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class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Purpose" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Purpose"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Purpose</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Purpose-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Commercial_fictional_languages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Commercial_fictional_languages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Commercial fictional languages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Commercial_fictional_languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Alien_languages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alien_languages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Alien languages</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Alien_languages-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Alien languages subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Alien_languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Visual_alien_languages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Visual_alien_languages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Visual alien languages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Visual_alien_languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Internet-based_fictional_languages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Internet-based_fictional_languages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Internet-based fictional languages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Internet-based_fictional_languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" 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Available in 14 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-14" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">14 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8B%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B" title="Выдуманыя мовы – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Выдуманыя мовы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiktivn%C3%AD_jazyk" title="Fiktivní jazyk – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Fiktivní jazyk" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiktive_Sprache" title="Fiktive Sprache – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Fiktive Sprache" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenguaje_ficticio" title="Lenguaje ficticio – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Lenguaje ficticio" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fikcilingvo" title="Fikcilingvo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Fikcilingvo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B0%80%EA%B3%B5_%EC%96%B8%EC%96%B4" title="가공 언어 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="가공 언어" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguas_de_fiction" title="Linguas de fiction – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Linguas de fiction" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_ficticia" title="Lingua ficticia – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Lingua ficticia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fantasietaol" title="Fantasietaol – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Fantasietaol" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9E%B6%E7%A9%BA%E8%A8%80%E8%AA%9E" title="架空言語 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="架空言語" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8B%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%88%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Вымышленные языки – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Вымышленные языки" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiktivt_spr%C3%A5k" title="Fiktivt språk – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Fiktivt språk" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%82%D1%83%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%96_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8" title="Штучно створені мови – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Штучно створені мови" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%99%9B%E6%A7%8B%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80" title="虛構語言 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="虛構語言" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2623733#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> 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href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Fictional_language" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Fictional_language" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fictional_language&oldid=1256554668" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fictional_language&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Fictional_language&id=1256554668&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FFictional_language"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FFictional_language"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Fictional_language&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fictional_language&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Fictional_languages" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2623733" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Constructed languages created for a fictional setting</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Spurious_languages" title="Spurious languages">Spurious languages</a>.</div> <p><b>Fictional languages</b> are the subset of <a href="/wiki/Constructed_language" title="Constructed language">constructed languages</a> (conlangs) that have been created as part of a fictional setting (e.g. for use in a book, movie, television show, or video game). Typically they are the creation of one individual, while <a href="/wiki/Natural_language" title="Natural language">natural languages</a> evolve out of a particular culture or people group, and other conlangs may have group involvement. Fictional <a href="/wiki/Language" title="Language">languages</a> are also distinct from natural languages in that they have no <a href="/wiki/Native_speakers" class="mw-redirect" title="Native speakers">native speakers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By contrast, the constructed language of <a href="/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto">Esperanto</a> now <a href="/wiki/Native_Esperanto_speakers" title="Native Esperanto speakers">has native speakers</a>. </p><p>Fictional languages are intended to be the languages of a fictional world and are often designed with the intent of giving more depth, and an appearance of plausibility, to the fictional worlds with which they are associated. The goal of the author may be to have their characters communicate in a fashion which is both alien and dislocated.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEConleyCain2006"Foreword",_p._XIX_ff_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEConleyCain2006"Foreword",_p._XIX_ff-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Within their fictional world, these languages do function as natural languages, helping to identify certain races or people groups and set them apart from others.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While some less-formed fictional languages are created as distorted versions or <a href="/wiki/Dialect" title="Dialect">dialects</a> of a pre-existing natural language, many are independently designed <a href="/wiki/Constructed_language" title="Constructed language">conlangs</a> with their own <a href="/wiki/Lexicon" title="Lexicon">lexicon</a> (some more robust than others) and rules of <a href="/wiki/Grammar" title="Grammar">grammar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some of the latter are fully formed enough to be learned as a speakable language, and many <a href="/wiki/Subculture" title="Subculture">subcultures</a> exist of those who are 'fluent' in one or more of these fictional languages.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Often after the creator of a fictional language has accomplished their task, the <a href="/wiki/Fandom" title="Fandom">fandom</a> of that <a href="/wiki/Fictional_universe" title="Fictional universe">fictional universe</a> will pick up where the creator left off and continue to flesh out the language, making it more like a natural language and therefore more usable.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Purpose">Purpose</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fictional_language&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Purpose"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Fictional languages are separated from <a href="/wiki/Artistic_language" title="Artistic language">artistic languages</a> by both purpose and relative completion: a fictional language often has the least amount of grammar and vocabulary possible, and rarely extends beyond the absolutely necessary. At the same time, some others have developed languages in detail for their own sake, such as <a href="/wiki/J._R._R._Tolkien" title="J. R. R. Tolkien">J. R. R. Tolkien</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Quenya" title="Quenya">Quenya</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sindarin" title="Sindarin">Sindarin</a> (two Elvish languages), <i><a href="/wiki/Star_Trek" title="Star Trek">Star Trek</a></i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s <a href="/wiki/Klingon_language" title="Klingon language">Klingon language</a> and <a href="/wiki/Avatar_(2009_film)" title="Avatar (2009 film)"><i>Avatar</i></a>'s <a href="/wiki/Na%27vi_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Na'vi language">Na'vi language</a> which exist as functioning, usable languages.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By analogy with the word "conlang", the term <i><a href="/wiki/Conworld" class="mw-redirect" title="Conworld">conworld</a></i> is used to describe these fictional worlds, inhabited by fictional <a href="/wiki/Constructed_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Constructed culture">constructed cultures</a>. The conworld influences vocabulary (what words the language will have for flora and fauna, articles of clothing, objects of technology, religious concepts, names of places and tribes, etc.), as well as influencing other factors such as pronouns, or how their cultures view the break-off points between colors or the gender and age of family members. Sound is also a directing factor, as creators seek to show their audience through <a href="/wiki/Phonology" title="Phonology">phonology</a> the type of race or people group to whom the language belongs.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Commercial_fictional_languages">Commercial fictional languages</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fictional_language&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Commercial fictional languages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Commercial fictional languages</b> are those languages created for use in various commercial media, such as: </p> <ul><li>Books (<i><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="The Lord of the Rings">The Lord of the Rings</a></i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span> <a href="/wiki/Quenya" title="Quenya">Quenya</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sindarin" title="Sindarin">Sindarin</a>)</li> <li>Films (<i><a href="/wiki/Avatar_(2009_film)" title="Avatar (2009 film)">Avatar</a></i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s <a href="/wiki/Na%27vi_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Na'vi language">Na'vi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baahubali:_The_Beginning" title="Baahubali: The Beginning">Baahubali's</a> <a href="/wiki/Kiliki_language" title="Kiliki language">Kiliki</a> and <i><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars" title="Star Wars">Star Wars</a></i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span> <a href="/wiki/Huttese" class="mw-redirect" title="Huttese">Huttese</a>.)</li> <li>Television shows (<i><a href="/wiki/Star_Trek" title="Star Trek">Star Trek</a></i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s <a href="/wiki/Klingon_language" title="Klingon language">Klingon</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Game_of_Thrones" title="Game of Thrones">Game of Thrones</a>'</i> <a href="/wiki/Valyrian_languages" title="Valyrian languages">Valyrian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dothraki_language" title="Dothraki language">Dothraki</a>)</li> <li>Video games (<i><a href="/wiki/Far_Cry_Primal" title="Far Cry Primal">Far Cry Primal</a></i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s <a href="/wiki/Wenja_language" title="Wenja language">Wenja</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Sims" title="The Sims">The Sims</a></i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span> <a href="/wiki/Simlish" title="Simlish">Simlish</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Splatoon" title="Splatoon">Splatoon</a></i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s inkling typeface, The <i><a href="/wiki/Ar_Tonelico" title="Ar Tonelico">Ar Tonelico</a></i> Series' <a href="/wiki/Ar_Tonelico#Hymmnos" title="Ar Tonelico">Hymmnos</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)</li> <li>Comics (<i><a href="/wiki/The_Adventures_of_Tintin" title="The Adventures of Tintin">The Adventures of Tintin</a></i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s <a href="/wiki/Bordurian" class="mw-redirect" title="Bordurian">Bordurian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Syldavian" title="Syldavian">Syldavian</a>)</li> <li>Toys (<i><a href="/wiki/Furby" title="Furby">Furby</a>'</i>s <a href="/wiki/Furbish" class="mw-redirect" title="Furbish">Furbish</a>)</li> <li>Musical albums (<i><a href="/wiki/Magma_(band)" title="Magma (band)">Magma</a></i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s <a href="/wiki/Koba%C3%AFan" class="mw-redirect" title="Kobaïan">Kobaïan</a>)</li> <li>Children's TV shows (<i><a href="/wiki/Pingu" title="Pingu">Pingu</a></i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s Penguinese)</li></ul> <p>While some languages are created purely from the desire of the creator, language creation can be a profession. In 1974, <a href="/wiki/Victoria_Fromkin" title="Victoria Fromkin">Victoria Fromkin</a> was the first person hired to create a language (<a href="/wiki/Land_of_the_Lost_(1974_TV_series)" title="Land of the Lost (1974 TV series)"><i>Land of the Lost</i></a>'s Paku).<sup id="cite_ref-:3_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since then, notable professional language creators have included <a href="/wiki/Marc_Okrand" title="Marc Okrand">Marc Okrand</a> (<a href="/wiki/Klingon_language" title="Klingon language">Klingon</a>), <a href="/wiki/David_J._Peterson" title="David J. Peterson">David Peterson</a> (<a href="/wiki/Dothraki_language" title="Dothraki language">Dothraki</a> and others in <i><a href="/wiki/Game_of_Thrones" title="Game of Thrones">Game of Thrones</a></i>), and <a href="/wiki/Paul_Frommer" title="Paul Frommer">Paul Frommer</a> (<a href="/wiki/Na%27vi_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Na'vi language">Na'vi</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Alien_languages">Alien languages</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fictional_language&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Alien languages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Qapla%27.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Qapla%27.svg/220px-Qapla%27.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="74" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Qapla%27.svg/330px-Qapla%27.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Qapla%27.svg/440px-Qapla%27.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="395" data-file-height="133" /></a><figcaption><i>Qapla<span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span></i> means 'success' in the <a href="/wiki/Klingon_language" title="Klingon language">Klingon language</a>.</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Alien_language" title="Alien language">Alien language</a></div> <p>A notable subgenre of fictional languages are <a href="/wiki/Alien_language" title="Alien language">alien languages</a>, the ones that are used or might be used by putative <a href="/wiki/Extraterrestrial_life" title="Extraterrestrial life">extraterrestrial life</a> forms. Alien languages are subject of both <a href="/wiki/Science_fiction" title="Science fiction">science fiction</a> and scientific research. Perhaps the most fully developed fictional alien language is the <a href="/wiki/Klingon_language" title="Klingon language">Klingon language</a> of the <i><a href="/wiki/Star_Trek" title="Star Trek">Star Trek</a></i> universe – a fully developed <a href="/wiki/Constructed_language" title="Constructed language">constructed language</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Prisco_2018_j198_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Prisco_2018_j198-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The problem of alien language has confronted generations of <a href="/wiki/Science_fiction" title="Science fiction">science fiction</a> writers; some have created fictional languages for their characters to use, while others have circumvented the problem through translation devices or other fantastic technology. For example, the <i><a href="/wiki/Star_Trek" title="Star Trek">Star Trek</a></i> universe makes use of a "<a href="/wiki/Universal_translator" title="Universal translator">universal translator</a>", which explains why such different races, often meeting for the first time, are able to communicate with each other.<sup id="cite_ref-Nast_2011_e234_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nast_2011_e234-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another more humorous example would be the Babel fish from <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hitchhiker%27s_Guide_to_the_Galaxy" title="The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy">The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy</a></i>, an aurally-inserted fish that instantaneously translates alien speech to the speaker's native language.<sup id="cite_ref-Edwards_2015_m100_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Edwards_2015_m100-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While in many cases an alien language is but an element of a fictional reality, in a number of science fiction works the core of the plot involves linguistic and psychological problems of communication between various alien species. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Visual_alien_languages">Visual alien languages</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fictional_language&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Visual alien languages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Complex_Gallifreyan_sentence.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Complex_Gallifreyan_sentence.svg/220px-Complex_Gallifreyan_sentence.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Complex_Gallifreyan_sentence.svg/330px-Complex_Gallifreyan_sentence.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Complex_Gallifreyan_sentence.svg/440px-Complex_Gallifreyan_sentence.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1772" data-file-height="1772" /></a><figcaption>Circular Gallifreyan from <i><a href="/wiki/Doctor_Who" title="Doctor Who">Doctor Who</a></i>, an example of a visual language. The sentence translates to "Welcome to Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia that anyone can edit."</figcaption></figure> <p>A further subgenre of alien languages are those that are visual, rather than auditory. Notable examples of this type are Sherman's Circular Gallifreyan from <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC's</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Doctor_Who" title="Doctor Who">Doctor Who</a></i> series<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the heptapod's written language, which is distinct from their spoken language, from the 2016 film <i><a href="/wiki/Arrival_(film)" title="Arrival (film)">Arrival</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Lubin_2016_b848_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lubin_2016_b848-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Zeitchik_2016_f348_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zeitchik_2016_f348-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Internet-based_fictional_languages">Internet-based fictional languages</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fictional_language&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Internet-based fictional languages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Fictional_language" title="Special:EditPage/Fictional language">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Internet-based fictional languages</b> are hosted along with their "<a href="/wiki/Conworld" class="mw-redirect" title="Conworld">conworlds</a>" on the internet, and based at these sites, becoming known to the world through the visitors to these sites. <a href="/wiki/Verdurian" class="mw-redirect" title="Verdurian">Verdurian</a>, the language of <a href="/wiki/Mark_Rosenfelder" class="mw-redirect" title="Mark Rosenfelder">Mark Rosenfelder</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Verdurian_language" title="Verdurian language">Verduria</a> on the planet of Almea, is an Internet-based fictional language. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fictional_language&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_constructed_languages#Artistic/fictional_languages" title="List of constructed languages">List of fictional languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communication_with_extraterrestrial_intelligence" title="Communication with extraterrestrial intelligence">Communication with extraterrestrial intelligence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constructed_language" title="Constructed language">Constructed languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_in_Star_Wars" title="Languages in Star Wars">Languages in Star Wars</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fictional_language&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>Citations</dt></dl> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBarnesvan_Heerden2008" class="citation journal cs1">Barnes, Lawrie; van Heerden, Chantelle (2008-06-02). "Virtual Languages in Science Fiction and Fantasy Literature". <i>Language Matters</i>. <b>37</b>: 102–117. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F10228190608566254">10.1080/10228190608566254</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144894796">144894796</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Language+Matters&rft.atitle=Virtual+Languages+in+Science+Fiction+and+Fantasy+Literature&rft.volume=37&rft.pages=102-117&rft.date=2008-06-02&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F10228190608566254&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A144894796%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Barnes&rft.aufirst=Lawrie&rft.au=van+Heerden%2C+Chantelle&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFictional+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEConleyCain2006"Foreword",_p._XIX_ff-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEConleyCain2006"Foreword",_p._XIX_ff_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFConleyCain2006">Conley & Cain 2006</a>, pp. "Foreword", p. XIX ff.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://schott.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/03/10/questions-answered-invented-languages/">"Questions Answered: Invented Languages"</a>. <i>Schott’s Vocab Blog</i>. 2010-03-10<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-01-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ranker&rft.atitle=Fictional+Languages+You+Can+Actually+Learn+To+Speak&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ranker.com%2Flist%2Fmade-up-languages-in-fiction%2Fcoy-jandreau&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFictional+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeterson2015" class="citation book cs1">Peterson, David J. (2015). <i>The Art of Language Invention : from Horse-Lords to Dark Elves, The Words Behind World-building</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-07-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=hymmnoserver.uguu.ca&rft.atitle=Hymmnoserver+-+Song+Magic+Servers&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhymmnoserver.uguu.ca%2Fservers.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFictional+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><i>game.salburg.com</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://game.salburg.com/hymmnoserver/">http://game.salburg.com/hymmnoserver/</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-07-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=game.salburg.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgame.salburg.com%2Fhymmnoserver%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFictional+language" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Missing or empty <code class="cs1-code">|title=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#citation_missing_title" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Prisco_2018_j198-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Prisco_2018_j198_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPrisco2018" class="citation web cs1">Prisco, Jacopo (July 3, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/style/article/star-trek-klingon-marc-okrand/index.html">"How do you design a language from scratch? 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 25,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Yorker&rft.atitle=Star+Trek%2C+Google%2C+and+the+Dream+of+Universal+Translation&rft.date=2011-01-26&rft.aulast=Reynolds&rft.aufirst=Eileen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newyorker.com%2Fbooks%2Fpage-turner%2Fstar-trek-google-and-the-dream-of-universal-translation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFictional+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Edwards_2015_m100-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Edwards_2015_m100_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEdwards2015" class="citation web cs1">Edwards, Jim (January 15, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/google-translate-babel-fish-from-hitchhikers-guide-2015-1">"Google's New Language Translation App Is Astonishing"</a>. <i>Business Insider</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 25,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Business+Insider&rft.atitle=Google%27s+New+Language+Translation+App+Is+Astonishing&rft.date=2015-01-15&rft.aulast=Edwards&rft.aufirst=Jim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessinsider.com%2Fgoogle-translate-babel-fish-from-hitchhikers-guide-2015-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFictional+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSherman" class="citation web cs1">Sherman, Loren. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://shermansplanet.com/gallifreyan/guide.pdf">"How to Write Gallifreyan"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Sherman's Planet</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sherman%27s+Planet&rft.atitle=How+to+Write+Gallifreyan&rft.aulast=Sherman&rft.aufirst=Loren&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fshermansplanet.com%2Fgallifreyan%2Fguide.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFictional+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lubin_2016_b848-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Lubin_2016_b848_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLubin2016" class="citation web cs1">Lubin, Gus (November 21, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/alien-language-in-arrival-linguist-2016-11">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Arrival' nails how humans might actually talk to aliens, a linguist says"</a>. <i>Business Insider</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 25,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Business+Insider&rft.atitle=%27Arrival%27+nails+how+humans+might+actually+talk+to+aliens%2C+a+linguist+says&rft.date=2016-11-21&rft.aulast=Lubin&rft.aufirst=Gus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessinsider.com%2Falien-language-in-arrival-linguist-2016-11&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFictional+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Zeitchik_2016_f348-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Zeitchik_2016_f348_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZeitchik2016" class="citation web cs1">Zeitchik, Steven (November 25, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/movies/la-et-mn-arrival-movie-linguist-20161125-story.html">"Decoding the linguistic geekiness behind 'Arrival's' sci-fi sheen"</a>. <i>Los Angeles Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 25,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Decoding+the+linguistic+geekiness+behind+%27Arrival%27s%27+sci-fi+sheen&rft.date=2016-11-25&rft.aulast=Zeitchik&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Fentertainment%2Fmovies%2Fla-et-mn-arrival-movie-linguist-20161125-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFictional+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <dl><dt>General references</dt></dl> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1">Barnes, Lawrie; van Heerden, Chantelle (2006). "Virtual Languages in Science fiction and fantasy literature". <i>Language Matters</i>. <b>37</b> (1): 102–117. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F10228190608566254">10.1080/10228190608566254</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1022-8195">1022-8195</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144894796">144894796</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Language+Matters&rft.atitle=Virtual+Languages+in+Science+fiction+and+fantasy+literature&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=102-117&rft.date=2006&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A144894796%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1022-8195&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F10228190608566254&rft.aulast=Barnes&rft.aufirst=Lawrie&rft.au=van+Heerden%2C+Chantelle&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFictional+language" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFConleyCain2006" class="citation book cs1">Conley, Tim; Cain, Stephen (2006). <i>Encyclopedia of Fictional and Fantastic Languages</i>. Westport, Connecticut: <a href="/wiki/Greenwood_Publishing_Group" title="Greenwood Publishing Group">Greenwood Publishing Group</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-33188-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-33188-6"><bdi>978-0-313-33188-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Fictional+and+Fantastic+Languages&rft.place=Westport%2C+Connecticut&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-313-33188-6&rft.aulast=Conley&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft.au=Cain%2C+Stephen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFictional+language" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fictional_language&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Fictional_languages" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Fictional languages">fictional languages</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jbr.me.uk/lingo.html">A Primer In SF XENOLINGUISTICS</a>, by Justin B. Rye</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070422160405/http://www.matessa.org/~mike/inter-comm.html">Interstellar Communication</a>, a collection of references</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a5mZ0R3h8m0">Are Elvish, Klingon, Dothraki and Na'vi real languages?</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kli.org/">The Klingon Language Institute</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oa6cHEJIjYI">Accent Expert Breaks Down 6 Fictional Languages From Film & TV</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output 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ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Constructed_languages" title="Template:Constructed languages"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Constructed_languages" title="Template talk:Constructed languages"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Constructed_languages" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Constructed languages"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Constructed_languages" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Constructed_language" title="Constructed language">Constructed languages</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Classification</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artistic_language" title="Artistic language">Artistic</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Fictional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Language_game" title="Language game">Language game</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_auxiliary_language" title="International auxiliary language">International auxiliary</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zonal_auxiliary_language" title="Zonal auxiliary language">Zonal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engineered_language" title="Engineered language">Engineered</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Experimental_language" title="Experimental language">Experimental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musical_language" title="Musical language">Musical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophical_language" title="Philosophical language">Philosophical</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Specific <br />languages<br /> by group</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/International_auxiliary_language" title="International auxiliary language">International<br />auxiliary</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Babm" title="Babm">Babm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blissymbols" title="Blissymbols">Blissymbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolak_language" title="Bolak language">Bolak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communicationssprache" title="Communicationssprache">Communicationssprache</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto">Esperanto</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adjuvilo" title="Adjuvilo">Adjuvilo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arcaicam_Esperantom" title="Arcaicam Esperantom">Arcaicam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esperanto_II" title="Esperanto II">Esperanto II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ido" title="Ido">Ido</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mundolinco" title="Mundolinco">Mundolinco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformed_Esperanto" class="mw-redirect" title="Reformed Esperanto">Reformed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rom%C3%A1ni%C3%A7o" class="mw-redirect" title="Romániço">Romániço</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_(Esperantido)" title="Universal (Esperantido)">Universal</a></li> <li>other <a href="/wiki/Esperantido" title="Esperantido">esperantidos</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glosa" title="Glosa">Glosa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Interglossa" title="Interglossa">Interglossa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idiom_Neutral" title="Idiom Neutral">Idiom Neutral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intal_language" title="Intal language">Intal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interlingua" title="Interlingua">Interlingua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interlingue" title="Interlingue">Interlingue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Sign" title="International Sign">International Sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kotava" title="Kotava">Kotava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langue_nouvelle" title="Langue nouvelle">Langue nouvelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latino_sine_flexione" title="Latino sine flexione">Latino sine flexione</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lingua_Franca_Nova" title="Lingua Franca Nova">Lingua Franca Nova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lingwa_de_planeta" title="Lingwa de planeta">Lingwa de planeta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mondial_language" title="Mondial language">Mondial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo_language" title="Neo language">Neo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nal_Bino" title="Nal Bino">Nal Bino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novial" title="Novial">Novial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasilingua" title="Pasilingua">Pasilingua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sambahsa" title="Sambahsa">Sambahsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solresol" title="Solresol">Solresol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sona_(constructed_language)" title="Sona (constructed language)">Sona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unish" title="Unish">Unish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universalglot" title="Universalglot">Universalglot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uropi" title="Uropi">Uropi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volap%C3%BCk" title="Volapük">Volapük</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Zonal_auxiliary_language" title="Zonal auxiliary language">Zonal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afrihili" title="Afrihili">Afrihili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budinos" title="Budinos">Budinos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Efatese_language" title="Efatese language">Efatese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurolengo" title="Eurolengo">Eurolengo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guosa" title="Guosa">Guosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ortat%C3%BCrk" title="Ortatürk">Ortatürk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Germanic_language" title="Pan-Germanic language">Pan-Germanic language</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tutonish" title="Tutonish">Tutonish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Romance_language" title="Pan-Romance language">Pan-Romance language</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neolatino_Romance" title="Neolatino Romance">Neolatino Romance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanid" title="Romanid">Romanid</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Slavic_language" title="Pan-Slavic language">Pan-Slavic language</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Interslavic" title="Interslavic">Interslavic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iazychie" title="Iazychie">Iazychie</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Runyakitara_language" title="Runyakitara language">Runyakitara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wede" title="Wede">Wede</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weltdeutsch" title="Weltdeutsch">Weltdeutsch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Engineered_language" title="Engineered language">Engineered</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AUI_(constructed_language)" title="AUI (constructed language)">aUI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basic_English" title="Basic English">Basic English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutton_Speedwords" title="Dutton Speedwords">Dutton Speedwords</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ithkuil" title="Ithkuil">Ithkuil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalaba-X" title="Kalaba-X">Kalaba-X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrolinguistics" title="Astrolinguistics">Astrolinguistics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lincos_language" title="Lincos language">Lincos</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lingua_generalis" title="Lingua generalis">Lingua generalis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loglan" title="Loglan">Loglan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logopandecteision" title="Logopandecteision">Logopandecteision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lojban" title="Lojban">Lojban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/An_Essay_Towards_a_Real_Character,_and_a_Philosophical_Language" title="An Essay Towards a Real Character, and a Philosophical Language">Real Character</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ro_language" title="Ro language">Ro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toki_Pona" title="Toki Pona">Toki Pona</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Fictional</a> and<br />other <a href="/wiki/Artistic_language" title="Artistic language">artistic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atlantean_language" title="Atlantean language">Atlantean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belter_Creole" title="Belter Creole">Belter Creole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brithenig" title="Brithenig">Brithenig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dritok" title="Dritok">Dritok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dothraki_language" title="Dothraki language">Dothraki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elvish_languages" title="Elvish languages">Elvish languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enchanta" class="mw-redirect" title="Enchanta">Enchanta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C4%93len" title="Kēlen">Kēlen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiliki_language" title="Kiliki language">Kiliki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klingon_language" title="Klingon language">Klingon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koba%C3%AFan" class="mw-redirect" title="Kobaïan">Kobaïan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A1adan" title="Láadan">Láadan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lapine_language" title="Lapine language">Lapine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loxian" title="Loxian">Loxian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lydnevi" title="Lydnevi">Lydnevi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A4nti" class="mw-redirect" title="Mänti">Mänti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_constructed_by_J._R._R._Tolkien" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages constructed by J. R. R. Tolkien">Middle-earth languages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ad%C3%BBnaic" title="Adûnaic">Adûnaic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quenya" title="Quenya">Quenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sindarin" title="Sindarin">Sindarin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Middle-earth_languages" title="Category:Middle-earth languages">more...</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Na%CA%BCvi_language" title="Naʼvi language">Naʼvi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nadsat" title="Nadsat">Nadsat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newspeak" title="Newspeak">Newspeak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simlish" title="Simlish">Simlish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spocanian" title="Spocanian">Spocanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_in_Star_Wars" title="Languages in Star Wars"><i>Star Wars</i> languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syldavian" title="Syldavian">Syldavian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teonaht" title="Teonaht">Teonaht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsoly%C3%A1ni_language" title="Tsolyáni language">Tsolyáni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utopian_language" title="Utopian language">Utopian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valyrian_languages" title="Valyrian languages">Valyrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venedic_language" title="Venedic language">Venedic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verdurian_language" title="Verdurian language">Verdurian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wenja_language" title="Wenja language">Wenja</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ritual and other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balaibalan" title="Balaibalan">Balaibalan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damin" title="Damin">Damin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enochian" title="Enochian">Enochian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eskayan_language" title="Eskayan language">Eskayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lingua_ignota" title="Lingua ignota">Lingua ignota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medefaidrin" title="Medefaidrin">Medefaidrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palawa_kani" title="Palawa kani">Palawa kani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yerkish" title="Yerkish">Yerkish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaum" title="Zaum">Zaum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Neography</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constructed_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Constructed script">Constructed script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esperanto_orthography" title="Esperanto orthography">Esperanto orthography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sitelen_Pona" title="Sitelen Pona">Sitelen Pona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolkien%27s_scripts" title="Tolkien's scripts">Tolkien's scripts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cirth" title="Cirth">Cirth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarati" title="Sarati">Sarati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tengwar" title="Tengwar">Tengwar</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Study</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Esperantology" title="Esperantology">Esperantology</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Secret_Vice" title="A Secret Vice">A Secret Vice</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bridge_of_Words" title="Bridge of Words">Bridge of Words</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Conlanging:_The_Art_of_Crafting_Tongues" title="Conlanging: The Art of Crafting Tongues">Conlanging: The Art of Crafting Tongues</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/In_the_Land_of_Invented_Languages" title="In the Land of Invented Languages">In the Land of Invented Languages</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/La_Ricerca_della_Lingua_Perfetta_nella_Cultura_Europea" title="La Ricerca della Lingua Perfetta nella Cultura Europea">La Ricerca della Lingua Perfetta nella Cultura Europea</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Comparisons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_between_Esperanto_and_Ido" title="Comparison between Esperanto and Ido">Esperanto/Ido</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_between_Esperanto_and_Interlingua" title="Comparison between Esperanto and Interlingua">Esperanto/Interlingua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_between_Esperanto_and_Novial" title="Comparison between Esperanto and Novial">Esperanto/Novial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_between_Ido_and_Interlingua" title="Comparison between Ido and Interlingua">Ido/Interlingua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_between_Ido_and_Novial" title="Comparison between Ido and Novial">Ido/Novial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_between_Interlingue_and_Interlingua" title="Comparison between Interlingue and Interlingua">Interlingue/Interlingua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_between_Lojban_and_Loglan" title="Comparison between Lojban and Loglan">Lojban/Loglan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Constructed_languages" title="Portal:Constructed languages">Portal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_constructed_languages" title="List of constructed languages">List of constructed languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_language_creators" title="List of language creators">List of language creators</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style 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