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Available in 25 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-25" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">25 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B3_1933" title="الانتخابات الفيدرالية الألمانية مارس 1933 – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الانتخابات الفيدرالية الألمانية مارس 1933" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B_%D1%9E_%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%96_(1933,_%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%BA)" title="Парламенцкія выбары ў Германіі (1933, сакавік) – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Парламенцкія выбары ў Германіі (1933, сакавік)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eleccions_federals_alemanyes_de_mar%C3%A7_de_1933" title="Eleccions federals alemanyes de març de 1933 – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Eleccions federals alemanyes de març de 1933" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C4%9Bmeck%C3%A9_volby_do_%C5%99%C3%AD%C5%A1sk%C3%A9ho_sn%C4%9Bmu_1933_(b%C5%99ezen)" title="Německé volby do říšského sněmu 1933 (březen) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Německé volby do říšského sněmu 1933 (březen)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valget_til_den_tyske_rigsdag_1933" title="Valget til den tyske rigsdag 1933 – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Valget til den tyske rigsdag 1933" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reichstagswahl_M%C3%A4rz_1933" title="Reichstagswahl März 1933 – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Reichstagswahl März 1933" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BC%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AD%CF%82_%CE%B3%CE%B5%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AD%CF%82_%CE%B5%CE%BA%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%AD%CF%82_%CE%9C%CE%B1%CF%81%CF%84%CE%AF%CE%BF%CF%85_1933" title="Γερμανικές γενικές εκλογές Μαρτίου 1933 – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γερμανικές γενικές εκλογές Μαρτίου 1933" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elecciones_federales_de_Alemania_de_marzo_de_1933" title="Elecciones federales de Alemania de marzo de 1933 – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Elecciones federales de Alemania de marzo de 1933" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89lections_l%C3%A9gislatives_allemandes_de_mars_1933" title="Élections législatives allemandes de mars 1933 – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Élections législatives allemandes de mars 1933" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/1933%EB%85%84_3%EC%9B%94_%EB%8F%85%EC%9D%BC_%EA%B5%AD%EA%B0%80%EC%9D%98%ED%9A%8C_%EC%84%A0%EA%B1%B0" title="1933년 3월 독일 국가의회 선거 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="1933년 3월 독일 국가의회 선거" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pemilihan_umum_federal_Jerman_Maret_1933" title="Pemilihan umum federal Jerman Maret 1933 – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pemilihan umum federal Jerman Maret 1933" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elezioni_parlamentari_in_Germania_del_marzo_1933" title="Elezioni parlamentari in Germania del marzo 1933 – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Elezioni parlamentari in Germania del marzo 1933" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%91%D7%97%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%A4%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%91%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%A0%D7%90%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%AA_(%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%A5_1933)" title="הבחירות הפדרליות בגרמניה הנאצית (מרץ 1933) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הבחירות הפדרליות בגרמניה הנאצית (מרץ 1933)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duitse_Rijksdagverkiezingen_1933" title="Duitse Rijksdagverkiezingen 1933 – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Duitse Rijksdagverkiezingen 1933" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/1933%E5%B9%B43%E6%9C%88%E3%83%89%E3%82%A4%E3%83%84%E5%9B%BD%E4%BC%9A%E9%81%B8%E6%8C%99" title="1933年3月ドイツ国会選挙 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="1933年3月ドイツ国会選挙" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valget_i_Tyskland_1933" title="Valget i Tyskland 1933 – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Valget i Tyskland 1933" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wybory_parlamentarne_w_Republice_Weimarskiej_w_marcu_1933_roku" title="Wybory parlamentarne w Republice Weimarskiej w marcu 1933 roku – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wybory parlamentarne w Republice Weimarskiej w marcu 1933 roku" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elei%C3%A7%C3%A3o_federal_na_Alemanha_em_mar%C3%A7o_de_1933" title="Eleição federal na Alemanha em março de 1933 – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Eleição federal na Alemanha em março de 1933" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alegeri_legislative_%C3%AEn_Germania,_martie_1933" title="Alegeri legislative în Germania, martie 1933 – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Alegeri legislative în Germania, martie 1933" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8_(1933,_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82)" title="Парламентские выборы в Германии (1933, март) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Парламентские выборы в Германии (1933, март)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saksan_valtiop%C3%A4iv%C3%A4vaalit_1933_(maaliskuu)" title="Saksan valtiopäivävaalit 1933 (maaliskuu) – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Saksan valtiopäivävaalit 1933 (maaliskuu)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riksdagsvalet_i_Tyskland_1933_(mars)" title="Riksdagsvalet i Tyskland 1933 (mars) – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Riksdagsvalet i Tyskland 1933 (mars)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mart_1933_Almanya_federal_se%C3%A7imleri" title="Mart 1933 Almanya federal seçimleri – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Mart 1933 Almanya federal seçimleri" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%BE_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%85%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%83_(%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C_1933)" title="Вибори до Рейхстагу (березень 1933) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Вибори до Рейхстагу (березень 1933)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1933%E5%B9%B43%E6%9C%88%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%8B%E6%9C%83%E9%81%B8%E8%88%89" title="1933年3月德國國會選舉 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="1933年3月德國國會選舉" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet 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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) 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.infobox-header{font-weight:normal}@media(max-width:640px){body.skin--responsive:not(.skin-monobook):not(.skin-timeless) .mw-parser-output .ib-election .notpageimage.noresize img{height:80px!important;width:auto!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ib-election .mw-file-description img{background-color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ib-election .mw-file-description img{background-color:#f8f9fa}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1152813436">.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px;white-space:nowrap}</style><table class="infobox ib-election infobox-table vevent" style="width:300px"><caption class="infobox-title summary">March 1933 German federal election</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Germany_%283-2%29.svg/50px-Flag_of_Germany_%283-2%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Germany_%283-2%29.svg/75px-Flag_of_Germany_%283-2%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Germany_%283-2%29.svg/100px-Flag_of_Germany_%283-2%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><hr /></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><table style="width:100%; margin:1px; display:inline-table;"><tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:left; vertical-align:middle; padding:0 0.5em 0 0;width:20%;" class="noprint">← <a href="/wiki/November_1932_German_federal_election" title="November 1932 German federal election">Nov 1932</a></td> <td style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;; padding:0 1px;width:60%;" class=""><b>5 March 1933<span style="display: none;"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1933-03-05</span>)</span></b></td> <td style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;; padding:0 0 0 0.5em;width:20%;" class="noprint"><a href="/wiki/November_1933_German_parliamentary_election" title="November 1933 German parliamentary election">Nov 1933</a> →</td> </tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><hr />All 647 seats in the <a href="/wiki/Reichstag_(Weimar_Republic)" title="Reichstag (Weimar Republic)">Reichstag</a><br />324 seats needed for a majority</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Registered</th><td class="infobox-data">44,685,764 (<span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/20px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/40px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.7%)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Turnout</th><td class="infobox-data">88.7% (<span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/20px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/40px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 8.1<a href="/wiki/Percentage_point" title="Percentage point">pp</a>)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table style="background:transparent; color: inherit; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr class="sr-only"> <th style="text-align:left;">  </th> <th style="text-align:center">First party </th> <th style="text-align:center">Second party </th> <th style="text-align:center">Third party </th></tr> <tr> <td>  </td> <td class="notheme" style="text-align:center;border-bottom: 6px solid #964B00;"><div class=""> <div style="width: 120px; height: 160px; overflow: hidden;"> <div style="position: relative; top: -0px; left: -0px; width: 120px"><div class="noresize"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Adolf_Hitler_1932_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Adolf Hitler 1932 (cropped).jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Adolf_Hitler_1932_%28cropped%29.jpg/120px-Adolf_Hitler_1932_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Adolf_Hitler_1932_%28cropped%29.jpg/180px-Adolf_Hitler_1932_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Adolf_Hitler_1932_%28cropped%29.jpg/240px-Adolf_Hitler_1932_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="326" data-file-height="435" /></a></span></div></div> </div> </div> </td> <td class="notheme" style="text-align:center;border-bottom: 6px solid #E3000F;"><div class=""> <div style="width: 120px; height: 160px; overflow: hidden;"> <div style="position: relative; top: -0px; left: -0px; width: 120px"><div class="noresize"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SPD_1932_leadership.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="SPD 1932 leadership.jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/SPD_1932_leadership.jpg/120px-SPD_1932_leadership.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/SPD_1932_leadership.jpg/180px-SPD_1932_leadership.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/SPD_1932_leadership.jpg/240px-SPD_1932_leadership.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1439" data-file-height="1919" /></a></span></div></div> </div> </div> </td> <td class="notheme" style="text-align:center;border-bottom: 6px solid #C43988;"><div class=""> <div style="width: 120px; height: 160px; overflow: hidden;"> <div style="position: relative; top: -0px; left: -0px; width: 120px"><div class="noresize"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ernst_Th%C3%A4lmann_1932.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Ernst Thälmann 1932.jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Ernst_Th%C3%A4lmann_1932.jpg/120px-Ernst_Th%C3%A4lmann_1932.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Ernst_Th%C3%A4lmann_1932.jpg/180px-Ernst_Th%C3%A4lmann_1932.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Ernst_Th%C3%A4lmann_1932.jpg/240px-Ernst_Th%C3%A4lmann_1932.jpg 2x" data-file-width="917" data-file-height="1223" /></a></span></div></div> </div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Leader </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Otto_Wels" title="Otto Wels">Otto Wels</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Crispien" title="Arthur Crispien">Arthur Crispien</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Hans_Vogel" title="Hans Vogel">Hans Vogel</a> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Th%C3%A4lmann" title="Ernst Thälmann">Ernst Thälmann</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="width:75px;text-align:left">Party </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Party" title="Nazi Party">NSDAP</a> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Germany" title="Social Democratic Party of Germany">SPD</a> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Germany" title="Communist Party of Germany">KPD</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Last election </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">33.1%, 196 seats </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">20.4%, 121 seats </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">16.9%, 100 seats </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Seats won </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><b>288</b> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">120 </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">81 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Seat change </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/20px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/40px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 92 </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/20px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/40px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1 </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/20px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/40px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 19 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Popular vote </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><b>17,277,180</b> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">7,181,629 </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">4,848,058 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Percentage </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><b>43.9%</b> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">18.3% </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">12.3% </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Swing </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/20px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/40px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 10.8 <a href="/wiki/Percentage_point" title="Percentage point">pp</a> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/20px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/40px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 2.1 <a href="/wiki/Percentage_point" title="Percentage point">pp</a> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/20px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/40px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 4.6 <a href="/wiki/Percentage_point" title="Percentage point">pp</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4"><hr /> </td></tr> <tr class="sr-only"> <th style="text-align:left;">  </th> <th style="text-align:center">Fourth party </th> <th style="text-align:center">Fifth party </th> <th style="text-align:center">Sixth party </th></tr> <tr> <td>  </td> <td class="notheme" style="text-align:center;border-bottom: 6px solid #000000;"><div class=""> <div style="width: 120px; height: 160px; overflow: hidden;"> <div style="position: relative; top: -0px; left: -0px; width: 130px"><div class="noresize"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ludwig_Kaas,_by_Erich_Salomon,_1930.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Ludwig Kaas, by Erich Salomon, 1930.jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Ludwig_Kaas%2C_by_Erich_Salomon%2C_1930.jpg/130px-Ludwig_Kaas%2C_by_Erich_Salomon%2C_1930.jpg" decoding="async" width="130" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Ludwig_Kaas%2C_by_Erich_Salomon%2C_1930.jpg/195px-Ludwig_Kaas%2C_by_Erich_Salomon%2C_1930.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Ludwig_Kaas%2C_by_Erich_Salomon%2C_1930.jpg/260px-Ludwig_Kaas%2C_by_Erich_Salomon%2C_1930.jpg 2x" data-file-width="355" data-file-height="447" /></a></span></div></div> </div> </div> </td> <td class="notheme" style="text-align:center;border-bottom: 6px solid #3F7BC1;"><div class=""> <div style="width: 120px; height: 160px; overflow: hidden;"> <div style="position: relative; top: -0px; left: -0px; width: 120px"><div class="noresize"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:AlfredHugenberg1933_(cropped).jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="AlfredHugenberg1933 (cropped).jpeg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/AlfredHugenberg1933_%28cropped%29.jpeg/120px-AlfredHugenberg1933_%28cropped%29.jpeg" decoding="async" width="120" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/AlfredHugenberg1933_%28cropped%29.jpeg/180px-AlfredHugenberg1933_%28cropped%29.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/AlfredHugenberg1933_%28cropped%29.jpeg/240px-AlfredHugenberg1933_%28cropped%29.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="2956" data-file-height="3937" /></a></span></div></div> </div> </div> </td> <td class="notheme" style="text-align:center;border-bottom: 6px solid #69A2BE;"><div class=""> <div style="width: 120px; height: 160px; overflow: hidden;"> <div style="position: relative; top: -0px; left: -0px; width: 120px"><div class="noresize"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Heinrich_Held,_1933_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Heinrich Held, 1933 (cropped).jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Heinrich_Held%2C_1933_%28cropped%29.jpg/120px-Heinrich_Held%2C_1933_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Heinrich_Held%2C_1933_%28cropped%29.jpg/180px-Heinrich_Held%2C_1933_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Heinrich_Held%2C_1933_%28cropped%29.jpg/240px-Heinrich_Held%2C_1933_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1900" data-file-height="2850" /></a></span></div></div> </div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Leader </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Kaas" title="Ludwig Kaas">Ludwig Kaas</a> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Hugenberg" title="Alfred Hugenberg">Alfred Hugenberg</a> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Held" title="Heinrich Held">Heinrich Held</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="width:75px;text-align:left">Party </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Centre_Party_(Germany)" title="Centre Party (Germany)">Centre</a> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/German_National_People%27s_Party" title="German National People's Party">DNVP</a> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Bavarian_People%27s_Party" title="Bavarian People's Party">BVP</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Last election </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">11.9%, 70 seats </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">8.3%, 51 seats </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">3.1%, 20 seats </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Seats won </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">73 </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">52 </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">19 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Seat change </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/20px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/40px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 3 </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/20px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/40px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1 </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/20px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/40px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Popular vote </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">4,424,905 </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">3,136,760 </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">1,073,552 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Percentage </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">11.3% </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">8.0% </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">2.7% </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Swing </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/20px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/40px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.6 <a href="/wiki/Percentage_point" title="Percentage point">pp</a> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/20px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/40px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.3 <a href="/wiki/Percentage_point" title="Percentage point">pp</a> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/20px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/40px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.4 <a href="/wiki/Percentage_point" title="Percentage point">pp</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><hr /><div class="switcher-container"><div> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1933_German_federal_election_-_Charts.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/1933_German_federal_election_-_Charts.svg/450px-1933_German_federal_election_-_Charts.svg.png" decoding="async" width="450" height="354" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/1933_German_federal_election_-_Charts.svg/675px-1933_German_federal_election_-_Charts.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/1933_German_federal_election_-_Charts.svg/900px-1933_German_federal_election_-_Charts.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="6021" data-file-height="4735" /></a></span> <span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Results by electoral constituency</span></div><div> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:German_federal_election,_1933.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/German_federal_election%2C_1933.svg/500px-German_federal_election%2C_1933.svg.png" decoding="async" width="450" height="357" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/German_federal_election%2C_1933.svg/675px-German_federal_election%2C_1933.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/German_federal_election%2C_1933.svg/900px-German_federal_election%2C_1933.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="406" /></a></span> <span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Seat distribution by electoral constituency</span></div><div> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:March_1933_German_federal_election_by_District.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/March_1933_German_federal_election_by_District.svg/500px-March_1933_German_federal_election_by_District.svg.png" decoding="async" width="450" height="354" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/March_1933_German_federal_election_by_District.svg/960px-March_1933_German_federal_election_by_District.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="6021" data-file-height="4735" /></a></span> <span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Results by <a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Germany" title="Districts of Germany">district and independent city</a></span></div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><hr /> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="background:transparent; color: inherit; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:50%; text-align:left;"><b>Government before election</b><br /> <p><a href="/wiki/Hitler_cabinet" title="Hitler cabinet">Hitler cabinet</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Party" title="Nazi Party">NSDAP</a>–<a href="/wiki/German_National_People%27s_Party" title="German National People's Party">DNVP</a> </p> </td> <td style="width:50%; 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rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks vcard hlist" style="width:22.0em; border: 4px double var(--background-color-inverted, #101418);"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle"><b><span style="color:var(--color-base, #101112)">This article is part of a series on the</span></b></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background:#d33; border: 1px double #8C959A;"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Germany" title="Politics of Germany"><span style="color: white;"><small>Politics of </small><br />Germany</span></a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Germany.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Coat_of_arms_of_Germany.svg/90px-Coat_of_arms_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="116" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Coat_of_arms_of_Germany.svg/135px-Coat_of_arms_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Coat_of_arms_of_Germany.svg/180px-Coat_of_arms_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="396" data-file-height="510" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:#FFCC00; color:black; border: 1px double #8C959A;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Basic_Law_for_the_Federal_Republic_of_Germany" title="Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany"><span style="color:#000;">Constitution <span style="font-size: 85%;">(Basic Law)</span></span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Constitutional_Court_of_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Constitutional Court of Germany">Federal Constitutional Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Germany" title="Human rights in Germany">Human rights</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:#FFCC00; color:black; border: 1px double #8C959A;;color: var(--color-base)">Head of State</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/President_of_Germany" title="President of Germany">President of Germany</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frank-Walter_Steinmeier" title="Frank-Walter Steinmeier">Frank-Walter Steinmeier</a> (<a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Germany" title="Social Democratic Party of Germany">SPD</a>)</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:#FFCC00; color:black; border: 1px double #8C959A;;color: var(--color-base)">Executive</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_Germany_(1949%E2%80%93)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chancellor of Germany (1949–)">Chancellor of Germany</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_chancellors_of_Germany" title="List of chancellors of Germany">list</a>)</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Olaf_Scholz" title="Olaf Scholz">Olaf Scholz</a> (<a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Germany" title="Social Democratic Party of Germany">SPD</a>)</li></ul> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Vice-Chancellor_of_Germany" title="Vice-Chancellor of Germany">Vice Chancellor of Germany</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Habeck" title="Robert Habeck">Robert Habeck</a> (<a href="/wiki/Alliance_90/The_Greens" title="Alliance 90/The Greens">Grüne</a>)</li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Government_of_Germany" title="Federal Government of Germany">Cabinet</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Scholz_cabinet" title="Scholz cabinet">Scholz</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_agency_(Germany)" title="Federal agency (Germany)">Federal agencies</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:#FFCC00; color:black; border: 1px double #8C959A;;color: var(--color-base)">Legislature</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Bundestag" title="Bundestag">Bundestag</a></b> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_Bundestag_constituencies" title="List of Bundestag constituencies">constituencies</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_German_Bundestag" title="Member of the German Bundestag">members</a></dd></dl></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Bundesrat_of_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Bundesrat of Germany">Bundesrat</a></b></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vermittlungsausschuss&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vermittlungsausschuss (page does not exist)"><i>Vermittlungsausschuss</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gemeinsamer_Ausschuss" title="Gemeinsamer Ausschuss"><i>Gemeinsamer Ausschuss</i></a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:#FFCC00; color:black; border: 1px double #8C959A;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Germany" title="Judiciary of Germany"><span style="color:#000;">Judiciary</span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Constitutional_Court" title="Federal Constitutional Court">Federal Constitutional Court</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li>Federal courts</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Court_of_Justice" title="Federal Court of Justice">Ordinary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Administrative_Court_(Germany)" title="Federal Administrative Court (Germany)">Administrative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Fiscal_Court" title="Federal Fiscal Court">Fiscal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Labour_Court" title="Federal Labour Court">Labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Social_Court" title="Federal Social Court">Social</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joint_Senate_of_the_Supreme_Courts_of_the_Federation" title="Joint Senate of the Supreme Courts of the Federation">Joint Senate</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Germany#Courts" title="Judiciary of Germany">Other courts</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:#FFCC00; color:black; border: 1px double #8C959A;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative divisions of Germany"><span style="color:#000;">Subdivisions</span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/States_of_Germany" title="States of Germany">State (<i>Land</i>)</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Minister_President_(Germany)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister President (Germany)">Minister president</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Parliament_(Germany)" title="State Parliament (Germany)">State Parliament (<i>Landtag</i>)</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Composition_of_the_German_state_parliaments" title="Composition of the German state parliaments">composition</a></dd></dl></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Regierungsbezirk" title="Regierungsbezirk"><i>Regierungsbezirk</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Germany" title="Districts of Germany">District (<i>Kreis</i>)</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_districts_of_Germany" title="List of districts of Germany">list</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amt_(country_subdivision)" class="mw-redirect" title="Amt (country subdivision)">Collective municipality (<i>Amt</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Germany" title="Municipalities of Germany">Municipality (<i>Gemeinde</i>)</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Germany" title="List of municipalities in Germany">list</a></dd></dl></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:#FFCC00; color:black; border: 1px double #8C959A;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Germany" title="Elections in Germany"><span style="color:#000;">Elections</span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_system_of_Germany" title="Electoral system of Germany">Electoral system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Germany" title="List of political parties in Germany">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Referendums_in_Germany" title="Referendums in Germany">Referendums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_governing_coalition" title="German governing coalition">Coalitions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Convention_(Germany)" title="Federal Convention (Germany)">Federal Convention (<i>Bundesversammlung</i>)</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b>Presidential elections</b></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Germany_(1919%E2%80%931945)" title="President of Germany (1919–1945)">Weimar Republic (1919–1933)</a></li></ul> <div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1919_German_presidential_election" title="1919 German presidential election">1919</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1925_German_presidential_election" title="1925 German presidential election">1925</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1932_German_presidential_election" title="1932 German presidential election">1932</a></li></ul> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_East_Germany" title="President of East Germany">East Germany (1949–1960)</a></li></ul> <div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1949_East_German_presidential_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1949 East German presidential election (page does not exist)">1949</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1953_East_German_presidential_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1953 East German presidential election (page does not exist)">1953</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1957_East_German_presidential_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1957 East German presidential election (page does not exist)">1957</a></li></ul> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Germany" title="President of Germany">Federal Republic of Germany (since 1949)</a></li></ul> <div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1949_West_German_presidential_election" title="1949 West German presidential election">1949</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1954_West_German_presidential_election" title="1954 West German presidential election">1954</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1959_West_German_presidential_election" title="1959 West German presidential election">1959</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1964_West_German_presidential_election" title="1964 West German presidential election">1964</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1969_West_German_presidential_election" title="1969 West German presidential election">1969</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1974_West_German_presidential_election" title="1974 West German presidential election">1974</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1979_West_German_presidential_election" title="1979 West German presidential election">1979</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_West_German_presidential_election" title="1984 West German presidential election">1984</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989_West_German_presidential_election" title="1989 West German presidential election">1989</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_German_presidential_election" title="1994 German presidential election">1994</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_German_presidential_election" title="1999 German presidential election">1999</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_German_presidential_election" title="2004 German presidential election">2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_German_presidential_election" title="2009 German presidential election">2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_German_presidential_election" title="2010 German presidential election">2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_German_presidential_election" title="2012 German presidential election">2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_German_presidential_election" title="2017 German presidential election">2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_German_presidential_election" title="2022 German presidential election">2022</a></li></ul> </div> <hr /> <ul><li><b>Parliamentary election</b></li></ul> <hr /> <div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/February_1867_North_German_federal_election" title="February 1867 North German federal election">1867 (Feb)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_1867_North_German_federal_election" title="August 1867 North German federal election">1867 (Aug)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1868_Zollparlament_election" title="1868 Zollparlament election">1868</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1871_German_federal_election" title="1871 German federal election">1871</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1874_German_federal_election" title="1874 German federal election">1874</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1877_German_federal_election" title="1877 German federal election">1877</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1878_German_federal_election" title="1878 German federal election">1878</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1881_German_federal_election" title="1881 German federal election">1881</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1884_German_federal_election" title="1884 German federal election">1884</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1887_German_federal_election" title="1887 German federal election">1887</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1890_German_federal_election" title="1890 German federal election">1890</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1893_German_federal_election" title="1893 German federal election">1893</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1898_German_federal_election" title="1898 German federal election">1898</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1903_German_federal_election" title="1903 German federal election">1903</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1907_German_federal_election" title="1907 German federal election">1907</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_German_federal_election" title="1912 German federal election">1912</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1919_German_federal_election" title="1919 German federal election">1919</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1920_German_federal_election" title="1920 German federal election">1920</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_1924_German_federal_election" title="May 1924 German federal election">1924 (May)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_1924_German_federal_election" title="December 1924 German federal election">1924 (Dec)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1928_German_federal_election" title="1928 German federal election">1928</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1930_German_federal_election" title="1930 German federal election">1930</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_1932_German_federal_election" title="July 1932 German federal election">1932 (July)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_1932_German_federal_election" title="November 1932 German federal election">1932 (Nov)</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">1933 (Mar)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_1933_German_parliamentary_election" title="November 1933 German parliamentary election">1933 (Nov)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1936_German_parliamentary_election_and_referendum" title="1936 German parliamentary election and referendum">1936</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1938_German_parliamentary_election_and_referendum" title="1938 German parliamentary election and referendum">1938</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1949_West_German_federal_election" title="1949 West German federal election">1949</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1953_West_German_federal_election" title="1953 West German federal election">1953</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1957_West_German_federal_election" title="1957 West German federal election">1957</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1961_West_German_federal_election" title="1961 West German federal election">1961</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1965_West_German_federal_election" title="1965 West German federal election">1965</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1969_West_German_federal_election" title="1969 West German federal election">1969</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972_West_German_federal_election" title="1972 West German federal election">1972</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1976_West_German_federal_election" title="1976 West German federal election">1976</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_West_German_federal_election" title="1980 West German federal election">1980</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983_West_German_federal_election" title="1983 West German federal election">1983</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1987_West_German_federal_election" title="1987 West German federal election">1987</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_German_federal_election" title="1990 German federal election">1990</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_German_federal_election" title="1994 German federal election">1994</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1998_German_federal_election" title="1998 German federal election">1998</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_German_federal_election" title="2002 German federal election">2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2005_German_federal_election" title="2005 German federal election">2005</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_German_federal_election" title="2009 German federal election">2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_German_federal_election" title="2013 German federal election">2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_German_federal_election" title="2017 German federal election">2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_German_federal_election" title="2021 German federal election">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2025_German_federal_election" title="2025 German federal election">2025</a></li></ul> </div> <hr /> <ul><li><b>European elections</b></li></ul> <hr /> <div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1979_European_Parliament_election_in_West_Germany" title="1979 European Parliament election in West Germany">1979</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_European_Parliament_election_in_West_Germany" title="1984 European Parliament election in West Germany">1984</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989_European_Parliament_election_in_West_Germany" title="1989 European Parliament election in West Germany">1989</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_European_Parliament_election_in_Germany" title="1994 European Parliament election in Germany">1994</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_European_Parliament_election_in_Germany" title="1999 European Parliament election in Germany">1999</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_European_Parliament_election_in_Germany" title="2004 European Parliament election in Germany">2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_European_Parliament_election_in_Germany" title="2009 European Parliament election in Germany">2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_European_Parliament_election_in_Germany" title="2014 European Parliament election in Germany">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_European_Parliament_election_in_Germany" title="2019 European Parliament election in Germany">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_European_Parliament_election_in_Germany" title="2024 European Parliament election in Germany">2024</a></li></ul> </div> <hr /></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:#FFCC00; color:black; border: 1px double #8C959A;;color: var(--color-base)">State and local politics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><b>State Politics</b></li></ul> <hr /> <div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Politics of Baden-Württemberg">Baden-Württemberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Bavaria" title="Politics of Bavaria">Bavaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Berlin" title="Politics of Berlin">Berlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Brandenburg" title="Politics of Brandenburg">Brandenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Politics_of_Bremen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Politics of Bremen (page does not exist)">Bremen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Hamburg" title="Politics of Hamburg">Hamburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Hesse" title="Politics of Hesse">Hesse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Lower_Saxony" title="Politics of Lower Saxony">Lower Saxony</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Politics_of_Mecklenburg-Vorpommern&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Politics of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern (page does not exist)">Mecklenburg-Vorpommern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="Politics of North Rhine-Westphalia">North Rhine-Westphalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Rhineland-Palatinate" title="Politics of Rhineland-Palatinate">Rhineland-Palatinate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Saarland" title="Politics of Saarland">Saarland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Saxony" title="Politics of Saxony">Saxony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Saxony-Anhalt" title="Politics of Saxony-Anhalt">Saxony-Anhalt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Schleswig-Holstein" title="Politics of Schleswig-Holstein">Schleswig-Holstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Thuringia" title="Politics of Thuringia">Thuringia</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:#FFCC00; color:black; border: 1px double #8C959A;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Germany" title="Foreign relations of Germany"><span style="color:#000;">Foreign relations</span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"><br /> <hr /> <ul><li><b>Foreign relations by country</b></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/France%E2%80%93Germany_relations" title="France–Germany relations">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany%E2%80%93Italy_relations" title="Germany–Italy relations">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Germany–United Kingdom relations">UK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Germany–United States relations">USA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Germany_relations" title="China–Germany relations">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Germany–Russia relations">Russia</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b>International Relations</b></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_European_Union" title="Politics of the European Union">Politics of the European Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visa_requirements_for_German_citizens" title="Visa requirements for German citizens">Visa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_passport" title="German passport">Passport</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:#FFCC00; color:black; border: 1px double #8C959A;;color: var(--color-base)">Political ideologies</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Political_culture_of_Germany" title="Political culture of Germany">Political culture</a> / <a href="/wiki/Federalism_in_Germany" title="Federalism in Germany">Federalism</a></li></ul> <hr /> <div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Communism_in_Germany_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Communism in Germany (disambiguation)">Communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Germany" title="Conservatism in Germany">Conservatism</a> (<a href="/wiki/Agrarian_Conservatism_in_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Agrarian Conservatism in Germany">Agrarian Conservatism</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Far-right_politics_in_Germany_(1945%E2%80%93present)" title="Far-right politics in Germany (1945–present)">Far-right</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Germany" title="Liberalism in Germany">Liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Social_Democratic_Party_of_Germany" title="History of the Social Democratic Party of Germany">Social Democracy</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below hlist"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/17px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/26px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/34px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Germany" title="Portal:Germany">Germany portal</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/20px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/40px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics portal</a></span></li></ul> <div class="hlist" style="text-align:center;font-weight:normal;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_political_science#Politics_by_region" title="Outline of political science">Other countries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Politics_of_Germany" title="Template:Politics of Germany"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Politics_of_Germany" title="Template talk:Politics of Germany"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Politics_of_Germany" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Politics of Germany"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Germany#German_elections_from_1871_to_1945" title="Elections in Germany">Federal elections</a> were held in <a href="/wiki/Weimar_Republic" title="Weimar Republic">Germany</a> on 5 March 1933, after the <a href="/wiki/Nazi_seizure_of_power" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazi seizure of power">Nazi seizure of power</a> on 30 January and just six days after the <a href="/wiki/Reichstag_fire" title="Reichstag fire">Reichstag fire</a>. The election saw <a href="/wiki/Nazi_stormtrooper" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazi stormtrooper">Nazi stormtroopers</a> unleash a widespread campaign of violence against the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Germany" title="Communist Party of Germany">Communist Party</a> (KPD), <a href="/wiki/Left-wing_politics" title="Left-wing politics">left-wingers</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Evans_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Evans-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 317">: 317 </span></sup> <a href="/wiki/Trade_unionists" class="mw-redirect" title="Trade unionists">trade unionists</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Germany" title="Social Democratic Party of Germany">Social Democratic Party</a><sup id="cite_ref-Evans_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Evans-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/Centre_Party_(Germany)" title="Centre Party (Germany)">Centre Party</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Evans_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Evans-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 322">: 322 </span></sup> They were the last multi-party elections in a united Germany until <a href="/wiki/1990_German_federal_election" title="1990 German federal election">1990</a>. </p><p>The 1933 election followed the previous year's two elections (<a href="/wiki/July_1932_German_federal_election" title="July 1932 German federal election">July</a> and <a href="/wiki/November_1932_German_federal_election" title="November 1932 German federal election">November</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Hitler</a>'s appointment as <a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_Germany" title="Chancellor of Germany">Chancellor</a>. In the months before the 1933 election, <a href="/wiki/Sturmabteilung" title="Sturmabteilung">SA</a> and <a href="/wiki/Schutzstaffel" title="Schutzstaffel">SS</a> displayed "terror, repression and propaganda ... across the land",<sup id="cite_ref-Evans_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Evans-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 339">: 339 </span></sup> and Nazi organizations "monitored" the vote process. In <a href="/wiki/Free_State_of_Prussia" title="Free State of Prussia">Prussia</a> 50,000 members of the SS, SA and <i><a href="/wiki/Der_Stahlhelm,_Bund_der_Frontsoldaten" title="Der Stahlhelm, Bund der Frontsoldaten">Der Stahlhelm</a></i> were ordered to monitor the votes by acting Interior Minister <a href="/wiki/Hermann_G%C3%B6ring" title="Hermann Göring">Hermann Göring</a>, as <a href="/wiki/Hilfspolizei" title="Hilfspolizei">auxiliary police</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Party" title="Nazi Party">Nazi Party</a> (NSDAP) saw a large increase in votes and seats compared to the November 1932 election and gained a Reichstag majority together with its coalition partner, the <a href="/wiki/German_National_People%27s_Party" title="German National People's Party">German National People's Party</a> (DNVP). This was the first time since 1930 that a <a href="/wiki/Governing_coalition" class="mw-redirect" title="Governing coalition">governing coalition</a> had held a <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_majority" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliamentary majority">parliamentary majority</a>. However, despite waging a campaign of terror against their opponents, the Nazis only tallied 43.9 percent of the vote on their own, well short of a majority to govern alone. </p><p>This would be the last contested election held in Germany until after <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>. Despite now holding a bare working majority in the Reichstag, Hitler wanted more. Two weeks after the election, he was able to pass an <a href="/wiki/Enabling_Act_of_1933" title="Enabling Act of 1933">Enabling Act</a> on 23 March with the support of the Nazi Party, the DNVP and the Centre parties, which effectively gave Hitler dictatorial powers. Within months, the Nazis banned all other parties and turned the Reichstag into a <a href="/wiki/Reichstag_(National_Socialist_Germany)" class="mw-redirect" title="Reichstag (National Socialist Germany)">rubberstamp legislature</a> comprising only Nazis and pro-Nazi "guests". </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=March_1933_German_federal_election&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Nazis came to power on 30 January, when President <a href="/wiki/Paul_von_Hindenburg" title="Paul von Hindenburg">Paul von Hindenburg</a> appointed Hitler as Chancellor, who immediately urged the dissolution of the Reichstag and the calling of new elections. On his second day as Chancellor, Hitler opened his campaign with a nationwide radio address pledging to save the nation from the communists, which he castigated as "political <a href="/wiki/Nihilism" title="Nihilism">nihilism</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In early February, the Nazis "unleashed a campaign of violence and terror that dwarfed anything seen so far".<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/Sturmabteilung" title="Sturmabteilung">Sturmabteilung</a></i> stormtroopers began attacking trade union and <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Germany" title="Communist Party of Germany">Communist Party</a> (KPD) offices and the homes of left-wingers.<sup id="cite_ref-Evans_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Evans-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 317">: 317 </span></sup> </p><p>In the second half of February, the violence was extended to the <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Germany" title="Social Democratic Party of Germany">Social Democrats</a>, with gangs of <a href="/wiki/Brownshirts" class="mw-redirect" title="Brownshirts">brownshirts</a> breaking up Social Democrat meetings and beating up their speakers and audiences. Issues of Social Democratic newspapers were banned.<sup id="cite_ref-Evans_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Evans-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 318–320">: 318–320 </span></sup> Twenty newspapers of the <a href="/wiki/Centre_Party_(Germany)" title="Centre Party (Germany)">Centre Party</a>, a party of <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Germans" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic Germans">Catholic Germans</a>, were banned in mid-February for criticising the new government. Government officials known to be Centre Party supporters were dismissed from their offices, and stormtroopers violently attacked party meetings in <a href="/wiki/Westphalia" title="Westphalia">Westphalia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Evans_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Evans-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 322">: 322 </span></sup> Only the <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Party" title="Nazi Party">Nazi Party</a> and the <a href="/wiki/German_National_People%27s_Party" title="German National People's Party">German National People's Party</a> were allowed to campaign untouched. </p><p>Six days before the scheduled election date, the German parliament building was set alight in the <a href="/wiki/Reichstag_fire" title="Reichstag fire">Reichstag fire</a>, allegedly by the Dutch Communist <a href="/wiki/Marinus_van_der_Lubbe" title="Marinus van der Lubbe">Marinus van der Lubbe</a>. That event reduced the popularity of the KPD and enabled Hitler to persuade Hindenburg to pass the <a href="/wiki/Reichstag_Fire_Decree" title="Reichstag Fire Decree">Reichstag Fire Decree</a> as an emergency decree according to <a href="/wiki/Article_48_(Weimar_Constitution)" title="Article 48 (Weimar Constitution)">Article 48</a> of the Weimar Constitution. The emergency law removed many civil liberties and allowed the arrest of <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Th%C3%A4lmann" title="Ernst Thälmann">Ernst Thälmann</a> and 4,000 other leaders and members of the KPD<sup id="cite_ref-Evans_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Evans-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 331">: 331 </span></sup> shortly before the election, suppressing the Communist vote and consolidating the position of the Nazis. </p><p>Although Hitler could have banned the KPD outright, he opted not to do so. He feared a violent <a href="/wiki/Communist_revolution" title="Communist revolution">Communist uprising</a> in the event of a ban, and he also believed the KPD's presence on the ballot could siphon off votes away from the Social Democrats. Instead, he opted to simply have Communist functionaries jailed by the thousands. The courts and prosecutors, both already hostile to the KPD long before 1933, obligingly agreed with the line that since the Reichstag fire was a Communist plot, KPD membership was an act of treason. As a result, for all intents and purposes, the KPD was "outlawed" on the day the Reichstag Fire Decree took effect and "completely banned" as of the day of the election.<sup id="cite_ref-Evans_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Evans-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 335–336">: 335–336 </span></sup> While the Social Democrats (SPD) were then not as heavily oppressed as the Communists, the Social Democrats were also restricted in their actions, as the party's leadership had already fled to <a href="/wiki/Prague" title="Prague">Prague</a>, and many members were acting only from the underground. Hence, the Reichstag fire is widely believed to have had a major effect on the outcome of the election. As a replacement parliament building and for 10 years to come, the new parliament used the <a href="/wiki/Kroll_Opera_House" title="Kroll Opera House">Kroll Opera House</a> for its meetings. </p><p>The resources of big business and the state were thrown behind the Nazis' campaign to achieve saturation coverage all over Germany. Brownshirts and SS patrolled and marched menacingly through the streets of cities and towns. A "combination of terror, repression and propaganda was mobilized in every... community, large and small, across the land".<sup id="cite_ref-Evans_1-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Evans-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 339">: 339 </span></sup> Irene von Goetz wrote, "In a decree issued on 17 February 1933, Göring ordered the Prussian police force to make unrestrained use of firearms in operations against political opponents (the so-called <i>Schießerlass,</i> or shooting decree)".<sup id="cite_ref-VU_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VU-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>To ensure a Nazi majority in the vote, Nazi organisations also "monitored" the vote process. In <a href="/wiki/Free_State_of_Prussia" title="Free State of Prussia">Prussia</a>, 50,000 members of the <a href="/wiki/Schutzstaffel" title="Schutzstaffel">SS</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sturmabteilung" title="Sturmabteilung">SA</a> and <i>Der Stahlhelm</i> were ordered to monitor the votes as so-called deputy sheriffs or auxiliary police (<i><a href="/wiki/Hilfspolizei" title="Hilfspolizei">Hilfspolizei</a></i>) in another decree by acting Interior Minister <a href="/wiki/Hermann_G%C3%B6ring" title="Hermann Göring">Hermann Göring</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-VU_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VU-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Results">Results</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=March_1933_German_federal_election&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Results"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-14381,_Berlin,_Polizeipatrouille_am_Wahltag.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-14381%2C_Berlin%2C_Polizeipatrouille_am_Wahltag.jpg/330px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-14381%2C_Berlin%2C_Polizeipatrouille_am_Wahltag.jpg" decoding="async" width="290" height="416" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-14381%2C_Berlin%2C_Polizeipatrouille_am_Wahltag.jpg/500px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-14381%2C_Berlin%2C_Polizeipatrouille_am_Wahltag.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/92/Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-14381%2C_Berlin%2C_Polizeipatrouille_am_Wahltag.jpg 2x" data-file-width="558" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>A police officer of <a href="/wiki/Sicherheitspolizei_(Weimar_Republic)" title="Sicherheitspolizei (Weimar Republic)">Sicherheitspolizei</a> (left) and an <a href="/wiki/Schutzstaffel" title="Schutzstaffel">SS</a> man and his <a href="/wiki/German_Shepherd" title="German Shepherd">German Shepherd</a> (right), one of 50,000 Nazis in Prussia appointed by the Party as a "<a href="/wiki/Hilfspolizei" title="Hilfspolizei">Hilfspolizei</a>" ("Auxiliary Police") officer</figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable sortable"><caption></caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="7" style="text-align:center;color:var( --color-base, #202122 );background:var( --background-color-neutral, #F8F9FA )"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Reichstag_composition,_March_1933.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Reichstag_composition%2C_March_1933.svg/360px-Reichstag_composition%2C_March_1933.svg.png" decoding="async" width="360" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Reichstag_composition%2C_March_1933.svg/540px-Reichstag_composition%2C_March_1933.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Reichstag_composition%2C_March_1933.svg/720px-Reichstag_composition%2C_March_1933.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></th></tr><tr><th scope="col" colspan="2">Party</th><th scope="col">Votes</th><th scope="col">%</th><th scope="col">+/–</th><th scope="col">Seats</th><th scope="col">+/–</th></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#964B00"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Party" title="Nazi Party">Nazi Party</a></td><td style="text-align:right">17,277,180</td><td style="text-align:right">43.91</td><td style="text-align:right">+10.82</td><td style="text-align:right">288</td><td style="text-align:right">+92</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#E3000F"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Germany" title="Social Democratic Party of Germany">Social Democratic Party</a></td><td style="text-align:right">7,181,629</td><td style="text-align:right">18.25</td><td style="text-align:right">–2.18</td><td style="text-align:right">120</td><td style="text-align:right">–1</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#C43988"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Germany" title="Communist Party of Germany">Communist Party of Germany</a></td><td style="text-align:right">4,848,058</td><td style="text-align:right">12.32</td><td style="text-align:right">–4.54</td><td style="text-align:right">81</td><td style="text-align:right">–19</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#000000"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Centre_Party_(Germany)" title="Centre Party (Germany)">Centre Party</a></td><td style="text-align:right">4,424,905</td><td style="text-align:right">11.25</td><td style="text-align:right">–0.68</td><td style="text-align:right">73</td><td style="text-align:right">+3</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#3F7BC1"></td><td>Black-White-Red Struggle Front<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td style="text-align:right">3,136,760</td><td style="text-align:right">7.97</td><td style="text-align:right">–0.37</td><td style="text-align:right">52</td><td style="text-align:right">+1</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#69A2BE"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Bavarian_People%27s_Party" title="Bavarian People's Party">Bavarian People's Party</a></td><td style="text-align:right">1,073,552</td><td style="text-align:right">2.73</td><td style="text-align:right">–0.36</td><td style="text-align:right">19</td><td style="text-align:right">–1</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#D3B454"></td><td><a href="/wiki/German_People%27s_Party" title="German People's Party">German People's Party</a></td><td style="text-align:right">432,312</td><td style="text-align:right">1.10</td><td style="text-align:right">–0.76</td><td style="text-align:right">2</td><td style="text-align:right">–9</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#1DB4E1"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Christian_Social_People%27s_Service" title="Christian Social People's Service">Christian Social People's Service</a></td><td style="text-align:right">383,999</td><td style="text-align:right">0.98</td><td style="text-align:right">–0.16</td><td style="text-align:right">4</td><td style="text-align:right">–1</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#DBC94B"></td><td><a href="/wiki/German_State_Party" title="German State Party">German State Party</a></td><td style="text-align:right">334,242</td><td style="text-align:right">0.85</td><td style="text-align:right">–0.10</td><td style="text-align:right">5</td><td style="text-align:right">+3</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#007A00"></td><td><a href="/wiki/German_Farmers%27_Party" title="German Farmers' Party">German Farmers' Party</a></td><td style="text-align:right">114,048</td><td style="text-align:right">0.29</td><td style="text-align:right">–0.13</td><td style="text-align:right">2</td><td style="text-align:right">–1</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#52AE6F"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Agricultural_League" title="Agricultural League">Agricultural League</a></td><td style="text-align:right">83,839</td><td style="text-align:right">0.21</td><td style="text-align:right">–0.09</td><td style="text-align:right">1</td><td style="text-align:right">–1</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#63C489"></td><td><a href="/wiki/German-Hanoverian_Party" title="German-Hanoverian Party">German-Hanoverian Party</a></td><td style="text-align:right">47,743</td><td style="text-align:right">0.12</td><td style="text-align:right">–0.06</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">–1</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Socialist Struggle Community</td><td style="text-align:right">3,954</td><td style="text-align:right">0.01</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">New</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Workers' and Farmers' Struggle Community</td><td style="text-align:right">1,110</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr class="sortbottom" style="font-weight:bold"><td colspan="2">Total</td><td style="text-align:right">39,343,331</td><td style="text-align:right">100.00</td><td style="text-align:right">–</td><td style="text-align:right">647</td><td style="text-align:right">+63</td></tr><tr class="sortbottom"><td colspan="7" style="color:var( --color-base, #202122 );background:var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 )"></td></tr><tr class="sortbottom" style="text-align:right"><th scope="row" colspan="2" style="text-align:left;font-weight:normal;color:inherit;background:inherit">Valid votes</th><td>39,343,331</td><td>99.21</td><td colspan="3"></td></tr><tr class="sortbottom" style="text-align:right"><th scope="row" colspan="2" style="text-align:left;font-weight:normal;color:inherit;background:inherit">Invalid/blank votes</th><td>311,698</td><td>0.79</td><td colspan="3"></td></tr><tr class="sortbottom" style="font-weight:bold;text-align:right"><th scope="row" colspan="2" style="text-align:left;background:inherit;color:inherit">Total votes</th><td>39,655,029</td><td>100.00</td><td colspan="3"></td></tr><tr class="sortbottom" style="text-align:right"><th scope="row" colspan="2" style="text-align:left;font-weight:normal;color:inherit;background:inherit">Registered voters/turnout</th><td>44,685,764</td><td>88.74</td><td colspan="3"></td></tr><tr class="sortbottom" style="text-align:right"><td colspan="7" style="text-align:left">Source: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gonschior.de/weimar/Deutschland/RT8.html">Gonschior.de</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Alliance of the <a href="/wiki/German_National_People%27s_Party" title="German National People's Party">German National People's Party</a> with <i><a href="/wiki/Der_Stahlhelm,_Bund_der_Frontsoldaten" title="Der Stahlhelm, Bund der Frontsoldaten">Der Stahlhelm</a></i> and the <a href="/wiki/Agricultural_League" title="Agricultural League">Agricultural League</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:NSDAP_Results,_March,_1933.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Nazi vote share, with majorities in East Prussia (1), Frankfurt (Oder) (5), Pomerania (6), Breslau (7), Liegnitz (8), Schleswig-Holstein (13), E Hanover (15), and Chemnitz-Zwickau (30)"><img alt="Nazi vote share, with majorities in East Prussia (1), Frankfurt (Oder) (5), Pomerania (6), Breslau (7), Liegnitz (8), Schleswig-Holstein (13), E Hanover (15), and Chemnitz-Zwickau (30)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/NSDAP_Results%2C_March%2C_1933.svg/120px-NSDAP_Results%2C_March%2C_1933.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="76" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/NSDAP_Results%2C_March%2C_1933.svg/180px-NSDAP_Results%2C_March%2C_1933.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/NSDAP_Results%2C_March%2C_1933.svg/240px-NSDAP_Results%2C_March%2C_1933.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1164" data-file-height="738" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Party" title="Nazi Party">Nazi</a> vote share, with majorities in <a href="/wiki/Province_of_East_Prussia" class="mw-redirect" title="Province of East Prussia">East Prussia</a> (1), <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_(Oder)" title="Frankfurt (Oder)">Frankfurt (Oder)</a> (5), <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Pomerania_(1815%E2%80%931945)" title="Province of Pomerania (1815–1945)">Pomerania</a> (6), <a href="/wiki/Wroc%C5%82aw" title="Wrocław">Breslau</a> (7), <a href="/wiki/Legnica" title="Legnica">Liegnitz</a> (8), <a href="/wiki/Schleswig-Holstein_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Schleswig-Holstein Province">Schleswig-Holstein</a> (13), <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Hanover" title="Province of Hanover">E Hanover</a> (15), and <a href="/wiki/Chemnitz" title="Chemnitz">Chemnitz</a>-<a href="/wiki/Zwickau" title="Zwickau">Zwickau</a> (30)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SPD_Wahl_1933.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Social Democrat (SPD) vote share"><img alt="Social Democrat (SPD) vote share" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/SPD_Wahl_1933.svg/120px-SPD_Wahl_1933.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/SPD_Wahl_1933.svg/250px-SPD_Wahl_1933.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="745" data-file-height="571" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Germany" title="Social Democratic Party of Germany">Social Democrat (SPD)</a> vote share</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:KPD_Wahl_1933.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Communist Party (KPD) vote share"><img alt="Communist Party (KPD) vote share" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/KPD_Wahl_1933.svg/120px-KPD_Wahl_1933.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/KPD_Wahl_1933.svg/180px-KPD_Wahl_1933.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/KPD_Wahl_1933.svg/240px-KPD_Wahl_1933.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="745" data-file-height="571" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Germany" title="Communist Party of Germany">Communist Party (KPD)</a> vote share</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Centre_Party_Results,_March,_1933.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Centre Party vote share, with pluralities in Cologne-Aachen (20) and Koblenz-Trier (21). In all 33 other districts, the Nazis were the largest party."><img alt="Centre Party vote share, with pluralities in Cologne-Aachen (20) and Koblenz-Trier (21). In all 33 other districts, the Nazis were the largest party." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Centre_Party_Results%2C_March%2C_1933.svg/120px-Centre_Party_Results%2C_March%2C_1933.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Centre_Party_Results%2C_March%2C_1933.svg/180px-Centre_Party_Results%2C_March%2C_1933.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Centre_Party_Results%2C_March%2C_1933.svg/240px-Centre_Party_Results%2C_March%2C_1933.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="951" data-file-height="627" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Centre_Party_(Germany)" title="Centre Party (Germany)">Centre Party</a> vote share, with pluralities in <a href="/wiki/Cologne" title="Cologne">Cologne</a>-<a href="/wiki/Aachen" title="Aachen">Aachen</a> (20) and <a href="/wiki/Koblenz" title="Koblenz">Koblenz</a>-<a href="/wiki/Trier" title="Trier">Trier</a> (21). In all 33 other districts, the <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Party" title="Nazi Party">Nazis</a> were the largest party.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=March_1933_German_federal_election&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Aftermath"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/March_1933_German_federal_election" title="Special:EditPage/March 1933 German federal election">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2014</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Despite achieving a much better result than in the <a href="/wiki/November_1932_German_federal_election" title="November 1932 German federal election">November 1932 election</a>, the Nazis did not do as well as Hitler had hoped. In spite of massive violence and voter intimidation,<sup id="cite_ref-Evans_1-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Evans-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-VU_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VU-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Nazis won only 43.9% of the vote, rather than the majority that he had expected. </p><p>Therefore, Hitler was forced to maintain his coalition with the DNVP to control the majority of seats. The Communists (KPD) lost about a quarter of their votes, and the Social Democrats suffered only moderate losses. Although the KPD had not been formally banned, it was a foregone conclusion that the KPD deputies would never be allowed to take their seats. Within a few days, all KPD representatives had been placed under arrest or gone into hiding. </p><p>Although the Nazi-DNVP coalition had enough seats to conduct the basic business of government, Hitler needed a two-thirds majority to pass the <a href="/wiki/Enabling_Act_of_1933" title="Enabling Act of 1933">Enabling Act</a>, which allowed the Cabinet, and effectively the Chancellor, to enact laws without the approval of the Reichstag for four years. With certain exceptions, such laws could deviate from the Weimar Constitution. Leaving nothing to chance, the Nazis used the provisions of the Reichstag Fire Decree to arrest all 81 Communist deputies and to keep several Social Democrats out of the chamber. </p><p>Hitler then obtained the necessary <a href="/wiki/Supermajority" title="Supermajority">supermajority</a> by persuading the Centre Party to vote with him with regard to the <a href="/wiki/Enabling_Act_of_1933" title="Enabling Act of 1933">Enabling Act</a>. The bill was passed on 23 March with 444 votes for and 94 against. Only the Social Democrats, led by <a href="/wiki/Otto_Wels" title="Otto Wels">Otto Wels</a>, opposed the measure, which came into effect on 27 March. The bill's provisions turned the government into a <i>de facto</i> legal dictatorship. </p><p>Within four months, the other parties had been shuttered by outright banning or Nazi terror, and Germany had become formally a one-party state. A <a href="/wiki/November_1933_German_parliamentary_election" title="November 1933 German parliamentary election">snap election</a> was called for November by Hindenburg, in which voters were presented with a single list of Nazis and guest candidates, and voting was not secret: the new Reichstag thus included only NSDAP and supporting members, effectively liquidating what was left of Weimar democracy. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=March_1933_German_federal_election&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Evans-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Evans_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Evans_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Evans_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Evans_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Evans_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Evans_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Evans_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Evans_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Evans_1-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Evans_1-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Evans_1-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFEvans2004" class="citation book cs1">Evans, Richard J. (2004). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781594200045"><i>The Coming of the Third Reich</i></a></span>. New York: Penguin Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-59420-004-1" title="Special:BookSources/1-59420-004-1"><bdi>1-59420-004-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Coming+of+the+Third+Reich&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Penguin+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=1-59420-004-1&rft.aulast=Evans&rft.aufirst=Richard+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisbn_9781594200045&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarch+1933+German+federal+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKuntz2007" class="citation cs2">Kuntz, Dieter (1 September 2007), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9780203837443">"Hitler and the Functioning of the Third Reich"</a>, <i>The Routledge History of the Holocaust</i>, Routledge, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4324%2F9780203837443.ch6">10.4324/9780203837443.ch6</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-203-83744-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-203-83744-3"><bdi>978-0-203-83744-3</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 November</span> 2021</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Routledge+History+of+the+Holocaust&rft.atitle=Hitler+and+the+Functioning+of+the+Third+Reich&rft.date=2007-09-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4324%2F9780203837443.ch6&rft.isbn=978-0-203-83744-3&rft.aulast=Kuntz&rft.aufirst=Dieter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.taylorfrancis.com%2Fbooks%2F9780203837443&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarch+1933+German+federal+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFEvans2005" class="citation book cs1">Evans, Richard J. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CmjBW3lsA84C&q=unleashed+a+campaign+of+violence+and+terror+that+dwarfed+anything+seen+so+far&pg=PT381"><i>The Coming of the Third Reich</i></a>. Penguin. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781101042670" title="Special:BookSources/9781101042670"><bdi>9781101042670</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 November</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Coming+of+the+Third+Reich&rft.pub=Penguin&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=9781101042670&rft.aulast=Evans&rft.aufirst=Richard+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCmjBW3lsA84C%26q%3Dunleashed%2Ba%2Bcampaign%2Bof%2Bviolence%2Band%2Bterror%2Bthat%2Bdwarfed%2Banything%2Bseen%2Bso%2Bfar%26pg%3DPT381&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarch+1933+German+federal+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-VU-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-VU_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-VU_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-VU_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFvon_Götz" class="citation web cs1">von Götz, Irene. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160818085550/http://www.berlin.de/2013/en/open-air-exhibitions/urban-memorials/08-platz-der-republik-centres-of-the-seizure-of-power/violence-unleashed/">"Violence Unleashed"</a>. <i>Berlin.de</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.berlin.de/2013/en/open-air-exhibitions/urban-memorials/08-platz-der-republik-centres-of-the-seizure-of-power/violence-unleashed/">the original</a> on 18 August 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 January</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Berlin.de&rft.atitle=Violence+Unleashed&rft.aulast=von+G%C3%B6tz&rft.aufirst=Irene&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.berlin.de%2F2013%2Fen%2Fopen-air-exhibitions%2Furban-memorials%2F08-platz-der-republik-centres-of-the-seizure-of-power%2Fviolence-unleashed%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarch+1933+German+federal+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=March_1933_German_federal_election&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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href="/wiki/Next_German_federal_election" title="Next German federal election"><i>Next</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/President_of_Germany_(1919%E2%80%931945)" title="President of Germany (1919–1945)">Presidential elections</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1925_German_presidential_election" title="1925 German presidential election">1925</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1932_German_presidential_election" title="1932 German presidential election">1932</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_the_European_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Elections in the European Union">European elections</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1979_European_Parliament_election_in_West_Germany" title="1979 European Parliament election in West Germany">1979</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_European_Parliament_election_in_West_Germany" title="1984 European Parliament election in West Germany">1984</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989_European_Parliament_election_in_West_Germany" title="1989 European Parliament election in West Germany">1989</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_European_Parliament_election_in_Germany" title="1994 European Parliament election in Germany">1994</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_European_Parliament_election_in_Germany" title="1999 European Parliament election in Germany">1999</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_European_Parliament_election_in_Germany" title="2004 European Parliament election in Germany">2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_European_Parliament_election_in_Germany" title="2009 European Parliament election in Germany">2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_European_Parliament_election_in_Germany" title="2014 European Parliament election in Germany">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_European_Parliament_election_in_Germany" title="2019 European Parliament election in Germany">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_European_Parliament_election_in_Germany" title="2024 European Parliament election in Germany">2024</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Referendums_in_Germany" title="Referendums in Germany">Referendums</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1926_German_property_expropriation_referendum" title="1926 German property expropriation referendum">1926</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1929_German_Young_Plan_referendum" title="1929 German Young Plan referendum">1929</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1933_German_League_of_Nations_withdrawal_referendum" title="1933 German League of Nations withdrawal referendum">1933</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1934_German_head_of_state_referendum" title="1934 German head of state referendum">1934</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1936_German_parliamentary_election_and_referendum" title="1936 German parliamentary election and referendum">1936</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1938_German_parliamentary_election_and_referendum" title="1938 German parliamentary election and referendum">1938</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dd><b>See also</b>: Elections and referendums in <a href="/wiki/Template:Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg_state_elections" title="Template:Baden-Württemberg state elections">Baden-Württemberg</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Bavaria_state_elections" title="Template:Bavaria state elections">Bavaria</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Berlin_state_elections" title="Template:Berlin state elections">Berlin</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Brandenburg_state_elections" title="Template:Brandenburg state elections">Brandenburg</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Bremen_state_elections" title="Template:Bremen state elections">Bremen</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Hamburg_state_elections" title="Template:Hamburg state elections">Hamburg</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Hesse_state_elections" title="Template:Hesse state elections">Hesse</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Lower_Saxony_state_election" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Lower Saxony state election">Lower Saxony</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Mecklenburg-Vorpommern_state_election" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Mecklenburg-Vorpommern state election">Mecklenburg-Vorpommern</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:North_Rhine-Westphalia_state_election" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:North Rhine-Westphalia state election">North Rhine-Westphalia</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Rhineland-Palatinate_state_elections" title="Template:Rhineland-Palatinate state elections">Rhineland-Palatinate</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Saarland_state_elections" title="Template:Saarland state elections">Saarland</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Saxony_state_elections" title="Template:Saxony state elections">Saxony</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Saxony-Anhalt_state_elections" title="Template:Saxony-Anhalt state elections">Saxony-Anhalt</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Schleswig-Holstein_state_elections" title="Template:Schleswig-Holstein state elections">Schleswig-Holstein</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Thuringia_state_elections" title="Template:Thuringia state elections">Thuringia</a></dd> <dd><b>Former:</b> <a href="/wiki/Template:East_German_elections" title="Template:East German elections">East Germany</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Prussian_state_elections" title="Template:Prussian state elections">Free State of Prussia</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/East_Prussian_Provinzialtag_elections_in_the_Weimar_Republic" title="East Prussian Provinzialtag elections in the Weimar Republic">East Prussia</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=March_1933_German_federal_election&oldid=1281231601">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=March_1933_German_federal_election&oldid=1281231601</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1933_elections_in_Germany" title="Category:1933 elections in Germany">1933 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