CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Blazon - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"3c7553fb-410e-441a-bea1-a518104c1233","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Blazon","wgTitle":"Blazon","wgCurRevisionId":1248572683,"wgRevisionId":1248572683,"wgArticleId":7954365,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference","Webarchive template wayback links","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","EngvarB from December 2017","Use dmy dates from December 2017","Articles needing additional references from June 2009","All articles needing additional references","Articles containing French-language text","Articles containing German-language text","CS1: long volume value" ,"Commons link is locally defined","Heraldry","Vexillology","Technical terminology"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Blazon","wgRelevantArticleId":7954365,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":30000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false, "wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q120083528","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","mediawiki.page.gallery.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=[ "ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.gallery","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cmediawiki.page.gallery.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Blazon - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blazon"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Blazon&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blazon"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Blazon rootpage-Blazon skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Blazon" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Blazon" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Blazon" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Blazon" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Etymology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etymology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Etymology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etymology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Grammar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Grammar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Grammar</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Grammar-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Grammar subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Grammar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-French_vocabulary_and_grammar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#French_vocabulary_and_grammar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>French vocabulary and grammar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-French_vocabulary_and_grammar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Complexity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Complexity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Complexity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Complexity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Points" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Points"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Points</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Points-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Inescutcheon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Inescutcheon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Inescutcheon</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Inescutcheon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Divisions_of_the_field" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Divisions_of_the_field"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Divisions of the field</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Divisions_of_the_field-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ordinaries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ordinaries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Ordinaries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ordinaries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Charges" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Charges"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Charges</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Charges-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Marshalling" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Marshalling"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Marshalling</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Marshalling-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Variations_of_the_field" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Variations_of_the_field"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Variations of the field</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Variations_of_the_field-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Differencing_and_cadency" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Differencing_and_cadency"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Differencing and cadency</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Differencing_and_cadency-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Blazon</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 8 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-8" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">8 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blason" title="Blason – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Blason" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geirfa_herodraeth" title="Geirfa herodraeth – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Geirfa herodraeth" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%96%D7%95%D7%9F" title="בלאזון – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="בלאזון" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%ADmerle%C3%ADr%C3%A1s" title="Címerleírás – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Címerleírás" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jabaran_jata" title="Jabaran jata – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Jabaran jata" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B4%8B%E7%AB%A0%E8%A8%98%E8%BF%B0" title="紋章記述 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="紋章記述" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blaz%C3%B3n" title="Blazón – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Blazón" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Блазон – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Блазон" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q120083528#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Blazon" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Blazon" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Blazon"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Blazon&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Blazon&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Blazon"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Blazon&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Blazon&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Blazon" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Blazon" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Blazon&oldid=1248572683" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Blazon&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Blazon&id=1248572683&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FBlazon"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FBlazon"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Blazon&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Blazon&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q120083528" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Art of describing heraldic arms in proper terms</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about heraldry. For the term used in Romantic poetry, see <a href="/wiki/Blason" title="Blason">Blason</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Blazon" title="Special:EditPage/Blazon">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Blazon%22">"Blazon"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Blazon%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Blazon%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Blazon%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Blazon%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Blazon%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2009</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of a <a href="/wiki/Category:Heraldry" title="Category:Heraldry">series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Heraldry" title="Heraldry">Heraldic</a> <a href="/wiki/Achievement_(heraldry)" title="Achievement (heraldry)">achievement</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-above"> External devices in addition to the central <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms" title="Coat of arms">coat of arms</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="background-color:white; padding:0 0.5em;"> <div style="position: relative; width:250px; float:right; margin-left:12px; border:none;"> <div style="position: relative;"> <div style="position: absolute; font-size:normal; left: 84px; top: 195px; padding: 0;"><b><a href="/wiki/Escutcheon_(heraldry)" title="Escutcheon (heraldry)">Escutcheon </a></b></div> <div style="position: absolute; font-size:smaller; left: 79px; top: 160px; padding: 0;"><b><a href="/wiki/Field_(heraldry)" title="Field (heraldry)">Field</a></b></div> <div style="position: absolute; font-size:smaller; left: 5px; top: 140px; padding: 0;"><b><a href="/wiki/Supporter" title="Supporter">Supporter</a></b></div> <div style="position: absolute; font-size:normal; left: 108px; top: 25px; padding: 0;"><b><a href="/wiki/Crest_(heraldry)" title="Crest (heraldry)">Crest</a></b></div> <div style="position: absolute; font-size:smaller; left: 112px; top: 48px; padding: 0;"><b><a href="/wiki/Torse" title="Torse">Torse</a></b></div> <div style="position: absolute; font-size:smaller; left: 160px; top: 75px; padding: 0;"><b><a href="/wiki/Mantling" title="Mantling">Mantling</a></b></div> <div style="position: absolute; font-size:normal; left: 100px; top: 78px; padding: 0;"><b><a href="/wiki/Helmet_(heraldry)" title="Helmet (heraldry)">Helmet</a></b></div> <div style="position: absolute; font-size:normal; left: 100px; top: 95px; padding: 0;"><b><a href="/wiki/Crown_(heraldry)" title="Crown (heraldry)">Crown</a></b></div> <div style="position: absolute; font-size:normal; left: 78px; top: 238px; padding: 0;"><b><a href="/wiki/Compartment_(heraldry)" title="Compartment (heraldry)">Compartment</a></b></div> <div style="position: absolute; font-size:smaller; left: 125px; top: 168px; padding: 0;"><b><a href="/wiki/Charge_(heraldry)" title="Charge (heraldry)">Charge</a></b></div> <div style="position: absolute; font-size:smaller; left: 75px; top: 260px; padding: 0;"><b><a href="/wiki/Motto#Mottos_in_heraldry" title="Motto">Motto</a></b> (or <b><a href="/wiki/Slogan_(heraldry)" title="Slogan (heraldry)">slogan</a></b>)</div> <div style="position: absolute; font-size:larger; left: 73px; top: 115px; padding: 0;"><b><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms" title="Coat of arms">Coat of arms</a></b></div> <span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat-elements.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Outline of a coat of arms" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Coat-elements.png/250px-Coat-elements.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Coat-elements.png/375px-Coat-elements.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Coat-elements.png/500px-Coat-elements.png 2x" data-file-width="609" data-file-height="731" /></a></span></div> </div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Azure%2C_a_bend_Or.svg/14px-Azure%2C_a_bend_Or.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Azure%2C_a_bend_Or.svg/22px-Azure%2C_a_bend_Or.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Azure%2C_a_bend_Or.svg/29px-Azure%2C_a_bend_Or.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Heraldry" title="Portal:Heraldry">Heraldry portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Heraldic_achievement" title="Template:Heraldic achievement"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Heraldic_achievement" class="mw-redirect" title="Template talk:Heraldic achievement"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Heraldic_achievement" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Heraldic achievement"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Heraldry" title="Heraldry">heraldry</a> and heraldic <a href="/wiki/Vexillology" title="Vexillology">vexillology</a>, a <b>blazon</b> is a formal description of a <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms" title="Coat of arms">coat of arms</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flag" title="Flag">flag</a> or similar <a href="/wiki/Emblem" title="Emblem">emblem</a>, from which the reader can reconstruct the appropriate image. The verb <i>to blazon</i> means to create such a description. The visual depiction of a coat of arms or flag has traditionally had considerable latitude in design, but a verbal blazon specifies the essentially distinctive elements. A coat of arms or flag is therefore primarily defined not by a picture but rather by the wording of its blazon (though in modern usage flags are often additionally and more precisely defined using geometrical specifications). <i>Blazon</i> is also the specialized language in which a blazon is written, and, as a verb, the act of writing such a description. <i>Blazonry</i> is the art, craft or practice of creating a blazon. The language employed in <i>blazonry</i> has its own <a href="/wiki/Vocabulary" title="Vocabulary">vocabulary</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grammar" title="Grammar">grammar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Syntax" title="Syntax">syntax</a>, which becomes essential for comprehension when blazoning a complex coat of arms. </p><p>Other armorial objects and devices – such as <a href="/wiki/Badge" title="Badge">badges</a>, <a href="/wiki/Banner" title="Banner">banners</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Seal_(emblem)" title="Seal (emblem)">seals</a> – may also be described in blazon. </p><p>The noun and verb <i>blazon</i> (referring to a verbal description) are not to be confused with the noun <i>emblazonment</i>, or the verb <i>to emblazon</i>, both of which relate to the graphic representation of a coat of arms or heraldic device. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Blazon&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The word <i>blazon</i> is derived from French <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">blason</i></span>, <span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">shield</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>. It is found in English by the end of the 14th century.<sup id="cite_ref-oed_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oed-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Formerly, heraldic authorities believed that the word was related to the German verb <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">blasen</i></span> <span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">to blow (a horn)</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Present-day lexicographers reject this theory as conjectural and disproved.<sup id="cite_ref-oed_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oed-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Grammar">Grammar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Blazon&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Grammar"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Blazon is generally designed to eliminate ambiguity of interpretation, to be as concise as possible, and to avoid repetition and extraneous punctuation. English <a href="/wiki/Antiquarian" title="Antiquarian">antiquarian</a> <a href="/wiki/Charles_Boutell" title="Charles Boutell">Charles Boutell</a> stated in 1864: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p><i>Heraldic language</i> is most concise, and it is always minutely exact, definite, and explicit; all unnecessary words are omitted, and all repetitions are carefully avoided; and, at the same time, every detail is specified with absolute precision. The nomenclature is equally significant, and its aim is to combine definitive exactness with a brevity that is indeed <a href="/wiki/Laconic" class="mw-redirect" title="Laconic">laconic</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>However, <a href="/wiki/John_Brooke-Little" title="John Brooke-Little">John Brooke-Little</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norroy_and_Ulster_King_of_Arms" title="Norroy and Ulster King of Arms">Norroy and Ulster King of Arms</a>, wrote in 1985: "Although there are certain conventions as to how arms shall be blazoned ... many of the supposedly hard and fast rules laid down in heraldic manuals [including those by heralds] are often ignored."<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A given coat of arms may be drawn in many different ways, all considered equivalent and faithful to the blazon, just as the letter "A" may be printed in many different <a href="/wiki/Font" title="Font">fonts</a> while still being the same letter. For example, the shape of the <a href="/wiki/Escutcheon_(heraldry)" title="Escutcheon (heraldry)">escutcheon</a> is almost always immaterial, with very limited exceptions (e.g., the <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Nunavut" title="Coat of arms of Nunavut">coat of arms of Nunavut</a>, for which a round shield is specified). </p><p>The main conventions of blazon are as follows: </p> <ul><li>Every blazon of a coat of arms begins by describing the <a href="/wiki/Field_(heraldry)" title="Field (heraldry)">field</a> (background), with the first letter capitalised, followed by a <a href="/wiki/Comma" title="Comma">comma</a> ",". In a majority of cases this is a single <a href="/wiki/Tincture_(heraldry)" title="Tincture (heraldry)">tincture</a>; e.g. <i><a href="/wiki/Azure_(heraldry)" title="Azure (heraldry)">Azure</a></i> (blue).</li> <li>If the field is complex, the <a href="/wiki/Variation_of_the_field" title="Variation of the field">variation</a> is described, followed by the tinctures used; e.g. <i>Chequy gules and argent</i> (checkered red and white).</li> <li>If the shield is <a href="/wiki/Division_of_the_field" title="Division of the field">divided</a>, the division is described, followed by the tinctures of the subfields, beginning with the <a href="/wiki/Dexter_and_sinister" title="Dexter and sinister">dexter</a> side (shield bearer's right, but viewer's left) of the <i>chief</i> (upper) edge; e.g. <i>Party per pale argent and vert</i> (dexter half silver, <a href="/wiki/Dexter_and_sinister" title="Dexter and sinister">sinister</a> half green), or <i><a href="/wiki/Quartering_(heraldry)" title="Quartering (heraldry)">Quarterly</a> argent and gules</i> (clockwise from viewer's top left, i.e. <i>dexter chief</i>: white, red, white, red). In the case of a divided shield, it is common for the word "party" or "parted" to be omitted (e.g., <i>Per pale argent and vert, a tree eradicated counterchanged</i>).</li> <li>Some authorities prefer to capitalise the names of tinctures and charges, but this convention is far from universal. Where tinctures are not capitalised, an exception may be made for the metal <i><a href="/wiki/Or_(heraldry)" title="Or (heraldry)">Or</a></i>, in order to avoid confusion with the English word "or". Where space is at a premium, tincture names may be abbreviated: e.g., <i>ar.</i> for <i><a href="/wiki/Argent" title="Argent">argent</a></i>, <i>gu.</i> for <i><a href="/wiki/Gules" title="Gules">gules</a></i>, <i>az.</i> for <i><a href="/wiki/Azure_(heraldry)" title="Azure (heraldry)">azure</a></i>, <i>sa.</i> for <i><a href="/wiki/Sable_(heraldry)" title="Sable (heraldry)">sable</a></i>, and <i>purp.</i> for <i><a href="/wiki/Purpure" title="Purpure">purpure</a></i>.</li> <li>Following the description of the field, the principal <a href="/wiki/Ordinary_(heraldry)" title="Ordinary (heraldry)">ordinary</a> or ordinaries and <a href="/wiki/Charge_(heraldry)" title="Charge (heraldry)">charge</a>(s) are named, with their tincture(s); e.g., <i>a <a href="/wiki/Bend_(heraldry)" title="Bend (heraldry)">bend</a> or.</i></li> <li>The principal ordinary or charge is followed by any other charges placed on or around it. If a charge is a bird or a beast, its <a href="/wiki/Attitude_(heraldry)" title="Attitude (heraldry)">attitude</a> is defined, followed by the creature's tincture, followed by anything that may be differently coloured; e.g. <i>An eagle <b>displayed</b> gules <b>armed</b> and wings charged with trefoils or</i> (see the <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Brandenburg" title="Coat of arms of Brandenburg">coat of arms of Brandenburg</a> below). If the charge is a tree then it may be described by its shape or its leaves; <i>eradicated</i> means its roots are shown.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tincture_(heraldry)#Counterchanging" title="Tincture (heraldry)">Counterchanged</a></i> means that a charge which straddles a line of division is given the same tinctures as the divided field, but reversed (see the arms of Behnsdorf below).</li> <li>A <a href="/wiki/Quartering_(heraldry)" title="Quartering (heraldry)">quartered</a> (composite) shield is blazoned one quarter (panel) at a time, proceeding by rows from chief (top) to base, and within each row from dexter (the right side of the bearer holding the shield) to sinister; in other words, from the viewer's left to right.</li> <li>Following the description of the shield, any additional components of the <a href="/wiki/Achievement_(heraldry)" title="Achievement (heraldry)">achievement</a> – such as <a href="/wiki/Crown_(heraldry)" title="Crown (heraldry)">crown</a>/<a href="/wiki/Coronet" title="Coronet">coronet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Helmet_(heraldry)" title="Helmet (heraldry)">helmet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Torse" title="Torse">torse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mantling" title="Mantling">mantling</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crest_(heraldry)" title="Crest (heraldry)">crest</a>, <a href="/wiki/Motto" title="Motto">motto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Supporter" title="Supporter">supporters</a> and <a href="/wiki/Compartment_(heraldry)" title="Compartment (heraldry)">compartment</a> – are described in turn, using the same terminology and syntax.</li> <li>A convention often followed historically was to name a tincture explicitly only once within a given blazon. If the same tincture was found in different places within the arms, this was addressed either by ordering all elements of like tincture together prior to the tincture name (e.g., <i>Argent, two chevrons and a canton gules</i>); or by naming the tincture only at its first occurrence, and referring to it at subsequent occurrences obliquely, for example by use of the phrase "of the field" (e.g., <i>Argent, two chevrons and on a canton gules a lion passant of the field</i>); or by reference to its numerical place in the sequence of named tinctures (e.g., <i>Argent, two chevrons and on a canton gules a lion passant of the first</i>: in both these examples, the lion is <i>argent</i>). However, these conventions are now avoided by the <a href="/wiki/College_of_Arms" title="College of Arms">College of Arms</a> in London, England, and by most other formal granting bodies, as they may introduce ambiguity to complex blazons.<sup id="cite_ref-CoA_style_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CoA_style-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>It is common to print all heraldic blazons in <a href="/wiki/Italic_type" title="Italic type">italic</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CoA_style_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CoA_style-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Heraldry has its own vocabulary, word-order and punctuation, and presenting it in italics indicates to the reader the use of a quasi-foreign language.</li></ul> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Azure,_a_bend_Or.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Azure, a bend or. A coat made famous by the medieval court case Scrope v. Grosvenor."><img alt="Azure, a bend or. A coat made famous by the medieval court case Scrope v. Grosvenor." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Azure%2C_a_bend_Or.svg/120px-Azure%2C_a_bend_Or.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Azure%2C_a_bend_Or.svg/180px-Azure%2C_a_bend_Or.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Azure%2C_a_bend_Or.svg/240px-Azure%2C_a_bend_Or.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Azure_(heraldry)" title="Azure (heraldry)">Azure</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Bend_(heraldry)" title="Bend (heraldry)">bend</a> <a href="/wiki/Or_(heraldry)" title="Or (heraldry)">or</a>.</i> A coat made famous by the medieval court case <i><a href="/wiki/Scrope_v._Grosvenor" class="mw-redirect" title="Scrope v. Grosvenor">Scrope v. Grosvenor</a></i>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DE-ST_15-0-83-230_Behnsdorf_COA.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Party per pale argent and vert, a tree eradicated counterchanged. Arms of Behnsdorf."><img alt="Party per pale argent and vert, a tree eradicated counterchanged. Arms of Behnsdorf." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/DE-ST_15-0-83-230_Behnsdorf_COA.png/120px-DE-ST_15-0-83-230_Behnsdorf_COA.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/DE-ST_15-0-83-230_Behnsdorf_COA.png/180px-DE-ST_15-0-83-230_Behnsdorf_COA.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/DE-ST_15-0-83-230_Behnsdorf_COA.png/240px-DE-ST_15-0-83-230_Behnsdorf_COA.png 2x" data-file-width="591" data-file-height="660" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Party per pale argent and vert, a tree eradicated counterchanged.</i> Arms of <a href="/wiki/Behnsdorf" title="Behnsdorf">Behnsdorf</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DEU_Brandenburg_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Argent, an eagle displayed gules armed and wings charged with trefoils Or. Arms of Brandenburg."><img alt="Argent, an eagle displayed gules armed and wings charged with trefoils Or. Arms of Brandenburg." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/DEU_Brandenburg_COA.svg/120px-DEU_Brandenburg_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/DEU_Brandenburg_COA.svg/180px-DEU_Brandenburg_COA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/DEU_Brandenburg_COA.svg/240px-DEU_Brandenburg_COA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="611" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Argent, an eagle displayed gules armed and wings charged with trefoils Or.</i> Arms of <a href="/wiki/Brandenburg" title="Brandenburg">Brandenburg</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Arms_of_Winston_Churchill.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Quarterly 1st and 4th Sable a lion rampant on a canton Argent a cross Gules; 2nd and 3rd quarterly Argent and Gules in the 2nd and 3rd quarters a fret Or overall on a bend Sable three escallops of the first and as an augmentation in chief an inescutcheon, Argent a cross Gules and thereon an inescutcheon Azure, three fleurs-de-lis Or. Arms of Churchill.[8]"><img alt="Quarterly 1st and 4th Sable a lion rampant on a canton Argent a cross Gules; 2nd and 3rd quarterly Argent and Gules in the 2nd and 3rd quarters a fret Or overall on a bend Sable three escallops of the first and as an augmentation in chief an inescutcheon, Argent a cross Gules and thereon an inescutcheon Azure, three fleurs-de-lis Or. Arms of Churchill.[8]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Arms_of_Winston_Churchill.svg/120px-Arms_of_Winston_Churchill.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Arms_of_Winston_Churchill.svg/180px-Arms_of_Winston_Churchill.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Arms_of_Winston_Churchill.svg/240px-Arms_of_Winston_Churchill.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="478" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Quarterly 1st and 4th Sable a lion rampant on a canton Argent a cross Gules; 2nd and 3rd quarterly Argent and Gules in the 2nd and 3rd quarters a fret Or overall on a bend Sable three escallops of the first and as an augmentation in chief an inescutcheon, Argent a cross Gules and thereon an inescutcheon Azure, three fleurs-de-lis Or.</i> Arms of <a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Churchill</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="French_vocabulary_and_grammar">French vocabulary and grammar</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Blazon&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: French vocabulary and grammar"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Because heraldry developed at a time when English clerks wrote in <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Norman_French" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglo-Norman French">Anglo-Norman French</a>, many terms in English heraldry are of French origin. Some of the details of the syntax of blazon also follow French practice: thus, <a href="/wiki/Adjective" title="Adjective">adjectives</a> are normally placed after <a href="/wiki/Noun" title="Noun">nouns</a> rather than before. </p><p>A number of heraldic adjectives may be given in either a French or an anglicised form: for example, a <i><a href="/wiki/Cross_patt%C3%A9e" title="Cross pattée">cross pattée</a></i> or a <i>cross patty</i>; a <i><a href="/wiki/Cross_fitch%C3%A9e" class="mw-redirect" title="Cross fitchée">cross fitchée</a></i> or a <i>cross fitchy</i>. In modern English blazons, the anglicised form tends to be preferred.<sup id="cite_ref-CoA_style_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CoA_style-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Where the French form is used, a problem may arise as to the appropriate adjectival ending, determined in normal French usage by gender and number. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>"To describe two hands as <i>appaumées</i>, because the word <i>main</i> is feminine in French, savours somewhat of pedantry. A person may be a good armorist, and a tolerable French scholar, and still be uncertain whether an escallop-shell covered with <a href="/wiki/Bezant" title="Bezant">bezants</a> should be blazoned as bezanté or bezantée".</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>(<a href="/wiki/John_Edwin_Cussans" title="John Edwin Cussans">John Edwin Cussans</a>), The Handbook of Heraldry, <sup id="cite_ref-Cussans_p47_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cussans_p47-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <p>The usual convention in English heraldry is to adhere to the feminine singular form, for example: <i>a chief undée</i> and <i>a saltire undée</i>, even though the French nouns <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">chef</i></span> and <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">sautoir</i></span> are in fact masculine. Efforts have been made to ignore grammatical correctness, for example by <a href="/wiki/John_Edwin_Cussans" title="John Edwin Cussans">J. E. Cussans</a>, who suggested that all French adjectives should be expressed in the masculine singular, without regard to the gender and number of the nouns they qualify, thus <i>a chief undé</i> and <i>a saltire undé</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Cussans_p47_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cussans_p47-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Complexity">Complexity</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Blazon&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Complexity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Full descriptions of shields range in complexity, from a single word to a convoluted series describing compound shields: </p> <ul><li>Arms of <a href="/wiki/Brittany" title="Brittany">Brittany</a>: <i><a href="/wiki/Ermine_(heraldry)" title="Ermine (heraldry)">Ermine</a></i></li> <li><i>Azure, a Bend Or</i>, over which the families of <a href="/wiki/Scrope" title="Scrope">Scrope</a> and <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Westminster" title="Duke of Westminster">Grosvenor</a> fought a famous legal battle (see <i><a href="/wiki/Scrope_v._Grosvenor" class="mw-redirect" title="Scrope v. Grosvenor">Scrope v. Grosvenor</a></i> and image above).</li> <li>Arms of <a href="/wiki/%C3%96sterg%C3%B6tland" title="Östergötland">Östergötland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a>: <i>Gules, a Griffin with dragon wings tail and tongue <a href="/wiki/Attitude_(heraldry)#Rampant" title="Attitude (heraldry)">rampant</a> Or armed beaked langued and membered Azure between four Roses Argent</i>.</li> <li>Arms of <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a> dating from 1867, when part of <a href="/wiki/Austria-Hungary" title="Austria-Hungary">Austria-Hungary</a>:</li></ul> <blockquote> <p><i>Quarterly I. Azure three Lions' Heads affronté Crowned Or (for <a href="/wiki/Dalmatia" title="Dalmatia">Dalmatia</a>); II. <a href="/wiki/Chequy" class="mw-redirect" title="Chequy">chequy</a> Argent and <a href="/wiki/Gules" title="Gules">Gules</a> (for <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a>); III. Azure a River in Fess Gules bordered <a href="/wiki/Argent" title="Argent">Argent</a> thereon a Marten proper beneath a <a href="/wiki/Six-pointed_star" class="mw-redirect" title="Six-pointed star">six-pointed star</a> Or (for <a href="/wiki/Slavonia" title="Slavonia">Slavonia</a>); IV. per Fess Azure and Or over all a Bar Gules in the Chief a demi-Eagle Sable displayed addextré of the Sun-in-splendour and senestré of a Crescent Argent in the Base seven Towers three and four Gules (for <a href="/wiki/Transylvania" title="Transylvania">Transylvania</a>); enté en point Gules a double-headed Eagle proper on a Peninsula Vert holding a Vase pouring Water into the Sea Argent beneath a Crown proper with bands Azure (for <a href="/wiki/Fiume" class="mw-redirect" title="Fiume">Fiume</a>); over all an <a href="/wiki/Escutcheon_(heraldry)" title="Escutcheon (heraldry)">escutcheon</a> Barry of eight Gules and Argent impaling Gules on a Mount Vert a Crown Or issuant therefrom a double-Cross Argent (for <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a>)</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 173.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 171.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Arms_of_Jean_III_de_Bretagne.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Arms of Brittany"><img alt="Arms of Brittany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Arms_of_Jean_III_de_Bretagne.svg/257px-Arms_of_Jean_III_de_Bretagne.svg.png" decoding="async" width="172" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Arms_of_Jean_III_de_Bretagne.svg/386px-Arms_of_Jean_III_de_Bretagne.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Arms_of_Jean_III_de_Bretagne.svg/515px-Arms_of_Jean_III_de_Bretagne.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="478" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Arms of <a href="/wiki/Brittany" title="Brittany">Brittany</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 164px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 162px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PB_Ostergotland_CoA.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Arms of Östergötland"><img alt="Arms of Östergötland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/PB_Ostergotland_CoA.png/243px-PB_Ostergotland_CoA.png" decoding="async" width="162" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/PB_Ostergotland_CoA.png/364px-PB_Ostergotland_CoA.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/PB_Ostergotland_CoA.png/485px-PB_Ostergotland_CoA.png 2x" data-file-width="733" data-file-height="906" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Arms of <a href="/wiki/%C3%96sterg%C3%B6tland" title="Östergötland">Östergötland</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 153.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coa_Hungary_Country_History_Mid_(1867).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Arms of Hungary (1867)"><img alt="Arms of Hungary (1867)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Coa_Hungary_Country_History_Mid_%281867%29.svg/230px-Coa_Hungary_Country_History_Mid_%281867%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="154" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Coa_Hungary_Country_History_Mid_%281867%29.svg/345px-Coa_Hungary_Country_History_Mid_%281867%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Coa_Hungary_Country_History_Mid_%281867%29.svg/460px-Coa_Hungary_Country_History_Mid_%281867%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Arms of <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a> (1867)</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Points">Points</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Blazon&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Points"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Escutcheon_(heraldry)#Points" title="Escutcheon (heraldry)">Escutcheon (heraldry) § Points</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Inescutcheon">Inescutcheon</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Blazon&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Inescutcheon"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Escutcheon_(heraldry)#Inescutcheon" title="Escutcheon (heraldry)">Escutcheon (heraldry) § Inescutcheon</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Divisions_of_the_field">Divisions of the field</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Blazon&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Divisions of the field"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Varpaisj%C3%A4rvi.vaakuna.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Varpaisj%C3%A4rvi.vaakuna.svg/100px-Varpaisj%C3%A4rvi.vaakuna.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Varpaisj%C3%A4rvi.vaakuna.svg/150px-Varpaisj%C3%A4rvi.vaakuna.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Varpaisj%C3%A4rvi.vaakuna.svg/200px-Varpaisj%C3%A4rvi.vaakuna.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="547" /></a><figcaption>A shield parted per pale and per fir twig fess</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Division_of_the_field" title="Division of the field">Division of the field</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Field_(heraldry)" title="Field (heraldry)">field</a> of a <a href="/wiki/Shield" title="Shield">shield</a> in heraldry can be divided into more than one <a href="/wiki/Tincture_(heraldry)" title="Tincture (heraldry)">tincture</a>, as can the various <a href="/wiki/Charge_(heraldry)" title="Charge (heraldry)">heraldic charges</a>. Many coats of arms consist simply of a division of the field into two contrasting tinctures. These are considered divisions of a shield, so the rule of tincture can be ignored. For example, a shield divided azure and gules would be perfectly acceptable. A line of partition may be straight or it may be varied. The variations of partition lines can be wavy, indented, embattled, engrailed, <a href="/wiki/Nebuly" class="mw-redirect" title="Nebuly">nebuly</a>, or made into myriad other forms; see <a href="/wiki/Line_(heraldry)" title="Line (heraldry)">Line (heraldry)</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ordinaries">Ordinaries</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Blazon&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Ordinaries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Ordinary_(heraldry)" title="Ordinary (heraldry)">Ordinary (heraldry)</a></div> <p>In the early days of heraldry, very simple bold rectilinear shapes were painted on shields. These could be easily recognized at a long distance and could be easily remembered. They therefore served the main purpose of heraldry: identification.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As more complicated shields came into use, these bold shapes were set apart in a separate class as the "honorable ordinaries". They act as charges and are always written first in blazon. Unless otherwise specified they extend to the edges of the field. Though ordinaries are not easily defined, they are generally described as including the <a href="/wiki/Cross" title="Cross">cross</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Fess" title="Fess">fess</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Pale_(heraldry)" title="Pale (heraldry)">pale</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Bend_(heraldry)" title="Bend (heraldry)">bend</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Chevron_(insignia)" title="Chevron (insignia)">chevron</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Saltire" title="Saltire">saltire</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Pall_(heraldry)" title="Pall (heraldry)">pall</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There is a separate class of charges called sub-ordinaries which are of a geometrical shape subordinate to the ordinary. According to Friar, they are distinguished by their order in blazon. The sub-ordinaries include the <a href="/wiki/Escutcheon_(heraldry)" title="Escutcheon (heraldry)">inescutcheon</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Ordinary_(heraldry)#Subordinaries" title="Ordinary (heraldry)">orle</a>, the tressure, the double tressure, the <a href="/wiki/Bordure" title="Bordure">bordure</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Chief_(heraldry)" title="Chief (heraldry)">chief</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Canton_(heraldry)" title="Canton (heraldry)">canton</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Label_(heraldry)" title="Label (heraldry)">label</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Flaunch" title="Flaunch">flaunches</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ordinaries may appear in parallel series, in which case blazons in English give them different names such as pallets, bars, bendlets, and chevronels. French blazon makes no such distinction between these diminutives and the ordinaries when borne singly. Unless otherwise specified an ordinary is drawn with straight lines, but each may be indented, embattled, wavy, engrailed, or otherwise have their lines varied.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Charges">Charges</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Blazon&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Charges"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Charge_(heraldry)" title="Charge (heraldry)">Charge (heraldry)</a></div> <p>A charge is any object or figure placed on a heraldic shield or on any other object of an armorial composition.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Any object found in nature or technology may appear as a heraldic charge in armory. Charges can be animals, objects, or geometric shapes. Apart from the ordinaries, the most frequent charges are the <a href="/wiki/Cross" title="Cross">cross</a> – with its hundreds of variations – and the <a href="/wiki/Lion_(heraldry)" title="Lion (heraldry)">lion</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eagle_(heraldry)" title="Eagle (heraldry)">eagle</a>. Other common animals are <a href="/wiki/Deer" title="Deer">stags</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wild_boar" title="Wild boar">wild boars</a>, <a href="/wiki/Martlet" title="Martlet">martlets</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Fish" title="Fish">fish</a>. <a href="/wiki/European_dragon" title="European dragon">Dragons</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bat#The_bat_in_heraldry" title="Bat">bats</a>, <a href="/wiki/Unicorn" title="Unicorn">unicorns</a>, <a href="/wiki/Griffin" title="Griffin">griffins</a>, and more exotic monsters appear as charges and as <a href="/wiki/Supporters" class="mw-redirect" title="Supporters">supporters</a>. </p><p>Animals are found in various stereotyped positions or <i><a href="/wiki/Attitude_(heraldry)" title="Attitude (heraldry)">attitudes</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Quadruped" class="mw-redirect" title="Quadruped">Quadrupeds</a> can often be found rampant (standing on the left hind foot). Another frequent position is <a href="/wiki/Passant_guardant" class="mw-redirect" title="Passant guardant">passant</a>, or walking, like the lions of the <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_England" title="Coat of arms of England">coat of arms of England</a>. Eagles are almost always shown with their wings spread, or displayed. A pair of wings conjoined is called a <a href="/wiki/Vol_(heraldry)" title="Vol (heraldry)">vol</a>. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/English_heraldry" title="English heraldry">English heraldry</a> the <a href="/wiki/Crescent" title="Crescent">crescent</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mullet_(heraldry)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mullet (heraldry)">mullet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Martlet" title="Martlet">martlet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Annulet_(heraldry)" title="Annulet (heraldry)">annulet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fleur-de-lis" title="Fleur-de-lis">fleur-de-lis</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Rose_(heraldry)" title="Rose (heraldry)">rose</a> may be added to a shield to distinguish <a href="/wiki/Cadency" title="Cadency">cadet</a> branches of a family from the senior line. These cadency marks are usually shown smaller than normal charges, but it still does not follow that a shield containing such a charge belongs to a cadet branch. All of these charges occur frequently in basic undifferenced coats of arms.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Marshalling">Marshalling</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Blazon&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Marshalling"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Heraldry#Marshalling" title="Heraldry">Heraldry § Marshalling</a></div> <p>To <i>marshal</i> two or more coats of arms is to combine them in one shield. This can be done in a number of ways, of which the simplest is <a href="/wiki/Impalement_(heraldry)" title="Impalement (heraldry)">impalement</a>: <a href="/wiki/Division_of_the_field" title="Division of the field">dividing the field</a> <i>per pale</i> and putting one whole coat in each half. Impalement replaced the earlier <a href="/wiki/Dimidiation" title="Dimidiation">dimidiation</a> –  combining the dexter half of one coat with the sinister half of another –  because dimidiation can create ambiguity. </p><p>A more versatile method is <a href="/wiki/Quartering_(heraldry)" title="Quartering (heraldry)">quartering</a>, division of the field by both vertical and horizontal lines. As the name implies, the usual number of divisions is four, but the principle has been extended to very large numbers of "quarters". </p><p>The third common mode of marshalling is with an <a href="/wiki/Inescutcheon" title="Inescutcheon">inescutcheon</a>, a small shield placed in front of the main shield. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Variations_of_the_field">Variations of the field</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Blazon&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Variations of the field"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Variation_of_the_field" title="Variation of the field">Variation of the field</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Field_(heraldry)" title="Field (heraldry)">field</a> of a shield, or less often a charge or crest, is sometimes made up of a pattern of colours, or <i>variation</i>. A pattern of horizontal (barwise) stripes, for example, is called <i>barry</i>, while a pattern of vertical (palewise) stripes is called <i>paly</i>. A pattern of diagonal stripes may be called <i>bendy</i> or <i>bendy sinister</i>, depending on the direction of the stripes. Other variations include <i>chevrony</i>, <i>gyronny</i> and <i>chequy</i>. Wave shaped stripes are termed <i>undy</i>. For further variations, these are sometimes combined to produce patterns of <i>barry-bendy</i>, <i>paly-bendy</i>, <i>lozengy</i> and <i>fusilly</i>. Semés, or patterns of repeated charges, are also considered variations of the field.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Rule_of_tincture" title="Rule of tincture">Rule of tincture</a> applies to all semés and variations of the field. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Differencing_and_cadency">Differencing and cadency</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Blazon&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Differencing and cadency"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Cadency" title="Cadency">Cadency</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Ancient_and_modern_arms" title="Ancient and modern arms">Ancient and modern arms</a></div> <p>Cadency is any systematic way to distinguish <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms" title="Coat of arms">arms</a> displayed by <a href="/wiki/Lineal_descendant" title="Lineal descendant">descendants</a> of the holder of a <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms" title="Coat of arms">coat of arms</a> when those family members have not been granted arms in their own right. Cadency is necessary in heraldic systems in which a given design may be owned by only one person at any time, generally the head of the senior line of a particular family. As an <a href="/wiki/Armiger" title="Armiger">armiger</a>'s arms may be used "by courtesy", either by children or spouses, while they are still living, some form of differencing may be required so as not to confuse them with the original <i>undifferenced</i> or "plain coat" arms. Historically, arms were only heritable by males and therefore cadency marks had no relevance to daughters; in the modern era, Canadian and Irish heraldry include daughters in cadency. These differences are formed by adding to the arms small and inconspicuous marks called <i>brisures</i>, similar to <a href="/wiki/Charge_(heraldry)" title="Charge (heraldry)">charges</a> but smaller. They are placed on the <a href="/wiki/Fess" title="Fess">fess-point</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Chief_(heraldry)" title="Chief (heraldry)">in-chief</a> in the case of the label.<sup id="cite_ref-Britannica-11-p704_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Britannica-11-p704-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Brisures are generally exempt from the <a href="/wiki/Rule_of_tincture" title="Rule of tincture">rule of tincture</a>. One of the best examples of usage from the medieval period is shown on the seven Beauchamp cadets in the stained-glass windows of <a href="/wiki/Collegiate_Church_of_St_Mary,_Warwick" title="Collegiate Church of St Mary, Warwick">St Mary's Church</a>, Warwick.<sup id="cite_ref-Britannica-11-p704_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Britannica-11-p704-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Blazon&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flag_terminology" class="mw-redirect" title="Flag terminology">Flag terminology</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Blazon&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-oed-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-oed_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-oed_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFReference-OED-blazon,_n." class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oed.com/search/dictionary/?q=blazon%2C+n.">"blazon, n."</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Oxford_English_Dictionary" title="Oxford English Dictionary">Oxford English Dictionary</a></i> (Online ed.). <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=blazon%2C+n.&rft.btitle=Oxford+English+Dictionary&rft.edition=Online&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oed.com%2Fsearch%2Fdictionary%2F%3Fq%3Dblazon%252C%2Bn.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlazon" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(Subscription or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oed.com/public/login/loggingin#withyourlibrary">participating institution membership</a> required.)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Encyclopædia Britannica, 9th. ed., vol.11, p.683, "Heraldry"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Blazon"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Blazon">"Blazon" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i> (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Blazon&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlazon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Boutell" title="Charles Boutell">Boutell, Charles</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/heraldryhistoric01bout"><i>Heraldry, Historical and Popular</i></a>, 3rd edition, London, 1864, pp. 8–9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">J. P. Brooke-Little: <i>An Heraldic Alphabet</i>; new and revised edition, p. 52. London: Robson Books, 1985.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CoA_style-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CoA_style_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CoA_style_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CoA_style_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171227122156/http://www.the-coat-of-arms.co.uk/blazon-in-coa/">"Blazon in CoA"</a>. <i>The Coat of Arms</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.the-coat-of-arms.co.uk/blazon-in-coa/">the original</a> on 27 December 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Coat+of+Arms&rft.atitle=Blazon+in+CoA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.the-coat-of-arms.co.uk%2Fblazon-in-coa%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlazon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Boutell 1864, p. 11.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Courtenay, P. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.winstonchurchill.org/learn/reference/armorial-bearings-of-wsc"><i>The Armorial Bearings of Sir Winston Churchill</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130718222952/http://www.winstonchurchill.org/learn/reference/armorial-bearings-of-wsc">Archived</a> 2013-07-18 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. The Churchill Centre.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cussans_p47-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Cussans_p47_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cussans_p47_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCussans1874" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Edwin_Cussans" title="John Edwin Cussans">Cussans, John E.</a> (1874). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/handbookofherald00cuss_0#page/n51/mode/2up"><i>The Handbook of Heraldry</i></a> (2nd ed.). London: Chatto & Windus. p. 47.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Handbook+of+Heraldry&rft.place=London&rft.pages=47&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Chatto+%26+Windus&rft.date=1874&rft.aulast=Cussans&rft.aufirst=John+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fhandbookofherald00cuss_0%23page%2Fn51%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlazon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVelde1998" class="citation web cs1">Velde, François (August 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.heraldica.org/topics/national/hungary.htm">"Hungary"</a>. <i>Heraldry by Countries</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 December</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Heraldry+by+Countries&rft.atitle=Hungary&rft.date=1998-08&rft.aulast=Velde&rft.aufirst=Fran%C3%A7ois&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.heraldica.org%2Ftopics%2Fnational%2Fhungary.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlazon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stephen Friar and John Ferguson. <i>Basic Heraldry</i>. (W.W. Norton & Company, New York: 1993), 148.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFvon_Volborth1981">von Volborth (1981)</a>, p. 18</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFriar1987">Friar (1987)</a>, p. 259</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFriar1987">Friar (1987)</a>, p. 330</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWoodcockRobinson1988">Woodcock & Robinson (1988)</a>, p. 60</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBoutell1890">Boutell (1890)</a>, p. 311</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMoncreiffePottinger1953">Moncreiffe & Pottinger (1953)</a>, p. 20</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFox-Davies1909">Fox-Davies (1909)</a>, pp. 101</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Britannica-11-p704-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Britannica-11-p704_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Britannica-11-p704_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Encyclopædia Britannica, 9th edition (1884), vol. 11, p. 704</span> </li> </ol></div> <dl><dt>General</dt></dl> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li>Brault, Gerard J. (1997). <i>Early Blazon: Heraldic Terminology in the Twelfth and Thirteenth Centuries</i>, (2nd ed.). Woodbridge, UK: The Boydell Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85115-711-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-85115-711-4">0-85115-711-4</a>.</li> <li>Elvin, Charles Norton. (1969). <i>A Dictionary of Heraldry</i>. London: Heraldry Today. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-900455-00-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-900455-00-4">0-900455-00-4</a>.</li> <li>Parker, James. <i>A Glossary of Terms Used in Heraldry</i>, (2nd ed.). Rutland, VT: Charles E. Tuttle Co. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8048-0715-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-8048-0715-9">0-8048-0715-9</a>.</li></ul> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPimbley1908" class="citation book cs1">Pimbley, Arthur Francis (1908). <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/A_Complete_Guide_to_Heraldry"><i>Pimbley's dictionary of heraldry</i></a>. Pimbley.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pimbley%27s+dictionary+of+heraldry&rft.pub=Pimbley&rft.date=1908&rft.aulast=Pimbley&rft.aufirst=Arthur+Francis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikisource.org%2Fwiki%2FA_Complete_Guide_to_Heraldry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlazon" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110420025929/http://antirheralds.org/display/achievements/achievements.html">"What is an Achievement?"</a>. An Tir College of Heralds. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.antirheralds.org/display/achievements/achievements.html">the original</a> on 20 April 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 May</span> 2011</span>. <q>An 'achievement' is a full formal display of a coat of arms.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=What+is+an+Achievement%3F&rft.pub=An+Tir+College+of+Heralds&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.antirheralds.org%2Fdisplay%2Fachievements%2Fachievements.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlazon" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <dl><dt>Books</dt></dl> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 35em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoutell1890" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Boutell" title="Charles Boutell">Boutell, Charles</a> (1890). Aveling, S. T. (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/heraldryancientm00boutrich"><i>Heraldry, Ancient and Modern: Including Boutell's Heraldry</i></a>. London: Frederick Warne. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/6102523">6102523</a> – via Internet Archive.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Heraldry%2C+Ancient+and+Modern%3A+Including+Boutell%27s+Heraldry&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Frederick+Warne&rft.date=1890&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F6102523&rft.aulast=Boutell&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fheraldryancientm00boutrich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlazon" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurke1967" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Burke" title="Bernard Burke">Burke, Bernard</a> (1967). <i>The General Armory of England, Scotland, Ireland and Wales; Comprising a Registry of Armorial Bearings from the Earliest to the Present Time</i>. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+General+Armory+of+England%2C+Scotland%2C+Ireland+and+Wales%3B+Comprising+a+Registry+of+Armorial+Bearings+from+the+Earliest+to+the+Present+Time&rft.place=Baltimore&rft.pub=Genealogical+Publishing&rft.date=1967&rft.aulast=Burke&rft.aufirst=Bernard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlazon" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDennys1975" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Rodney_Dennys" title="Rodney Dennys">Dennys, Rodney</a> (1975). <i>The Heraldic Imagination</i>. New York: Clarkson N. Potter.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Heraldic+Imagination&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Clarkson+N.+Potter&rft.date=1975&rft.aulast=Dennys&rft.aufirst=Rodney&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlazon" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFElvins1988" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Mark_Elvins" title="Mark Elvins">Elvins, Mark Turnham</a> (1988). <i>Cardinals and Heraldry</i>. London: Buckland Publications.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cardinals+and+Heraldry&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Buckland+Publications&rft.date=1988&rft.aulast=Elvins&rft.aufirst=Mark+Turnham&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlazon" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFairbairn1986" class="citation book cs1">Fairbairn, James (1986). <i>Fairbairn's Crests of the Families of Great Britain & Ireland</i>. New York: Bonanza Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fairbairn%27s+Crests+of+the+Families+of+Great+Britain+%26+Ireland&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Bonanza+Books&rft.date=1986&rft.aulast=Fairbairn&rft.aufirst=James&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlazon" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFox-Davies1904" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Charles_Fox-Davies" title="Arthur Charles Fox-Davies">Fox-Davies, Arthur Charles</a> (1904). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/artofheraldryenc00foxd/"><i>The Art of Heraldry: An Encyclopedia of Armory</i></a>. London: T.C. & E.C. Jack – via Internet Archive.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Art+of+Heraldry%3A+An+Encyclopedia+of+Armory&rft.place=London&rft.pub=T.C.+%26+E.C.+Jack&rft.date=1904&rft.aulast=Fox-Davies&rft.aufirst=Arthur+Charles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fartofheraldryenc00foxd%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlazon" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFox-Davies1909" class="citation book cs1">Fox-Davies, Arthur Charles (1909). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/completeguidetoh00foxdrich"><i>A Complete Guide to Heraldry</i></a>. London: T.C. & E.C. Jack. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/09023803">09023803</a> – via Internet Archive.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Complete+Guide+to+Heraldry&rft.place=London&rft.pub=T.C.+%26+E.C.+Jack&rft.date=1909&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F09023803&rft.aulast=Fox-Davies&rft.aufirst=Arthur+Charles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcompleteguidetoh00foxdrich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlazon" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFranklyn1968" class="citation book cs1">Franklyn, Julian (1968). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/heraldry0000fran"><i>Heraldry</i></a></span>. Cranbury, NJ: A.S. Barnes and Company. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780498066832" title="Special:BookSources/9780498066832"><bdi>9780498066832</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Heraldry&rft.place=Cranbury%2C+NJ&rft.pub=A.S.+Barnes+and+Company&rft.date=1968&rft.isbn=9780498066832&rft.aulast=Franklyn&rft.aufirst=Julian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fheraldry0000fran&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlazon" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFriar1987" class="citation book cs1">Friar, Stephen, ed. (1987). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofhera00fria"><i>A Dictionary of Heraldry</i></a></span>. New York: Harmony Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780517566657" title="Special:BookSources/9780517566657"><bdi>9780517566657</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Dictionary+of+Heraldry&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Harmony+Books&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=9780517566657&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdictionaryofhera00fria&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlazon" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGwynn-Jones1998" class="citation book cs1">Gwynn-Jones, Peter (1998). <i>The Art of Heraldry: Origins, Symbols, and Designs</i>. London: Parkgate Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780760710821" title="Special:BookSources/9780760710821"><bdi>9780760710821</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Art+of+Heraldry%3A+Origins%2C+Symbols%2C+and+Designs&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Parkgate+Books&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=9780760710821&rft.aulast=Gwynn-Jones&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlazon" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHumphery-Smith1973" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Cecil_Humphery-Smith" title="Cecil Humphery-Smith">Humphery-Smith, Cecil</a> (1973). <i>General Armory Two</i>. London: Tabard Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780806305837" title="Special:BookSources/9780806305837"><bdi>9780806305837</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=General+Armory+Two&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Tabard+Press&rft.date=1973&rft.isbn=9780806305837&rft.aulast=Humphery-Smith&rft.aufirst=Cecil&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlazon" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFInnes_of_Learney1978" class="citation book cs1">Innes of Learney, Thomas (1978). Innes of Edingight, Malcolm (ed.). <i>Scots Heraldry</i> (3rd ed.). London: Johnston & Bacon. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780717942282" title="Special:BookSources/9780717942282"><bdi>9780717942282</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Scots+Heraldry&rft.place=London&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Johnston+%26+Bacon&rft.date=1978&rft.isbn=9780717942282&rft.aulast=Innes+of+Learney&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlazon" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLe_Févre1971" class="citation book cs1">Le Févre, Jean (1971). Pinches, Rosemary; Wood, Anthony (eds.). <i>A European Armorial: An Armorial of Knights of the Golden Fleece and 15th Century Europe</i>. London: Heraldry Today. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780900455131" title="Special:BookSources/9780900455131"><bdi>9780900455131</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+European+Armorial%3A+An+Armorial+of+Knights+of+the+Golden+Fleece+and+15th+Century+Europe&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Heraldry+Today&rft.date=1971&rft.isbn=9780900455131&rft.aulast=Le+F%C3%A9vre&rft.aufirst=Jean&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlazon" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLoudaMaclagan1981" class="citation book cs1">Louda, Jiří; <a href="/wiki/Michael_Maclagan" title="Michael Maclagan">Maclagan, Michael</a> (1981). <i>Heraldry of the Royal Families of Europe</i>. New York: Clarkson Potter.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Heraldry+of+the+Royal+Families+of+Europe&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Clarkson+Potter&rft.date=1981&rft.aulast=Louda&rft.aufirst=Ji%C5%99%C3%AD&rft.au=Maclagan%2C+Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlazon" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMackenzie_of_Rosehaugh1680" class="citation book cs1">Mackenzie of Rosehaugh, George (1680). <i>Scotland's Herauldrie: the Science of Herauldrie treated as a part of the Civil law and Law of Nations</i>. Edinburgh: Heir of Andrew Anderson.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Scotland%27s+Herauldrie%3A+the+Science+of+Herauldrie+treated+as+a+part+of+the+Civil+law+and+Law+of+Nations&rft.place=Edinburgh&rft.pub=Heir+of+Andrew+Anderson&rft.date=1680&rft.aulast=Mackenzie+of+Rosehaugh&rft.aufirst=George&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlazon" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoncreiffePottinger1953" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Iain_Moncreiffe" title="Iain Moncreiffe">Moncreiffe, Iain</a>; Pottinger, Don (1953). <i>Simple Heraldry – Cheerfully Illustrated</i>. London and Edinburgh: Thomas Nelson and Sons.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Simple+Heraldry+%E2%80%93+Cheerfully+Illustrated&rft.place=London+and+Edinburgh&rft.pub=Thomas+Nelson+and+Sons&rft.date=1953&rft.aulast=Moncreiffe&rft.aufirst=Iain&rft.au=Pottinger%2C+Don&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlazon" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNeubecker1976" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ottfried_Neubecker" title="Ottfried Neubecker">Neubecker, Ottfried</a> (1976). <i>Heraldry: Sources, Symbols and Meaning</i>. Maidenhead, England: McGraw-Hill.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Heraldry%3A+Sources%2C+Symbols+and+Meaning&rft.place=Maidenhead%2C+England&rft.pub=McGraw-Hill&rft.date=1976&rft.aulast=Neubecker&rft.aufirst=Ottfried&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlazon" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNisbet1984" class="citation book cs1">Nisbet, Alexander (1984). <i>A system of Heraldry</i>. Edinburgh: T & A Constable.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+system+of+Heraldry&rft.place=Edinburgh&rft.pub=T+%26+A+Constable&rft.date=1984&rft.aulast=Nisbet&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlazon" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParker1970" class="citation book cs1">Parker, James (1970). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.heraldsnet.org/saitou/parker/"><i>A Glossary of Terms Used in Heraldry</i></a>. Newton Abbot: David & Charles.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Glossary+of+Terms+Used+in+Heraldry&rft.place=Newton+Abbot&rft.pub=David+%26+Charles&rft.date=1970&rft.aulast=Parker&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.heraldsnet.org%2Fsaitou%2Fparker%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlazon" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPastoureau1997" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Michel_Pastoureau" title="Michel Pastoureau">Pastoureau, Michel</a> (1997). <i>Heraldry: An Introduction to a Noble Tradition</i>. <a href="/wiki/Abrams_Discoveries" class="mw-redirect" title="Abrams Discoveries">Abrams Discoveries</a>. New York: Harry N. Abrams.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Heraldry%3A+An+Introduction+to+a+Noble+Tradition&rft.place=New+York&rft.series=Abrams+Discoveries&rft.pub=Harry+N.+Abrams&rft.date=1997&rft.aulast=Pastoureau&rft.aufirst=Michel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlazon" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaul1903" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/James_Balfour_Paul" title="James Balfour Paul">Paul, James Balfour</a> (1903). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ordinaryofarmsco01paul"><i>An Ordinary of Arms Contained in the Public Register of All Arms and Bearings in Scotland</i></a>. Edinburgh: W. Green & Sons – via Internet Archive.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Ordinary+of+Arms+Contained+in+the+Public+Register+of+All+Arms+and+Bearings+in+Scotland&rft.place=Edinburgh&rft.pub=W.+Green+%26+Sons&rft.date=1903&rft.aulast=Paul&rft.aufirst=James+Balfour&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fordinaryofarmsco01paul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlazon" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPinches1994" class="citation book cs1">Pinches, J. H. (1994). <i>European Nobility and Heraldry</i>. Heraldry Today. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-900455-45-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-900455-45-4"><bdi>0-900455-45-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=European+Nobility+and+Heraldry&rft.pub=Heraldry+Today&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=0-900455-45-4&rft.aulast=Pinches&rft.aufirst=J.+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlazon" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReid_of_RobertlandWilson1977" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Reid of Robertland, David; Wilson, Vivien (1977). <i>An Ordinary of Arms</i>. Vol. Second. Edinburgh: Lyon Office.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Ordinary+of+Arms&rft.place=Edinburgh&rft.pub=Lyon+Office&rft.date=1977&rft.aulast=Reid+of+Robertland&rft.aufirst=David&rft.au=Wilson%2C+Vivien&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlazon" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRietstap1967" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Rietstap" title="Johannes Rietstap">Rietstap, Johannes B.</a> (1967). <i>Armorial General</i>. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Armorial+General&rft.place=Baltimore&rft.pub=Genealogical+Publishing&rft.date=1967&rft.aulast=Rietstap&rft.aufirst=Johannes+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlazon" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSiebmacher1890–1901" class="citation book cs1">Siebmacher, Johann. J. (1890–1901). <i><a href="/wiki/Siebmachers_Wappenbuch" title="Siebmachers Wappenbuch">Siebmacher's Grosses und Allgemeines Wappenbuch Vermehrten Auglage</a></i>. Nürnberg: Von Bauer & Raspe.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Siebmacher%27s+Grosses+und+Allgemeines+Wappenbuch+Vermehrten+Auglage&rft.place=N%C3%BCrnberg&rft.pub=Von+Bauer+%26+Raspe&rft.date=1890%2F1901&rft.aulast=Siebmacher&rft.aufirst=Johann.+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlazon" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSlater2003" class="citation book cs1">Slater, Stephen (2003). <i>The Complete Book of Heraldry</i>. New York: Hermes House. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781844772247" title="Special:BookSources/9781844772247"><bdi>9781844772247</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Complete+Book+of+Heraldry&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Hermes+House&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=9781844772247&rft.aulast=Slater&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlazon" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFvon_Volborth1981" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Carl-Alexander_von_Volborth" title="Carl-Alexander von Volborth">von Volborth, Carl-Alexander</a> (1981). <i>Heraldry – Customs, Rules and Styles</i>. Ware, Hertfordshire: Omega Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-907853-47-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-907853-47-1"><bdi>0-907853-47-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Heraldry+%E2%80%93+Customs%2C+Rules+and+Styles&rft.place=Ware%2C+Hertfordshire&rft.pub=Omega+Books&rft.date=1981&rft.isbn=0-907853-47-1&rft.aulast=von+Volborth&rft.aufirst=Carl-Alexander&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlazon" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWagner1946" class="citation book cs1">Wagner, Anthony (1946). <i>Heraldry in England</i>. Penguin. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/878505764">878505764</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Heraldry+in+England&rft.pub=Penguin&rft.date=1946&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F878505764&rft.aulast=Wagner&rft.aufirst=Anthony&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlazon" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWagner1967" class="citation book cs1">Wagner, Anthony R (1967). <i>Heralds of England: A History of the Office and College of Arms</i>. London: <a href="/wiki/Her_Majesty%27s_Stationery_Office" class="mw-redirect" title="Her Majesty's Stationery Office">Her Majesty's Stationery Office</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Heralds+of+England%3A+A+History+of+the+Office+and+College+of+Arms&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Her+Majesty%27s+Stationery+Office&rft.date=1967&rft.aulast=Wagner&rft.aufirst=Anthony+R&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlazon" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFvon_Warnstedt1970" class="citation journal cs1">von Warnstedt, Christopher (October 1970). "The Heraldic Provinces of Europe". <i>The Coat of Arms</i>. <b>XI</b> (84).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Coat+of+Arms&rft.atitle=The+Heraldic+Provinces+of+Europe&rft.volume=XI&rft.issue=84&rft.date=1970-10&rft.aulast=von+Warnstedt&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlazon" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWoodcockRobinson1988" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Woodcock_(officer_of_arms)" title="Thomas Woodcock (officer of arms)">Woodcock, Thomas</a>; <a href="/wiki/John_Martin_Robinson" title="John Martin Robinson">Robinson, John Martin</a> (1988). <i>The Oxford Guide to Heraldry</i>. New York: Oxford University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Guide+to+Heraldry&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1988&rft.aulast=Woodcock&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.au=Robinson%2C+John+Martin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlazon" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWoodwardBurnett1892" class="citation book cs1">Woodward, John; Burnett, George (1892) [1884]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/treatiseonherald00wooduoft"><i>Woodward's a treatise on heraldry, British and foreign: with English and French glossaries</i></a>. Edinburgh: W. & A. B. Johnson. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7153-4464-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-7153-4464-1"><bdi>0-7153-4464-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/02020303">02020303</a> – via Internet Archive.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Woodward%27s+a+treatise+on+heraldry%2C+British+and+foreign%3A+with+English+and+French+glossaries&rft.place=Edinburgh&rft.pub=W.+%26+A.+B.+Johnson&rft.date=1892&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F02020303&rft.isbn=0-7153-4464-1&rft.aulast=Woodward&rft.aufirst=John&rft.au=Burnett%2C+George&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ftreatiseonherald00wooduoft&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlazon" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Blazon&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/16px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/24px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/32px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> The dictionary definition of <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/blazon" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:blazon"><i>blazon</i></a> at Wiktionary</li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Illustrated_atlas_of_French_and_English_heraldic_terms" class="extiw" title="commons:Illustrated atlas of French and English heraldic terms">Illustrated atlas of French and English heraldic terms</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130628214406/http://www.rarebooks.nd.edu/digital/heraldry/colors.html#METALS">Heraldic Dictionary</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://heraldry.sca.org/armory/primer/">A Heraldic Primer</a>, by Stephen Gold and Timothy Shead, explaining the terminology in detail</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://heraldry.sca.org/armory/bruce.html">A Grammar of Blazonry</a> by Bruce Miller</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://heralds.westkingdom.org/CommonBlazonKnowledge.htm">"Commonly Known" Heraldic Blazon/Emblazon Knowledge</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Society_for_Creative_Anachronism" title="Society for Creative Anachronism">SCA</a> page with a lengthy dictionary of blazon terms</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.coafus.org/language-of-heraldry">Language of Heraldry</a> by the College of Arms Foundation</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.gg.ca/heraldry/pub-reg/">Public Register of the Canadian Heraldic Authority</a> with many useful official versions of modern coats of arms, searchable online</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.civicheraldry.co.uk">Civic Heraldry of England and Wales</a>, fully searchable with illustrations</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130507090132/http://heraldry-scotland.com/copgal/thumbnails.php?album=7">Arms of members of the Heraldry Society of Scotland</a>, fully searchable with illustrations of bearings</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theheraldrysociety.com/membersarms/membersarmsA.htm">Arms of members of the Heraldry Society (England)</a>, with illustrations of bearings</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.heraldry.ca/main.php?pg=l1">Members' Roll of Arms of the Royal Heraldry Society of Canada</a>, with illustrations of bearings</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://drawshield.net/create/index.html">Create a Shield from a Blazon</a>. It tries to draw a shield from blazon text.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Heraldry" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Heraldry" title="Template:Heraldry"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Heraldry" title="Template talk:Heraldry"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Heraldry" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Heraldry"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Heraldry" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Heraldry" title="Heraldry">Heraldry</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heraldic_authority" title="Heraldic authority">Authorities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grant_of_arms" title="Grant of arms">Grant of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_heraldry" title="History of heraldry">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_heraldic_arms" title="Law of heraldic arms">Law of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Officer_of_arms" title="Officer of arms">Officers of arms</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/King_of_Arms" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Arms">King of Arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herald" title="Herald">herald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pursuivant" title="Pursuivant">pursuivant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Private_officer_of_arms" title="Private officer of arms">private</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_coat_of_arms" title="National coat of arms">National</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arms_of_dominion" title="Arms of dominion">dominion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civic_heraldry" title="Civic heraldry">civic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_heraldry" title="Ecclesiastical heraldry">Ecclesiastical</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Papal_armorial" class="mw-redirect" title="Papal armorial">papal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burgher_arms" title="Burgher arms">Burgher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_heraldry" title="Women in heraldry">Women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attributed_arms" title="Attributed arms">Attributed</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armiger" title="Armiger">Armiger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augmentation_of_honour" title="Augmentation of honour">Augmentation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abatement_(heraldry)" title="Abatement (heraldry)">abatement</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_and_modern_arms" title="Ancient and modern arms">Ancient and modern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arms_of_alliance" title="Arms of alliance">Alliance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heraldic_courtesy" title="Heraldic courtesy">courtesy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Blazon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cadency" title="Cadency">Cadency</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marks_of_distinction" title="Marks of distinction">distinction</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canting_arms" title="Canting arms">Canting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debased_heraldry" title="Debased heraldry">Debased</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Field_(heraldry)" title="Field (heraldry)">Field</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Division_of_the_field" title="Division of the field">divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Variation_of_the_field" title="Variation of the field">variations</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heraldic_fraud" title="Heraldic fraud">Fraud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heraldry#Marshalling" title="Heraldry">Marshalling</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quartering_(heraldry)" title="Quartering (heraldry)">quartering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impalement_(heraldry)" title="Impalement (heraldry)">impalement</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Heraldic_traditions_by_country" title="Template:Heraldic traditions by country">National traditions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heraldry_societies" title="Heraldry societies">Societies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Achievement_(heraldry)" title="Achievement (heraldry)">Achievement</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms" title="Coat of arms">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_(heraldry)" title="Crown (heraldry)">Crowns and coronets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crest_(heraldry)" title="Crest (heraldry)">Crest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compartment_(heraldry)" title="Compartment (heraldry)">Compartment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Escutcheon_(heraldry)" title="Escutcheon (heraldry)">Escutcheon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helmet_(heraldry)" title="Helmet (heraldry)">Helmet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mantling" title="Mantling">Mantling</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mantle_and_pavilion_(heraldry)" title="Mantle and pavilion (heraldry)">pavilion</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motto" title="Motto">Motto</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Slogan_(heraldry)" title="Slogan (heraldry)">slogan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supporter" title="Supporter">Supporter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torse" title="Torse">Torse</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Charge_(heraldry)" title="Charge (heraldry)">Charges</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Attitude_(heraldry)" title="Attitude (heraldry)">Attitudes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erasure_(heraldry)" class="mw-redirect" title="Erasure (heraldry)">Erasure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fimbriation" title="Fimbriation">Fimbriation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Line_(heraldry)" title="Line (heraldry)">Lines</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ordinary_(heraldry)" title="Ordinary (heraldry)">Ordinaries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Annulet_(heraldry)" title="Annulet (heraldry)">Annulet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bar_(heraldry)" title="Bar (heraldry)">Bar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bend_(heraldry)" title="Bend (heraldry)">Bend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bordure" title="Bordure">Bordure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_(heraldry)" title="Canton (heraldry)">Canton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chevron_(insignia)" title="Chevron (insignia)">Chevron</a> (<a href="/wiki/%C5%81%C4%99kawica_(ordinary)" title="Łękawica (ordinary)">Łękawica</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compon%C3%A9e" title="Componée">Componée</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crosses_in_heraldry" title="Crosses in heraldry">Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crozier_head" title="Crozier head">Crozier head</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_(heraldry)" title="Chief (heraldry)">Chief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fess" title="Fess">Fess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flaunch" title="Flaunch">Flaunch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goutte" title="Goutte">Goutte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gyron" title="Gyron">Gyron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamade" title="Hamade">Hamade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inescutcheon" title="Inescutcheon">Inescutcheon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Label_(heraldry)" title="Label (heraldry)">Label</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lozenge_(heraldry)" title="Lozenge (heraldry)">Lozenge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orle_(heraldry)" title="Orle (heraldry)">Orle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pale_(heraldry)" title="Pale (heraldry)">Pale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pall_(heraldry)" title="Pall (heraldry)">Pall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pile_(heraldry)" title="Pile (heraldry)">Pile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roundel_(heraldry)" title="Roundel (heraldry)">Roundel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bezant" title="Bezant">Bezant</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saltire" title="Saltire">Saltire</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Beasts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bear_in_heraldry" title="Bear in heraldry">Bear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boars_in_heraldry" title="Boars in heraldry">Boar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cattle#In_heraldry" title="Cattle">Bull/ox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hound_(heraldry)" title="Hound (heraldry)">Dog/hound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giraffe" title="Giraffe">Camelopard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deer#Heraldic" title="Deer">Hind/stag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kangaroo_emblems_and_popular_culture" title="Kangaroo emblems and popular culture">Kangaroo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopard_(heraldry)" title="Leopard (heraldry)">Leopard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lion_(heraldry)" title="Lion (heraldry)">Lion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolves_in_heraldry" title="Wolves in heraldry">Wolf</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Birds</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alerion" title="Alerion">Alerion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_swan_emblems_and_popular_culture" title="Black swan emblems and popular culture">Black swan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rooster#Emblems" class="mw-redirect" title="Rooster">Cock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crow_(heraldry)" title="Crow (heraldry)">Crow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doves_as_symbols" title="Doves as symbols">Dove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eagle_(heraldry)" title="Eagle (heraldry)">Eagle</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Szaszor" title="Szaszor">Szaszor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Przepaska" class="mw-redirect" title="Przepaska">Przepaska</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martlet" title="Martlet">Martlet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pelican#Heraldry" title="Pelican">Pelican</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bee_(heraldry)" title="Bee (heraldry)">Bee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crapaud#Heraldry" title="Crapaud">Crapaudy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolphin_(heraldry)" title="Dolphin (heraldry)">Dolphin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmet_(heraldry)" title="Emmet (heraldry)">Emmet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ged_(heraldry)" title="Ged (heraldry)">Ged</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esox#Heraldry" title="Esox">Lucy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portcullis#Heraldry" title="Portcullis">Portcullis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bat_(heraldry)" title="Bat (heraldry)">Reremouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scallop#Badge" title="Scallop">Scallop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serpent_symbolism#Flags_and_heraldry" title="Serpent symbolism">Serpent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolfsangel" title="Wolfsangel">Wolfsangel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Legendary_creature" title="Legendary creature">Legendary</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allocamelus" title="Allocamelus">Allocamelus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alphyn" title="Alphyn">Alphyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amphiptere" title="Amphiptere">Amphiptere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basilisk" title="Basilisk">Basilisk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biscione" title="Biscione">Biscione</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chollima" class="mw-redirect" title="Chollima">Chollima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cockatrice" title="Cockatrice">Cockatrice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dragon" title="Dragon">Dragon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_dragon" title="Chinese dragon">Chinese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enfield_(heraldry)" title="Enfield (heraldry)">Enfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garuda" title="Garuda">Garuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Griffin" title="Griffin">Griffin/Keythong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harpy" title="Harpy">Harpy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hippocampus_(mythology)" title="Hippocampus (mythology)">Hippocampus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hippogriff" title="Hippogriff">Hippogriff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lampago" title="Lampago">Lampago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lindworm" title="Lindworm">Lindworm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manticore" title="Manticore">Manticore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mermaid" title="Mermaid">Mermaid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musimon" title="Musimon">Musimon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ouroboros" title="Ouroboros">Ouroboros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pantheon_(mythical_creature)" title="Pantheon (mythical creature)">Pantheon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panther_(legendary_creature)" title="Panther (legendary creature)">Panther</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pegasus" title="Pegasus">Pegasus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenix_(mythology)" title="Phoenix (mythology)">Phoenix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salamanders_in_folklore" class="mw-redirect" title="Salamanders in folklore">Salamander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea-griffin" title="Sea-griffin">Sea-griffin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea-lion" title="Sea-lion">Sea-lion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyger_(heraldry)" title="Tyger (heraldry)">Tyger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unicorn" title="Unicorn">Unicorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winged_lion" title="Winged lion">Winged lion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wild_man" title="Wild man">Woodwose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wyvern" title="Wyvern">Wyvern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yale_(mythical_creature)" title="Yale (mythical creature)">Yale</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Plants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fleur-de-lis" title="Fleur-de-lis">Fleur-de-lis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurel_wreath#As_used_in_heraldry" title="Laurel wreath">Laurel wreath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oak#Regional_and_state" title="Oak">Oak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quatrefoil" title="Quatrefoil">Quatrefoil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose_(heraldry)" title="Rose (heraldry)">Rose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shamrock#Symbol_of_Ireland" title="Shamrock">Shamrock</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trefoil" title="Trefoil">Trefoil</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thistle#Heraldry" title="Thistle">Thistle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turnip#Heraldry" title="Turnip">Turnip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seeblatt" title="Seeblatt">Waterlily/Seeblatt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Heraldic_knot" title="Heraldic knot">Knots</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bourchier_knot" title="Bourchier knot">Bourchier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bowen_knot" title="Bowen knot">Bowen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savoy_knot" title="Savoy knot">Cavendish/Savoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dacre_knot" title="Dacre knot">Dacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harrington_knot" title="Harrington knot">Harrington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungerford_knot" title="Hungerford knot">Hastings/Hungerford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heneage_knot" title="Heneage knot">Heneage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinckaert_knot" title="Hinckaert knot">Hinckaert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungerford_knot" title="Hungerford knot">Hungerford knot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lacy_knot" title="Lacy knot">Lacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wake_knot" title="Wake knot">Ormonde/Wake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savoy_knot" title="Savoy knot">Savoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stafford_knot" title="Stafford knot">Stafford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bowen_knot" title="Bowen knot">Tristram/Bowen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wake_knot" title="Wake knot">Wake</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tincture_(heraldry)" title="Tincture (heraldry)">Tinctures</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rule_of_tincture" title="Rule of tincture">Rule of tincture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tricking" title="Tricking">Tricking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hatching_(heraldry)" title="Hatching (heraldry)">Hatching</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Metals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:white; color:black;"> </span><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:background: white; color:;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Argent" title="Argent">Argent</a> (white)</li> <li><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:gold; color:black;"> </span><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:background-color: white; background-image: radial-gradient(black 20%, transparent 0), radial-gradient(black 20%, transparent 0); background-size: 10px 10px; background-position: 0px 0px, 5px 5px;); color:;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Or_(heraldry)" title="Or (heraldry)">Or</a> (gold)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Colours</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:red; color:black;"> </span><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:white; background-image: repeating-linear-gradient(90deg, white 0, white 4px, black 4px, black 5px); color:;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Gules" title="Gules">Gules</a> (red)</li> <li><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:black; color:white;"> </span><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:white; background-image: repeating-linear-gradient(0deg, transparent 0, transparent 4px, black 4px, black 5px), repeating-linear-gradient(90deg, transparent 0, transparent 4px, black 4px, black 5px); color:;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Sable_(heraldry)" title="Sable (heraldry)">Sable</a> (black)</li> <li><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:blue; color:white;"> </span><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:white; background-image: repeating-linear-gradient(0deg, white 0, white 4px, black 4px, black 5px); color:;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Azure_(heraldry)" title="Azure (heraldry)">Azure</a> (blue)</li> <li><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:green; color:white;"> </span><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:white; background-image: repeating-linear-gradient(45deg, black 0, black 1px, white 1px, white 5px); color:;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Vert_(heraldry)" title="Vert (heraldry)">Vert</a> (green)</li> <li><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:purple; color:white;"> </span><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:white; background-image: repeating-linear-gradient(-45deg, black 0, black 1px, white 1px, white 5px); color:;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Purpure" title="Purpure">Purpure</a> (purple)<sup><small>1</small></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tincture_(heraldry)#Furs" title="Tincture (heraldry)">Furs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fourrure_h%C3%A9raldique_Hermine.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Fourrure_h%C3%A9raldique_Hermine.svg/7px-Fourrure_h%C3%A9raldique_Hermine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Fourrure_h%C3%A9raldique_Hermine.svg/11px-Fourrure_h%C3%A9raldique_Hermine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Fourrure_h%C3%A9raldique_Hermine.svg/14px-Fourrure_h%C3%A9raldique_Hermine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="110" data-file-height="250" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Ermine_(heraldry)" title="Ermine (heraldry)">Ermine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ermine_(heraldry)#Variations" title="Ermine (heraldry)">Ermines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ermine_(heraldry)#Variations" title="Ermine (heraldry)">Erminois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ermine_(heraldry)#Variations" title="Ermine (heraldry)">Erminites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ermine_(heraldry)#Variations" title="Ermine (heraldry)">Pean</a></li></ul></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fourrure_h%C3%A9raldique_Vair.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Fourrure_h%C3%A9raldique_Vair.svg/15px-Fourrure_h%C3%A9raldique_Vair.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Fourrure_h%C3%A9raldique_Vair.svg/23px-Fourrure_h%C3%A9raldique_Vair.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Fourrure_h%C3%A9raldique_Vair.svg/30px-Fourrure_h%C3%A9raldique_Vair.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="188" data-file-height="195" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Vair" title="Vair">Vair</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vair#Potent" title="Vair">Potent</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Stains</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#8b004b; color:white;"> </span><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:white; background-image: repeating-linear-gradient(45deg, black 0, black 1px, transparent 1px, transparent 5px), repeating-linear-gradient(135deg, black 0, black 1px, transparent 1px, transparent 5px); color:;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Murrey" title="Murrey">Murrey</a> (mulberry)</li> <li><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:FireBrick; color:white;"> </span><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:white; background-image: repeating-linear-gradient(45deg, black 0, black 1px, transparent 1px, transparent 5px), repeating-linear-gradient(0deg, transparent 0, transparent 4px, black 4px, black 5px); color:;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Sanguine_(heraldry)" title="Sanguine (heraldry)">Sanguine</a> (blood red)</li> <li><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#c67000; color:black;"> </span><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:white; background-image: repeating-linear-gradient(45deg, black 0, black 1px, transparent 1px, transparent 5px), repeating-linear-gradient(90deg, transparent 0, transparent 4px, black 4px, black 5px); color:;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Tenn%C3%A9" title="Tenné">Tenné</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span style="font-weight: normal;">Rare metals<sup><small>1</small></sup></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#CDA8A5; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Copper_(heraldry)" title="Copper (heraldry)">Copper</a></li> <li><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#E0AB76; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Buff_(color)#U.S._Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Buff (color)">Buff</a> (metal in the United States)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span style="font-weight: normal;">Rare colours<sup><small>1</small></sup></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:skyblue; color:black;"> </span><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:white; background-image: repeating-linear-gradient(35deg, transparent 0, transparent 5px, white 5px, white 6px, transparent 5px, transparent 7px, white 7px, white 8px), repeating-linear-gradient(0deg, black 0, black 1px, transparent 1px, transparent 5px); color:;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Bleu_celeste" title="Bleu celeste">Bleu celeste</a></li> <li><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:sienna; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Brun%C3%A2tre" class="mw-redirect" title="Brunâtre">Brunâtre</a> (brown)</li> <li><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#E0AB76; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Buff_(color)#In_Canadian_heraldry" class="mw-redirect" title="Buff (color)">Buff</a> (color in Canada)</li> <li><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:grey; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Cendr%C3%A9e" title="Cendrée">Cendrée</a></li> <li><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#CC7722; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Ochre#In_heraldry" title="Ochre">Ochre</a></li> <li><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Orange; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Orange_(heraldry)" title="Orange (heraldry)">Orange</a></li> <li><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:HotPink; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Rose_(heraldic_tincture)" title="Rose (heraldic tincture)">Rose</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span style="font-weight: normal;">Realistic</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tincture_(heraldry)#Proper" title="Tincture (heraldry)">Proper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnation_(heraldry)" title="Carnation (heraldry)">Carnation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Applications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bookplate" class="mw-redirect" title="Bookplate">Bookplate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funerary_hatchment" title="Funerary hatchment">Hatchment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heraldic_flag" title="Heraldic flag">Flag</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banner_of_arms" title="Banner of arms">banner of arms</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heraldic_badge" title="Heraldic badge">Badge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roll_of_arms" title="Roll of arms">Roll of arms</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Illyrian_armorials" title="Illyrian armorials">Illyrian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seal_(emblem)" title="Seal (emblem)">Seal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Equestrian_seal" title="Equestrian seal">equestrian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabard" title="Tabard">Tabard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trophy_of_arms" title="Trophy of arms">Trophy of arms</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mon_(emblem)" title="Mon (emblem)">Mon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emblem" title="Emblem">Emblem</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_state_emblems" class="mw-redirect" title="Socialist state emblems">socialist</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logotype" class="mw-redirect" title="Logotype">Logotype</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phaleristics" title="Phaleristics">Phaleristics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vexillology" title="Vexillology">Vexillology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigillography" title="Sigillography">Sigillography</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><sup><small>1</small></sup> Non-traditional, regional, or rarely used (sometimes considered unheraldic)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_oldest_heraldry" title="List of oldest heraldry">List of oldest heraldry</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Azure%2C_a_bend_Or.svg/14px-Azure%2C_a_bend_Or.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Azure%2C_a_bend_Or.svg/22px-Azure%2C_a_bend_Or.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Azure%2C_a_bend_Or.svg/29px-Azure%2C_a_bend_Or.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Heraldry" title="Portal:Heraldry">Heraldry portal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Heraldry/Web_resources" title="Portal:Heraldry/Web resources">resources</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Blazon&oldid=1248572683">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Blazon&oldid=1248572683</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Heraldry" title="Category:Heraldry">Heraldry</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Vexillology" title="Category:Vexillology">Vexillology</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Technical_terminology" title="Category:Technical terminology">Technical terminology</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_incorporating_a_citation_from_the_1911_Encyclopaedia_Britannica_with_Wikisource_reference" title="Category:Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference">Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:EngvarB_from_December_2017" title="Category:EngvarB from December 2017">EngvarB from December 2017</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_December_2017" title="Category:Use dmy dates from December 2017">Use dmy dates from December 2017</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_references_from_June_2009" title="Category:Articles needing additional references from June 2009">Articles needing additional references from June 2009</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_additional_references" title="Category:All articles needing additional references">All articles needing additional references</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_French-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing French-language text">Articles containing French-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_German-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing German-language text">Articles containing German-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1:_long_volume_value" title="Category:CS1: long volume value">CS1: long volume value</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_link_is_locally_defined" title="Category:Commons link is locally defined">Commons link is locally defined</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 30 September 2024, at 08:14<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Blazon&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-w98px","wgBackendResponseTime":130,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.023","walltime":"1.274","ppvisitednodes":{"value":5038,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":182664,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":6548,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":14,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":14,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":140009,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1118.835 1 -total"," 20.01% 223.897 1 Template:Reflist"," 14.60% 163.312 3 Template:Navbox"," 14.10% 157.740 33 Template:Cite_book"," 11.74% 131.369 1 Template:Heraldry"," 10.71% 119.845 4 Template:Lang"," 10.55% 117.989 1 Template:OED"," 10.28% 115.036 1 Template:Heraldic_achievement"," 10.04% 112.283 1 Template:Sidebar"," 7.66% 85.726 1 Template:Refimprove"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.653","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":19240887,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"table#1 {\n [\"size\"] = \"tiny\",\n}\nanchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFBoutell1890\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBurke1967\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChisholm1911\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCussans1874\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDennys1975\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFElvins1988\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFairbairn1986\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFox-Davies1904\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFox-Davies1909\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFranklyn1968\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFriar1987\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGwynn-Jones1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHumphery-Smith1973\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFInnes_of_Learney1978\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLe_Févre1971\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLoudaMaclagan1981\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMackenzie_of_Rosehaugh1680\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMoncreiffePottinger1953\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNeubecker1976\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNisbet1984\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFParker1970\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPastoureau1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPaul1903\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPimbley1908\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPinches1994\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFReid_of_RobertlandWilson1977\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRietstap1967\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSiebmacher1890–1901\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSlater2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVelde1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWagner1946\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWagner1967\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWoodcockRobinson1988\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWoodwardBurnett1892\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFvon_Volborth1981\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFvon_Warnstedt1970\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"About\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite EB1911\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 33,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 3,\n [\"Commons-inline\"] = 1,\n [\"EngvarB\"] = 1,\n [\"Gloss\"] = 2,\n [\"Harvp\"] = 7,\n [\"Heraldic achievement\"] = 1,\n [\"Heraldry\"] = 1,\n [\"ISBN\"] = 3,\n [\"Lang\"] = 4,\n [\"Main\"] = 8,\n [\"OED\"] = 1,\n [\"Quote\"] = 2,\n [\"Refbegin\"] = 2,\n [\"Refend\"] = 2,\n [\"Refimprove\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"See also\"] = 1,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Snd\"] = 2,\n [\"Use dmy dates\"] = 1,\n [\"Webarchive\"] = 1,\n [\"Wiktionary-inline\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"size\"] = \"tiny\",\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-8cmsp","timestamp":"20241124164518","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Blazon","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Blazon","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q120083528","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q120083528","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2003-04-02T16:46:52Z","dateModified":"2024-09-30T08:14:09Z","headline":"formal description of a flag or similar emblem, from which the reader can reconstruct the appropriate image"}</script> </body> </html>