiki/Polish-Swedish_War_(1626-1629)" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish-Swedish War (1626-1629)">Polish-Swedish war of 1626–1629</a> had ended with the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Altmark" class="mw-redirect" title="Treaty of Altmark">truce signed at Altmark</a> after the Swedish defeat at <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Trzciana" title="Battle of Trzciana">Honigfelde</a>. This truce was to expire in July 1635<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFowler1656141_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFowler1656141-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the new Polish king, <a href="/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_IV_Vasa" title="Władysław IV Vasa">Władysław IV Vasa</a>, seemed poised to resume the war.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPulaskiTomkiewicz1937[httpsgallicabnffrark12148bpt6k5459569vf29_xviii]_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPulaskiTomkiewicz1937[httpsgallicabnffrark12148bpt6k5459569vf29_xviii]-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>To ensure a timely renewal of the truce, Richelieu sent Claude de Mesmes to Poland as a mediator. The French delegation left Paris on 11 July 1634. Claude de Mesmes was accompanied among others by his secretary <a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Ogier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Ogier (page does not exist)">Charles Ogier</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Ogier" class="extiw" title="fr:Charles Ogier">fr</a>]</span>, who kept a diary. Avoiding war-torn Germany, the delegation travelled via Denmark and Sweden. On the way Claude de Mesmes stopped in Copenhagen in 1634 to represent France at the wedding of crown prince <a href="/wiki/Christian,_Prince_Elect_of_Denmark" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian, Prince Elect of Denmark">Christian</a> with <a href="/wiki/Magdalene_Sibylle_of_Saxony" title="Magdalene Sibylle of Saxony">Magdalene Sibylle of Saxony</a>. While in Copenhagen they received the news of the Swedish <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_N%C3%B6rdlingen_(1634)" title="Battle of Nördlingen (1634)">defeat at Nördlingen</a> on 27 August (old style), which further weakened Sweden's position. From Denmark the delegation travelled to Sweden where they passed the winter and met officials in Stockholm. They arrived in Dantzig (now <a href="/wiki/Gda%C5%84sk" title="Gdańsk">Gdańsk</a>) on 17 May 1635<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOgier1656[httpsarchiveorgdetailscaroliogeriieph00ogiegoogpagen310_259]_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOgier1656[httpsarchiveorgdetailscaroliogeriieph00ogiegoogpagen310_259]-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and proceeded to Marienburg (now <a href="/wiki/Malbork" title="Malbork">Malbork</a>) where they took up quarters in the <a href="/wiki/Malbork_Castle" title="Malbork Castle">castle</a>. </p><p>The French delegation arrived late. The negotiations had started on 24 January in the church of the small town of Holland (now <a href="/wiki/Pas%C5%82%C4%99k" title="Pasłęk">Pasłęk</a>) in <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Prussia" title="Duchy of Prussia">Ducal Prussia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>e<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Brandenburger delegation, which was mediating, stayed in that town. The Polish delegation (in fact the one representing the <a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Commonwealth" title="Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth">Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth</a>) stayed at Mohrungen (now <a href="/wiki/Mor%C4%85g" title="Morąg">Morąg</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFowler1656142,_line_26_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFowler1656142,_line_26-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Brandenburg was represented by Siegmund of Brandenburg, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Andreas_von_Kreytzen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andreas von Kreytzen (page does not exist)">Andreas von Kreytzen</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andreas_von_Kreytzen" class="extiw" title="de:Andreas von Kreytzen">de</a>]</span>, and Peter Bergmann. Siegmund of Brandenburg was a cousin of the ruling elector <a href="/wiki/George_William,_Elector_of_Brandenburg" title="George William, Elector of Brandenburg">George William</a>. The Polish delegation was led by the <a href="/wiki/Chancellor_(Poland)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chancellor (Poland)">great chancellor of the crown</a> <a href="/wiki/Jakub_Zadzik" title="Jakub Zadzik">Jakub Zadzik</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Magnate" title="Magnate">magnate</a> <a href="/wiki/Rafa%C5%82_Leszczy%C5%84ski_(1579%E2%80%931636)" title="Rafał Leszczyński (1579–1636)">Rafał Leszczyński</a> also was part of the Polish delegation. He wanted peace but mainly for religious reasons as he was a Calvinist. The Swedish delegation stayed in Elbing (now <a href="/wiki/Elbl%C4%85g" title="Elbląg">Elbląg</a>), 30 km to the north-west, which was the seat of the Swedish authorities in Prussia. It was led by <a href="/wiki/Per_Brahe_the_Younger" title="Per Brahe the Younger">Count Brahe</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBain1910[[:s:1911_Encyclopædia_Britannica/Brahe,_Per|377]]_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBain1910[[:s:1911_Encyclopædia_Britannica/Brahe,_Per|377]]-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The English delegation arrived some weeks late and participated in the talks from the 5th of February on.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFowler1656142,_line_33_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFowler1656142,_line_33-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was led by Sir George Douglas of Mordington (died 1636),<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFowler1656216_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFowler1656216-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who was assisted by Francis Gordon (died 1643), the English agent at Dantzig. The negotiations at Holland soon stalled. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Marienburg-Hochschloss-160427-008a.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Marienburg-Hochschloss-160427-008a.jpg/220px-Marienburg-Hochschloss-160427-008a.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Marienburg-Hochschloss-160427-008a.jpg/330px-Marienburg-Hochschloss-160427-008a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Marienburg-Hochschloss-160427-008a.jpg/440px-Marienburg-Hochschloss-160427-008a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5101" data-file-height="3226" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Malbork_Castle" title="Malbork Castle">Marienburg Castle</a> where d'Avaux stayed during the negotiations for the Treaty of Stuhmsdorf.</figcaption></figure> <p>However, King Władysław asked Douglas and Bergmann to make another attempt in which the French delegation participated. The negotiations restarted on 28 May at Stuhmsdorf (now <a href="/wiki/Sztumska_Wie%C5%9B" title="Sztumska Wieś">Sztumska Wieś</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPauli1763[httpsarchiveorgdetailsallgemeinepreusz04pauluoftpage590_590]_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPauli1763[httpsarchiveorgdetailsallgemeinepreusz04pauluoftpage590_590]-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The delegations moved to new quarters. The Polish delegation moved to Marienwerder (now <a href="/wiki/Kwidzyn" title="Kwidzyn">Kwidzyn</a>), where they stayed in the <a href="/wiki/Kwidzyn_Castle" title="Kwidzyn Castle">castle</a>. The Swedish delegation moved to Jonasdorf (also called Johannsdorf and now <a href="/wiki/Jan%C3%B3wka,_Pomeranian_Voivodeship" title="Janówka, Pomeranian Voivodeship">Janówka</a>) to the north-east of Marienburg. The mediators stayed in Marienburg Castle. Stuhmsdorf was chosen as the meeting-place because it was about equidistant between Marienwerder and Jonasdorf.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFowler1656[httpdownloadsitoxacukota-publictcpTexts-HTMLfreeA40A40104html_154]_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFowler1656[httpdownloadsitoxacukota-publictcpTexts-HTMLfreeA40A40104html_154]-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGeijer1832[httpsarchiveorgdetailsgeschichteschwe02geijgoogpagen308_298]_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGeijer1832[httpsarchiveorgdetailsgeschichteschwe02geijgoogpagen308_298]-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The negotiations led to the signing of the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Stuhmsdorf" title="Treaty of Stuhmsdorf">Treaty of Stuhmsdorf</a> on 2 September 1635 (old style).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBain1908[httpsarchiveorgdetailsslavoniceuropea01baingoogpagen206_199]_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBain1908[httpsarchiveorgdetailsslavoniceuropea01baingoogpagen206_199]-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Renewals_of_the_alliance_with_Sweden">Renewals of the alliance with Sweden</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Claude_de_Mesmes,_comte_d%27Avaux&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Renewals of the alliance with Sweden"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Portrait_of_Claude_de_mesmes.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Portrait_of_Claude_de_mesmes.jpg/220px-Portrait_of_Claude_de_mesmes.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="299" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Portrait_of_Claude_de_mesmes.jpg/330px-Portrait_of_Claude_de_mesmes.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Portrait_of_Claude_de_mesmes.jpg/440px-Portrait_of_Claude_de_mesmes.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1482" data-file-height="2016" /></a><figcaption>Portrait by <a href="/wiki/Balthasar_Moncornet" title="Balthasar Moncornet">Balthasar Moncornet</a></figcaption></figure> <p>France supported Sweden almost right from the beginning of the Swedish intervention in the Thirty Years' War, which started in earnest with <a href="/wiki/Gustavus_Adolphus_of_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden">Gustavus Adolphus</a>'s invasion of <a href="/wiki/Pomerania" title="Pomerania">Pomerania</a> in 1630. In the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_B%C3%A4rwalde" title="Treaty of Bärwalde">Treaty of Bärwalde</a> in 1631 France promised a subvention of 1,000,000 <a href="/wiki/French_livre" title="French livre">livres</a> (400,000 Riksdaler) per year to the Swedish army. </p><p>Richelieu sent d'Avaux (as he was called now) to Hamburg in 1638 to negotiate a new alliance with <a href="/wiki/Johan_Adler_Salvius" title="Johan Adler Salvius">Johan Adler Salvius</a>, sent by <a href="/wiki/Christina,_Queen_of_Sweden" title="Christina, Queen of Sweden">Queen Christina</a>. The negotiations led to the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Hamburg_(1638)" title="Treaty of Hamburg (1638)">Treaty of Hamburg</a>, signed on 15 March 1638, an extension of the alliance between France and Sweden for three year.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERichelieu1823[httpsarchiveorgdetailsbub_gb_61CVmDkTz1wCpagen243_240]_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERichelieu1823[httpsarchiveorgdetailsbub_gb_61CVmDkTz1wCpagen243_240]-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This alliance was again renewed in 1641.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGeijer1832[httpsarchiveorgdetailsgeschichteschwe02geijgoogpagen322_312]_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGeijer1832[httpsarchiveorgdetailsgeschichteschwe02geijgoogpagen322_312]-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Peace_of_Westphalia">Peace of Westphalia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Claude_de_Mesmes,_comte_d%27Avaux&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Peace of Westphalia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1642 Richelieu died and Mazarin took over as chief minister. D'Avaux's relationship with Mazarin was difficult as he was considered part of the previous administration. In 1643 he was sent to Germany to take part in the lengthy negotiations that eventually led to the <a href="/wiki/Peace_of_Westphalia" title="Peace of Westphalia">Peace of Westphalia</a>, which ended the <a href="/wiki/Thirty_Years%27_War" title="Thirty Years' War">Thirty Years' War</a>. In 1644 the official negotiations started in <a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCnster" title="Münster">Münster</a> where the Catholic delegations resided. The French delegation was led by the <a href="/wiki/Henri_II_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans,_Duke_of_Longueville" title="Henri II d'Orléans, Duke of Longueville">duc de Longueville</a>, and comprised <a href="/wiki/Anne-Genevi%C3%A8ve_de_Bourbon-Cond%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Anne-Geneviève de Bourbon-Condé">Anne-Geneviève de Bourbon-Condé</a>, the leader's wife, d'Avaux, and <a href="/wiki/Abel_Servien" title="Abel Servien">Abel Servien</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETellier1987[httpsbooksgooglecombooksid7-vFKDLGHh8CpgPA69_69,_line_4]_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETellier1987[httpsbooksgooglecombooksid7-vFKDLGHh8CpgPA69_69,_line_4]-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> D'Avaux, who was more conciliatory, repeatedly clashed with Abel Servien, who was more demanding and had been dubbed "l'ange exterminateur de la paix" (the peace-killing angel) by the negotiators.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETellier1987[httpsbooksgooglecombooksid7-vFKDLGHh8CpgPA69_69,_line_15]_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETellier1987[httpsbooksgooglecombooksid7-vFKDLGHh8CpgPA69_69,_line_15]-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> D'Avaux was finally excluded from the negotiations.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDezobryBachelet1869[httpsarchiveorgdetailsb24873512_0001page185_185]_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDezobryBachelet1869[httpsarchiveorgdetailsb24873512_0001page185_185]-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Townhouse">Townhouse</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Claude_de_Mesmes,_comte_d%27Avaux&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Townhouse"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Between 1644 and 1650 d'Avaux built himself a new stylish townhouse in the <a href="/wiki/Le_Marais" class="mw-redirect" title="Le Marais">Marais</a> quarter of Paris. It was designed by <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Le_Muet" title="Pierre Le Muet">Pierre Le Muet</a>. The present address is 71 rue du Temple, but in his time this plot was in rue Sainte-Avoye.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPiganiol_de_La_Force1765[httpsarchiveorgdetailsbub_gb_nQNpE5fR5eUCpagen364_326]_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPiganiol_de_La_Force1765[httpsarchiveorgdetailsbub_gb_nQNpE5fR5eUCpagen364_326]-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This mansion stayed in the family until 1688, when it was sold to <a href="/wiki/Paul_de_Beauvilliers,_2nd_duc_de_Saint-Aignan" title="Paul de Beauvilliers, 2nd duc de Saint-Aignan">Paul de Beauvilliers</a>, the future 2nd duc of St Aignan for 153,000 livres.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELe_Moel1977[httpswwwperseefrdocsimon_0409-8846_1977_num_5_1_949_76]_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELe_Moel1977[httpswwwperseefrdocsimon_0409-8846_1977_num_5_1_949_76]-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It therefore became known as the <a href="/wiki/H%C3%B4tel_de_Saint-Aignan" title="Hôtel de Saint-Aignan">Hôtel de Saint-Aignan</a>. This house must not be confused with the Hôtel de Mesmes, which stood almost opposite to it on the other side of the same street.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPiganiol_de_La_Force1765[httpsarchiveorgdetailsbub_gb_nQNpE5fR5eUCpagen364_325]_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPiganiol_de_La_Force1765[httpsarchiveorgdetailsbub_gb_nQNpE5fR5eUCpagen364_325]-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His elder brother Henri lived in the Hôtel de Mesmes. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Later_life,_death,_and_timeline"><span id="Later_life.2C_death.2C_and_timeline"></span>Later life, death, and timeline</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Claude_de_Mesmes,_comte_d%27Avaux&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Later life, death, and timeline"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although the dispute with Servien damaged his reputation, d'Avaux ended his career as a member of the high Council of the Realm and superintendent of finances<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELa_Chesnaye_des_Bois1868[httpsarchiveorgdetailsdictionnairedela13aubepage377_754]_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELa_Chesnaye_des_Bois1868[httpsarchiveorgdetailsdictionnairedela13aubepage377_754]-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (1649–1650). His nephew <a href="/wiki/Jean-Antoine_de_Mesmes_(diplomat)" title="Jean-Antoine de Mesmes (diplomat)">Jean-Antoine (died 1709)</a> was to follow in his footsteps and become the other famous diplomat of the family. </p><p>D'Avaux died on 19 November 1650. He had never married. At his death, the title and most of the lands passed to Jean-Antoine (Jean-Antoine I de Mesmes), his younger brother, because Henri, his elder brother, had died some months before him, also in 1650, and left no male heir.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESaint-Simon1910[httpsarchiveorgdetailsmemoiresdesaints22sainpage224_225,_line_10]_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESaint-Simon1910[httpsarchiveorgdetailsmemoiresdesaints22sainpage224_225,_line_10]-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>f<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jean-Antoine also inherited his elder brother Henri's charge as <i>président à mortier</i> of the Parlement of Paris.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoréri1759[httpsarchiveorgdetailsMoreriGdDictHist07bnfpdfpagen501_496,_left_column,_line_48]_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoréri1759[httpsarchiveorgdetailsMoreriGdDictHist07bnfpdfpagen501_496,_left_column,_line_48]-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESaint-Simon1910[httpsarchiveorgdetailsmemoiresdesaints22sainpage224_225,_line_13]_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESaint-Simon1910[httpsarchiveorgdetailsmemoiresdesaints22sainpage224_225,_line_13]-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3">Timeline </th></tr> <tr> <th align="left">Age</th> <th align="left">Date</th> <th align="left">Event </th></tr> <tr> <td>0</td> <td>1595</td> <td>Born the second son of Jean-Jacques de Mesmes. </td></tr> <tr> <td>27–28</td> <td>1623, 7 Aug</td> <td>Sworn in as Conseiller d'État.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoréri1759[httpsarchiveorgdetailsMoreriGdDictHist07bnfpdfpagen501_496,_right_column]_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoréri1759[httpsarchiveorgdetailsMoreriGdDictHist07bnfpdfpagen501_496,_right_column]-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>31–32</td> <td>1627</td> <td>Appointed ambassador to <a href="/wiki/Venice" title="Venice">Venice</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td>32–33</td> <td>1628, Oct</td> <td>Celebrated the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_La_Rochelle" title="Siege of La Rochelle">capture of La Rochelle</a> in Venice.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBoppe1887[httpsarchiveorgdetailscorrespondancei00boppgoogpagen34_XXXIII]_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBoppe1887[httpsarchiveorgdetailscorrespondancei00boppgoogpagen34_XXXIII]-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>39–40</td> <td>1635, 2 Sep</td> <td>Signed the Treaty of Stuhmsdorf (old-style date).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBain1908[httpsarchiveorgdetailsslavoniceuropea01baingoogpagen206_199]_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBain1908[httpsarchiveorgdetailsslavoniceuropea01baingoogpagen206_199]-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>41–42</td> <td>1637, 5 April</td> <td>Became greffier of the Order of the Holy Spirit.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAnselme1733[httpsarchiveorgdetailshistoiregnalogiq09ansepagen342_333]_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnselme1733[httpsarchiveorgdetailshistoiregnalogiq09ansepagen342_333]-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>42–43</td> <td>1638, Jan</td> <td>Father created comte d'Avaux by Louis XIII.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELa_Chesnaye_des_Bois1863[httpsarchiveorgdetailsdictionnairedela02aubepagen61_108,_line_10]_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELa_Chesnaye_des_Bois1863[httpsarchiveorgdetailsdictionnairedela02aubepagen61_108,_line_10]-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>42–43</td> <td>1638, 15 Mar</td> <td>Signed the Treaty of Hamburg.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERichelieu1823[httpsarchiveorgdetailsbub_gb_61CVmDkTz1wCpagen243_240]_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERichelieu1823[httpsarchiveorgdetailsbub_gb_61CVmDkTz1wCpagen243_240]-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>46–47</td> <td>1642, Oct</td> <td>Succeeded his father (Jean-Jacques II de Mesmes) as comte d'Avaux. </td></tr> <tr> <td>46–47</td> <td>1642, 4 Dec</td> <td>Richelieu died. </td></tr> <tr> <td>47–48</td> <td><i>1643, 14 May</i></td> <td><i>Death of <a href="/wiki/Louis_XIII" title="Louis XIII">Louis XIII</a>; Regency until the majority of <a href="/wiki/Louis_XIV" title="Louis XIV">Louis XIV</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoubert1984[httpsarchiveorgdetailsinitiationalhist0000goubpage399_399,_line_5]_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoubert1984[httpsarchiveorgdetailsinitiationalhist0000goubpage399_399,_line_5]-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>47–48</td> <td>1643</td> <td>Sold his charge as greffier of the Order of the Holy Spirit.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESaint-Simon1895[httpsarchiveorgdetailsmemoiresdesaints11sainpage202_202]_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESaint-Simon1895[httpsarchiveorgdetailsmemoiresdesaints11sainpage202_202]-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>48–49</td> <td>1644</td> <td>Started to build a townhouse in Paris, now called the Hôtel de Saint-Aignan. </td></tr> <tr> <td>52–53</td> <td>1648, 4 Aug</td> <td>The erection of the seigneury of Avaux to a comté was finally registered. </td></tr> <tr> <td>53–54</td> <td>1649</td> <td>Appointed superintendent of finances. </td></tr> <tr> <td>54–55</td> <td>1650, summer</td> <td>Elder brother (Henri II de Mesmes) died. </td></tr> <tr> <td>54–55</td> <td>1650, 19 Nov</td> <td>Died having never married<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESaint-Simon1910[httpsarchiveorgdetailsmemoiresdesaints22sainpage224_225,_line_10]_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESaint-Simon1910[httpsarchiveorgdetailsmemoiresdesaints22sainpage224_225,_line_10]-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_and_references">Notes and references</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Claude_de_Mesmes,_comte_d%27Avaux&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Notes and references"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Claude_de_Mesmes,_comte_d%27Avaux&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Also see the list of siblings in the text.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stippled-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Stippled_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stippled_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">The background of the fourth quarter should have been stippled, indicating Or, according to the heraldic convention.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Arms-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Arms_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Arms_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">The coat of arms has been "<a href="/wiki/Blazon" title="Blazon">blazoned</a>" (described) by Pattou,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lainé,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELainé1819[httpsarchiveorgdetailsbub_gb_TvZGAAAAcAAJpagen269_234]_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELainé1819[httpsarchiveorgdetailsbub_gb_TvZGAAAAcAAJpagen269_234]-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and La Chesnaye des Bois.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELa_Chesnaye_des_Bois1868[httpsarchiveorgdetailsdictionnairedela13aubepage378_756,_line_22]_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELa_Chesnaye_des_Bois1868[httpsarchiveorgdetailsdictionnairedela13aubepage378_756,_line_22]-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The blazonings by Lainé and La Chesnaye des Bois are both marred by a few obvious errors, which are corrected in the blazoning by Pattou.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Latin motto running around the oval frame of the portrait reads: <i>Extremum hunc deus alme mihi concede laborem</i> (Kindly grant me, god, this last work). This is an adaptation of the first sentence of <a href="/wiki/Virgil" title="Virgil">Virgil</a>'s 10th Eclogue, which reads <i>Extremum hunc Arethusa mihi concede laborem</i>. The text in the cartouche beneath the portrait reads <i>Claudius de Mesmes Comes d'Avaux Regii Ordinis Commendator Supremus aerarii Praefectus Regisque Christianissimi ad Pacem publicam Legatus</i> (Claude de Mesmes, comte d' Avaux, officer of the royal order, superintendent of finances, and ambassador of the most christian king to the public peace).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Duchy of Prussia was at that time ruled by <a href="/wiki/George_William,_Elector_of_Brandenburg" title="George William, Elector of Brandenburg">George William, Elector of Brandenburg</a> in personal union being Margrave of Brandenburg in the Empire and Duke of Prussia in Poland</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Indeed Henri's only son Jean-Jacques, born in 1643, had predeceased him at a young age.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoréri1759[httpsarchiveorgdetailsMoreriGdDictHist07bnfpdfpagen501_496,_left_column,_line_32]_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoréri1759[httpsarchiveorgdetailsMoreriGdDictHist07bnfpdfpagen501_496,_left_column,_line_32]-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Claude_de_Mesmes,_comte_d%27Avaux&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESaint-Simon1910[httpsarchiveorgdetailsmemoiresdesaints22sainpage222_222]-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESaint-Simon1910[httpsarchiveorgdetailsmemoiresdesaints22sainpage222_222]_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSaint-Simon1910">Saint-Simon 1910</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/memoiresdesaints22sain/page/222">222</a>=: "... qui fut père de trois fils qui établirent puissamment cette famille, et de deux filles dont l'aîné épousa le sieur Lambert d'Herbigny, maÎtre des requêtes, l'autre Maximilien de Belleforière, qui fut mère du marquis de Soyecourt ..."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoréri1759[httpsarchiveorgdetailsMoreriGdDictHist07bnfpdfpagen501_495,_right_column,_line_33]-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoréri1759[httpsarchiveorgdetailsMoreriGdDictHist07bnfpdfpagen501_495,_right_column,_line_33]_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMoréri1759">Moréri 1759</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/MoreriGdDictHist07bnf.pdf/page/n501">495, right column, line 33</a>. "Jean Jacques de Mesmes, II du nom, chevalier, seigneur de Roissi ..."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoréri1759[httpsarchiveorgdetailsMoreriGdDictHist07bnfpdfpagen501_495,_right_column,_line_44]-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoréri1759[httpsarchiveorgdetailsMoreriGdDictHist07bnfpdfpagen501_495,_right_column,_line_44]_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMoréri1759">Moréri 1759</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/MoreriGdDictHist07bnf.pdf/page/n501">495, right column, line 44</a>. "Il avait épousé, le 28 août 1584, <i>Antoinette</i> de Grossaine, fille unique de <i>Jerôme</i> de Grossaine, seigneur d'Irval, d'Avaux, de Breuil, de Besancourt, & de Bellefontaine, vicomte de Vandeuil ...."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESaint-Simon1910[httpsarchiveorgdetailsmemoiresdesaints22sainpage223_223]-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESaint-Simon1910[httpsarchiveorgdetailsmemoiresdesaints22sainpage223_223]_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSaint-Simon1910">Saint-Simon 1910</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/memoiresdesaints22sain/page/223">223</a>. "Le sieur de Mesmes fut lieutenant civil à Paris, en 1613, et député du tiers état aux derniers états-généraux tenus à Paris, en 1614. Il mourut président à mortier en 1650, et il avait épousé ..."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoréri1759[httpsarchiveorgdetailsMoreriGdDictHist07bnfpdfpagen501_495,_right_column,_bottom]-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoréri1759[httpsarchiveorgdetailsMoreriGdDictHist07bnfpdfpagen501_495,_right_column,_bottom]_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMoréri1759">Moréri 1759</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/MoreriGdDictHist07bnf.pdf/page/n501">495, right column, bottom</a>. "Du mariage de Jean-Jacques de Mesmes sortirent trois fils & deux filles, qui furent Henri, II du nom, chevalier, seigneur de Roissy, qui suit; Claude de Mesmes, chevalier, comte d'Avaux, <i>dont on trouvera un article séparé</i> : & Jean-Antoine de Mesmes, seigneur d'Irval, <i>qui a continué la postérité</i>;"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELa_Chesnaye_des_Bois1863[httpsarchiveorgdetailsdictionnairedela02aubepagen435_859,_line_37]-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELa_Chesnaye_des_Bois1863[httpsarchiveorgdetailsdictionnairedela02aubepagen435_859,_line_37]_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLa_Chesnaye_des_Bois1863">La Chesnaye des Bois 1863</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dictionnairedela02aube/page/n435/">859, line 37</a>. "Il [Maximilien de Belleforière] épousa le 27 Septembre 1618, Judith de Mesmes, morte le 5 mai 1658, fille de Jean-Jacques, conseiller d'état, & d'Antoinette de Grossaines ..."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFPattou" class="citation web cs1">Pattou, Etienne. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://racineshistoire.free.fr/LGN/PDF/de-Mesmes.pdf">"Famille de Mesmes"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 March</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Famille+de+Mesmes&rft.aulast=Pattou&rft.aufirst=Etienne&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fracineshistoire.free.fr%2FLGN%2FPDF%2Fde-Mesmes.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AClaude+de+Mesmes%2C+comte+d%27Avaux" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELainé1819[httpsarchiveorgdetailsbub_gb_TvZGAAAAcAAJpagen269_234]-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELainé1819[httpsarchiveorgdetailsbub_gb_TvZGAAAAcAAJpagen269_234]_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLainé1819">Lainé 1819</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_TvZGAAAAcAAJ/page/n269">234</a>. "<i>Armes:</i> écartelé au 1 d'or, au croissant de sable, qui est de <i>Mesmes</i>; aux 2 et 3 d'argent, à deux lions léopardés de gueules, lampassés et armés d'azur, qui est de Bigorre; au 4 d'or, au croissant de sable, à la champagne ondée d'azur; au chef de gueules, qui est de Lassus."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELa_Chesnaye_des_Bois1868[httpsarchiveorgdetailsdictionnairedela13aubepage378_756,_line_22]-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELa_Chesnaye_des_Bois1868[httpsarchiveorgdetailsdictionnairedela13aubepage378_756,_line_22]_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLa_Chesnaye_des_Bois1868">La Chesnaye des Bois 1868</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dictionnairedela13aube/page/378/">756, line 22</a>. "Les armes: <i>écartelé, au 1. d'or au croissant de sable; aux 2 & 3 d'or, à 2 lions léopardés de geules, armés & lampassés d'azur,</i> qui est de Bigorre, <i>& au 4 d'or à la pointe ondée d'azur, surmontée dúne étoile sable,</i> qui est de Lassuis (Maison des plus illustrés de Guyenne,fondue en 1480, dans celle de Mesmes.)"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoréri1759[httpsarchiveorgdetailsMoreriGdDictHist07bnfpdfpagen501_496,_right_column]-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoréri1759[httpsarchiveorgdetailsMoreriGdDictHist07bnfpdfpagen501_496,_right_column]_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoréri1759[httpsarchiveorgdetailsMoreriGdDictHist07bnfpdfpagen501_496,_right_column]_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMoréri1759">Moréri 1759</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/MoreriGdDictHist07bnf.pdf/page/n501">496, right column</a>. "Il fut depuis maître des requêtes, & conseiller d'état, dont il prêta le serment le 6 août 1623."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELa_Chesnaye_des_Bois1863[httpsarchiveorgdetailsdictionnairedela02aubepagen61_108,_line_10]-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELa_Chesnaye_des_Bois1863[httpsarchiveorgdetailsdictionnairedela02aubepagen61_108,_line_10]_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELa_Chesnaye_des_Bois1863[httpsarchiveorgdetailsdictionnairedela02aubepagen61_108,_line_10]_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLa_Chesnaye_des_Bois1863">La Chesnaye des Bois 1863</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dictionnairedela02aube/page/n61/">108, line 10</a>. "Avaux, en Champagne, diocèse de Reims, Terre & seigneurie érigée en comté par Lettres du mois de Janvier 1638, registrées le 4 Août 1648 en faveur de <i>Jacques de Mesmes</i>, Seigneur de Roissi, Conseiller d'état, & de son second fils <i>Claude de Mesmes</i> ..."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDumont1728[httpsarchiveorgdetailscorpsuniverseldi06dumopagen197_161]-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDumont1728[httpsarchiveorgdetailscorpsuniverseldi06dumopagen197_161]_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDumont1728">Dumont 1728</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/corpsuniverseldi06dumo/page/n197">161</a>. "Nous, Claude de Mesmes, Comte d'Avaux, Conseiller d'Etat, Greffier des Ordres du Roi"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDumont1728[httpsarchiveorgdetailscorpsuniverseldi06dumopagen151_115,_right_column,_middle]-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDumont1728[httpsarchiveorgdetailscorpsuniverseldi06dumopagen151_115,_right_column,_middle]_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDumont1728">Dumont 1728</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/corpsuniverseldi06dumo/page/n151">115, right column, middle</a>. "Domini Ludovici XIII Franciæ & Navarriæ Regis Christianissimi per Illustrissimum Dominum Claudium de Mesmes, Equitem auratum, Dominum de Avaux, Comitem Consistorianum & S. R. Majest. per Septemtrionem extraordinarium Legatum ..."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWicquefort1745[httpsarchiveorgdetailslhistoiredesprov02wicqpage674_674]-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWicquefort1745[httpsarchiveorgdetailslhistoiredesprov02wicqpage674_674]_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWicquefort1745">Wicquefort 1745</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lhistoiredesprov02wicq/page/674">674</a>. "Domini Ludovici XIII Franciae & Navarriae Regis Christianissimi per Illustrissimum Dominum Claudium de Mesmes, Equitem auratum, Dominum de Avaux, Comitem Consistorianum & S. R. Majest. per Septemtrionem extraordinarium Legatum ..."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBoulliot1830[httpsarchiveorgdetailsbub_gb_I1iF5lcyXDMCpagen279_258,_footnote]-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBoulliot1830[httpsarchiveorgdetailsbub_gb_I1iF5lcyXDMCpagen279_258,_footnote]_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBoulliot1830">Boulliot 1830</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_I1iF5lcyXDMC/page/n279">258, footnote</a>. "... Claude de Mesmes, deuxième comte d'Avaux ..."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnselme1733[httpsarchiveorgdetailshistoiregnalogiq09ansepagen342_333]-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAnselme1733[httpsarchiveorgdetailshistoiregnalogiq09ansepagen342_333]_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAnselme1733[httpsarchiveorgdetailshistoiregnalogiq09ansepagen342_333]_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAnselme1733">Anselme 1733</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/histoiregnalogiq09anse/page/n342/">333</a>. "Claude de Mesmes, comte d'Avaux, conseiller d'état, ambassadeur dans toutes les cours d'Italie et du Nord, fut pourvû de la charge de Greffier des Ordres du Roi, par déces de Charles Duret et sur la démission de Charles Duret son fils, par lettres du 5 avril 1637."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESaint-Simon1895[httpsarchiveorgdetailsmemoiresdesaints11sainpage202_202]-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESaint-Simon1895[httpsarchiveorgdetailsmemoiresdesaints11sainpage202_202]_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESaint-Simon1895[httpsarchiveorgdetailsmemoiresdesaints11sainpage202_202]_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSaint-Simon1895">Saint-Simon 1895</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/memoiresdesaints11sain/page/202">202</a>. "... M. d'Avaux, ce celèbre ambassadeur, surintendant des finances, vendit sa charge de greffier de l'ordre, en 1643, à M. de Bonnelles ..."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoréri1759[httpsarchiveorgdetailsMoreriGdDictHist07bnfpdfpagen501_496,_right_column,_bottom]-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoréri1759[httpsarchiveorgdetailsMoreriGdDictHist07bnfpdfpagen501_496,_right_column,_bottom]_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMoréri1759">Moréri 1759</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/MoreriGdDictHist07bnf.pdf/page/n501">496, right column, bottom</a>. "Le roi, quatre ans après, en l'an 1627, l'envoya à Venise en qualité d'ambassadeur. Il fut ensuite avec la même qualité à Rome, à Mantoue, à Florence & à Turin. De-là il reçut l'ordre de passer en Allemagne où il vit la plupart des princes de l'empire; & à son retour il rendit si bon compte de ses négociations que le roi l'envoya peu après en Danemarck, en Suède et en Pologne.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBoppe1887[httpsarchiveorgdetailscorrespondancei00boppgoogpagen34_XXXIII]-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBoppe1887[httpsarchiveorgdetailscorrespondancei00boppgoogpagen34_XXXIII]_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBoppe1887[httpsarchiveorgdetailscorrespondancei00boppgoogpagen34_XXXIII]_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBoppe1887">Boppe 1887</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/correspondancei00boppgoog/page/n34">XXXIII</a>. "À Venise, il célébrait pendant quatre jours, par des festins et des feux d'artifice, la prise de la Rochelle."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFowler1656141-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFowler1656141_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFowler1656">Fowler 1656</a>, p. 141. "... at the sixe yeares Truce concluded an. 1629 and expiring in July 1635 ..."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPulaskiTomkiewicz1937[httpsgallicabnffrark12148bpt6k5459569vf29_xviii]-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPulaskiTomkiewicz1937[httpsgallicabnffrark12148bpt6k5459569vf29_xviii]_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPulaskiTomkiewicz1937">Pulaski & Tomkiewicz 1937</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k5459569v/f29">xviii</a>. "Le nouveau souverain Ladislas IV, fils de Sigismond était connu par son énergie, son talent militaire et ses grandes ambitions personnelles."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOgier1656[httpsarchiveorgdetailscaroliogeriieph00ogiegoogpagen310_259]-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOgier1656[httpsarchiveorgdetailscaroliogeriieph00ogiegoogpagen310_259]_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOgier1656">Ogier 1656</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/caroliogeriieph00ogiegoog/page/n310">259</a>. "Anno 1635 die 17.Maii, quae Dominicae Ascensioni sacra erat, Illustrissimus Claudius Memmius, Regis Christianissimi extraordinarius Legatus, Gedanum sive Dantiscum ingressus est."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFowler1656142,_line_26-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFowler1656142,_line_26_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFowler1656">Fowler 1656</a>, p. 142, line 26. "His Lordship understanding that the Commissioners for the crown of Poland had their residence at a little town called Morung (in Prussia) ..."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBain1910[[:s:1911_Encyclopædia_Britannica/Brahe,_Per|377]]-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBain1910[[:s:1911_Encyclopædia_Britannica/Brahe,_Per|377]]_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBain1910">Bain 1910</a>, p. <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Brahe,_Per" class="extiw" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Brahe, Per">377</a>. "In 1635 he [Per Brahe] conducted the negotiations for the armistice with Poland."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFowler1656142,_line_33-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFowler1656142,_line_33_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFowler1656">Fowler 1656</a>, p. 142, line 33. "... or hasten to the place nominated for the Treaty, being a Town in that Province named <i>Holland</i>;"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFowler1656216-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFowler1656216_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFowler1656">Fowler 1656</a>, p. 216. "He was a native of Scotland and descended from that branch of the noble house of the <i> Duglasse</i> entitled the <i>Baronnie</i> of <i>Torthorrell</i>, being son to <i>Sir George Duglasse</i> Knight, whose father (whilst living) had been, and whose brother then was Lord thereof."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPauli1763[httpsarchiveorgdetailsallgemeinepreusz04pauluoftpage590_590]-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPauli1763[httpsarchiveorgdetailsallgemeinepreusz04pauluoftpage590_590]_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPauli1763">Pauli 1763</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/allgemeinepreusz04pauluoft/page/590">590</a>. "Den 28sten Mai war in Stuhmsdorf die erste Zusammenkunft."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFowler1656[httpdownloadsitoxacukota-publictcpTexts-HTMLfreeA40A40104html_154]-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFowler1656[httpdownloadsitoxacukota-publictcpTexts-HTMLfreeA40A40104html_154]_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFowler1656">Fowler 1656</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://downloads.it.ox.ac.uk/ota-public/tcp/Texts-HTML/free/A40/A40104.html">154</a>. "the Thursday following, the 14/24 of May at Stumbs-dorff"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGeijer1832[httpsarchiveorgdetailsgeschichteschwe02geijgoogpagen308_298]-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGeijer1832[httpsarchiveorgdetailsgeschichteschwe02geijgoogpagen308_298]_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGeijer1832">Geijer 1832</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/geschichteschwe02geijgoog/page/n308">298</a>. "Zwar glückte es, besonders durch französische Vermittlung (englische, holländische und brandenburgische Abgeordnete waren zu dem selben Zwecke zugegen), den 2. Sept. 1635 gegen den Willen des Reichskanzlers, mit Aufopferung der Eroberungen Gustav Adolfs in Preussen, den Waffenstillstand mit Polen auf sechsundzwanzig Jahre zu erneuern;"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBain1908[httpsarchiveorgdetailsslavoniceuropea01baingoogpagen206_199]-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBain1908[httpsarchiveorgdetailsslavoniceuropea01baingoogpagen206_199]_35-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBain1908[httpsarchiveorgdetailsslavoniceuropea01baingoogpagen206_199]_35-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBain1908">Bain 1908</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/slavoniceuropea01baingoog/page/n206">199</a>. "Unable to gain Poland as an ally yet anxious to prevent her from attacking Sweden while still in difficulties, England, France, and the Dutch Republic then mediated the Truce of Stuhmsdorf to last for 26 years from September 12, 1635 whereby, without the knowledge and greatly to the indignation of Axel Oxenstjerna, the Swedish Senate retroceded to Poland all the Prussian conquests of Gustavus Adolphus, while retaining Livonia provisionally."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERichelieu1823[httpsarchiveorgdetailsbub_gb_61CVmDkTz1wCpagen243_240]-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERichelieu1823[httpsarchiveorgdetailsbub_gb_61CVmDkTz1wCpagen243_240]_36-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERichelieu1823[httpsarchiveorgdetailsbub_gb_61CVmDkTz1wCpagen243_240]_36-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRichelieu1823">Richelieu 1823</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_61CVmDkTz1wC/page/n243">240</a>. "... le dit sieur d'Avaux et l'ambassadeur de Suède Salvius firent un nouveau traité pour trois ans, à commencer au 15 mars 1638 ..."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGeijer1832[httpsarchiveorgdetailsgeschichteschwe02geijgoogpagen322_312]-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGeijer1832[httpsarchiveorgdetailsgeschichteschwe02geijgoogpagen322_312]_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGeijer1832">Geijer 1832</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/geschichteschwe02geijgoog/page/n322">312</a>. "Die Kriegserklärung gegen den Kaiser geschah erst 1638; den 6. März desselben Jahres ward endlich das neue Bündnis mit Frankreich abgeschlossen, erst auf drei Jahre, darauf wieder verlängert."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETellier1987[httpsbooksgooglecombooksid7-vFKDLGHh8CpgPA69_69,_line_4]-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETellier1987[httpsbooksgooglecombooksid7-vFKDLGHh8CpgPA69_69,_line_4]_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTellier1987">Tellier 1987</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7-vFKDLGHh8C&pg=PA69">69, line 4</a>. "À la tête de la délégation française : Henri II d'Orléans, duc de Longueville, de la maison Orléans-Longueville et sa seconde épouse, Anne-Geneviève de Bourbon-Condé, princess de sang et sœur du vainqueur de Rocroy. Les assistent deux négociateurs attitrés : Claude II de Mesmes, comte d'Avaux et Abel Servien."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETellier1987[httpsbooksgooglecombooksid7-vFKDLGHh8CpgPA69_69,_line_15]-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETellier1987[httpsbooksgooglecombooksid7-vFKDLGHh8CpgPA69_69,_line_15]_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTellier1987">Tellier 1987</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7-vFKDLGHh8C&pg=PA69">69, line 15</a>. "Il était d'un caractère emporté, volontiers colérique ; certains le surnommeront, au cours des négociations qui s'ouvrent 'l'ange exterminateur de la paix'."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDezobryBachelet1869[httpsarchiveorgdetailsb24873512_0001page185_185]-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDezobryBachelet1869[httpsarchiveorgdetailsb24873512_0001page185_185]_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDezobryBachelet1869">Dezobry & Bachelet 1869</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/b24873512_0001/page/185">185</a>. "Tout à coup, par les intrigues de son collègue Servien, il fut destitué, après 20 ans de services et à la veille de conclure le traité."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPiganiol_de_La_Force1765[httpsarchiveorgdetailsbub_gb_nQNpE5fR5eUCpagen364_326]-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPiganiol_de_La_Force1765[httpsarchiveorgdetailsbub_gb_nQNpE5fR5eUCpagen364_326]_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPiganiol_de_La_Force1765">Piganiol de La Force 1765</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_nQNpE5fR5eUC/page/n364">326</a>. "L'Hôtel de Beauvillier est de l'autre côté de la rue, & fut bâti par Claude de Mesmes, comte d'Avaux, célebre par ses négotiations & par ses Ambassades ..."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELe_Moel1977[httpswwwperseefrdocsimon_0409-8846_1977_num_5_1_949_76]-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELe_Moel1977[httpswwwperseefrdocsimon_0409-8846_1977_num_5_1_949_76]_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLe_Moel1977">Le Moel 1977</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.persee.fr/doc/simon_0409-8846_1977_num_5_1_949">76</a>. "Après la mort de leur fils Louis de Rochechouart, duc de Montemart, il fallut vendre l'hôtel le 29 juillet 1688 pour 153,000 livres à Paul de Beauvillierl."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPiganiol_de_La_Force1765[httpsarchiveorgdetailsbub_gb_nQNpE5fR5eUCpagen364_325]-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPiganiol_de_La_Force1765[httpsarchiveorgdetailsbub_gb_nQNpE5fR5eUCpagen364_325]_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPiganiol_de_La_Force1765">Piganiol de La Force 1765</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_nQNpE5fR5eUC/page/n364">325</a>. "L'Hôtel de Mesmes est dans la rue Sainte-Avoye, & s'étend jusqu'à la rue du Chaume & celle de Braque. C'étoit autrefois l'Hôtel de Montmorenci ..."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELa_Chesnaye_des_Bois1868[httpsarchiveorgdetailsdictionnairedela13aubepage377_754]-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELa_Chesnaye_des_Bois1868[httpsarchiveorgdetailsdictionnairedela13aubepage377_754]_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLa_Chesnaye_des_Bois1868">La Chesnaye des Bois 1868</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dictionnairedela13aube/page/377/">754</a>. "2. Claude, connu sous le nom de comte d'Avaux, qui mourut sans alliance le 19 novembre 1650. Son nom a été celèbre dans toute l'Europe. Pour faire son éloge il suffit de dire quén qualité d'Ambassadeur, de Ministre Plénipotentiaire à la paix de Munster, de Sur-Intendant des Finances ..."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESaint-Simon1910[httpsarchiveorgdetailsmemoiresdesaints22sainpage224_225,_line_10]-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESaint-Simon1910[httpsarchiveorgdetailsmemoiresdesaints22sainpage224_225,_line_10]_45-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESaint-Simon1910[httpsarchiveorgdetailsmemoiresdesaints22sainpage224_225,_line_10]_45-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSaint-Simon1910">Saint-Simon 1910</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/memoiresdesaints22sain/page/224">225, line 10</a>. "D'Avaux ne se maria point, et mourut comme son frère aîné, en 1650, quelques mois après lui."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoréri1759[httpsarchiveorgdetailsMoreriGdDictHist07bnfpdfpagen501_496,_left_column,_line_32]-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoréri1759[httpsarchiveorgdetailsMoreriGdDictHist07bnfpdfpagen501_496,_left_column,_line_32]_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMoréri1759">Moréri 1759</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/MoreriGdDictHist07bnf.pdf/page/n501">496, left column, line 32</a>. "... dont il eut, <i>Jean-Jacques</i> de Mesmes, né l'an 1643, mort jeune;"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoréri1759[httpsarchiveorgdetailsMoreriGdDictHist07bnfpdfpagen501_496,_left_column,_line_48]-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoréri1759[httpsarchiveorgdetailsMoreriGdDictHist07bnfpdfpagen501_496,_left_column,_line_48]_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMoréri1759">Moréri 1759</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/MoreriGdDictHist07bnf.pdf/page/n501">496, left column, line 48</a>. "... & enfin président à mortier au parlement de Paris, l'an 1651, après la mort de Henri de Mesmes son frère aîné :"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESaint-Simon1910[httpsarchiveorgdetailsmemoiresdesaints22sainpage224_225,_line_13]-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESaint-Simon1910[httpsarchiveorgdetailsmemoiresdesaints22sainpage224_225,_line_13]_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSaint-Simon1910">Saint-Simon 1910</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/memoiresdesaints22sain/page/224">225, line 13</a>. "Le sieur d'Irval prit le nom de Mesmes à la mort de son frère ainé, dont il eut la charge de président à mortier. Il laissa deux fils ..."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoubert1984[httpsarchiveorgdetailsinitiationalhist0000goubpage399_399,_line_5]-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoubert1984[httpsarchiveorgdetailsinitiationalhist0000goubpage399_399,_line_5]_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGoubert1984">Goubert 1984</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/initiationalhist0000goub/page/399/">399, line 5</a>. "1643, 14e mai: Mort de Louis XIII."</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Claude_de_Mesmes,_comte_d%27Avaux&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-hanging-indents refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnselme1733" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A8re_Anselme" class="mw-redirect" title="Père Anselme">Anselme, Père</a> (1733). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/histoiregnalogiq09anse/"><i>Histoire généalogique et chronologique de la maison royale de France</i></a> [<i>Genealogical and Chronological History of the Royal House of France</i>] (in French). Vol. Tome neuvième (Troisième édition ed.). Paris: Compagnie des libraires associez. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/831196155">831196155</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Histoire+g%C3%A9n%C3%A9alogique+et+chronologique+de+la+maison+royale+de+France&rft.place=Paris&rft.edition=Troisi%C3%A8me+%C3%A9dition&rft.pub=Compagnie+des+libraires+associez&rft.date=1733&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F831196155&rft.aulast=Anselme&rft.aufirst=P%C3%A8re&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoiregnalogiq09anse%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AClaude+de+Mesmes%2C+comte+d%27Avaux" class="Z3988"></span> – Knights of the Order of the Holy Spirit and general index</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBain1908" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Nisbet_Bain" title="Robert Nisbet Bain">Bain, Robert Nisbet</a> (1908). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/slavoniceuropea01baingoog"><i>Slavonic Europe: a political history of Poland and Russia from 1447 to 1796</i></a>. Cambridge: <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/458587359">458587359</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Slavonic+Europe%3A+a+political+history+of+Poland+and+Russia+from+1447+to+1796&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1908&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F458587359&rft.aulast=Bain&rft.aufirst=Robert+Nisbet&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fslavoniceuropea01baingoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AClaude+de+Mesmes%2C+comte+d%27Avaux" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBain1910" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Nisbet_Bain" title="Robert Nisbet Bain">Bain, Robert Nisbet</a> (1910). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Brahe, Per"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Brahe,_Per">"Brahe, Per" </a></span>. In <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a> (ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 377.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Brahe%2C+Per&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=377&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1910&rft.aulast=Bain&rft.aufirst=Robert+Nisbet&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AClaude+de+Mesmes%2C+comte+d%27Avaux" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoppe1887" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Boppe, Auguste (1887). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/correspondancei00boppgoog"><i>Correspondance inédite du comte d'Avaux (Claude de Mesmes) avec son père</i></a> [<i>Unpublished Correspondence of the Count Avaux (Claude de Mesmes) with his Father</i>] (in French). Paris: E Plon, Nourrit et Cie. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/4456492">4456492</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Correspondance+in%C3%A9dite+du+comte+d%27Avaux+%28Claude+de+Mesmes%29+avec+son+p%C3%A8re&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=E+Plon%2C+Nourrit+et+Cie&rft.date=1887&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F4456492&rft.aulast=Boppe&rft.aufirst=Auguste&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcorrespondancei00boppgoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AClaude+de+Mesmes%2C+comte+d%27Avaux" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoulliot1830" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Boulliot, Jean Baptiste Joseph (1830). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_I1iF5lcyXDMC"><i>Biographie ardennaise</i></a> [<i>Biography of the Ardennes</i>] (in French). Vol. Tome premier. Paris: Chez l'éditeur, rue de l'Arbre sec. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/239338707">239338707</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Biographie+ardennaise&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=Chez+l%27%C3%A9diteur%2C+rue+de+l%27Arbre+sec&rft.date=1830&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F239338707&rft.aulast=Boulliot&rft.aufirst=Jean+Baptiste+Joseph&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbub_gb_I1iF5lcyXDMC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AClaude+de+Mesmes%2C+comte+d%27Avaux" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDezobryBachelet1869" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Dezobry" title="Charles Dezobry">Dezobry, Charles</a>; <a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9odore_Bachelet" title="Théodore Bachelet">Bachelet, Théodore</a> (1869). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/b24873512_0001"><i>Dictionnaire général de biographie et d'histoire</i></a> [<i>General Dictionary of Biography and History</i>] (in French). Vol. Première partie (Cinquième edition revue ed.). Paris: Delagrave. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1040554696">1040554696</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dictionnaire+g%C3%A9n%C3%A9ral+de+biographie+et+d%27histoire&rft.place=Paris&rft.edition=Cinqui%C3%A8me+edition+revue&rft.pub=Delagrave&rft.date=1869&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1040554696&rft.aulast=Dezobry&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft.au=Bachelet%2C+Th%C3%A9odore&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fb24873512_0001&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AClaude+de+Mesmes%2C+comte+d%27Avaux" class="Z3988"></span> – A to J (for Avaux)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDumont1728" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Jean_Dumont_(publicist)" title="Jean Dumont (publicist)">Dumont, Jean</a> (1728). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/corpsuniverseldi06dumo"><i>Corps universel diplomatique du droit des gens, contenant un recueil des traités d'alliance, de paix, de trêve &c., faits en Europe, depuis le règne de l'empéreur Charlemagne jusqu'à présent</i></a> (in French and Latin). Vol. VI Partie I. Amsterdam: P. Brunel. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1042473068">1042473068</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Corps+universel+diplomatique+du+droit+des+gens%2C+contenant+un+recueil+des+trait%C3%A9s+d%27alliance%2C+de+paix%2C+de+tr%C3%AAve+%26c.%2C+faits+en+Europe%2C+depuis+le+r%C3%A8gne+de+l%27emp%C3%A9reur+Charlemagne+jusqu%27%C3%A0+pr%C3%A9sent&rft.place=Amsterdam&rft.pub=P.+Brunel&rft.date=1728&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1042473068&rft.aulast=Dumont&rft.aufirst=Jean&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcorpsuniverseldi06dumo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AClaude+de+Mesmes%2C+comte+d%27Avaux" class="Z3988"></span> – 1631 to 1666</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFowler1656" class="citation journal cs1">Fowler, John (1656). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cyfrowa.biblioteka.zamosc.pl/dlibra/docmetadata?id=484">"The History of the Troubles of Suethland and Poland which Occasioned the Expulsion of Sigismundus the Third, King of those Kingdomes with his Heirs forever from the Suethish Crown with a Continuation of those Troubles, untill [sic] the Truce, An. 1629. As also, a Particular Narration of the daily Passages at the last and great Treaty of Pacification between those two kingdomes, concluded at Stumbsdorff in Prussia, Anno 1635"</a>. <i>Książnica Zamojska - Księgozbiór Rodziny Zamoyskich</i>. London: Thomas Dring. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/559253950">559253950</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCnica+Zamojska+-+Ksi%C4%99gozbi%C3%B3r+Rodziny+Zamoyskich&rft.atitle=The+History+of+the+Troubles+of+Suethland+and+Poland+which+Occasioned+the+Expulsion+of+Sigismundus+the+Third%2C+King+of+those+Kingdomes+with+his+Heirs+forever+from+the+Suethish+Crown+with+a+Continuation+of+those+Troubles%2C+untill+%5Bsic%5D+the+Truce%2C+An.+1629.+As+also%2C+a+Particular+Narration+of+the+daily+Passages+at+the+last+and+great+Treaty+of+Pacification+between+those+two+kingdomes%2C+concluded+at+Stumbsdorff+in+Prussia%2C+Anno+1635.&rft.date=1656&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F559253950&rft.aulast=Fowler&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcyfrowa.biblioteka.zamosc.pl%2Fdlibra%2Fdocmetadata%3Fid%3D484&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AClaude+de+Mesmes%2C+comte+d%27Avaux" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGeijer1832" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Erik_Gustaf_Geijer" title="Erik Gustaf Geijer">Geijer, Erik Gustaf</a> (1832). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/geschichteschwe02geijgoog"><i>Geschichte Schwedens</i></a> [<i>History of Sweden</i>] (in German). Vol. Dritter Band. Hamburg: Friedrich Perthes. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/495062389">495062389</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Geschichte+Schwedens&rft.place=Hamburg&rft.pub=Friedrich+Perthes&rft.date=1832&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F495062389&rft.aulast=Geijer&rft.aufirst=Erik+Gustaf&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgeschichteschwe02geijgoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AClaude+de+Mesmes%2C+comte+d%27Avaux" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoubert1984" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Goubert" title="Pierre Goubert">Goubert, Pierre</a> (1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/initiationalhist0000goub/"><i>Initiation à l'histoire de la France</i></a> [<i>Initiation to the History of France</i>] (in French). Paris: Fayard-Tallandier. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-235-01484-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-235-01484-7"><bdi>978-2-235-01484-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Initiation+%C3%A0+l%27histoire+de+la+France&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=Fayard-Tallandier&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=978-2-235-01484-7&rft.aulast=Goubert&rft.aufirst=Pierre&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Finitiationalhist0000goub%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AClaude+de+Mesmes%2C+comte+d%27Avaux" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLa_Chesnaye_des_Bois1863" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-Alexandre_Aubert_de_La_Chesnaye_Des_Bois" title="François-Alexandre Aubert de La Chesnaye Des Bois">La Chesnaye des Bois, François Alexandre Aubert de</a> (1863). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dictionnairedela02aube/"><i>Dictionnaire de la noblesse</i></a> [<i>Dictionary of Nobility</i>] (in French). Vol. Tome deuxième (3rd ed.). Paris: Schlesinger Frères. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/797014713">797014713</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dictionnaire+de+la+noblesse&rft.place=Paris&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Schlesinger+Fr%C3%A8res&rft.date=1863&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F797014713&rft.aulast=La+Chesnaye+des+Bois&rft.aufirst=Fran%C3%A7ois+Alexandre+Aubert+de&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdictionnairedela02aube%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AClaude+de+Mesmes%2C+comte+d%27Avaux" class="Z3988"></span> – AUD to BER (for Avaux & Belleforière)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLa_Chesnaye_des_Bois1868" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-Alexandre_Aubert_de_La_Chesnaye_Des_Bois" title="François-Alexandre Aubert de La Chesnaye Des Bois">La Chesnaye des Bois, François Alexandre Aubert de</a> (1868). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dictionnairedela13aube/"><i>Dictionnaire de la noblesse</i></a> [<i>Dictionary of Nobility</i>] (in French). Vol. Tpme treizième (3rd ed.). Paris: Schlesinger Frères. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/797014713">797014713</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dictionnaire+de+la+noblesse&rft.place=Paris&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Schlesinger+Fr%C3%A8res&rft.date=1868&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F797014713&rft.aulast=La+Chesnaye+des+Bois&rft.aufirst=Fran%C3%A7ois+Alexandre+Aubert+de&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdictionnairedela13aube%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AClaude+de+Mesmes%2C+comte+d%27Avaux" class="Z3988"></span> – MAL to MON (for Mesmes)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLainé1819" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Lainé, Louis (1819). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_TvZGAAAAcAAJ/"><i>Dictionnaire véridique des origines des maisons nobles ou anoblis du royaume de France</i></a> (in French). Vol. Tome second. Paris: Chez l'auteur, rue de la Vrillière.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dictionnaire+v%C3%A9ridique+des+origines+des+maisons+nobles+ou+anoblis+du+royaume+de+France&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=Chez+l%27auteur%2C+rue+de+la+Vrilli%C3%A8re&rft.date=1819&rft.aulast=Lain%C3%A9&rft.aufirst=Louis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbub_gb_TvZGAAAAcAAJ%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AClaude+de+Mesmes%2C+comte+d%27Avaux" class="Z3988"></span> – F to Z</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLe_Moel1977" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Le Moel, Michel (1977). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.persee.fr/doc/simon_0409-8846_1977_num_5_1_949/">"L'Hôtel de Saint-Aignan à Paris"</a>. <i>Cahiers de Saint-Simon</i> (in French). <b>5</b> (5): 76. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3406%2Fsimon">10.3406/simon</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cahiers+de+Saint-Simon&rft.atitle=L%27H%C3%B4tel+de+Saint-Aignan+%C3%A0+Paris&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=76&rft.date=1977&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3406%2Fsimon&rft.aulast=Le+Moel&rft.aufirst=Michel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.persee.fr%2Fdoc%2Fsimon_0409-8846_1977_num_5_1_949%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AClaude+de+Mesmes%2C+comte+d%27Avaux" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoréri1759" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Louis_Mor%C3%A9ri" title="Louis Moréri">Moréri, Louis</a> (1759). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/MoreriGdDictHist07bnf.pdf"><i>Le grand dictionnaire historique ou le mélange curieux de l'histoire sacrée et profane</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in French). Vol. Tome septième. Paris: Pierre Augustin Le Mercier. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1070379896">1070379896</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Le+grand+dictionnaire+historique+ou+le+m%C3%A9lange+curieux+de+l%27histoire+sacr%C3%A9e+et+profane&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=Pierre+Augustin+Le+Mercier&rft.date=1759&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1070379896&rft.aulast=Mor%C3%A9ri&rft.aufirst=Louis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FMoreriGdDictHist07bnf.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AClaude+de+Mesmes%2C+comte+d%27Avaux" class="Z3988"></span> – M to N</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOgier1656" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Ogier, Charles (1656). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/caroliogeriieph00ogiegoog/"><i>Caroli Ogierii ephemeridae, sive iter danicum, svecicum, polonicum</i></a> [<i>The Diary of Charles Ogier: Or the Danish, Swedish and Polish Travels</i>] (in Latin). Paris: Le Petit. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/4172685">4172685</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Caroli+Ogierii+ephemeridae%2C+sive+iter+danicum%2C+svecicum%2C+polonicum&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=Le+Petit&rft.date=1656&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F4172685&rft.aulast=Ogier&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcaroliogeriieph00ogiegoog%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AClaude+de+Mesmes%2C+comte+d%27Avaux" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPauli1763" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Pauli, Karl Friedrich (1763). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/allgemeinepreusz04pauluoft/page/588"><i>Allgemeine Preußische Staatsgeschichte</i></a> [<i>General History of the Prussian State</i>] (in German). Vol. Vierter Band. Halle: Christoph Peter Franckens. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/697605462">697605462</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Allgemeine+Preu%C3%9Fische+Staatsgeschichte&rft.place=Halle&rft.pub=Christoph+Peter+Franckens&rft.date=1763&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F697605462&rft.aulast=Pauli&rft.aufirst=Karl+Friedrich&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fallgemeinepreusz04pauluoft%2Fpage%2F588&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AClaude+de+Mesmes%2C+comte+d%27Avaux" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPiganiol_de_La_Force1765" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Jean-Aymar_Piganiol_de_La_Force" title="Jean-Aymar Piganiol de La Force">Piganiol de La Force, Jean-Aymar</a> (1765). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_nQNpE5fR5eUC/"><i>Description historique de la Ville de Paris et de ses environs</i></a> (in French). Vol. Tome quatrième (Nouvelle ed.). Paris: Librairies Associées. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/832565452">832565452</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Description+historique+de+la+Ville+de+Paris+et+de+ses+environs&rft.place=Paris&rft.edition=Nouvelle&rft.pub=Librairies+Associ%C3%A9es&rft.date=1765&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F832565452&rft.aulast=Piganiol+de+La+Force&rft.aufirst=Jean-Aymar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbub_gb_nQNpE5fR5eUC%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AClaude+de+Mesmes%2C+comte+d%27Avaux" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPulaskiTomkiewicz1937" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Pulaski, François; Tomkiewicz, Ladislas (1937). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k5459569v"><i>La mission de Claude de Mesmes comte d'Avaux ambassadeur extraordinaire en Pologne 1634-1636</i></a> [<i>The Mission of Claude de Mesmes, Extraordinary Ambassador to Poland 1634-1636</i>] (in French). Paris: Bibliothèque Polonaise. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/247489204">247489204</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=La+mission+de+Claude+de+Mesmes+comte+d%27Avaux+ambassadeur+extraordinaire+en+Pologne+1634-1636&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=Biblioth%C3%A8que+Polonaise&rft.date=1937&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F247489204&rft.aulast=Pulaski&rft.aufirst=Fran%C3%A7ois&rft.au=Tomkiewicz%2C+Ladislas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgallica.bnf.fr%2Fark%3A%2F12148%2Fbpt6k5459569v&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AClaude+de+Mesmes%2C+comte+d%27Avaux" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRichelieu1823" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Cardinal_Richelieu" title="Cardinal Richelieu">Richelieu, Jean Armand du Plessis</a> (1823). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_61CVmDkTz1wC/"><i>Mémoires du cardinal de Richelieu</i></a> [<i>Memoirs of the Cardinal of Richelieu</i>] (in French). Vol. X. Paris: Foucault. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/15353519">15353519</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=M%C3%A9moires+du+cardinal+de+Richelieu&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=Foucault&rft.date=1823&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F15353519&rft.aulast=Richelieu&rft.aufirst=Jean+Armand+du+Plessis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbub_gb_61CVmDkTz1wC%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AClaude+de+Mesmes%2C+comte+d%27Avaux" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSaint-Simon1895" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Louis_de_Rouvroy,_duc_de_Saint-Simon" title="Louis de Rouvroy, duc de Saint-Simon">Saint-Simon, Louis de Rouvroy, duc de</a> (1895). Boislisle, Arthur de (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/memoiresdesaints11sain/"><i>Mémoires du duc de Saint-Simon</i></a> [<i>Memoirs of the Duke of Saint-Simon</i>] (in French). Vol. Tome onzième. Paris: <a href="/wiki/Hachette_(publisher)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hachette (publisher)">Hachette</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1068033585">1068033585</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=M%C3%A9moires+du+duc+de+Saint-Simon&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=Hachette&rft.date=1895&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1068033585&rft.aulast=Saint-Simon&rft.aufirst=Louis+de+Rouvroy%2C+duc+de&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmemoiresdesaints11sain%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AClaude+de+Mesmes%2C+comte+d%27Avaux" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span> – 1703</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSaint-Simon1910" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Louis_de_Rouvroy,_duc_de_Saint-Simon" title="Louis de Rouvroy, duc de Saint-Simon">Saint-Simon, Louis de Rouvroy, duc de</a> (1910). Boislisle, Arthur de (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/memoiresdesaints22sain/"><i>Mémoires du duc de Saint-Simon</i></a> [<i>Memoirs of the Duke of Saint-Simon</i>] (in French). Vol. Tome vingt et deuxième. Paris: <a href="/wiki/Hachette_(publisher)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hachette (publisher)">Hachette</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1068033585">1068033585</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=M%C3%A9moires+du+duc+de+Saint-Simon&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=Hachette&rft.date=1910&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1068033585&rft.aulast=Saint-Simon&rft.aufirst=Louis+de+Rouvroy%2C+duc+de&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmemoiresdesaints22sain%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AClaude+de+Mesmes%2C+comte+d%27Avaux" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span> – 1711 to 1712</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTellier1987" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Tellier, Luc-Normand (1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7-vFKDLGHh8C"><i>Face aux Colbert : les le Tellier, Vauban, Turgot ... et l'avènement du libéralisme</i></a> [<i>Facing the Colberts : The Telliers, Vaubans, Turgots ... and the advent of liberalism</i>] (in French). Sillery: Presses de l'Université du Québec. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/2-7605-0461-1" title="Special:BookSources/2-7605-0461-1"><bdi>2-7605-0461-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Face+aux+Colbert+%3A+les+le+Tellier%2C+Vauban%2C+Turgot+...+et+l%27av%C3%A8nement+du+lib%C3%A9ralisme&rft.place=Sillery&rft.pub=Presses+de+l%27Universit%C3%A9+du+Qu%C3%A9bec&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=2-7605-0461-1&rft.aulast=Tellier&rft.aufirst=Luc-Normand&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7-vFKDLGHh8C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AClaude+de+Mesmes%2C+comte+d%27Avaux" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWicquefort1745" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Abraham_de_Wicquefort" title="Abraham de Wicquefort">Wicquefort, Abraham de</a> (1745). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lhistoiredesprov02wicq/"><i>Histoire des Provinces Unies</i></a> [<i>History of the United Provinces</i>] (in French). Vol. Tome second. La Haye: T Johnson. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1048301463">1048301463</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Histoire+des+Provinces+Unies&rft.place=La+Haye&rft.pub=T+Johnson&rft.date=1745&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1048301463&rft.aulast=Wicquefort&rft.aufirst=Abraham+de&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flhistoiredesprov02wicq%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AClaude+de+Mesmes%2C+comte+d%27Avaux" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Claude_de_Mesmes,_comte_d%27Avaux&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="no" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Strebitzki, Dr (1879). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pbc.gda.pl/dlibra/doccontent?id=26442&from=FBC">"Das Tagebuch des Franzosen Charles Ogier"</a> [Diary of the Frenchman Charles Ogier]. <i>Od 22810 8°</i> (in German). Königsberg i. Pr.: R. Reicke und E. Wichert. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/488400296">488400296</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Od+22810+8%C2%B0&rft.atitle=Das+Tagebuch+des+Franzosen+Charles+Ogier&rft.date=1879&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F488400296&rft.aulast=Strebitzki&rft.aufirst=Dr&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpbc.gda.pl%2Fdlibra%2Fdoccontent%3Fid%3D26442%26from%3DFBC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AClaude+de+Mesmes%2C+comte+d%27Avaux" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Claude_de_Mesmes,_comte_d%27Avaux&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://racineshistoire.free.fr/LGN/PDF/de-Mesmes.pdf">Racines Histoire</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Finance_ministers_of_France" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_finance_ministers_of_France" title="List of finance ministers of France">Finance ministers</a> of <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Superintendent_of_Finances" title="Superintendent of Finances">Superintendent of Finances</a> (1561–1661)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Controller-General_of_Finances" title="Controller-General of Finances">Controller-General of Finances</a> (1661–1791)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Valois" title="House of Valois">House of Valois</a><br />(1518–1589)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacques_de_Beaune&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jacques de Beaune (page does not exist)">de Beaune</a> (1518–1524)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philibert_Babou" title="Philibert Babou">Babou</a> (1524–1544)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_du_Thiers" title="Jean du Thiers">du Thiers</a> (1544–1546)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_d%27Annebault" title="Claude d'Annebault">d'Annebault</a> (1546–1552)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andr%C3%A9_Guillart&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="André Guillart (page does not exist)">Guillart</a> (1552–1556)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean_d%27Avan%C3%A7on&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean d'Avançon (page does not exist)">d'Avançon</a> (1556–1559)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles,_Cardinal_of_Lorraine" title="Charles, Cardinal of Lorraine">de Lorraine</a> (1559–1560)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artus_de_Coss%C3%A9-Brissac" class="mw-redirect" title="Artus de Cossé-Brissac">de Cossé-Brissac</a>/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_d%27Ongnyes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Louis d'Ongnyes (page does not exist)">d'Ongnyes</a> (1561–1567)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_de_Birague" title="René de Birague">de Birague</a> (1568–1570)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomponne_de_Belli%C3%A8vre" title="Pomponne de Bellièvre">de Bellièvre</a> (1574–1588)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_d%27O" title="François d'O">d'O</a> (1588–1589)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Bourbon" title="House of Bourbon">House of Bourbon</a><br />(1589–1792)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_d%27O" title="François d'O">d'O</a> (1589–1594)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximilien_de_B%C3%A9thune,_Duke_of_Sully" title="Maximilien de Béthune, Duke of Sully">de Béthune</a> (1598–1611)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Jeannin" title="Pierre Jeannin">Jeannin</a> (1614–1619)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_de_Schomberg" title="Henri de Schomberg">de Schomberg</a> (1619–1622)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_de_La_Vieuville" title="Charles de La Vieuville">de La Vieuville</a> (1623–1624)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Bochart_de_Champigny" title="Jean Bochart de Champigny">de Champigny</a>/<a href="/wiki/Michel_de_Marillac" title="Michel de Marillac">de Marillac</a> (1624–1626)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoine_Co%C3%ABffier_de_Ruz%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Antoine Coëffier de Ruzé">de Ruzé</a> (1626–1632)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_de_Bullion" title="Claude de Bullion">de Bullion</a>/<a href="/wiki/Claude_Bouthillier" title="Claude Bouthillier">Bouthillier</a> (1632–1640)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Bouthillier" title="Claude Bouthillier">Bouthillier</a> (1640–1643)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicolas_de_Bailleul&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nicolas de Bailleul (page does not exist)">de Bailleul</a>/<a class="mw-selflink selflink">de Mesmes</a> (1643–1647)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Particelli_d%27Emery" title="Michel Particelli d'Emery">d'Emery</a> (1647–1648)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_de_La_Porte" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles de La Porte">de La Porte</a> (1648–1649)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Particelli_d%27Emery" title="Michel Particelli d'Emery">d'Emery</a>/<a href="/wiki/Claude_de_Mesmes" class="mw-redirect" title="Claude de Mesmes">de Mesmes</a> (1649–1650)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_de_Longueil" title="René de Longueil">de Longueil</a> (1650–1651)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_de_La_Vieuville" title="Charles de La Vieuville">de La Vieuville</a> (1651–1653)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abel_Servien" title="Abel Servien">Servien</a>/<a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Fouquet" title="Nicolas Fouquet">Fouquet</a> (1653–1659)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Fouquet" title="Nicolas Fouquet">Fouquet</a> (1659–1661)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Colbert" title="Jean-Baptiste Colbert">Colbert</a> (1661–1683)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Claude_Le_Pelletier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Claude Le Pelletier (page does not exist)">Le Pelletier</a> (1683–1689)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Ph%C3%A9lypeaux,_comte_de_Pontchartrain" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis Phélypeaux, comte de Pontchartrain">Phélypeaux</a> (1689–1699)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Chamillart" title="Michel Chamillart">Chamillart</a> (1699–1708)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Desmarets" title="Nicolas Desmarets">Desmarets</a> (1708–1715)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adrien_Maurice_de_Noailles" class="mw-redirect" title="Adrien Maurice de Noailles">de Noailles</a> (1715–1718)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri-Jacques_Nompar_de_Caumont,_duc_de_La_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Henri-Jacques Nompar de Caumont, duc de La Force">de Caumont</a> (1718–January 1720)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marc-Ren%C3%A9_de_Voyer_de_Paulmy_d%27Argenson_(1652%E2%80%931721)" title="Marc-René de Voyer de Paulmy d'Argenson (1652–1721)">de Voyer de Paulmy d'Argenson</a> (1718–January 1720)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Law_(economist)" title="John Law (economist)">Law</a> (January–May 1720)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michel_Robert_Le_Peletier_des_Forts&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michel Robert Le Peletier des Forts (page does not exist)">des Forts</a> (May–December 1720)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9lix_Le_Pelletier_de_La_Houssaye" title="Félix Le Pelletier de La Houssaye">de La Houssaye</a> (December 1720–1722)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Gaspard_Dodun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Gaspard Dodun (page does not exist)">Dodun</a> (1722–1726)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michel_Robert_Le_Peletier_des_Forts&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michel Robert Le Peletier des Forts (page does not exist)">des Forts</a> (1726–1730)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philibert_Orry" title="Philibert Orry">Orry</a> (1730–1745)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_de_Machault_d%27Arnouville" title="Jean-Baptiste de Machault d'Arnouville">d'Arnouville</a> (1745–1754)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Moreau_de_S%C3%A9chelles" title="Jean Moreau de Séchelles">de Séchelles</a> (1754–1756)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Marie_Peyrenc_de_Moras" title="François Marie Peyrenc de Moras">de Moras</a> (1756–1757)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_de_Boullonges" title="Jean de Boullonges">de Boullonges</a> (1757–1759)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_de_Silhouette" title="Étienne de Silhouette">de Silhouette</a> (1759)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_L%C3%A9onard_Jean_Baptiste_Bertin" class="mw-redirect" title="Henri Léonard Jean Baptiste Bertin">Bertin</a> (1759–1763)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cl%C3%A9ment_Charles_Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Laverdy" title="Clément Charles François de Laverdy">de Laverdy</a> (1763–1768)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Maynon_d%27Invault" title="Étienne Maynon d'Invault">d'Invault</a> (1768–1769)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Marie_Terray" title="Joseph Marie Terray">Terray</a> (1769–1774)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Robert_Jacques_Turgot" title="Anne Robert Jacques Turgot">Turgot</a> (1774–1776)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean_%C3%89tienne_Bernard_Ogier_de_Clugny&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean Étienne Bernard Ogier de Clugny (page does not exist)">de Clugny</a> (1776)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis-Gabriel_Taboureau_des_R%C3%A9aux&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Louis-Gabriel Taboureau des Réaux (page does not exist)">des Réaux</a> (1776–1777)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Necker" title="Jacques Necker">Necker</a> (1777–1781)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Joly_de_Fleury" title="Jean-François Joly de Fleury">de Fleury</a> (1781–1783)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Paule_Lef%C3%A8vre_d%27Ormesson" class="mw-redirect" title="Henri François de Paule Lefèvre d'Ormesson">d'Ormesson</a> (1783)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Alexandre_de_Calonne" title="Charles Alexandre de Calonne">de Calonne</a> (1783–1787)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michel_Bouvard_de_Fourqueux&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michel Bouvard de Fourqueux (page does not exist)">de Fourqueux</a> (1787)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Charles_de_Lom%C3%A9nie_de_Brienne" title="Étienne Charles de Loménie de Brienne">de Brienne</a> (1787–1788)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Necker" title="Jacques Necker">Necker</a> (1788–1789)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Auguste_Le_Tonnelier_de_Breteuil" title="Louis Auguste Le Tonnelier de Breteuil">de Breteuil</a> (1789)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Necker" title="Jacques Necker">Necker</a> (1789–1790)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Claude_Guillaume_Lambert&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Claude Guillaume Lambert (page does not exist)">Lambert</a> (1790)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Antoine_de_Valdec_de_Lessart" title="Claude Antoine de Valdec de Lessart">de Lessart</a> (1790–1791)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_Hardouin_Tarb%C3%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Louis Hardouin Tarbé (page does not exist)">Tarbé</a> (1791–March 1792)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Clavi%C3%A8re" title="Étienne Clavière">Clavière</a> (March–13 June 1792)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoine_Duranthon" class="mw-redirect" title="Antoine Duranthon">Duranthon</a> (13 June–18 June 1792)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jules_%C3%89mile_Fran%C3%A7ois_Herv%C3%A9_de_Beaulieu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jules Émile François Hervé de Beaulieu (page does not exist)">de Beaulieu</a> (18 June–29 July 1792)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Delaville-Leroulx&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joseph Delaville-Leroulx (page does not exist)">Delaville-Leroulx</a> (29 July–10 August 1792)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Clavi%C3%A8re" title="Étienne Clavière">Clavière</a> (10 August–21 September 1792)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/French_First_Republic" title="French First Republic">First Republic</a><br />(1792–1804)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Clavi%C3%A8re" title="Étienne Clavière">Clavière</a> (21 September 1792–1793)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Gr%C3%A9goire_Deschamps_Destournelles" title="Louis Grégoire Deschamps Destournelles">Destournelles</a> (1793–1794)</li> <li><i>Vacant</i> (1794–1795)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guillaume-Charles_Faipoult" title="Guillaume-Charles Faipoult">Faipoult</a> (1795–1796)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominique-Vincent_Ramel-Nogaret" title="Dominique-Vincent Ramel-Nogaret">Ramel-Nogaret</a> (1796–July 1799)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Robert_Lindet" title="Jean-Baptiste Robert Lindet">Lindet</a> (July–November 1799)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin-Michel-Charles_Gaudin" class="mw-redirect" title="Martin-Michel-Charles Gaudin">Gaudin</a> (1799–1804)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/First_French_Empire" title="First French Empire">House of Bonaparte</a><br />(1804–1814)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Martin-Michel-Charles_Gaudin" class="mw-redirect" title="Martin-Michel-Charles Gaudin">Gaudin</a> (1804–1814)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bourbon_Restoration_in_France" title="Bourbon Restoration in France">House of Bourbon</a><br />(1814–1815)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Dominique,_baron_Louis" title="Joseph Dominique, baron Louis">Dominique</a> (1814–1815)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hundred_Days" title="Hundred Days">House of Bonaparte</a><br />(1815)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Martin-Michel-Charles_Gaudin" class="mw-redirect" title="Martin-Michel-Charles Gaudin">Gaudin</a> (March–July 1815)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bourbon_Restoration_in_France" title="Bourbon Restoration in France">House of Bourbon</a><br />(1815–1830)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Dominique,_baron_Louis" title="Joseph Dominique, baron Louis">Dominique</a> (July–September 1815)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis-Emmanuel_Corvetto" title="Louis-Emmanuel Corvetto">Corvetto</a> (September 1815–December 1818)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoine_Roy" title="Antoine Roy">Roy</a> (7 December–29 December 1818)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Dominique,_baron_Louis" title="Joseph Dominique, baron Louis">Dominique</a> (December 29, 1818–November 1819)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoine_Roy" title="Antoine Roy">Roy</a> (1819–1821)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_de_Vill%C3%A8le" class="mw-redirect" title="Jean-Baptiste de Villèle">de Villèle</a> (1821–1828)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoine_Roy" title="Antoine Roy">Roy</a> (1828–1829)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christophe_de_Chabrol_de_Crouzol" title="Christophe de Chabrol de Crouzol">de Crouzol</a> (1829–May 1830)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guillaume-Isidore_Baron_de_Montbel" title="Guillaume-Isidore Baron de Montbel">de Montbel</a> (May–July 1830)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Dominique,_baron_Louis" title="Joseph Dominique, baron Louis">Dominique</a> (July–August 1830)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/July_Monarchy" title="July Monarchy">House of Orléans</a><br />(1830–1848)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Dominique,_baron_Louis" title="Joseph Dominique, baron Louis">Dominique</a> (August–November 1830)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Laffitte" title="Jacques Laffitte">Laffitte</a> (1830–1831)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Dominique,_baron_Louis" title="Joseph Dominique, baron Louis">Dominique</a> (1831–1832)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Humann" title="Georges Humann">Humann</a> (1832–10 November 1834)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hippolyte_Passy" title="Hippolyte Passy">Passy</a> (10 November–18 November 1834)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Humann" title="Georges Humann">Humann</a> (18 November 1834–1836)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoine_Maurice_Apollinaire_d%27Argout" title="Antoine Maurice Apollinaire d'Argout">d'Argout</a> (January–September 1836)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanneguy_Duch%C3%A2tel" title="Tanneguy Duchâtel">Duchâtel</a> (1836–1837)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Lacave-Laplagne" title="Jean Lacave-Laplagne">Lacave-Laplagne</a> (1837–March 1839)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-%C3%89lie_Gautier" title="Jean-Élie Gautier">Gautier</a> (March–May 1839)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hippolyte_Passy" title="Hippolyte Passy">Passy</a> (May 1839–March 1840)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Pelet_de_la_Loz%C3%A8re" title="Joseph Pelet de la Lozère">de la Lozère</a> (March 1840–October 1840)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Humann" title="Georges Humann">Humann</a> (October 1840–1842)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Lacave-Laplagne" title="Jean Lacave-Laplagne">Lacave-Laplagne</a> (1842–1847)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Sylvain_Dumon" title="Pierre Sylvain Dumon">Dumon</a> (1847–February 1848)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/French_Second_Republic" title="French Second Republic">Second Republic</a><br />(1848–1852)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Goudchaux" title="Michel Goudchaux">Goudchaux</a> (February–March 1848)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis-Antoine_Garnier-Pag%C3%A8s" title="Louis-Antoine Garnier-Pagès">Garnier-Pagès</a> (March–May 1848)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Duclerc" title="Charles Duclerc">Duclerc</a> (May–June 1848)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Goudchaux" title="Michel Goudchaux">Goudchaux</a> (June–October 1848)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariste_Jacques_Trouv%C3%A9-Chauvel" title="Ariste Jacques Trouvé-Chauvel">Trouvé-Chauvel</a> (October–December 1848)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hippolyte_Passy" title="Hippolyte Passy">Passy</a> (December 1848–October 1849)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achille_Fould" title="Achille Fould">Fould</a> (October 1849–January 1851)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Le_B%C3%A8gue_de_Germiny" title="Charles Le Bègue de Germiny">de Germiny</a> (January–April 1851)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achille_Fould" title="Achille Fould">Fould</a> (April–October 1851)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoine_Blondel" title="Antoine Blondel">Blondel</a> (October–November 1851)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-Xavier_Joseph_de_Casabianca" title="François-Xavier Joseph de Casabianca">de Casabianca</a> (November–December 1851)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achille_Fould" title="Achille Fould">Fould</a> (December 1851–January 1852)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Second_French_Empire" title="Second French Empire">House of Bonaparte</a><br />(1852–1870)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Martial_Bineau" title="Jean-Martial Bineau">Bineau</a> (January 1852–1855)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Magne" title="Pierre Magne">Magne</a> (1855–1860)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolphe_de_Forcade_La_Roquette" title="Adolphe de Forcade La Roquette">La Roquette</a> (1860–1861)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achille_Fould" title="Achille Fould">Fould</a> (1861–1867)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Rouher" title="Eugène Rouher">Rouher</a> (January–November 1867)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Magne" title="Pierre Magne">Magne</a> (1867–January 1870)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Buffet" title="Louis Buffet">Buffet</a> (January–April 1870)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89mile_Alexis_Segris&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Émile Alexis Segris (page does not exist)">Segris</a> (April–August 1870)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Magne" title="Pierre Magne">Magne</a> (August–September 1870)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/French_Third_Republic" title="French Third Republic">Third Republic</a><br />(1870–1940)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Picard" title="Ernest Picard">Picard</a> (September 1870–19 February 1871)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Buffet" title="Louis Buffet">Buffet</a> (19 February–25 February 1871)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustin_Pouyer-Quertier" title="Augustin Pouyer-Quertier">Pouyer-Quertier</a> (1871–1872)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eug%C3%A8ne_de_Goulard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eugène de Goulard (page does not exist)">de Goulard</a> (April–December 1872)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Say" title="Léon Say">Say</a> (December 1872–1873)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Magne" title="Pierre Magne">Magne</a> (1873–1874)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pierre_Mathieu-Bodet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pierre Mathieu-Bodet (page does not exist)">Mathieu-Bodet</a> (1874–1875)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Say" title="Léon Say">Say</a> (1875–May 1877)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Caillaux" title="Eugène Caillaux">Caillaux</a> (May 1877–November 1877)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7ois_Dutilleul&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="François Dutilleul (page does not exist)">Dutilleul</a> (November–December 1877)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Say" title="Léon Say">Say</a> (1877–1879)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Magnin" title="Pierre Magnin">Magnin</a> (1879–1881)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Allain-Targ%C3%A9" title="François Allain-Targé">Allain-Targé</a> (1881–1882)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Say" title="Léon Say">Say</a> (January–August 1882)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Tirard" title="Pierre Tirard">Tirard</a> (August 1882–6 April 1885)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Clamageran" class="mw-redirect" title="Jean Clamageran">Clamageran</a> (6 April–16 April 1885)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Fran%C3%A7ois_Sadi_Carnot" class="mw-redirect" title="Marie François Sadi Carnot">Carnot</a> (16 April 1885–December 1886)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Dauphin" title="Albert Dauphin">Dauphin</a> (December 1886–May 1887)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Rouvier" title="Maurice Rouvier">Rouvier</a> (May–December 1887)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Tirard" title="Pierre Tirard">Tirard</a> (December 1887–April 1888)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Peytral" title="Paul Peytral">Peytral</a> (April 1888–1889)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Rouvier" title="Maurice Rouvier">Rouvier</a> (1889–1892)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Tirard" title="Pierre Tirard">Tirard</a> (1892–April 1893)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Peytral" title="Paul Peytral">Peytral</a> (April–December 1893)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auguste_Burdeau" title="Auguste Burdeau">Burdeau</a> (December 1893–May 1894)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Poincar%C3%A9" title="Raymond Poincaré">Poincaré</a> (May 1894–January 1895)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Ribot" title="Alexandre Ribot">Ribot</a> (January–November 1895)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Doumer" title="Paul Doumer">Doumer</a> (November 1895–1896)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Cochery" title="Georges Cochery">Cochery</a> (1896–1898)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Peytral" title="Paul Peytral">Peytral</a> (1898–1899)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Caillaux" title="Joseph Caillaux">Caillaux</a> (1899–1902)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Rouvier" title="Maurice Rouvier">Rouvier</a> (1902–1905)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pierre_Merlou&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pierre Merlou (page does not exist)">Merlou</a> (1905–March 1906)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Poincar%C3%A9" title="Raymond Poincaré">Poincaré</a> (March–October 1906)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Caillaux" title="Joseph Caillaux">Caillaux</a> (October 1906–1909)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Cochery" title="Georges Cochery">Cochery</a> (1909–1910)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis-Lucien_Klotz" title="Louis-Lucien Klotz">Klotz</a> (1910–March 1911)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Caillaux" title="Joseph Caillaux">Caillaux</a> (March–June 1911)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis-Lucien_Klotz" title="Louis-Lucien Klotz">Klotz</a> (June 1911–March 1913)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Dumont_(politician)" title="Charles Dumont (politician)">Dumont</a> (March–December 1913)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Caillaux" title="Joseph Caillaux">Caillaux</a> (December 1913–March 1914)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Renoult" title="René Renoult">Renoult</a> (March–June 1914)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Cl%C3%A9mentel" title="Étienne Clémentel">Clémentel</a> (9 June–13 June 1914)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Noullens" class="mw-redirect" title="Joseph Noullens">Noullens</a> (June–August 1914)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Ribot" title="Alexandre Ribot">Ribot</a> (August 1914–1917)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Thierry" title="Joseph Thierry">Thierry</a> (March–September 1917)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Lucien_Klotz" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis Lucien Klotz">Klotz</a> (1917–1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Fran%C3%A7ois-Marsal" title="Frédéric François-Marsal">François-Marsal</a> (1920–1921)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Doumer" title="Paul Doumer">Doumer</a> (1921–1922)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Lasteyrie" title="Charles de Lasteyrie">de Lasteyrie</a> (1922–1924)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Fran%C3%A7ois-Marsal" title="Frédéric François-Marsal">François-Marsal</a> (March–June 1924)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Clementel" class="mw-redirect" title="Étienne Clementel">Clementel</a> (June 1924–3 April 1925)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anatole_de_Monzie" title="Anatole de Monzie">de Monzie</a> (3 April–17 April 1925)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Caillaux" title="Joseph Caillaux">Caillaux</a> (April–October 1925)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Painlev%C3%A9" title="Paul Painlevé">Painlevé</a> (October–November 1925)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Loucheur" title="Louis Loucheur">Loucheur</a> (November–December 1925)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Doumer" title="Paul Doumer">Doumer</a> (December 1925–March 1926)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raoul_P%C3%A9ret" title="Raoul Péret">Péret</a> (March–June 1926)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Caillaux" title="Joseph Caillaux">Caillaux</a> (June–July 1926)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anatole_de_Monzie" title="Anatole de Monzie">de Monzie</a> (19 July–23 July 1926)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Poincar%C3%A9" title="Raymond Poincaré">Poincaré</a> (July 1926–1928)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Ch%C3%A9ron" title="Henry Chéron">Chéron</a> (1928–February 1930)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Dumont_(politician)" title="Charles Dumont (politician)">Dumont</a> (February–March 1930)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Reynaud" title="Paul Reynaud">Reynaud</a> (March–December 1930)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Germain-Martin" title="Louis Germain-Martin">Germain-Martin</a> (December 1930–January 1931)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre-%C3%89tienne_Flandin" title="Pierre-Étienne Flandin">Flandin</a> (January 1931–1932)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Germain-Martin" title="Louis Germain-Martin">Germain-Martin</a> (June–December 1932)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Ch%C3%A9ron" title="Henry Chéron">Chéron</a> (December 1932–January 1933)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Bonnet" title="Georges Bonnet">Bonnet</a> (January 1933–January 1934)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Pi%C3%A9tri" title="François Piétri">Piétri</a> (January–February 1934)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Marchandeau" title="Paul Marchandeau">Marchandeau</a> (4 February–9 February 1934)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Germain-Martin" title="Louis Germain-Martin">Germain-Martin</a> (February 1934–June 1935)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Caillaux" title="Joseph Caillaux">Caillaux</a> (1 June–7 June 1935)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marcel_R%C3%A9gnier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marcel Régnier (page does not exist)">Régnier</a> (June 1935–1936)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincent_Auriol" title="Vincent Auriol">Auriol</a> (1936–1937)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Bonnet" title="Georges Bonnet">Bonnet</a> (1937–January 1938)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Marchandeau" title="Paul Marchandeau">Marchandeau</a> (January–March 1938)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Blum" title="Léon Blum">Blum</a> (March–April 1938)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Marchandeau" title="Paul Marchandeau">Marchandeau</a> (April–November 1938)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Reynaud" title="Paul Reynaud">Reynaud</a> (November 1938–March 1940)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucien_Lamoureux_(France)" title="Lucien Lamoureux (France)">Lamoureux</a> (March–June 1940)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vichy_France" title="Vichy France">Vichy France</a><br />(1940–1944)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yves_Bouthillier" title="Yves Bouthillier">Bouthillier</a> (1940–1942)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Cathala" title="Pierre Cathala">Cathala</a> (1942–1944)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Free_France" title="Free France">Free France</a><br />(1941–1944)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Pleven" title="René Pleven">Pleven</a> (1941–1942)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Diethelm" title="André Diethelm">Diethelm</a> (1942–June 1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Couve_de_Murville" title="Maurice Couve de Murville">Couve de Murville</a> (June–November 1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Mend%C3%A8s_France" title="Pierre Mendès France">France</a> (November 1943–September 1944)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Provisional_Government_of_the_French_Republic" title="Provisional Government of the French Republic">Provisional Government</a><br />(1944–1946)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aim%C3%A9_Lepercq" title="Aimé Lepercq">Lepercq</a> (September–November 1944)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Pleven" title="René Pleven">Pleven</a> (November 1944–January 1946)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Philip" title="André Philip">Philip</a> (January–June 1946)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Schuman" title="Robert Schuman">Schuman</a> (June–October 1946)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/French_Fourth_Republic" title="French Fourth Republic">Fourth Republic</a><br />(1946–1958)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Schuman" title="Robert Schuman">Schuman</a> (October–December 1946)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Philip" title="André Philip">Philip</a> (December 1946–January 1947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Schuman" title="Robert Schuman">Schuman</a> (January–November 1947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Mayer" title="René Mayer">Mayer</a> (November 1947–July 1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Reynaud" title="Paul Reynaud">Reynaud</a> (July–September 1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Pineau" title="Christian Pineau">Pineau</a> (5 September–11 September 1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_Queuille" title="Henri Queuille">Queuille</a> (September 1948–January 1949)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maurice_Petsche&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maurice Petsche (page does not exist)">Petsche</a> (1949–1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Mayer" title="René Mayer">Mayer</a> (1951–January 1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgar_Faure" title="Edgar Faure">Faure</a> (January–March 1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoine_Pinay" title="Antoine Pinay">Pinay</a> (March 1952–January 1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Bourg%C3%A8s-Maunoury" title="Maurice Bourgès-Maunoury">Bourgès-Maunoury</a> (January–June 1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgar_Faure" title="Edgar Faure">Faure</a> (1953–1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Buron" title="Robert Buron">Buron</a> (January–February 1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Pflimlin" title="Pierre Pflimlin">Pflimlin</a> (February 1955–February 1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Lacoste" title="Robert Lacoste">Lacoste</a> (1 February–14 February 1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Ramadier" title="Paul Ramadier">Ramadier</a> (February 1956–June 1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9lix_Gaillard" title="Félix Gaillard">Gaillard</a> (June–November 1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Pflimlin" title="Pierre Pflimlin">Pflimlin</a> (November 1957–May 1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgar_Faure" title="Edgar Faure">Faure</a> (May–June 1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoine_Pinay" title="Antoine Pinay">Pinay</a> (June–October 1958)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/French_Fifth_Republic" title="French Fifth Republic">Fifth Republic</a><br />(1958–present)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antoine_Pinay" title="Antoine Pinay">Pinay</a> (October 1958–1960)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wilfrid_Baumgartner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wilfrid Baumgartner (page does not exist)">Baumgartner</a> (1960–1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Val%C3%A9ry_Giscard_d%27Estaing" title="Valéry Giscard d'Estaing">Giscard d'Estaing</a> (1962–1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Debr%C3%A9" title="Michel Debré">Debré</a> (1966–May 1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Couve_de_Murville" title="Maurice Couve de Murville">Couve de Murville</a> (May–July 1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-Xavier_Ortoli" title="François-Xavier Ortoli">Ortoli</a> (July 1968–June 1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Val%C3%A9ry_Giscard_d%27Estaing" title="Valéry Giscard d'Estaing">Giscard d'Estaing</a> (1969–1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Fourcade" title="Jean-Pierre Fourcade">Fourcade</a> (1974–1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Barre" title="Raymond Barre">Barre</a> (1976–1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Monory" title="René Monory">Monory</a> (1978–1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Delors" title="Jacques Delors">Delors</a> (1981–1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_B%C3%A9r%C3%A9govoy" title="Pierre Bérégovoy">Bérégovoy</a> (1984–1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Balladur" title="Édouard Balladur">Balladur</a> (1986–1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_B%C3%A9r%C3%A9govoy" title="Pierre Bérégovoy">Bérégovoy</a> (1988–1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Sapin" title="Michel Sapin">Sapin</a> (1992–1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmond_Alphand%C3%A9ry" title="Edmond Alphandéry">Alphandéry</a> (1993–May 1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alain_Madelin" title="Alain Madelin">Madelin</a> (May–August 1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Arthuis" title="Jean Arthuis">Arthuis</a> (August 1995–1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominique_Strauss-Kahn" title="Dominique Strauss-Kahn">Strauss-Kahn</a> (1997–1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Sautter" title="Christian Sautter">Sautter</a> (1999–2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurent_Fabius" title="Laurent Fabius">Fabius</a> (2000–2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Mer" title="Francis Mer">Mer</a> (2002–2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Sarkozy" title="Nicolas Sarkozy">Sarkozy</a> (March–November 2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herv%C3%A9_Gaymard" title="Hervé Gaymard">Gaymard</a> (November 2004–2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thierry_Breton" title="Thierry Breton">Breton</a> (2005–May 2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Louis_Borloo" title="Jean-Louis Borloo">Borloo</a> (May–June 2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christine_Lagarde" title="Christine Lagarde">Lagarde</a> (June 2007–2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Baroin" title="François Baroin">Baroin</a> (2011–2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Moscovici" title="Pierre Moscovici">Moscovici</a> (2012–2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Sapin" title="Michel Sapin">Sapin</a> (2014–2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruno_Le_Maire" title="Bruno Le Maire">Le Maire</a> (2017–2024)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoine_Armand" title="Antoine Armand">Armand</a> (2024–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q445780#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q445780#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q445780#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/122824458">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n86013800">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12129687r">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12129687r">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1716210">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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