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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Classification</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Classification-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Examples" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Examples"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Examples</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Examples-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Examples subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Examples-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Part_referring_to_whole_(pars_pro_toto)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Part_referring_to_whole_(pars_pro_toto)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Part referring to whole <i>(pars pro toto)</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Part_referring_to_whole_(pars_pro_toto)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-General_class_name_that_denotes_a_specific_member_of_that_or_an_associated_class" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#General_class_name_that_denotes_a_specific_member_of_that_or_an_associated_class"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>General class name that denotes a specific member of that or an associated class</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-General_class_name_that_denotes_a_specific_member_of_that_or_an_associated_class-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Specific_class_name_referring_to_general_set_of_associated_things" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Specific_class_name_referring_to_general_set_of_associated_things"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Specific class name referring to general set of associated things</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Specific_class_name_referring_to_general_set_of_associated_things-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referring_to_material_actually_or_supposedly_used_to_make_something" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referring_to_material_actually_or_supposedly_used_to_make_something"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Referring to material actually or supposedly used to make something</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referring_to_material_actually_or_supposedly_used_to_make_something-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Container_refers_to_its_contents" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Container_refers_to_its_contents"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Container refers to its contents</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Container_refers_to_its_contents-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Synecdoche</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 57 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-57" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">57 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinekdogee" title="Sinekdogee – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Sinekdogee" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B2_%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%84" title="مجاز مرسل – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مجاز مرسل" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinekdoxa" title="Sinekdoxa – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Sinekdoxa" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B0" title="Сінекдаха – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Сінекдаха" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%8D%D0%BA%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B0" title="Сынэкдаха – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Сынэкдаха" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B0" title="Синекдоха – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Синекдоха" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ledantalad" title="Ledantalad – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Ledantalad" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sin%C3%A8cdoque" title="Sinècdoque – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Sinècdoque" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synekdocha" title="Synekdocha – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Synekdocha" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synekdoche" title="Synekdoche – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Synekdoche" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CF%85%CE%BD%CE%B5%CE%BA%CE%B4%CE%BF%CF%87%CE%AE" title="Συνεκδοχή – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Συνεκδοχή" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sin%C3%A9cdoque" title="Sinécdoque – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Sinécdoque" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinekdo%C4%A5o" title="Sinekdoĥo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Sinekdoĥo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinekdoke" title="Sinekdoke – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Sinekdoke" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%AE%D8%B4%E2%80%8C%DA%AF%D9%88%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="بخش‌گویی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بخش‌گویی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synecdoque" title="Synecdoque – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Synecdoque" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BC%95%E5%96%BB" title="引喻 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="引喻" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A0%9C%EC%9C%A0" title="제유 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="제유" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A5%D5%AF%D5%A4%D5%B8%D5%AD" title="Սինեկդոխ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Սինեկդոխ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80" title="सिनेकडकी – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="सिनेकडकी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinegdoha" title="Sinegdoha – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Sinegdoha" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinekdoko" title="Sinekdoko – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Sinekdoko" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Me%C3%B0skilningur" title="Meðskilningur – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Meðskilningur" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sineddoche" title="Sineddoche – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Sineddoche" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%A7%D7%93%D7%95%D7%9B%D7%94" title="סינקדוכה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סינקדוכה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%99%E1%83%93%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A5%E1%83%94" title="სინეკდოქე – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სინეკდოქე" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B0" title="Синекдоха – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Синекдоха" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B0" title="Синекдоха – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Синекдоха" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinekdocha" title="Sinekdocha – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Sinekdocha" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sineddoche" title="Sineddoche – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Sineddoche" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szinekdoch%C3%A9" title="Szinekdoché – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Szinekdoché" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B0" title="Синегдоха – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Синегдоха" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synecdoche" title="Synecdoche – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Synecdoche" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8F%90%E5%96%A9" title="提喩 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="提喩" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synekdoke" title="Synekdoke – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Synekdoke" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinecd%C3%B2ca" title="Sinecdòca – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Sinecdòca" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%A1%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%80" title="ਸਿਨੇਕਡਕੀ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਸਿਨੇਕਡਕੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B2_%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%84" title="مجاز مرسل – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="مجاز مرسل" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synekdocha" title="Synekdocha – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Synekdocha" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sin%C3%A9doque" title="Sinédoque – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Sinédoque" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinecdoc%C4%83" title="Sinecdocă – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Sinecdocă" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B0" title="Синекдоха – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Синекдоха" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B0" title="Синекдоха – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Синекдоха" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinekdoka" title="Sinekdoka – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Sinekdoka" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sin%C3%A8ddoche" title="Sinèddoche – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Sinèddoche" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synecdoche" title="Synecdoche – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Synecdoche" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B2_%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%84" title="مجاز مرسل – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="مجاز مرسل" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synekdocha" title="Synekdocha – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Synekdocha" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zamenjani_pomen" title="Zamenjani pomen – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Zamenjani pomen" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B0" title="Синегдоха – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Синегдоха" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinegdoha" title="Sinegdoha – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Sinegdoha" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synekdokee" title="Synekdokee – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Synekdokee" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synekdoke" title="Synekdoke – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Synekdoke" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A2" title="สัมพจนัย – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สัมพจนัย" data-language-autonym="ไทย" 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Sound-icon.svg/20px-Sound-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Sound-icon.svg/30px-Sound-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Sound-icon.svg/40px-Sound-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="96" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Figure of speech</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the linguistic term. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Synecdoche_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Synecdoche (disambiguation)">Synecdoche (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundeswehr-Kampfstiefel_Modell_2007_DMS_-_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Bundeswehr-Kampfstiefel_Modell_2007_DMS_-_2.jpg/220px-Bundeswehr-Kampfstiefel_Modell_2007_DMS_-_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Bundeswehr-Kampfstiefel_Modell_2007_DMS_-_2.jpg/330px-Bundeswehr-Kampfstiefel_Modell_2007_DMS_-_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Bundeswehr-Kampfstiefel_Modell_2007_DMS_-_2.jpg/440px-Bundeswehr-Kampfstiefel_Modell_2007_DMS_-_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>A common example of synecdoche: using the term <i>boots</i> to mean "<a href="/wiki/Soldier" title="Soldier">soldiers</a>", as in the phrase "boots on the ground".</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Synecdoche</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="/ɛ/: 'e' in 'dress'">ɛ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling">sih-<span style="font-size:90%">NEK</span>-də-kee</i></a>)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a type of <a href="/wiki/Metonymy" title="Metonymy">metonymy</a>; it is a <a href="/wiki/Figure_of_speech" title="Figure of speech">figure of speech</a> that uses a term for a part of something to refer to the whole (<i><a href="/wiki/Pars_pro_toto" title="Pars pro toto">pars pro toto</a></i>), or vice versa (<i><a href="/wiki/Totum_pro_parte" title="Totum pro parte">totum pro parte</a></i>).<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The term is derived from <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greek language">Ancient Greek</a> <i> <span lang="grc"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CF%83%CF%85%CE%BD%CE%B5%CE%BA%CE%B4%CE%BF%CF%87%CE%AE#Ancient_Greek" class="extiw" title="wikt:συνεκδοχή">συνεκδοχή</a></span> (<span title="Ancient Greek transliteration" lang="grc-Latn"><i>sunekdokhḗ</i></span>)</i> 'simultaneous understanding'.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Common English synecdoches include <i>suits</i> for <i>businessmen</i>, <i>wheels</i> for <i>automobile</i>, and <i>boots</i> for <i>soldiers</i>. Another example is the use of government buildings to refer to their resident <a href="/wiki/Government_agency" title="Government agency">agencies</a> or bodies, such as <i><a href="/wiki/The_Pentagon" title="The Pentagon">The Pentagon</a></i> for the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Defense" title="United States Department of Defense">United States Department of Defense</a><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/10_Downing_Street" title="10 Downing Street"><i>Downing Street</i> or <i>Number 10</i></a> for the office of the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Prime Minister of the United Kingdom">Prime Minister of the United Kingdom</a>, and the use of the name of a country's capital city to refer to the government of the country.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Definition">Definition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Synecdoche&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Definition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Confusing plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-confusing" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>may be <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Vagueness" title="Wikipedia:Vagueness">confusing or unclear</a> to readers</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify">clarify the section</a>. There might be a discussion about this on <a href="/wiki/Talk:Synecdoche" title="Talk:Synecdoche">the talk page</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2020</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Synecdoche is a <a href="/wiki/Rhetorical" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhetorical">rhetorical</a> <a href="/wiki/Trope_(literature)" title="Trope (literature)">trope</a> and a kind of <a href="/wiki/Metonymy" title="Metonymy">metonymy</a>—a figure of speech using a term to denote one thing to refer to a related thing.<sup id="cite_ref-seu_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-seu-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Synecdoche (and thus metonymy) is distinct from <a href="/wiki/Metaphor" title="Metaphor">metaphor</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-uwg_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uwg-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although in the past, it was considered a sub-species of metaphor, intending metaphor as a type of conceptual substitution (as <a href="/wiki/Quintilian" title="Quintilian">Quintilian</a> does in <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Institutio oratoria</i></span> Book VIII). In Lanham's <i>Handlist of Rhetorical Terms</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the three terms possess somewhat restrictive definitions in tune with their etymologies from Greek: </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Metaphor" title="Metaphor">Metaphor</a></i>: changing a word from its literal meaning to one not properly applicable but analogous to it; assertion of identity—rather than likeness as with <a href="/wiki/Simile" title="Simile">simile</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="appears to be original research (October 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Metonymy" title="Metonymy">Metonymy</a></i>: substituting an attribute of or object associated with something for the thing itself (e.g., substituting "the crown" for "the monarch").</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Classification">Classification</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Synecdoche&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Classification"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Synecdoche is often used as a type of <a href="/wiki/Personification" title="Personification">personification</a> by attaching a human aspect to a nonhuman thing. It is used in reference to political relations, including "having a footing", to mean a country or organization is in a position to act, or "the wrong hands", to describe opposing groups, usually in the context of military power.<sup id="cite_ref-Political_Metaphors_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Political_Metaphors-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The two main types of synecdoche are <i>microcosm</i> and <i>macrocosm</i>. A microcosm uses a part of something to refer to the entirety.<sup id="cite_ref-jstor.org_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jstor.org-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An example of this is saying "I need a hand" with a project, but needing the entire person.<sup id="cite_ref-Enelow_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Enelow-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A macrocosm is the opposite, using the name of the entire structure of something to refer to a small part.<sup id="cite_ref-jstor.org_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jstor.org-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An example of this is saying "the world" while referring to a <i>certain country</i> or part of the planet.<sup id="cite_ref-Enelow_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Enelow-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The figure of speech is divided into the image (what the speaker uses to refer to something) and the subject (what is referred to). </p><p>In politics, the residence or location of an executive can be used to represent the office itself. For example, "the <a href="/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a>" can mean the <a href="/wiki/Executive_Office_of_the_President_of_the_United_States" title="Executive Office of the President of the United States">Executive Office of the President of the United States</a>; "<a href="/wiki/Buckingham_Palace" title="Buckingham Palace">Buckingham Palace</a>" can mean the <a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Monarchy of the United Kingdom">monarchy of the United Kingdom</a>; "the <a href="/wiki/Sublime_Porte" title="Sublime Porte">Sublime Porte</a>" can mean the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a>; and "the <a href="/wiki/Moscow_Kremlin" class="mw-redirect" title="Moscow Kremlin">Kremlin</a>" can mean the government of <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The <a href="/wiki/%C3%89lys%C3%A9e_Palace" title="Élysée Palace">Élysée Palace</a> might indicate the <a href="/wiki/President_of_France" title="President of France">President of the French Republic</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Sonnet" title="Sonnet">Sonnets</a> and other forms of love poetry frequently use synecdoches to characterize the beloved in terms of individual body parts rather than a coherent whole. This practice is especially common in the <a href="/wiki/Petrarchan_sonnet" title="Petrarchan sonnet">Petrarchan sonnet</a>, where the idealised beloved is often described part by part, head-to-toe.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Synecdoche is also popular in advertising. Since synecdoche uses a part to represent a whole, its use requires the audience to make associations and "fill in the gaps", engaging with the ad by thinking about the product.<sup id="cite_ref-Chandler_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chandler-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Moreover, catching the attention of an audience with advertising is often referred to by advertisers with the synecdoche "getting eyeballs".<sup id="cite_ref-Bureman_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bureman-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Synecdoche is common in spoken English, especially in reference to sports. The names of cities are used as shorthand for their sports teams to describe events and their outcomes, such as "Denver won Monday's game," while accuracy would require specifying the sports team's name.<sup id="cite_ref-Bureman_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bureman-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Burke" title="Kenneth Burke">Kenneth Burke</a> (1945), an American <a href="/wiki/Literary_theory" title="Literary theory">literary theorist</a>, declared that in <a href="/wiki/Rhetoric" title="Rhetoric">rhetoric</a>, the four master <a href="/wiki/Trope_(literature)" title="Trope (literature)">tropes</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Figures_of_speech" class="mw-redirect" title="Figures of speech">figures of speech</a>, are <a href="/wiki/Metaphor" title="Metaphor">metaphor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Metonymy" title="Metonymy">metonymy</a>, synecdoche, and <a href="/wiki/Irony" title="Irony">irony</a>. Burke's primary concern with these four master tropes is more than simply their figurative usage, but includes their role in the discovery and description of the truth.<sup id="cite_ref-Burke_1945_503_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Burke_1945_503-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He described synecdoche as "part of the whole, whole for the part, container for the contained, sign for the thing signified, material for the thing made… cause for the effect, effect for the cause, genus for the species, species for the genus".<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, Burke suggests synecdoche patterns can include reversible pairs such as disease-cure.<sup id="cite_ref-Burke_1945_508_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Burke_1945_508-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Burke proclaimed the noblest synecdoche is found in the description of "<a href="/wiki/Microcosm_and_macrocosm" class="mw-redirect" title="Microcosm and macrocosm">microcosm and macrocosm</a>" since microcosm is related to macrocosm as part to the whole, and either the whole can represent the part or the part can represent the whole".<sup id="cite_ref-Burke_1945_508_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Burke_1945_508-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Burke compares synecdoche with the concept of "representation", especially in the political sense in which <a href="/wiki/Representative_democracy" title="Representative democracy">elected representatives</a> stand in <i>pars pro toto</i> for their electorate.<sup id="cite_ref-Burke_1945_503_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Burke_1945_503-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Examples">Examples</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Synecdoche&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Examples"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Synecdoche" title="Special:EditPage/Synecdoche">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Part_referring_to_whole_(pars_pro_toto)"><span id="Part_referring_to_whole_.28pars_pro_toto.29"></span>Part referring to whole <i>(pars pro toto)</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Synecdoche&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Part referring to whole (pars pro toto)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Referring to a person according to a single characteristic: "gray beard" meaning an old man</li> <li>Referring to a sword as a "blade"</li> <li>Describing a complete vehicle as "wheels", an entire airplane as a <a href="/wiki/Private_jet" class="mw-redirect" title="Private jet">private jet</a>, or a manual transmission vehicle as a "stick"</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="General_class_name_that_denotes_a_specific_member_of_that_or_an_associated_class">General class name that denotes a specific member of that or an associated class</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Synecdoche&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: General class name that denotes a specific member of that or an associated class"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Referring to a <a href="/wiki/Species" title="Species">species</a> of an organism or virus by the name of one of its <a href="/wiki/Taxonomic_rank" title="Taxonomic rank">hierarchical groups</a>, e.g., "<a href="/wiki/Coronavirus" title="Coronavirus">Coronavirus</a> [specifically meaning the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19" title="COVID-19">COVID-19</a> virus] is rampant throughout the city."</li> <li>Using <a href="/wiki/Technology" title="Technology">technology</a> specifically to refer to <a href="/wiki/High_technology" class="mw-redirect" title="High technology">high technology</a> or <a href="/wiki/Electronic_device" class="mw-redirect" title="Electronic device">electronic devices</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Specific_class_name_referring_to_general_set_of_associated_things">Specific class name referring to general set of associated things</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Synecdoche&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Specific class name referring to general set of associated things"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/John_Hancock" title="John Hancock">John Hancock</a>" (used in the United States), for the signature of any person</li> <li>A <a href="/wiki/Genericized_trademark" class="mw-redirect" title="Genericized trademark">genericized trademark</a>, for example, "<a href="/wiki/Xerox" title="Xerox">Xerox</a>" for any variety of duplicate made on a <a href="/wiki/Photocopier" title="Photocopier">photocopier</a>, "<a href="/wiki/Coca-Cola" title="Coca-Cola">Coke</a>" for any variety of <a href="/wiki/Cola" title="Cola">cola</a> (or for any variety of soft drink, as in the southern United States), "<a href="/wiki/Kleenex" title="Kleenex">Kleenex</a>" for facial tissues, "<a href="/wiki/Vaseline" title="Vaseline">Vaseline</a>" for petroleum jelly, "<a href="/wiki/Band-Aid" title="Band-Aid">Band-Aid</a>" (in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>) for any variety of <a href="/wiki/Adhesive_bandage" title="Adhesive bandage">adhesive bandage</a>, "<a href="/wiki/Tide_(brand)" title="Tide (brand)">Tide</a>" (<a href="/wiki/United_States_of_America" class="mw-redirect" title="United States of America">US</a>) for any variety of laundry detergent, "<a href="/wiki/The_Hoover_Company" title="The Hoover Company">Hoover</a>" (<a href="/wiki/UK" class="mw-redirect" title="UK">UK</a>) for any variety of <a href="/wiki/Vacuum_cleaner" title="Vacuum cleaner">vacuum cleaner</a>, or "<a href="/wiki/Styrofoam" title="Styrofoam">Styrofoam</a>" (<a href="/wiki/United_States_of_America" class="mw-redirect" title="United States of America">US</a>) for any product made of expanded <a href="/wiki/Polystyrene" title="Polystyrene">polystyrene</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Referring_to_material_actually_or_supposedly_used_to_make_something">Referring to material actually or supposedly used to make something</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Synecdoche&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Referring to material actually or supposedly used to make something"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>"brass" for <a href="/wiki/Brass_instruments" class="mw-redirect" title="Brass instruments">brass instruments</a>, or the <a href="/wiki/Shell_casing" class="mw-redirect" title="Shell casing">shell casings</a> of bullet <a href="/wiki/Cartridge_(ammunition)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cartridge (ammunition)">cartridges</a>, or the <a href="/wiki/Military_awards_and_decorations" title="Military awards and decorations">medals</a> and stars of high-ranking <a href="/wiki/Military_officer" class="mw-redirect" title="Military officer">military officers</a></li> <li>"lead" for <a href="/wiki/Bullet" title="Bullet">bullets</a>, lead being the most common material for making bullets, or for the <a href="/wiki/Graphite" title="Graphite">graphite</a> core of a pencil</li> <li>"vinyl" for <a href="/wiki/Phonograph_record" title="Phonograph record">phonograph records</a></li> <li>"cement" for <a href="/wiki/Concrete" title="Concrete">concrete</a>, cement being just the binder in concrete</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Container_refers_to_its_contents">Container refers to its contents</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Synecdoche&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Container refers to its contents"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>"barrel" for a barrel of oil, or the equivalent volume of a standard barrel</li> <li>"keg" for a keg of beer</li> <li>"She drank the cup", to refer to her drinking of the cup's contents</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Synecdoche&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 22em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antonomasia" title="Antonomasia">Antonomasia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahuvrihi" title="Bahuvrihi">Bahuvrihi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category_mistake" title="Category mistake">Category mistake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conceptual_metaphor" title="Conceptual metaphor">Conceptual metaphor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hendiadys" title="Hendiadys">Hendiadys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holonymy" class="mw-redirect" title="Holonymy">Holonymy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyponymy" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyponymy">Hyponymy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merism" title="Merism">Merism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meronymy" class="mw-redirect" title="Meronymy">Meronymy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faulty_generalization" title="Faulty generalization">Faulty generalization</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_fallacies#Faulty_generalizations" title="List of fallacies">List of fallacies § Faulty generalizations</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fallacy_of_division" title="Fallacy of division">Fallacy of division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symbol" title="Symbol">Symbol</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Synecdoche&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">From <span lang="grc"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E1%BC%90%CE%BA%CE%B4%CE%AD%CF%87%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%B1%CE%B9#Ancient_Greek" class="extiw" title="wikt:ἐκδέχομαι">ἐκδέχομαι</a></span> (<span title="Ancient Greek transliteration" lang="grc-Latn"><i>ekdékhomai</i></span>) 'to take or receive from another' – simplex <span lang="grc"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CE%B4%CE%AD%CF%87%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%B1%CE%B9#Ancient_Greek" class="extiw" title="wikt:δέχομαι">δέχομαι</a></span> (<span title="Ancient Greek transliteration" lang="grc-Latn"><i>dékhomai</i></span>) 'to receive'.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In simpler words, the term comes from Greek <i><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><i lang="grc-Latn">Syn</i></span></i>, meaning "with" or "along with" (as in synonym) and <i><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><i lang="grc-Latn">ekdoche</i></span></i>, meaning sense or interpretation; thus literally, "interpret along with"</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Synecdoche&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFWells2008" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_C._Wells" title="John C. Wells">Wells, John C.</a> (2008). "synecdoche". <i>Longman Pronunciation Dictionary</i> (3rd ed.). <a href="/wiki/Longman" title="Longman">Longman</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781405881180" title="Special:BookSources/9781405881180"><bdi>9781405881180</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=synecdoche&rft.btitle=Longman+Pronunciation+Dictionary&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Longman&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9781405881180&rft.aulast=Wells&rft.aufirst=John+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASynecdoche" class="Z3988"></span>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sas.upenn.edu/~haroldfs/dravling/synec.html">"synecdoche"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Oxford_English_Dictionary" title="Oxford English Dictionary">Oxford English Dictionary</a></i>. 1998 – via <a href="/wiki/University_of_Pennsylvania" title="University of Pennsylvania">University of Pennsylvania</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=synecdoche&rft.btitle=Oxford+English+Dictionary&rft.date=1998&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sas.upenn.edu%2F~haroldfs%2Fdravling%2Fsynec.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASynecdoche" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClifton1983" class="citation book cs1">Clifton, N. R. (1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Ic9GefOCyFcC&pg=PA173"><i>The Figure on Film</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Delaware_Press" title="University of Delaware Press">University of Delaware Press</a>. p. 173. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87413-189-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87413-189-5"><bdi>978-0-87413-189-5</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 May</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Figure+on+Film&rft.pages=173&rft.pub=University+of+Delaware+Press&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=978-0-87413-189-5&rft.aulast=Clifton&rft.aufirst=N.+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DIc9GefOCyFcC%26pg%3DPA173&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASynecdoche" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKlawitter" class="citation web cs1">Klawitter, George. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081013014114/http://myweb.stedwards.edu/georgek/poetics/synecdoche.html">"Synecdoche"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/St._Edward%27s_University" title="St. Edward's University">St. Edward's University</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://myweb.stedwards.edu/georgek/poetics/synecdoche.html">the original</a> on 13 October 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=St.+Edward%27s+University&rft.atitle=Synecdoche&rft.aulast=Klawitter&rft.aufirst=George&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmyweb.stedwards.edu%2Fgeorgek%2Fpoetics%2Fsynecdoche.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASynecdoche" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/synecdoche">"synecdoche"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Merriam-Webster" title="Merriam-Webster">Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary</a></i>. Merriam-Webster<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 January</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Merriam-Webster.com+Dictionary&rft.atitle=synecdoche&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2Fsynecdoche&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASynecdoche" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">συνεκ-δοχή</span></span>, <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ἡ</span></span>, <b>A.</b> <i>understanding one thing with another</i>: hence in Rhet., <i>synecdoche</i>, an indirect mode of expression, <i>when the whole is put for a part <a href="/wiki/Institutio_Oratoria" title="Institutio Oratoria">Quint.Inst.</a> 8.6.19, <a href="/wiki/Aristides_Quintilianus" title="Aristides Quintilianus">Aristid.Quint.</a> 2.9, <a href="/wiki/Pseudo-Plutarch" title="Pseudo-Plutarch">Ps.-Plu.Vit.Hom.</a> 22.</i>" Henry George Liddell. Robert Scott. <i><a href="/wiki/A_Greek-English_Lexicon" class="mw-redirect" title="A Greek-English Lexicon">A Greek-English Lexicon</a></i>. Revised and augmented throughout by Sir Henry Stuart Jones with the assistance of Roderick McKenzie. Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1940.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeitman2019" class="citation book cs1">Heitman, Jane (2 January 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fNuDDwAAQBAJ"><i>Figurative Language Quick Starts Workbook</i></a>. Carson-Dellosa Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4838-5503-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4838-5503-5"><bdi>978-1-4838-5503-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Figurative+Language+Quick+Starts+Workbook&rft.pub=Carson-Dellosa+Publishing&rft.date=2019-01-02&rft.isbn=978-1-4838-5503-5&rft.aulast=Heitman&rft.aufirst=Jane&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfNuDDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASynecdoche" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Panther, Klaus-Uwe; Thornburg, Linda L.; Barcelona, Antonio (2009). <i>Metonymy and Metaphor in Grammar</i>. John Benjamins Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-272-2379-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-272-2379-1"><bdi>978-90-272-2379-1</bdi></a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-seu-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-seu_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mcl.as.uky.edu/glossary-rhetorical-terms#42">Glossary of Rhetorical Terms</a>, University of Kentucky</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJakobson1956" class="citation book cs1">Jakobson, Roman & Morris Halle (1956). <i>Fundamentals of Language</i>. The Hague: Mouton. p. 95. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1178718140" title="Special:BookSources/978-1178718140"><bdi>978-1178718140</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fundamentals+of+Language&rft.place=The+Hague&rft.pages=95&rft.pub=Mouton&rft.date=1956&rft.isbn=978-1178718140&rft.aulast=Jakobson&rft.aufirst=Roman+%26+Morris+Halle&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASynecdoche" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-uwg-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-uwg_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.westga.edu/~scarter/Figurative_Language1.htm">Figurative Language- language using figures of speech</a>, University of West Georgia</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLanham1991" class="citation book cs1">Lanham, Richard A (1991). <i>A Handlist of Rhetorical Terms: A Guide for Students of English Literature, Second Edition</i>. Berkeley/Los Angeles/London: California University Press. p. 189. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-07669-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-520-07669-3"><bdi>978-0-520-07669-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Handlist+of+Rhetorical+Terms%3A+A+Guide+for+Students+of+English+Literature%2C+Second+Edition&rft.place=Berkeley%2FLos+Angeles%2FLondon&rft.pages=189&rft.pub=California+University+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-0-520-07669-3&rft.aulast=Lanham&rft.aufirst=Richard+A&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASynecdoche" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Political_Metaphors-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Political_Metaphors_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140305010025/http://www.politicalmetaphors.com/tag/synecdoche/">"President Obama's State of the Union Address"</a>. <i>Metaphors in American Politics</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.politicalmetaphors.com/tag/synecdoche/">the original</a> on 5 March 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 January</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Metaphors+in+American+Politics&rft.atitle=President+Obama%27s+State+of+the+Union+Address&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.politicalmetaphors.com%2Ftag%2Fsynecdoche%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASynecdoche" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-jstor.org-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-jstor.org_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-jstor.org_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurke1941" class="citation journal cs1">Burke, Kenneth (1941). "Four Master Tropes". <i><a href="/wiki/The_Kenyon_Review" title="The Kenyon Review">The Kenyon Review</a></i>. <b>3</b> (4). <a href="/wiki/Kenyon_College" title="Kenyon College">Kenyon College</a>: 426. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4332286">4332286</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Kenyon+Review&rft.atitle=Four+Master+Tropes&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=426&rft.date=1941&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4332286%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Burke&rft.aufirst=Kenneth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASynecdoche" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Enelow-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Enelow_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Enelow_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEnelow" class="citation web cs1">Enelow, David. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141108181439/http://faculty.headroyce.org/~denelow/English%2011/rhetoric/Mastertropes.html">"The Four Master Tropes"</a>. Head-Royce School. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://faculty.headroyce.org/~denelow/English%2011/rhetoric/Mastertropes.html">the original</a> on 8 November 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 October</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Four+Master+Tropes&rft.pub=Head-Royce+School&rft.aulast=Enelow&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffaculty.headroyce.org%2F~denelow%2FEnglish%252011%2Frhetoric%2FMastertropes.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASynecdoche" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chandler-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Chandler_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChandler2007" class="citation book cs1">Chandler, Daniel (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=utd_AgAAQBAJ&q=Barthes%201974%2C%20162%3B&pg=PT126"><i>Semiotics: the Basics</i></a>. New York: Routledge. pp. 132–133. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-134-32476-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-134-32476-7"><bdi>978-1-134-32476-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Semiotics%3A+the+Basics&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=132-133&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-134-32476-7&rft.aulast=Chandler&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dutd_AgAAQBAJ%26q%3DBarthes%25201974%252C%2520162%253B%26pg%3DPT126&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASynecdoche" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bureman-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bureman_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bureman_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBureman2013" class="citation web cs1">Bureman, Liz (24 September 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thewritepractice.com/synecdoche/">"Synecdoche: The Art of Getting Eyeballs"</a>. <i>The Write Practice</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 January</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Write+Practice&rft.atitle=Synecdoche%3A+The+Art+of+Getting+Eyeballs&rft.date=2013-09-24&rft.aulast=Bureman&rft.aufirst=Liz&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fthewritepractice.com%2Fsynecdoche%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASynecdoche" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Burke_1945_503-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Burke_1945_503_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Burke_1945_503_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurke1945" class="citation book cs1">Burke, Kenneth (1945). <i>A Grammar of Motives</i>. New York: Prentice Hall. p. 503.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Grammar+of+Motives&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=503&rft.pub=Prentice+Hall&rft.date=1945&rft.aulast=Burke&rft.aufirst=Kenneth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASynecdoche" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurke1945" class="citation book cs1">Burke, Kenneth (1945). <i>A Grammar of Motives</i>. New York: Prentice Hall. pp. 507–508.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Grammar+of+Motives&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=507-508&rft.pub=Prentice+Hall&rft.date=1945&rft.aulast=Burke&rft.aufirst=Kenneth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASynecdoche" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Burke_1945_508-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Burke_1945_508_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Burke_1945_508_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurke1945" class="citation book cs1">Burke, Kenneth (1945). <i>A Grammar of Motives</i>. New York: Prentice Hall. p. 508.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Grammar+of+Motives&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=508&rft.pub=Prentice+Hall&rft.date=1945&rft.aulast=Burke&rft.aufirst=Kenneth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASynecdoche" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Synecdoche&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmyth1920" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Weir_Smyth" title="Herbert Weir Smyth">Smyth, Herbert Weir</a> (1920). <i>Greek Grammar</i>. Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press. p. 683. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-36250-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-36250-5"><bdi>978-0-674-36250-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Greek+Grammar&rft.place=Cambridge+MA&rft.pages=683&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=1920&rft.isbn=978-0-674-36250-5&rft.aulast=Smyth&rft.aufirst=Herbert+Weir&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASynecdoche" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMonateri1958" class="citation book cs1">Monateri, Pier Giuseppe (1958). <i>La Sineddoche. Formule e regole nel diritto delle obbligazioni e dei contratti</i>. Milano: Giuffré.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=La+Sineddoche.+Formule+e+regole+nel+diritto+delle+obbligazioni+e+dei+contratti&rft.place=Milano&rft.pub=Giuffr%C3%A9&rft.date=1958&rft.aulast=Monateri&rft.aufirst=Pier+Giuseppe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASynecdoche" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Synecdoche&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media 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