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mw-first-heading"><i>Hilfspolizei</i></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 11 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-11" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">11 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%B1%D8%B7%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%A9" title="الشرطة المساعدة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الشرطة المساعدة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Дапаможная паліцыя – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Дапаможная паліцыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Дапаможная паліцыя – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Дапаможная паліцыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hilfspolizei" title="Hilfspolizei – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Hilfspolizei" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hilfspolizei" title="Hilfspolizei – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Hilfspolizei" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hilfspolizei" title="Hilfspolizei – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Hilfspolizei" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hilfspolizei" title="Hilfspolizei – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Hilfspolizei" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Вспомогательная полиция – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Вспомогательная полиция" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hilfspolizei" title="Hilfspolizei – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Hilfspolizei" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hilfspolizei" title="Hilfspolizei – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Hilfspolizei" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8C%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%85%D1%83" title="Допоміжна поліція Третього Рейху – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Допоміжна поліція Третього Рейху" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span 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class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-14381%2C_Berlin%2C_Polizeipatrouille_am_Wahltag.jpg/220px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-14381%2C_Berlin%2C_Polizeipatrouille_am_Wahltag.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="315" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-14381%2C_Berlin%2C_Polizeipatrouille_am_Wahltag.jpg/330px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-14381%2C_Berlin%2C_Polizeipatrouille_am_Wahltag.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-14381%2C_Berlin%2C_Polizeipatrouille_am_Wahltag.jpg/440px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-14381%2C_Berlin%2C_Polizeipatrouille_am_Wahltag.jpg 2x" data-file-width="558" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>Members of <a href="/wiki/Schutzpolizei_(Nazi_Germany)" title="Schutzpolizei (Nazi Germany)">Schutzpolizei</a> (left) and Hilfspolizei (right) patrol Berlin on 5 March 1933, the day of the <a href="/wiki/March_1933_German_federal_election" title="March 1933 German federal election">Reichstag election</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The <i><b>Hilfspolizei</b></i> (<i><b>HiPo</b></i> or <i><b>Hipo</b></i>; meaning "auxiliary police") was a short-lived <a href="/wiki/Auxiliary_police" title="Auxiliary police">auxiliary police</a> force in <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a> in 1933. The term was later semi-officially used for various auxiliary organizations subordinated to the <i><a href="/wiki/Ordnungspolizei" title="Ordnungspolizei">Ordnungspolizei</a></i> as well as various military and paramilitary units set up during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> in <a href="/wiki/German-occupied_Europe" title="German-occupied Europe">German-occupied Europe</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hipo_1933">Hipo 1933</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hilfspolizei&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Hipo 1933"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Hermann_G%C3%B6ring" title="Hermann Göring">Hermann Göring</a>, newly appointed as Interior Minister of <a href="/wiki/Prussia" title="Prussia">Prussia</a>, established the Hilfspolizei on 22 February 1933 to assist regular police in maintaining order and later in handling communists in the wake of the <a href="/wiki/Reichstag_fire" title="Reichstag fire">Reichstag fire</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The organization quickly spread from Prussia to other <a href="/wiki/States_of_Germany" title="States of Germany">German states</a> and Hitler endorsed it in the <a href="/wiki/Reichstag_Fire_Decree" title="Reichstag Fire Decree">Reichstag Fire Decree</a>. The units were staffed mainly by members of <a href="/wiki/Sturmabteilung" title="Sturmabteilung">Sturmabteilung</a> (SA) and <a href="/wiki/Allgemeine_SS" title="Allgemeine SS">Allgemeine SS</a> wearing SA or SS uniforms with a white <a href="/wiki/Brassard" title="Brassard">brassard</a>. It is estimated that the auxiliary units had 25,000 SA and 15,000 SS members.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The units also included members of <i>Der Stahlhelm</i> veterans organization (<i><a href="/wiki/Der_Stahlhelm,_Bund_der_Frontsoldaten" title="Der Stahlhelm, Bund der Frontsoldaten">Der Stahlhelm</a></i>). The force carried out or organized numerous violent attacks against Nazi opponents<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and staffed the early <a href="/wiki/Columbia_concentration_camp" title="Columbia concentration camp">Columbia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dachau_concentration_camp" title="Dachau concentration camp">Dachau concentration camps</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/SS-Totenkopfverb%C3%A4nde" title="SS-Totenkopfverbände">SS-Totenkopfverbände</a> grew out of this formation.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The force was disbanded in August 1933 due to international protests that the units violated the disarmament provisions of the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Versailles" title="Treaty of Versailles">Treaty of Versailles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a>'s growing distrust of SA,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and outliving its purpose during the consolidation of the new Nazi régime.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hipo_during_the_war">Hipo during the war</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hilfspolizei&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Hipo during the war"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_121-0224,_Berlin,_Tag_der_deutschen_Polizei,_Vorf%C3%BChrungen.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Bundesarchiv_Bild_121-0224%2C_Berlin%2C_Tag_der_deutschen_Polizei%2C_Vorf%C3%BChrungen.jpg/220px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_121-0224%2C_Berlin%2C_Tag_der_deutschen_Polizei%2C_Vorf%C3%BChrungen.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Bundesarchiv_Bild_121-0224%2C_Berlin%2C_Tag_der_deutschen_Polizei%2C_Vorf%C3%BChrungen.jpg/330px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_121-0224%2C_Berlin%2C_Tag_der_deutschen_Polizei%2C_Vorf%C3%BChrungen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Bundesarchiv_Bild_121-0224%2C_Berlin%2C_Tag_der_deutschen_Polizei%2C_Vorf%C3%BChrungen.jpg/440px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_121-0224%2C_Berlin%2C_Tag_der_deutschen_Polizei%2C_Vorf%C3%BChrungen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="797" data-file-height="551" /></a><figcaption>Members of TeNo during a demonstration for the general public in 1939.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Technical_Hipo">Technical Hipo</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hilfspolizei&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Technical Hipo"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>Air raid protection police</b> (<i><a href="/wiki/Luftschutzpolizei" title="Luftschutzpolizei">Luftschutzpolizei</a></i>) was the <a href="/wiki/Civil_defense" title="Civil defense">civil protection service</a> in charge of air raid defence and rescue victims of bombings in connection with the <i>Technische Nothilfe</i> (Technical Emergency Service) and the <i>Feuerschutzpolizei</i> (professional fire departments). Created as the Security and Assistance Service (<i>Sicherheits und Hilfsdienst</i>) in 1935, it was renamed <i>Luftschutzpolizei</i> in April 1942. The air raid network was supported by the <i><a href="/wiki/Reichsluftschutzbund" title="Reichsluftschutzbund">Reichsluftschutzbund</a></i> (Reich Association for Air Raid Precautions), an organization controlled from 1935 by the Air Ministry under <a href="/wiki/Hermann_G%C3%B6ring" title="Hermann Göring">Hermann Göring</a>. The RLB set up an organization of air raid wardens who were responsible for the safety of a building or a group of houses.</li> <li><b>Technical Emergency Corps</b> (<i><a href="/wiki/Technische_Nothilfe" title="Technische Nothilfe">Technische Nothilfe</a></i>; TeNo) was a corps of engineers, technicians and specialists in construction work. The TeNo was created in 1919 to keep the public utilities and essential industries running during the wave of strikes. From 1937, the TeNo became a technical auxiliary corps of the police and was absorbed into Orpo <i>Hauptamt</i>. By 1943, the TeNo had over 100,000 members.</li> <li><b>Feuerwehren</b>, volunteer fire departments, conscripted fire departments and industrial fire departments were auxiliary police subordinate to the Ordnungspolizei. They carried firearms at all times.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Special_Hipo">Special Hipo</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hilfspolizei&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Special Hipo"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>Radio protection</b> (<i>Funkschutz</i>) was made up of SS and Orpo security personnel assigned to protect German broadcasting stations from attack and sabotage. The Funkschutz was also the primary investigating service which detected illegal reception of foreign radio broadcasts.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Postschutz" title="Postschutz">Postschutz</a></b> (Postal protection) comprised roughly 45,000 members (including mailmen) and was tasked with the security of Germany's <i>Reichspost,</i> which was responsible not only for the mail but other communications media such as the <a href="/wiki/Telephone" title="Telephone">telephone</a> and <a href="/wiki/Telegraph" class="mw-redirect" title="Telegraph">telegraph</a> systems. All were issued firearms.</li> <li><b>SS-<i>Bahnschutz</i></b> replaced the Railway police within the Reich territory from 1944.</li> <li><b>Factory protection police</b> (<i>Werkschutzpolizei</i>) were the <a href="/wiki/Security_guard" title="Security guard">security guards</a> of Nazi Germany. Its personnel were civilians employed by industrial enterprises, and typically were issued paramilitary uniforms and firearms.</li> <li><b>Urban and rural emergency police</b> (<i>Stadt- und Landwacht</i>) created in 1942 as a part-time police reserve. Abolished in 1945 with the creation of the <i><a href="/wiki/Volkssturm" title="Volkssturm">Volkssturm</a></i>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hipo_in_occupied_Europe">Hipo in occupied Europe</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hilfspolizei&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Hipo in occupied Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The term <i>Hilfspolizei</i> was also used for various military and paramilitary units set up during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> in <a href="/wiki/German-occupied_Europe" title="German-occupied Europe">German-occupied Europe</a>. In this context, the term often labels groups of local <a href="/wiki/Collaborationism" class="mw-redirect" title="Collaborationism">collaborators</a> with the Nazi régime, such as the <a href="/wiki/HIPO_Corps" title="HIPO Corps">HIPO Corps</a> in Denmark, various <a href="/wiki/Schutzmannschaft" title="Schutzmannschaft">Schutzmannschaft</a> units, <a href="/wiki/Selbstschutz" title="Selbstschutz">Selbstschutz</a>, etc. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hilfspolizei&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFLittlejohn1990" class="citation book cs1">Littlejohn, David (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-loCEm4maE8C&pg=PA37"><i>The SA 1921-45: Hitler's stormtroopers</i></a>. Osprey Publishing. p. 37. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85045-944-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-85045-944-9"><bdi>978-0-85045-944-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+SA+1921-45%3A+Hitler%27s+stormtroopers&rft.pages=37&rft.pub=Osprey+Publishing&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-0-85045-944-9&rft.aulast=Littlejohn&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-loCEm4maE8C%26pg%3DPA37&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHilfspolizei" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAilsby1998" class="citation book cs1">Ailsby, Christopher (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HAMd81LJJs4C&pg=PA9"><i>SS: hell on the Eastern front: the Waffen-SS war in Russia, 1941-1945</i></a>. Zenith Imprint. p. 9. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7603-0538-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7603-0538-6"><bdi>978-0-7603-0538-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=SS%3A+hell+on+the+Eastern+front%3A+the+Waffen-SS+war+in+Russia%2C+1941-1945&rft.pages=9&rft.pub=Zenith+Imprint&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-7603-0538-6&rft.aulast=Ailsby&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHAMd81LJJs4C%26pg%3DPA9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHilfspolizei" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPatel2005" class="citation book cs1">Patel, Kiran Klaus (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nqTsBdOzNF4C&pg=PA75"><i>Soldiers of labor: labor service in Nazi Germany and New Deal America, 1933-1945</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. p. 75. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-83416-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-83416-2"><bdi>978-0-521-83416-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Soldiers+of+labor%3A+labor+service+in+Nazi+Germany+and+New+Deal+America%2C+1933-1945&rft.pages=75&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-521-83416-2&rft.aulast=Patel&rft.aufirst=Kiran+Klaus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnqTsBdOzNF4C%26pg%3DPA75&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHilfspolizei" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSteiner1976" class="citation book cs1">Steiner, John Michael (1976). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=duwqSxjG6hAC&pg=PA60"><i>Power politics and social change in National Socialist Germany: a process of escalation into mass destruction</i></a>. Walter de Gruyter. p. 60. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/90-279-7651-1" title="Special:BookSources/90-279-7651-1"><bdi>90-279-7651-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Power+politics+and+social+change+in+National+Socialist+Germany%3A+a+process+of+escalation+into+mass+destruction&rft.pages=60&rft.pub=Walter+de+Gruyter&rft.date=1976&rft.isbn=90-279-7651-1&rft.aulast=Steiner&rft.aufirst=John+Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DduwqSxjG6hAC%26pg%3DPA60&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHilfspolizei" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRipley2004" class="citation book cs1">Ripley, Tim (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0TrWrxxDkf8C&pg=PA59"><i>The Waffen-SS At War: Hitler's Praetorians 1925-1945</i></a>. Zenith Imprint. p. 59. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7603-2068-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-7603-2068-3"><bdi>0-7603-2068-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Waffen-SS+At+War%3A+Hitler%27s+Praetorians+1925-1945&rft.pages=59&rft.pub=Zenith+Imprint&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-7603-2068-3&rft.aulast=Ripley&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0TrWrxxDkf8C%26pg%3DPA59&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHilfspolizei" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWilliamsonGerry_Embleton2006" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Williamson_(writer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gordon Williamson (writer)">Williamson, Gordon</a>; Gerry Embleton (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xQVFRaxNWoYC&pg=PA4"><i>World War II German Police Units</i></a>. Osprey. p. 4. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84603-068-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84603-068-0"><bdi>978-1-84603-068-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=World+War+II+German+Police+Units&rft.pages=4&rft.pub=Osprey&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-84603-068-0&rft.aulast=Williamson&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rft.au=Gerry+Embleton&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DxQVFRaxNWoYC%26pg%3DPA4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHilfspolizei" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLiang2002" class="citation book cs1">Liang, Hsi-Huey (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lM1kTJKKa4oC&pg=PA256"><i>The Rise of Modern Police and the European State System from Metternich to the Second World War</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. p. 256. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-52287-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-52287-0"><bdi>0-521-52287-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Rise+of+Modern+Police+and+the+European+State+System+from+Metternich+to+the+Second+World+War&rft.pages=256&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-521-52287-0&rft.aulast=Liang&rft.aufirst=Hsi-Huey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlM1kTJKKa4oC%26pg%3DPA256&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHilfspolizei" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hilfspolizei&oldid=1247026767">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hilfspolizei&oldid=1247026767</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1933_establishments_in_Germany" title="Category:1933 establishments in Germany">1933 establishments in Germany</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1933_disestablishments_in_Germany" title="Category:1933 disestablishments in Germany">1933 disestablishments in Germany</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Nazi_Party_organizations" title="Category:Nazi Party organizations">Nazi Party organizations</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Holocaust_terminology" title="Category:Holocaust terminology">Holocaust terminology</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Auxiliary_police_units_of_Nazi_Germany" title="Category:Auxiliary police units of Nazi Germany">Auxiliary police units of Nazi Germany</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 22 September 2024, at 12:45<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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