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The continuous work by Syriac scholars on Greek scientific and philosophical<br />texts in the 7th–10th centuries shows the availability of Greek manuscripts in the East, even beyond<br />the Roman-Sasanian border. Syriac literature can help understand the transformation of Hellenism<br />and the constitution of a cultural koine in other languages than Greek. A Christian as well as more<br />specifically Syrian Hellenism blended the cultural idioms of Greek and “oriental” culture. Not only<br />did Greek culture survive, but it spread in the Arabic polity and ultimately re-emerged in Byzantium<br />from the shelves of the Byzantine libraries. Oblivion of classical “pagan” literature was parallel to the<br />transmission of a new canonised knowledge in Syriac and then Arabic but was ultimately reversed:<br />not so much thanks to the “return” of Greek manuscripts and texts from the East however as from a<br />competition over the appropriation of ancient Greek culture beyond Christianity.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/35516937" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="7540c5d49310465192c972716ac8b928" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":58306043,"asset_id":35516937,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58306043/download_file?st=MTc0MDk1ODM0OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="243986" href="https://ephe.academia.edu/MurielDebie">Muriel Debié</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="243986" type="text/json">{"id":243986,"first_name":"Muriel","last_name":"Debié","domain_name":"ephe","page_name":"MurielDebie","display_name":"Muriel Debié","profile_url":"https://ephe.academia.edu/MurielDebie?f_ri=17003","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/243986/52940/38824372/s65_muriel.debi_.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_35516937 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="35516937"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 35516937, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_35516937", }); 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The continuous work by Syriac scholars on Greek scientific and philosophical\ntexts in the 7th–10th centuries shows the availability of Greek manuscripts in the East, even beyond\nthe Roman-Sasanian border. Syriac literature can help understand the transformation of Hellenism\nand the constitution of a cultural koine in other languages than Greek. A Christian as well as more\nspecifically Syrian Hellenism blended the cultural idioms of Greek and “oriental” culture. Not only\ndid Greek culture survive, but it spread in the Arabic polity and ultimately re-emerged in Byzantium\nfrom the shelves of the Byzantine libraries. Oblivion of classical “pagan” literature was parallel to the\ntransmission of a new canonised knowledge in Syriac and then Arabic but was ultimately reversed:\nnot so much thanks to the “return” of Greek manuscripts and texts from the East however as from a\ncompetition over the appropriation of ancient Greek culture beyond Christianity.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":58306043,"asset_id":35516937,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":243986,"first_name":"Muriel","last_name":"Debié","domain_name":"ephe","page_name":"MurielDebie","display_name":"Muriel Debié","profile_url":"https://ephe.academia.edu/MurielDebie?f_ri=17003","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/243986/52940/38824372/s65_muriel.debi_.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":991,"name":"Late Antique and Byzantine Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Late_Antique_and_Byzantine_Studies?f_ri=17003","nofollow":true},{"id":11150,"name":"Islamic 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href="https://www.academia.edu/36606385/Quelle_tradition_orale_aux_origines_de_lislam_">Quelle tradition orale aux origines de l'islam ?</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">▶ L'authenticité du texte coranique repose sur l'efficacité de la tradition orale islamique, qui aurait permis de le transmettre à l'identique depuis la mort du prophète de l'islam ▶ La découverte de manuscrits coraniques anciens met... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_36606385" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">▶ L'authenticité du texte coranique repose sur l'efficacité de la tradition orale islamique, qui aurait permis de le transmettre à l'identique depuis la mort du prophète de l'islam <br /> <br />▶ La découverte de manuscrits coraniques anciens met en cause la plausibilité du récit de cette transmission orale, en montrant par des preuves matérielles que le texte coranique a subi tout un processus d'écriture, de correction et de réécriture <br /> <br />▶ L'étude critique de la tradition orale supposée qui aurait permis la transmission des hadiths révèle en fait que l'on a à faire non à une tradition orale mais bel et bien à une tradition écrite <br /> <br />▶ Le Coran et la tradition de l'islam procèdent en fait d'un processus d'écriture centralisée, dirigé par le pouvoir califal.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/36606385" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div 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permis la transmission des hadiths révèle en fait que l'on a à faire non à une tradition orale mais bel et bien à une tradition écrite\r\n\r\n▶ Le Coran et la tradition de l'islam procèdent en fait d'un processus d'écriture centralisée, dirigé par le pouvoir califal.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":86056177,"asset_id":36606385,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":19265955,"first_name":"Odon","last_name":"Lafontaine","domain_name":"essec","page_name":"OdonLafontaine","display_name":"Odon Lafontaine","profile_url":"https://essec.academia.edu/OdonLafontaine?f_ri=17003","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/19265955/5372245/81964189/s65_odon.lafontaine.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":7540,"name":"Oral Traditions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oral_Traditions?f_ri=17003","nofollow":true},{"id":7983,"name":"Quranic 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","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quranic_manuscript?f_ri=17003"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_24639434" data-work_id="24639434" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/24639434/M_A_Thesis_The_Qur_anic_%E1%B8%A4an%C4%ABfiyya_and_its_Role_as_a_Middle_Nation">M.A. Thesis: The Qur’anic Ḥanīfiyya and its Role as a Middle Nation</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">A comparative linguistic study and historical textual analysis of the word "hanif" and "hanifiyah", one of the most obscure and misunderstood words in the Arabic Quran and in translation. The study is interpreted through an evolutionary... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_24639434" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">A comparative linguistic study and historical textual analysis of the word "hanif" and "hanifiyah", one of the most obscure and misunderstood words in the Arabic Quran and in translation. The study is interpreted through an evolutionary framework.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/24639434" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b638df8f6a1c00a16f823d9549e32eb7" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":54417699,"asset_id":24639434,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/54417699/download_file?st=MTc0MDk1ODM0OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2755771" href="https://osu1.academia.edu/JoannaBell">Joanna Bell</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2755771" type="text/json">{"id":2755771,"first_name":"Joanna","last_name":"Bell","domain_name":"osu1","page_name":"JoannaBell","display_name":"Joanna Bell","profile_url":"https://osu1.academia.edu/JoannaBell?f_ri=17003","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2755771/12526702/146499787/s65_joanna.bell.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_24639434 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="24639434"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 24639434, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_24639434", }); 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The study is interpreted through an evolutionary framework.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":54417699,"asset_id":24639434,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2755771,"first_name":"Joanna","last_name":"Bell","domain_name":"osu1","page_name":"JoannaBell","display_name":"Joanna Bell","profile_url":"https://osu1.academia.edu/JoannaBell?f_ri=17003","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2755771/12526702/146499787/s65_joanna.bell.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2015,"name":"Middle East Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_East_Studies?f_ri=17003","nofollow":true},{"id":11150,"name":"Islamic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Studies?f_ri=17003","nofollow":true},{"id":17003,"name":"Early Islam","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Islam?f_ri=17003","nofollow":true},{"id":27669,"name":"Quran","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quran?f_ri=17003","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_36211858" data-work_id="36211858" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/36211858/JEWISH_CHRISTIANITY_AND_ISLAMIC_ORIGINS_THE_TRANSFORMATION_OF_A_PERIPHERAL_RELIGIOUS_MOVEMENT">JEWISH-CHRISTIANITY AND ISLAMIC ORIGINS. THE TRANSFORMATION OF A PERIPHERAL RELIGIOUS MOVEMENT?</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">@BREPOLS PUBLISHERS. 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This is only the first page of this paper (title and 1st paragraph).\r\n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":56113580,"asset_id":36211858,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1265090,"first_name":"Francisco","last_name":"del Rio Sanchez","domain_name":"ucm","page_name":"FranciscodelRioSanchez","display_name":"Francisco del Rio Sanchez","profile_url":"https://ucm.academia.edu/FranciscodelRioSanchez?f_ri=17003","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1265090/463726/581963/s65_francisco.del_r_o_s_nchez.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":6869,"name":"Qur'anic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quranic_Studies?f_ri=17003","nofollow":true},{"id":7983,"name":"Quranic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quranic_Studies-1?f_ri=17003","nofollow":true},{"id":11076,"name":"Late Antiquity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Late_Antiquity?f_ri=17003","nofollow":true},{"id":17003,"name":"Early Islam","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Islam?f_ri=17003","nofollow":true},{"id":26445,"name":"Judaism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Judaism?f_ri=17003"},{"id":612714,"name":"Jewish-Christianity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jewish-Christianity?f_ri=17003"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_34914728" data-work_id="34914728" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/34914728/The_Sira_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A9_">The Sira (السيرة النبوية)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This essay presents the positivist perception of the prophetic biography (sīra) and early Islamic historiography as capable of yielding hard historical data against the background of skeptical approaches to the Islamic literary sources... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_34914728" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This essay presents the positivist perception of the prophetic biography (sīra) and early Islamic historiography as capable of yielding hard historical data against the background of skeptical approaches to the Islamic literary sources and compares it with external literary, epigraphic, and numismatic evidence. The essay calls for a systematic use of modern-day classifying categories, such as ‘myth’, ‘legend’, and ‘saga,’ which can be epistemologically misleading, if applied on sīra traditions in an undisciplined manner. At the end of the essay, I have attached my translation into Arabic of its part “Sīra and Poetry”.<br /><br />Keywords: sira, prophetic biography, myth, legend, Geistesbeschäftigung, salvation history, isnad-cum-matn analysis, fictionalization, epigraphic evidence, numismatic evidence.<br />====================================================================================================================<br />أقارن في هذا المقال بين النظرة الإيجابية في السيرة النبوية والمصادر التاريخية المبكرة، وهي نظرة قائبة بأنّه من شأن هذه المؤلفات توفير المعلومات التاريخية الثابتة، من جهة، وبين النظرة الارتيابية في المصادر ذاتها، من جهة أخرى، مستنجدا بالقرائن الخارجية من الأدبية والنقشية والنُّمِّية. كما أني أدعو إلى الاستعمال المنضبط لمفاهيم التصنيف الأدبي كـ"الميث" و"الأسطورة" و"الساغا" التي قد تؤدي الى متاهة منهجية حالَ تطبيقها العشوائي بالنسبة للسيرة النبوية. وفي نهاية المقال يجد القارئ ترجمتي إلى اللغة العربية للفصل "السيرة والشعر".</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/34914728" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="1abf65fdab03d3365364a90443f50892" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":54775989,"asset_id":34914728,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/54775989/download_file?st=MTc0MDk1ODM0OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="484385" href="https://uni-sofia.academia.edu/PavelPavlovitch">Pavel Pavlovitch</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="484385" type="text/json">{"id":484385,"first_name":"Pavel","last_name":"Pavlovitch","domain_name":"uni-sofia","page_name":"PavelPavlovitch","display_name":"Pavel Pavlovitch","profile_url":"https://uni-sofia.academia.edu/PavelPavlovitch?f_ri=17003","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/484385/374192/27183174/s65_pavel.pavlovitch.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_34914728 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="34914728"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 34914728, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_34914728", }); 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The essay calls for a systematic use of modern-day classifying categories, such as ‘myth’, ‘legend’, and ‘saga,’ which can be epistemologically misleading, if applied on sīra traditions in an undisciplined manner. At the end of the essay, I have attached my translation into Arabic of its part “Sīra and Poetry”.\n\nKeywords: sira, prophetic biography, myth, legend, Geistesbeschäftigung, salvation history, isnad-cum-matn analysis, fictionalization, epigraphic evidence, numismatic evidence.\n====================================================================================================================\nأقارن في هذا المقال بين النظرة الإيجابية في السيرة النبوية والمصادر التاريخية المبكرة، وهي نظرة قائبة بأنّه من شأن هذه المؤلفات توفير المعلومات التاريخية الثابتة، من جهة، وبين النظرة الارتيابية في المصادر ذاتها، من جهة أخرى، مستنجدا بالقرائن الخارجية من الأدبية والنقشية والنُّمِّية. كما أني أدعو إلى الاستعمال المنضبط لمفاهيم التصنيف الأدبي كـ\"الميث\" و\"الأسطورة\" و\"الساغا\" التي قد تؤدي الى متاهة منهجية حالَ تطبيقها العشوائي بالنسبة للسيرة النبوية. وفي نهاية المقال يجد القارئ ترجمتي إلى اللغة العربية للفصل \"السيرة والشعر\".","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":54775989,"asset_id":34914728,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":484385,"first_name":"Pavel","last_name":"Pavlovitch","domain_name":"uni-sofia","page_name":"PavelPavlovitch","display_name":"Pavel Pavlovitch","profile_url":"https://uni-sofia.academia.edu/PavelPavlovitch?f_ri=17003","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/484385/374192/27183174/s65_pavel.pavlovitch.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3773,"name":"Literary Criticism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Literary_Criticism?f_ri=17003","nofollow":true},{"id":14544,"name":"Islamic Numismatics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Numismatics?f_ri=17003","nofollow":true},{"id":15967,"name":"Biographical Literature of the Prophet Muhammad (Sirah Rasul Allah)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biographical_Literature_of_the_Prophet_Muhammad_Sirah_Rasul_Allah_?f_ri=17003","nofollow":true},{"id":17003,"name":"Early Islam","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Islam?f_ri=17003","nofollow":true},{"id":34415,"name":"Medieval Islamic Numismatics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Islamic_Numismatics?f_ri=17003"},{"id":42055,"name":"Early Islamic History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Islamic_History?f_ri=17003"},{"id":176767,"name":"Sirah Nabawiyah","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sirah_Nabawiyah?f_ri=17003"},{"id":251266,"name":"Islamic Epigraphy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Epigraphy?f_ri=17003"},{"id":758381,"name":"André Jolles","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Andre_Jolles?f_ri=17003"},{"id":1005280,"name":"Sirat un Nabi","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sirat_un_Nabi?f_ri=17003"},{"id":1009755,"name":"Isnad","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Isnad?f_ri=17003"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_9114669" data-work_id="9114669" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/9114669/Guy_G_Stroumsa_The_Making_of_the_Abrahamic_Religions_in_Late_Antiquity_Oxford_Oxford_University_Press_2015_">Guy G. 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In Proceedings of the Seminar for Arabian Studies 49: 247–264</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Archaeological excavations have only rarely documented the birth and development of Islamic religious architecture in the Ḥijāz and none had in Najd. In this respect, the fieldwork conducted by the Saudi-French archaeological mission in... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_39749413" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Archaeological excavations have only rarely documented the birth and development of Islamic religious architecture in the Ḥijāz and none had in Najd. In this respect, the fieldwork conducted by the Saudi-French archaeological mission in the oasis of al-Kharj (central Arabia, 2011–2017) filled this gap by discovering and excavating the Friday Mosque at al-Yamāmah, ancient Jaww al-Khaḍārim, a major city in the region of al-Yamāmah. The five-year-long project revealed a late Islamic mosque (sixteenth–eighteenth century AD). Soundings and a careful examination of its floor demonstrated that it had been laid over an early Islamic mosque (eighth–tenth century AD), itself built over pre-Islamic dwellings.<br />The stratigraphic sequence, architectural analysis, material study, and AMS radiocarbon dating at al-Yamāmah clarify the development of early Islamic Najdī religious architecture. This architecture is at the origin of a central Arabian indigenous tradition, which received little influence from outside the Peninsula and remained unchanged until recent times.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/39749413" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="fc5decf58e8d68a20bad2e326361b55c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":75040843,"asset_id":39749413,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/75040843/download_file?st=MTc0MDk1ODM0OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="5632" href="https://cnrs.academia.edu/JSchiettecatte">Jérémie Schiettecatte</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="5632" type="text/json">{"id":5632,"first_name":"Jérémie","last_name":"Schiettecatte","domain_name":"cnrs","page_name":"JSchiettecatte","display_name":"Jérémie Schiettecatte","profile_url":"https://cnrs.academia.edu/JSchiettecatte?f_ri=17003","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5632/2174/155371242/s65_j_r_mie.schiettecatte.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-39749413">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-39749413"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://orient-mediterranee.academia.edu/PierreSim%C3%A9on">Pierre SIMÉON</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-39749413'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-39749413').html(); 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Muhammad","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biography_of_the_Prophet_Muhammad?f_ri=17003"},{"id":362095,"name":"Common Link Based Isnad-Matn Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Common_Link_Based_Isnad-Matn_Analysis?f_ri=17003"},{"id":474553,"name":"Islamic Origins","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Origins?f_ri=17003"},{"id":1019143,"name":"The Hadith","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Hadith?f_ri=17003"},{"id":1019145,"name":"Koran \u0026 Koran Exegesis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Koran_and_Koran_Exegesis?f_ri=17003"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_1534641" data-work_id="1534641" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1534641/J_Wansbrough_and_the_Problem_of_Islamic_Origins_in_Recent_Scholarship_A_Farewell_to_the_Traditional_Account_2012_Book_Chapter">J. Wansbrough and the Problem of Islamic Origins in Recent Scholarship: A Farewell to the Traditional Account [2012] / Book Chapter</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In a recent study dealing with the historical setting and the literary development of ancient narratives on a concrete subject, John van Seters has rightly made the point that "[t]oo often a social and historical context is put forward,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_1534641" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In a recent study dealing with the historical setting and the literary development of ancient narratives on a concrete subject, John van Seters has rightly made the point that "[t]oo often a social and historical context is put forward, and then the narrative sources are made to fit this context, and finally the fit is used to confirm the reality of the historical context-a complete circularity of argument". 1 Accordingly, he writes, "[a]ny search for a controlling for narrative sources or background must establish a sufficient level of confidence outside this hermeneutical circle to be effective." 2 Perhaps there is no other field of study in which such circularity of argument has by and large prevailed in past and present scholarship as that of the rise and early development of the Islamic faith and its scriptural (both religious and historiographical) corpus. Regardless of the very late date of the earliest Muslim writings and in spite of the lack of other textual sources that could validate them, they are usually taken to describe with a certain measure of accuracy the hypothetical-in fact not at all clear-events they depict, which, in 1 Seters, J. van.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/1534641" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="5d200e38f5c8f0de47bb1f4971cc7352" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":12707707,"asset_id":1534641,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/12707707/download_file?st=MTc0MDk1ODM0OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="394782" href="https://slu.academia.edu/CarlosSegovia">Carlos Segovia</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="394782" type="text/json">{"id":394782,"first_name":"Carlos","last_name":"Segovia","domain_name":"slu","page_name":"CarlosSegovia","display_name":"Carlos Segovia","profile_url":"https://slu.academia.edu/CarlosSegovia?f_ri=17003","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/394782/578537/153946041/s65_carlos.segovia.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_1534641 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="1534641"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 1534641, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_1534641", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=1534641]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_1534641").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_1534641").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="1534641"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="106" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion">Religion</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="106" type="text/json">{"id":106,"name":"Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion?f_ri=17003","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="540" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Law">Islamic Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="540" type="text/json">{"id":540,"name":"Islamic Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Law?f_ri=17003","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3524" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historiography">Historiography</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3524" type="text/json">{"id":3524,"name":"Historiography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historiography?f_ri=17003","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6869" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quranic_Studies">Qur'anic Studies</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="6869" type="text/json">{"id":6869,"name":"Qur'anic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quranic_Studies?f_ri=17003","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=1534641]'), work: {"id":1534641,"title":"J. Wansbrough and the Problem of Islamic Origins in Recent Scholarship: A Farewell to the Traditional Account [2012] / Book Chapter","created_at":"2012-05-03T19:32:22.597-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/1534641/J_Wansbrough_and_the_Problem_of_Islamic_Origins_in_Recent_Scholarship_A_Farewell_to_the_Traditional_Account_2012_Book_Chapter?f_ri=17003","dom_id":"work_1534641","summary":"In a recent study dealing with the historical setting and the literary development of ancient narratives on a concrete subject, John van Seters has rightly made the point that \"[t]oo often a social and historical context is put forward, and then the narrative sources are made to fit this context, and finally the fit is used to confirm the reality of the historical context-a complete circularity of argument\". 1 Accordingly, he writes, \"[a]ny search for a controlling for narrative sources or background must establish a sufficient level of confidence outside this hermeneutical circle to be effective.\" 2 Perhaps there is no other field of study in which such circularity of argument has by and large prevailed in past and present scholarship as that of the rise and early development of the Islamic faith and its scriptural (both religious and historiographical) corpus. Regardless of the very late date of the earliest Muslim writings and in spite of the lack of other textual sources that could validate them, they are usually taken to describe with a certain measure of accuracy the hypothetical-in fact not at all clear-events they depict, which, in 1 Seters, J. van.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":12707707,"asset_id":1534641,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":394782,"first_name":"Carlos","last_name":"Segovia","domain_name":"slu","page_name":"CarlosSegovia","display_name":"Carlos Segovia","profile_url":"https://slu.academia.edu/CarlosSegovia?f_ri=17003","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/394782/578537/153946041/s65_carlos.segovia.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":106,"name":"Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion?f_ri=17003","nofollow":true},{"id":540,"name":"Islamic Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Law?f_ri=17003","nofollow":true},{"id":3524,"name":"Historiography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historiography?f_ri=17003","nofollow":true},{"id":6869,"name":"Qur'anic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quranic_Studies?f_ri=17003","nofollow":true},{"id":17003,"name":"Early Islam","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Islam?f_ri=17003"},{"id":42055,"name":"Early Islamic History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Islamic_History?f_ri=17003"},{"id":48550,"name":"Religious Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religious_Studies?f_ri=17003"},{"id":116844,"name":"Qur'an","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quran-3?f_ri=17003"},{"id":165257,"name":"Islamic Historiography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Historiography?f_ri=17003"},{"id":474553,"name":"Islamic Origins","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Origins?f_ri=17003"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_69970087" data-work_id="69970087" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/69970087/THE_JEWISH_SERPENT_KING_IN_THE_DOME_OF_THE_ROCK_Primary_Evidence_Big_Daddy_of_Inscriptions_A_Colossal_Fraud_2022_updated_2023_24_25">THE JEWISH SERPENT KING IN THE DOME OF THE ROCK. Primary Evidence: 'Big Daddy' of Inscriptions A Colossal Fraud - 2022, updated 2023, 24, 25</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This paper is an abject lesson in how communal memory can be formed hundreds of years after the fact through substituting knowledge with organized religion. A curious visitor read back the content of the dedicatory inscription inside the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_69970087" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This paper is an abject lesson in how communal memory can be formed hundreds of years after the fact through substituting knowledge with organized religion. A curious visitor read back the content of the dedicatory inscription inside the Dome of the Rock and took a transcript in Arabic – only that it happens in unexpected ways during a time far from any suspicion of a monumental fraud. <br /> <br />The primary evidence in this presentation demonstrates that mosaics and inscriptions are creations during the Ottoman era. The Templum Domini from the Crusades was replaced by Saladin. It also shows that architects of olden times achieved what modern architects long deemed impossible: they completely replaced the inner drum from the ground up to the cupola. <br /> <br />The 2025 update shifts Anastasius' testimony from the 690s to the 670s AD and aligns his observations from 30 years earlier with Umar's mosque project.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/69970087" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="dd8a6a81bf0bd6dce5e59d53ad6ed8c7" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":121303496,"asset_id":69970087,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/121303496/download_file?st=MTc0MDk1ODM0OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1782759" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AjDeus">A.J. 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Primary Evidence: 'Big Daddy' of Inscriptions A Colossal Fraud - 2022, updated 2023, 24, 25","created_at":"2022-01-29T15:07:09.235-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/69970087/THE_JEWISH_SERPENT_KING_IN_THE_DOME_OF_THE_ROCK_Primary_Evidence_Big_Daddy_of_Inscriptions_A_Colossal_Fraud_2022_updated_2023_24_25?f_ri=17003","dom_id":"work_69970087","summary":"This paper is an abject lesson in how communal memory can be formed hundreds of years after the fact through substituting knowledge with organized religion. A curious visitor read back the content of the dedicatory inscription inside the Dome of the Rock and took a transcript in Arabic – only that it happens in unexpected ways during a time far from any suspicion of a monumental fraud. \r\n\r\nThe primary evidence in this presentation demonstrates that mosaics and inscriptions are creations during the Ottoman era. The Templum Domini from the Crusades was replaced by Saladin. It also shows that architects of olden times achieved what modern architects long deemed impossible: they completely replaced the inner drum from the ground up to the cupola.\r\n\r\nThe 2025 update shifts Anastasius' testimony from the 690s to the 670s AD and aligns his observations from 30 years earlier with Umar's mosque project.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":121303496,"asset_id":69970087,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1782759,"first_name":"A.J.","last_name":"Deus","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AjDeus","display_name":"A.J. Deus","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AjDeus?f_ri=17003","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1782759/610126/12257003/s65_a.j..deus.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":136,"name":"Cultural History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_History?f_ri=17003","nofollow":true},{"id":137,"name":"Economic History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_History?f_ri=17003","nofollow":true},{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=17003","nofollow":true},{"id":2059,"name":"History of Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Religion?f_ri=17003","nofollow":true},{"id":11150,"name":"Islamic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Studies?f_ri=17003"},{"id":12391,"name":"History of Islam","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Islam?f_ri=17003"},{"id":14288,"name":"History of the Islamic World","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_the_Islamic_World?f_ri=17003"},{"id":14824,"name":"Anti-Semitism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anti-Semitism?f_ri=17003"},{"id":15800,"name":"Islamic History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_History?f_ri=17003"},{"id":17003,"name":"Early Islam","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Islam?f_ri=17003"},{"id":26299,"name":"Early Islamic Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Islamic_Archaeology?f_ri=17003"},{"id":27014,"name":"Jewish Messianism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jewish_Messianism?f_ri=17003"},{"id":31186,"name":"Early and Medieval Islamic Art and Architecture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_and_Medieval_Islamic_Art_and_Architecture?f_ri=17003"},{"id":109910,"name":"Umayyad and Abbasid History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Umayyad_and_Abbasid_History?f_ri=17003"},{"id":111233,"name":"Nestorianism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nestorianism?f_ri=17003"},{"id":759153,"name":"medieval islam and Judaism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/medieval_islam_and_Judaism?f_ri=17003"},{"id":806053,"name":"Al-Masjid Al-Aqsa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Al-Masjid_Al-Aqsa?f_ri=17003"},{"id":889519,"name":"The Dome of the Rock","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Dome_of_the_Rock?f_ri=17003"},{"id":1019152,"name":"History of Judaism In Antiquity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Judaism_In_Antiquity?f_ri=17003"},{"id":3444300,"name":"The Temple Mount","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Temple_Mount?f_ri=17003"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_43376330" data-work_id="43376330" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/43376330/Badania_nad_historyczno_doktrynaln%C4%85_genez%C4%85_islamu_Bruno_Bonnet_Eymard_i_francuska_szko%C5%82a_sceptycyzmu_naukowego">Badania nad historyczno-doktrynalną genezą islamu - Bruno Bonnet-Eymard i francuska szkoła sceptycyzmu naukowego</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Title in English: "Studies on the the historical and doctrinal genesis of Islam - Bruno Bonnet-Eymard and the French school of scholarly skepticism" ENG. The article presents briefly the scholarly theory on the historical and dogmatic... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_43376330" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Title in English: "Studies on the the historical and doctrinal genesis of Islam - Bruno Bonnet-Eymard and the French school of scholarly skepticism"<br /><br />ENG. The article presents briefly the scholarly theory on the historical and dogmatic origins of Islam by the modern French researcher Bruno Bonnet-Eymard, with an attempt to classify its place in the modern field of Islamic studies. The result of over thirty years of Bonnet-Eymard’s work is his translation of the first five Qur’anic suras into French, with their comprehensive critical edition, prepared on the basis of his own philological, historical and theological exegesis. Bonnet-Eymard, belonging to the Islamicist skeptical school, attempts to read the Arabic Qur’anic text also from the perspective of other Semitic languages - mainly Hebrew and Syriac. Regardless of the flaws and merits of Bonnet-Eymard’s exegesis it surely is a valuable source of scholarly insights, conclusions and linguistic remarks that cannot be overestimated for modern critical studies of the Qur’anic text.<br /><br />PL. Artykuł przedstawia pokrótce teorię naukową współczesnego francuskiego badacza Bruno Bonnet-Eymard dotyczącą historyczno-dogmatycznej genezy islamu, wraz z jej miejscem we współczesnej islamistyce. Owocem trzydziestu lat jego pracy jest tłumaczenie kilku pierwszych sur Koranu na język francuski, wraz z ich obszernym wydaniem krytycznym, opracowanym na podstawie własnej egzegezy filologicznej, historycznej i teologicznej. Bonnet-Eymard, należący do szkoły islamistów-sceptyków, odczytuje arabski tekst koraniczny również przez pryzmat innych języków semickich – głównie hebrajskiego i syryjskiego. Niezależnie od meritum wysnutych wniosków, egzegeza Bonnet-Eymard stanowi kopalnię wartościowych spostrzeżeń, wniosków i skojarzeń językowych nie do przecenienia dla krytyczno-naukowych studiów nad tekstem koranicznym.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/43376330" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="19f904fd3b218c146c1a395ebd049497" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":63669504,"asset_id":43376330,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/63669504/download_file?st=MTc0MDk1ODM0OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="78449582" href="https://uw.academia.edu/MarcinGrodzki">Marcin Grodzki</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="78449582" type="text/json">{"id":78449582,"first_name":"Marcin","last_name":"Grodzki","domain_name":"uw","page_name":"MarcinGrodzki","display_name":"Marcin Grodzki","profile_url":"https://uw.academia.edu/MarcinGrodzki?f_ri=17003","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/78449582/23021861/22147626/s65_marcin.grodzki.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_43376330 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="43376330"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 43376330, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_43376330", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=43376330]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_43376330").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_43376330").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="43376330"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">20</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2015" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_East_Studies">Middle East Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2015" type="text/json">{"id":2015,"name":"Middle East Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_East_Studies?f_ri=17003","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2603" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_East_History">Middle East History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2603" type="text/json">{"id":2603,"name":"Middle East History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_East_History?f_ri=17003","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2722" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arabic_Language_and_Linguistics">Arabic Language and Linguistics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2722" type="text/json">{"id":2722,"name":"Arabic Language and Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arabic_Language_and_Linguistics?f_ri=17003","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6869" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quranic_Studies">Qur'anic Studies</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="6869" type="text/json">{"id":6869,"name":"Qur'anic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quranic_Studies?f_ri=17003","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=43376330]'), work: {"id":43376330,"title":"Badania nad historyczno-doktrynalną genezą islamu - Bruno Bonnet-Eymard i francuska szkoła sceptycyzmu naukowego","created_at":"2020-06-18T07:45:47.047-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/43376330/Badania_nad_historyczno_doktrynaln%C4%85_genez%C4%85_islamu_Bruno_Bonnet_Eymard_i_francuska_szko%C5%82a_sceptycyzmu_naukowego?f_ri=17003","dom_id":"work_43376330","summary":"Title in English: \"Studies on the the historical and doctrinal genesis of Islam - Bruno Bonnet-Eymard and the French school of scholarly skepticism\"\n\nENG. The article presents briefly the scholarly theory on the historical and dogmatic origins of Islam by the modern French researcher Bruno Bonnet-Eymard, with an attempt to classify its place in the modern field of Islamic studies. The result of over thirty years of Bonnet-Eymard’s work is his translation of the first five Qur’anic suras into French, with their comprehensive critical edition, prepared on the basis of his own philological, historical and theological exegesis. Bonnet-Eymard, belonging to the Islamicist skeptical school, attempts to read the Arabic Qur’anic text also from the perspective of other Semitic languages - mainly Hebrew and Syriac. Regardless of the flaws and merits of Bonnet-Eymard’s exegesis it surely is a valuable source of scholarly insights, conclusions and linguistic remarks that cannot be overestimated for modern critical studies of the Qur’anic text.\n\nPL. Artykuł przedstawia pokrótce teorię naukową współczesnego francuskiego badacza Bruno Bonnet-Eymard dotyczącą historyczno-dogmatycznej genezy islamu, wraz z jej miejscem we współczesnej islamistyce. Owocem trzydziestu lat jego pracy jest tłumaczenie kilku pierwszych sur Koranu na język francuski, wraz z ich obszernym wydaniem krytycznym, opracowanym na podstawie własnej egzegezy filologicznej, historycznej i teologicznej. Bonnet-Eymard, należący do szkoły islamistów-sceptyków, odczytuje arabski tekst koraniczny również przez pryzmat innych języków semickich – głównie hebrajskiego i syryjskiego. Niezależnie od meritum wysnutych wniosków, egzegeza Bonnet-Eymard stanowi kopalnię wartościowych spostrzeżeń, wniosków i skojarzeń językowych nie do przecenienia dla krytyczno-naukowych studiów nad tekstem koranicznym. \n\n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":63669504,"asset_id":43376330,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":78449582,"first_name":"Marcin","last_name":"Grodzki","domain_name":"uw","page_name":"MarcinGrodzki","display_name":"Marcin Grodzki","profile_url":"https://uw.academia.edu/MarcinGrodzki?f_ri=17003","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/78449582/23021861/22147626/s65_marcin.grodzki.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2015,"name":"Middle East Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_East_Studies?f_ri=17003","nofollow":true},{"id":2603,"name":"Middle East History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_East_History?f_ri=17003","nofollow":true},{"id":2722,"name":"Arabic Language and Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arabic_Language_and_Linguistics?f_ri=17003","nofollow":true},{"id":6869,"name":"Qur'anic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quranic_Studies?f_ri=17003","nofollow":true},{"id":11076,"name":"Late Antiquity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Late_Antiquity?f_ri=17003"},{"id":11150,"name":"Islamic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Studies?f_ri=17003"},{"id":15800,"name":"Islamic History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_History?f_ri=17003"},{"id":17003,"name":"Early Islam","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Islam?f_ri=17003"},{"id":42055,"name":"Early Islamic History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Islamic_History?f_ri=17003"},{"id":45018,"name":"Islamic History and Muslim Civilization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_History_and_Muslim_Civilization?f_ri=17003"},{"id":47698,"name":"Quranic Exegesis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quranic_Exegesis?f_ri=17003"},{"id":61201,"name":"Qur'anic Hermeneutics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quranic_Hermeneutics?f_ri=17003"},{"id":106348,"name":"Quranic and Islamic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quranic_and_Islamic_Studies?f_ri=17003"},{"id":116844,"name":"Qur'an","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quran-3?f_ri=17003"},{"id":185404,"name":"History of Arabic Language","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Arabic_Language?f_ri=17003"},{"id":243288,"name":"Early and Classical Islamic History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_and_Classical_Islamic_History?f_ri=17003"},{"id":398451,"name":"Qur'anic Linguistics of Translation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quranic_Linguistics_of_Translation?f_ri=17003"},{"id":571509,"name":"Arabic and Islamic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arabic_and_Islamic_Studies?f_ri=17003"},{"id":987284,"name":"Qur'anic Exegetical Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quranic_Exegetical_Studies?f_ri=17003"},{"id":1223708,"name":"Qur'anic and Hadith sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quranic_and_Hadith_sciences?f_ri=17003"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_43366833" data-work_id="43366833" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/43366833/%CA%BF%C4%80%CA%BEISHA_BINT_AB%C4%AA_BAKR_MUJER_GUERRA_Y_PODER_EN_LA_ARABIA_PALEO_ISL%C3%81MICA_ANTES_DE_LA_PRIMERA_FITNA">ʿĀʾISHA BINT ABĪ BAKR: MUJER, GUERRA Y PODER EN LA ARABIA PALEO-ISLÁMICA ANTES DE LA PRIMERA FITNA</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">RESUMEN Este estudio se orienta hacia la parte menos conocida de la vida de ʿĀʾisha bint Abī Bakr, la de los años previos a la guerra civil. Me centro en su relación con lo militar en el contexto de las guerras que dieron paso al... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_43366833" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">RESUMEN Este estudio se orienta hacia la parte menos conocida de la vida de ʿĀʾisha bint Abī Bakr, la de los años previos a la guerra civil. Me centro en su relación con lo militar en el contexto de las guerras que dieron paso al nacimiento del islam como entidad política. Y lo hago tomando como eje tres momentos en los que ella aparece como protagonista directa o indirecta, y en este último caso saltando las barreras sociales. Una ʿĀʾisha más cercana a una "señora de la guerra" que a una matrona musulmana. ABSTRACT This study deals with the lesser known part of the life of ʿĀʾisha bint Abī Bakr, namely the years prior to the civil war. I focus on her relationship with the military in the context of the wars which led to the birth of Islam as a political entity. The study revolves around three moments in which she appears as a direct or indirect protagonist, and in this last case overcoming social barriers. An ʿĀʾi-sha closer to a "lady of war" than a Muslim matron.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/43366833" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="19e0f2f11b25eb18a00c43c322a356eb" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":63657139,"asset_id":43366833,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/63657139/download_file?st=MTc0MDk1ODM0OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3413526" href="https://uco-es.academia.edu/CarlosMart%C3%ADnezCarrasco">Carlos Martínez Carrasco</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3413526" type="text/json">{"id":3413526,"first_name":"Carlos","last_name":"Martínez Carrasco","domain_name":"uco-es","page_name":"CarlosMartínezCarrasco","display_name":"Carlos Martínez Carrasco","profile_url":"https://uco-es.academia.edu/CarlosMart%C3%ADnezCarrasco?f_ri=17003","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3413526/1157662/1449732/s65_carlos.mart_nez_carrasco.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_43366833 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="43366833"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 43366833, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_43366833", }); 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Me centro en su relación con lo militar en el contexto de las guerras que dieron paso al nacimiento del islam como entidad política. Y lo hago tomando como eje tres momentos en los que ella aparece como protagonista directa o indirecta, y en este último caso saltando las barreras sociales. Una ʿĀʾisha más cercana a una \"señora de la guerra\" que a una matrona musulmana. ABSTRACT This study deals with the lesser known part of the life of ʿĀʾisha bint Abī Bakr, namely the years prior to the civil war. I focus on her relationship with the military in the context of the wars which led to the birth of Islam as a political entity. The study revolves around three moments in which she appears as a direct or indirect protagonist, and in this last case overcoming social barriers. An ʿĀʾi-sha closer to a \"lady of war\" than a Muslim matron.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":63657139,"asset_id":43366833,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3413526,"first_name":"Carlos","last_name":"Martínez Carrasco","domain_name":"uco-es","page_name":"CarlosMartínezCarrasco","display_name":"Carlos Martínez Carrasco","profile_url":"https://uco-es.academia.edu/CarlosMart%C3%ADnezCarrasco?f_ri=17003","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3413526/1157662/1449732/s65_carlos.mart_nez_carrasco.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":696,"name":"Gender Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender_Studies?f_ri=17003","nofollow":true},{"id":1138,"name":"Women's Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Womens_Studies?f_ri=17003","nofollow":true},{"id":1271,"name":"Near Eastern Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Near_Eastern_Studies?f_ri=17003","nofollow":true},{"id":1446,"name":"Medieval 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itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/15219632/Notable_Biblical_figures_mentioned_in_the_Bible_and_the_Quran">Notable Biblical figures mentioned in the Bible and the Qur'an</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This document has been developed for a course on Christian-Muslim theological encounter in response to student interest in understanding the extent of similiarity/connections between the main figures of Jewish-Christian-Muslim... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_15219632" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This document has been developed for a course on Christian-Muslim theological encounter in response to student interest in understanding the extent of similiarity/connections between the main figures of Jewish-Christian-Muslim traditions. <br /> <br />Please note this document is work in progress with the list of names initially derived from the Wikipedia article `List of people in both the Bible and the Quran' <<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_people_in_both_the_Bible_and_the_Quran" rel="nofollow">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_people_in_both_the_Bible_and_the_Quran</a>></div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/15219632" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div 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$('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=15219632]'), work: {"id":15219632,"title":"Notable Biblical figures mentioned in the Bible and the Qur'an","created_at":"2015-08-27T02:03:24.748-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/15219632/Notable_Biblical_figures_mentioned_in_the_Bible_and_the_Quran?f_ri=17003","dom_id":"work_15219632","summary":"This document has been developed for a course on Christian-Muslim theological encounter in response to student interest in understanding the extent of similiarity/connections between the main figures of Jewish-Christian-Muslim traditions.\r\n\r\nPlease note this document is work in progress with the list of names initially derived from the Wikipedia article `List of people in both the Bible and the Quran' \u003chttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_people_in_both_the_Bible_and_the_Quran\u003e ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":38586202,"asset_id":15219632,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":18483475,"first_name":"Kristian","last_name":"Girling","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"KristianGirling","display_name":"Kristian Girling","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/KristianGirling?f_ri=17003","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/18483475/14327021/15263975/s65_kristian.girling.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":106,"name":"Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion?f_ri=17003","nofollow":true},{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=17003","nofollow":true},{"id":983,"name":"Jewish Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jewish_Studies?f_ri=17003","nofollow":true},{"id":2471,"name":"History of Christianity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Christianity?f_ri=17003","nofollow":true},{"id":5675,"name":"Kalam (Islamic Theology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kalam_Islamic_Theology_?f_ri=17003"},{"id":6528,"name":"Biblical Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biblical_Studies?f_ri=17003"},{"id":6869,"name":"Qur'anic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quranic_Studies?f_ri=17003"},{"id":11150,"name":"Islamic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Studies?f_ri=17003"},{"id":12809,"name":"Middle Eastern Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_Eastern_Studies?f_ri=17003"},{"id":15800,"name":"Islamic History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_History?f_ri=17003"},{"id":17003,"name":"Early Islam","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Islam?f_ri=17003"},{"id":20634,"name":"Muslim-Christian Relation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Muslim-Christian_Relation?f_ri=17003"},{"id":117575,"name":"Jesus 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href="https://www.academia.edu/3053494/The_end_of_the_Ancient_World_early_Christianity_and_the_Transition_to_the_Middle_Ages">The end of the Ancient World, early Christianity, and the Transition to the Middle Ages</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/3053494" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="34c259be9060be00049c57742478ae01" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":30983993,"asset_id":3053494,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" 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period","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Merovingian_period?f_ri=17003"},{"id":49655,"name":"Dark Ages History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dark_Ages_History?f_ri=17003"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_40177854" data-work_id="40177854" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/40177854/Religious_Educated_Women_in_Early_Islam_Conceptions_of_Women_s_Images_in_Arab_Islamic_Texts_until_the_10th_Century">Religious Educated Women in Early Islam: Conceptions of Women’s Images in Arab-Islamic Texts until the 10th Century</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Since the beginnings of Islam, there have been women who studied their religion, took up teaching positions, acted as preachers, and contributed immensely to the consolidation and transmission of Islam. It is astonishing that this, a... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_40177854" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Since the beginnings of Islam, there have been women who studied their religion, took up teaching positions, acted as preachers, and contributed immensely to the consolidation and transmission of Islam. It is astonishing that this, a matter of fact in Islamic history, has hardly been noticed and has been overlooked by the wider public. This is why this chapter aims to focus on the essential contribution of the early Muslim women to the preservation and transmission of religious knowledge in order to make it more popular. The reconstruction of the depiction of women in the oldest texts of early Islam will help to analyze how women were described as religiously educated and what gender conceptions were constructed. The Source material of this analysis will be the Sira by Ibn Hisham, the Kitab al-Maghazi by al-Waqidi, the at-Tabaqat al-Kubra by Ibn Sa‘d, the hadith-collection of al-Bukhari and the Ta´rikh of at-Tabari.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/40177854" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="39786f68bf6945b35f073644ebda41e0" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":60400881,"asset_id":40177854,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/60400881/download_file?st=MTc0MDk1ODM0OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="658397" href="https://uzh.academia.edu/ProfhabilDrphilDorisDecker">Prof. Dr. phil. habil. Doris Decker</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="658397" type="text/json">{"id":658397,"first_name":"Prof. Dr. phil. habil. Doris","last_name":"Decker","domain_name":"uzh","page_name":"ProfhabilDrphilDorisDecker","display_name":"Prof. Dr. phil. habil. 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It is astonishing that this, a matter of fact in Islamic history, has hardly been noticed and has been overlooked by the wider public. This is why this chapter aims to focus on the essential contribution of the early Muslim women to the preservation and transmission of religious knowledge in order to make it more popular. The reconstruction of the depiction of women in the oldest texts of early Islam will help to analyze how women were described as religiously educated and what gender conceptions were constructed. The Source material of this analysis will be the Sira by Ibn Hisham, the Kitab al-Maghazi by al-Waqidi, the at-Tabaqat al-Kubra by Ibn Sa‘d, the hadith-collection of al-Bukhari and the Ta´rikh of at-Tabari.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":60400881,"asset_id":40177854,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":658397,"first_name":"Prof. Dr. phil. habil. 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Turkish Journal of Islamic Studies, 44 (2020), pp. 278-280.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized"><a href="https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/1156381" rel="nofollow">https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/1156381</a> Jerusalem (al-Quds) is a holy place of importance in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. According to Jews, the city became a kingdom and a center of worship with Prophet David... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_43581276" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden"><a href="https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/1156381" rel="nofollow">https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/1156381</a><br /><br />Jerusalem (al-Quds) is a holy place of importance in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. According to Jews, the city became a kingdom and a center of worship with Prophet David (King David). Also, for Jews, the construction of the temple during the time of Prophet Solomon (King of Israel) provided further sacred character to the city. Additionally, Jerusalem occupies an important place for Christians. Prophet Jesus was born in this region. According to the current Gospels, the earthly life of Jesus ended in Jerusalem and he was crucified there. As for the importance of Jerusalem in Islam –even though the name of Jerusalem does not appear directly in the Qur’an – the Al-Aqsa Mosque, located in heart of Jerusalem, is seen as the holiest place to visit after the Ka‘ba in Mecca and the Prophet’s Mosque in Medina, as stated in the hadiths of Prophet Muhammad. As the original direction of prayer for early Muslims, Prophet Muhammad occasionally emphasized the importance of Jerusalem.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/43581276" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="0008474071a527e94e4f9068d74c35c2" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":63886454,"asset_id":43581276,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/63886454/download_file?st=MTc0MDk1ODM0OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="33670173" href="https://uni-tuebingen.academia.edu/AbdullahR%C4%B1dvanG%C3%B6kbel">Abdullah Rıdvan Gökbel</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="33670173" type="text/json">{"id":33670173,"first_name":"Abdullah Rıdvan","last_name":"Gökbel","domain_name":"uni-tuebingen","page_name":"AbdullahRıdvanGökbel","display_name":"Abdullah Rıdvan Gökbel","profile_url":"https://uni-tuebingen.academia.edu/AbdullahR%C4%B1dvanG%C3%B6kbel?f_ri=17003","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/33670173/12555838/113223828/s65_abdullah_r_dvan.g_kbel.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_43581276 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="43581276"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 43581276, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_43581276", }); 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According to Jews, the city became a kingdom and a center of worship with Prophet David (King David). Also, for Jews, the construction of the temple during the time of Prophet Solomon (King of Israel) provided further sacred character to the city. Additionally, Jerusalem occupies an important place for Christians. Prophet Jesus was born in this region. According to the current Gospels, the earthly life of Jesus ended in Jerusalem and he was crucified there. As for the importance of Jerusalem in Islam –even though the name of Jerusalem does not appear directly in the Qur’an – the Al-Aqsa Mosque, located in heart of Jerusalem, is seen as the holiest place to visit after the Ka‘ba in Mecca and the Prophet’s Mosque in Medina, as stated in the hadiths of Prophet Muhammad. 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Pilgrimage Practices and Olfactory Experiences in Early Islam</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Short blog post for the Utrecht Religie Forum: <br /><br /><a href="https://urf.sites.uu.nl/2019/04/11/smelling-sacred-spaces-pilgrimage-practices-and-olfactory-experiences-in-early-islam/" rel="nofollow">https://urf.sites.uu.nl/2019/04/11/smelling-sacred-spaces-pilgrimage-practices-and-olfactory-experiences-in-early-islam/</a></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/41703436" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c157e4cd928b1d531aa80e5eac091ae6" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":61862023,"asset_id":41703436,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/61862023/download_file?st=MTc0MDk1ODM0OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="188757" href="https://cornell.academia.edu/AdamBursi">Adam Bursi</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="188757" type="text/json">{"id":188757,"first_name":"Adam","last_name":"Bursi","domain_name":"cornell","page_name":"AdamBursi","display_name":"Adam Bursi","profile_url":"https://cornell.academia.edu/AdamBursi?f_ri=17003","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/188757/600256/21215621/s65_adam.bursi.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_41703436 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="41703436"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 41703436, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_41703436", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=41703436]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_41703436").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_41703436").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="41703436"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">18</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3784" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pilgrimage">Pilgrimage</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3784" type="text/json">{"id":3784,"name":"Pilgrimage","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pilgrimage?f_ri=17003","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5064" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Perfume">Perfume</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5064" type="text/json">{"id":5064,"name":"Perfume","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Perfume?f_ri=17003","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5130" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_the_Senses">History of the Senses</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5130" type="text/json">{"id":5130,"name":"History of the Senses","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_the_Senses?f_ri=17003","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12200" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sense_of_Place">Sense of Place</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="12200" type="text/json">{"id":12200,"name":"Sense of Place","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sense_of_Place?f_ri=17003","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=41703436]'), work: {"id":41703436,"title":"Smelling Sacred Spaces. Pilgrimage Practices and Olfactory Experiences in Early Islam","created_at":"2020-01-22T09:32:18.661-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/41703436/Smelling_Sacred_Spaces_Pilgrimage_Practices_and_Olfactory_Experiences_in_Early_Islam?f_ri=17003","dom_id":"work_41703436","summary":"Short blog post for the Utrecht Religie Forum: \n\nhttps://urf.sites.uu.nl/2019/04/11/smelling-sacred-spaces-pilgrimage-practices-and-olfactory-experiences-in-early-islam/","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":61862023,"asset_id":41703436,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":188757,"first_name":"Adam","last_name":"Bursi","domain_name":"cornell","page_name":"AdamBursi","display_name":"Adam Bursi","profile_url":"https://cornell.academia.edu/AdamBursi?f_ri=17003","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/188757/600256/21215621/s65_adam.bursi.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3784,"name":"Pilgrimage","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pilgrimage?f_ri=17003","nofollow":true},{"id":5064,"name":"Perfume","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Perfume?f_ri=17003","nofollow":true},{"id":5130,"name":"History of the Senses","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_the_Senses?f_ri=17003","nofollow":true},{"id":12200,"name":"Sense of Place","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sense_of_Place?f_ri=17003","nofollow":true},{"id":17003,"name":"Early Islam","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Islam?f_ri=17003"},{"id":18859,"name":"Relics (Religion)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Relics_Religion_?f_ri=17003"},{"id":42055,"name":"Early Islamic History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Islamic_History?f_ri=17003"},{"id":59608,"name":"Sensory Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sensory_Studies?f_ri=17003"},{"id":102416,"name":"Smell","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Smell?f_ri=17003"},{"id":116209,"name":"Medieval Art, Pilgrimage, Reliquaries","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Art_Pilgrimage_Reliquaries?f_ri=17003"},{"id":167877,"name":"Medieval pilgrimage","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_pilgrimage?f_ri=17003"},{"id":180713,"name":"History of Perfumes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Perfumes?f_ri=17003"},{"id":223459,"name":"Relics and Relic Veneration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Relics_and_Relic_Veneration?f_ri=17003"},{"id":310308,"name":"The Senses","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Senses?f_ri=17003"},{"id":328741,"name":"Incense Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Incense_Culture?f_ri=17003"},{"id":483830,"name":"Hajj and Umrah","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hajj_and_Umrah?f_ri=17003"},{"id":889519,"name":"The Dome of the Rock","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Dome_of_the_Rock?f_ri=17003"},{"id":2542627,"name":"Ka'ba","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kaba-2?f_ri=17003"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_33743143" data-work_id="33743143" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/33743143/%C4%B0badilik_Ara%C5%9Ft%C4%B1rmalar%C4%B1nda_%C3%96nemli_Bir_Isim_Tadeusz_Lewicki">İbadilik Araştırmalarında Önemli Bir Isim: Tadeusz Lewicki</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Ortadoğu coğrafyasında yaşayan dini grup ve mezhepler arasında, özellikle tarihsel anlamda Hartelliğin günüınıizde yaşayan en önemli kolu olması nedeniyle İbadilik, önemli bir yere sahiptir. Esasen, kendilerini Harici bir firka olarak... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_33743143" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Ortadoğu coğrafyasında yaşayan dini grup ve mezhepler arasında, özellikle tarihsel anlamda Hartelliğin günüınıizde yaşayan en önemli kolu olması nedeniyle İbadilik, önemli bir yere sahiptir. Esasen, kendilerini Harici bir firka olarak kabul etmeyip. bu tarumlamayı açık bir şekilde reddeden İbadiliğin ortaya çıkışında, hicıi ilk yUzyılda yaşayan Abdullah b. İbad ile fırkarun görüşlerini asıl sıstematize eden kişi oldugu anlaşılan Cabir b. Zeyd'in ciddi bir rolü vardır. İslam tarihinin erken dönemlerinde ortaya çıkan İbadillk, diger Harici gruplara göre daha mutedil bir bakış açısı i}e tavra sahiptir. Ayrıca, diger dini gruplarla uzlaşmaya. fikir alışverişine ve hoşgörüye daha açıktır. Özellikle Basra kenti başta olmak fu:ere Irak cografyasında ortaya çıkan İbadilik, süreç içerisinde İslam dünyasının diger bölgelerine yayılmıştır. İbadiliğin yayıldı~ yerler arasında Libya, Tunus, Fas ve Cezayir'in merkezden uzak bazı yerleşim birimlerı başta olmak fu:ere Sudan. Mali. Madagaskar. Tanzanya ve Zengibar gibi Afrika'nın bazı bölgeleri ile Arap yarımadasının güneyinde bulunan Uman coğrafyası oldukça önemlidir.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/33743143" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="3c308b7af153ea5ba7faa29028170ad5" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":53736073,"asset_id":33743143,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53736073/download_file?st=MTc0MDk1ODM0OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="45578457" href="https://omu.academia.edu/HarunYildiz">Harun Yıldız</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="45578457" type="text/json">{"id":45578457,"first_name":"Harun","last_name":"Yıldız","domain_name":"omu","page_name":"HarunYildiz","display_name":"Harun Yıldız","profile_url":"https://omu.academia.edu/HarunYildiz?f_ri=17003","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/45578457/12086959/123323263/s65_harun.y_ld_z.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_33743143 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="33743143"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 33743143, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_33743143", }); 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Esasen, kendilerini Harici bir firka olarak kabul etmeyip. bu tarumlamayı açık bir şekilde reddeden İbadiliğin ortaya çıkışında, hicıi ilk yUzyılda yaşayan Abdullah b. İbad ile fırkarun görüşlerini asıl sıstematize eden kişi oldugu anlaşılan Cabir b. Zeyd'in ciddi bir rolü vardır. İslam tarihinin erken dönemlerinde ortaya çıkan İbadillk, diger Harici gruplara göre daha mutedil bir bakış açısı i}e tavra sahiptir. Ayrıca, diger dini gruplarla uzlaşmaya. fikir alışverişine ve hoşgörüye daha açıktır. Özellikle Basra kenti başta olmak fu:ere Irak cografyasında ortaya çıkan İbadilik, süreç içerisinde İslam dünyasının diger bölgelerine yayılmıştır. İbadiliğin yayıldı~ yerler arasında Libya, Tunus, Fas ve Cezayir'in merkezden uzak bazı yerleşim birimlerı başta olmak fu:ere Sudan. Mali. Madagaskar. Tanzanya ve Zengibar gibi Afrika'nın bazı bölgeleri ile Arap yarımadasının güneyinde bulunan Uman coğrafyası oldukça önemlidir.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":53736073,"asset_id":33743143,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":45578457,"first_name":"Harun","last_name":"Yıldız","domain_name":"omu","page_name":"HarunYildiz","display_name":"Harun Yıldız","profile_url":"https://omu.academia.edu/HarunYildiz?f_ri=17003","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/45578457/12086959/123323263/s65_harun.y_ld_z.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":11150,"name":"Islamic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Studies?f_ri=17003","nofollow":true},{"id":16171,"name":"Islamic Political Thought","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Political_Thought?f_ri=17003","nofollow":true},{"id":17003,"name":"Early Islam","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Islam?f_ri=17003","nofollow":true},{"id":195020,"name":"History of Islamic Sects","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Islamic_Sects?f_ri=17003","nofollow":true},{"id":301709,"name":"Kharijites","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kharijites?f_ri=17003"},{"id":366400,"name":"Ibadism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ibadism?f_ri=17003"},{"id":906491,"name":"Ibadi Islam","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ibadi_Islam?f_ri=17003"},{"id":974041,"name":"Islamic Thought and Theology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Thought_and_Theology?f_ri=17003"},{"id":1036254,"name":"Ibadites","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ibadites?f_ri=17003"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_43431756" data-work_id="43431756" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/43431756/EL_ARCO_EN_AL_ANDALUS_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D9%88%D8%B3_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%84%D8%B3_THE_BOW_IN_AL_ANDALUS">EL ARCO EN AL-ANDALUS: القوس بالاندلس : THE BOW IN AL-ANDALUS</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Talk given in Spanish at Complutense University, History department, Madrid for "De fuste e de Fierro". Armamento medieval en la Peninsula Iberica. IV International Seminar. 9-10th March, 2020 (for English translation see Archery CV... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_43431756" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Talk given in Spanish at Complutense University, History department, Madrid for "De fuste e de Fierro". Armamento medieval en la Peninsula Iberica. IV International Seminar. 9-10th March, 2020 (for English translation see Archery CV  <a href="https://www.academia.edu/42644287" rel="nofollow">https://www.academia.edu/42644287</a>  ) . The talk deals with use of the bow in Al-Andalus as a favored military weapon since its beginning in 711 to its demise in 1492 and by contrast its apparent absence in the northern states that confront it. Discussed are the two types of bows mentioned in an Arabic chronical reference and delves on the possible historical origin of what the sources call the 'Arab bow'. It touches also on the apparent ‘sacralization’ of the bow in the general Islamic context. Its appearance in the few pictorial references in Al-Andalus and discussed are the two very different types that appear in them. Also discussed is their relative effectiveness, construction, and the materials used and their specific differences. All this in contrast to the apparent lack of the use of the bow as a military weapon in the Christian states that were slowly formed at the north of the Iberian Peninsula. This could in part be due, it is argued, to a profound atavistic ideological rejection of the said weapon as being that of ‘the other’. The very negative ideological view of the bow is reflected and materialized in the art of the Christian north as can clearly be see in the Romanesque art of the Iberia Peninsula.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/43431756" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="2af9b4596790447787d17ef767daaaab" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":63735184,"asset_id":43431756,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/63735184/download_file?st=MTc0MDk1ODM0OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2894966" href="https://rah-es.academia.edu/TawfiqIbrahim%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%8A%D9%85">Tawfiq Ibrahim توفــيق ابراهــيم</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2894966" type="text/json">{"id":2894966,"first_name":"Tawfiq","last_name":"Ibrahim توفــيق ابراهــيم","domain_name":"rah-es","page_name":"TawfiqIbrahimتوفيقابراهيم","display_name":"Tawfiq Ibrahim توفــيق ابراهــيم","profile_url":"https://rah-es.academia.edu/TawfiqIbrahim%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%8A%D9%85?f_ri=17003","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2894966/955662/16960318/s65_tawfiq.ibrahim_.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_43431756 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="43431756"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 43431756, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_43431756", }); 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Armamento medieval en la Peninsula Iberica. IV International Seminar. 9-10th March, 2020 (for English translation see Archery CV https://www.academia.edu/42644287 ) . The talk deals with use of the bow in Al-Andalus as a favored military weapon since its beginning in 711 to its demise in 1492 and by contrast its apparent absence in the northern states that confront it. Discussed are the two types of bows mentioned in an Arabic chronical reference and delves on the possible historical origin of what the sources call the 'Arab bow'. It touches also on the apparent ‘sacralization’ of the bow in the general Islamic context. Its appearance in the few pictorial references in Al-Andalus and discussed are the two very different types that appear in them. Also discussed is their relative effectiveness, construction, and the materials used and their specific differences. All this in contrast to the apparent lack of the use of the bow as a military weapon in the Christian states that were slowly formed at the north of the Iberian Peninsula. This could in part be due, it is argued, to a profound atavistic ideological rejection of the said weapon as being that of ‘the other’. The very negative ideological view of the bow is reflected and materialized in the art of the Christian north as can clearly be see in the Romanesque art of the Iberia Peninsula.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":63735184,"asset_id":43431756,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2894966,"first_name":"Tawfiq","last_name":"Ibrahim توفــيق ابراهــيم","domain_name":"rah-es","page_name":"TawfiqIbrahimتوفيقابراهيم","display_name":"Tawfiq Ibrahim توفــيق ابراهــيم","profile_url":"https://rah-es.academia.edu/TawfiqIbrahim%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%8A%D9%85?f_ri=17003","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2894966/955662/16960318/s65_tawfiq.ibrahim_.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2015,"name":"Middle East 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In Twelver Shi'ism it has come to denote the hidden Imam who will one day return to redeem his followers and restore... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_36912980" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The concept of al-mahdi is an important theological idea in Shi'ism, its literary meaning being 'the rightly guided'. In Twelver Shi'ism it has come to denote the hidden Imam who will one day return to redeem his followers and restore justice on Earth, and in that sense it is akin to the Christian idea of the Messiah. Among scholars of early Islam there is near-consensus on the view that the transition of meaning from its literal meaning 'the rightly guided' to an eschatological redeemer occurred with the Shi'ite rebel leader al-Mukhtar b. Abi 'Ubayd (d. 686), when he applied it to Muhammad b. al-Hanafiyya, the son of 'Ali. In the present study I contest that view. I hold that while it can be established from the sources that Mukhtar probably spoke of Ibn al-Hanafiyya as al-mahdi, they do not support his use of this title in a messianic sense. This eschatological meaning can only be verified soon after his death. Finally, I argue that this question is methodologically rather than historically significant.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/36912980" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8c4616edcca4b11abd2849f04c15c6f7" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":56863714,"asset_id":36912980,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56863714/download_file?st=MTc0MDk1ODM0OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="697196" href="https://du-se.academia.edu/TorstenHylen">Torsten Hylén</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="697196" type="text/json">{"id":697196,"first_name":"Torsten","last_name":"Hylén","domain_name":"du-se","page_name":"TorstenHylen","display_name":"Torsten Hylén","profile_url":"https://du-se.academia.edu/TorstenHylen?f_ri=17003","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/697196/350484/417227/s65_torsten.hylen.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_36912980 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="36912980"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 36912980, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_36912980", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=36912980]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_36912980").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_36912980").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="36912980"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11154" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Shiism">Shi'ism</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="11154" type="text/json">{"id":11154,"name":"Shi'ism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Shiism?f_ri=17003","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="17003" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Islam">Early Islam</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="17003" type="text/json">{"id":17003,"name":"Early Islam","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Islam?f_ri=17003","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="42055" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Islamic_History">Early Islamic History</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="42055" type="text/json">{"id":42055,"name":"Early Islamic History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Islamic_History?f_ri=17003","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=36912980]'), work: {"id":36912980,"title":"Mukhtar and the Mahdi: A Critical Inquiry into the Sources","created_at":"2018-06-25T04:53:09.049-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/36912980/Mukhtar_and_the_Mahdi_A_Critical_Inquiry_into_the_Sources?f_ri=17003","dom_id":"work_36912980","summary":"The concept of al-mahdi is an important theological idea in Shi'ism, its literary meaning being 'the rightly guided'. In Twelver Shi'ism it has come to denote the hidden Imam who will one day return to redeem his followers and restore justice on Earth, and in that sense it is akin to the Christian idea of the Messiah. Among scholars of early Islam there is near-consensus on the view that the transition of meaning from its literal meaning 'the rightly guided' to an eschatological redeemer occurred with the Shi'ite rebel leader al-Mukhtar b. Abi 'Ubayd (d. 686), when he applied it to Muhammad b. al-Hanafiyya, the son of 'Ali. In the present study I contest that view. I hold that while it can be established from the sources that Mukhtar probably spoke of Ibn al-Hanafiyya as al-mahdi, they do not support his use of this title in a messianic sense. This eschatological meaning can only be verified soon after his death. Finally, I argue that this question is methodologically rather than historically significant.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":56863714,"asset_id":36912980,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":697196,"first_name":"Torsten","last_name":"Hylén","domain_name":"du-se","page_name":"TorstenHylen","display_name":"Torsten Hylén","profile_url":"https://du-se.academia.edu/TorstenHylen?f_ri=17003","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/697196/350484/417227/s65_torsten.hylen.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":11154,"name":"Shi'ism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Shiism?f_ri=17003","nofollow":true},{"id":17003,"name":"Early Islam","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Islam?f_ri=17003","nofollow":true},{"id":42055,"name":"Early Islamic History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Islamic_History?f_ri=17003","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_13853915" data-work_id="13853915" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/13853915/The_Annunciation_of_S%C5%ABrat_al_Qadr_Celebrating_the_Incarnation_of_the_Deity_Q_97_">The Annunciation of Sūrat al-Qadr: Celebrating the Incarnation of the Deity (Q 97)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">A number of recent articles have debated whether Sūrat al-Qadr refers to Christmas. This article argues that Q 97 is much more closely modeled on Ephrem's Nativity Hymn No. 21 than is usually understood, although prior scholars (most... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_13853915" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">A number of recent articles have debated whether Sūrat al-Qadr refers to Christmas.  This article argues that Q 97 is much more closely modeled on Ephrem's Nativity Hymn No. 21 than is usually understood, although prior scholars (most prominently Guillaume Dye and Nicolai Sinai) have already remarked on the close relationship between these texts.  Expanding on those insights, it is argued here that the sūrah's cryptic central term 'qadr,' literally meaning 'measurement,' should be understood as an Arabic term that designated the paradoxical process of incarnation that is discussed at length in Ephrem's hymn.  The sūrah repeats the Syriac hymn's central message, which is that the Lord's descent and incarnation, a paradoxical measuring and definition of the infinite deity, has enabled his worshipers to become 'divinized', joining as companions of the angels in song when they celebrate this unique night.  From a diachronic perspective, the article further discusses how this Syriac Christian conception of the divine incarnation and its ritual celebration was transformed, rearticulated, and reinterpreted during the process of articulating Qur’ānic revelation concepts.  Particularly important here is the later interpolation that Dye and Sinai have identified in Q 97:4 which attempted to render this archaic sūrah less 'polytheistic,' meaning Christian.  Last, the article concludes with several hypotheses about the Sitz im Leben of Q 97, and discusses how this overtly-Christian text could have been incorporated into what became the Qūr'an. <br /> <br />[Author's note, 4/24/18: This draft article is obsolete following publication of the revised material on this subject in my book "Evolution of the Early Qur’ān: From Anonymous Apocalypse to Charismatic Prophet," in Apocalypticism: Cross-disciplinary Explorations, edited by Carlos A. Segovia, Isaac W. Oliver, and Anders K. Petersen. New York: Peter Lang Publishing, Inc., 2018. As such, as I have removed the attached text file.]</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/13853915" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="23718684" href="https://yaleisp.academia.edu/DanielBeck">Daniel Beck</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="23718684" type="text/json">{"id":23718684,"first_name":"Daniel","last_name":"Beck","domain_name":"yaleisp","page_name":"DanielBeck","display_name":"Daniel Beck","profile_url":"https://yaleisp.academia.edu/DanielBeck?f_ri=17003","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/23718684/6702420/20991621/s65_daniel.beck.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_13853915 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="13853915"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 13853915, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_13853915", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=13853915]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_13853915").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_13853915").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="13853915"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6869" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quranic_Studies">Qur'anic Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6869" type="text/json">{"id":6869,"name":"Qur'anic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quranic_Studies?f_ri=17003","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7983" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quranic_Studies-1">Quranic Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7983" type="text/json">{"id":7983,"name":"Quranic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quranic_Studies-1?f_ri=17003","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11150" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Studies">Islamic Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="11150" type="text/json">{"id":11150,"name":"Islamic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Studies?f_ri=17003","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="17003" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Islam">Early Islam</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="17003" type="text/json">{"id":17003,"name":"Early Islam","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Islam?f_ri=17003","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=13853915]'), work: {"id":13853915,"title":"The Annunciation of Sūrat al-Qadr: Celebrating the Incarnation of the Deity (Q 97)","created_at":"2015-07-09T19:16:21.760-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/13853915/The_Annunciation_of_S%C5%ABrat_al_Qadr_Celebrating_the_Incarnation_of_the_Deity_Q_97_?f_ri=17003","dom_id":"work_13853915","summary":"A number of recent articles have debated whether Sūrat al-Qadr refers to Christmas. This article argues that Q 97 is much more closely modeled on Ephrem's Nativity Hymn No. 21 than is usually understood, although prior scholars (most prominently Guillaume Dye and Nicolai Sinai) have already remarked on the close relationship between these texts. Expanding on those insights, it is argued here that the sūrah's cryptic central term 'qadr,' literally meaning 'measurement,' should be understood as an Arabic term that designated the paradoxical process of incarnation that is discussed at length in Ephrem's hymn. The sūrah repeats the Syriac hymn's central message, which is that the Lord's descent and incarnation, a paradoxical measuring and definition of the infinite deity, has enabled his worshipers to become 'divinized', joining as companions of the angels in song when they celebrate this unique night. From a diachronic perspective, the article further discusses how this Syriac Christian conception of the divine incarnation and its ritual celebration was transformed, rearticulated, and reinterpreted during the process of articulating Qur’ānic revelation concepts. Particularly important here is the later interpolation that Dye and Sinai have identified in Q 97:4 which attempted to render this archaic sūrah less 'polytheistic,' meaning Christian. Last, the article concludes with several hypotheses about the Sitz im Leben of Q 97, and discusses how this overtly-Christian text could have been incorporated into what became the Qūr'an.\r\n\r\n[Author's note, 4/24/18: This draft article is obsolete following publication of the revised material on this subject in my book \"Evolution of the Early Qur’ān: From Anonymous Apocalypse to Charismatic Prophet,\" in Apocalypticism: Cross-disciplinary Explorations, edited by Carlos A. Segovia, Isaac W. Oliver, and Anders K. Petersen. New York: Peter Lang Publishing, Inc., 2018. As such, as I have removed the attached text file.]","downloadable_attachments":[],"ordered_authors":[{"id":23718684,"first_name":"Daniel","last_name":"Beck","domain_name":"yaleisp","page_name":"DanielBeck","display_name":"Daniel Beck","profile_url":"https://yaleisp.academia.edu/DanielBeck?f_ri=17003","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/23718684/6702420/20991621/s65_daniel.beck.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":6869,"name":"Qur'anic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quranic_Studies?f_ri=17003","nofollow":true},{"id":7983,"name":"Quranic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quranic_Studies-1?f_ri=17003","nofollow":true},{"id":11150,"name":"Islamic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Studies?f_ri=17003","nofollow":true},{"id":17003,"name":"Early Islam","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Islam?f_ri=17003","nofollow":true},{"id":474553,"name":"Islamic 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Ṭā’ Hā’","created_at":"2019-11-28T01:52:28.528-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/41105415/Sourate_20_%E1%B9%AC%C4%81_H%C4%81_?f_ri=17003","dom_id":"work_41105415","summary":"Commentaire et analyse du texte coranique. Sourate 20","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":61362867,"asset_id":41105415,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":5522412,"first_name":"Mette","last_name":"de Hemmer Bjerregaard","domain_name":"au","page_name":"MettedeHemmerBjerregaard","display_name":"Mette de Hemmer Bjerregaard","profile_url":"https://au.academia.edu/MettedeHemmerBjerregaard?f_ri=17003","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5522412/2421150/18318362/s65_mette_bjerregaard.mortensen.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":7983,"name":"Quranic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quranic_Studies-1?f_ri=17003","nofollow":true},{"id":11150,"name":"Islamic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Studies?f_ri=17003","nofollow":true},{"id":17003,"name":"Early Islam","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Islam?f_ri=17003","nofollow":true},{"id":42055,"name":"Early Islamic History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Islamic_History?f_ri=17003","nofollow":true},{"id":48550,"name":"Religious Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religious_Studies?f_ri=17003"},{"id":103063,"name":"Religions of Late Antiquity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religions_of_Late_Antiquity?f_ri=17003"},{"id":106348,"name":"Quranic and Islamic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quranic_and_Islamic_Studies?f_ri=17003"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_7076607" data-work_id="7076607" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/7076607/%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%82%D8%AF%D8%B3_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%8A_%D8%B5%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%87_%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%85">بيت المقدس في استراتيجية النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">يعدّ الفتح الإسلامي الأول لبيت المقدس في القرن السابع الميلاديّ نقطةَ تحول كبرى في تاريخ العالم في القرون الوسطى، ذلك لأن بيت المقدس كان يرزح تحت حكم واحدة من أقوى إمبراطوريات ذلك الزمان، ألا وهي الإمبراطورية البيزنطية. لذا كان لا بدّ... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_7076607" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">يعدّ الفتح  الإسلامي الأول لبيت المقدس في القرن السابع الميلاديّ نقطةَ تحول كبرى في تاريخ العالم في القرون الوسطى، ذلك لأن بيت المقدس كان يرزح تحت حكم  واحدة من أقوى إمبراطوريات ذلك الزمان، ألا وهي الإمبراطورية البيزنطية. لذا كان لا بدّ أن يتطلب فتح بهذه العظمة والأهمية تحضيراتٍ كبيرةً وتخطيطًا على أعلى المستويات كي يتم الظفر به وبلوغ الغاية منه. وبينما يعزو معظم الناس، سواء كانوا من المختصين أو العامّة، الفضل في فتح بيت المقدس إلى الخليفة الراشد الثاني عمر بن الخطاب رضي الله عنه، وينسبه آخرون إلى أبي بكرٍ الصديق، خليفة المسلمين الأول، رضي الله عنه. إلا أنّه قلّما يشارُ إلى دورِ النبي محمد ﷺ وخطتِه لفتح بيت المقدس، مع أنّ تأثيره لا يخفى في الأحداث والوقائع التي أدت إلى فتح تلك البلاد المقدسة. لذا جاء هذا الكتاب ليسلط الضوء على دور النبي محمّد ﷺ في صياغة الفتح الإسلامي الأول لبيت المقدس. <br />يتناول هذا الكتاب فرضية مفادها أنّ النبي محمدًا ﷺ هو من خططَ بداءةً وأصالةً للفتح الإسلامي لبيت المقدس. ووفق هذه الفرضيّة، فإن أبا بكر الصديق وعمر بن الخطاب رضي الله عنهما إنّما قاما بتنفيذ خطة النبي ﷺ وتحقيق مراده. وبناءً على هذه الفرضية، فإن جميع الحملات العسكرية الإسلامية التي سبقت فتح تلك المدينة إنما كانت تطبيقًا لهذه الخطة.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/7076607" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c85050112ca3555bf14749976dc89e83" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":64649350,"asset_id":7076607,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" 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data-has-card-for-ri="15800" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_History">Islamic History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="15800" type="text/json">{"id":15800,"name":"Islamic History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_History?f_ri=17003","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15967" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biographical_Literature_of_the_Prophet_Muhammad_Sirah_Rasul_Allah_">Biographical Literature of the Prophet Muhammad (Sirah Rasul Allah)</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="15967" type="text/json">{"id":15967,"name":"Biographical Literature of the Prophet Muhammad (Sirah Rasul Allah)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biographical_Literature_of_the_Prophet_Muhammad_Sirah_Rasul_Allah_?f_ri=17003","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=7076607]'), work: {"id":7076607,"title":"بيت المقدس في استراتيجية النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم","created_at":"2014-05-17T19:34:52.464-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/7076607/%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%82%D8%AF%D8%B3_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%8A_%D8%B5%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%87_%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%85?f_ri=17003","dom_id":"work_7076607","summary":"يعدّ الفتح الإسلامي الأول لبيت المقدس في القرن السابع الميلاديّ نقطةَ تحول كبرى في تاريخ العالم في القرون الوسطى، ذلك لأن بيت المقدس كان يرزح تحت حكم واحدة من أقوى إمبراطوريات ذلك الزمان، ألا وهي الإمبراطورية البيزنطية. لذا كان لا بدّ أن يتطلب فتح بهذه العظمة والأهمية تحضيراتٍ كبيرةً وتخطيطًا على أعلى المستويات كي يتم الظفر به وبلوغ الغاية منه. وبينما يعزو معظم الناس، سواء كانوا من المختصين أو العامّة، الفضل في فتح بيت المقدس إلى الخليفة الراشد الثاني عمر بن الخطاب رضي الله عنه، وينسبه آخرون إلى أبي بكرٍ الصديق، خليفة المسلمين الأول، رضي الله عنه. إلا أنّه قلّما يشارُ إلى دورِ النبي محمد ﷺ وخطتِه لفتح بيت المقدس، مع أنّ تأثيره لا يخفى في الأحداث والوقائع التي أدت إلى فتح تلك البلاد المقدسة. لذا جاء هذا الكتاب ليسلط الضوء على دور النبي محمّد ﷺ في صياغة الفتح الإسلامي الأول لبيت المقدس. \r\nيتناول هذا الكتاب فرضية مفادها أنّ النبي محمدًا ﷺ هو من خططَ بداءةً وأصالةً للفتح الإسلامي لبيت المقدس. ووفق هذه الفرضيّة، فإن أبا بكر الصديق وعمر بن الخطاب رضي الله عنهما إنّما قاما بتنفيذ خطة النبي ﷺ وتحقيق مراده. وبناءً على هذه الفرضية، فإن جميع الحملات العسكرية الإسلامية التي سبقت فتح تلك المدينة إنما كانت تطبيقًا لهذه الخطة. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":64649350,"asset_id":7076607,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":837755,"first_name":"Abdullah","last_name":"Marouf Ömer","domain_name":"29mayis","page_name":"AbdallahMaroufOmar","display_name":"Abdullah Marouf Ömer","profile_url":"https://29mayis.academia.edu/AbdallahMaroufOmar?f_ri=17003","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/837755/294494/29848948/s65_abdallah.marouf_omar.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":6184,"name":"Israel/Palestine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Israel_Palestine?f_ri=17003","nofollow":true},{"id":6693,"name":"Palestine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Palestine?f_ri=17003","nofollow":true},{"id":15800,"name":"Islamic History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_History?f_ri=17003","nofollow":true},{"id":15967,"name":"Biographical Literature of the Prophet Muhammad (Sirah Rasul Allah)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biographical_Literature_of_the_Prophet_Muhammad_Sirah_Rasul_Allah_?f_ri=17003","nofollow":true},{"id":17003,"name":"Early Islam","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Islam?f_ri=17003"},{"id":25118,"name":"Medieval Islamic History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Islamic_History?f_ri=17003"},{"id":43809,"name":"Jerusalem","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jerusalem?f_ri=17003"},{"id":176767,"name":"Sirah Nabawiyah","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sirah_Nabawiyah?f_ri=17003"},{"id":250021,"name":"Biography of the Prophet Muhammad","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biography_of_the_Prophet_Muhammad?f_ri=17003"},{"id":288074,"name":"القدس بيت المقدس فلسطين الأقصى Aqsa Jerusalem Islamicjerusalem Bayt al-Maqdis Islamic Jerusalem al-Aqsa Palestine Temple","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/_Aqsa_Jerusalem_Islamicjerusalem_Bayt_al-Maq?f_ri=17003"},{"id":288083,"name":"فلسطين","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%B7%D9%8A%D9%86?f_ri=17003"},{"id":508211,"name":"التاريخ الإسلامي","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AE_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A?f_ri=17003"},{"id":1389749,"name":"النبي محمد","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%8A_%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF?f_ri=17003"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_45006803" data-work_id="45006803" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/45006803/Theology_in_Conservation_an_Exploration_of_Christian_and_Islamic_Theology_regarding_conservation_theory_and_conservation_of_churches_and_mosques">Theology in Conservation: an Exploration of Christian and Islamic Theology regarding conservation theory and conservation of churches and mosques</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In the last decades, the conservation discipline has been investigating how different worldviews and religions cope with and value their heritage. The quest for understanding the challenging position of religious values in heritage... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_45006803" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In the last decades, the conservation discipline has been investigating how different worldviews and religions cope with and value their heritage. The quest for understanding the challenging position of religious values in heritage conservation also accounts for churches and mosques, which form a vast amount of this heritage. Those places of worship have broader implications for the conservation of historic buildings in general. However, despite recent advances, there is still limited understanding of how Christian and Islamic theology relates or could relate to building conservation. This dissertation, therefore, examines the way in which Christian and Islamic theology relate to conservation philosophy, the (primarily secular) conservation theory and the conservation of their churches and mosques. The examination of the primary religious texts of the Christian and Islamic faiths forms the basis of the study. Potential implications for contemporary conservation philosophy and theory are pointed out, to deepen the understanding of the place of theology in the conservation discourse as well as increasing awareness regarding the Christian and Islamic worldview and the way to deal with the conservation of their places of worship.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/45006803" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e59922125142f356af9b0b40e8de8f64" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":65551663,"asset_id":45006803,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/65551663/download_file?st=MTc0MDk1ODM0OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="150571870" href="https://york.academia.edu/PieterdeJong">Pieter de Jong</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="150571870" type="text/json">{"id":150571870,"first_name":"Pieter","last_name":"de Jong","domain_name":"york","page_name":"PieterdeJong","display_name":"Pieter de Jong","profile_url":"https://york.academia.edu/PieterdeJong?f_ri=17003","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_45006803 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="45006803"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 45006803, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_45006803", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=45006803]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_45006803").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_45006803").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="45006803"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="17003" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Islam">Early Islam</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="17003" type="text/json">{"id":17003,"name":"Early Islam","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Islam?f_ri=17003","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="60289" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Church_History">Early Church History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="60289" type="text/json">{"id":60289,"name":"Early Church History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Church_History?f_ri=17003","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="66579" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Church_Buildings">Church Buildings</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="66579" type="text/json">{"id":66579,"name":"Church Buildings","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Church_Buildings?f_ri=17003","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="222274" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mosques">Mosques</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="222274" type="text/json">{"id":222274,"name":"Mosques","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mosques?f_ri=17003","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=45006803]'), work: {"id":45006803,"title":"Theology in Conservation: an Exploration of Christian and Islamic Theology regarding conservation theory and conservation of churches and mosques","created_at":"2021-01-29T09:30:54.285-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/45006803/Theology_in_Conservation_an_Exploration_of_Christian_and_Islamic_Theology_regarding_conservation_theory_and_conservation_of_churches_and_mosques?f_ri=17003","dom_id":"work_45006803","summary":"In the last decades, the conservation discipline has been investigating how different worldviews and religions cope with and value their heritage. The quest for understanding the challenging position of religious values in heritage conservation also accounts for churches and mosques, which form a vast amount of this heritage. Those places of worship have broader implications for the conservation of historic buildings in general. However, despite recent advances, there is still limited understanding of how Christian and Islamic theology relates or could relate to building conservation. This dissertation, therefore, examines the way in which Christian and Islamic theology relate to conservation philosophy, the (primarily secular) conservation theory and the conservation of their churches and mosques. The examination of the primary religious texts of the Christian and Islamic faiths forms the basis of the study. Potential implications for contemporary conservation philosophy and theory are pointed out, to deepen the understanding of the place of theology in the conservation discourse as well as increasing awareness regarding the Christian and Islamic worldview and the way to deal with the conservation of their places of worship.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":65551663,"asset_id":45006803,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":150571870,"first_name":"Pieter","last_name":"de Jong","domain_name":"york","page_name":"PieterdeJong","display_name":"Pieter de Jong","profile_url":"https://york.academia.edu/PieterdeJong?f_ri=17003","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":17003,"name":"Early Islam","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Islam?f_ri=17003","nofollow":true},{"id":60289,"name":"Early Church History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Church_History?f_ri=17003","nofollow":true},{"id":66579,"name":"Church Buildings","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Church_Buildings?f_ri=17003","nofollow":true},{"id":222274,"name":"Mosques","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mosques?f_ri=17003","nofollow":true},{"id":265632,"name":"Theology and Religious Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Theology_and_Religious_Studies?f_ri=17003"},{"id":269893,"name":"Conservation and Restoration of Historic Buildings and Monuments","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conservation_and_Restoration_of_Historic_Buildings_and_Monuments?f_ri=17003"},{"id":561768,"name":"Conservation of Historic towns and buildings, philosophy, art and architecture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conservation_of_Historic_towns_and_buildings_philosophy_art_and_architecture?f_ri=17003"},{"id":862367,"name":"Conservation of Historic Buildings","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conservation_of_Historic_Buildings?f_ri=17003"},{"id":1019477,"name":"Architectural Heritage Conservation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Architectural_Heritage_Conservation?f_ri=17003"},{"id":3061280,"name":"Theory and philosophy of conservation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Theory_and_philosophy_of_conservation?f_ri=17003"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_530881" data-work_id="530881" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/530881/Le_soufisme_et_les_soufis_selon_Ibn_Taymiyya_Published_version_">Le soufisme et les soufis selon Ibn Taymiyya (Published version)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">""Abstract: Inherited from 19th century Orientalism and enhanced by the advent of Wahhabism and Salafism,Ibn Taymiyya’s anti-sufi reputation has continued to obscure the mystical aspect of his work. The Hanbali scholar, described as... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_530881" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">""Abstract: <br /> <br />Inherited from 19th century Orientalism and enhanced by the advent of Wahhabism and Salafism,Ibn Taymiyya’s anti-sufi reputation has continued to obscure the mystical aspect of his work. The Hanbali scholar, described as the sworn enemy of Sufism, however, would have belonged to the Qāddiriyya Sufi order. Prejudice concerning Ibn Taymiyya and his Hanbali school, as well as specific difficulties in the approach towards Islamic mysticism, have been major obstacles to a comprehensive study on the relationship of Ibn Taymiyya in Sufism. The epistle al-Ṣufiyya wa-l-fuqarā, which is the <br />subject of this work, reveals not only his explicit approval of Sufism, but also a vigorous defense of this discipline aimed at those who would have it condemned as such. In addition, a careful reading of this epistle, combined with historical facts and other writings of the Hanbali scholar, reveal a mystical doctrine in the tradition of great Sufi masters such as, Ğunayd, Abū Bakr al-Kalābāḏī, Abū Ṭālib al-Makkī, ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Sulamī, etc. <br /> <br />Résumé <br /> <br />Héritée de l’orientalisme du XIXe siècle, et accentuée par l’avènement du wahhabisme et du salafisme, la réputation anti-soufie d’Ibn Taymiyya n’a cessé de voiler la réalité de son oeuvre à portée mystique. Celui que l’on présente comme l’ennemi juré du soufisme aurait pourtant appartenu à la <br />confrérie soufie Qādiriyya. Les préjugés sur Ibn Taymiyya et son école hanbalite, d’une part, et les difficultés spécifiques à l’approche de la mystique musulmane, d’autre part, ont été des obstacles majeurs à une étude approfondie sur les relations du savant hanbalite au taṣawwuf. L’épître al-Ṣūfiyya wa-al-fuqarāʾ, qui fait l’objet du présent travail, révèle, non seulement son approbation explicite du soufisme, mais encore une défense énergique de cette discipline contre ceux qui la condamneraient <br />en tant que telle. En outre, une lecture attentive de cette épître, associée aux faits historiques et à d’autres écrits du šayḫ al-islām, laisse transparaître une doctrine mystique dans la lignée des grands maîtres soufis, tels Ğunayd, Abū Bakr al-Kalābāḏī, Abū Ṭālib al-Makkī, ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Sulamī, etc.""</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/530881" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d6f93a91eb63edc145d2ee53c030bf61" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":36311294,"asset_id":530881,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/36311294/download_file?st=MTc0MDk1ODM0OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="120382" href="https://ephe.academia.edu/QaisAssef">Qais Assef</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="120382" type="text/json">{"id":120382,"first_name":"Qais","last_name":"Assef","domain_name":"ephe","page_name":"QaisAssef","display_name":"Qais Assef","profile_url":"https://ephe.academia.edu/QaisAssef?f_ri=17003","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/120382/32315/156258895/s65_qais.assef.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_530881 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="530881"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 530881, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_530881", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=530881]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_530881").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_530881").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="530881"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">23</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="540" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Law">Islamic Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="540" type="text/json">{"id":540,"name":"Islamic Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Law?f_ri=17003","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1271" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Near_Eastern_Studies">Near Eastern Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1271" type="text/json">{"id":1271,"name":"Near Eastern Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Near_Eastern_Studies?f_ri=17003","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1446" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_History">Medieval History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1446" type="text/json">{"id":1446,"name":"Medieval History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_History?f_ri=17003","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2015" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_East_Studies">Middle East Studies</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2015" type="text/json">{"id":2015,"name":"Middle East Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_East_Studies?f_ri=17003","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=530881]'), work: {"id":530881,"title":"Le soufisme et les soufis selon Ibn Taymiyya (Published version)","created_at":"2011-04-15T07:13:09.917-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/530881/Le_soufisme_et_les_soufis_selon_Ibn_Taymiyya_Published_version_?f_ri=17003","dom_id":"work_530881","summary":"\"\"Abstract:\r\n\r\nInherited from 19th century Orientalism and enhanced by the advent of Wahhabism and Salafism,Ibn Taymiyya’s anti-sufi reputation has continued to obscure the mystical aspect of his work. The Hanbali scholar, described as the sworn enemy of Sufism, however, would have belonged to the Qāddiriyya Sufi order. Prejudice concerning Ibn Taymiyya and his Hanbali school, as well as specific difficulties in the approach towards Islamic mysticism, have been major obstacles to a comprehensive study on the relationship of Ibn Taymiyya in Sufism. The epistle al-Ṣufiyya wa-l-fuqarā, which is the\r\nsubject of this work, reveals not only his explicit approval of Sufism, but also a vigorous defense of this discipline aimed at those who would have it condemned as such. In addition, a careful reading of this epistle, combined with historical facts and other writings of the Hanbali scholar, reveal a mystical doctrine in the tradition of great Sufi masters such as, Ğunayd, Abū Bakr al-Kalābāḏī, Abū Ṭālib al-Makkī, ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Sulamī, etc.\r\n\r\nRésumé\r\n\r\nHéritée de l’orientalisme du XIXe siècle, et accentuée par l’avènement du wahhabisme et du salafisme, la réputation anti-soufie d’Ibn Taymiyya n’a cessé de voiler la réalité de son oeuvre à portée mystique. Celui que l’on présente comme l’ennemi juré du soufisme aurait pourtant appartenu à la\r\nconfrérie soufie Qādiriyya. Les préjugés sur Ibn Taymiyya et son école hanbalite, d’une part, et les difficultés spécifiques à l’approche de la mystique musulmane, d’autre part, ont été des obstacles majeurs à une étude approfondie sur les relations du savant hanbalite au taṣawwuf. L’épître al-Ṣūfiyya wa-al-fuqarāʾ, qui fait l’objet du présent travail, révèle, non seulement son approbation explicite du soufisme, mais encore une défense énergique de cette discipline contre ceux qui la condamneraient\r\nen tant que telle. En outre, une lecture attentive de cette épître, associée aux faits historiques et à d’autres écrits du šayḫ al-islām, laisse transparaître une doctrine mystique dans la lignée des grands maîtres soufis, tels Ğunayd, Abū Bakr al-Kalābāḏī, Abū Ṭālib al-Makkī, ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Sulamī, etc.\"\"","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":36311294,"asset_id":530881,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":120382,"first_name":"Qais","last_name":"Assef","domain_name":"ephe","page_name":"QaisAssef","display_name":"Qais Assef","profile_url":"https://ephe.academia.edu/QaisAssef?f_ri=17003","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/120382/32315/156258895/s65_qais.assef.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":540,"name":"Islamic Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Law?f_ri=17003","nofollow":true},{"id":1271,"name":"Near Eastern Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Near_Eastern_Studies?f_ri=17003","nofollow":true},{"id":1446,"name":"Medieval History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_History?f_ri=17003","nofollow":true},{"id":2015,"name":"Middle East Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_East_Studies?f_ri=17003","nofollow":true},{"id":2603,"name":"Middle East History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_East_History?f_ri=17003"},{"id":2853,"name":"Medieval Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Studies?f_ri=17003"},{"id":7322,"name":"Mysticism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mysticism?f_ri=17003"},{"id":11150,"name":"Islamic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Studies?f_ri=17003"},{"id":11152,"name":"Sufism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sufism?f_ri=17003"},{"id":15800,"name":"Islamic History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_History?f_ri=17003"},{"id":15866,"name":"Islam","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islam?f_ri=17003"},{"id":17003,"name":"Early Islam","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Islam?f_ri=17003"},{"id":25399,"name":"Islamism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamism?f_ri=17003"},{"id":28459,"name":"Tariqa Sufism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tariqa_Sufism?f_ri=17003"},{"id":30571,"name":"Islamic Mysticism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Mysticism?f_ri=17003"},{"id":35080,"name":"Sufism in the Formative Period","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sufism_in_the_Formative_Period?f_ri=17003"},{"id":36523,"name":"Ibn Arabi","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ibn_Arabi?f_ri=17003"},{"id":80195,"name":"Salafi-jihadist groups","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Salafi-jihadist_groups?f_ri=17003"},{"id":80338,"name":"Ibn Taymiyya","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ibn_Taymiyya?f_ri=17003"},{"id":88513,"name":"Salafism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Salafism?f_ri=17003"},{"id":518887,"name":"Confréries","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Confreries?f_ri=17003"},{"id":1116186,"name":"Soufisme","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Soufisme?f_ri=17003"},{"id":1116187,"name":"Spiritualité","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spiritualite?f_ri=17003"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_2585094" data-work_id="2585094" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/2585094/Review_of_Christoph_Luxenberg">Review of Christoph Luxenberg</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x 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data-has-card-for-ri="6869" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quranic_Studies">Qur'anic Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6869" type="text/json">{"id":6869,"name":"Qur'anic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quranic_Studies?f_ri=17003","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11150" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Studies">Islamic Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="11150" type="text/json">{"id":11150,"name":"Islamic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Studies?f_ri=17003","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15866" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islam">Islam</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="15866" type="text/json">{"id":15866,"name":"Islam","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islam?f_ri=17003","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="17003" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Islam">Early Islam</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="17003" type="text/json">{"id":17003,"name":"Early Islam","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Islam?f_ri=17003","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=2585094]'), work: {"id":2585094,"title":"Review of Christoph Luxenberg","created_at":"2013-02-16T17:36:20.484-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/2585094/Review_of_Christoph_Luxenberg?f_ri=17003","dom_id":"work_2585094","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":30594118,"asset_id":2585094,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":82053,"first_name":"Tzvi","last_name":"Langermann","domain_name":"biu","page_name":"TzviLangermann","display_name":"Tzvi Langermann","profile_url":"https://biu.academia.edu/TzviLangermann?f_ri=17003","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/82053/22810/21098/s65_tzvi.langermann.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":6869,"name":"Qur'anic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quranic_Studies?f_ri=17003","nofollow":true},{"id":11150,"name":"Islamic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Studies?f_ri=17003","nofollow":true},{"id":15866,"name":"Islam","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islam?f_ri=17003","nofollow":true},{"id":17003,"name":"Early Islam","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Islam?f_ri=17003","nofollow":true},{"id":36121,"name":"Gender and Islam","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender_and_Islam?f_ri=17003"},{"id":120722,"name":"Hadith","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hadith?f_ri=17003"},{"id":1223687,"name":"Quran and Tafsir Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quran_and_Tafsir_Studies?f_ri=17003"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_12783700" data-work_id="12783700" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/12783700/Review_of_Saracens_Islam_in_the_Medieval_European_Imagination_by_Tolan">Review of "Saracens: Islam in the Medieval European Imagination" by Tolan</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/12783700" data-share-source="work_strip" 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itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="7077164" href="https://ucdavis.academia.edu/AliAnooshahr">Ali Anooshahr</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="7077164" type="text/json">{"id":7077164,"first_name":"Ali","last_name":"Anooshahr","domain_name":"ucdavis","page_name":"AliAnooshahr","display_name":"Ali Anooshahr","profile_url":"https://ucdavis.academia.edu/AliAnooshahr?f_ri=17003","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/7077164/2666727/109432702/s65_ali.anooshahr.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_12783700 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="12783700"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 12783700, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_12783700", }); });</script></li><li 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Europe","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Europe?f_ri=17003","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="17003" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Islam">Early Islam</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="17003" type="text/json">{"id":17003,"name":"Early Islam","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Islam?f_ri=17003","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28495" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islam_and_Christianity_relations_and_exchange_of_ideas">Islam and Christianity: relations and exchange of ideas</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="28495" type="text/json">{"id":28495,"name":"Islam and Christianity: relations and exchange of ideas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islam_and_Christianity_relations_and_exchange_of_ideas?f_ri=17003","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=12783700]'), work: {"id":12783700,"title":"Review of \"Saracens: Islam in the Medieval European Imagination\" by Tolan","created_at":"2015-06-03T14:55:51.018-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/12783700/Review_of_Saracens_Islam_in_the_Medieval_European_Imagination_by_Tolan?f_ri=17003","dom_id":"work_12783700","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":37819104,"asset_id":12783700,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":7077164,"first_name":"Ali","last_name":"Anooshahr","domain_name":"ucdavis","page_name":"AliAnooshahr","display_name":"Ali Anooshahr","profile_url":"https://ucdavis.academia.edu/AliAnooshahr?f_ri=17003","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/7077164/2666727/109432702/s65_ali.anooshahr.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":12936,"name":"Medieval 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had written this earlier in 2011 yet in looking over this manuscript, I realize that it has many excellent items of evidence useful for any seeker of present truth.  This document is written with expressions for an interfaith reader.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/45240074" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="646405a05db2c636ca9cb5ae47e42c90" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":65811429,"asset_id":45240074,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button 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Crawford-Yellen","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/HeidiCrawfordYellen?f_ri=17003","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4240401/1677881/2016823/s65_heidi.crawford-yellen.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_45240074 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="45240074"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 45240074, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_45240074", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_45240074 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 45240074; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { 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u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="45240074"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5326" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Christianity">Early Christianity</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5326" type="text/json">{"id":5326,"name":"Early Christianity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Christianity?f_ri=17003","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="17003" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Islam">Early Islam</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="17003" type="text/json">{"id":17003,"name":"Early Islam","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Islam?f_ri=17003","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="142571" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sacrament_of_the_Lords_Supper">Sacrament of the Lord's Supper</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="142571" type="text/json">{"id":142571,"name":"Sacrament of the Lord's Supper","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sacrament_of_the_Lords_Supper?f_ri=17003","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="348553" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Communion">Communion</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="348553" type="text/json">{"id":348553,"name":"Communion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Communion?f_ri=17003","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=45240074]'), work: {"id":45240074,"title":"The 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This document is written with expressions for an interfaith reader. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":65811429,"asset_id":45240074,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":4240401,"first_name":"Heidi","last_name":"Crawford-Yellen","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"HeidiCrawfordYellen","display_name":"Heidi Crawford-Yellen","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/HeidiCrawfordYellen?f_ri=17003","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4240401/1677881/2016823/s65_heidi.crawford-yellen.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":5326,"name":"Early Christianity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Christianity?f_ri=17003","nofollow":true},{"id":17003,"name":"Early Islam","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Islam?f_ri=17003","nofollow":true},{"id":142571,"name":"Sacrament of the Lord's Supper","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sacrament_of_the_Lords_Supper?f_ri=17003","nofollow":true},{"id":348553,"name":"Communion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Communion?f_ri=17003","nofollow":false},{"id":665740,"name":"Abrahamic covenant and its implications on the NT","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Abrahamic_covenant_and_its_implications_on_the_NT?f_ri=17003"},{"id":1172532,"name":"Gift of Prophecy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gift_of_Prophecy?f_ri=17003"},{"id":2858157,"name":"Hazrat Mahdi","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hazrat_Mahdi?f_ri=17003"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_30863640 coauthored" data-work_id="30863640" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/30863640/%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B0%D8%A7_%D9%88%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%81_%D9%8A%D8%B5%D8%A8%D8%AD_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%8E%D9%91%D8%B5_%D9%85%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%8E%D9%91%D8%B3%D9%8B%D8%A7_">لماذا وكيف يصبح النَّص مقدَّسًا؟</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Arabic translation of my paper « Pourquoi et comment se fait un texte canonique ? Quelques réflexions sur l’histoire du Coran », in Christian Brouwer, Guillaume Dye, Anja Van Rompaey, Hérésies : une construction d'identités religieuses,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_30863640" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Arabic translation of my paper « Pourquoi et comment se fait un texte canonique ? Quelques réflexions sur l’histoire du Coran », in Christian Brouwer, Guillaume Dye, Anja Van Rompaey, Hérésies : une construction d'identités religieuses, édition de l’Université de Bruxelles, 2015, p. 55-104, published on the Arabic website الحوار المتمدن (Al-hiwar al-mutamaddin).<br /><br /><a href="http://www.ahewar.org/debat/show.art.asp?aid=536360" rel="nofollow">http://www.ahewar.org/debat/show.art.asp?aid=536360</a><br /><br /><a href="http://www.ahewar.org/debat/show.art.asp?aid=536801" rel="nofollow">http://www.ahewar.org/debat/show.art.asp?aid=536801</a><br /><br /><a href="http://www.ahewar.org/debat/show.art.asp?aid=537139" rel="nofollow">http://www.ahewar.org/debat/show.art.asp?aid=537139</a><br /><br /><a href="http://www.ahewar.org/debat/show.art.asp?aid=538221" rel="nofollow">http://www.ahewar.org/debat/show.art.asp?aid=538221</a><br /><br /><a href="http://www.ahewar.org/debat/show.art.asp?aid=539112" rel="nofollow">http://www.ahewar.org/debat/show.art.asp?aid=539112</a><br /><br /><a href="http://www.ahewar.org/debat/show.art.asp?aid=539813" rel="nofollow">http://www.ahewar.org/debat/show.art.asp?aid=539813</a><br /><br /><a href="http://www.ahewar.org/debat/show.art.asp?aid=540881" rel="nofollow">http://www.ahewar.org/debat/show.art.asp?aid=540881</a></div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/30863640" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="7392e3b1a971bd35b27e40bac60c0ce9" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":51296203,"asset_id":30863640,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/51296203/download_file?st=MTc0MDk1ODM0OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1117457" href="https://ulb.academia.edu/GuillaumeDye">Guillaume Dye</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1117457" type="text/json">{"id":1117457,"first_name":"Guillaume","last_name":"Dye","domain_name":"ulb","page_name":"GuillaumeDye","display_name":"Guillaume Dye","profile_url":"https://ulb.academia.edu/GuillaumeDye?f_ri=17003","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1117457/451984/13870286/s65_guillaume.dye.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-30863640">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-30863640"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/NacerBenrajeb">Nacer Benrajeb</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-30863640'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-30863640').html(); 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container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_30863640 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="30863640"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 30863640; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=30863640]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_30863640").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_30863640").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="30863640"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6869" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quranic_Studies">Qur'anic Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6869" type="text/json">{"id":6869,"name":"Qur'anic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quranic_Studies?f_ri=17003","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7983" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quranic_Studies-1">Quranic Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7983" type="text/json">{"id":7983,"name":"Quranic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quranic_Studies-1?f_ri=17003","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11150" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Studies">Islamic Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="11150" type="text/json">{"id":11150,"name":"Islamic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Studies?f_ri=17003","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15802" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Umayyads_Islamic_History_">Umayyads (Islamic History)</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="15802" type="text/json">{"id":15802,"name":"Umayyads (Islamic History)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Umayyads_Islamic_History_?f_ri=17003","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=30863640]'), work: {"id":30863640,"title":"لماذا وكيف يصبح النَّص مقدَّسًا؟","created_at":"2017-01-10T12:48:49.259-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/30863640/%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B0%D8%A7_%D9%88%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%81_%D9%8A%D8%B5%D8%A8%D8%AD_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%8E%D9%91%D8%B5_%D9%85%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%8E%D9%91%D8%B3%D9%8B%D8%A7_?f_ri=17003","dom_id":"work_30863640","summary":"Arabic translation of my paper « Pourquoi et comment se fait un texte canonique ? Quelques réflexions sur l’histoire du Coran », in Christian Brouwer, Guillaume Dye, Anja Van Rompaey, Hérésies : une construction d'identités religieuses, édition de l’Université de Bruxelles, 2015, p. 55-104, published on the Arabic website الحوار المتمدن (Al-hiwar al-mutamaddin).\n\nhttp://www.ahewar.org/debat/show.art.asp?aid=536360\n\nhttp://www.ahewar.org/debat/show.art.asp?aid=536801\n\nhttp://www.ahewar.org/debat/show.art.asp?aid=537139\n\nhttp://www.ahewar.org/debat/show.art.asp?aid=538221\n\nhttp://www.ahewar.org/debat/show.art.asp?aid=539112\n\nhttp://www.ahewar.org/debat/show.art.asp?aid=539813\n\nhttp://www.ahewar.org/debat/show.art.asp?aid=540881\n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":51296203,"asset_id":30863640,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1117457,"first_name":"Guillaume","last_name":"Dye","domain_name":"ulb","page_name":"GuillaumeDye","display_name":"Guillaume Dye","profile_url":"https://ulb.academia.edu/GuillaumeDye?f_ri=17003","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1117457/451984/13870286/s65_guillaume.dye.jpg"},{"id":4275706,"first_name":"Nacer","last_name":"Benrajeb","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"NacerBenrajeb","display_name":"Nacer Benrajeb","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/NacerBenrajeb?f_ri=17003","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4275706/1700426/2040582/s65_nacer.benrajeb.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":6869,"name":"Qur'anic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quranic_Studies?f_ri=17003","nofollow":true},{"id":7983,"name":"Quranic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quranic_Studies-1?f_ri=17003","nofollow":true},{"id":11150,"name":"Islamic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Studies?f_ri=17003","nofollow":true},{"id":15802,"name":"Umayyads (Islamic History)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Umayyads_Islamic_History_?f_ri=17003","nofollow":true},{"id":15866,"name":"Islam","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islam?f_ri=17003"},{"id":17003,"name":"Early Islam","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Islam?f_ri=17003"},{"id":26924,"name":"Canon Formation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Canon_Formation?f_ri=17003"},{"id":42055,"name":"Early Islamic History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Islamic_History?f_ri=17003"},{"id":422451,"name":"Canonization Processes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Canonization_Processes?f_ri=17003"},{"id":966431,"name":"Abd Al Malik","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Abd_Al_Malik?f_ri=17003"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_33816541" data-work_id="33816541" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/33816541/FERRIN_Eulogius_of_Cordoba_and_the_Arabization_of_Public_Life_in_Al_Andalus_pdf">FERRIN - Eulogius of Cordoba and the Arabization of Public Life in Al-Andalus.pdf</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Eulogius of Cordoba (d. 859) represents the first steps of an intellectual codification of Otherness in the Iberian Peninsula, short before the already clear Arabic chronicles and their Latin equivalent –Chronica Albendense-. In his view... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_33816541" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Eulogius of Cordoba (d. 859) represents the first steps of an intellectual codification of Otherness in the Iberian Peninsula, short before the already clear Arabic chronicles and their Latin equivalent –Chronica Albendense-. In his view of the social reality of Cordoba, Eulogius highlights an increasing Arabization of public life. Departing from a theoretical overview of religious identity and self-identification in the turning point from Late Antiquity until the Middle Ages, this paper aims to highlight the construction of Otherness in the Iberian Peninsula during the Ninth Century and the tradition of religious disputation, based on the Liber Apologeticus Martyrum and the Corpus Scriptorum Muzarabicorum.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/33816541" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d4c2a5b43b7b9ae41309cf2ead6d3c78" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":53801213,"asset_id":33816541,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53801213/download_file?st=MTc0MDk1ODM0OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="332444" href="https://us.academia.edu/EmilioGonzalezFerrin">Emilio Gonzalez-Ferrin</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="332444" type="text/json">{"id":332444,"first_name":"Emilio","last_name":"Gonzalez-Ferrin","domain_name":"us","page_name":"EmilioGonzalezFerrin","display_name":"Emilio Gonzalez-Ferrin","profile_url":"https://us.academia.edu/EmilioGonzalezFerrin?f_ri=17003","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/332444/1250410/1559919/s65_emilio.gonzalez-ferrin.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_33816541 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="33816541"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 33816541, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_33816541", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33816541]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_33816541").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_33816541").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="33816541"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12836" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Al-Andalus">Al-Andalus</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12836" type="text/json">{"id":12836,"name":"Al-Andalus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Al-Andalus?f_ri=17003","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="17003" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Islam">Early Islam</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="17003" type="text/json">{"id":17003,"name":"Early Islam","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Islam?f_ri=17003","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="33335" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Andalusia_Al-Andalus">Andalusia/Al-Andalus</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="33335" type="text/json">{"id":33335,"name":"Andalusia/Al-Andalus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Andalusia_Al-Andalus?f_ri=17003","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="42055" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Islamic_History">Early Islamic History</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="42055" type="text/json">{"id":42055,"name":"Early Islamic History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Islamic_History?f_ri=17003","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=33816541]'), work: {"id":33816541,"title":"FERRIN - Eulogius of Cordoba and the Arabization of Public Life in Al-Andalus.pdf","created_at":"2017-07-08T15:39:47.274-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/33816541/FERRIN_Eulogius_of_Cordoba_and_the_Arabization_of_Public_Life_in_Al_Andalus_pdf?f_ri=17003","dom_id":"work_33816541","summary":"Eulogius of Cordoba (d. 859) represents the first steps of an intellectual codification of Otherness in the Iberian Peninsula, short before the already clear Arabic chronicles and their Latin equivalent –Chronica Albendense-. In his view of the social reality of Cordoba, Eulogius highlights an increasing Arabization of public life. Departing from a theoretical overview of religious identity and self-identification in the turning point from Late Antiquity until the Middle Ages, this paper aims to highlight the construction of Otherness in the Iberian Peninsula during the Ninth Century and the tradition of religious disputation, based on the Liber Apologeticus Martyrum and the Corpus Scriptorum Muzarabicorum.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":53801213,"asset_id":33816541,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":332444,"first_name":"Emilio","last_name":"Gonzalez-Ferrin","domain_name":"us","page_name":"EmilioGonzalezFerrin","display_name":"Emilio Gonzalez-Ferrin","profile_url":"https://us.academia.edu/EmilioGonzalezFerrin?f_ri=17003","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/332444/1250410/1559919/s65_emilio.gonzalez-ferrin.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":12836,"name":"Al-Andalus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Al-Andalus?f_ri=17003","nofollow":true},{"id":17003,"name":"Early Islam","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Islam?f_ri=17003","nofollow":true},{"id":33335,"name":"Andalusia/Al-Andalus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Andalusia_Al-Andalus?f_ri=17003","nofollow":true},{"id":42055,"name":"Early Islamic History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Islamic_History?f_ri=17003","nofollow":true},{"id":46310,"name":"Al-Andalus History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Al-Andalus_History?f_ri=17003"},{"id":72585,"name":"Applied Islamology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Islamology?f_ri=17003"},{"id":252308,"name":"Islamology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamology?f_ri=17003"},{"id":785908,"name":"Post-Orientalism. Al-Andalus.","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Post-Orientalism._Al-Andalus?f_ri=17003"},{"id":2060843,"name":"Islamología","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamolog%C3%ADa?f_ri=17003"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_44942325" data-work_id="44942325" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/44942325/G_W_Bowersock_The_Crucible_of_Islam">G.W. Bowersock, The Crucible of Islam</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2017, 220 sayfa. ISBN 9780674057760 Erken İslam tarihi araştırmalarına dair gün geçtikçe zenginleşen ikincil literatüre, Bowersock'un son kitabı The Crucible of Islam ile (İslam'ın potası) önemli bir... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_44942325" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2017, 220 sayfa. ISBN 9780674057760 Erken İslam tarihi araştırmalarına dair gün geçtikçe zenginleşen ikincil literatüre, Bowersock'un son kitabı The Crucible of Islam ile (İslam'ın potası) önemli bir katkı daha sağlandı. Erken İslam tarihinin mevcut ikincil kaynak-larından farklı olarak, kitabının içeriğini, Ebrehe krallığının hakimiyetinden, Kubbetüssahra'nın inşasına kadar devam eden süreçle sınırlandıran Bower-sock, ele aldığı olağan dışı başlıklarıyla okuyucularına diğer kaynaklardan farklı bir değerlendirme çerçevesi çiziyor. Seçtiği bu başlıklarla konuyu, Eti-yopya, Filistin, Bizans ve Sâsânîler özelinde Geç Antikçağ'dan, İslam'ın ilerle-me sürecine doğru ele alan yazar, İslam'ın yayılış sürecindeki bütün önemli dinamikleri, İslam'ın içine doğmuş olduğu tarihsel ve coğrafî arka plan te-melinde ele alıyor. Bowersock, Empires in Collision ve Throne of Adulis adlı önemli iki diğer kitabında da genel olarak İslam öncesi dünyayı tasvir etme-ye özel olarak da Etiyopya ve Arabistan bölgesinin sosyopolitik dengelerine odaklansa da, diğerlerinden farklı olarak The Crucible of Islam'da İslam'ın tarihsel gelişimini kitabının merkezine alıyor ve bu dengeleri bu İslam'ın ge-lişiminin en büyük parçası olarak inceliyor. Bu bağlamda gayesini kitabının en başında açıklayan Bowersock, İslam'ın doğuşunu ele alan literatüre dair genel bir tarama yaptıktan sonra, çalışmasını mevcut literatüre yeni bir ek-leme yapma niyetiyle ortaya koymadığını; bundan ziyade dönemin kaotik şartlarının İslam'ın oluşumunu ve gelişimini nasıl mümkün hale getirdiğini anlamaya katkı sağlamak için yaptığını ifade ediyor. Bu sebeple, kitabın ön-celikli hedefinin, İslam'ın gelişimini daha iyi anlamak adına Yahudilik, Hris-tiyanlık ve paganlığın yaygın olduğu Arap yarımadasının sosyal ve kültürel çevresini tanımlamak olduğunu söylüyor. Bowersock, belirli bir hedef kitlesi tanımlamamış olsa da, The Crucible of Islam, bütün erken İslam tarihi okuyucularına, İslam tarihinin oluşum ve gelişim aşamalarını ele alan diğer ikincil kaynaklara nazaran daha kapsam-lı bir perspektif sunuyor. Bununla birlikte herhangi bir metodolojiye bağlı olma çabasında olmadığını belirten Bowersock, çizgisinin ne bütün kaynak-ları sorgusuz kabul etmek ne de onları tamamen göz ardı etmek olduğunu söyleyerek, sahip olduğu tek yöntemin kritik sebeplendirme ve sorgulama</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/44942325" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8e9dc968dd15907211c800391ce65203" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":65470469,"asset_id":44942325,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/65470469/download_file?st=MTc0MDk1ODM0OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="6865596" href="https://boun.academia.edu/Tu%C4%9FbaT%C3%BCrko%C4%9Flu">Tuğba Türkoğlu</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="6865596" type="text/json">{"id":6865596,"first_name":"Tuğba","last_name":"Türkoğlu","domain_name":"boun","page_name":"TuğbaTürkoğlu","display_name":"Tuğba Türkoğlu","profile_url":"https://boun.academia.edu/Tu%C4%9FbaT%C3%BCrko%C4%9Flu?f_ri=17003","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6865596/2644642/33407805/s65_tu_ba.t_rko_lu.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_44942325 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="44942325"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 44942325, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_44942325", }); 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Bu bağlamda gayesini kitabının en başında açıklayan Bowersock, İslam'ın doğuşunu ele alan literatüre dair genel bir tarama yaptıktan sonra, çalışmasını mevcut literatüre yeni bir ek-leme yapma niyetiyle ortaya koymadığını; bundan ziyade dönemin kaotik şartlarının İslam'ın oluşumunu ve gelişimini nasıl mümkün hale getirdiğini anlamaya katkı sağlamak için yaptığını ifade ediyor. Bu sebeple, kitabın ön-celikli hedefinin, İslam'ın gelişimini daha iyi anlamak adına Yahudilik, Hris-tiyanlık ve paganlığın yaygın olduğu Arap yarımadasının sosyal ve kültürel çevresini tanımlamak olduğunu söylüyor. Bowersock, belirli bir hedef kitlesi tanımlamamış olsa da, The Crucible of Islam, bütün erken İslam tarihi okuyucularına, İslam tarihinin oluşum ve gelişim aşamalarını ele alan diğer ikincil kaynaklara nazaran daha kapsam-lı bir perspektif sunuyor. 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Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quran_and_Sunnah_Studies?f_ri=17003"},{"id":195020,"name":"History of Islamic Sects","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Islamic_Sects?f_ri=17003"},{"id":479337,"name":"Shiism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Shiism-2?f_ri=17003"},{"id":525867,"name":"Al-Quran \u0026 Hadist","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Al-Quran_and_Hadist?f_ri=17003"},{"id":567546,"name":"Shia studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Shia_studies?f_ri=17003"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_46819194" data-work_id="46819194" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/46819194/The_Leadership_of_Muhammad_A_Historical_Reconstruction">The Leadership of Muhammad: A Historical Reconstruction</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Given Prophet Muhammad’s a immense impact on history, there are surprisingly few books that specifically analyse his leadership. The few that exist maintain that Muhammad was a wonderful leader because he was a wonderful man; that is, he... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_46819194" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Given Prophet Muhammad’s a immense impact on history, there are surprisingly few books that specifically analyse his leadership. The few that exist maintain that Muhammad was a wonderful leader because he was a wonderful man; that is, he succeeded in his mission because of his superior morality and personal qualities.<br /><br />Although it is widely agreed that Muhammad was a moral and decent man, this explanation seems incomplete and almost inadequate. Joel Hayward approaches the Prophet’s leadership from a different vantage point by scrutinising ancient sources to ascertain whether Muhammad’s conscious actions, behaviour, and methods can provide any substantial and meaningful insights about the effectiveness of his strategic leadership.<br /><br />Through meticulous research and rigorous analysis, Hayward demonstrates that Muhammad was an uncommonly astute and self-reflective man with the ability to create and communicate a believable strategic vision of a necessary and desirable future. This engaging yet deeply scholarly book makes a major contribution to both leadership studies and the Prophet’s biography.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/46819194" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="7129eaaaaf6a23c5dd9a708b8dde4385" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":68641727,"asset_id":46819194,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/68641727/download_file?st=MTc0MDk1ODM0OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="21870637" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JoelHayward4">Joel S A Hayward</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="21870637" type="text/json">{"id":21870637,"first_name":"Joel","last_name":"Hayward","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JoelHayward4","display_name":"Joel S A Hayward","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JoelHayward4?f_ri=17003","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/21870637/7115195/167915612/s65_joel.hayward.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_46819194 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="46819194"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 46819194, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_46819194", }); 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The few that exist maintain that Muhammad was a wonderful leader because he was a wonderful man; that is, he succeeded in his mission because of his superior morality and personal qualities.\n\nAlthough it is widely agreed that Muhammad was a moral and decent man, this explanation seems incomplete and almost inadequate. Joel Hayward approaches the Prophet’s leadership from a different vantage point by scrutinising ancient sources to ascertain whether Muhammad’s conscious actions, behaviour, and methods can provide any substantial and meaningful insights about the effectiveness of his strategic leadership.\n\nThrough meticulous research and rigorous analysis, Hayward demonstrates that Muhammad was an uncommonly astute and self-reflective man with the ability to create and communicate a believable strategic vision of a necessary and desirable future. 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86-109.","created_at":"2016-03-03T02:39:55.105-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/22738453/_Muhammad_in_Rainer_Brunner_ed_Der_Islam_Einheit_und_Vielfalt_einer_Weltreligion_Stuttgart_2016_86_109?f_ri=17003","dom_id":"work_22738453","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":47291340,"asset_id":22738453,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1950450,"first_name":"Andreas","last_name":"Goerke","domain_name":"edinburgh","page_name":"AndreasGoerke","display_name":"Andreas Goerke","profile_url":"https://edinburgh.academia.edu/AndreasGoerke?f_ri=17003","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1950450/874007/15036454/s65_andreas.goerke.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":11150,"name":"Islamic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Studies?f_ri=17003","nofollow":true},{"id":12391,"name":"History of Islam","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Islam?f_ri=17003","nofollow":true},{"id":14288,"name":"History of 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href="https://www.academia.edu/38192052/Mental_Hospitals_in_Pre_Modern_Society_Antiquity_Byzantium_Western_Europe_and_Islam_Some_Reconsiderations_in_J_Rantala_ed_Gender_Memory_and_Identity_in_the_Roman_World_Amsterdam_University_Press_Amsterdam_2019_p_301_324">Mental Hospitals in Pre-Modern Society: Antiquity, Byzantium, Western Europe and Islam. Some Reconsiderations, in J. Rantala (ed.), Gender, Memory, and Identity in the Roman World (Amsterdam University Press, Amsterdam, 2019) p. 301-324.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Historians of the pre-modern period mostly come up with early Islamic society as the 'true' inventor of mental asylums. To Michel Foucault, it was the rational response of the Age of Enlightenment that separated the mad completely from... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_38192052" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Historians of the pre-modern period mostly come up with early Islamic society as the 'true' inventor of mental asylums. To Michel Foucault, it was the rational response of the Age of Enlightenment that separated the mad completely from society. This paper argues that the famous quest for the prima causa has led historians to not seeing more fundamental issues: what was really going on in hospitals, or the profound impact of demonology and possession in different cultures alike. Moreover, I argue that the roots of the existential approach towards the mentally challenged at least go back to Late Antiquity: the miracles performed by Jesus, and subsequently by the saints, caused certain categories of disabilities to become more established and canonized than others.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/38192052" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="0b038c84875e8a28a0f1ef8d3eb85ac7" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":58229307,"asset_id":38192052,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58229307/download_file?st=MTc0MDk1ODM0OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2275553" href="https://manchester.academia.edu/ChristianLaes">Christian Laes</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2275553" type="text/json">{"id":2275553,"first_name":"Christian","last_name":"Laes","domain_name":"manchester","page_name":"ChristianLaes","display_name":"Christian Laes","profile_url":"https://manchester.academia.edu/ChristianLaes?f_ri=17003","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2275553/723748/898753/s65_christian.laes.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_38192052 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="38192052"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 38192052, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_38192052", }); 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Some Reconsiderations, in J. Rantala (ed.), Gender, Memory, and Identity in the Roman World (Amsterdam University Press, Amsterdam, 2019) p. 301-324.","created_at":"2019-01-21T10:06:23.979-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/38192052/Mental_Hospitals_in_Pre_Modern_Society_Antiquity_Byzantium_Western_Europe_and_Islam_Some_Reconsiderations_in_J_Rantala_ed_Gender_Memory_and_Identity_in_the_Roman_World_Amsterdam_University_Press_Amsterdam_2019_p_301_324?f_ri=17003","dom_id":"work_38192052","summary":"Historians of the pre-modern period mostly come up with early Islamic society as the 'true' inventor of mental asylums. To Michel Foucault, it was the rational response of the Age of Enlightenment that separated the mad completely from society. This paper argues that the famous quest for the prima causa has led historians to not seeing more fundamental issues: what was really going on in hospitals, or the profound impact of demonology and possession in different cultures alike. Moreover, I argue that the roots of the existential approach towards the mentally challenged at least go back to Late Antiquity: the miracles performed by Jesus, and subsequently by the saints, caused certain categories of disabilities to become more established and canonized than others.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":58229307,"asset_id":38192052,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2275553,"first_name":"Christian","last_name":"Laes","domain_name":"manchester","page_name":"ChristianLaes","display_name":"Christian Laes","profile_url":"https://manchester.academia.edu/ChristianLaes?f_ri=17003","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2275553/723748/898753/s65_christian.laes.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3620,"name":"Comparative History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_History?f_ri=17003","nofollow":true},{"id":7336,"name":"Disability 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Religious Change</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/13926828" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="347b215b9fc30c8b56a42d64d7d829b6" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":38161048,"asset_id":13926828,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" 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Tombstones","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Tombstones?f_ri=17003"},{"id":852533,"name":"Material Architecture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Material_Architecture?f_ri=17003"},{"id":1489933,"name":"Tomb epitaphs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tomb_epitaphs?f_ri=17003"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_4218893" data-work_id="4218893" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/4218893/The_Quranic_Noah_and_the_Making_of_the_Islamic_Prophet_A_Study_of_Intertextuality_and_Religious_Identity_Formation_in_Late_Antiquity_2015_Book_Monograph_">The Quranic Noah and the Making of the Islamic Prophet: A Study of Intertextuality and Religious Identity Formation in Late Antiquity [2015] / Book (Monograph)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The quranic Noah narratives provide a fascinating window into the making of Muhammad as an eschatological prophet. This book examines their form, content, and sources as a means of deciphering the scribal and intertextual nature of the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_4218893" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The quranic Noah narratives provide a fascinating window into the making of Muhammad as an eschatological prophet. This book examines their form, content, and sources as a means of deciphering the scribal and intertextual nature of the Qur'an and the Jewish-Christian background of the messianic controversy out of which Islam emerged. The view that Muhammad was once tentatively though of as a new Messiah challenges our picture of Islam's origins.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/4218893" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="08ee3d93f21f474334893cf631a8dac5" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":38934237,"asset_id":4218893,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/38934237/download_file?st=MTc0MDk1ODM0OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="394782" href="https://slu.academia.edu/CarlosSegovia">Carlos Segovia</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="394782" type="text/json">{"id":394782,"first_name":"Carlos","last_name":"Segovia","domain_name":"slu","page_name":"CarlosSegovia","display_name":"Carlos Segovia","profile_url":"https://slu.academia.edu/CarlosSegovia?f_ri=17003","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/394782/578537/153946041/s65_carlos.segovia.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_4218893 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="4218893"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 4218893, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_4218893", }); 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Utopias of Deliverance in Seventh-Century Apocalyptic Discourse" in B. Neil and K. Simic (eds.) Memories of Utopia: The Revision of Histories and Landscapes in Late Antiquity (Abington, Routledge 2020), 171-188. 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When, Where, and to Whom? Studies on the Rise of Islam and Various Other Topics in Memory of John Wansbrough [with Basil Lourié, 2012] / Book (Co-edited Volume)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized"><a href="https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.31826/9781463234812/html" rel="nofollow">https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.31826/9781463234812/html</a> Abstract: John Wansbrough is famous for his pioneering studies on the "sectarian milieu" out of which Islam emerged. In his view, Islam grew out of different – albeit... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_1554213" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden"><a href="https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.31826/9781463234812/html" rel="nofollow">https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.31826/9781463234812/html</a> <br /> <br />Abstract: John Wansbrough is famous for his pioneering studies on the "sectarian milieu" out of which Islam emerged. In his view, Islam grew out of different – albeit rather marginal – Jewish and Christian traditions whose intertwinings deserve being studied. In the present volume, which is dedicated to Wansbrough's memory, specialists in Islamic studies and students of the Jewish and early Christian traditions out of which Islam presumably arose summarise Wansbrough's achievements in the past thirty years. 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