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class="vector-toc-link" href="#Conversion_of_the_Roman_Empire"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Conversion of the Roman Empire</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Conversion_of_the_Roman_Empire-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Peasant_revolts_in_the_Post-Reformation_era" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Peasant_revolts_in_the_Post-Reformation_era"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Peasant revolts in the Post-Reformation era</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Peasant_revolts_in_the_Post-Reformation_era-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_era" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_era"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Modern era</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern_era-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Anarchist_biblical_views_and_practices" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anarchist_biblical_views_and_practices"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Anarchist biblical views and practices</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Anarchist_biblical_views_and_practices-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Anarchist biblical views and practices subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Anarchist_biblical_views_and_practices-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Church_authority" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Church_authority"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Church authority</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Church_authority-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pacifism_and_nonviolence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pacifism_and_nonviolence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Pacifism and nonviolence</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pacifism_and_nonviolence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Simple_living" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Simple_living"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Simple living</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Simple_living-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-State_authority" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#State_authority"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>State authority</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-State_authority-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Swearing_of_oaths" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Swearing_of_oaths"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Swearing of oaths</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Swearing_of_oaths-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tax" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tax"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Tax</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tax-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vegetarianism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vegetarianism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>Vegetarianism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vegetarianism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Present-day_Christian_anarchist_groups" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Present-day_Christian_anarchist_groups"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Present-day Christian anarchist groups</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Present-day_Christian_anarchist_groups-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Present-day Christian anarchist groups subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Present-day_Christian_anarchist_groups-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Brotherhood_Church" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Brotherhood_Church"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Brotherhood Church</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Brotherhood_Church-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Catholic_Worker_Movement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Catholic_Worker_Movement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Catholic Worker Movement</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Catholic_Worker_Movement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Doukhobors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Doukhobors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Doukhobors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Doukhobors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Online_communities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Online_communities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Online communities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Online_communities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Criticism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Criticism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Criticism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Criticism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Further reading subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-19th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#19th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>19th century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-19th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-20th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#20th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>20th century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-20th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-21st_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#21st_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>21st century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-21st_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Christian anarchism</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 34 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-34" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">34 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B7%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="اللاسلطوية المسيحية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="اللاسلطوية المسيحية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anarquismo_cristiano" title="Anarquismo cristiano – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Anarquismo cristiano" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anarquisme_cristi%C3%A0" title="Anarquisme cristià – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Anarquisme cristià" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C5%99es%C5%A5ansk%C3%BD_anarchismus" title="Křesťanský anarchismus – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Křesťanský anarchismus" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristen_anarkisme" title="Kristen anarkisme – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kristen anarkisme" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christlicher_Anarchismus" title="Christlicher Anarchismus – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Christlicher Anarchismus" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BD%CE%B1%CF%81%CF%87%CE%BF%CF%87%CF%81%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%82" title="Αναρχοχριστιανισμός – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αναρχοχριστιανισμός" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anarquismo_cristiano" title="Anarquismo cristiano – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Anarquismo cristiano" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristana_anarkiismo" title="Kristana anarkiismo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kristana anarkiismo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anarchisme_chr%C3%A9tien" title="Anarchisme chrétien – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Anarchisme chrétien" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%EB%8F%85%EA%B5%90_%EC%95%84%EB%82%98%ED%82%A4%EC%A6%98" title="기독교 아나키즘 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="기독교 아나키즘" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%94%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%A5%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%AD%D5%AB%D5%A6%D5%B4" title="Քրիստոնեական անարխիզմ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Քրիստոնեական անարխիզմ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kr%C5%A1%C4%87anski_anarhizam" title="Kršćanski anarhizam – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kršćanski anarhizam" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anarkisme_Kristen" title="Anarkisme Kristen – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Anarkisme Kristen" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anarchismo_cristiano" title="Anarchismo cristiano – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Anarchismo cristiano" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%A8%D7%9B%D7%99%D7%96%D7%9D_%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%A6%D7%A8%D7%99" title="אנרכיזם נוצרי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אנרכיזם נוצרי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anarchismus_Christianus" title="Anarchismus Christianus – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Anarchismus Christianus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anarcisme_cristian" title="Anarcisme cristian – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Anarcisme cristian" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kereszt%C3%A9ny_anarchizmus" title="Keresztény anarchizmus – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Keresztény anarchizmus" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Христијански анархизам – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Христијански анархизам" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christenanarchisme" title="Christenanarchisme – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Christenanarchisme" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anarquisme_cristian" title="Anarquisme cristian – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Anarquisme cristian" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chrze%C5%9Bcija%C5%84ski_anarchizm" title="Chrześcijański anarchizm – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Chrześcijański anarchizm" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anarquismo_crist%C3%A3o" title="Anarquismo cristão – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Anarquismo cristão" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anarhism_cre%C8%99tin" title="Anarhism creștin – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Anarhism creștin" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Христианский анархизм – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Христианский анархизм" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kres%C5%A5ansk%C3%BD_anarchizmus" title="Kresťanský anarchizmus – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kresťanský anarchizmus" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist template-anarchism-sidebar"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Anarchism" title="Category:Anarchism">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Anarchism" title="Anarchism">Anarchism</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image skin-invert-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Anarchy-symbol.svg" class="mw-file-description" title=""Circle-A" anarchy symbol"><img alt=""Circle-A" anarchy symbol" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Anarchy-symbol.svg/75px-Anarchy-symbol.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Anarchy-symbol.svg/113px-Anarchy-symbol.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Anarchy-symbol.svg/150px-Anarchy-symbol.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-above"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_anarchism" title="Glossary of anarchism">Glossary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_anarchism" title="History of anarchism">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_anarchism" title="Outline of anarchism">Outline</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content-with-subgroup"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Category:Anarchist_schools_of_thought" title="Category:Anarchist schools of thought">Schools of thought</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="sidebar-subgroup"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarcha-feminism" title="Anarcha-feminism">Feminist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_anarchism" title="Green anarchism">Green</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarcho-primitivism" title="Anarcho-primitivism">Primitivist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_ecology_(Bookchin)" class="mw-redirect" title="Social ecology (Bookchin)">Social ecology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Total_liberation" title="Total liberation">Total liberation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Individualist_anarchism" title="Individualist anarchism">Individualist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Egoist_anarchism" title="Egoist anarchism">Egoist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_anarchism" title="Market anarchism">Market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarcho-naturism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anarcho-naturism">Naturist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophical_anarchism" title="Philosophical anarchism">Philosophical</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutualism_(economic_theory)" title="Mutualism (economic theory)">Mutualist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National-anarchism" title="National-anarchism">National-</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postcolonial_anarchism" title="Postcolonial anarchism">Postcolonial</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_anarchism" class="mw-redirect" title="African anarchism">African</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_anarchism" title="Black anarchism">Black</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queer_anarchism" title="Queer anarchism">Queer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_and_religion" title="Anarchism and religion">Religious</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Christian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_anarchism" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish anarchism">Jewish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_anarchism" title="Social anarchism">Social</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Collectivist_anarchism" title="Collectivist anarchism">Collectivist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parecon" class="mw-redirect" title="Parecon">Parecon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarcho-communism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anarcho-communism">Communist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Magonism" title="Magonism">Magonism</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_without_adjectives" title="Anarchism without adjectives">Without adjectives</a></li></ul> </td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Methodology</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Counter-economics" title="Counter-economics">Counter-economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illegalism" title="Illegalism">Illegalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurrectionary_anarchism" title="Insurrectionary anarchism">Insurrectionary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarcho-pacifism" title="Anarcho-pacifism">Pacifist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platformism" title="Platformism">Platformism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relationship_anarchy" title="Relationship anarchy">Relationship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarcho-syndicalism" title="Anarcho-syndicalism">Syndicalist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synthesis_anarchism" title="Synthesis anarchism">Synthesis</a></li></ul> </td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Anarchist_theory" title="Category:Anarchist theory">Theory</a></li> <li>Practice</li></ul></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchy" title="Anarchy">Anarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchist_Black_Cross" title="Anarchist Black Cross">Anarchist Black Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchist_criminology" title="Anarchist criminology">Anarchist criminology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anationalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anationalism">Anationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-authoritarianism" title="Anti-authoritarianism">Anti-authoritarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-capitalism" title="Anti-capitalism">Anti-capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antimilitarism" title="Antimilitarism">Anti-militarism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Affinity_group" title="Affinity group">Affinity group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_social_center" class="mw-redirect" title="Autonomous social center">Autonomous social center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_bloc" title="Black bloc">Black bloc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classless_society" title="Classless society">Classless society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Class_conflict" title="Class conflict">Class struggle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consensus_decision-making" title="Consensus decision-making">Consensus decision-making</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conscientious_objector" title="Conscientious objector">Conscientious objector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critique_of_work" title="Critique of work">Critique of work</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decentralization" title="Decentralization">Decentralization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep_ecology" title="Deep ecology">Deep ecology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Direct_action" title="Direct action">Direct action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_love" title="Free love">Free love</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freethought" title="Freethought">Freethought</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horizontalidad" title="Horizontalidad">Horizontalidad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Individualism" title="Individualism">Individualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchist_law" title="Anarchist law">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutual_aid_(organization_theory)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mutual aid (organization theory)">Mutual aid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Participatory_politics" class="mw-redirect" title="Participatory politics">Participatory politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Permanent_autonomous_zone" class="mw-redirect" title="Permanent autonomous zone">Permanent autonomous zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prefigurative_politics" title="Prefigurative politics">Prefigurative politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proletarian_internationalism" title="Proletarian internationalism">Proletarian internationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propaganda_of_the_deed" title="Propaganda of the deed">Propaganda of the deed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refusal_of_work" title="Refusal of work">Refusal of work</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolution" title="Revolution">Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rewilding_(anarchism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rewilding (anarchism)">Rewilding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabotage" title="Sabotage">Sabotage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Security_culture" title="Security culture">Security culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-ownership" title="Self-ownership">Self-ownership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_ecology_(Bookchin)" class="mw-redirect" title="Social ecology (Bookchin)">Social ecology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sociocracy" title="Sociocracy">Sociocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somatherapy" class="mw-redirect" title="Somatherapy">Somatherapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spontaneous_order" title="Spontaneous order">Spontaneous order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squatting" title="Squatting">Squatting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temporary_Autonomous_Zone" title="Temporary Autonomous Zone">Temporary autonomous zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_egoists" title="Union of egoists">Union of egoists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voluntary_association" title="Voluntary association">Voluntary association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers%27_council" title="Workers' council">Workers' council</a></li> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Category:Anarchists" title="Category:Anarchists">People</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ashanti_Alston" title="Ashanti Alston">Alston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile_Armand" title="Émile Armand">Armand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ba_Jin" title="Ba Jin">Ba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Bakunin" title="Mikhail Bakunin">Bakunin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Berkman" title="Alexander Berkman">Berkman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfredo_Bonanno" title="Alfredo Bonanno">Bonanno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murray_Bookchin" title="Murray Bookchin">Bookchin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martial_Bourdin" title="Martial Bourdin">Bourdin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noam_Chomsky" title="Noam Chomsky">Chomsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voltairine_de_Cleyre" title="Voltairine de Cleyre">Cleyre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Day" title="Dorothy Day">Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buenaventura_Durruti" title="Buenaventura Durruti">Durruti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Ellul" title="Jacques Ellul">Ellul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorenzo_Kom%27boa_Ervin" title="Lorenzo Kom'boa Ervin">Ervin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9bastien_Faure" title="Sébastien Faure">Faure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Fauset_MacDonald" title="Thomas Fauset MacDonald">Fauset MacDonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Ferrer" title="Francisco Ferrer">Ferrer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Feyerabend" title="Paul Feyerabend">Feyerabend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Severino_Di_Giovanni" title="Severino Di Giovanni">Giovanni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Godwin" title="William Godwin">Godwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emma_Goldman" title="Emma Goldman">Goldman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Gonz%C3%A1lez_Prada" title="Manuel González Prada">González Prada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Graeber" title="David Graeber">Graeber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Guillaume" title="James Guillaume">Guillaume</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/He_Zhen_(anarchist)" title="He Zhen (anarchist)">He-Yin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanno_Sugako" title="Kanno Sugako">Kanno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dtoku_Sh%C5%ABsui" title="Kōtoku Shūsui">Kōtoku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Kropotkin" title="Peter Kropotkin">Kropotkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustav_Landauer" title="Gustav Landauer">Landauer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Shifu" title="Liu Shifu">Liu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ricardo_Flores_Mag%C3%B3n" title="Ricardo Flores Magón">Magón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nestor_Makhno" title="Nestor Makhno">Makhno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grigorii_Maksimov" title="Grigorii Maksimov">Maksimov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Errico_Malatesta" title="Errico Malatesta">Malatesta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ida_Mett" title="Ida Mett">Mett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_Michel" title="Louise Michel">Michel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Most" title="Johann Most">Most</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucy_Parsons" title="Lucy Parsons">Parsons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francesc_Pi_i_Margall" title="Francesc Pi i Margall">Pi i Margall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile_Pouget" title="Émile Pouget">Pouget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre-Joseph_Proudhon" title="Pierre-Joseph Proudhon">Proudhon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiratsuka_Raich%C5%8D" title="Hiratsuka Raichō">Raichō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89lis%C3%A9e_Reclus" title="Élisée Reclus">Reclus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Rocker" title="Rudolf Rocker">Rocker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diego_Abad_de_Santill%C3%A1n" title="Diego Abad de Santillán">Santillán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lysander_Spooner" title="Lysander Spooner">Spooner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Stirner" title="Max Stirner">Stirner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_David_Thoreau" title="Henry David Thoreau">Thoreau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_Tolstoy" title="Leo Tolstoy">Tolstoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Tucker" title="Benjamin Tucker">Tucker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volin" title="Volin">Volin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colin_Ward" title="Colin Ward">Ward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josiah_Warren" title="Josiah Warren">Warren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Efim_Yarchuk" title="Efim Yarchuk">Yarchuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Zerzan" title="John Zerzan">Zerzan</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Category:Issues_in_anarchism" title="Category:Issues in anarchism">Issues</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_and_animal_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Anarchism and animal rights">Animal rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_and_capitalism" title="Anarchism and capitalism">Capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_and_education" title="Anarchism and education">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_and_issues_related_to_love_and_sex" title="Anarchism and issues related to love and sex">Love and sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_and_nationalism" title="Anarchism and nationalism">Nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_and_religion" title="Anarchism and religion">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_and_violence" title="Anarchism and violence">Violence</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/History_of_anarchism" title="History of anarchism">History</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutions_of_1848" title="Revolutions of 1848">Revolutions of 1848</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Regional_Federation_of_the_IWA" title="Spanish Regional Federation of the IWA">Spanish Regional Federation of the IWA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris_Commune" title="Paris Commune">Paris Commune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hague_Congress_(1872)" title="Hague Congress (1872)">Hague Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantonal_rebellion" title="Cantonal rebellion">Cantonal rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haymarket_affair" title="Haymarket affair">Haymarket affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Conference_of_Rome_for_the_Social_Defense_Against_Anarchists" title="International Conference of Rome for the Social Defense Against Anarchists">International Conference of Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trial_of_the_Thirty" title="Trial of the Thirty">Trial of the Thirty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Conference_of_Rome_for_the_Social_Defense_Against_Anarchists" title="International Conference of Rome for the Social Defense Against Anarchists">International Conference of Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferrer_movement" title="Ferrer movement">Ferrer movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strandza_Commune" class="mw-redirect" title="Strandza Commune">Strandza Commune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Anarchist_Congress_of_Amsterdam" title="International Anarchist Congress of Amsterdam">Congress of Amsterdam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tragic_Week_(Spain)" title="Tragic Week (Spain)">Tragic Week</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Treason_Incident" title="High Treason Incident">High Treason Incident</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Manifesto_of_the_Sixteen" title="Manifesto of the Sixteen">Manifesto of the Sixteen</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Revolution_of_1918%E2%80%931919" class="mw-redirect" title="German Revolution of 1918–1919">German Revolution of 1918–1919</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bavarian_Soviet_Republic" title="Bavarian Soviet Republic">Bavarian Soviet Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1919_United_States_anarchist_bombings" title="1919 United States anarchist bombings">1919 United States bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biennio_Rosso" title="Biennio Rosso">Biennio Rosso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kronstadt_rebellion" title="Kronstadt rebellion">Kronstadt rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makhnovshchina" title="Makhnovshchina">Makhnovshchina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amakasu_Incident" title="Amakasu Incident">Amakasu Incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Revolution_of_1936" title="Spanish Revolution of 1936">Spanish Revolution of 1936</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barcelona_May_Days" class="mw-redirect" title="Barcelona May Days">Barcelona May Days</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_inverted_triangle" class="mw-redirect" title="Red inverted triangle">Red inverted triangle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labadie_Collection" title="Labadie Collection">Labadie Collection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provo_(movement)" title="Provo (movement)">Provo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_68" title="May 68">May 1968</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LIP_(company)" title="LIP (company)">LIP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kate_Sharpley_Library" title="Kate Sharpley Library">Kate Sharpley Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Anarchist_Centenary_Celebrations" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian Anarchist Centenary Celebrations">Australian Anarchist Centenary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnival_Against_Capital" title="Carnival Against Capital">Carnival Against Capital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_Seattle_WTO_protests" title="1999 Seattle WTO protests">1999 Seattle WTO protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Really_Really_Free_Market" title="Really Really Free Market">Really Really Free Market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupy_movement" title="Occupy movement">Occupy movement</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Category:Anarchist_culture" title="Category:Anarchist culture">Culture</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/A_las_Barricadas" title="A las Barricadas">A las Barricadas</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchist_bookfair" title="Anarchist bookfair">Anarchist bookfair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarcho-punk" title="Anarcho-punk">Anarcho-punk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_and_the_arts" title="Anarchism and the arts">Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DIY_ethic" class="mw-redirect" title="DIY ethic">DIY ethic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Escuela_Moderna" class="mw-redirect" title="Escuela Moderna">Escuela Moderna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_dealing_with_anarchism" title="List of films dealing with anarchism">Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freeganism" title="Freeganism">Freeganism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infoshop" title="Infoshop">Infoshop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Media_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent Media Center">Independent Media Center</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Internationale" title="The Internationale">The Internationale</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_anarchism" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish anarchism">Jewish anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lifestyle_anarchism" class="mw-redirect" title="Lifestyle anarchism">Lifestylism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Workers%27_Day" title="International Workers' Day">May Day</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/No_gods,_no_masters" class="mw-redirect" title="No gods, no masters">No gods, no masters</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_education" title="Popular education">Popular education</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Property_is_theft!" class="mw-redirect" title="Property is theft!">Property is theft!</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radical_cheerleading" title="Radical cheerleading">Radical cheerleading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radical_environmentalism" title="Radical environmentalism">Radical environmentalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-managed_social_center" title="Self-managed social center">Self-managed social center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchist_symbolism" title="Anarchist symbolism">Symbolism</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Category:Anarchist_economics" title="Category:Anarchist economics">Economics</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Communization" title="Communization">Communization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooperative" title="Cooperative">Cooperative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cost_the_limit_of_price" title="Cost the limit of price">Cost the limit of price</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planned_economy#Decentralized_planning" title="Planned economy">Decentralized planned economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_association_of_producers" title="Free association of producers">Free association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_strike" title="General strike">General strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gift_economy" title="Gift economy">Gift economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Give-away_shop" title="Give-away shop">Give-away shop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_voucher" title="Labour voucher">Labour voucher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_socialism" title="Market socialism">Market socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutual_bank" title="Mutual bank">Mutual bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutual_credit" title="Mutual credit">Mutual credit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_ownership" title="Social ownership">Social ownership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wage_slavery" title="Wage slavery">Wage slavery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers%27_self-management" title="Workers' self-management">Workers' self-management</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/List_of_anarchist_movements_by_region" title="List of anarchist movements by region">By region</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Africa" title="Anarchism in Africa">Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Albania" title="Anarchism in Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Algeria" title="Anarchism in Algeria">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Andorra" title="Anarchism in Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Argentina" title="Anarchism in Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Armenia" title="Anarchism in Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Australia" title="Anarchism in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Austria" title="Anarchism in Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Azerbaijan" title="Anarchism in Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Bangladesh" title="Anarchism in Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Belarus" title="Anarchism in Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Belgium" title="Anarchism in Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Bolivia" title="Anarchism in Bolivia">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Anarchism in Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Brazil" title="Anarchism in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Bulgaria" title="Anarchism in Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Canada" title="Anarchism in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Chile" title="Anarchism in Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_China" title="Anarchism in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Colombia" title="Anarchism in Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Costa_Rica" title="Anarchism in Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Croatia" title="Anarchism in Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Cuba" title="Anarchism in Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Cyprus" title="Anarchism in Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_the_Czech_Republic" title="Anarchism in the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Denmark" title="Anarchism in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Anarchism in the Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_East_Timor" title="Anarchism in East Timor">East Timor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Ecuador" title="Anarchism in Ecuador">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Egypt" title="Anarchism in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_El_Salvador" title="Anarchism in El Salvador">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Estonia" title="Anarchism in Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Finland" title="Anarchism in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_France" title="Anarchism in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_French_Guiana" title="Anarchism in French Guiana">French Guiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Georgia" title="Anarchism in Georgia">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Germany" title="Anarchism in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Greece" title="Anarchism in Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Guatemala" title="Anarchism in Guatemala">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Hong_Kong" title="Anarchism in Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Hungary" title="Anarchism in Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Iceland" title="Anarchism in Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_India" title="Anarchism in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Indonesia" title="Anarchism in Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Iran" title="Anarchism in Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Ireland" title="Anarchism in Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Israel" title="Anarchism in Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Italy" title="Anarchism in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Japan" title="Anarchism in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Korea" title="Anarchism in Korea">Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Latvia" title="Anarchism in Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Malaysia" title="Anarchism in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Mexico" title="Anarchism in Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Monaco" title="Anarchism in Monaco">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Mongolia" title="Anarchism in Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Morocco" title="Anarchism in Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_the_Netherlands" title="Anarchism in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_New_Zealand" title="Anarchism in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Nicaragua" title="Anarchism in Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Nigeria" title="Anarchism in Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Norway" title="Anarchism in Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Panama" title="Anarchism in Panama">Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Paraguay" title="Anarchism in Paraguay">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Peru" title="Anarchism in Peru">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_the_Philippines" title="Anarchism in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Poland" title="Anarchism in Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Portugal" title="Anarchism in Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Puerto_Rico" title="Anarchism in Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Romania" title="Anarchism in Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Russia" title="Anarchism in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Serbia" title="Anarchism in Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Singapore" title="Anarchism in Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_South_Africa" title="Anarchism in South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Spain" title="Anarchism in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Sweden" title="Anarchism in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Switzerland" title="Anarchism in Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Syria" title="Anarchism in Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Taiwan" title="Anarchism in Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Tunisia" title="Anarchism in Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Turkey" title="Anarchism in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Ukraine" title="Anarchism in Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Anarchism in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_the_United_States" title="Anarchism in the United States">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Uruguay" title="Anarchism in Uruguay">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Venezuela" title="Anarchism in Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Vietnam" title="Anarchism in Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Lists</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_anarcho-punk_bands" title="List of anarcho-punk bands">Anarcho-punk bands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_books_about_anarchism" title="List of books about anarchism">Books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fictional_anarchists" title="List of fictional anarchists">Fictional characters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_dealing_with_anarchism" title="List of films dealing with anarchism">Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Jewish_anarchists" title="List of Jewish anarchists">Jewish anarchists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_anarchist_musicians" title="List of anarchist musicians">Musicians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_anarchist_periodicals" title="List of anarchist periodicals">Periodicals</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_anarchism" title="Outline of anarchism">Related topics</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-corporate_activism" title="Anti-corporate activism">Anti-corporatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-consumerism" title="Anti-consumerism">Anti-consumerism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-fascism" title="Anti-fascism">Anti-fascism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-globalization_movement" title="Anti-globalization movement">Anti-globalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-statism" title="Anti-statism">Anti-statism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-war_movement" title="Anti-war movement">Anti-war movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autarchism" title="Autarchism">Autarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autonomism" title="Autonomism">Autonomism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communism" title="Communism">Communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Definition_of_anarchism_and_libertarianism" title="Definition of anarchism and libertarianism">Definition of anarchism and libertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dual_Power" class="mw-redirect" title="Dual Power">Dual Power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_movement" title="Labour movement">Labour movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left_communism" title="Left communism">Left communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left-libertarianism" title="Left-libertarianism">Left-libertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarianism" title="Libertarianism">Libertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_socialism" title="Libertarian socialism">Libertarian socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marxism" title="Marxism">Marxism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relationship_between_Friedrich_Nietzsche_and_Max_Stirner" title="Relationship between Friedrich Nietzsche and Max Stirner">Relationship between Friedrich<br />Nietzsche and Max Stirner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Situationist_International" title="Situationist International">Situationist International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialism" title="Socialism">Socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spontaneous_order" title="Spontaneous order">Spontaneous order</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <ul><li><span class="skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BlackFlagSymbol.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/BlackFlagSymbol.svg/15px-BlackFlagSymbol.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/BlackFlagSymbol.svg/23px-BlackFlagSymbol.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/BlackFlagSymbol.svg/30px-BlackFlagSymbol.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="456" data-file-height="456" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Anarchism" title="Portal:Anarchism">Anarchism portal</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/15px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/23px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/30px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" 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<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of a series on the</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Christian_theology" title="History of Christian theology">History of<br />Christian theology</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Malmesbury Abbey's 1407 Bible from Belgium"><img alt="Malmesbury Abbey's 1407 Bible from Belgium" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg/220px-Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg/330px-Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg/440px-Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1993" data-file-height="1300" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Background</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_theology" title="Christian theology">Christian theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diversity_in_early_Christian_theology" title="Diversity in early Christian theology">Diversity in early Christian theology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adoptionism" title="Adoptionism">Adoptionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arianism" title="Arianism">Arianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Docetism" title="Docetism">Docetism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gnosticism" title="Gnosticism">Gnosticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcionism" title="Marcionism">Marcionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montanism" title="Montanism">Montanism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Christianity" title="Early Christianity">Early Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proto-orthodox_Christianity" title="Proto-orthodox Christianity">Proto-orthodox Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Christianity" title="Timeline of Christianity">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Christianity" title="History of Christianity">History of Christianity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:History_of_Christianity" title="Template:History of Christianity">Template:History of Christianity</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_polity" title="Ecclesiastical polity">Ecclesiastical polity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinity" title="Trinity">Trinitarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nontrinitarianism" title="Nontrinitarianism">Nontrinitarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christology" title="Christology">Christology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paterology" title="Paterology">Paterology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pneumatology" title="Pneumatology">Pneumatology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariology" title="Mariology">Mariology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_canon" title="Biblical canon">Biblical canon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deuterocanonical_books" title="Deuterocanonical books">Deuterocanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_hermeneutics" title="Biblical hermeneutics">Hermeneutics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theological_hermeneutics" title="Theological hermeneutics">Theological hermeneutics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_American_biblical_hermeneutics" title="African American biblical hermeneutics">African American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_American_biblical_hermeneutics" title="Asian American biblical hermeneutics">Asian American</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophical_theology" title="Philosophical theology">Philosophical theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_philosophy" title="Christian philosophy">Christian philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_apologetics" title="Christian apologetics">Christian apologetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Christian_thought_on_persecution_and_tolerance" title="History of Christian thought on persecution and tolerance">Persecution and tolerance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_theology" title="Historical theology">Historical theology</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Ecumenical_creeds" title="Ecumenical creeds">Ecumenical Creeds</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apostles%27_Creed" title="Apostles' Creed">Apostles'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicene_Creed" title="Nicene Creed">Nicene</a></li> <li><br /><a href="/wiki/Chalcedonian_Definition" title="Chalcedonian Definition">Chalcedonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athanasian_Creed" title="Athanasian Creed">Athanasian</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Patristics" title="Patristics">Patristics</a> and <a href="/wiki/First_seven_ecumenical_councils" title="First seven ecumenical councils">Councils</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great_Church" title="Great Church">Great church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_ante-Nicene_period" title="Christianity in the ante-Nicene period">ante-Nicene period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_Fathers" title="Church Fathers">Church Fathers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Fathers" title="Apostolic Fathers">Apostolic Fathers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cappadocian_Fathers" title="Cappadocian Fathers">Cappadocian Fathers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desert_Fathers" title="Desert Fathers">Desert Fathers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desert_Mothers" title="Desert Mothers">Desert Mothers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustine_of_Hippo" title="Augustine of Hippo">Augustine</a></li> <li><br /> <a href="/wiki/First_Council_of_Nicaea" title="First Council of Nicaea">Nicaea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Ephesus" title="Council of Ephesus">Ephesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Chalcedon" title="Council of Chalcedon">Chalcedon</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Post-Nicene development</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heresy_in_Christianity" title="Heresy in Christianity">Heresy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monophysitism" title="Monophysitism">Monophysitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monothelitism" title="Monothelitism">Monothelitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Iconoclasm" title="Byzantine Iconoclasm">Byzantine Iconoclasm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_I" title="Pope Gregory I">Gregory I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcuin" title="Alcuin">Alcuin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photios_I_of_Constantinople" title="Photios I of Constantinople">Photios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East%E2%80%93West_Schism" title="East–West Schism">East–West Schism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scholasticism" title="Scholasticism">Scholasticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Aquinas" title="Thomas Aquinas">Aquinas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anselm_of_Canterbury" title="Anselm of Canterbury">Anselm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_Palamas" title="Gregory Palamas">Palamas</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Reformation" title="Reformation">Reformation</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther" title="Martin Luther">Martin Luther</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theology_of_Martin_Luther" title="Theology of Martin Luther">Theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ninety-five_Theses" title="Ninety-five Theses">95 Theses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Calvin" title="John Calvin">John Calvin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radical_Reformation" title="Radical Reformation">Radical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelicalism" title="Evangelicalism">Evangelicalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_theology" title="Evangelical theology">theology</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five_solae" title="Five solae">Five <i>solae</i></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Concord" title="Book of Concord">Book of Concord</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arminianism" title="Arminianism">Arminianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Reformation" title="English Reformation">English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counter-Reformation" title="Counter-Reformation">Counter-</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Trent" title="Council of Trent">Trent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jansenism" title="Jansenism">Jansenism</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">From the Reformation to the World Wars</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Natural_theology" title="Natural theology">Natural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Practical_theology" title="Practical theology">Practical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pietism" title="Pietism">Pietism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Wesley" title="John Wesley">John Wesley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Awakening" title="Great Awakening">Great Awakenings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holiness_movement" title="Holiness movement">Holiness movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Restoration_Movement" title="Restoration Movement">Restoration Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_existentialism" title="Christian existentialism">Existentialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dogmatic_theology" title="Dogmatic theology">Dogmatic theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fundamental_theology" title="Fundamental theology">Fundamental/foundational</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Christianity" title="Liberal Christianity">Liberal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Secular_theology" title="Secular theology">Secular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modernism_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Modernism in the Catholic Church">Catholic Modernism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Anglo-Catholicism" title="Liberal Anglo-Catholicism">Anglo-Catholic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theological_critical_realism" title="Theological critical realism">Critical realism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_theology" title="Political theology">Political</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Since the World Wars</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Second_Vatican_Council" title="Second Vatican Council">Vatican II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Situational_ethics" title="Situational ethics">Situational ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nouvelle_th%C3%A9ologie" title="Nouvelle théologie"><i>Nouvelle théologie</i> (<i>Ressourcement</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_God_theology" title="Death of God theology">Death of God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postliberal_theology" title="Postliberal theology">Postliberal  •  Narrative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postmodern_theology" title="Postmodern theology">Continental philosophy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Radical_orthodoxy" title="Radical orthodoxy">Radical orthodoxy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-orthodoxy" title="Neo-orthodoxy">Neo-orthodoxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleo-orthodoxy" title="Paleo-orthodoxy">Paleo-orthodoxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reconciliation_theology" title="Reconciliation theology">Reconciliation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_theism" title="Open theism">Open theism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Analytic_theology" title="Analytic theology">Analytic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Analytical_Thomism" title="Analytical Thomism">in Thomism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_atheism" title="Christian atheism">Atheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theopoetics" title="Theopoetics">Theopoetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theology_of_religions" title="Theology of religions">of religions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecumenism" title="Ecumenism">Ecumenism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_theology" title="Digital theology">Digital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transmodernism" title="Transmodernism">Transmodernism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constructive_theology" title="Constructive theology">Constructive</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ecotheology" title="Ecotheology">Eco-</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_theology" title="Environmental theology">Environmental</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_theology" title="Public theology">Public</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exotheology#Christianity" title="Exotheology">extraterrestrial life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Christianity" title="Progressive Christianity">Progressive Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moderate_Christianity" title="Moderate Christianity">Moderate Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Christianity" title="Conservative Christianity">Conservative Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emerging_church" title="Emerging church">Emerging church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confessing_Movement" title="Confessing Movement">Confessing Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_theology" title="Evangelical theology">Evangelical theology</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Contextual_theology" title="Contextual theology">Contextualisation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Inculturation" title="Inculturation">Inculturation</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_church_mission_theory" title="Indigenous church mission theory">Indigenous church mission theory</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Christian_theology" title="Sino-Christian theology">Sino-Christian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_feminism" title="Christian feminism">Feminist</a> in the broader movement of <a href="/wiki/Feminist_theology" title="Feminist theology">Feminist theology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asian_feminist_theology" title="Asian feminist theology">Asian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Womanist_theology" title="Womanist theology">Womanist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_feminism" title="New feminism">New</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queer_theology" title="Queer theology">Queer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberation_theology" title="Liberation theology">Liberation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_theology" title="Black theology">Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalit_theology" title="Dalit theology">Dalit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_American_liberation_theology" title="Latin American liberation theology">Latin American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minjung_theology" title="Minjung theology"><i>Minjung</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_liberation_theology" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian liberation theology">Palestinian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postcolonial_theology" title="Postcolonial theology">Postcolonial</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="background:#ddddff;"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P_christianity.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/16px-P_christianity.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/24px-P_christianity.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/32px-P_christianity.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Christianity" title="Portal:Christianity">Christianity portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:History_of_Christian_theology" title="Template:History of Christian theology"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:History_of_Christian_theology" title="Template talk:History of Christian theology"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:History_of_Christian_theology" title="Special:EditPage/Template:History of Christian theology"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Christian anarchism</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Christian_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian movement">Christian movement</a> in <a href="/wiki/Political_theology" title="Political theology">political theology</a> that claims <a href="/wiki/Anarchism" title="Anarchism">anarchism</a> is inherent in <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Gospel" title="Gospel">Gospels</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is grounded in the belief that there is only one source of authority to which Christians are ultimately answerable—the authority of God as embodied in the teachings of <a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Christianity" title="Jesus in Christianity">Jesus</a>. It therefore rejects the idea that human governments have ultimate authority over human societies. Christian anarchists denounce the <a href="/wiki/State_(polity)" title="State (polity)">state</a>, believing it is violent, deceitful and <a href="/wiki/Idolatrous" class="mw-redirect" title="Idolatrous">idolatrous</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CritiqueofViolence_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CritiqueofViolence-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChristoyannopoulos2010a254The_state_as_idolatry_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChristoyannopoulos2010a254The_state_as_idolatry-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Christian anarchists hold that the "Kingdom of God" is the proper expression of the relationship between God and humanity. Under the "Kingdom of God", human relationships would be characterized by horizontal organization, <a href="/wiki/Servant_leadership" title="Servant leadership">servant leadership</a>, and universal compassion—not through the traditional structures of <a href="/wiki/Organized_religion" title="Organized religion">organized religion</a>, which most Christian anarchists consider hierarchical and/or authoritarian structures.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most Christian anarchists are also <a href="/wiki/Christian_pacifism" title="Christian pacifism">pacifists</a> who reject war, militarism, and the use of violence.<sup id="cite_ref-CritiqueofViolence_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CritiqueofViolence-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>More than any other Bible source, the <a href="/wiki/Sermon_on_the_Mount" title="Sermon on the Mount">Beatitudes</a> are used as a basis for Christian anarchism.<sup id="cite_ref-Sermon_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sermon-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Leo_Tolstoy" title="Leo Tolstoy">Leo Tolstoy</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/The_Kingdom_of_God_Is_Within_You" title="The Kingdom of God Is Within You">The Kingdom of God Is Within You</a></i> is often regarded as a key text for modern Christian anarchism.<sup id="cite_ref-CritiqueofViolence_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CritiqueofViolence-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChristoyannopoulos2010a19_and_208Leo_Tolstoy_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChristoyannopoulos2010a19_and_208Leo_Tolstoy-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origins">Origins</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_anarchism&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Origins"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Old_Testament">Old Testament</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_anarchism&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Old Testament"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Ellul" title="Jacques Ellul">Jacques Ellul</a>, a French philosopher and Christian anarchist, notes that the final verse of the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Judges" title="Book of Judges">Book of Judges</a> (<a href="/wiki/Judges_21:25" class="mw-redirect" title="Judges 21:25">Judges 21:25</a>) states that there was no king in Israel and that "everyone did as they saw fit".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChristoyannopoulos2010a84–88Old_Testament_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChristoyannopoulos2010a84–88Old_Testament-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ellul1_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ellul1-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Subsequently, as recorded in the first <a href="/wiki/Books_of_Samuel" title="Books of Samuel">Book of Samuel</a> (<a href="/wiki/1_Samuel_8" title="1 Samuel 8">1 Samuel 8</a>) the <a href="/wiki/Israelites" title="Israelites">people of Israel</a> wanted a king "so as to be like other nations".<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>God declared that the people had rejected him as their king. He warned that a human king would lead to <a href="/wiki/Militarism" title="Militarism">militarism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Conscription" title="Conscription">conscription</a> and punitive <a href="/wiki/Tax#History" title="Tax">taxation</a>, and that their pleas for mercy from the king's demands would go unanswered. <a href="/wiki/Samuel" title="Samuel">Samuel</a> passed on God's warning to the Israelites but they still demanded a king, and <a href="/wiki/Saul" title="Saul">Saul</a> became their ruler.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Much of the subsequent <a href="/wiki/Old_Testament" title="Old Testament">Old Testament</a> chronicles the Israelites trying to live with this decision.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="New_Testament">New Testament</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_anarchism&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: New Testament"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bloch-SermonOnTheMount.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Bloch-SermonOnTheMount.jpg/170px-Bloch-SermonOnTheMount.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="191" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Bloch-SermonOnTheMount.jpg/255px-Bloch-SermonOnTheMount.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Bloch-SermonOnTheMount.jpg/340px-Bloch-SermonOnTheMount.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1377" data-file-height="1545" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Carl_Heinrich_Bloch" class="mw-redirect" title="Carl Heinrich Bloch">Carl Heinrich Bloch</a>'s depiction of the <a href="/wiki/Sermon_on_the_Mount" title="Sermon on the Mount">Sermon on the Mount</a></figcaption></figure> <p>More than any other Bible source, the <a href="/wiki/Sermon_on_the_Mount" title="Sermon on the Mount">Sermon on the Mount</a> is used as the basis for Christian anarchism.<sup id="cite_ref-Sermon_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sermon-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Christoyannopoulos" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexandre Christoyannopoulos">Alexandre Christoyannopoulos</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandre_Christoyannopoulos" class="extiw" title="fr:Alexandre Christoyannopoulos">fr</a>]</span> explains that the Sermon perfectly illustrates Jesus's central teaching of love and <a href="/wiki/Forgiveness" title="Forgiveness">forgiveness</a>. Christian anarchists claim that the state, founded on violence, contravenes the Sermon and Jesus' call to <a href="/wiki/Matthew_5:44" title="Matthew 5:44">love one's enemies</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Sermon_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sermon-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The gospels tell of <a href="/wiki/Temptation_of_Christ" title="Temptation of Christ">Jesus's temptation in the desert</a>. For the final temptation, Jesus is taken up to a high mountain by Satan and told that if he bows down to Satan he will give him all the kingdoms of the world.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Christian anarchists use this as evidence that all Earthly kingdoms and governments are ruled by Satan, otherwise they would not be Satan's to give.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jesus refuses the temptation, choosing to serve God instead, implying that Jesus is aware of the corrupting nature of Earthly power.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChristoyannopoulos2010a94Jesus'_third_temptation_in_the_wilderness_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChristoyannopoulos2010a94Jesus'_third_temptation_in_the_wilderness-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Christian_eschatology" title="Christian eschatology">Christian eschatology</a> and various Christian anarchists, such as Jacques Ellul, have identified the state and <a href="/wiki/Political_power" class="mw-redirect" title="Political power">political power</a> as the <a href="/wiki/The_Beast_(Revelation)" title="The Beast (Revelation)">Beast</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Revelation" title="Book of Revelation">Book of Revelation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChristoyannopoulos2010a123–126Revelation_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChristoyannopoulos2010a123–126Revelation-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Nietzsche" title="Friedrich Nietzsche">Friedrich Nietzsche</a> and Frank Seaver Billings criticize Christianity and anarchism by arguing that they are the same thing.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_Church">Early Church</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_anarchism&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Early Church"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_ante-Nicene_period" title="Christianity in the ante-Nicene period">Christianity in the ante-Nicene period</a> and <a href="/wiki/Early_Christianity" title="Early Christianity">Early Christianity</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2108-young-arrestthisman.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/2108-young-arrestthisman.jpg/220px-2108-young-arrestthisman.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="264" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/2108-young-arrestthisman.jpg/330px-2108-young-arrestthisman.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/2108-young-arrestthisman.jpg/440px-2108-young-arrestthisman.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4031" data-file-height="4838" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/The_Masses" title="The Masses">The Masses</a></i>, 1917 political cartoon by socialist cartoonist <a href="/wiki/Art_Young" title="Art Young">Art Young</a></figcaption></figure> <p>According to Alexandre Christoyannopoulos, several of the <a href="/wiki/Church_Fathers" title="Church Fathers">Church Fathers</a>' writings suggest anarchism as God's ideal.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChristoyannopoulos2010a243–246Early_Christians_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChristoyannopoulos2010a243–246Early_Christians-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first Christians opposed the primacy of the state: "We must obey God as ruler rather than men" (<a href="/wiki/Acts_of_the_Apostles" title="Acts of the Apostles">Acts</a> 4:19, 5:29, <a href="/wiki/First_Epistle_to_the_Corinthians" title="First Epistle to the Corinthians">1 Corinthians</a> 6:1-6); "Stripping the governments and the authorities bare, he exhibited them in open public as conquered, leading them in a triumphal procession by means of it." (<a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_the_Colossians" title="Epistle to the Colossians">Colossians</a> 2:15). Also, some early Christian communities appear to have practised <a href="/wiki/Anarchist_communism" title="Anarchist communism">anarchist communism</a>, such as the <a href="/wiki/First_Christian_church" class="mw-redirect" title="First Christian church">Jerusalem group</a> described in <a href="/wiki/Acts_of_the_Apostles" title="Acts of the Apostles">Acts</a>, who shared their money and labour equally and fairly among the members.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Roman Montero claims that using an anthropological framework, such as that of the anarchist David Graeber, one can plausibly reconstruct the communism of the early Christian communities and that the practices were widespread, long-lasting, and substantial.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Christian anarchists, such as Kevin Craig, insist that the communities were centred on true love and care for one another, rather than <a href="/wiki/Liturgy" title="Liturgy">liturgy</a>. They also allege that the reason for the <a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Christians_in_the_Roman_Empire" title="Persecution of Christians in the Roman Empire">early Christians were persecuted</a> was not that they worshipped Jesus Christ but that they refused to worship human <a href="/wiki/Idolatry" title="Idolatry">idols</a> claiming divine status (see <a href="/wiki/Imperial_cult_(ancient_Rome)" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial cult (ancient Rome)">Imperial cult</a>). Since they refused to worship the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Emperor" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Emperor">Roman Emperor</a>, they refused to swear any <a href="/wiki/Oath_of_allegiance" title="Oath of allegiance">oath of allegiance</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChristoyannopoulos2010a243–246Early_Christians_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChristoyannopoulos2010a243–246Early_Christians-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When requested that he swear by the emperor, Speratus, spokesperson of the <a href="/wiki/Scillitan_Martyrs" title="Scillitan Martyrs">Scillitan Martyrs</a>, said in 180CE, "I recognize not the empire of this world ... because I know my Lord, the King of kings and Emperor of all nations."<sup id="cite_ref-smith_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-smith-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In his introduction to a translation of the <i><a href="/wiki/Sayings_of_the_Desert_Fathers" title="Sayings of the Desert Fathers">Sayings of the Desert Fathers</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Merton" title="Thomas Merton">Thomas Merton</a> describes the early <a href="/wiki/Christian_monasticism" title="Christian monasticism">monastics</a> as "Truly in certain sense 'anarchists', and it will do no harm to think of them as such."<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the ante-Nicene period, there were several independent <a href="/wiki/Sect" title="Sect">sects</a> who took a radically different approach to Christianity from that of the <a href="/wiki/Proto-orthodox_Christianity" title="Proto-orthodox Christianity">Proto-Orthodox Church</a> and displayed anarchist tendencies by relying on direct <a href="/wiki/Revelation" title="Revelation">revelation</a>, rather than scripture, such as: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gnosticism" title="Gnosticism">Gnosticism</a>, particularly <a href="/wiki/Valentinianism" title="Valentinianism">Valentinianism</a> (2nd to 4th centuries) – reliance on revealed knowledge from a transcendent, unknowable God, who was a distinct divinity from the <a href="/wiki/Demiurge" title="Demiurge">Demiurge</a> who created and oversees the material world.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montanism" title="Montanism">Montanism</a> (2nd century) – relied on <a href="/wiki/Prophecy" title="Prophecy">prophetic</a> <a href="/wiki/Revelation" title="Revelation">revelations</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Spirit_in_Christianity" title="Holy Spirit in Christianity">Holy Spirit</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Conversion_of_the_Roman_Empire">Conversion of the Roman Empire</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_anarchism&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Conversion of the Roman Empire"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Constantine_I_and_Christianity" class="mw-redirect" title="Constantine I and Christianity">Constantine I and Christianity</a> and <a href="/wiki/State_church_of_the_Roman_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="State church of the Roman Empire">State church of the Roman Empire</a></div> <p>For Christian anarchists, the moment that epitomised the <a href="/wiki/Great_Apostasy" title="Great Apostasy">degeneration of Christianity</a> was the conversion of <a href="/wiki/Constantine_the_Great" title="Constantine the Great">Emperor Constantine</a> after his victory at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Milvian_Bridge" title="Battle of the Milvian Bridge">Battle of the Milvian Bridge</a> in 312.<sup id="cite_ref-CA_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CA-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Christianity was then legalized under the <a href="/wiki/Edict_of_Milan" title="Edict of Milan">Edict of Milan</a> in 313, which hastened the <a href="/wiki/Christian_Church" title="Christian Church">Church</a>'s transformation from a humble bottom-up <a href="/wiki/Sect" title="Sect">sect</a> to an authoritarian <a href="/wiki/Hierarchical_organization" title="Hierarchical organization">top-down organization</a>. Christian anarchists point out that marked the beginning of the "<a href="/wiki/Constantinian_shift" title="Constantinian shift">Constantinian shift</a>" in which Christianity gradually came to be identified with the will of the ruling elite by becoming the <a href="/wiki/State_church_of_the_Roman_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="State church of the Roman Empire">state church of the Roman Empire</a> and in some cases (such as the <a href="/wiki/Crusades" title="Crusades">Crusades</a>, <a href="/wiki/Inquisition" title="Inquisition">Inquisition</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/French_Wars_of_Religion" title="French Wars of Religion">French Wars of Religion</a>) a religious justification for violence.<sup id="cite_ref-CA_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CA-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Peasant_revolts_in_the_Post-Reformation_era">Peasant revolts in the Post-Reformation era</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_anarchism&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Peasant revolts in the Post-Reformation era"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Levellers_declaration_and_standard.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Levellers_declaration_and_standard.gif/220px-Levellers_declaration_and_standard.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="319" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Levellers_declaration_and_standard.gif/330px-Levellers_declaration_and_standard.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Levellers_declaration_and_standard.gif/440px-Levellers_declaration_and_standard.gif 2x" data-file-width="998" data-file-height="1445" /></a><figcaption>Woodcut from a <a href="/wiki/Diggers" title="Diggers">Diggers</a> document by <a href="/wiki/William_Everard_(Digger)" title="William Everard (Digger)">William Everard</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Various libertarian socialist authors have identified the written work of the English Protestant social reformer <a href="/wiki/Gerrard_Winstanley" title="Gerrard Winstanley">Gerrard Winstanley</a> and the social activism of his group, the <a href="/wiki/Diggers" title="Diggers">Diggers</a>, as anticipating their line of thought.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For the anarchist historian <a href="/wiki/George_Woodcock" title="George Woodcock">George Woodcock</a>, "Although <a href="/wiki/Pierre-Joseph_Proudhon" title="Pierre-Joseph Proudhon">(Pierre Joseph) Proudhon</a> was the first writer to call himself an anarchist, at least two predecessors outlined systems that contain all the basic elements of anarchism. The first was <a href="/wiki/Gerrard_Winstanley" title="Gerrard Winstanley">Gerrard Winstanley</a> (1609–1676), a linen draper who led the small movement of the Diggers during the Commonwealth. Winstanley and his followers protested in the name of a radical Christianity against the economic distress that followed the <a href="/wiki/English_Civil_War" title="English Civil War">Civil War</a> and against the inequality that the grandees of the New Model Army seemed intent on preserving. </p><p>In 1649–1650, the Diggers squatted on stretches of common land in southern England and attempted to set up communities based on work on the land and the sharing of goods. The communities failed following a crackdown by the English authorities, but a series of pamphlets by Winstanley survived, of which <i>The New Law of Righteousness</i> (1649) was the most important. Advocating a rational Christianity, Winstanley equated Christ with "the universal liberty" and declared the universally corrupting nature of authority. He saw "an equal privilege to share in the blessing of liberty" and detected an intimate link between the institution of property and the lack of freedom.<sup id="cite_ref-theanarchistlibrary1_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-theanarchistlibrary1-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For <a href="/wiki/Murray_Bookchin" title="Murray Bookchin">Murray Bookchin</a>, "In the modern world, anarchism first appeared as a movement of the peasantry and yeomanry against declining feudal institutions. In Germany its foremost spokesman during the Peasant Wars was <a href="/wiki/Thomas_M%C3%BCntzer" title="Thomas Müntzer">Thomas Müntzer</a>; in England, Gerrard Winstanley, a leading participant in the Digger movement. The concepts held by Müntzer and Winstanley were superbly attuned to the needs of their time – a historical period when the majority of the population lived in the countryside and when the most militant revolutionary forces came from an agrarian world. It would be painfully academic to argue whether Müntzer and Winstanley could have achieved their ideals. What is of real importance is that they spoke to their time; their anarchist concepts followed naturally from the rural society that furnished the bands of the peasant armies in Germany and the New Model in England."<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modern_era">Modern era</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_anarchism&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Modern era"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Leo_Tolstoy,_portrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Leo_Tolstoy%2C_portrait.jpg/220px-Leo_Tolstoy%2C_portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Leo_Tolstoy%2C_portrait.jpg/330px-Leo_Tolstoy%2C_portrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Leo_Tolstoy%2C_portrait.jpg/440px-Leo_Tolstoy%2C_portrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2467" data-file-height="3362" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Leo_Tolstoy" title="Leo Tolstoy">Leo Tolstoy</a> wrote the book <i><a href="/wiki/The_Kingdom_of_God_is_Within_You" class="mw-redirect" title="The Kingdom of God is Within You">The Kingdom of God is Within You</a></i>, which is considered an important Christian anarchist text.</figcaption></figure> <p>The 19th-century Christian abolitionists <a href="/wiki/Adin_Ballou" title="Adin Ballou">Adin Ballou</a> and <a href="/wiki/William_Lloyd_Garrison" title="William Lloyd Garrison">William Lloyd Garrison</a> were critical of all human governments and believed that they would be eventually supplanted by a new order in which individuals are guided solely by their love for God.<sup id="cite_ref-Anderson2017_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Anderson2017-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ballou and Garrison advocated <a href="/wiki/Christian_nonresistance" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian nonresistance">Christian nonresistance</a> to evil, as they saw Christ as the embodiment of "passive nonresistance", or nonviolent praxis against the state. They both condemned violence against southern slave owners and advocated instead for <a href="/wiki/Moral_suasion" title="Moral suasion">moral suasion</a> or consistent rebukes against the institution of slavery in efforts to persuade racist southerns and indifferent northerners to the abolitionist' cause. At the outbreak of the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">Civil War</a>, however, Garrison later embraced the armed struggle for black liberation and the <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_administration" class="mw-redirect" title="Lincoln administration">Lincoln administration</a>. Ballou remained a lifelong pacifist and condemned the Civil War for fear of the eventual retaliation by white southerns on freed black Americans. </p><p>Ballou's and Garrison's writings heavily influenced <a href="/wiki/Leo_Tolstoy" title="Leo Tolstoy">Leo Tolstoy</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Maude1911_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Maude1911-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who was inspired by their lifelong commitment to abolitionism. Tolstoy wrote extensively on his burgeoning Christian anarchist principles in nonfiction books like <i><a href="/wiki/The_Kingdom_of_God_is_Within_You" class="mw-redirect" title="The Kingdom of God is Within You">The Kingdom of God is Within You</a></i>, which is considered a key Christian anarchist text.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChristoyannopoulos2010a19_and_208Leo_Tolstoy_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChristoyannopoulos2010a19_and_208Leo_Tolstoy-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tolstoy sought to separate <a href="/wiki/Russian_Orthodox_Church" title="Russian Orthodox Church">Russian Orthodox</a> Christianity, which was merged with the <a href="/wiki/State_(polity)" title="State (polity)">state</a>, from what he believed was the true message of Jesus as contained in the Gospels, specifically in the <a href="/wiki/Sermon_on_the_Mount" title="Sermon on the Mount">Sermon on the Mount</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He took the viewpoint that all governments that wage war and churches that in turn support those governments, are an affront to the Christian principles of <a href="/wiki/Christian_nonviolence" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian nonviolence">nonviolence</a>. Although Tolstoy never actually used the term "Christian anarchism" in <i>The Kingdom of God Is Within You</i>, reviews of the book after its publication in 1894 appear to have coined the term.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jesus_Wanted.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Jesus_Wanted.jpg/180px-Jesus_Wanted.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Jesus_Wanted.jpg/270px-Jesus_Wanted.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Jesus_Wanted.jpg/360px-Jesus_Wanted.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption>Christian anarchist graffiti of Jesus Christ</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Thomas_J._Hagerty" title="Thomas J. Hagerty">Thomas J. Hagerty</a>, a Marxist Catholic priest turned oculist, was a primary author of the <a href="/wiki/Industrial_Workers_of_the_World" title="Industrial Workers of the World">Industrial Workers of the World</a> (IWW) Preamble<sup id="cite_ref-Dawkins2007_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dawkins2007-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ("an injury to one is an injury to all"<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>). IWW members included Christian anarchists like <a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Day" title="Dorothy Day">Dorothy Day</a><sup id="cite_ref-Dawkins2007_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dawkins2007-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Ammon_Hennacy" title="Ammon Hennacy">Ammon Hennacy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Rosemont2015_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rosemont2015-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Day" title="Dorothy Day">Dorothy Day</a> was a journalist turned social activist who became known for her social justice campaigns in defense of the poor. Alongside <a href="/wiki/Peter_Maurin" title="Peter Maurin">Peter Maurin</a>, she founded the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Worker" title="Catholic Worker">Catholic Worker</a> Movement in 1933, which espoused nonviolence and hospitality for the impoverished and the downtrodden.<sup id="cite_ref-Benowitz2017_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Benowitz2017-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Day was declared <a href="/wiki/Servant_of_God" title="Servant of God">Servant of God</a> when a cause for sainthood was opened for her by Pope <a href="/wiki/John_Paul_II" class="mw-redirect" title="John Paul II">John Paul II</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Day's <a href="/wiki/Distributist" class="mw-redirect" title="Distributist">distributist</a> economic views<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> are very similar to <a href="/wiki/Proudhon" class="mw-redirect" title="Proudhon">Proudhon</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Mutualism_(economic_theory)" title="Mutualism (economic theory)">mutualism</a> by which she was influenced.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Day also named the phrase "precarious work" based on the former anarchocommunist <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9once_Crenier" title="Léonce Crenier">Léonce Crenier</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Precarity_(Social_Christianity)" class="mw-redirect" title="Precarity (Social Christianity)">embrace of poverty</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-LambertHerod2016_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LambertHerod2016-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Peter Maurin's vision to transform the <a href="/wiki/Social_order" title="Social order">social order</a> consisted of establishing urban <a href="/wiki/House_of_hospitality" title="House of hospitality">houses of hospitality</a> to care for the destitute, rural farming communities to teach city dwellers <a href="/wiki/Agrarianism" title="Agrarianism">agrarianism</a> and encourage a movement <a href="/wiki/Back-to-the-land_movement" title="Back-to-the-land movement">back to the land</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Round_table_(discussion)" title="Round table (discussion)">roundtable discussions</a> in community centres to clarify thought and initiate action.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Simone_Weil" title="Simone Weil">Simone Weil</a> was a French philosopher who was very early animated by a great compassion for the exploited. She was first a socialist and then an anarchist. In 1930s, she converted to "love of Christ". During her experience, she explains that she suddenly felt that Christianity was the religion of the slaves and that she, like other slaves, could not resist adhering to it.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She is considered a "Christian mystic" and an "anarchist Christian".<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Anarchist_biblical_views_and_practices">Anarchist biblical views and practices</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_anarchism&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Anarchist biblical views and practices"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Church_authority">Church authority</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_anarchism&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Church authority"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>With some notable exceptions such as the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Worker_Movement" title="Catholic Worker Movement">Catholic Worker Movement</a>, many Christian anarchists are critical of <a href="/wiki/Christian_Church" title="Christian Church">Church</a> <a href="/wiki/Dogma" title="Dogma">dogma</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ritual" title="Ritual">rituals</a>. Christian anarchists tend to wish that Christians were less preoccupied with performing rituals and preaching <a href="/wiki/Dogmatic_theology" title="Dogmatic theology">dogmatic theology</a>, and more with following Jesus' teaching and practices.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChristoyannopoulos2010a167–175Deceptive_Dogmas...Sanctimonious_self-righteousness_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChristoyannopoulos2010a167–175Deceptive_Dogmas...Sanctimonious_self-righteousness-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jacques Ellul and <a href="/wiki/Dave_Andrews_(activist)" title="Dave Andrews (activist)">Dave Andrews</a> claim that Jesus did not intend to be the founder of an <a href="/wiki/Institution" title="Institution">institutional</a> religion, while Michael Elliot believes one of Jesus' intentions was to bypass human intermediaries and do away with priests.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChristoyannopoulos2010a175–177Institutional_religion_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChristoyannopoulos2010a175–177Institutional_religion-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pacifism_and_nonviolence">Pacifism and nonviolence</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_anarchism&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Pacifism and nonviolence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Anarcho-pacifism" title="Anarcho-pacifism">Anarcho-pacifism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Christian_pacifism" title="Christian pacifism">Christian pacifism</a></div> <p>Christian anarchists, such as <a href="/wiki/David_Lipscomb" title="David Lipscomb">David Lipscomb</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leo_Tolstoy" title="Leo Tolstoy">Leo Tolstoy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ammon_Hennacy" title="Ammon Hennacy">Ammon Hennacy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Ellul" title="Jacques Ellul">Jacques Ellul</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Dave_Andrews_(activist)" title="Dave Andrews (activist)">Dave Andrews</a>, follow Jesus' call to not resist evil but <a href="/wiki/Turn_the_other_cheek" class="mw-redirect" title="Turn the other cheek">turn the other cheek</a>. They argue that this teaching can only imply a condemnation of the state, as the police and army hold a <a href="/wiki/Monopoly_of_the_legitimate_use_of_force" class="mw-redirect" title="Monopoly of the legitimate use of force">monopoly over the legitimate use of force</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CritiqueofViolence_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CritiqueofViolence-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They believe <a href="/wiki/Freedom_(political)" class="mw-redirect" title="Freedom (political)">freedom</a> will only be guided by the grace of God if they show compassion to others and turn the other cheek when confronted with violence. Christian anarchists believe <a href="/wiki/Violence_begets_violence" title="Violence begets violence">violence begets violence</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Deontological_ethics" class="mw-redirect" title="Deontological ethics">ends never justify the means</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChristoyannopoulos2010a52The_cycle_of_violence_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChristoyannopoulos2010a52The_cycle_of_violence-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Deserter.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/The_Deserter.jpg/220px-The_Deserter.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/The_Deserter.jpg/330px-The_Deserter.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/The_Deserter.jpg/440px-The_Deserter.jpg 2x" data-file-width="656" data-file-height="456" /></a><figcaption><i>The Deserter</i> (1916) by <a href="/wiki/Boardman_Robinson" title="Boardman Robinson">Boardman Robinson</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Many Christian anarchists practice the principles of <a href="/wiki/Nonviolence" title="Nonviolence">nonviolence</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nonresistance" title="Nonresistance">nonresistance</a>, and turning the other cheek. To illustrate how nonresistance works in practice, Alexandre Christoyannopoulos offers the following Christian anarchist response to <a href="/wiki/Terrorism" title="Terrorism">terrorism</a>: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The path shown by Jesus is a difficult one that can only be trod by true martyrs. A "<a href="/wiki/Martyr" title="Martyr">martyr</a>," etymologically, is he who makes himself a witness to his faith. And it is the ultimate testimony to one's faith to be ready to put it to practice even when one's very life is threatened. But the life to be sacrificed, it should be noted, is not the enemy's life, but the martyr's own life — killing others is not a testimony of love, but of anger, fear, or hatred. For Tolstoy, therefore, a true martyr to Jesus' message would neither punish nor resist (or at least not use violence to resist), but would strive to act from love, however hard, whatever the likelihood of being crucified. He would patiently learn to forgive and turn the other cheek, even at the risk of death. Such would be the only way to eventually win the hearts and minds of the other camp and open up the possibilities for reconciliation in the "<a href="/wiki/War_on_Terror" class="mw-redirect" title="War on Terror">war on terror</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Simple_living">Simple living</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_anarchism&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Simple living"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Simple_living" title="Simple living">Simple living</a></div> <p>Christian anarchists such as <a href="/wiki/Ammon_Hennacy" title="Ammon Hennacy">Ammon Hennacy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Maurin" title="Peter Maurin">Peter Maurin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Day" title="Dorothy Day">Dorothy Day</a> often advocate <a href="/wiki/Voluntary_poverty" class="mw-redirect" title="Voluntary poverty">voluntary poverty</a>. This can be for a variety of reasons, such as withdrawing support for government by reducing taxable income or following Jesus' teachings.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jesus appears to teach voluntary poverty when he told his <a href="/wiki/Disciple_(Christianity)" title="Disciple (Christianity)">disciples</a>, "It is easier for a camel to go through the <a href="/wiki/Eye_of_a_needle" title="Eye of a needle">eye of a needle</a> than for a rich man to enter the kingdom of God" (Mark 10:25) and "You cannot serve both God and <a href="/wiki/Mammon" title="Mammon">Mammon</a>" (Luke 16:13).<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="State_authority">State authority</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_anarchism&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: State authority"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The most common challenge for anarchist theologians is interpreting Paul's <a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_the_Romans" title="Epistle to the Romans">Epistle to the Romans</a> 13:1–7, in which <a href="/wiki/Paul_the_Apostle" title="Paul the Apostle">Paul</a> demanded obedience to governing authorities and described them as God's servants exacting punishment on wrongdoers.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChristoyannopoulos2010a181–182Paul's_letter_to_Roman_Christians,_chapter_13_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChristoyannopoulos2010a181–182Paul's_letter_to_Roman_Christians,_chapter_13-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Romans 13:1–7 holds the most explicit reference to the state in the New Testament but other parallel texts include <a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_Titus" title="Epistle to Titus">Titus</a> 3:1, <a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_the_Hebrews" title="Epistle to the Hebrews">Hebrews</a> 13:17 and <a href="/wiki/First_Epistle_of_Peter" title="First Epistle of Peter">1 Peter</a> 2:13-17.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChristoyannopoulos2010a191–192Similar_passages_in_the_New_Testament_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChristoyannopoulos2010a191–192Similar_passages_in_the_New_Testament-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Blessed_are_the_Peacemakers.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Blessed_are_the_Peacemakers.gif/220px-Blessed_are_the_Peacemakers.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="272" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Blessed_are_the_Peacemakers.gif/330px-Blessed_are_the_Peacemakers.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1f/Blessed_are_the_Peacemakers.gif 2x" data-file-width="349" data-file-height="432" /></a><figcaption><i>Blessed are the Peacemakers</i> (1917) by <a href="/wiki/George_Bellows" title="George Bellows">George Bellows</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Some theologians, such as <a href="/wiki/C.E.B._Cranfield" class="mw-redirect" title="C.E.B. Cranfield">C.E.B. Cranfield</a>, have interpreted Romans 13:1–7 to mean the Church should support the state, as God has sanctified the state to be his main tool to preserve social order.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Alex_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Alex-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Similarly, in the case of the state being involved in a "<a href="/wiki/Just_war_theory" title="Just war theory">just war</a>", some theologians argue that it's permissible for Christians to serve the state and wield the sword.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChristoyannopoulos2010a181–182Paul's_letter_to_Roman_Christians,_chapter_13_58-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChristoyannopoulos2010a181–182Paul's_letter_to_Roman_Christians,_chapter_13-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Christian anarchists do not share these interpretations of Romans 13 but still recognize it as "a very embarrassing passage."<sup id="cite_ref-ellul_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ellul-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Christian anarchists and pacifists such as <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Ellul" title="Jacques Ellul">Jacques Ellul</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vernard_Eller" title="Vernard Eller">Vernard Eller</a> do not attempt to overthrow the state given Romans 13 and Jesus' command to turn the other cheek.<sup id="cite_ref-ellul_67-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ellul-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As wrath and vengeance are contrary to the Christian values of <a href="/wiki/Kindness" title="Kindness">kindness</a> and <a href="/wiki/Forgiveness" title="Forgiveness">forgiveness</a>, Ellul neither supports, nor participates in, the state.<sup id="cite_ref-ellul_67-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ellul-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Eller articulates this position by restating the passage this way: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Be clear, any of those human [authorities] are where they are only because God is allowing them to be there. They exist only at his sufferance. And if God is willing to put up with...the Roman Empire, you ought to be willing to put up with it, too. There is no indication God has called <i>you</i> to clear it out of the way or get it converted for him. You can't fight an Empire without becoming <i>like</i> the Roman Empire; so you had better leave such matters in God's hands where they belong.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Christians who interpret Romans 13 as advocating support for <a href="/wiki/Civil_authority" title="Civil authority">governing authorities</a> are left with the difficulty of how to act under tyrants or dictators.<sup id="cite_ref-Alex_65-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Alex-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Ernst_K%C3%A4semann" title="Ernst Käsemann">Ernst Käsemann</a>, in his <i>Commentary on Romans</i>, challenged the mainstream Christian interpretation of the passage in light of German Lutheran Churches using this passage to justify <a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust" title="The Holocaust">the Holocaust</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Paul's letter to Roman Christians declares "For rulers hold no terror for those who do right, but for those who do wrong." However Christian anarchists point out an inconsistency if this text were to be taken literally and in isolation as Jesus and Paul were both executed by the governing authorities or "rulers" even though they did "right."<sup id="cite_ref-Alex_65-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Alex-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The content of Paul's letter to the Romans is also denied by Paul himself in the same letter's 12:2 verse: "Do not conform to this world's system of things, but change yourselves by using your own intellect, so that you shall understand by yourselves the good and perfect will of God."<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In his <a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_the_Ephesians" title="Epistle to the Ephesians">Epistle to the Ephesians</a>, 6:12, Paul states: "For our struggle is not against flesh and blood, but against the rulers, against the authorities, against the powers of this world's obscurantism".<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are also Christians anarchists such as <a href="/wiki/Leo_Tolstoy" title="Leo Tolstoy">Leo Tolstoy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ammon_Hennacy" title="Ammon Hennacy">Ammon Hennacy</a>, who favor <a href="/wiki/Jesuism" title="Jesuism">Jesuism</a> and do not see the need to integrate Paul's teachings into their <a href="/wiki/Subversion" title="Subversion">subversive</a> way of life. Tolstoy believed Paul was instrumental in the church's "deviation" from Jesus' teaching and practices whilst Hennacy believed "Paul spoiled the message of Christ".<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In contrast to Eller, Hennacy and <a href="/wiki/Ciaron_O%27Reilly" title="Ciaron O'Reilly">Ciaron O'Reilly</a> advocate nonviolent <a href="/wiki/Civil_disobedience" title="Civil disobedience">civil disobedience</a> to confront state oppression.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Swearing_of_oaths">Swearing of oaths</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_anarchism&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Swearing of oaths"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the Sermon on the Mount (Matthew 5:33-37), Jesus tells his followers to <a href="/wiki/Expounding_of_the_Law#Oaths" class="mw-redirect" title="Expounding of the Law">not swear oaths</a> in the name of God or Man. Tolstoy, <a href="/wiki/Adin_Ballou" title="Adin Ballou">Adin Ballou</a> and <a href="/wiki/Petr_Chel%C4%8Dick%C3%BD" title="Petr Chelčický">Petr Chelčický</a> understand this to mean that Christians should never bind themselves to any oath as they may not be able to fulfil the will of God if they are bound to the will of a fellow-man. Tolstoy takes the view that all oaths are evil, but especially an <a href="/wiki/Oath_of_allegiance" title="Oath of allegiance">oath of allegiance</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tax">Tax</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_anarchism&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Tax"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some Christian anarchists <a href="/wiki/Tax_resistance" title="Tax resistance">resist taxes</a> in the belief that their government is engaged in immoral, unethical or destructive activities such as <a href="/wiki/War" title="War">war</a>, and paying taxes inevitably funds these activities, whilst others submit to taxation.<sup id="cite_ref-taxes_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-taxes-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Adin Ballou wrote that if the act of resisting taxes requires physical force to withhold what a government tries to take, then it is important to submit to taxation. Ammon Hennacy, who, like Ballou also believed in <a href="/wiki/Nonresistance" title="Nonresistance">nonresistance</a>, eased his conscience by <a href="/wiki/Simple_living" title="Simple living">simply living</a> below the <a href="/wiki/Income_tax_threshold" title="Income tax threshold">income tax threshold</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Christian anarchists do not interpret the injunction in Matthew 22:21 to "<a href="/wiki/Render_unto_Caesar" title="Render unto Caesar">give to Caesar what is Caesar's</a>" as advocating support for taxes, but as further advice to <a href="/wiki/Simple_living" title="Simple living">free oneself from material attachment</a>. For example, <a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Day" title="Dorothy Day">Dorothy Day</a> said if we were to give everything to God there will be nothing left for Caesar,<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Ellul" title="Jacques Ellul">Jacques Ellul</a> believed the passage showed that Caesar may have rights over <a href="/wiki/Fiat_money" title="Fiat money">fiat money</a> but not things that are made by God, as he explained:<sup id="cite_ref-taxes_78-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-taxes-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>"Render unto Caesar..." in no way divides the exercise of authority into two realms....They were said in response to another matter: the payment of taxes, and the coin. The mark on the coin is that of Caesar; it is the mark of his property. Therefore give Caesar this money; it is his. It is not a question of legitimizing taxes! It means that Caesar, having created money, is its master. That's all. Let us not forget that money, for Jesus, is the domain of <a href="/wiki/Mammon" title="Mammon">Mammon</a>, a satanic domain!<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vegetarianism">Vegetarianism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_anarchism&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Vegetarianism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Anarchism_and_animal_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Anarchism and animal rights">Anarchism and animal rights</a> and <a href="/wiki/Christian_vegetarianism" title="Christian vegetarianism">Christian vegetarianism</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Vegetarianism" title="Vegetarianism">Vegetarianism</a> in the Christian tradition has a long history commencing in the first centuries of <a href="/wiki/Christian_Church" title="Christian Church">Church</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Desert_Fathers" title="Desert Fathers">Desert Fathers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Desert_Mothers" title="Desert Mothers">Desert Mothers</a> who abandoned the "world of men" for intimacy with the <a href="/wiki/Trinity" title="Trinity">God</a> of <a href="/wiki/Jesus_Christ" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesus Christ">Jesus Christ</a>. Vegetarianism amongst <a href="/wiki/Hermit" title="Hermit">hermits</a> and <a href="/wiki/Monk" title="Monk">Christian monastics</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Christian" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Christian">Eastern Christian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic">Roman Catholic</a> traditions remains common to this day as a means of simplifying one's life, and as a practice of <a href="/wiki/Asceticism" title="Asceticism">asceticism</a>. Leo Tolstoy, Ammon Hennacy, and <a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9odore_Monod" title="Théodore Monod">Théodore Monod</a> extended their belief in nonviolence and compassion to all living beings through vegetarianism.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Present-day_Christian_anarchist_groups">Present-day Christian anarchist groups</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_anarchism&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Present-day Christian anarchist groups"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Brotherhood_Church">Brotherhood Church</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_anarchism&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Brotherhood Church"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Brotherhood_Church" title="Brotherhood Church">Brotherhood Church</a> is a Christian anarchist and pacifist community. The Brotherhood Church can be traced back to 1887 when a <a href="/wiki/Congregational_church" class="mw-redirect" title="Congregational church">Congregationalist</a> minister called John Bruce Wallace started a magazine called "<i>The Brotherhood</i>" in <a href="/wiki/Limavady" title="Limavady">Limavady</a>, <a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland" title="Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a>. An <a href="/wiki/Intentional_community" title="Intentional community">intentional community</a> with <a href="/wiki/Quaker" class="mw-redirect" title="Quaker">Quaker</a> origins has been located at <a href="/wiki/Stapleton_Colony" title="Stapleton Colony">Stapleton</a>, near <a href="/wiki/Pontefract" title="Pontefract">Pontefract, Yorkshire</a>, since 1921.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Catholic_Worker_Movement">Catholic Worker Movement</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_anarchism&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Catholic Worker Movement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dorothy_Day_1934.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Dorothy_Day_1934.jpg/170px-Dorothy_Day_1934.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="215" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Dorothy_Day_1934.jpg/255px-Dorothy_Day_1934.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/21/Dorothy_Day_1934.jpg 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="379" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Day" title="Dorothy Day">Dorothy Day</a>, co-founder of the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Worker_Movement" title="Catholic Worker Movement">Catholic Worker Movement</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Established by <a href="/wiki/Peter_Maurin" title="Peter Maurin">Peter Maurin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Day" title="Dorothy Day">Dorothy Day</a> in the early 1930s, the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Worker_Movement" title="Catholic Worker Movement">Catholic Worker Movement</a> is a Christian movement dedicated to nonviolence, <a href="/wiki/Personalism" title="Personalism">personalism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Voluntary_poverty" class="mw-redirect" title="Voluntary poverty">voluntary poverty</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Over 130 Catholic Worker communities exist in the United States where "<a href="/wiki/Houses_of_hospitality" class="mw-redirect" title="Houses of hospitality">houses of hospitality</a>" care for the homeless. The <a href="/wiki/Joe_Hill_House" title="Joe Hill House">Joe Hill House</a> of hospitality (which closed in 1968) in Salt Lake City, Utah featured an enormous twelve feet by fifteen foot mural of Jesus Christ and <a href="/wiki/Joe_Hill_(activist)" title="Joe Hill (activist)">Joe Hill</a>. Present-day Catholic Workers include <a href="/wiki/Ciaron_O%27Reilly" title="Ciaron O'Reilly">Ciaron O'Reilly</a>, an Irish-Australian civil rights and anti-war activist.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Anne Klejment, professor of history at <a href="/wiki/University_of_St._Thomas_(Minnesota)" title="University of St. Thomas (Minnesota)">University of St. Thomas</a>, wrote of the Catholic Worker Movement: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The Catholic Worker considered itself a Christian anarchist movement. All authority came from God; and the state, having by choice distanced itself from <a href="/wiki/Christian_perfectionism" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian perfectionism">Christian perfectionism</a>, forfeited its ultimate authority over the citizen...Catholic Worker anarchism followed Christ as a model of <a href="/wiki/Nonviolent_revolution" title="Nonviolent revolution">nonviolent revolutionary</a> behavior...He respected individual conscience. But he also preached a prophetic message, difficult for many of his contemporaries to embrace.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks plainlist"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title">Separation of church and state in the history of the Catholic Church</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Separation_of_church_and_state_icon.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Separation_of_church_and_state_icon.png/100px-Separation_of_church_and_state_icon.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Separation_of_church_and_state_icon.png/150px-Separation_of_church_and_state_icon.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Separation_of_church_and_state_icon.png/200px-Separation_of_church_and_state_icon.png 2x" data-file-width="266" data-file-height="266" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Overview</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-bottom:0.25em;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Two_kingdoms_doctrine#In_Roman_Catholicism" title="Two kingdoms doctrine">Two kingdoms doctrine<br />in Roman Catholicism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relations_between_the_Catholic_Church_and_the_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Relations between the Catholic Church and the State">Relations between the<br />Catholic Church and the State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Integralism#Catholic_integralism" title="Integralism">Catholic integralism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Politics_of_Vatican_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Politics of Vatican City">Politics of Vatican City</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Sovereignty and loyalty</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-bottom:0.25em;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Papal_deposing_power" title="Papal deposing power">Papal deposing power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_immunity#Holy_See" title="Sovereign immunity">Sovereign immunity § Holy See</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dual_loyalty#Historical_examples" title="Dual loyalty">Dual loyalty § Historical examples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_vow#In_the_Society_of_Jesus" title="Fourth vow">Fourth vow § In the Society of Jesus</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Documents</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-bottom:0.25em;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Donation_of_Constantine" title="Donation of Constantine">Donation of Constantine</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dictatus_papae" title="Dictatus papae">Dictatus papae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Unam_sanctam" title="Unam sanctam">Unam sanctam</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/To_the_Christian_Nobility_of_the_German_Nation#The_First_Wall:_Spiritual_Power_over_Temporal" title="To the Christian Nobility of the German Nation">To the Christian Nobility<br />of the German Nation</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_Jurisdiction_Act_1560" title="Papal Jurisdiction Act 1560">Papal Jurisdiction Act 1560</a> (Scotland)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Disputationes_de_Controversiis" title="Disputationes de Controversiis">Disputationes de Controversiis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dignitatis_humanae" title="Dignitatis humanae">Dignitatis humanae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Church%E2%80%93state_relations_in_Argentina#2005_Episcopal_Conference_document" class="mw-redirect" title="Church–state relations in Argentina">Church–state relations in Argentina § 2005<br />Episcopal Conference document</a></i></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Historical controversies</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-bottom:0.25em;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constantinian_shift" title="Constantinian shift">Constantinian shift</a> / <a href="/wiki/Constantinianism" title="Constantinianism">Constantinianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Investiture_Controversy" title="Investiture Controversy">Investiture Controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_of_Jesus#Political_intrigue" class="mw-redirect" title="Society of Jesus">Society of Jesus § Political intrigue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cisalpinism" title="Cisalpinism">Cisalpinism</a> vs. <a href="/wiki/Ultramontanism" title="Ultramontanism">Ultramontanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Americanism_(heresy)#The_American_response" title="Americanism (heresy)">Americanism<br />(heresy) § The American response</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">20th century topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-bottom:0.25em;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Christian_thought_on_persecution_and_tolerance#The_mid-20th-century_Spanish_model" title="History of Christian thought on persecution and tolerance">History of Christian thought on persecution<br />and tolerance § The mid-20th-century<br />Spanish model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Letitia_Dunbar-Harrison" title="Letitia Dunbar-Harrison">Letitia Dunbar-Harrison</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Catholic_Worker_Movement">Christian anarchism § Catholic<br />Worker Movement</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Current topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-bottom:0.25em;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evo_Morales_and_the_Roman_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Evo Morales and the Roman Catholic Church">Evo Morales and the Roman Catholic Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Maryja#Involvement_in_politics" title="Radio Maryja">Radio Maryja § Involvement in politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laudato_si%27#Impact_on_the_United_States_political_system" title="Laudato si'">Laudato si' § Impact<br />on the United States political system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Catholic_social_teaching" title="Template:Catholic social teaching">Catholic social teaching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conscience_clause_in_medicine_in_the_United_States#Catholic_doctrine" title="Conscience clause in medicine in the United States">Conscience clause in medicine in the<br />United States § Catholic doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_915#Politicians_consistently_promoting_permissive_abortion_or_euthanasia_laws" title="Canon 915">Canon 915 § Politicians<br />consistently promoting permissive<br />abortion or euthanasia laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._Francis_Malooly#Bishop_of_Wilmington,_Delaware" title="W. Francis Malooly">Bp. W. Francis Malooly on Canon 915</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_James_Slattery#Illegal_immigrants" title="Edward James Slattery">Bp. Edward J. Slattery § Illegal immigrants</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_history_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Template:Separation of church and state in the history of the Catholic Church"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_history_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Template talk:Separation of church and state in the history of the Catholic Church"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_history_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Separation of church and state in the history of the Catholic Church"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The Catholic Worker Movement has consistently protested against war and violence for over seven decades. Many of the leading figures in the movement have been both anarchists and pacifists, as <a href="/wiki/Ammon_Hennacy" title="Ammon Hennacy">Ammon Hennacy</a> explains: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Christian Anarchism is based upon the answer of Jesus to the <a href="/wiki/Pharisees" title="Pharisees">Pharisees</a> when Jesus said that he without sin should be the first to cast the stone, and upon the <a href="/wiki/Sermon_on_the_Mount" title="Sermon on the Mount">Sermon on the Mount</a> which advises the return of good for evil and the turning of the other cheek. Therefore, when we take any part in government by voting for legislative, judicial, and executive officials, we make these men our arm by which we cast a stone and deny the Sermon on the Mount. The dictionary definition of a Christian is one who follows Christ; kind, kindly, Christ-like. Anarchism is voluntary cooperation for good, with the right of secession. A Christian anarchist is therefore one who turns the other cheek, overturns the tables of the moneychangers, and does not need a cop to tell him how to behave. A Christian anarchist does not depend upon bullets or ballots to achieve his ideal; he achieves that ideal daily by the One-Man Revolution with which he faces a decadent, confused, and dying world.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Maurin and Day were both baptized and confirmed in the Catholic Church and believed in the institution, thus showing it is possible to be a Christian anarchist and still choose to remain within a church. After her death, Day was proposed for sainthood by the <a href="/wiki/Claretian_Missionaries" class="mw-redirect" title="Claretian Missionaries">Claretian Missionaries</a> in 1983. <a href="/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_II" title="Pope John Paul II">Pope John Paul II</a> granted the <a href="/wiki/Archdiocese_of_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Archdiocese of New York">Archdiocese of New York</a> permission to open Day's cause for sainthood in March 2000, calling her a <a href="/wiki/Servant_of_God" title="Servant of God">Servant of God</a>. </p><p>In literature, in <a href="/wiki/Michael_Paraskos" title="Michael Paraskos">Michael Paraskos</a>'s 2017 novel, <i>Rabbitman</i>, a political satire prompted by <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a>'s presidency, the heroine, called Angela Witney, is a member of an imagined Catholic Worker commune located in the southern English village of <a href="/wiki/Ditchling" title="Ditchling">Ditchling</a>, where the artist <a href="/wiki/Eric_Gill" title="Eric Gill">Eric Gill</a> once lived.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Doukhobors">Doukhobors</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_anarchism&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Doukhobors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Doukhobors" title="Doukhobors">Doukhobors</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Online_communities">Online communities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_anarchism&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Online communities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Essays_in_Anarchism_and_Religion_Volume_01.pdf" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Essays_in_Anarchism_and_Religion_Volume_01.pdf/page1-170px-Essays_in_Anarchism_and_Religion_Volume_01.pdf.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="263" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Essays_in_Anarchism_and_Religion_Volume_01.pdf/page1-255px-Essays_in_Anarchism_and_Religion_Volume_01.pdf.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Essays_in_Anarchism_and_Religion_Volume_01.pdf/page1-340px-Essays_in_Anarchism_and_Religion_Volume_01.pdf.jpg 2x" data-file-width="825" data-file-height="1275" /></a><figcaption><i>Essays in Anarchism and Religion</i> (edited by Matthew Adams and <a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Christoyannopoulos" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexandre Christoyannopoulos">Alexandre Christoyannopoulos</a>, 2017)</figcaption></figure> <p>Numerous Christian anarchist <a href="/wiki/Website" title="Website">websites</a>, <a href="/wiki/Social_network_service" class="mw-redirect" title="Social network service">social networking sites</a>, <a href="/wiki/Internet_forum" title="Internet forum">forums</a>, <a href="/wiki/Electronic_mailing_list" class="mw-redirect" title="Electronic mailing list">electronic mailing lists</a> and <a href="/wiki/Blog" title="Blog">blogs</a> have emerged on the internet over the last few years. These include: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.anarchochristian.com">The AnarchoChristian Podcast and Website</a>, Biblical Anarchy: Obey God Rather Than Men, The Libertarian Christian Institute, started by Norman Horn, <i>A Pinch of Salt</i>, a 1980s Christian anarchist magazine, revived in 2006 by Keith Hebden as a blog and bi-annual magazine;<sup id="cite_ref-online_94-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-online-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Libera Catholick Union founded in 1988 and re-organized in 2019;<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Jesus Radicals</i> founded by <a href="/wiki/Mennonite" class="mw-redirect" title="Mennonite">Mennonites</a> in 2000;<sup id="cite_ref-online_94-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-online-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Lost Religion of Jesus</i> created in 2005;<sup id="cite_ref-online_94-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-online-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Christian Anarchists</i> created in 2006;<sup id="cite_ref-online_94-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-online-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>The Mormon Worker</i>, a blog and newspaper, founded in 2007 to promote <a href="/wiki/Mormonism" title="Mormonism">Mormonism</a>, anarchism and pacifism;<sup id="cite_ref-online_94-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-online-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <i>Academics and Students Interested in Religious Anarchism</i> (ASIRA) founded by <a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Christoyannopoulos" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexandre Christoyannopoulos">Alexandre Christoyannopoulos</a> in 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-online_94-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-online-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Criticism">Criticism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_anarchism&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Criticism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Critics of Christian anarchism include both Christians and anarchists. Christians often cite <a href="/wiki/Romans_13" title="Romans 13">Romans 13</a> as evidence that the <a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#State_authority">State should be obeyed</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while secular anarchists reject belief in any authority including God. The latter often denounce religious dogma through use of the slogan "<a href="/wiki/No_gods,_no_masters" class="mw-redirect" title="No gods, no masters">no gods, no masters</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Christian anarchists often believe Romans 13 is taken out of context,<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> emphasizing that <a href="/wiki/Revelation_13" title="Revelation 13">Revelation 13</a> and <a href="/wiki/Isaiah_13" title="Isaiah 13">Isaiah 13</a>, among other passages, are needed to fully understand the meaning of Romans 13 text.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_anarchism&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/BlackFlagSymbol.svg/28px-BlackFlagSymbol.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/BlackFlagSymbol.svg/42px-BlackFlagSymbol.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/BlackFlagSymbol.svg/56px-BlackFlagSymbol.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="456" data-file-height="456" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Anarchism" title="Portal:Anarchism">Anarchism portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P_christianity.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/31px-P_christianity.svg.png" decoding="async" width="31" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/47px-P_christianity.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/62px-P_christianity.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Christianity" title="Portal:Christianity">Christianity portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acephali" title="Acephali">Acephali</a> – Various leaderless Christian sects</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_and_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Anarchism and Islam">Anarchism and Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_and_Orthodox_Judaism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anarchism and Orthodox Judaism">Anarchism and Orthodox Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_and_religion" title="Anarchism and religion">Anarchism and religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchist_symbolism#No_gods,_no_masters" title="Anarchist symbolism">Anarchist symbolism#No gods, no masters</a> – Typical symbols expressing anarchist ideology</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_and_politics" title="Christianity and politics">Christianity and politics</a> – Aspect of political history</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_libertarianism" title="Christian libertarianism">Christian libertarianism</a> – Synthesis of Christian beliefs with libertarian thought</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_communism" title="Christian communism">Christian communism</a> – Form of communism based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_socialism" title="Christian socialism">Christian socialism</a> – Religious socialism based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Distributism" title="Distributism">Distributism</a> – Economic theory promoting local control</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberation_theology" title="Liberation theology">Liberation theology</a> – Christian theological approach emphasizing the liberation of the oppressed</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Monasticism" title="New Monasticism">New Monasticism</a> – American Christian movement</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plowshares_movement" title="Plowshares movement">Plowshares movement</a> – Christian pacifist movement</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postmodern_theology" title="Postmodern theology">Postmodern theology</a> – Theological movement</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radical_Reformation" title="Radical Reformation">Radical Reformation</a> – Anabaptist movement concurrent with the Protestant Reformation</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Render_unto_Caesar" title="Render unto Caesar">Render unto Caesar</a> – Phrase attributed to Jesus in the synoptic gospels</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statolatry" title="Statolatry">Statolatry</a> – Worship of the state</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theonomy" title="Theonomy">Theonomy</a> – Christian form of government in which society is ruled by divine law</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolstoyan_movement" title="Tolstoyan movement">Tolstoyan movement</a> – Social movement based on the views of Leo Tolstoy</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utopian_socialism" title="Utopian socialism">Utopian socialism</a> – Political theory concerned with imagined socialist societies</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_anarchism&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFChristoyannopoulos2010" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Christoyannopoulos" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexandre Christoyannopoulos">Christoyannopoulos, Alexandre</a> (2010). <i>Christian Anarchism: A Political Commentary on the Gospel</i>. Exeter: Imprint Academic. pp. 2–4. <q>Locating Christian anarchism…In political theology…In political thought</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Christian+Anarchism%3A+A+Political+Commentary+on+the+Gospel&rft.place=Exeter&rft.pages=2-4&rft.pub=Imprint+Academic&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Christoyannopoulos&rft.aufirst=Alexandre&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+anarchism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChristoyannopoulos2010" class="citation book cs1">Christoyannopoulos, Alexandre (2010). Jun, Nathan J.; Wahl, Shane (eds.). <i>New Perspectives on Anarchism</i>. <a href="/wiki/Lexington_Books" class="mw-redirect" title="Lexington Books">Lexington Books</a>. p. 149. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0739132401" title="Special:BookSources/978-0739132401"><bdi>978-0739132401</bdi></a>. <q>Christian anarchism 'is not an attempt to synthesise two systems of thought' that are hopelessly incompatible; rather, it is 'a realisation that the premise of anarchism is inherent in Christianity and the message of the Gospels'.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=New+Perspectives+on+Anarchism&rft.pages=149&rft.pub=Lexington+Books&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0739132401&rft.aulast=Christoyannopoulos&rft.aufirst=Alexandre&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+anarchism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CritiqueofViolence-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CritiqueofViolence_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CritiqueofViolence_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CritiqueofViolence_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CritiqueofViolence_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChristoyannopoulos2010" class="citation web cs1">Christoyannopoulos, Alexandre (March 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110812071723/http://www.psa.ac.uk/journals/pdf/5/2010/1338_1226.pdf">"A Christian Anarchist Critique of Violence: From Turning the Other Cheek to a Rejection of the State"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Political Studies Association. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.psa.ac.uk/journals/pdf/5/2010/1338_1226.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2011-08-12.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+Christian+Anarchist+Critique+of+Violence%3A+From+Turning+the+Other+Cheek+to+a+Rejection+of+the+State&rft.pub=Political+Studies+Association&rft.date=2010-03&rft.aulast=Christoyannopoulos&rft.aufirst=Alexandre&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.psa.ac.uk%2Fjournals%2Fpdf%2F5%2F2010%2F1338_1226.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+anarchism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChristoyannopoulos2010a254The_state_as_idolatry-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChristoyannopoulos2010a254The_state_as_idolatry_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChristoyannopoulos2010a">Christoyannopoulos 2010a</a>, p. 254, The state as idolatry.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVan_Steenwyk" class="citation book cs1">Van Steenwyk, Mark. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EVFdAAAAQBAJ"><i>The UNkingdom of God: Embracing the Subversive Power of Repentance</i></a>. Downers Grove IL USA: IVP Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0830836550" title="Special:BookSources/978-0830836550"><bdi>978-0830836550</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+UNkingdom+of+God%3A+Embracing+the+Subversive+Power+of+Repentance&rft.place=Downers+Grove+IL+USA&rft.pub=IVP+Books&rft.isbn=978-0830836550&rft.aulast=Van+Steenwyk&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DEVFdAAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+anarchism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sermon-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sermon_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sermon_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sermon_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChristoyannopoulos2010" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Christoyannopoulos" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexandre Christoyannopoulos">Christoyannopoulos, Alexandre</a> (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/TheSermonOnTheMount_653">"The Sermon on the Mount: A Manifesto for Christian Anarchism"</a>. <i>Christian Anarchism: A Political Commentary on the Gospel</i>. Exeter: Imprint Academic. pp. 43–80.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Sermon+on+the+Mount%3A+A+Manifesto+for+Christian+Anarchism&rft.btitle=Christian+Anarchism%3A+A+Political+Commentary+on+the+Gospel&rft.place=Exeter&rft.pages=43-80&rft.pub=Imprint+Academic&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Christoyannopoulos&rft.aufirst=Alexandre&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FTheSermonOnTheMount_653&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+anarchism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChristoyannopoulos2010a19_and_208Leo_Tolstoy-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChristoyannopoulos2010a19_and_208Leo_Tolstoy_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChristoyannopoulos2010a19_and_208Leo_Tolstoy_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChristoyannopoulos2010a">Christoyannopoulos 2010a</a>, pp. 19 and 208, Leo Tolstoy.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChristoyannopoulos2010a84–88Old_Testament-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChristoyannopoulos2010a84–88Old_Testament_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChristoyannopoulos2010a">Christoyannopoulos 2010a</a>, pp. 84–88, Old Testament.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ellul1-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ellul1_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEllul1988" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Ellul" title="Jacques Ellul">Ellul, Jacques</a> (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=55_Oa12YTt0C"><i>Anarchy and Christianity</i></a>. Michigan: <a href="/wiki/William_B._Eerdmans_Publishing_Company" title="William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company">Eerdmans</a>. pp. 47–48. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780802804952" title="Special:BookSources/9780802804952"><bdi>9780802804952</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151120165626/https://books.google.com/books?id=55_Oa12YTt0C">Archived</a> from the original on 20 November 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 May</span> 2014</span> – via <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a>. <q>Deborah, Gideon, Tola, Jair, and Samson were more prophets than kings. They had no permanent power. A significant phrase at the end of the book of Judges (21:25) is that at that time there was no king in Israel; people did what was right in their own eyes.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Anarchy+and+Christianity&rft.place=Michigan&rft.pages=47-48&rft.pub=Eerdmans&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=9780802804952&rft.aulast=Ellul&rft.aufirst=Jacques&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D55_Oa12YTt0C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+anarchism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Judges#21:25" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Judges">Judges 21:25</a>: "In those days there was no king in Israel: every man did that which was right in his own eyes."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEllul1988" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Ellul" title="Jacques Ellul">Ellul, Jacques</a> (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=55_Oa12YTt0C"><i>Anarchy and Christianity</i></a>. Michigan: <a href="/wiki/William_B._Eerdmans_Publishing_Company" title="William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company">Eerdmans</a>. p. 48. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780802804952" title="Special:BookSources/9780802804952"><bdi>9780802804952</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151120165626/https://books.google.com/books?id=55_Oa12YTt0C">Archived</a> from the original on 20 November 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 May</span> 2014</span> – via <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a>. <q>Samuel was now judge. But the assembled people told him that they had now had enough of this political system. They wanted a king so as to be like other nations.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Anarchy+and+Christianity&rft.place=Michigan&rft.pages=48&rft.pub=Eerdmans&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=9780802804952&rft.aulast=Ellul&rft.aufirst=Jacques&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D55_Oa12YTt0C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+anarchism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1%20Samuel%208&version=NIV">"1 Samuel 8 (New International Version)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Bible_Gateway" class="mw-redirect" title="Bible Gateway">Bible Gateway</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/HarperCollins" title="HarperCollins">HarperCollins</a> Christian Publishing. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190321120125/https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1">Archived</a> from the original on 21 March 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 May</span> 2014</span>. <q>So all the elders of Israel gathered together and came to Samuel at Ramah. They said to him, 'You are old, and your sons do not follow your ways; now appoint a king to lead us, such as all the other nations have.'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bible+Gateway&rft.atitle=1+Samuel+8+%28New+International+Version%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biblegateway.com%2Fpassage%2F%3Fsearch%3D1%2520Samuel%25208%26version%3DNIV&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+anarchism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1%20Samuel%209&version=NIV">"1 Samuel 9 (New International Version)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Bible_Gateway" class="mw-redirect" title="Bible Gateway">Bible Gateway</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/HarperCollins" title="HarperCollins">HarperCollins</a> Christian Publishing. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131227072742/http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1%20Samuel%209&version=NIV">Archived</a> from the original on 27 December 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 May</span> 2014</span>. <q>Now the day before Saul came, the Lord had revealed this to Samuel: 'About this time tomorrow I will send you a man from the land of Benjamin. Anoint him ruler over my people Israel; he will deliver them from the hand of the Philistines. I have looked on my people, for their cry has reached me.'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bible+Gateway&rft.atitle=1+Samuel+9+%28New+International+Version%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biblegateway.com%2Fpassage%2F%3Fsearch%3D1%2520Samuel%25209%26version%3DNIV&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+anarchism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEllul1988" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Ellul" title="Jacques Ellul">Ellul, Jacques</a> (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=55_Oa12YTt0C"><i>Anarchy and Christianity</i></a>. Michigan: <a href="/wiki/William_B._Eerdmans_Publishing_Company" title="William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company">Eerdmans</a>. p. 48. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780802804952" title="Special:BookSources/9780802804952"><bdi>9780802804952</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151120165626/https://books.google.com/books?id=55_Oa12YTt0C">Archived</a> from the original on 20 November 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 May</span> 2014</span> – via <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a>. <q>He who was chosen to be king thus came on the scene, namely, Saul ...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Anarchy+and+Christianity&rft.place=Michigan&rft.pages=48&rft.pub=Eerdmans&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=9780802804952&rft.aulast=Ellul&rft.aufirst=Jacques&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D55_Oa12YTt0C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+anarchism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEller1987" class="citation book cs1">Eller, Vernard (1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hccentral.com/eller12/part8.html"><i>Christian Anarchy: Jesus' Primacy Over the Powers</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/William_B._Eerdmans_Publishing_Company" title="William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company">Eerdmans</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190905132718/http://www.hccentral.com/eller12/part8.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2019-09-05<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-08-15</span></span>. <q>God and Samuel accept (and honor) Israel's (bad) decision as accomplished fact and proceed to live with it rather than try to reverse it.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Christian+Anarchy%3A+Jesus%27+Primacy+Over+the+Powers&rft.pub=Eerdmans&rft.date=1987&rft.aulast=Eller&rft.aufirst=Vernard&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hccentral.com%2Feller12%2Fpart8.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+anarchism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew+4%3A8-10&version=NIV">"Bible Gateway passage: Matthew 4:8-10 – New International Version"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Bible_Gateway" class="mw-redirect" title="Bible Gateway">Bible Gateway</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200130120757/https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew+4:8-10&version=NIV">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-01-30<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-01-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bible+Gateway&rft.atitle=Bible+Gateway+passage%3A+Matthew+4%3A8-10+%E2%80%93+New+International+Version&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.biblegateway.com%2Fpassage%2F%3Fsearch%3DMatthew%2B4%253A8-10%26version%3DNIV&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+anarchism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEllul1988" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Ellul" title="Jacques Ellul">Ellul, Jacques</a> (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=55_Oa12YTt0C&pg=PA57"><i>Anarchy and Christianity</i></a>. Michigan: <a href="/wiki/William_B._Eerdmans_Publishing_Company" title="William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company">Eerdmans</a>. pp. 57–58. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780802804952" title="Special:BookSources/9780802804952"><bdi>9780802804952</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191222142003/https://books.google.com/books?id=55_Oa12YTt0C">Archived</a> from the original on 2019-12-22<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-08-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Anarchy+and+Christianity&rft.place=Michigan&rft.pages=57-58&rft.pub=Eerdmans&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=9780802804952&rft.aulast=Ellul&rft.aufirst=Jacques&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D55_Oa12YTt0C%26pg%3DPA57&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+anarchism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChristoyannopoulos2010a94Jesus'_third_temptation_in_the_wilderness-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChristoyannopoulos2010a94Jesus'_third_temptation_in_the_wilderness_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChristoyannopoulos2010a">Christoyannopoulos 2010a</a>, p. 94, Jesus' third temptation in the wilderness.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChristoyannopoulos2010a123–126Revelation-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChristoyannopoulos2010a123–126Revelation_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChristoyannopoulos2010a">Christoyannopoulos 2010a</a>, p. 123–126, Revelation.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEllul1988" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Ellul" title="Jacques Ellul">Ellul, Jacques</a> (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=55_Oa12YTt0C&pg=PA72"><i>Anarchy and Christianity</i></a>. Michigan: <a href="/wiki/William_B._Eerdmans_Publishing_Company" title="William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company">Eerdmans</a>. pp. 71–74. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780802804952" title="Special:BookSources/9780802804952"><bdi>9780802804952</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191222142003/https://books.google.com/books?id=55_Oa12YTt0C">Archived</a> from the original on 2019-12-22<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-08-14</span></span>. <q>The first beast comes up from the sea ... It is given 'all authority and power over every tribe, every people, every tongue, and every nation' (13:7). All who dwell on earth worship it. Political power could hardly, I think, be more expressly described, for it is this power which has authority, which controls military force, and which compels adoration (i.e., absolute obedience).</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Anarchy+and+Christianity&rft.place=Michigan&rft.pages=71-74&rft.pub=Eerdmans&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=9780802804952&rft.aulast=Ellul&rft.aufirst=Jacques&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D55_Oa12YTt0C%26pg%3DPA72&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+anarchism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNietzsche1895" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Nietzsche" title="Friedrich Nietzsche">Nietzsche, Friedrich</a> (1895). "58". <a href="/wiki/The_Antichrist_(book)" title="The Antichrist (book)"><i>Der Antichrist</i></a>. <q>There is a perfect likeness between Christian and anarchist: their object, their instinct, points only toward destruction. ... The Christian and the anarchist: both are decadents; both are incapable of any act that is not disintegrating, poisonous, degenerating, blood-sucking; both have an instinct of mortal hatred of everything that stands up, and is great, and has durability, and promises life a future ...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=58&rft.btitle=Der+Antichrist&rft.date=1895&rft.aulast=Nietzsche&rft.aufirst=Friedrich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+anarchism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBillings1894" class="citation book cs1">Billings, Frank S. (1894). <i>How Shall the Rich Escape?</i>. Arena Publishing. p. 209. <q>Taking the gospels as our only possible authority, it cannot be denied that <a href="/wiki/Jesuism" title="Jesuism">Jesusism</a> and anarchism are almost identical.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=How+Shall+the+Rich+Escape%3F&rft.pages=209&rft.pub=Arena+Publishing&rft.date=1894&rft.aulast=Billings&rft.aufirst=Frank+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+anarchism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChristoyannopoulos2010a243–246Early_Christians-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChristoyannopoulos2010a243–246Early_Christians_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChristoyannopoulos2010a243–246Early_Christians_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChristoyannopoulos2010a">Christoyannopoulos 2010a</a>, p. 243–246, Early Christians.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHinson1996" class="citation book cs1">Hinson, E. Glenn (1996). <i>The Early Church: Origins to the Dawn of the Middle Ages</i>. pp. 42–43.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Early+Church%3A+Origins+to+the+Dawn+of+the+Middle+Ages&rft.pages=42-43&rft.date=1996&rft.aulast=Hinson&rft.aufirst=E.+Glenn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+anarchism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMonteroFoster2017" class="citation book cs1">Montero, Roman A.; Foster, Edgar G. (2017). <i>All Things in Common The Economic Practices of the Early Christians</i>. Eugene: <a href="/wiki/Wipf_and_Stock" title="Wipf and Stock">Wipf and Stock</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781532607912" title="Special:BookSources/9781532607912"><bdi>9781532607912</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/994706026">994706026</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=All+Things+in+Common+The+Economic+Practices+of+the+Early+Christians&rft.place=Eugene&rft.pub=Wipf+and+Stock&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F994706026&rft.isbn=9781532607912&rft.aulast=Montero&rft.aufirst=Roman+A.&rft.au=Foster%2C+Edgar+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+anarchism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-smith-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-smith_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2004" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Smith, Clyde Curry (2004). "Speratus". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dacb.org/stories/tunisia/speratus/"><i>Dictionary of African Christian Biography</i></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180909201537/https://dacb.org/stories/tunisia/speratus/">Archived</a> from the original on 9 September 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 September</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Speratus&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+African+Christian+Biography&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Clyde+Curry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdacb.org%2Fstories%2Ftunisia%2Fsperatus%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+anarchism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikisource-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:Ante-Nicene Fathers/Volume IX/The Passion of the Scillitan Martyrs/The Passion of the Scillitan Martyrs"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Ante-Nicene_Fathers/Volume_IX/The_Passion_of_the_Scillitan_Martyrs/The_Passion_of_the_Scillitan_Martyrs"><i>The Passion of the Scillitan Martyrs</i> </a></span>, translated by Schaff, Philip, <a href="/wiki/T._%26_T._Clark" class="mw-redirect" title="T. & T. Clark">T. & T. Clark</a>, 1897 [180CE]</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Passion+of+the+Scillitan+Martyrs&rft.pub=T.+%26+T.+Clark&rft.date=1897&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+anarchism" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMerton1960" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Merton" title="Thomas Merton">Merton, Thomas</a> (1960). <i>Wisdom of the Desert</i>. Abbey of <a href="/wiki/Abbey_of_Our_Lady_of_Gethsemani" title="Abbey of Our Lady of Gethsemani">Gethsemani</a> Inc. p. 5.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Wisdom+of+the+Desert&rft.pages=5&rft.pub=Abbey+of+Gethsemani+Inc.&rft.date=1960&rft.aulast=Merton&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+anarchism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CA-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CA_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CA_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChristoyannopoulos2010" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Christoyannopoulos" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexandre Christoyannopoulos">Christoyannopoulos, Alexandre</a> (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ChristianAnarchism">"Christian Anarchism: A Revolutionary Reading of the Bible"</a>. <i>New Perspectives on Anarchism</i>. Lanham, Maryland: <a href="/wiki/Lexington_Books" class="mw-redirect" title="Lexington Books">Lexington Books</a>. pp. 149–168.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Christian+Anarchism%3A+A+Revolutionary+Reading+of+the+Bible&rft.btitle=New+Perspectives+on+Anarchism&rft.place=Lanham%2C+Maryland&rft.pages=149-168&rft.pub=Lexington+Books&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Christoyannopoulos&rft.aufirst=Alexandre&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FChristianAnarchism&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+anarchism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarlow" class="citation web cs1">Marlow. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theanarchistlibrary.org/HTML/Marlow__Anarchism_and_Christianity.html">"Anarchism and Christianity"</a>. <i>The Anarchist Library</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120515214953/http://www.theanarchistlibrary.org/HTML/Marlow__Anarchism_and_Christianity.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2012-05-15<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-05-06</span></span>. <q>It was in these conditions of class struggle that, among a whole cluster of radical groups such as the Fifth Monarchy Men, the Levellers and the Ranters, there emerged perhaps the first real proto-anarchists, the Diggers, who like the classical 19th century anarchists identified political and economic power and who believed that a social, rather than political revolution was necessary for the establishment of justice. Gerrard Winstanley, the Diggers' leader, made an identification with the word of God and the principle of reason, an equivalent philosophy to that found in <a href="/wiki/Tolstoy" class="mw-redirect" title="Tolstoy">Tolstoy</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/The_Kingdom_of_God_is_Within_You" class="mw-redirect" title="The Kingdom of God is Within You">The Kingdom of God is Within You</a></i>. In fact, it seems likely Tolstoy took much of his own inspiration from Winstanley.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Anarchist+Library&rft.atitle=Anarchism+and+Christianity&rft.au=Marlow&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theanarchistlibrary.org%2FHTML%2FMarlow__Anarchism_and_Christianity.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+anarchism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBerneri" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Marie_Louise_Berneri" title="Marie Louise Berneri">Berneri, Marie Louise</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theanarchistlibrary.org/HTML/Marie_Louise_Berneri__Utopias_of_the_English_Revolution.html#toc10"><i>Utopias of the English Revolution</i></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120515214936/http://www.theanarchistlibrary.org/HTML/Marie_Louise_Berneri__Utopias_of_the_English_Revolution.html#toc10">Archived</a> from the original on 2012-05-15<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-05-06</span></span>. <q>While the ideal commonwealth conceived by <a href="/wiki/James_Harrington_(author)" title="James Harrington (author)">James Harrington</a> tried to combine the existence of a powerful state with respect for the political rights of the citizens, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hobbes" title="Thomas Hobbes">Thomas Hobbes</a> and Gerrard Winstanley, for opposite reasons, denied the possibility of power being shared between the state and the people. ... Before defining the government of a true Commonwealth Winstanley denounces the kingly government based on property and like Proudhon he believes that '<a href="/wiki/Property_is_theft" class="mw-redirect" title="Property is theft">property is theft</a>'.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Utopias+of+the+English+Revolution&rft.aulast=Berneri&rft.aufirst=Marie+Louise&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theanarchistlibrary.org%2FHTML%2FMarie_Louise_Berneri__Utopias_of_the_English_Revolution.html%23toc10&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+anarchism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-theanarchistlibrary1-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-theanarchistlibrary1_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWoodcock" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/George_Woodcock" title="George Woodcock">Woodcock, George</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theanarchistlibrary.org/HTML/George_Woodcock__Anarchism.html">"Anarchism"</a>. <i>The Encyclopedia of Philosophy</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120515214943/http://www.theanarchistlibrary.org/HTML/George_Woodcock__Anarchism.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2012-05-15<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-05-06</span></span> – via The Anarchist Library.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Anarchism&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+Philosophy&rft.aulast=Woodcock&rft.aufirst=George&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theanarchistlibrary.org%2FHTML%2FGeorge_Woodcock__Anarchism.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+anarchism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBookchin2009" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Murray_Bookchin" title="Murray Bookchin">Bookchin, Murray</a> (27 April 2009). Herber, Lewis (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theanarchistlibrary.org/HTML/Lewis_Herber__Murray_Bookchin___Ecology_and_Revolutionary_Thought.html"><i>Ecology and Revolutionary Thought</i></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120515215001/http://www.theanarchistlibrary.org/HTML/Lewis_Herber__Murray_Bookchin___Ecology_and_Revolutionary_Thought.html">Archived</a> from the original on 15 May 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 December</span> 2011</span> – via The Anarchist Library.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ecology+and+Revolutionary+Thought&rft.date=2009-04-27&rft.aulast=Bookchin&rft.aufirst=Murray&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theanarchistlibrary.org%2FHTML%2FLewis_Herber__Murray_Bookchin___Ecology_and_Revolutionary_Thought.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+anarchism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Anderson2017-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Anderson2017_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnderson2017" class="citation book cs1">Anderson, Carlotta R. (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=v6U7DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT302"><i>All-American Anarchist: Joseph A. Labadie and the Labor Movement</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Wayne_State_University_Press" title="Wayne State University Press">Wayne State University Press</a>. p. 302. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8143-4327-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8143-4327-2"><bdi>978-0-8143-4327-2</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190321120116/https://books.google.com/books?id=v6U7DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT302">Archived</a> from the original on 2019-03-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-10-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=All-American+Anarchist%3A+Joseph+A.+Labadie+and+the+Labor+Movement&rft.pages=302&rft.pub=Wayne+State+University+Press&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-0-8143-4327-2&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=Carlotta+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dv6U7DwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT302&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+anarchism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Maude1911-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Maude1911_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaude1911" class="citation book cs1">Maude, Aylmer (1911). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lifetolstoy00maudgoog"><i>The Life of Tolstoy: Later years</i></a>. Dodd, Mead. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lifetolstoy00maudgoog/page/n377">355</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Life+of+Tolstoy%3A+Later+years&rft.pages=355&rft.pub=Dodd%2C+Mead&rft.date=1911&rft.aulast=Maude&rft.aufirst=Aylmer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flifetolstoy00maudgoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+anarchism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChristoyannopoulos2006" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Christoyannopoulos" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexandre Christoyannopoulos">Christoyannopoulos, Alexandre</a> (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/TolstoyThePeculiarChristianAnarchist">"Tolstoy the Peculiar Christian Anarchist"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tolstoy+the+Peculiar+Christian+Anarchist&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Christoyannopoulos&rft.aufirst=Alexandre&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FTolstoyThePeculiarChristianAnarchist&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+anarchism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStead1894" class="citation book cs1">Stead, William Thomas, ed. (1894). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=O40-YRkO0t8C&q=%22christian+anarchism%22"><i>The review of reviews, Volume 9, 1894, p.306</i></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210418050854/https://books.google.com/books?id=O40-YRkO0t8C&q=%22christian+anarchism%22">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-04-18<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-08-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+review+of+reviews%2C+Volume+9%2C+1894%2C+p.306&rft.date=1894&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DO40-YRkO0t8C%26q%3D%2522christian%2Banarchism%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+anarchism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMather_&_Crowther1894" class="citation book cs1">Mather & Crowther, ed. (1894). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sIpNAAAAYAAJ&q=%22christian+anarchism%22"><i>The Speaker</i></a>. Vol. 9. p. 254. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210625152855/https://books.google.com/books?id=sIpNAAAAYAAJ&q=%22christian+anarchism%22">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-06-25<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-08-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Speaker&rft.pages=254&rft.date=1894&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DsIpNAAAAYAAJ%26q%3D%2522christian%2Banarchism%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+anarchism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dawkins2007-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Dawkins2007_39-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dawkins2007_39-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDawkins2007" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Dawkins" title="Richard Dawkins">Dawkins, Richard</a> (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fsZ26vQxJKMC&pg=PA468"><i>The New Encyclopedia of Unbelief</i></a>. Prometheus Books, Publishers. p. 468. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-61592-280-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-61592-280-2"><bdi>978-1-61592-280-2</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190321120130/https://books.google.com/books?id=fsZ26vQxJKMC&pg=PA468">Archived</a> from the original on 2019-03-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-10-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+New+Encyclopedia+of+Unbelief&rft.pages=468&rft.pub=Prometheus+Books%2C+Publishers&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-61592-280-2&rft.aulast=Dawkins&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfsZ26vQxJKMC%26pg%3DPA468&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+anarchism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ifRQAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA245"><i>Proceedings of The ... annual Convention of the Industrial Workers of the World ...</i></a> 1905. p. 245. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190321120133/https://books.google.com/books?id=ifRQAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA245">Archived</a> from the original on 2019-03-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-10-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Proceedings+of+The+...+annual+Convention+of+the+Industrial+Workers+of+the+World+...&rft.pages=245&rft.date=1905&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DifRQAQAAMAAJ%26pg%3DPA245&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+anarchism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rosemont2015-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Rosemont2015_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRosemont2015" class="citation book cs1">Rosemont, Franklin (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WIjiCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT442"><i>Joe Hill: The IWW & the Making of a Revolutionary Workingclass Counterculture</i></a>. PM Press. p. 442. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-62963-210-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-62963-210-0"><bdi>978-1-62963-210-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190321120119/https://books.google.com/books?id=WIjiCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT442">Archived</a> from the original on 2019-03-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-10-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Joe+Hill%3A+The+IWW+%26+the+Making+of+a+Revolutionary+Workingclass+Counterculture&rft.pages=442&rft.pub=PM+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-62963-210-0&rft.aulast=Rosemont&rft.aufirst=Franklin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWIjiCgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT442&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+anarchism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Benowitz2017-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Benowitz2017_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBenowitz2017" class="citation book cs1">Benowitz, June Melby (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Jm8tDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA137"><i>Encyclopedia of American Women and Religion</i></a> (2nd ed.). <a href="/wiki/ABC-CLIO" class="mw-redirect" title="ABC-CLIO">ABC-CLIO</a>. pp. 137–138. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4408-3987-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4408-3987-0"><bdi>978-1-4408-3987-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190321120119/https://books.google.com/books?id=Jm8tDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA137">Archived</a> from the original on 2019-03-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-10-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+American+Women+and+Religion&rft.pages=137-138&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-1-4408-3987-0&rft.aulast=Benowitz&rft.aufirst=June+Melby&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJm8tDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA137&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+anarchism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20121207032158/http://www.catholicnews.com/data/stories/cns/1204800.htm">"US bishops endorse sainthood cause of Catholic Worker's Dorothy Day"</a>. <i>Catholic New Service</i>. 13 November 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.catholicnews.com/data/stories/cns/1204800.htm">the original</a> on 7 December 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 December</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Catholic+New+Service&rft.atitle=US+bishops+endorse+sainthood+cause+of+Catholic+Worker%27s+Dorothy+Day&rft.date=2012-11-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.catholicnews.com%2Fdata%2Fstories%2Fcns%2F1204800.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+anarchism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDorothy1999" class="citation book cs1">Dorothy, Day (1999). <i>On Pilgrimage</i>. <a href="/wiki/William_B._Eerdmans_Publishing_Company" title="William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company">Eerdmans</a>. p. 40.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=On+Pilgrimage&rft.pages=40&rft.pub=Eerdmans&rft.date=1999&rft.aulast=Dorothy&rft.aufirst=Day&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+anarchism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcKay2007" class="citation book cs1">McKay, Iain (2007). <i>An Anarchist FAQ Volume One</i>. <a href="/wiki/AK_Press" title="AK Press">AK Press</a>. p. 75.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Anarchist+FAQ+Volume+One&rft.pages=75&rft.pub=AK+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=McKay&rft.aufirst=Iain&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+anarchism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LambertHerod2016-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-LambertHerod2016_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLambertHerod2016" class="citation book cs1">Lambert, Rob; Herod, Andrew (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uvm-CwAAQBAJ&pg=PA4"><i>Neoliberal Capitalism and Precarious Work: Ethnographies of Accommodation and Resistance</i></a>. Edward Elgar. p. 4. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78195-495-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78195-495-9"><bdi>978-1-78195-495-9</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190321120142/https://books.google.com/books?id=uvm-CwAAQBAJ&pg=PA4">Archived</a> from the original on 2019-03-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-10-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Neoliberal+Capitalism+and+Precarious+Work%3A+Ethnographies+of+Accommodation+and+Resistance&rft.pages=4&rft.pub=Edward+Elgar&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1-78195-495-9&rft.aulast=Lambert&rft.aufirst=Rob&rft.au=Herod%2C+Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Duvm-CwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+anarchism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCoy1988" class="citation book cs1">Coy, Patrick G. (1988). <i>A Revolution of the heart: essays on the Catholic worker</i>. <a href="/wiki/Temple_University_Press" title="Temple University Press">Temple University Press</a>. pp. 16–23. <q>Peter Maurin</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Revolution+of+the+heart%3A+essays+on+the+Catholic+worker&rft.pages=16-23&rft.pub=Temple+University+Press&rft.date=1988&rft.aulast=Coy&rft.aufirst=Patrick+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+anarchism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeil" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Simone_Weil" title="Simone Weil">Weil, Simone</a>. <i>Waiting for God</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Waiting+for+God&rft.aulast=Weil&rft.aufirst=Simone&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+anarchism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://comptoir.org/2015/06/22/avec-simone-weil-george-orwell-pour-socialisme-vraiment-populaire">"Avec Simone Weil et George Orwell"</a> [With Simone Weil and George Orwell]. <i>Le Comptoir</i> (in French). 22 June 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201119145930/https://comptoir.org/2015/06/22/avec-simone-weil-george-orwell-pour-socialisme-vraiment-populaire/">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-11-19<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-11-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Le+Comptoir&rft.atitle=Avec+Simone+Weil+et+George+Orwell&rft.date=2015-06-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcomptoir.org%2F2015%2F06%2F22%2Favec-simone-weil-george-orwell-pour-socialisme-vraiment-populaire&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+anarchism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChristoyannopoulos2010a167–175Deceptive_Dogmas...Sanctimonious_self-righteousness-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChristoyannopoulos2010a167–175Deceptive_Dogmas...Sanctimonious_self-righteousness_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChristoyannopoulos2010a">Christoyannopoulos 2010a</a>, p. 167–175, Deceptive Dogmas...Sanctimonious self-righteousness.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEllul1988" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Ellul" title="Jacques Ellul">Ellul, Jacques</a> (1988). <i>Anarchy and Christianity</i>. Michigan: <a href="/wiki/William_B._Eerdmans_Publishing_Co." class="mw-redirect" title="William B. Eerdmans Publishing Co.">William B. Eerdmans Publishing Co.</a> p. 26. <q>The immediate reality, however, is that the revelation of Jesus ought not to give rise to a religion. All religion leads to war, but the Word of God is not a religion, and it is the most serious of all betrayals to have made of it a religion.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Anarchy+and+Christianity&rft.place=Michigan&rft.pages=26&rft.pub=William+B.+Eerdmans+Publishing+Co.&rft.date=1988&rft.aulast=Ellul&rft.aufirst=Jacques&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+anarchism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChristoyannopoulos2010a175–177Institutional_religion-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChristoyannopoulos2010a175–177Institutional_religion_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChristoyannopoulos2010a">Christoyannopoulos 2010a</a>, p. 175–177, Institutional religion.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFElliot1990" class="citation book cs1">Elliot, Michael C. (1990). <i>Freedom, Justice and Christian Counter-Culture</i>. London: SCM Press. p. 164. <q>Jesus asserted that each person could have direct and personal access to the truth, and each become in effect his or her own authority</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Freedom%2C+Justice+and+Christian+Counter-Culture&rft.place=London&rft.pages=164&rft.pub=SCM+Press&rft.date=1990&rft.aulast=Elliot&rft.aufirst=Michael+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+anarchism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChristoyannopoulos2010a52The_cycle_of_violence-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChristoyannopoulos2010a52The_cycle_of_violence_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChristoyannopoulos2010a">Christoyannopoulos 2010a</a>, p. 52, The cycle of violence.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChristoyannopoulos2008" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Christoyannopoulos" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexandre Christoyannopoulos">Christoyannopoulos, Alexandre</a> (April 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/TurningTheOtherCheekToTerrorism">"Turning the Other Cheek to Terrorism: Reflections on the Contemporary Significance of Leo Tolstoy's Exegesis of the Sermon on the Mount"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. pp. 41–42.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Turning+the+Other+Cheek+to+Terrorism%3A+Reflections+on+the+Contemporary+Significance+of+Leo+Tolstoy%27s+Exegesis+of+the+Sermon+on+the+Mount&rft.pages=41-42&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2008-04&rft.aulast=Christoyannopoulos&rft.aufirst=Alexandre&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FTurningTheOtherCheekToTerrorism&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+anarchism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDay1945" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Day" title="Dorothy Day">Day, Dorothy</a> (February 1945). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110511123716/http://www.catholicworker.org/dorothyday/daytext.cfm?TextID=150">"More About Holy Poverty. Which Is Voluntary Poverty"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Catholic_Worker" class="mw-redirect" title="The Catholic Worker">The Catholic Worker</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.catholicworker.org/dorothyday/daytext.cfm?TextID=150">the original</a> on May 11, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 5,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=More+About+Holy+Poverty.+Which+Is+Voluntary+Poverty.&rft.pub=The+Catholic+Worker&rft.date=1945-02&rft.aulast=Day&rft.aufirst=Dorothy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.catholicworker.org%2Fdorothyday%2Fdaytext.cfm%3FTextID%3D150&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+anarchism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCornellEllsberg1995" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Tom_Cornell" title="Tom Cornell">Cornell, Tom</a>; <a href="/wiki/Robert_Ellsberg" title="Robert Ellsberg">Ellsberg, Robert</a> (1995). <i>A Penny a Copy: Readings from the Catholic Worker</i>. <a href="/wiki/Orbis_Books" title="Orbis Books">Orbis Books</a>. p. 198. <q>At its deepest level voluntary poverty is a way of seeing the world and the things of the world.… The Gospels are quite clear: the rich man is told to sell all he has and give to the poor, for it is easier for a camel to pass through the eye of a needle than for a rich man to enter heaven. And we are clearly instructed that 'you can not serve God and Mammon'.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Penny+a+Copy%3A+Readings+from+the+Catholic+Worker&rft.pages=198&rft.pub=Orbis+Books&rft.date=1995&rft.aulast=Cornell&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft.au=Ellsberg%2C+Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+anarchism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChristoyannopoulos2010a181–182Paul's_letter_to_Roman_Christians,_chapter_13-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChristoyannopoulos2010a181–182Paul's_letter_to_Roman_Christians,_chapter_13_58-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChristoyannopoulos2010a181–182Paul's_letter_to_Roman_Christians,_chapter_13_58-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChristoyannopoulos2010a">Christoyannopoulos 2010a</a>, p. 181–182, Paul's letter to Roman Christians, chapter 13.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Romans+13%3A1-7&version=NIV">"Bible Gateway passage: Romans 13:1-7 - New International Version"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Bible_Gateway" class="mw-redirect" title="Bible Gateway">Bible Gateway</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200130120746/https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Romans+13:1-7&version=NIV">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-01-30<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-01-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bible+Gateway&rft.atitle=Bible+Gateway+passage%3A+Romans+13%3A1-7+-+New+International+Version&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.biblegateway.com%2Fpassage%2F%3Fsearch%3DRomans%2B13%253A1-7%26version%3DNIV&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+anarchism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChristoyannopoulos2010a191–192Similar_passages_in_the_New_Testament-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChristoyannopoulos2010a191–192Similar_passages_in_the_New_Testament_60-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChristoyannopoulos2010a">Christoyannopoulos 2010a</a>, p. 191–192, Similar passages in the New Testament.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Titus+3%3A1&version=NIV">"Bible Gateway passage: Titus 3:1 - New International Version"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Bible_Gateway" class="mw-redirect" title="Bible Gateway">Bible Gateway</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200130120802/https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Titus+3:1&version=NIV">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-01-30<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-01-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bible+Gateway&rft.atitle=Bible+Gateway+passage%3A+Titus+3%3A1+-+New+International+Version&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.biblegateway.com%2Fpassage%2F%3Fsearch%3DTitus%2B3%253A1%26version%3DNIV&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+anarchism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Hebrews+13%3A17&version=NIV">"Bible Gateway passage: Hebrews 13:17 - New International Version"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Bible_Gateway" class="mw-redirect" title="Bible Gateway">Bible Gateway</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200130120750/https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Hebrews+13:17&version=NIV">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-01-30<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-01-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bible+Gateway&rft.atitle=Bible+Gateway+passage%3A+Hebrews+13%3A17+-+New+International+Version&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.biblegateway.com%2Fpassage%2F%3Fsearch%3DHebrews%2B13%253A17%26version%3DNIV&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+anarchism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+Peter+2%3A13-17&version=NIV">"Bible Gateway passage: 1 Peter 2:13-17 - New International Version"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Bible_Gateway" class="mw-redirect" title="Bible Gateway">Bible Gateway</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200130120755/https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+Peter+2:13-17&version=NIV">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-01-30<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-01-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bible+Gateway&rft.atitle=Bible+Gateway+passage%3A+1+Peter+2%3A13-17+-+New+International+Version&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.biblegateway.com%2Fpassage%2F%3Fsearch%3D1%2BPeter%2B2%253A13-17%26version%3DNIV&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+anarchism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFC.E.B._Cranfield1985" class="citation book cs1">C.E.B. Cranfield (1985). <i>The Christian's Political Responsibility According to the New Testament</i>. pp. 177–184. <q>We have to serve the state for the sake of men's eternal salvation</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Christian%27s+Political+Responsibility+According+to+the+New+Testament&rft.pages=177-184&rft.date=1985&rft.au=C.E.B.+Cranfield&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+anarchism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Alex-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Alex_65-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Alex_65-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Alex_65-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChristoyannopoulos2009" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Christoyannopoulos" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexandre Christoyannopoulos">Christoyannopoulos, Alexandre</a> (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/RespondingToTheState">"Responding to the State: Christian Anarchists on Romans 13, Rendering to Caesar, and Civil Disobedience"</a>. <i>Religious Anarchism: New Perspectives</i>. 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Michigan: <a href="/wiki/William_B._Eerdmans_Publishing_Co." class="mw-redirect" title="William B. Eerdmans Publishing Co.">William B. Eerdmans Publishing Co.</a> pp. 86–87. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780802804952" title="Special:BookSources/9780802804952"><bdi>9780802804952</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220531133937/https://books.google.com/books?id=55_Oa12YTt0C&pg=PA86">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-05-31<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-10-17</span></span>. <q>The Interpretation of Romans 13:1-2</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Anarchy+and+Christianity&rft.place=Michigan&rft.pages=86-87&rft.pub=William+B.+Eerdmans+Publishing+Co.&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=9780802804952&rft.aulast=Ellul&rft.aufirst=Jacques&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D55_Oa12YTt0C%26pg%3DPA86&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+anarchism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoyd2008" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Greg_Boyd_(theologian)" title="Greg Boyd (theologian)">Boyd, Greg</a> (9 January 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gregboyd.org/essays/kingdom-living/does-following-jesus-rule-out-serving-in-the-military-if-a-war-is-just/">"Does Following Jesus Rule Out Serving in the Military if a War is Just?"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110721000849/http://www.gregboyd.org/essays/kingdom-living/does-following-jesus-rule-out-serving-in-the-military-if-a-war-is-just/">Archived</a> from the original on 21 July 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-05-07</span></span>. <q>Voluntary self-subordination</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Christian+Anarchy%3A+Jesus%27+Primacy+Over+the+Powers&rft.pages=239&rft.pub=William+B.+Eerdmans+Publishing+Co.&rft.date=1987&rft.aulast=Eller&rft.aufirst=Vernard&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hccentral.com%2Feller12%2Fpart10.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+anarchism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hccentral.com/eller12/part1.html">"Christian Anarchy (Eller)"</a>. <i>www.hccentral.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190906091124/http://www.hccentral.com/eller12/part1.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2019-09-06<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Doubleday. p. 190. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780307424075" title="Special:BookSources/9780307424075"><bdi>9780307424075</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220531133937/https://books.google.com/books?id=kZ0RwN3uQXoC&pg=PT190">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-05-31<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-08-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Questions+of+Jesus%3A+Challenging+Ourselves+to+Discover+Life%27s+Great+Answers&rft.pages=190&rft.pub=Doubleday&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9780307424075&rft.aulast=Dear&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DkZ0RwN3uQXoC%26pg%3DPT190&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+anarchism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEllul" class="citation book cs1">Ellul, Jacques. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120222054630/http://www.jesusradicals.com/wp-content/uploads/anarchism-and-christianity.pdf"><i>Anarchism and Christianity</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. p. 20. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jesusradicals.com/wp-content/uploads/anarchism-and-christianity.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 22 February 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Anarchism+and+Christianity&rft.pages=20&rft.aulast=Ellul&rft.aufirst=Jacques&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jesusradicals.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2Fanarchism-and-christianity.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+anarchism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiller2010" class="citation book cs1">Miller, Robin Feuer (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=G9KwMaSPEF0C&pg=PA52"><i>Anniversary Essays on Tolstoy</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. p. 52. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781139486200" title="Special:BookSources/9781139486200"><bdi>9781139486200</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151105083122/https://books.google.com/books?id=G9KwMaSPEF0C&pg=PA52">Archived</a> from the original on 2015-11-05<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-08-14</span></span>. <q>Tolstoy's famous embrace of vegetarianism was triggered in large part by his intensifying philosophy of non-violence</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Anniversary+Essays+on+Tolstoy&rft.pages=52&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=9781139486200&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=Robin+Feuer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DG9KwMaSPEF0C%26pg%3DPA52&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+anarchism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"'<a href="/wiki/Thou_Shalt_Not_Kill_(by_Leo_Tolstoy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Thou Shalt Not Kill (by Leo Tolstoy)">Thou shalt not kill</a>' does not apply to murder of one's own kind only, but to all living beings; and this Commandment was inscribed in the human breast long before it was proclaimed from Sinai." – <a href="/wiki/Leo_Tolstoy" title="Leo Tolstoy">Leo Tolstoy</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHennacy1970" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ammon_Hennacy" title="Ammon Hennacy">Hennacy, Ammon</a> (1970). <i>The Book of Ammon</i>. Hennacy. p. 125. <q>I had been vegetarian since 1910</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Book+of+Ammon&rft.pages=125&rft.pub=Hennacy&rft.date=1970&rft.aulast=Hennacy&rft.aufirst=Ammon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+anarchism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGeological_Society_of_London2007" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Geological_Society_of_London" title="Geological Society of London">Geological Society of London</a> (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=olMgmIYuMPYC&pg=PA192"><i>Four centuries of geological travel</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781862392342" title="Special:BookSources/9781862392342"><bdi>9781862392342</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151128142056/https://books.google.com/books?id=olMgmIYuMPYC&pg=PA192">Archived</a> from the original on 2015-11-28<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-08-14</span></span>. <q>Monod became a vegetarian and an ardent pacifist</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Four+centuries+of+geological+travel&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9781862392342&rft.au=Geological+Society+of+London&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DolMgmIYuMPYC%26pg%3DPA192&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+anarchism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHiggins1982" class="citation book cs1">Higgins, Alfred G. (1982). <i>A History of the Brotherhood Church</i>. p. 52.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+the+Brotherhood+Church&rft.pages=52&rft.date=1982&rft.aulast=Higgins&rft.aufirst=Alfred+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+anarchism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thebrotherhoodchurch.org/history.htm">"The Brotherhood Church history"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110511101347/http://www.thebrotherhoodchurch.org/history.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 2011-05-11<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-01-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Brotherhood+Church+history&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebrotherhoodchurch.org%2Fhistory.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+anarchism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChristoyannopoulos2010" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Christoyannopoulos" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexandre Christoyannopoulos">Christoyannopoulos, Alexandre</a> (2010). <i>Christian Anarchism: A Political Commentary on the Gospel</i>. Exeter: Imprint Academic. pp. 24 and 260. <q>The Catholic Worker movement</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Christian+Anarchism%3A+A+Political+Commentary+on+the+Gospel&rft.place=Exeter&rft.pages=24+and+260&rft.pub=Imprint+Academic&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Christoyannopoulos&rft.aufirst=Alexandre&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+anarchism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChristoyannopoulos2010" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Christoyannopoulos" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexandre Christoyannopoulos">Christoyannopoulos, Alexandre</a> (2010). <i>Christian Anarchism: A Political Commentary on the Gospel</i>. Exeter: Imprint Academic. pp. 28–29. <q>Ciaron O'Reilly</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Christian+Anarchism%3A+A+Political+Commentary+on+the+Gospel&rft.place=Exeter&rft.pages=28-29&rft.pub=Imprint+Academic&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Christoyannopoulos&rft.aufirst=Alexandre&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+anarchism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKlejmentPatrick_Coy1988" class="citation book cs1">Klejment, Anne; Patrick Coy (1988). <i>A Revolution of the heart: essays on the Catholic worker</i>. <a href="/wiki/Temple_University_Press" title="Temple University Press">Temple University Press</a>. pp. 293–294.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Revolution+of+the+heart%3A+essays+on+the+Catholic+worker&rft.pages=293-294&rft.pub=Temple+University+Press&rft.date=1988&rft.aulast=Klejment&rft.aufirst=Anne&rft.au=Patrick+Coy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+anarchism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHennacy1970" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ammon_Hennacy" title="Ammon Hennacy">Hennacy, Ammon</a> (1970). <i>The Book of Ammon</i>. Hennacy. p. 0.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Book+of+Ammon&rft.pages=0&rft.pub=Hennacy&rft.date=1970&rft.aulast=Hennacy&rft.aufirst=Ammon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+anarchism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParaskos2017" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Paraskos" title="Michael Paraskos">Paraskos, Michael</a> (2017). <i>Rabbitman</i>. London: Friction Fiction. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780995713000" title="Special:BookSources/9780995713000"><bdi>9780995713000</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rabbitman&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Friction+Fiction&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=9780995713000&rft.aulast=Paraskos&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+anarchism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-online-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-online_94-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-online_94-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-online_94-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-online_94-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-online_94-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-online_94-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChristoyannopoulos2010" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Christoyannopoulos" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexandre Christoyannopoulos">Christoyannopoulos, Alexandre</a> (2010). "Online communities". <i>Christian Anarchism: A Political Commentary on the Gospel</i>. Exeter: Imprint Academic. pp. 264–265.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Online+communities&rft.btitle=Christian+Anarchism%3A+A+Political+Commentary+on+the+Gospel&rft.place=Exeter&rft.pages=264-265&rft.pub=Imprint+Academic&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Christoyannopoulos&rft.aufirst=Alexandre&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+anarchism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libera-catholick-union.simdif.com/">"We are contemplative-activists amalgamating Independent Sacramental Movement, New Monastic, and Christian Anarchism charisms in a Catholic context."</a> <i>libera-catholick-union.simdif.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200219210929/https://libera-catholick-union.simdif.com/">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-02-19<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-01-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=libera-catholick-union.simdif.com&rft.atitle=We+are+contemplative-activists+amalgamating+Independent+Sacramental+Movement%2C+New+Monastic%2C+and+Christian+Anarchism+charisms+in+a+Catholic+context..&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flibera-catholick-union.simdif.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+anarchism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChristoyannopoulos2011" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Christoyannopoulos" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexandre Christoyannopoulos">Christoyannopoulos, Alexandre</a> (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/ni/2011/05/was_jesus_an_anarchist.html">"Was Jesus an anarchist?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190905182136/https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/ni/2011/05/was_jesus_an_anarchist.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2019-09-05<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-12-20</span></span>. <q>The two passages that are most frequently brought up as 'clear evidence'… to respect civil authorities and to honour secular governments as those whom God has placed in authority… are Romans 13 and 'render unto Caesar'.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Was+Jesus+an+anarchist%3F&rft.pub=BBC&rft.date=2011&rft.aulast=Christoyannopoulos&rft.aufirst=Alexandre&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fblogs%2Fni%2F2011%2F05%2Fwas_jesus_an_anarchist.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+anarchism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlexis-Baker2006" class="citation journal cs1">Alexis-Baker, Nekeisha (October 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.utopianmag.com/archives/embracing-god-and-rejecting-masters">"Embracing God and Rejecting Masters: On Christianity, Anarchism and the State"</a>. <i>The Utopian</i>. <b>5</b>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131029203706/http://www.utopianmag.com/archives/embracing-god-and-rejecting-masters">Archived</a> from the original on 2013-10-29<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-05-10</span></span>. <q>The anarchist position on God can be summed up in the popular slogan, 'No God and no masters'. […] If God is indeed a tyrant as Bakunin asserts then the abolition of God and religion are necessary parts of what it means to be anarchist.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Utopian&rft.atitle=Embracing+God+and+Rejecting+Masters%3A+On+Christianity%2C+Anarchism+and+the+State&rft.volume=5&rft.date=2006-10&rft.aulast=Alexis-Baker&rft.aufirst=Nekeisha&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.utopianmag.com%2Farchives%2Fembracing-god-and-rejecting-masters&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+anarchism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCraig" class="citation web cs1">Craig, Kevin. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://romans13.com">"Romans 13: The Most Disastrously Misinterpreted Scripture in the History of the Human Race"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220405194621/https://romans13.com/">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-04-05<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-05-31</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Romans+13%3A+The+Most+Disastrously+Misinterpreted+Scripture+in+the+History+of+the+Human+Race&rft.aulast=Craig&rft.aufirst=Kevin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fromans13.com&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+anarchism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vftonline.org/xmaspiracy/5/Romans13/unlucky13.htm">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Unlucky 13": Romans 13, Revelation 13, and Isaiah 13… and why the State does not want you to read them together"</a>. <i>Vine & fig tree</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190905183402/http://vftonline.org/xmaspiracy/5/Romans13/unlucky13.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 2019-09-05<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-10-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Vine+%26+fig+tree&rft.atitle=%22Unlucky+13%22%3A+Romans+13%2C+Revelation+13%2C+and+Isaiah+13%E2%80%A6+and+why+the+State+does+not+want+you+to+read+them+together&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fvftonline.org%2Fxmaspiracy%2F5%2FRomans13%2Funlucky13.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+anarchism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_anarchism&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChristoyannopoulos2010a" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Christoyannopoulos" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexandre Christoyannopoulos">Christoyannopoulos, Alexandre</a> (2010a). <i>Christian Anarchism: A Political Commentary on the Gospel</i>. Exeter: Imprint Academic.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Christian+Anarchism%3A+A+Political+Commentary+on+the+Gospel&rft.place=Exeter&rft.pub=Imprint+Academic&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Christoyannopoulos&rft.aufirst=Alexandre&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+anarchism" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_anarchism&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="19th_century">19th century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_anarchism&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: 19th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Renan" title="Ernest Renan">Ernest Renan</a> (1863) <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/LifeOfJesus">The Life of Jesus</a></i>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_Tolstoy" title="Leo Tolstoy">Leo Tolstoy</a> (1886–94) <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/WhatIBelieve_109">What I Believe</a></i>; and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Kingdom_of_God_Is_Within_You" title="The Kingdom of God Is Within You">The Kingdom of God Is Within You</a></i>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Engels" title="Friedrich Engels">Friedrich Engels</a> (1894) <i>A Contribution to the History of Primitive Christianity</i>.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="20th_century">20th century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_anarchism&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: 20th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 40em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elbert_Hubbard" title="Elbert Hubbard">Elbert Hubbard</a> (1910) <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/JesusWasAnAnarchist">Jesus Was An Anarchist</a></i> (originally titled <i>The Better Part</i>).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ammon_Hennacy" title="Ammon Hennacy">Ammon Hennacy</a> (1954) <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/AutobiographyOfACatholicAnarchist">The Autobiography of a Catholic Anarchist</a></i> (reprinted in 1965 as <i>The Book of Ammon</i>). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1608990535" title="Special:BookSources/978-1608990535">978-1608990535</a></li> <li>Archie Penner (1959) <i>The Christian, The State, and the New Testament</i> (reprinted in 2000 as <i>The New Testament, the Christian, and the State</i>).</li> <li>Ruth Gilmore (1970) <i>The Christian Anarchists: Ruskin and Tolstoy, and a Consideration of Their Influence on Gandhi</i>.</li> <li>Niels Kjaer (1972) <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/KristendomOgAnarkisme">Kristendom og Anarkisme</a></i> (translated as <i>Christianity and Anarchism</i>).</li> <li>Mary Segers (1977) <i>Equality and Christian Anarchism: The Political and Social Ideas of the Catholic Worker Movement</i>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vernard_Eller" title="Vernard Eller">Vernard Eller</a> (1987) <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ChristianAnarchy">Christian Anarchy: Jesus' Primacy Over the Powers</a></i>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1579102227" title="Special:BookSources/978-1579102227">978-1579102227</a></li> <li>Linda H. Damico (1987) <i>The Anarchist Dimension of Liberation Theology</i>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1620323441" title="Special:BookSources/978-1620323441">978-1620323441</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Ellul" title="Jacques Ellul">Jacques Ellul</a> (1988) <i>Anarchy and Christianity</i>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1606089712" title="Special:BookSources/978-1606089712">978-1606089712</a></li> <li>Patrick Coy, et al. (1988) <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4dG87jxGDFcC&pg=PP1">A Revolution of the Heart: Essays on the Catholic Worker</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151120150858/https://books.google.com/books?id=4dG87jxGDFcC&lpg=PP1&pg=PP1">Archived</a> 2015-11-20 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></i>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0865712621" title="Special:BookSources/978-0865712621">978-0865712621</a></li> <li>Michael C. Elliott (1990) <i>Freedom, Justice and Christian Counter-Culture</i>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1620328576" title="Special:BookSources/978-1620328576">978-1620328576</a></li> <li>George Tarleton (1993) <i>Birth of a Christian Anarchist</i>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dave_Andrews_(activist)" title="Dave Andrews (activist)">Dave Andrews</a> (1999) <i>Christi-Anarchy: Discovering a Radical Spirituality of Compassion</i>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1610978521" title="Special:BookSources/978-1610978521">978-1610978521</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="21st_century">21st century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_anarchism&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: 21st century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 40em"> <ul><li>Frederick G. Boehrer (2001) <i>Christian Anarchism and the Catholic Worker Movement: Roman Catholic Authority and Identity in the United States</i>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Bartley" title="Jonathan Bartley">Jonathan Bartley</a> (2006) <i>Faith and Politics After Christendom: The Church as a Movement for Anarchy</i>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1842273487" title="Special:BookSources/978-1842273487">978-1842273487</a></li> <li>Ted Lewis ed. (2008) <i>Electing Not to Vote: Christian Reflections on Reasons for Not Voting</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1556352270" title="Special:BookSources/978-1556352270">978-1556352270</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shane_Claiborne" title="Shane Claiborne">Shane Claiborne</a> (2008) <i><a href="/wiki/Jesus_for_President" title="Jesus for President">Jesus for President: Politics for Ordinary Radicals</a></i>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0310278429" title="Special:BookSources/978-0310278429">978-0310278429</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripp_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Tripp York">Tripp York</a> (2009) <i>Living on Hope While Living in Babylon: The Christian Anarchists of the 20th Century</i>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1556356858" title="Special:BookSources/978-1556356858">978-1556356858</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Alan_Black" title="David Alan Black">David Alan Black</a> (2009) <i>Christian Archy</i>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1893729773" title="Special:BookSources/978-1893729773">978-1893729773</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Christoyannopoulos" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexandre Christoyannopoulos">Alexandre Christoyannopoulos</a> (2010) <i>Christian Anarchism: A Political Commentary on the Gospel</i>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1845402471" title="Special:BookSources/978-1845402471">978-1845402471</a></li> <li>Ronald E. Osborn (2010) <i>Anarchy and Apocalypse: Essays on Faith, Violence, and Theodicy</i>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1606089620" title="Special:BookSources/978-1606089620">978-1606089620</a></li> <li>Keith Hebden (2011–13) <i>Dalit Theology and Christian Anarchism</i>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1409424390" title="Special:BookSources/978-1409424390">978-1409424390</a> and <i>Seeking Justice: The Radical Compassion of Jesus</i>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78099-688-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78099-688-2">978-1-78099-688-2</a></li> <li>Tom O'Golo (2011) <i>Christ? No! Jesus? Yes!: A Radical Reappraisal of a Very Important Life</i>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0953252008" title="Special:BookSources/978-0953252008">978-0953252008</a></li> <li>Jacques de Guillebon and Falk van Gaver (2012) <i>L'anarchisme chrétien</i> (translated as <i>Christian anarchism</i>). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2356310613" title="Special:BookSources/978-2356310613">978-2356310613</a></li> <li>Mark Van Steenwyk (2012–13) <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ThatHolyAnarchist">That Holy Anarchist: Reflections on Christianity & Anarchism</a></i>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0615659817" title="Special:BookSources/978-0615659817">978-0615659817</a> and <i>The Kingdom of God: Embracing the Subversive Power of Repentance</i>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0830836550" title="Special:BookSources/978-0830836550">978-0830836550</a></li> <li>Noel Moules (2012) <i>Fingerprints of Fire, Footprints of Peace: A Spiritual Manifesto from a Jesus Perspective</i>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84694-612-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84694-612-7">978-1-84694-612-7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Davor_D%C5%BEalto" title="Davor Džalto">Davor Džalto</a> (2016) <i>Anarchism and Orthodoxy</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://publicorthodoxy.org/2016/09/21/anarchism-and-orthodoxy/">[1]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161011042315/https://publicorthodoxy.org/2016/09/21/anarchism-and-orthodoxy/">Archived</a> 2016-10-11 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Davor_D%C5%BEalto" title="Davor Džalto">Davor Džalto</a> (2021) <i>Anarchy and the Kingdom of God: From Eschatology to Orthodox Political Theology and Back</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.fordhampress.com/9780823294398/anarchy-and-the-kingdom-of-god/">[2]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210115210505/https://www.fordhampress.com/9780823294398/anarchy-and-the-kingdom-of-god/">Archived</a> 2021-01-15 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li>Montero, Roman A. 2017. <i>All Things in Common: The Economic Practices of the Early Christians.</i> Eugene, OR: Wipf & Stock. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781532607912" title="Special:BookSources/9781532607912">9781532607912</a></li> <li>Beno Profetyk (2017) <i>Christocrate, la logique de l'anarchisme chrétien</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2839918466" title="Special:BookSources/978-2839918466">978-2839918466</a></li> <li>Beno Profetyk (2020) <i>Credo du Christocrate – Christocrat's creed</i> (Bilingual French-English edition)</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_anarchism&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <i><b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Christian_anarchism" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Christian anarchism">Christian anarchism</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/search.php?query=subject%3A%22Christian%20anarchism%22&sort=-downloads">Works on Christian anarchism</a> at <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/subjects/christian_anarchism">Books on Christian anarchism</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Open_Library" title="Open Library">Open Library</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110411052804/http://voicesofdemocracy.umd.edu/deliberative-topics/religion-morality-in-public-life/dorothy-day-union-square-speech-6-november-1965/">"Union Square Speech"</a>, Dorothy Day, November 6, 1965</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MPf7qc-3stEC&pg=PA20">Commentary: John 18:33-38</a>, Ollie Harrison, <i><a href="/wiki/Third_Way_Magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="Third Way Magazine">Third Way Magazine</a></i>, February 1996</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ChristianAnarchism"><i>Christian Anarchism: A Revolutionary Reading of the Bible</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Christoyannopoulos" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexandre Christoyannopoulos">Alexandre Christoyannopoulos</a>, World International Studies Conference (WISC), July 23–26, 2008</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ssrn.com/abstract=1337761"><i>Jesus Is an Anarchist</i></a>, James Redford, <a href="/wiki/Social_Science_Research_Network" title="Social Science Research Network">Social Science Research Network</a> (SSRN), October 17, 2009</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/ni/2011/05/was_jesus_an_anarchist.html">Was Jesus an anarchist?</a> - interview with Alexandre Christoyannopoulos by <a href="/wiki/William_Crawley" title="William Crawley">William Crawley</a>, <a href="/wiki/BBC_Northern_Ireland" title="BBC Northern Ireland">BBC Northern Ireland</a>, May 2011</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jesusradicals.com">Jesus Radicals</a> - A webzine exploring Christianity and anarchism</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121020010053/http://compassionistas.net/">Compassionistas</a> - A resource for Spiritual Activism with some Christian Anarchist material</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://christianarchism.com/">Christianarchism</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130526225957/http://christianarchism.com/">Archived</a> 2013-05-26 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> - An interpretation of Christian Anarchism</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://benohasopher.info/">Beno Hasopher</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220907115848/http://www.benohasopher.info/">Archived</a> 2022-09-07 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> - Webpage of Beno Hasopher, christian anarchist theologian <span class="languageicon">(in French)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://la.indymedia.org/news/2019/01/297451.php">Maurin, Day, the Catholic Worker, and Anarcho-Distributism</a> by Nicholas Evans 2018</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://la.indymedia.org/news/2018/08/297061.php">Pantarchy: Voluntary State and a New Catholic Church: Brief Overview of the Views of the Individualist Anarchist Stephen Pearl Andrews</a> by Nicholas Evans 2018</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.indybay.org/newsitems/2021/07/30/18844068.php">Catholic Freedom: Why Confession To A Priest Is Not Necessary To Have Sins Forgiven</a> A Brief History of Confession from a Cafeteria Catholic Anarchist perspective by Nicholas Evans</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=GkflmvR8RX8&feature=youtu.be">Jesus was an anarchist!</a> - interview with Alexandre Christoyannopoulos by Matt Archer, June 2021</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output 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criminology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anationalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anationalism">Anationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-authoritarianism" title="Anti-authoritarianism">Anti-authoritarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-capitalism" title="Anti-capitalism">Anti-capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antimilitarism" title="Antimilitarism">Anti-militarism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Affinity_group" title="Affinity group">Affinity group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_social_center" class="mw-redirect" title="Autonomous social center">Autonomous social center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_bloc" title="Black bloc">Black bloc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classless_society" title="Classless society">Classless society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Class_conflict" title="Class conflict">Class struggle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consensus_decision-making" title="Consensus decision-making">Consensus decision-making</a></li> <li><a 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title="Participatory politics">Participatory politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Permanent_autonomous_zone" class="mw-redirect" title="Permanent autonomous zone">Permanent autonomous zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prefigurative_politics" title="Prefigurative politics">Prefigurative politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proletarian_internationalism" title="Proletarian internationalism">Proletarian internationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propaganda_of_the_deed" title="Propaganda of the deed">Propaganda of the deed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refusal_of_work" title="Refusal of work">Refusal of work</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolution" title="Revolution">Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rewilding_(anarchism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rewilding (anarchism)">Rewilding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabotage" title="Sabotage">Sabotage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Security_culture" title="Security culture">Security culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-ownership" title="Self-ownership">Self-ownership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_ecology_(Bookchin)" class="mw-redirect" title="Social ecology (Bookchin)">Social ecology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sociocracy" title="Sociocracy">Sociocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somatherapy" class="mw-redirect" title="Somatherapy">Somatherapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spontaneous_order" title="Spontaneous order">Spontaneous order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squatting" title="Squatting">Squatting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temporary_Autonomous_Zone" title="Temporary Autonomous Zone">Temporary autonomous zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_egoists" title="Union of egoists">Union of egoists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voluntary_association" title="Voluntary association">Voluntary association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers%27_council" title="Workers' council">Workers' council</a></li></ul></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Issues_in_anarchism" title="Category:Issues in anarchism">Issues</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_and_animal_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Anarchism and animal rights">Animal rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_and_capitalism" title="Anarchism and capitalism">Capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_and_education" title="Anarchism and education">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_and_issues_related_to_love_and_sex" title="Anarchism and issues related to love and sex">Love and sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_and_nationalism" title="Anarchism and nationalism">Nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_and_religion" title="Anarchism and religion">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_and_violence" title="Anarchism and violence">Violence</a></li></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Anarchist_schools_of_thought" title="Category:Anarchist schools of thought">Schools of thought</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Classical_anarchism" class="mw-redirect" title="Classical anarchism">Classical</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Individualist_anarchism" title="Individualist anarchism">Individualist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Egoist_anarchism" title="Egoist anarchism">Egoist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Illegalism" title="Illegalism">Illegalist</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarcho-naturism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anarcho-naturism">Naturist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophical_anarchism" title="Philosophical anarchism">Philosophical</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutualism_(economic_theory)" title="Mutualism (economic theory)">Mutualist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_anarchism" title="Social anarchism">Social</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Collectivist_anarchism" title="Collectivist anarchism">Collectivist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarcho-communism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anarcho-communism">Communist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Magonism" title="Magonism">Magonist</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Post-classical_anarchism" class="mw-redirect" title="Post-classical anarchism">Post-classical</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarcha-feminism" title="Anarcha-feminism">Feminist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_anarchism" title="Green anarchism">Green</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarcho-primitivism" title="Anarcho-primitivism">Primitivist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_ecology_(Bookchin)" class="mw-redirect" title="Social ecology (Bookchin)">Social ecology</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independence_anarchism" class="mw-redirect" title="Independence anarchism">Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurrectionary_anarchism" title="Insurrectionary anarchism">Insurrectionary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarcho-pacifism" title="Anarcho-pacifism">Pacifist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_and_religion#Religious_anarchism_and_anarchist_themes_in_religions" title="Anarchism and religion">Religious</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Christian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_and_religion#Buddhism" title="Anarchism and religion">Buddhist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_anarchism" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish anarchism">Jewish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_without_adjectives" title="Anarchism without adjectives">Without adjectives</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_anarchism" title="Contemporary anarchism">Contemporary</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_anarchism" title="Black anarchism">Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_anarchism" title="Market anarchism">Free-market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postcolonial_anarchism" title="Postcolonial anarchism">Postcolonial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-anarchism" class="mw-redirect" title="Post-anarchism">Post-anarchist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-left_anarchy" class="mw-redirect" title="Post-left anarchy">Post-left</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queer_anarchism" title="Queer anarchism">Queer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types of federation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Affinity_group" title="Affinity group">Affinity group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarcho-syndicalism" title="Anarcho-syndicalism">Anarcho-syndicalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platformism" title="Platformism">Platformism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synthesis_anarchism" title="Synthesis anarchism">Synthesis anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_egoists" title="Union of egoists">Union of egoists</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Anarchist_economics" title="Category:Anarchist economics">Economics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Communization" title="Communization">Communization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooperative" title="Cooperative">Cooperative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cost_the_limit_of_price" title="Cost the limit of price">Cost the limit of price</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planned_economy#Decentralized_planning" title="Planned economy">Decentralized planned economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_association_of_producers" title="Free association of producers">Free association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_strike" title="General strike">General strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gift_economy" title="Gift economy">Gift economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Give-away_shop" title="Give-away shop">Give-away shop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_voucher" title="Labour voucher">Labour voucher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_socialism" title="Market socialism">Market socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutual_bank" title="Mutual bank">Mutual bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutual_credit" title="Mutual credit">Mutual credit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_ownership" title="Social ownership">Social ownership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wage_slavery" title="Wage slavery">Wage slavery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers%27_self-management" title="Workers' self-management">Workers' self-management</a></li></ul></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Anarchist_culture" title="Category:Anarchist culture">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_las_Barricadas" title="A las Barricadas">A las Barricadas</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchist_bookfair" title="Anarchist bookfair">Anarchist bookfair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarcho-punk" title="Anarcho-punk">Anarcho-punk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_and_the_arts" title="Anarchism and the arts">Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DIY_ethic" class="mw-redirect" title="DIY ethic">DIY ethic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Escuela_Moderna" class="mw-redirect" title="Escuela Moderna">Escuela Moderna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_dealing_with_anarchism" title="List of films dealing with anarchism">Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freeganism" title="Freeganism">Freeganism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infoshop" title="Infoshop">Infoshop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Media_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent Media Center">Independent Media Center</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Internationale" title="The Internationale">The Internationale</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_anarchism" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish anarchism">Jewish anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lifestyle_anarchism" class="mw-redirect" title="Lifestyle anarchism">Lifestylism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Workers%27_Day" title="International Workers' Day">May Day</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/No_gods,_no_masters" class="mw-redirect" title="No gods, no masters">No gods, no masters</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_education" title="Popular education">Popular education</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Property_is_theft!" class="mw-redirect" title="Property is theft!">Property is theft!</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radical_cheerleading" title="Radical cheerleading">Radical cheerleading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radical_environmentalism" title="Radical environmentalism">Radical environmentalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-managed_social_center" title="Self-managed social center">Self-managed social center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchist_symbolism" title="Anarchist symbolism">Symbolism</a></li></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Anarchism" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Anarchism">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutions_of_1848" title="Revolutions of 1848">Revolutions of 1848</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Regional_Federation_of_the_IWA" title="Spanish Regional Federation of the IWA">Spanish Regional Federation of the IWA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris_Commune" title="Paris Commune">Paris Commune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hague_Congress_(1872)" title="Hague Congress (1872)">Hague Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantonal_rebellion" title="Cantonal rebellion">Cantonal rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haymarket_affair" title="Haymarket affair">Haymarket affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Conference_of_Rome_for_the_Social_Defense_Against_Anarchists" title="International Conference of Rome for the Social Defense Against Anarchists">International Conference of Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trial_of_the_Thirty" title="Trial of the Thirty">Trial of the Thirty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Conference_of_Rome_for_the_Social_Defense_Against_Anarchists" title="International Conference of Rome for the Social Defense Against Anarchists">International Conference of Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferrer_movement" title="Ferrer movement">Ferrer movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strandza_Commune" class="mw-redirect" title="Strandza Commune">Strandza Commune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Anarchist_Congress_of_Amsterdam" title="International Anarchist Congress of Amsterdam">Congress of Amsterdam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tragic_Week_(Spain)" title="Tragic Week (Spain)">Tragic Week</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Treason_Incident" title="High Treason Incident">High Treason Incident</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Manifesto_of_the_Sixteen" title="Manifesto of the Sixteen">Manifesto of the Sixteen</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Revolution_of_1918%E2%80%931919" class="mw-redirect" title="German Revolution of 1918–1919">German Revolution of 1918–1919</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bavarian_Soviet_Republic" title="Bavarian Soviet Republic">Bavarian Soviet Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1919_United_States_anarchist_bombings" title="1919 United States anarchist bombings">1919 United States bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biennio_Rosso" title="Biennio Rosso">Biennio Rosso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kronstadt_rebellion" title="Kronstadt rebellion">Kronstadt rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makhnovshchina" title="Makhnovshchina">Makhnovshchina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amakasu_Incident" title="Amakasu Incident">Amakasu Incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Revolution_of_1936" title="Spanish Revolution of 1936">Spanish Revolution of 1936</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barcelona_May_Days" class="mw-redirect" title="Barcelona May Days">Barcelona May Days</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_inverted_triangle" class="mw-redirect" title="Red inverted triangle">Red inverted triangle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labadie_Collection" title="Labadie Collection">Labadie Collection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provo_(movement)" title="Provo (movement)">Provo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_68" title="May 68">May 1968</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LIP_(company)" title="LIP (company)">LIP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kate_Sharpley_Library" title="Kate Sharpley Library">Kate Sharpley Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Anarchist_Centenary_Celebrations" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian Anarchist Centenary Celebrations">Australian Anarchist Centenary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnival_Against_Capital" title="Carnival Against Capital">Carnival Against Capital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_Seattle_WTO_protests" title="1999 Seattle WTO protests">1999 Seattle WTO protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Really_Really_Free_Market" title="Really Really Free Market">Really Really Free Market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupy_movement" title="Occupy movement">Occupy movement</a></li></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Anarchists" title="Category:Anarchists">People</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashanti_Alston" title="Ashanti Alston">Alston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile_Armand" title="Émile Armand">Armand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ba_Jin" title="Ba Jin">Ba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Bakunin" title="Mikhail Bakunin">Bakunin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Berkman" title="Alexander Berkman">Berkman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfredo_Bonanno" title="Alfredo Bonanno">Bonanno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murray_Bookchin" title="Murray Bookchin">Bookchin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martial_Bourdin" title="Martial Bourdin">Bourdin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noam_Chomsky" title="Noam Chomsky">Chomsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voltairine_de_Cleyre" title="Voltairine de Cleyre">Cleyre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Day" title="Dorothy Day">Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buenaventura_Durruti" title="Buenaventura Durruti">Durruti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Ellul" title="Jacques Ellul">Ellul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorenzo_Kom%27boa_Ervin" title="Lorenzo Kom'boa Ervin">Ervin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9bastien_Faure" title="Sébastien Faure">Faure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Fauset_MacDonald" title="Thomas Fauset MacDonald">Fauset MacDonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Ferrer" title="Francisco Ferrer">Ferrer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Feyerabend" title="Paul Feyerabend">Feyerabend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Severino_Di_Giovanni" title="Severino Di Giovanni">Giovanni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Godwin" title="William Godwin">Godwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emma_Goldman" title="Emma Goldman">Goldman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Gonz%C3%A1lez_Prada" title="Manuel González Prada">González Prada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Graeber" title="David Graeber">Graeber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Guillaume" title="James Guillaume">Guillaume</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/He_Zhen_(anarchist)" title="He Zhen (anarchist)">He-Yin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanno_Sugako" title="Kanno Sugako">Kanno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dtoku_Sh%C5%ABsui" title="Kōtoku Shūsui">Kōtoku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Kropotkin" title="Peter Kropotkin">Kropotkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustav_Landauer" title="Gustav Landauer">Landauer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Shifu" title="Liu Shifu">Liu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ricardo_Flores_Mag%C3%B3n" title="Ricardo Flores Magón">Magón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nestor_Makhno" title="Nestor Makhno">Makhno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grigorii_Maksimov" title="Grigorii Maksimov">Maksimov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Errico_Malatesta" title="Errico Malatesta">Malatesta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ida_Mett" title="Ida Mett">Mett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_Michel" title="Louise Michel">Michel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Most" title="Johann Most">Most</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucy_Parsons" title="Lucy Parsons">Parsons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francesc_Pi_i_Margall" title="Francesc Pi i Margall">Pi i Margall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile_Pouget" title="Émile Pouget">Pouget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre-Joseph_Proudhon" title="Pierre-Joseph Proudhon">Proudhon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiratsuka_Raich%C5%8D" title="Hiratsuka Raichō">Raichō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89lis%C3%A9e_Reclus" title="Élisée Reclus">Reclus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Rocker" title="Rudolf Rocker">Rocker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diego_Abad_de_Santill%C3%A1n" title="Diego Abad de Santillán">Santillán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lysander_Spooner" title="Lysander Spooner">Spooner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Stirner" title="Max Stirner">Stirner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_David_Thoreau" title="Henry David Thoreau">Thoreau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_Tolstoy" title="Leo Tolstoy">Tolstoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Tucker" title="Benjamin Tucker">Tucker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volin" title="Volin">Volin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colin_Ward" title="Colin Ward">Ward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josiah_Warren" title="Josiah Warren">Warren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Efim_Yarchuk" title="Efim Yarchuk">Yarchuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Zerzan" title="John Zerzan">Zerzan</a></li></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_anarchism" title="Outline of anarchism">Lists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_anarcho-punk_bands" title="List of anarcho-punk bands">Anarcho-punk bands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_books_about_anarchism" title="List of books about anarchism">Books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fictional_anarchists" title="List of fictional anarchists">Fictional characters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_dealing_with_anarchism" title="List of films dealing with anarchism">Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Jewish_anarchists" title="List of Jewish anarchists">Jewish anarchists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_anarchist_musicians" title="List of anarchist musicians">Musicians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_anarchist_periodicals" title="List of anarchist periodicals">Periodicals</a></li></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Anarchism_by_region" title="Category:Anarchism by region">By region</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Africa" title="Anarchism in Africa">Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Albania" title="Anarchism in Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Algeria" title="Anarchism in Algeria">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Andorra" title="Anarchism in Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Argentina" title="Anarchism in Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Armenia" title="Anarchism in Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Australia" title="Anarchism in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Austria" title="Anarchism in Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Azerbaijan" title="Anarchism in Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Bangladesh" title="Anarchism in Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Belarus" title="Anarchism in Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Belgium" title="Anarchism in Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Bolivia" title="Anarchism in Bolivia">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Anarchism in Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Brazil" title="Anarchism in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Bulgaria" title="Anarchism in Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Canada" title="Anarchism in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Chile" title="Anarchism in Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_China" title="Anarchism in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Colombia" title="Anarchism in Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Costa_Rica" title="Anarchism in Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Croatia" title="Anarchism in Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Cuba" title="Anarchism in Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Cyprus" title="Anarchism in Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_the_Czech_Republic" title="Anarchism in the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Denmark" title="Anarchism in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Anarchism in the Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_East_Timor" title="Anarchism in East Timor">East Timor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Ecuador" title="Anarchism in Ecuador">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Egypt" title="Anarchism in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_El_Salvador" title="Anarchism in El Salvador">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Estonia" title="Anarchism in Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Finland" title="Anarchism in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_France" title="Anarchism in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_French_Guiana" title="Anarchism in French Guiana">French Guiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Georgia" title="Anarchism in Georgia">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Germany" title="Anarchism in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Greece" title="Anarchism in Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Guatemala" title="Anarchism in Guatemala">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Hong_Kong" title="Anarchism in Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Hungary" title="Anarchism in Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Iceland" title="Anarchism in Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_India" title="Anarchism in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Indonesia" title="Anarchism in Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Iran" title="Anarchism in Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Ireland" title="Anarchism in Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Israel" title="Anarchism in Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Italy" title="Anarchism in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Japan" title="Anarchism in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Korea" title="Anarchism in Korea">Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Latvia" title="Anarchism in Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Malaysia" title="Anarchism in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Mexico" title="Anarchism in Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Monaco" title="Anarchism in Monaco">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Mongolia" title="Anarchism in Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Morocco" title="Anarchism in Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_the_Netherlands" title="Anarchism in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_New_Zealand" title="Anarchism in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Nicaragua" title="Anarchism in Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Nigeria" title="Anarchism in Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Norway" title="Anarchism in Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Panama" title="Anarchism in Panama">Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Paraguay" title="Anarchism in Paraguay">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Peru" title="Anarchism in Peru">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_the_Philippines" title="Anarchism in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Poland" title="Anarchism in Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Portugal" title="Anarchism in Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Puerto_Rico" title="Anarchism in Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Romania" title="Anarchism in Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Russia" title="Anarchism in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Serbia" title="Anarchism in Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Singapore" title="Anarchism in Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_South_Africa" title="Anarchism in South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Spain" title="Anarchism in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Sweden" title="Anarchism in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Switzerland" title="Anarchism in Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Syria" title="Anarchism in Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Taiwan" title="Anarchism in Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Tunisia" title="Anarchism in Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Turkey" title="Anarchism in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Ukraine" title="Anarchism in Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Anarchism in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_the_United_States" title="Anarchism in the United States">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Uruguay" title="Anarchism in Uruguay">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Venezuela" title="Anarchism in Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Vietnam" title="Anarchism in Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_anarchism" title="Outline of anarchism">Related topics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-corporate_activism" title="Anti-corporate activism">Anti-corporatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-consumerism" title="Anti-consumerism">Anti-consumerism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-fascism" title="Anti-fascism">Anti-fascism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-globalization_movement" title="Anti-globalization movement">Anti-globalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-statism" title="Anti-statism">Anti-statism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-war_movement" title="Anti-war movement">Anti-war movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autarchism" title="Autarchism">Autarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autonomism" title="Autonomism">Autonomism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communism" title="Communism">Communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Definition_of_anarchism_and_libertarianism" title="Definition of anarchism and libertarianism">Definition of anarchism and libertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dual_Power" class="mw-redirect" title="Dual Power">Dual Power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_movement" title="Labour movement">Labour movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left_communism" title="Left communism">Left communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left-libertarianism" title="Left-libertarianism">Left-libertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarianism" title="Libertarianism">Libertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_socialism" title="Libertarian socialism">Libertarian socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marxism" title="Marxism">Marxism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relationship_between_Friedrich_Nietzsche_and_Max_Stirner" title="Relationship between Friedrich Nietzsche and Max Stirner">Relationship between Friedrich<br />Nietzsche and Max Stirner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Situationist_International" title="Situationist International">Situationist International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialism" title="Socialism">Socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spontaneous_order" title="Spontaneous order">Spontaneous order</a></li></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <li><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/BlackFlagSymbol.svg/28px-BlackFlagSymbol.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/BlackFlagSymbol.svg/42px-BlackFlagSymbol.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/BlackFlagSymbol.svg/56px-BlackFlagSymbol.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="456" data-file-height="456" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Anarchism" title="Portal:Anarchism">Anarchism portal</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Category:Anarchism" title="Category:Anarchism">Category</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_anarchism" title="Outline of anarchism">Outline</a></b></li> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Anti-war_and_peace_movement" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Anti-war" title="Template:Anti-war"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Anti-war" title="Template talk:Anti-war"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Anti-war" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Anti-war"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Anti-war_and_peace_movement" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Anti-war_movement" title="Anti-war movement">Anti-war</a> and <a href="/wiki/Peace_movement" title="Peace movement">peace movement</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Peace advocates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-nuclear_organizations" title="Anti-nuclear organizations">Anti-nuclear organizations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-war_movement" title="Anti-war movement">Anti-war movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_anti-war_organizations" title="List of anti-war organizations">Anti-war organizations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boycott,_Divestment_and_Sanctions" title="Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions">Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coalition_of_Women_for_Peace" title="Coalition of Women for Peace">Coalition of Women for Peace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_Pink" title="Code Pink">Code Pink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conscientious_objector" title="Conscientious objector">Conscientious objectors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counterculture_of_the_1960s" title="Counterculture of the 1960s">Counterculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Peace" title="Culture of Peace">Culture of Peace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ECOPEACE_Party" title="ECOPEACE Party">ECOPEACE Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenham_Common_Women%27s_Peace_Camp" title="Greenham Common Women's Peace Camp">Greenham Common Women's Peace Camp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq_War_resisters_in_Canada" title="Iraq War resisters in Canada">Iraq War resisters in Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_pacifist_organisations" title="List of pacifist organisations">List of pacifist organisations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_peace_activists" title="List of peace activists">List of peace activists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Socialist_Party_of_Japan" title="New Socialist Party of Japan">New Socialist Party of Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacifist_Socialist_Party" title="Pacifist Socialist Party">Pacifist Socialist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_and_conflict_studies" title="Peace and conflict studies">Peace and conflict studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_camp" title="Peace camp">Peace camp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_churches" title="Peace churches">Peace churches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_commission" title="Peace commission">Peace commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_conference" title="Peace conference">Peace conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_congress" title="Peace congress">Peace congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_education" title="Peace education">Peace education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_movement" title="Peace movement">Peace movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_psychology" title="Peace psychology">Peace psychology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_treaty" title="Peace treaty">Peace treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peaceworker" title="Peaceworker">Peaceworker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/React,_Include,_Recycle" title="React, Include, Recycle">React, Include, Recycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_(Japan)" title="Social Democratic Party (Japan)">Social Democratic Party (Japan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unity_(Swedish_political_party)" title="Unity (Swedish political party)">Unity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Women%27s_Peace_Crusade" title="The Women's Peace Crusade">The Women's Peace Crusade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_resister" title="War resister">War resisters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_International_League_for_Peace_and_Freedom" title="Women's International League for Peace and Freedom">Women's International League for Peace and Freedom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ideologies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahimsa" title="Ahimsa">Ahimsa</a></li> <li>Anarchism <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarcho-pacifism" title="Anarcho-pacifism">Anarcho-pacifism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarcho-punk" title="Anarcho-punk">Anarcho-punks</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Christian anarchism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-imperialism" title="Anti-imperialism">Anti-imperialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-nuclear_movement" title="Anti-nuclear movement">Anti-nuclear movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antimilitarism" title="Antimilitarism">Antimilitarism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appeasement" title="Appeasement">Appeasement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_pacifism" title="Christian pacifism">Christian pacifism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deterrence_theory" title="Deterrence theory">Deterrence theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Direct_action" title="Direct action">Direct action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finvenkismo" class="mw-redirect" title="Finvenkismo">Finvenkismo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_politics" title="Green politics">Green politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hippie" title="Hippie">Hippie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isolationism" title="Isolationism">Isolationism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern-war_pacifism" title="Modern-war pacifism">Modern-war pacifism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-interventionism" title="Non-interventionism">Non-interventionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonkilling" title="Nonkilling">Nonkilling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonviolence" title="Nonviolence">Nonviolence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacificism" title="Pacificism">Pacificism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacifism" title="Pacifism">Pacifism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace" title="Peace">Peace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satyagraha" title="Satyagraha">Satyagraha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_influence_on_the_peace_movement" title="Soviet influence on the peace movement">Soviet influence on the peace movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Testimony_of_peace" title="Testimony of peace">Testimony of peace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_peace" title="World peace">World peace</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Media and cultural</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Anti-war_art" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Anti-war art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_books_with_anti-war_themes" title="List of books with anti-war themes">Books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concert_Yutel_for_Peace" title="Concert Yutel for Peace">Concert Yutel for Peace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dances_of_Universal_Peace" title="Dances of Universal Peace">Dances of Universal Peace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Festival_for_Peace" title="Festival for Peace">Festival for Peace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_anti-war_films" title="List of anti-war films">Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imagine_Piano_Peace_Project" title="Imagine Piano Peace Project">Imagine Piano Peace Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Day_of_Non-Violence" title="International Day of Non-Violence">International Day of Non-Violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Day_of_Peace" title="International Day of Peace">International Day of Peace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dialogue_Among_Civilizations" title="Dialogue Among Civilizations">Dialogue Among Civilizations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_peace_prizes" title="List of peace prizes">List of peace prizes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_places_named_after_peace" title="List of places named after peace">List of places named Peace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Peace_monuments_and_memorials" title="Category:Peace monuments and memorials">Monuments and memorials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mother%27s_Day_Proclamation" title="Mother's Day Proclamation">Mother's Day Proclamation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize_Concert" title="Nobel Peace Prize Concert">Nobel Peace Prize Concert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_museum" title="Peace museum">Museums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_%26_Love_(festival)" title="Peace & Love (festival)">Peace & Love (festival)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_journalism" title="Peace journalism">Peace journalism</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Peace_News" title="Peace News">Peace News</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Promoting_Enduring_Peace" title="Promoting Enduring Peace">Promoting Enduring Peace</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_One_Day" title="Peace One Day">Peace One Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_plays_with_anti-war_themes" title="List of plays with anti-war themes">Plays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Promoting_Enduring_Peace" title="Promoting Enduring Peace">Promoting Enduring Peace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Show_of_Peace_Concert" title="Show of Peace Concert">Show of Peace Concert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_anti-war_songs" title="List of anti-war songs">Songs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_symbols" title="Peace symbols">Symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Non-Violence_Project" title="The Non-Violence Project">The Non-Violence Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_for_Peace" title="University for Peace">University for Peace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Peace_Bell_Association" title="World Peace Bell Association">World Peace Bell Association</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Peace_Bell" title="Japanese Peace Bell">Japanese Peace Bell</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Black" title="Women in Black">Women in Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_March_for_Peace_and_Nonviolence" title="World March for Peace and Nonviolence">World March for Peace and Nonviolence</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Slogans and tactics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bed-in" title="Bed-in">Bed-in</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Park_be-ins" title="Central Park be-ins">Central Park be-ins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_disobedience" title="Civil disobedience">Civil disobedience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conflict_resolution" title="Conflict resolution">Conflict resolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counter-recruitment" title="Counter-recruitment">Counter-recruitment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De-escalation" title="De-escalation">De-escalation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demilitarisation" title="Demilitarisation">Demilitarisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Peace" title="Department of Peace">Department of Peace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desertion" title="Desertion">Desertion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Draft_evasion" title="Draft evasion">Draft evasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Die-in" title="Die-in">Die-in</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_sanctions" title="Economic sanctions">Economic sanctions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flower_power" title="Flower power">Flower power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Day_of_Action_on_Military_Spending" title="Global Day of Action on Military Spending">Global Day of Action on Military Spending</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_Be-In" title="Human Be-In">Human Be-In</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesson_of_Munich" title="Lesson of Munich">Lesson of Munich</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Make_love,_not_war" title="Make love, not war">Make love, not war</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-aggression_principle" title="Non-aggression principle">Non-aggression principle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonviolent_resistance" title="Nonviolent resistance">Nonviolent resistance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non_Violent_Resistance_(psychological_intervention)" title="Non Violent Resistance (psychological intervention)">Non Violent Resistance (psychological intervention)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_walk" title="Peace walk">Peace walk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peacebuilding" title="Peacebuilding">Peacebuilding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refusal_to_serve_in_the_Israel_Defense_Forces" title="Refusal to serve in the Israel Defense Forces">Refusal to serve in the Israel Defense Forces</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Soldiers_are_murderers" title="Soldiers are murderers">Soldiers are murderers</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swords_to_ploughshares" title="Swords to ploughshares">Swords to ploughshares</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teach-in" title="Teach-in">Teach-in</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_whole_world_is_watching" title="The whole world is watching">The whole world is watching</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Party_Non-violent_Intervention" title="Third Party Non-violent Intervention">Third Party Non-violent Intervention</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Turning_the_other_cheek" title="Turning the other cheek">Turn the other cheek</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Violence_begets_violence" title="Violence begets violence">Violence begets violence</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tax_resistance" title="Tax resistance">War tax resisters</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Opposition to specific<br />wars or their aspects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>War of 1812 (<a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_the_War_of_1812_in_Britain" title="Opposition to the War of 1812 in Britain">UK</a>; <a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_the_War_of_1812_in_the_United_States" title="Opposition to the War of 1812 in the United States">US</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_the_American_Civil_War" title="Opposition to the American Civil War">American Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_the_Second_Boer_War" title="Opposition to the Second Boer War">Second Boer War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_World_War_I" title="Opposition to World War I">World War I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_World_War_II" title="Opposition to World War II">World War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_United_States_involvement_in_the_Vietnam_War" title="Opposition to United States involvement in the Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_protests_against_the_Vietnam_War" title="List of protests against the Vietnam War">list of protests</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_the_war_on_terror" title="Criticism of the war on terror">War on Terror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_the_Iraq_War" title="Opposition to the Iraq War">Iraq War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_the_Iraq_War" title="Criticism of the Iraq War">Criticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protests_against_the_Iraq_War" title="Protests against the Iraq War">Protests</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_the_War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%932021)" title="Opposition to the War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)">Afghanistan War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_military_action_against_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="Opposition to military action against Iran">Military action in Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protests_against_the_Sri_Lankan_civil_war" title="Protests against the Sri Lankan civil war">Sri Lankan Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protests_against_the_2011_military_intervention_in_Libya" title="Protests against the 2011 military intervention in Libya">2011 intervention in Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_anti-war_protests_in_Russia" title="2014 anti-war protests in Russia">Anti-war protests in Russia (2014)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protests_against_the_2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Protests against the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine">2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2022_anti-war_protests_in_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 anti-war protests in Russia">in Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Far_Eastern_protests" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 Far Eastern protests">in Russian Far East</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Campaign_to_Ban_Landmines" title="International Campaign to Ban Landmines">Landmines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conscientious_objection_to_military_taxation" title="Conscientious objection to military taxation">Military taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_disarmament" title="Nuclear disarmament">Nuclear disarmament</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Day_for_the_Total_Elimination_of_Nuclear_Weapons" title="International Day for the Total Elimination of Nuclear Weapons">International Day for the Total Elimination of Nuclear Weapons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_weapons_convention" title="Nuclear weapons convention">Nuclear weapons convention</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Countries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pacifism_in_Canada" title="Category:Pacifism in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Article_12_of_the_Constitution_of_Costa_Rica" title="Article 12 of the Constitution of Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacifism_in_Germany" title="Pacifism in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_movement#Israel" title="Peace movement">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Article_9_of_the_Japanese_Constitution" title="Article 9 of the Japanese Constitution">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pacifism_in_the_Netherlands" title="Category:Pacifism in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacifism_in_Spain" title="Pacifism in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudanese_Professionals_Association" title="Sudanese Professionals Association">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_neutrality" title="Swiss neutrality">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pacifism_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Category:Pacifism in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacifism_in_the_United_States" title="Pacifism in the United States">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peacebuilding_in_Jammu_and_Kashmir" title="Peacebuilding in Jammu and Kashmir">Peacebuilding in Jammu and Kashmir</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Anti-war_movement" title="Category:Anti-war movement">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Christianity_and_politics" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Christianity_and_politics" title="Template:Christianity and politics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Christianity_and_politics" title="Template talk:Christianity and politics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Christianity_and_politics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Christianity and politics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Christianity_and_politics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Christianity_and_politics" title="Christianity and politics">Christianity and politics</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Christian_left" title="Christian left">Christian left</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Christian_right" title="Christian right">Christian right</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Key concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Separation_of_church_and_state" title="Separation of church and state">Separation of church and state</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Render_unto_Caesar" title="Render unto Caesar">Render unto Caesar</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two_kingdoms_doctrine" title="Two kingdoms doctrine">Two kingdoms doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion" title="Freedom of religion">Freedom of religion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Movements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Christian anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_democracy" title="Christian democracy">Christian democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clerical_fascism" title="Clerical fascism">Clerical fascism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Distributism" title="Distributism">Distributism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_left" title="Evangelical left">Evangelical left</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_feminism" title="Christian feminism">Christian feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_libertarianism" title="Christian libertarianism">Christian libertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Christianity" title="Libertarian Christianity">Libertarian Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianism" class="mw-redirect" title="Christianism">Christianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Catholicism" title="National Catholicism">National Catholicism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_pacifism" title="Christian pacifism">Christian pacifism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_politics" title="Catholic Church and politics">Political Catholicism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_reconstructionism" title="Christian reconstructionism">Christian reconstructionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theoconservatism" class="mw-redirect" title="Theoconservatism">Theoconservatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleoconservatism" title="Paleoconservatism">Paleoconservatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Integralism" title="Integralism">Integrism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_corporatism" title="Christian corporatism">Christian corporatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_socialism" title="Christian socialism">Christian socialism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_communism" title="Christian communism">Christian communism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodemocracy" title="Theodemocracy">Theodemocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Zionism" title="Christian Zionism">Christian Zionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_fascism" title="Christian fascism">Christofascism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_nationalism" title="Christian nationalism">Christian nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Patriot_movement" title="Christian Patriot movement">Christian Patriot movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_realism" title="Christian realism">Christian realism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Identity" title="Christian Identity">Identity Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_influence_of_Evangelicalism_in_Latin_America" title="Political influence of Evangelicalism in Latin America">Political influence of Evangelicalism in Latin America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Catholicism" title="Liberal Catholicism">Liberal Catholicism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Issues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_and_abortion" title="Christianity and abortion">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_and_homosexuality" title="Christianity and homosexuality">Homosexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_views_on_poverty_and_wealth" title="Christian views on poverty and wealth">Poverty and wealth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_views_on_environmentalism" title="Christian views on environmentalism">Christianity and environmentalism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Theology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_social_teaching" title="Catholic social teaching">Catholic social teaching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominion_theology" title="Dominion theology">Dominion theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberation_theology" title="Liberation theology">Liberation theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_theology" title="Political theology">Political theology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Political_theology_in_China" title="Political theology in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minjung_theology" title="Minjung theology">Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_theology_in_the_Middle_East" title="Political theology in the Middle East">Middle East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_theology_in_sub-Saharan_Africa" title="Political theology in sub-Saharan Africa">Sub-Saharan Africa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Gospel" title="Social Gospel">Social Gospel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prosperity_theology" title="Prosperity theology">Prosperity gospel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symphonia_(theology)" title="Symphonia (theology)">Symphonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radical_orthodoxy" title="Radical orthodoxy">Radical orthodoxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Integral_mission" title="Integral mission">Integral mission</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christian_state" title="Christian state">Christian state</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caesaropapism" title="Caesaropapism">Caesaropapism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_republic" title="Christian republic">Christian republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divine_right_of_kings" title="Divine right of kings">Divine right of kings</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religious_views_on_genetically_modified_foods#Christianity" title="Religious views on genetically modified foods">Christian views on genetically modified foods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_and_other_religions" title="Christianity and other religions">Christianity and other religions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_religion" title="Civil religion">Civil religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_religion" title="State religion">State religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theocracy" title="Theocracy">Theocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statement_on_Social_Justice_and_the_Gospel" title="Statement on Social Justice and the Gospel">Dallas Statement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Leo_Tolstoy" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Leo_Tolstoy" title="Template:Leo Tolstoy"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Leo_Tolstoy" title="Template talk:Leo Tolstoy"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Leo_Tolstoy" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Leo Tolstoy"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Leo_Tolstoy" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Leo_Tolstoy" title="Leo Tolstoy">Leo Tolstoy</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leo_Tolstoy_bibliography" title="Leo Tolstoy bibliography">Bibliography</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Novels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Childhood_(Tolstoy_novel)" title="Childhood (Tolstoy novel)">Childhood</a></i> (1852)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Boyhood_(novel)" title="Boyhood (novel)">Boyhood</a></i> (1854)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Youth_(Leo_Tolstoy_novel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Youth (Leo Tolstoy novel)">Youth</a></i> (1856)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Cossacks_(novel)" title="The Cossacks (novel)">The Cossacks</a></i> (1863)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/War_and_Peace" title="War and Peace">War and Peace</a></i> (1869)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Anna_Karenina" title="Anna Karenina">Anna Karenina</a></i> (1878)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Resurrection_(Tolstoy_novel)" title="Resurrection (Tolstoy novel)">Resurrection</a></i> (1899)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hadji_Murat_(novella)" title="Hadji Murat (novella)">Hadji Murat</a></i> (1912)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Novellas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Landowner%27s_Morning" title="A Landowner's Morning">A Landowner's Morning</a></i> (1856)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Two_Hussars" title="Two Hussars">Two Hussars</a></i> (1856)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Family_Happiness" title="Family Happiness">Family Happiness</a></i> (1859)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Polik%C3%BAshka_(novella)" title="Polikúshka (novella)">Polikúshka</a></i> (1860)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Death_of_Ivan_Ilyich" title="The Death of Ivan Ilyich">The Death of Ivan Ilyich</a></i> (1886)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Walk_in_the_Light_While_There_is_Light" title="Walk in the Light While There is Light">Walk in the Light While There is Light</a></i> (1888)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Kreutzer_Sonata" title="The Kreutzer Sonata">The Kreutzer Sonata</a></i> (1889)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Devil_(novel)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Devil (novel)">The Devil</a></i> (1889)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Master_and_Man_(short_story)" title="Master and Man (short story)">Master and Man</a></i> (1895)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Father_Sergius" title="Father Sergius">Father Sergius</a></i> (1898)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Forged_Coupon" title="The Forged Coupon">The Forged Coupon</a></i> (1904)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Short stories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Raid_(story)" title="The Raid (story)">The Raid</a>" (1852)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Cutting_of_the_Forest" title="The Cutting of the Forest">The Cutting of the Forest</a>" (1855)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Sevastopol_Sketches" title="Sevastopol Sketches">Sevastopol Sketches</a>" (1855)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Recollections_of_a_Billiard-marker" title="Recollections of a Billiard-marker">Recollections of a Billiard-marker</a>" (1855)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Snowstorm" title="The Snowstorm">The Snowstorm</a>" (1856)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Lucerne_(by_Tolstoy)" title="Lucerne (by Tolstoy)">Lucerne</a>" (1857)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Albert_(short_story)" title="Albert (short story)">Albert</a>" (1858)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Three_Deaths" title="Three Deaths">Three Deaths</a>" (1859)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Porcelain_Doll_(by_Tolstoy)" title="The Porcelain Doll (by Tolstoy)">The Porcelain Doll</a>" (1863)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/God_Sees_the_Truth,_But_Waits" title="God Sees the Truth, But Waits">God Sees the Truth, But Waits</a>" (1872)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Prisoner_of_the_Caucasus_(story)" title="The Prisoner of the Caucasus (story)">The Prisoner of the Caucasus</a>" (1872)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Bear_Hunt" title="The Bear Hunt">The Bear Hunt</a>" (1872)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/What_Men_Live_By" title="What Men Live By">What Men Live By</a>" (1881)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Diary_of_a_Lunatic" title="Diary of a Lunatic">Diary of a Lunatic</a>" (1884)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Quench_the_Spark" title="Quench the Spark">Quench the Spark</a>" (1885)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/An_Old_Acquaintance_(by_Tolstoy)" title="An Old Acquaintance (by Tolstoy)">An Old Acquaintance</a>" (1885)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Where_Love_Is,_God_Is" title="Where Love Is, God Is">Where Love Is, God Is</a>" (1885)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Ivan_the_Fool_(story)" title="Ivan the Fool (story)">Ivan the Fool</a>" (1885)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Evil_Allures,_But_Good_Endures" title="Evil Allures, But Good Endures">Evil Allures, But Good Endures</a>" (1885)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Wisdom_of_Children" title="Wisdom of Children">Wisdom of Children</a>" (1885)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Three_Hermits" title="The Three Hermits">The Three Hermits</a>" (1886)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Promoting_a_Devil" title="Promoting a Devil">Promoting a Devil</a>" (1886)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/How_Much_Land_Does_a_Man_Need%3F" title="How Much Land Does a Man Need?">How Much Land Does a Man Need?</a>" (1886)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Grain" title="The Grain">The Grain</a>" (1886)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Repentance_(story)" title="Repentance (story)">Repentance</a>" (1886)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Croesus_and_Fate" title="Croesus and Fate">Croesus and Fate</a>" (1886)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Kholstomer" title="Kholstomer">Kholstomer</a>" (1886)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Two_Brothers_and_the_Gold" title="The Two Brothers and the Gold">The Two Brothers and the Gold</a>" (1886)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/A_Lost_Opportunity" title="A Lost Opportunity">A Lost Opportunity</a>" (1889)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/A_Dialogue_Among_Clever_People" title="A Dialogue Among Clever People">A Dialogue Among Clever People</a>" (1892)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Coffee-House_of_Surat" title="The Coffee-House of Surat">The Coffee-House of Surat</a>" (1893)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Young_Tsar" title="The Young Tsar">The Young Tsar</a>" (1894)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Too_Dear!" title="Too Dear!">Too Dear!</a>" (1897)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Work,_Death,_and_Sickness" title="Work, Death, and Sickness">Work, Death, and Sickness</a>" (1903)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Three_Questions" title="The Three Questions">Three Questions</a>" (1903)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Alyosha_the_Pot" title="Alyosha the Pot">Alyosha the Pot</a>" (1905)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/After_the_Ball_(short_story)" title="After the Ball (short story)">After the Ball</a>" (1911)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Plays</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Power_of_Darkness" title="The Power of Darkness">The Power of Darkness</a></i> (1886)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_First_Distiller" title="The First Distiller">The First Distiller</a></i> (1886)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Light_Shines_in_the_Darkness" title="The Light Shines in the Darkness">The Light Shines in the Darkness</a></i> (1890)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Fruits_of_Enlightenment" title="The Fruits of Enlightenment">The Fruits of Enlightenment</a></i> (1891)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Living_Corpse" title="The Living Corpse">The Living Corpse</a></i> (1900)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Cause_of_It_All" title="The Cause of It All">The Cause of It All</a></i> (1910)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-fiction</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/A_History_of_Yesterday" title="A History of Yesterday">A History of Yesterday</a></i> (1851)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Confession_(Leo_Tolstoy)" title="Confession (Leo Tolstoy)">Confession</a></i> (1882)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Gospel_in_Brief" title="The Gospel in Brief">The Gospel in Brief</a></i> (1883)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/What_I_Believe_(Tolstoy_book)" title="What I Believe (Tolstoy book)">What I Believe</a></i> (1884)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/What_Is_to_Be_Done%3F_(Tolstoy)" class="mw-redirect" title="What Is to Be Done? (Tolstoy)">What Is to Be Done?</a></i> (1886)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Kingdom_of_God_Is_Within_You" title="The Kingdom of God Is Within You">The Kingdom of God Is Within You</a></i> (1894)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/What_Is_Art%3F" title="What Is Art?">What Is Art?</a></i> (1897)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/A_Letter_to_a_Hindu" title="A Letter to a Hindu">A Letter to a Hindu</a>" (1908)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Inevitable_Revolution" title="The Inevitable Revolution">The Inevitable Revolution</a></i> (1909)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Calendar_of_Wisdom" title="A Calendar of Wisdom">A Calendar of Wisdom</a></i> (1910)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unfinished</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Decembrists" title="The Decembrists">The Decembrists</a></i> (1884)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Posthumous_Notes_of_the_Hermit_F%C3%ABdor_Kuzmich" title="Posthumous Notes of the Hermit Fëdor Kuzmich">Posthumous Notes of the Hermit Fëdor Kuzmich</a>" (1905)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sophia_Tolstoy" class="mw-redirect" title="Sophia Tolstoy">Sophia</a> (wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandra_Tolstaya" title="Alexandra Tolstaya">Alexandra</a> (daughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilya_Tolstoy" title="Ilya Tolstoy">Ilya</a> (son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lev_Lvovich_Tolstoy" title="Lev Lvovich Tolstoy">Lev Lvovich</a> (son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatyana_Sukhotina-Tolstaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Tatyana Sukhotina-Tolstaya">Tatyana</a> (daughter)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Life and legacy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yasnaya_Polyana" title="Yasnaya Polyana">Yasnaya Polyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolstoyan_movement" title="Tolstoyan movement">Tolstoyan movement</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Christian anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Departure_of_a_Grand_Old_Man" title="Departure of a Grand Old Man"><i>Departure of a Grand Old Man</i></a> (1912 film)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lev_Tolstoy_and_the_Russia_of_Nicholas_II" title="Lev Tolstoy and the Russia of Nicholas II">Lev Tolstoy and the Russia of Nicholas II</a></i> (1928 documentary)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lev_Tolstoy_(film)" title="Lev Tolstoy (film)">Lev Tolstoy</a></i> (1984 film)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Last_Station_(novel)" title="The Last Station (novel)"><i>The Last Station</i></a> (1990 novel, <a href="/wiki/The_Last_Station" title="The Last Station">2009 film)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Story_of_One_Appointment" title="Story of One Appointment">Story of One Appointment</a></i> (2018 film)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Couple" title="A Couple">A Couple</a></i> (2022 film)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Honors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tolstoy_Farm" title="Tolstoy Farm">Tolstoy Farm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolstoj_quadrangle" title="Tolstoj quadrangle">Tolstoj quadrangle</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tolstoj_(crater)" title="Tolstoj (crater)">crater</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Triumph_of_the_Farmer_or_Industry_and_Parasitism" title="The Triumph of the Farmer or Industry and Parasitism">The Triumph of the Farmer or Industry and Parasitism</a></i> (1888)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Chertkov" title="Vladimir Chertkov">Vladimir Chertkov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aylmer_and_Louise_Maude" title="Aylmer and Louise Maude">Aylmer and Louise Maude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Translators_of_Leo_Tolstoy" title="Category:Translators of Leo Tolstoy">Translators of Tolstoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Leo_Tolstoy_scholars" title="Category:Leo Tolstoy scholars">Tolstoy scholars</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Leo_Tolstoy" title="Category:Leo Tolstoy">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Religion_in_politics" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Religion_and_politics" title="Template:Religion and politics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Religion_and_politics" title="Template talk:Religion and politics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Religion_and_politics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Religion and politics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Religion_in_politics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_politics" title="Religion in politics">Religion in politics</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="General_concepts" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">General concepts</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-clericalism" title="Anti-clericalism">Anti-clericalism</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Anti-clericalism_and_Freemasonry" title="Anti-clericalism and Freemasonry">Anti-clericalism and Freemasonry</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caesaropapism" title="Caesaropapism">Caesaropapism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_religion" title="Civil religion">Civil religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clericalism" title="Clericalism">Clericalism</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Clerical_fascism" title="Clerical fascism">Clerical fascism</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confessionalism_(politics)" title="Confessionalism (politics)">Confessionalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_references_to_God" title="Constitutional references to God">Constitutional references to God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divine_rule" class="mw-redirect" title="Divine rule">Divine rule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engaged_Spirituality" class="mw-redirect" title="Engaged Spirituality">Engaged Spirituality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_theology" title="Feminist theology">Feminist theology</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Thealogy" title="Thealogy">Thealogy</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Womanist_theology" title="Womanist theology">Womanist theology</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion" title="Freedom of religion">Freedom of religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanism" title="Humanism">Humanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Identity_politics" title="Identity politics">Identity politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organized_secularism" title="Organized secularism">Organized secularism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Political religion">Political religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_anarchism" class="mw-redirect" title="Religious anarchism">Religious anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Masonry#Religious_anti-Masonry" title="Anti-Masonry">Religious anti-Masonry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_anti-Zionism" title="Religious anti-Zionism">Religious anti-Zionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_communism" title="Religious communism">Religious communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_humanism" title="Religious humanism">Religious humanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_law" title="Religious law">Religious law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_nationalism" title="Religious nationalism">Religious nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacifism#Religious_attitudes" title="Pacifism">Religious pacifism</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_peacebuilding" title="Religion and peacebuilding">Religion and peacebuilding</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_police" title="Religious police">Religious police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_rejection_of_politics" title="Religious rejection of politics">Religious rejection of politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_segregation" title="Religious segregation">Religious segregation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Separatism#Religious" title="Separatism">Religious separatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_socialism" title="Religious socialism">Religious socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_views_on_same-sex_marriage" title="Religious views on same-sex marriage">Religious views on same-sex marriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secular_humanism" title="Secular humanism">Secular humanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secular_liberalism" title="Secular liberalism">Secular liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secular_state" title="Secular state">Secular state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secularism" title="Secularism">Secularism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secularity" title="Secularity">Secularity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secularization" title="Secularization">Secularization</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Secular_religion" title="Secular religion">Secular religion</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Separation_of_church_and_state" title="Separation of church and state">Separation of church and state</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spiritual_left" title="Spiritual left">Spiritual left</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_atheism" title="State atheism">State atheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_religion" title="State religion">State religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theocracy" title="Theocracy">Theocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theonomy" title="Theonomy">Theonomy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Christianity_and_politics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Christianity_and_politics" title="Christianity and politics">Christianity and politics</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blaine_Amendment" title="Blaine Amendment">Blaine Amendment</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Christian anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-communism#Catholics" title="Anti-communism">Christian anti-communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_Freemasonry_within_Christianity" class="mw-redirect" title="Opposition to Freemasonry within Christianity">Christian anti-Masonry</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Papal_ban_of_Freemasonry" title="Papal ban of Freemasonry">Papal ban</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Zionism#Christian" title="Anti-Zionism">Christian anti-Zionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_communism" title="Christian communism">Christian communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporatism#Christianity" title="Corporatism">Christian corporatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_democracy" title="Christian democracy">Christian democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_egalitarianism" title="Christian egalitarianism">Christian egalitarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_views_on_environmentalism" title="Christian views on environmentalism">Christian environmentalism</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_environmentalism" title="Evangelical environmentalism">Evangelical environmentalism</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_fascism" title="Christian fascism">Christian fascism</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/German_Christians_(movement)" title="German Christians (movement)">German Christians (movement)</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/National_Catholicism" title="National Catholicism">National Catholicism</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Positive_Christianity" title="Positive Christianity">Positive Christianity</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Protestant_Reich_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant Reich Church">Protestant Reich Church</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_feminism" title="Christian feminism">Christian feminism</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Mormon_feminism" title="Mormon feminism">Mormon feminism</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_humanism" title="Christian humanism">Christian humanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian law">Christian law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_left" title="Christian left">Christian left</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_left" title="Evangelical left">Evangelical left</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_libertarianism" title="Christian libertarianism">Christian libertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_nationalism" title="Christian nationalism">Christian nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_pacifism" title="Christian pacifism">Christian pacifism</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Peacemaking#Christianity" title="Peacemaking">Christian peacemaking</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_reconstructionism" title="Christian reconstructionism">Christian reconstructionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_republic" title="Christian republic">Christian republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_right" title="Christian right">Christian right</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_socialism" title="Christian socialism">Christian socialism</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Christian_Socialism_in_Utah" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian Socialism in Utah">In Utah</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_state" title="Christian state">Christian state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Zionism" title="Christian Zionism">Christian Zionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cisalpinism" title="Cisalpinism">Cisalpinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominion_Theology" class="mw-redirect" title="Dominion Theology">Dominion Theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Febronianism" title="Febronianism">Febronianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallicanism" title="Gallicanism">Gallicanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberation_theology" title="Liberation theology">Liberation theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maronite_politics" title="Maronite politics">Maronite politics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phoenicianism" title="Phoenicianism">Phoenicianism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_state" class="mw-redirect" title="Papal state">Papal state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pillarisation" title="Pillarisation">Pillarisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_politics" title="Catholic Church and politics">Political Catholicism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relations_between_the_Catholic_Church_and_the_state" title="Relations between the Catholic Church and the state">Relations between the Catholic Church and the state</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Church%E2%80%93state_relations_in_Argentina" class="mw-redirect" title="Church–state relations in Argentina">In Argentina</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sphere_sovereignty" title="Sphere sovereignty">Sphere sovereignty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subsidiarity_(Catholicism)" title="Subsidiarity (Catholicism)">Subsidiarity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temporal_power_(papal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Temporal power (papal)">Temporal power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodemocracy" title="Theodemocracy">Theodemocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultramontanism" title="Ultramontanism">Ultramontanism</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Neo-ultramontanism" title="Neo-ultramontanism">Neo-ultramontanism</a></small></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Islam_and_politics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Political_aspects_of_Islam" title="Political aspects of Islam">Islam and politics</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hui_pan-nationalism" title="Hui pan-nationalism">Hui pan-nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cairo_Declaration_on_Human_Rights_in_Islam" title="Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam">Human Rights in Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imamate" title="Imamate">Imamate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_anarchism" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic anarchism">Islamic anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suppression_of_Freemasonry#Islamic_world" class="mw-redirect" title="Suppression of Freemasonry">Islamic anti-Masonry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Zionism#Muslim" title="Anti-Zionism">Islamic anti-Zionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_democracy" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic democracy">Islamic democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_fascism" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic fascism">Islamic fascism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_feminism" title="Islamic feminism">Islamic feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharia" title="Sharia">Sharia law</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Application_of_Islamic_law_by_country" class="mw-redirect" title="Application of Islamic law by country">by country</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_nationalism" title="Pakistani nationalism">In Pakistan</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Muslim_nationalism_in_South_Asia" title="Muslim nationalism in South Asia">In South Asia</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacifism_in_Islam" title="Pacifism in Islam">Islamic pacifism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_republic" title="Islamic republic">Islamic republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_socialism" title="Islamic socialism">Islamic socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_state" title="Islamic state">Islamic state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_supporters_of_Israel" title="Muslim supporters of Israel">Islamic Zionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamism" title="Islamism">Islamism</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Islamism" title="Criticism of Islamism">Criticism</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamization" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamization">Islamization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khilafat" class="mw-redirect" title="Khilafat">Khilafat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petro-Islam" title="Petro-Islam">Petro-Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_quietism" class="mw-redirect" title="Political quietism">Political quietism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taliban" title="Taliban">Taliban</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Talibanization" title="Talibanization">Talibanization</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two-nation_theory" title="Two-nation theory">Two-nation theory</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Judaism_and_politics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Judaism_and_politics" title="Judaism and politics">Judaism and politics</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Halachic_state" title="Halachic state">Halachic state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_anarchism" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish anarchism">Jewish anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Zionism#Jewish_anti-Zionism" title="Anti-Zionism">Jewish anti-Zionism</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Haredim_and_Zionism" title="Haredim and Zionism">Haredim</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Autonomism" title="Jewish Autonomism">Jewish Autonomism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_and_democratic_state" title="Jewish and democratic state">Jewish democracy</a></li> <li>Jewish fascism <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Kahanism" title="Kahanism">Kahanism</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Revisionist_Maximalism" title="Revisionist Maximalism">Revisionist Maximalism</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_feminism" title="Jewish feminism">Jewish feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish law">Jewish law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_left" title="Jewish left">Jewish left</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacifism#Judaism" title="Pacifism">Jewish pacifism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_political_movements" title="Jewish political movements">Jewish political movements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_right" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish right">Jewish right</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_secularism" title="Jewish secularism">Jewish secularism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_socialism" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish socialism">Jewish socialism</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Bundism" title="Bundism">Bundism</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poale_Zion" title="Poale Zion">Poale Zion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zionism" title="Zionism">Zionism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religious_Zionism" title="Religious Zionism">Religious</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Agudath_Israel" title="World Agudath Israel">World Agudath Israel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Hinduism_and_politics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Hindu_politics" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu politics">Hinduism and politics</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akhand_Bharat" title="Akhand Bharat">Akhand Bharat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_India#Hindu_feminism" title="Feminism in India">Hindu feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandhism#Religion" title="Gandhism">Gandhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_law" title="Hindu law">Hindu law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Vedanta" title="Neo-Vedanta">Hindu modernism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_nationalism" title="Hindu nationalism">Hindu nationalism</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Hindutva" title="Hindutva">Hindutva</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Hindu_Rashtra" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu Rashtra">Hindu Rashtra</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Panun_Kashmir" title="Panun Kashmir">Panun Kashmir</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Bangabhumi" title="Bangabhumi">Bangabhumi</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_revolution" title="Hindu revolution">Hindu revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_revivalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu revivalism">Hindu revivalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_environmentalism#Hinduism" title="Religion and environmentalism">Hindu environmentalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Integral_humanism_(India)" title="Integral humanism (India)">Integral humanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_Aryans" class="mw-redirect" title="Indigenous Aryans">Indigenous Aryans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rama#Rama_Rajya" title="Rama">Rama Rajya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saffronisation" title="Saffronisation">Saffronisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuddhi_(Hinduism)" title="Shuddhi (Hinduism)">Shuddhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uniform_civil_code" class="mw-redirect" title="Uniform civil code">Uniform civil code</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Buddhism_and_politics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Buddhism and politics</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-communism#Buddhists" title="Anti-communism">Buddhist anti-communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_feminism" title="Buddhist feminism">Buddhist feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddhist law">Buddhist law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_modernism" title="Buddhist modernism">Buddhist modernism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Buddhism#Nationalism" title="Criticism of Buddhism">Buddhist nationalism</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/969_Movement" title="969 Movement">969 Movement</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Nichirenism" title="Nichirenism">Nichirenism</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Sinhalese_Buddhist_nationalism" title="Sinhalese Buddhist nationalism">Sinhalese Buddhist nationalism</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_socialism" title="Buddhist socialism">Buddhist socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engaged_Buddhism" title="Engaged Buddhism">Engaged Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanistic_Buddhism" title="Humanistic Buddhism">Humanistic Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secular_Buddhism" title="Secular Buddhism">Secular Buddhism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Other" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Other</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_civil_religion" title="American civil religion">American civil religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disestablishmentarianism" title="Disestablishmentarianism">Disestablishmentarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_cult_(ancient_Rome)" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial cult (ancient Rome)">Imperial cult</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_ancient_Rome" title="Religion in ancient Rome">Ancient Rome</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gottgl%C3%A4ubig" title="Gottgläubig">Gottgläubig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalistan_movement" title="Khalistan movement">Khalistan movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reclaiming_(Neopaganism)" title="Reclaiming (Neopaganism)">Neopaganist feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_aspects_of_Nazism" title="Religious aspects of Nazism">Religious aspects of Nazism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Creativity_(religion)" title="Creativity (religion)">Creativity (religion)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cult_of_personality" title="Cult of personality">Cult of personality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Shinto" title="State Shinto">State Shinto</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q329659#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q329659#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q329659#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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