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<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <title>Amendment 70: New Opportunity: A.62 FarmFlux Science Team - NASA Science</title> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="https://science.nasa.gov/apple-touch-icon.png"> <link rel="preload" href="https://science.nasa.gov/font-face.css" as="style"> <link rel="preload" href="https://smd-cms.nasa.gov/wp-content/client-mu-plugins/uswds-framework/uswds/fonts/public-sans/PublicSans-Regular.woff2" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin="anonymous"> <link rel="preload" href="https://smd-cms.nasa.gov/wp-content/client-mu-plugins/uswds-framework/uswds/fonts-split/inter/UcC73FwrK3iLTeHuS_fvQtMwCp50KnMa1ZL7.woff2" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin="anonymous"> <link rel="preload" href="https://smd-cms.nasa.gov/wp-content/client-mu-plugins/uswds-framework/uswds/fonts-split/db-mono/aFTU7PB1QTsUX8KYthqQBA.woff2" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin="anonymous"> <meta property="og:title" content="Amendment 70: New Opportunity: A.62 FarmFlux Science Team - NASA Science"> <meta property="og:url" content="https://science.nasa.gov/researchers/solicitations/roses-2024/amendment-70-new-opportunity-a-62-farmflux-science-team/"> <meta name="description" content="With this ROSES announcement, NASA is soliciting proposals for A.62 FarmFlux Science Team (ST). FarmFlux will quantify emissions of reactive and greenhouse gases from U.S. agriculture and characterize agricultural impacts on air quality and ecosystems. The FarmFlux science team will work together to address four related objectives: Objective 1: Quantify the magnitude and near-source fate […]"> <meta property="og:description" content="With this ROSES announcement, NASA is soliciting proposals for A.62 FarmFlux Science Team (ST). FarmFlux will quantify emissions of reactive and greenhouse gases from U.S. agriculture and characterize agricultural impacts on air quality and ecosystems. The FarmFlux science team will work together to address four related objectives: Objective 1: Quantify the magnitude and near-source fate […]"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/esd/eo/content-feature/carboncycle/images/abandoned_farm.jpg?w=720&h=480&fit=clip&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint"> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Amendment 70: New Opportunity: A.62 FarmFlux Science Team - NASA Science"> <meta name="twitter:description" content="With this ROSES announcement, NASA is soliciting proposals for A.62 FarmFlux Science Team (ST). FarmFlux will quantify emissions of reactive and greenhouse gases from U.S. agriculture and characterize agricultural impacts on air quality and ecosystems. 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for search engines"><ul><li>Missions <ul><li><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/missions/" tabindex="-1">Search All NASA Missions</a></li><li><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/a-to-z-of-nasa-missions/" tabindex="-1">A to Z List of Missions</a></li><li><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/events/" tabindex="-1">Upcoming Launches and Landings</a></li><li><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/humans-in-space/spaceships-and-rockets/" tabindex="-1">Spaceships and Rockets</a></li><li><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/communicating-with-missions/" tabindex="-1">Communicating with Missions</a></li><li><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/humans-in-space/artemis/" tabindex="-1">Artemis</a></li><li><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/mission/webb/" tabindex="-1">James Webb Space Telescope</a></li><li><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/mission/hubble/" tabindex="-1">Hubble Space Telescope</a></li><li><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/international-space-station/" tabindex="-1">International Space Station</a></li><li><a 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class="display-48 grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-11 margin-y-0">Amendment 70: New Opportunity: A.62 FarmFlux Science Team</h1></div><div class="GutenbergBlocksCustomFields hds-module"><div class="GutenbergBlocks hds-module"><div class="BlockLayout BlockLayoutGeneric grid-row grid-container grid-container-block smd-padding-x-responsive margin-y-3"><div class="grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-8 desktop:grid-offset-2"><div class="BlockWrapper hds-module width-full maxw-full CoreParagraphBlock"><div class="grid-container-block grid-container padding-0"><p class="margin-0 padding-0">With this ROSES announcement, NASA is soliciting proposals for <a href="https://nspires.nasaprs.com/external/solicitations/summary.do?solId=%7b40DCE90A-0924-7D5B-55E2-CC98DD824A5C%7d&path=&method=init">A.62 FarmFlux Science Team (ST)</a>. FarmFlux will quantify emissions of reactive and greenhouse gases from U.S. agriculture and characterize agricultural impacts on air quality and ecosystems.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="BlockLayout BlockLayoutGeneric grid-row grid-container grid-container-block smd-padding-x-responsive margin-y-3"><div class="grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-8 desktop:grid-offset-2"><div class="BlockWrapper hds-module width-full maxw-full CoreParagraphBlock"><div class="grid-container-block grid-container padding-0"><p class="margin-0 padding-0">The FarmFlux science team will work together to address four related objectives:</p></div></div></div></div><div class="BlockLayout BlockLayoutGeneric grid-row grid-container grid-container-block smd-padding-x-responsive margin-y-3"><div class="grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-8 desktop:grid-offset-2"><div class="BlockWrapper hds-module width-full maxw-full CoreParagraphBlock"><div class="grid-container-block grid-container padding-0"><p class="margin-0 padding-0">Objective 1: Quantify the magnitude and near-source fate of emissions from animal feeding operations and characterize major human and environmental controls.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="BlockLayout BlockLayoutGeneric grid-row grid-container grid-container-block smd-padding-x-responsive margin-y-3"><div class="grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-8 desktop:grid-offset-2"><div class="BlockWrapper hds-module width-full maxw-full CoreParagraphBlock"><div class="grid-container-block grid-container padding-0"><p class="margin-0 padding-0">Objective 2: Quantify the bidirectional exchange of gases over major crop systems and connect fluxes to surface and environmental controls.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="BlockLayout BlockLayoutGeneric grid-row grid-container grid-container-block smd-padding-x-responsive margin-y-3"><div class="grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-8 desktop:grid-offset-2"><div class="BlockWrapper hds-module width-full maxw-full CoreParagraphBlock"><div class="grid-container-block grid-container padding-0"><p class="margin-0 padding-0">Objective 3: Explain physical and chemical properties of particulate matter in agricultural regions.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="BlockLayout BlockLayoutGeneric grid-row grid-container grid-container-block smd-padding-x-responsive margin-y-3"><div class="grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-8 desktop:grid-offset-2"><div class="BlockWrapper hds-module width-full maxw-full CoreParagraphBlock"><div class="grid-container-block grid-container padding-0"><p class="margin-0 padding-0">Objective 4: Connect agricultural emissions to air quality impacts and advance new satellite data applications over agricultural areas.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="BlockLayout BlockLayoutGeneric grid-row grid-container grid-container-block smd-padding-x-responsive margin-y-3"><div class="grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-8 desktop:grid-offset-2"><div class="BlockWrapper hds-module width-full maxw-full CoreParagraphBlock"><div class="grid-container-block grid-container padding-0"><p class="margin-0 padding-0">ROSES-2024 Amendment 70 presents a new program element in ROSES-2024: <a href="https://nspires.nasaprs.com/external/solicitations/summary.do?solId=%7b40DCE90A-0924-7D5B-55E2-CC98DD824A5C%7d&path=&method=init">A.62 FarmFlux Science Team (ST)</a>. NOIs are requested by January 17, 2025, and proposals are due  March 7, 2025.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="BlockLayout BlockLayoutGeneric grid-row grid-container grid-container-block smd-padding-x-responsive margin-y-3"><div class="grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-8 desktop:grid-offset-2"><div class="BlockWrapper hds-module width-full maxw-full CoreParagraphBlock"><div class="grid-container-block grid-container padding-0"><p class="margin-0 padding-0">Associated with this program element, an opportunity for expressions of interest in no-cost contributions that are not critical to addressing FarmFlux’s main objectives is also being released as <a href="https://nspires.nasaprs.com/external/solicitations/summary.do?solId=%7bEC8C9A0F-F4EB-E48E-1B2D-10FEA1FAE8D6%7d&path=&method=init">NNH25ZDA007L</a>. Contributions that are critical to addressing FarmFlux’s main objectives must be submitted to the <a href="https://nspires.nasaprs.com/external/solicitations/summary.do?solId=%7b40DCE90A-0924-7D5B-55E2-CC98DD824A5C%7d&path=&method=init">A.62 Farm Flux ST</a> program element.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="BlockLayout BlockLayoutGeneric grid-row grid-container grid-container-block smd-padding-x-responsive margin-y-3"><div class="grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-8 desktop:grid-offset-2"><div class="BlockWrapper hds-module width-full maxw-full CoreParagraphBlock"><div class="grid-container-block grid-container padding-0"><p class="margin-0 padding-0">On or about November, 21 2024, this Amendment to the NASA Research Announcement "Research Opportunities in Space and Earth Sciences (ROSES) 2024" (NNH24ZDA001N) will be posted on the NASA research opportunity homepage at <a href="https://solicitation.nasaprs.com/ROSES2024">https://solicitation.nasaprs.com/ROSES2024</a></p></div></div></div></div><div class="BlockLayout BlockLayoutGeneric grid-row grid-container grid-container-block smd-padding-x-responsive margin-y-3"><div class="grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-8 desktop:grid-offset-2"><div class="BlockWrapper hds-module width-full maxw-full CoreParagraphBlock"><div class="grid-container-block grid-container padding-0"><p class="margin-0 padding-0">Questions concerning <a href="https://nspires.nasaprs.com/external/solicitations/summary.do?solId=%7b40DCE90A-0924-7D5B-55E2-CC98DD824A5C%7d&path=&method=init">A.62 Farm Flux ST</a> may be directed to Glenn Wolfe at <a href="mailto:glenn.m.wolfe@nasa.gov?subject=FarmFlux%20ST">glenn.m.wolfe@nasa.gov</a> and Ryan Pavlick at <a href="mailto:ryan.p.pavlick@nasa.gov?subject=FarmFlux%20ST">ryan.p.pavlick@nasa.gov</a>.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="BlockLayout margin-full-bleed"><div class="BlockWrapper hds-module nasa-gb-align-full width-full maxw-full padding-x-3 padding-y-0 wp-block-nasa-blocks-related-articles NasaBlocksRelatedArticlesBlock"><section class="hds-related-articles padding-x-0 padding-y-3 desktop:padding-top-7 desktop:padding-bottom-9"><div class="w-100 grid-row grid-container maxw-widescreen padding-0 text-align-left"><div class="margin-bottom-4"><h2 style="max-width:100%;" class="width-full w-full maxw-full margin-0">Explore More</h2></div></div><div class="grid-row grid-container maxw-widescreen padding-0"><div class="grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-4 margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0 desktop:padding-right-3"><a href="/get-involved/citizen-science/this-thanksgiving-were-grateful-for-nasas-amateur-scientists/" class="link-external-false color-carbon-black"><div class="margin-bottom-2"><div class="hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black minh-mobile"><figure class="hds-media-background"><picture class="BaseMedia width-full"><source type="image/webp" 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https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/galaxies/spiral/Hubble_UGC10043_potw2447a.jpg?w=2560&format=webp&fit=clip&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 2560w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/galaxies/spiral/Hubble_UGC10043_potw2447a.jpg?w=3072&format=webp&fit=clip&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 3072w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/galaxies/spiral/Hubble_UGC10043_potw2447a.jpg?w=4096&format=webp&fit=clip&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 4096w"><img width="2419" height="2499" alt="A spiral galaxy seen directly from the side, such that its disk looks like a narrow diagonal band across the image. 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https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/stars/artist-concepts/Hubble_FUOrionis_STScI-01JD10SWK9VB6MQ9440ERZ8QP0.jpg?w=2560&format=webp&fit=clip&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 2560w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/stars/artist-concepts/Hubble_FUOrionis_STScI-01JD10SWK9VB6MQ9440ERZ8QP0.jpg?w=3072&format=webp&fit=clip&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 3072w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/stars/artist-concepts/Hubble_FUOrionis_STScI-01JD10SWK9VB6MQ9440ERZ8QP0.jpg?w=4096&format=webp&fit=clip&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 4096w"><img width="4534" height="2550" alt="Artist&#039;s concept of early stages of the young star FU Orionis outburst. The star, a bright yellow sphere near the center, and its fluffy disk of gas and dust are slightly tilted, extending from the top left corner to the bottom right. The swirling disk is bright yellow close to the star and gradually transitions to dark orange moving toward the edges of the frame. 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Bolles</div></li></ul></div></div></div></div></footer></div></div></div><div id="teleports"></div><script type="application/json" id="__NUXT_DATA__" data-ssr="true">[["Reactive",1],{"data":2,"state":870,"once":883,"_errors":884,"serverRendered":113,"path":885,"pinia":886},{"bopM4m5QGO":3,"AWUXVp57yf":426},{"type":4,"value":5},"post",{"id":6,"post_type":7,"title":8,"authors":9,"categories":30,"classes":52,"color_mode":62,"date":63,"date_gmt":64,"modified_date_gmt":65,"manualExcerpt":27,"preview":28,"permalink":66,"purge":67,"readTime":70,"seo":71,"template":83,"timeAgo":84,"blocks":85},435650,"topic","Amendment 70: New Opportunity: A.62 FarmFlux Science Team",[10],{"id":11,"first-name":12,"last-name":12,"display-name":13,"email":12,"biography":12,"images":14,"location":24,"phone":25,"job-title":12,"country":26,"read-more":27,"on-contract":28,"social-links":29},5760,"","NASA Science Editorial 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(ROSES)","roses","https://science.nasa.gov/category/science-research/for-researchers/roses/",{"term_id":48,"taxonomy":33,"name":49,"slug":50,"link":51},1724,"Science Mission Directorate","smd","https://science.nasa.gov/about-us/",[53,7,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61],"post-435650","type-topic","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-earth-science","category-greenhouse-gases","category-roses","category-smd","light","2024-11-21 12:40:23","2024-11-21 17:40:23","2024-11-21 17:40:25","https://science.nasa.gov/researchers/solicitations/roses-2024/amendment-70-new-opportunity-a-62-farmflux-science-team/",[68,69],"https://smd-cms.nasa.gov/wp-json/smd/v1/router/researchers/solicitations/roses-2024/amendment-70-new-opportunity-a-62-farmflux-science-team","https://smd-cms.nasa.gov/wp-json/smd/v1/router/researchers/solicitations/roses-2024/amendment-70-new-opportunity-a-62-farmflux-science-team/",2,{"canonical":66,"meta":72,"opengraph":73,"title":82},{"description":12},{"description":74,"image":75,"title":8,"type":81},"With this ROSES announcement, NASA is soliciting proposals for A.62 FarmFlux Science Team (ST). FarmFlux will quantify emissions of reactive and greenhouse gases from U.S. agriculture and characterize agricultural impacts on air quality and ecosystems. The FarmFlux science team will work together to address four related objectives: Objective 1: Quantify the magnitude and near-source fate […]",{"alt":12,"size":76,"type":79,"url":80},{"width":77,"height":78},720,480,"image","https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/esd/eo/content-feature/carboncycle/images/abandoned_farm.jpg?w=720&h=480&fit=clip&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint","article","Amendment 70: New Opportunity: A.62 FarmFlux Science Team - NASA Science","default","6 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Programs",{"id":27,"title":27,"kind":27,"type":27,"url":263,"external":28,"target":114},"https://science.nasa.gov/researchers/nodd",{"link_title":265,"linkType":107,"linkId":266},"OSDMP FAQ",{"id":27,"title":27,"kind":27,"type":27,"url":267,"external":28,"target":114},"https://science.nasa.gov/researchers/sara/faqs/osdmp/",{"link_title":269,"linkType":107,"linkId":270},"ROSES Budget Redaction",{"id":27,"title":27,"kind":27,"type":27,"url":271,"external":28,"target":114},"https://science.nasa.gov/researchers/sara/how-to-guide/nspires-cslabor/",{"link_title":273,"linkType":107,"linkId":274},"Scientific Information Policy",{"id":27,"title":27,"kind":27,"type":27,"url":275,"external":113,"target":114},"https://science.nasa.gov/researchers/science-information-policy/",{"link_title":277,"linkType":107,"linkId":278},"Volunteer to Review Proposals",{"id":27,"title":27,"kind":27,"type":27,"url":279,"external":28,"target":114},"https://science.nasa.gov/researchers/volunteer-review-panels",{"link_title":281,"linkType":107,"linkId":282},"Work-Life Balance",{"id":27,"title":27,"kind":27,"type":27,"url":283,"external":28,"target":114},"https://science.nasa.gov/researchers/work-life-balance",{"link_title":285,"linkType":107,"linkId":286},"Contact SARA",{"id":27,"title":27,"kind":27,"type":27,"url":287,"external":28,"target":114},"mailto:SARA@nasa.gov",{"link_title":289,"linkType":107,"linkId":290},"Inclusion Plan Resources",{"id":27,"title":27,"kind":27,"type":27,"url":291,"external":113,"target":114},"https://science.nasa.gov/researchers/inclusion",{"title":293,"url":294},"Researchers","https://science.nasa.gov/?hdsnav=researchers",{"name":296,"attributes":297},"core/paragraph",{"anchor":12,"content":298,"dropCap":28},"With this ROSES announcement, NASA is soliciting proposals for \u003Ca href=\"https://nspires.nasaprs.com/external/solicitations/summary.do?solId=%7b40DCE90A-0924-7D5B-55E2-CC98DD824A5C%7d&path=&method=init\">A.62 FarmFlux Science Team (ST)\u003C/a>. FarmFlux will quantify emissions of reactive and greenhouse gases from U.S. agriculture and characterize agricultural impacts on air quality and ecosystems.",{"name":296,"attributes":300},{"anchor":12,"content":301,"dropCap":28},"The FarmFlux science team will work together to address four related objectives:",{"name":296,"attributes":303},{"anchor":12,"content":304,"dropCap":28},"Objective 1: Quantify the magnitude and near-source fate of emissions from animal feeding operations and characterize major human and environmental controls.",{"name":296,"attributes":306},{"anchor":12,"content":307,"dropCap":28},"Objective 2: Quantify the bidirectional exchange of gases over major crop systems and connect fluxes to surface and environmental controls.",{"name":296,"attributes":309},{"anchor":12,"content":310,"dropCap":28},"Objective 3: Explain physical and chemical properties of particulate matter in agricultural regions.",{"name":296,"attributes":312},{"anchor":12,"content":313,"dropCap":28},"Objective 4: Connect agricultural emissions to air quality impacts and advance new satellite data applications over agricultural areas.",{"name":296,"attributes":315},{"anchor":12,"content":316,"dropCap":28},"ROSES-2024 Amendment 70 presents a new program element in ROSES-2024: \u003Ca href=\"https://nspires.nasaprs.com/external/solicitations/summary.do?solId=%7b40DCE90A-0924-7D5B-55E2-CC98DD824A5C%7d&path=&method=init\">A.62 FarmFlux Science Team (ST)\u003C/a>. NOIs are requested by January 17, 2025, and proposals are due  March 7, 2025.",{"name":296,"attributes":318},{"anchor":12,"content":319,"dropCap":28},"Associated with this program element, an opportunity for expressions of interest in no-cost contributions that are not critical to addressing FarmFlux’s main objectives is also being released as \u003Ca href=\"https://nspires.nasaprs.com/external/solicitations/summary.do?solId=%7bEC8C9A0F-F4EB-E48E-1B2D-10FEA1FAE8D6%7d&path=&method=init\">NNH25ZDA007L\u003C/a>. Contributions that are critical to addressing FarmFlux’s main objectives must be submitted to the \u003Ca href=\"https://nspires.nasaprs.com/external/solicitations/summary.do?solId=%7b40DCE90A-0924-7D5B-55E2-CC98DD824A5C%7d&path=&method=init\">A.62 Farm Flux ST\u003C/a> program element.",{"name":296,"attributes":321},{"anchor":12,"content":322,"dropCap":28},"On or about November, 21 2024, this Amendment to the NASA Research Announcement \"Research Opportunities in Space and Earth Sciences (ROSES) 2024\" (NNH24ZDA001N) will be posted on the NASA research opportunity homepage at \u003Ca href=\"https://solicitation.nasaprs.com/ROSES2024\">https://solicitation.nasaprs.com/ROSES2024\u003C/a>",{"name":296,"attributes":324},{"anchor":12,"content":325,"dropCap":28},"Questions concerning \u003Ca href=\"https://nspires.nasaprs.com/external/solicitations/summary.do?solId=%7b40DCE90A-0924-7D5B-55E2-CC98DD824A5C%7d&path=&method=init\">A.62 Farm Flux ST\u003C/a> may be directed to Glenn Wolfe at \u003Ca href=\"mailto:glenn.m.wolfe@nasa.gov?subject=FarmFlux%20ST\">glenn.m.wolfe@nasa.gov\u003C/a> and Ryan Pavlick at \u003Ca href=\"mailto:ryan.p.pavlick@nasa.gov?subject=FarmFlux%20ST\">ryan.p.pavlick@nasa.gov\u003C/a>.",{"name":327,"attributes":328},"nasa-blocks/related-articles",{"align":89,"anchor":12,"countdown":90,"linkId":329,"more_link":331,"related_articles":332},{"id":330,"title":27,"kind":27,"type":27,"url":27,"external":113,"target":114},773,"All Crewed Missions",[333,350,364],{"id":334,"excerpt":27,"featuredImg":335,"link":347,"title":348,"read_time":70,"time_ago":349},436275,{"id":336,"url":337,"alt":338,"caption":339,"credits":340,"fit":341,"zoom":119,"focalPoint":342,"parallax":344,"detail_link":27,"contentType":79,"width":345,"height":346},436303,"https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/citizen-science/highlights/2024/fjordPhyto_group_participants.jpg?w=1170&h=874&fit=clip&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint","A group of smiling people in cold-weather gear and life jackets pose on a boat surrounded by icy waters. They are holding scientific equipment, including a plankton net and collection bottles, with yellow bins and an orange traffic cone visible in the foreground.","FjordPhyto participants playing in an incredible phytoplankton bloom surrounded by early season sea ice at Damoy on the Antarctic Peninsula. They share knowledge with one another and take samples to better understand and protect Antarctica.","Allison Cusick","cover",{"x":343,"y":343},0.5,"no",1170,874,"https://science.nasa.gov/get-involved/citizen-science/this-thanksgiving-were-grateful-for-nasas-amateur-scientists/","This Thanksgiving, We’re Grateful for NASA’s Volunteer Scientists!","20 hours",{"id":351,"excerpt":27,"featuredImg":352,"link":361,"title":362,"read_time":70,"time_ago":363},435609,{"id":353,"url":354,"alt":355,"caption":356,"credits":357,"fit":341,"zoom":119,"focalPoint":358,"parallax":344,"detail_link":27,"contentType":79,"width":359,"height":360},435614,"https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/galaxies/spiral/Hubble_UGC10043_potw2447a.jpg?w=2419&h=2499&fit=clip&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint","A spiral galaxy seen directly from the side, such that its disk looks like a narrow diagonal band across the image. A band of dark dust covers the disk in the center most of the way out to the ends, and the disk glows around that. In the center of the galaxy, a whitish circle of light bulges out above and below the disk. Each end of the disk curves slightly. The background is black and mostly empty.","This NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope image features a spiral galaxy, named UGC 10043. We don’t see the galaxy’s spiral arms because we are seeing it from the side. Located roughly 150 million light-years from Earth in the constellation Serpens, UGC 10043 is one of the somewhat rare spiral galaxies that we see edge-on. This edge-on viewpoint makes the galaxy’s disk appear as a sharp line through space, with its prominent dust lanes forming thick bands of clouds that obscure our view of the galaxy’s glow. If we could fly above the galaxy, viewing it from the top down, we would see this dust scattered across UGC 10043, possibly outlining its spiral arms. Despite the dust’s obscuring nature, some active star-forming regions shine out from behind the dark clouds. We can also see that the galaxy’s center sports a glowing, almost egg-shaped ‘bulge’, rising far above and below the disk. All spiral galaxies have a bulge similar to this one as part of their structure. These bulges hold stars that orbit the galactic center on paths above and below the whirling disk; it’s a feature that isn’t normally obvious in pictures of galaxies. The unusually large size of this bulge compared to the galaxy’s disk is possibly due to UGC 10043 siphoning material from a nearby dwarf galaxy. This may also be why its disk appears warped, bending up at one end and down at the other. Like most full-color Hubble images, this image is a composite, made up of several individual snapshots taken by Hubble at different times, each capturing different wavelengths of light. One notable aspect of this image is that the two sets of data that comprise this image were collected 23 years apart, in 2000 and 2023! Hubble’s longevity doesn’t just afford us the ability to produce new and better images of old targets; it also provides a long-term archive of data which only becomes more and more useful to astronomers.","ESA/Hubble & NASA, R. Windhorst, W. Keel",{"x":343,"y":343},2419,2499,"https://science.nasa.gov/missions/hubble/hubble-captures-an-edge-on-spiral-with-curve-appeal/","Hubble Captures an Edge-On Spiral with Curve Appeal","5 days",{"id":365,"excerpt":27,"featuredImg":366,"link":375,"title":376,"read_time":377,"time_ago":84},435584,{"id":367,"url":368,"alt":369,"caption":370,"credits":371,"fit":341,"zoom":119,"focalPoint":372,"parallax":344,"detail_link":27,"contentType":79,"width":373,"height":374},435645,"https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/stars/artist-concepts/Hubble_FUOrionis_STScI-01JD10SWK9VB6MQ9440ERZ8QP0.jpg?w=4534&h=2550&fit=clip&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint","Artist's concept of early stages of the young star FU Orionis outburst. The star, a bright yellow sphere near the center, and its fluffy disk of gas and dust are slightly tilted, extending from the top left corner to the bottom right. The swirling disk is bright yellow close to the star and gradually transitions to dark orange moving toward the edges of the frame. The top left and right corners reveal a black, starless background.","This is an artist's concept of the early stages of the young star FU Orionis (FU Ori) outburst, surrounded by a disk of material. A team of astronomers has used the Hubble Space Telescope's ultraviolet capabilities to learn more about the interaction between FU Ori's stellar surface and the accretion disk that has been dumping gas onto the growing star for nearly 90 years. They found that the inner disk, touching the star, is much hotter than expected—16,000 kelvins—nearly three times our Sun's surface temperature. That sizzling temperature is nearly twice as hot as previously believed.","NASA-JPL, Caltech",{"x":343,"y":343},4534,2550,"https://science.nasa.gov/missions/hubble/nasas-hubble-finds-sizzling-details-about-young-star-fu-orionis/","NASA’s Hubble Finds Sizzling Details About Young Star FU Orionis",5,{"name":379,"attributes":380},"nasa-blocks/topic-cards",{"align":89,"anchor":12,"heading":381,"label":382,"cards":383},"Discover More Topics From NASA","Keep Exploring",[384,395,407,416],{"id":385,"excerpt":27,"featuredImg":386,"link":391,"title":392,"read_time":393,"time_ago":394},"107570",{"id":387,"url":388,"alt":12,"caption":12,"credits":12,"fit":341,"zoom":119,"focalPoint":389,"parallax":344,"detail_link":27,"contentType":79,"width":390,"height":77},153347,"https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/psd/solar/2023/09/e/EuropaStunningSurface1200w.jpg?w=1200&h=720&fit=clip&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint",{"x":343,"y":343},1200,"https://science.nasa.gov/jupiter/moons/europa/","Europa",1,"7 years",{"id":396,"excerpt":397,"featuredImg":398,"link":404,"title":405,"read_time":393,"time_ago":406},"19584","This rover and its aerial sidekick were assigned to study the geology of Mars and seek signs of ancient microbial life, collect samples of rock and soil for their possible return to Earth, and demonstrate the technology of the Ingenuity helicopter – the first aircraft to make a powered, controlled flight on another planet.",{"id":399,"url":400,"alt":12,"caption":12,"credits":12,"fit":341,"zoom":119,"focalPoint":401,"parallax":344,"detail_link":27,"contentType":79,"width":402,"height":403},19586,"https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/jpegpia24836.height-1024-jpg.webp?w=1024",{"x":343,"y":343},1024,576,"https://science.nasa.gov/perseverance-rover/","Perseverance Rover","2 years",{"id":408,"excerpt":409,"featuredImg":410,"link":414,"title":415,"read_time":393,"time_ago":406},"19592","On a mission to “touch the Sun,” NASA's Parker Solar Probe became the first spacecraft to fly through the corona – the Sun’s upper atmosphere – in 2021. With every orbit, the probe faces brutal heat and radiation to provide humanity with unprecedented observations of the only star we can study up close.",{"id":411,"url":412,"alt":12,"caption":12,"credits":12,"fit":341,"zoom":119,"focalPoint":413,"parallax":344,"detail_link":27,"contentType":79,"width":402,"height":402},19594,"https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/observingsunposter-jpg.webp?w=1024",{"x":343,"y":343},"https://science.nasa.gov/parker-solar-probe/","Parker Solar Probe",{"id":417,"excerpt":418,"featuredImg":419,"link":424,"title":425,"read_time":393,"time_ago":406},"19597","NASA’s Juno spacecraft entered orbit around Jupiter in 2016, the first explorer to peer below the planet's dense clouds to answer questions about the gas giant and the origins of our solar system. 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