CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Madeira - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"18d73715-68d2-410e-a5dc-8a0fb2e8f628","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Madeira","wgTitle":"Madeira","wgCurRevisionId":1259326922,"wgRevisionId":1259326922,"wgArticleId":19898,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas","Pages using the Phonos extension","Webarchive template wayback links","CS1 interwiki-linked names","CS1 maint: location missing publisher","CS1 Portuguese-language sources (pt)","All articles with dead external links","Articles with dead external links from April 2024","CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Use dmy dates from December 2020", "Pages using infobox settlement with bad settlement type","Articles containing Portuguese-language text","Articles containing explicitly cited English-language text","Coordinates on Wikidata","Pages with European Portuguese IPA","Pages including recorded pronunciations","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from April 2022","Articles with unsourced statements from February 2023","Articles with unsourced statements from February 2022","Articles with unsourced statements from April 2017","Articles with unsourced statements from May 2022","Articles with unsourced statements from November 2015","Articles with excerpts","Articles with unsourced statements from July 2022","Articles with unsourced statements from December 2022","Articles with unsourced statements from November 2022","Articles needing additional references from June 2024","All articles needing additional references","Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata", "Pages using Sister project links with default search","Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference","Madeira","Madeira Island","1420s establishments in the Portuguese Empire","1976 disestablishments in the Portuguese Empire","1976 establishments in Portugal","Autonomous Regions of Portugal","Integral overseas territories","Islands of Macaronesia","Outermost regions of the European Union","Populated places established in the 1420s","States and territories established in 1976","Volcanoes of Portugal","Wine regions of Portugal","Islands of Africa","NUTS 1 statistical regions of the European Union"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Madeira","wgRelevantArticleId":19898,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false, "wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":100000,"wgCoordinates":{"lat":32.75,"lon":-17},"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q26253","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false, "wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","ext.phonos.styles":"ready","ext.phonos.icons":"ready","ext.tmh.player.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.tablesorter.styles":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","ext.phonos.init","ext.tmh.player","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.tablesorter","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher", "ext.gadget.WikiMiniAtlas","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.phonos.icons%2Cstyles%7Cext.tmh.player.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cjquery.tablesorter.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_Madeira.svg/1200px-Flag_of_Madeira.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="800"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_Madeira.svg/800px-Flag_of_Madeira.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="533"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_Madeira.svg/640px-Flag_of_Madeira.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="427"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Madeira - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madeira"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Madeira&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madeira"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Madeira rootpage-Madeira skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Madeira" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Madeira" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Madeira" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Madeira" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ancient" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ancient"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Ancient</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ancient-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legend" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legend"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Legend</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legend-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-European_exploration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#European_exploration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>European exploration</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-European_exploration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Settlement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Settlement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Settlement</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Settlement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-World_War_I" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#World_War_I"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>World War I</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-World_War_I-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Islands_and_islets" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Islands_and_islets"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Islands and islets</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Islands_and_islets-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Peaks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Peaks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Peaks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Peaks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Madeira_Island" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Madeira_Island"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.1</span> <span>Madeira Island</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Madeira_Island-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Flora_and_fauna" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Flora_and_fauna"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Flora and fauna</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Flora_and_fauna-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Flora and fauna subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Flora_and_fauna-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Endemic_plant_and_animal_species" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Endemic_plant_and_animal_species"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Endemic plant and animal species</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Endemic_plant_and_animal_species-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Madeiran_wall_lizard" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Madeiran_wall_lizard"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Madeiran wall lizard</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Madeiran_wall_lizard-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Madeiran_wolf_spider" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Madeiran_wolf_spider"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Madeiran wolf spider</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Madeiran_wolf_spider-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Birds" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Birds"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Birds</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Birds-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mice" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mice"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Mice</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mice-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Levadas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Levadas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span><i>Levadas</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Levadas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Politics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Politics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Politics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Political_autonomy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_autonomy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Political autonomy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Political_autonomy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Status_within_the_European_Union" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Status_within_the_European_Union"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Status within the European Union</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Status_within_the_European_Union-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Foreign_relations_and_defence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foreign_relations_and_defence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Foreign relations and defence</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foreign_relations_and_defence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Administrative_divisions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administrative_divisions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Administrative divisions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Administrative_divisions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Funchal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Funchal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>Funchal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Funchal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Population" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Population"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Population</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Population-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Population subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Population-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Diaspora" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Diaspora"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Diaspora</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Diaspora-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Immigration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Immigration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Immigration</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Immigration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Economy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Madeira_International_Business_Center" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Madeira_International_Business_Center"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Madeira International Business Center</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Madeira_International_Business_Center-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Regional_government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Regional_government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Regional government</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Regional_government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Tourism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Whale_watching" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Whale_watching"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3.1</span> <span>Whale watching</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Whale_watching-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sustainable_development" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sustainable_development"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Sustainable development</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sustainable_development-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Transport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Music</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cuisine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cuisine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2</span> <span>Cuisine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cuisine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Beverages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Beverages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.3</span> <span>Beverages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Beverages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Sports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sister_provinces" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sister_provinces"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Sister provinces</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sister_provinces-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Postage_stamps" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Postage_stamps"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Postage stamps</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Postage_stamps-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15.1</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Madeira</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 125 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-125" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">125 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madeiraeilande" title="Madeiraeilande – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Madeiraeilande" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madeira" title="Madeira – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Madeira" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%9B%E1%8B%B0%E1%8B%AD%E1%88%AB" title="ማደይራ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ማደይራ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7" title="ماديرا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ماديرا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madeira" title="Madeira – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Madeira" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%87%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%BE" title="মাদেইৰা – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="মাদেইৰা" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madeira" title="Madeira – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Madeira" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madeyra" title="Madeyra – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Madeyra" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madeira" title="Madeira – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Madeira" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Мадейра – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Мадейра" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%B9%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Мадэйра – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Мадэйра" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%B9%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Мадэйра – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Мадэйра" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Мадейра – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Мадейра" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madeira" title="Madeira – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Madeira" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madeira" title="Madeira – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Madeira" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madeira" title="Madeira – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Madeira" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madeira" title="Madeira – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Madeira" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Мадейра – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Мадейра" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madeira_(distrito)" title="Madeira (distrito) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Madeira (distrito)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madeira_(souostrov%C3%AD)" title="Madeira (souostroví) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Madeira (souostroví)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madera" title="Madera – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Madera" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madeira" title="Madeira – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Madeira" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madeira" title="Madeira – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Madeira" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madeira" title="Madeira – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Madeira" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autonome_Region_Madeira" title="Autonome Region Madeira – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Autonome Region Madeira" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madeira" title="Madeira – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Madeira" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B1%CE%B4%CE%AD%CF%81%CE%B1" title="Μαδέρα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μαδέρα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madeira" title="Madeira – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Madeira" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madejro" title="Madejro – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Madejro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madeira" title="Madeira – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Madeira" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madeira" title="Madeira – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Madeira" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7" title="مادیرا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مادیرا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madeira" title="Madeira – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Madeira" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mad%C3%A8re" title="Madère – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Madère" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madeara" title="Madeara – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Madeara" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maid%C3%A9ara" title="Maidéara – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Maidéara" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madeira_adalar%C4%B1" title="Madeira adaları – Gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Madeira adaları" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madeira" title="Madeira – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Madeira" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rexi%C3%B3n_Aut%C3%B3noma_de_Madeira" title="Rexión Autónoma de Madeira – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Rexión Autónoma de Madeira" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madeira" title="Madeira – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Madeira" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A7%88%EB%8D%B0%EC%9D%B4%EB%9D%BC_%EC%A0%9C%EB%8F%84" title="마데이라 제도 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="마데이라 제도" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A1%D5%A4%D5%A5%D5%B5%D6%80%D5%A1" title="Մադեյրա – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մադեյրա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE" title="मदीरा – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मदीरा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madeira_(autonomna_regija)" title="Madeira (autonomna regija) – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Madeira (autonomna regija)" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madeira" title="Madeira – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Madeira" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madeira" title="Madeira – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Madeira" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madeira" title="Madeira – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Madeira" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madeira" title="Madeira – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Madeira" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madeira" title="Madeira – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Madeira" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%80%C3%A6" title="Мадейрæ – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Мадейрæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IMadira" title="IMadira – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="IMadira" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madeiraeyjar" title="Madeiraeyjar – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Madeiraeyjar" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madera" title="Madera – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Madera" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%93%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%94" title="מדיירה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מדיירה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madeira" title="Madeira – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Madeira" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90" title="მადეირა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მადეირა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mad%C3%A9ra" title="Madéra – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Madéra" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Мадейра – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Мадейра" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madeira" title="Madeira – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Madeira" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visiwa_vya_Madeira" title="Visiwa vya Madeira – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Visiwa vya Madeira" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Мадейра – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Мадейра" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insulae_Materiae" title="Insulae Materiae – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Insulae Materiae" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madeira" title="Madeira – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Madeira" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madeiros_autonominis_regionas" title="Madeiros autonominis regionas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Madeiros autonominis regionas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madeira" title="Madeira – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Madeira" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madeira" title="Madeira – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Madeira" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isolas_Madera" title="Isolas Madera – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Isolas Madera" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madeira-szigetek" title="Madeira-szigetek – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Madeira-szigetek" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%98%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Мадејра – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Мадејра" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madeira" title="Madeira – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Madeira" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%88%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE" title="मादेईरा – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="मादेईरा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90" title="მადეირა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="მადეირა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7" title="ماديرا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ماديرا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7" title="مادیرا – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="مادیرا" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madeira" title="Madeira – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Madeira" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Region_Out%C3%B3noma_de_la_Madeira" title="Region Outónoma de la Madeira – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Region Outónoma de la Madeira" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%92%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9B%E1%80%80%E1%80%BB%E1%80%BD%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%99%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8" title="မဒီးရကျွန်းများ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="မဒီးရကျွန်းများ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madeira_(gebied)" title="Madeira (gebied) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Madeira (gebied)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madeira" title="Madeira – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Madeira" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9E%E3%83%87%E3%82%A4%E3%83%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%B3%B6" title="マデイラ諸島 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="マデイラ諸島" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Мадейра – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Мадейра" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regiuun_Madeira" title="Regiuun Madeira – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Regiuun Madeira" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madeira" title="Madeira – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Madeira" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madeira" title="Madeira – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Madeira" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madeira" title="Madeira – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Madeira" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archip%C3%A8la_de_Mad%C3%A8ira" title="Archipèla de Madèira – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Archipèla de Madèira" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7" title="مادیرا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="مادیرا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madiera" title="Madiera – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Madiera" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madera" title="Madera – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Madera" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madeira_(regi%C3%A3o_aut%C3%B3noma)" title="Madeira (região autónoma) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Madeira (região autónoma)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madeira" title="Madeira – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Madeira" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madeira" title="Madeira – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Madeira" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Мадейра – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Мадейра" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Мадейра – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Мадейра" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madeira" title="Madeira – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Madeira" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madeira" title="Madeira – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Madeira" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ishujt_Medeira" title="Ishujt Medeira – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Ishujt Medeira" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madera" title="Madera – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Madera" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%90%E0%B6%A9%E0%B7%99%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8F" title="මැඩෙයිරා – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="මැඩෙයිරා" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madeira" title="Madeira – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Madeira" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madeira" title="Madeira – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Madeira" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madeira" title="Madeira – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Madeira" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%AF%DB%95%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7" title="دوورگەکانی مادیرا – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="دوورگەکانی مادیرا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Мадеира – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Мадеира" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madeira" title="Madeira – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Madeira" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madeira" title="Madeira – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Madeira" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madeira" title="Madeira – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Madeira" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madeira" title="Madeira – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Madeira" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madeira" title="Madeira – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Madeira" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BE" title="மதீரா – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மதீரா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Мадейра – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Мадейра" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%90%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9B%E1%82%83%E1%82%87" title="မတီးရႃႇ – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="မတီးရႃႇ" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2" title="มาเดรา – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="มาเดรา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madeira" title="Madeira – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Madeira" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%80%D0%B0_(%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D1%96%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3)" title="Мадейра (архіпелаг) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Мадейра (архіпелаг)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7" title="مادیرا – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="مادیرا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madeira" title="Madeira – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Madeira" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madeira" title="Madeira – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Madeira" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%BE%B7%E6%8B%89" title="马德拉 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="马德拉" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madeira" title="Madeira – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Madeira" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E5%BE%B7%E6%8B%89" title="馬德拉 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="馬德拉" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madeira" title="Madeira – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Madeira" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madeira" title="Madeira – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Madeira" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%BE%B7%E6%8B%89%E7%BE%A4%E5%B2%9B" title="马德拉群岛 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="马德拉群岛" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mad%C3%A9ra" title="Madéra – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Madéra" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q26253#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Madeira" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Madeira" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Madeira"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madeira&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madeira&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Madeira"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madeira&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madeira&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Madeira" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Madeira" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madeira&oldid=1259326922" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madeira&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Madeira&id=1259326922&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FMadeira"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FMadeira"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Madeira&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madeira&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Madeira" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikivoyage badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Madeira" hreflang="en"><span>Wikivoyage</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q26253" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Madeira&params=32_45_N_17_0_W_type:isle"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">32°45′N</span> <span class="longitude">17°0′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">32.750°N 17.000°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">32.750; -17.000</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Portuguese archipelago in the North Atlantic</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span>Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Madura" title="Madura">Madura</a>.</span> <span>For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Madeira_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Madeira (disambiguation)">Madeira (disambiguation)</a>.</span></div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Autonomous Region of Portugal and outermost region of the European Union</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192207">.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div{border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em;width:23em}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div td,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedbottomrow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .infobox-above{font-size:1.25em;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.25em}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-official-below{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-other{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-caption{padding-top:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-nick,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-motto{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-largest,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-lang{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-ethnic,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-religion,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-elevation{display:inline;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}</style><table class="infobox ib-pol-div vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Madeira</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_Regions_of_Portugal" title="Autonomous Regions of Portugal">Autonomous Region</a> of <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Special_territories_of_members_of_the_European_Economic_Area#Outermost_Regions" title="Special territories of members of the European Economic Area">outermost region</a> of the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow ib-pol-div-official-below"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Autonomous Region of Madeira<br /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold"><span title="Portuguese-language text"><i lang="pt">Região Autónoma da Madeira</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a>)</span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Madeira.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Madeira"><img alt="Blue-gold-blue vertical triband with a red-bordered white Cross of Christ." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_Madeira.svg/125px-Flag_of_Madeira.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_Madeira.svg/188px-Flag_of_Madeira.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_Madeira.svg/250px-Flag_of_Madeira.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Madeira" title="Flag of Madeira">Flag</a></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Madeira.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Official seal of Madeira"><img alt="Blue a pale or charged with the Cross of Christ" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Coat_of_arms_of_Madeira.svg/85px-Coat_of_arms_of_Madeira.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Coat_of_arms_of_Madeira.svg/128px-Coat_of_arms_of_Madeira.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Coat_of_arms_of_Madeira.svg/170px-Coat_of_arms_of_Madeira.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="474" data-file-height="540" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Madeira" title="Coat of arms of Madeira">Coat of arms</a></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><b>Nickname(s)</b>: <div class="ib-pol-div-nick nickname">Pearl of the Atlantic</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><b>Motto</b>: <div class="ib-pol-div-motto nickname"><span title="Portuguese-language text"><i lang="pt">Das Ilhas as Mais Belas e Livres</i></span><br />(English: <span lang="en">"Of all islands, the most beautiful and free"</span>)</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><b>Anthem</b>: <span title="Portuguese-language text"><i lang="pt"><a href="/wiki/Hino_da_Regi%C3%A3o_Aut%C3%B3noma_da_Madeira" title="Hino da Região Autónoma da Madeira">Hino da Região Autónoma da Madeira</a></i></span><br />(English: <span lang="en">"Anthem of the Autonomous Region of Madeira"</span>)<br /> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-top:0.4em;"> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="103" data-mwtitle="Hino_da_Região_Autónoma_da_Madeira.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/92/Hino_da_Regi%C3%A3o_Aut%C3%B3noma_da_Madeira.ogg/Hino_da_Regi%C3%A3o_Aut%C3%B3noma_da_Madeira.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/92/Hino_da_Regi%C3%A3o_Aut%C3%B3noma_da_Madeira.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:EU-Portugal_with_Madeira_circled.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Location of Madeira within Portuguese territory (dark green) and the European Union (light green)"><img alt="Location of Madeira" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/EU-Portugal_with_Madeira_circled.svg/250px-EU-Portugal_with_Madeira_circled.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="206" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/EU-Portugal_with_Madeira_circled.svg/375px-EU-Portugal_with_Madeira_circled.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/EU-Portugal_with_Madeira_circled.svg/500px-EU-Portugal_with_Madeira_circled.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2080" data-file-height="1717" /></a></span><div class="ib-pol-div-caption">Location of Madeira within Portuguese territory (dark green) and the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> (light green)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Country</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_discoveries" class="mw-redirect" title="Portuguese discoveries">Discovery</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1418–1419</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Settlement</th><td class="infobox-data"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1425</span></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Autonomous status</th><td class="infobox-data">30 April 1976</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Namesake" title="Namesake">Named for</a></th><td class="infobox-data">English: <span lang="en">wood</span> (<a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a>: <i lang="pt">madeira</i>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital<div class="ib-pol-div-largest">and largest city</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Funchal" title="Funchal">Funchal</a><br /><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Madeira&params=32_45_N_17_0_W_type:isle"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">32°45′N</span> <span class="longitude">17°0′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">32.750°N 17.000°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">32.750; -17.000</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Official languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/European_Portuguese" title="European Portuguese">Portuguese</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data">English: <span lang="en">Madeiran</span> (<a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a>: <i lang="pt">Madeirense</i>)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Representative of the Republic </div></th><td class="infobox-data">Irineu Barreto</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Presidents_of_the_Regional_Government_of_Madeira" class="mw-redirect" title="Presidents of the Regional Government of Madeira">President of the Regional Government of Madeira</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Miguel_Albuquerque" title="Miguel Albuquerque">Miguel Albuquerque</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• President of the Legislative Assembly </div></th><td class="infobox-data">José Manuel Rodrigues</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Legislature</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Legislative_Assembly_of_Madeira" title="Legislative Assembly of Madeira">Legislative Assembly</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">National and European representation</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-pol-div-fake-li">• <a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_the_Republic_(Portugal)" title="Assembly of the Republic (Portugal)">Assembly of the Republic</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">6 MPs (of 230)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-pol-div-fake-li">• <a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">2 MEP (<a href="/wiki/2019_European_Parliament_election_in_Portugal" title="2019 European Parliament election in Portugal">of 21 Portuguese seats</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Madeira" class="mw-redirect" title="Geography of Madeira">Area</a></th></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-pol-div-fake-li">• Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">801 km<sup>2</sup> (309 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Highest elevation<div class="ib-pol-div-elevation"> (<a href="/wiki/Pico_Ruivo" title="Pico Ruivo">Pico Ruivo</a>)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,861 m (6,106 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Lowest elevation<div class="ib-pol-div-elevation"> (<a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic Ocean</a>)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">0 m (0 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Madeira" title="Demographics of Madeira">Population</a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-pol-div-fake-li">• 2021 census</div></th><td class="infobox-data">250,769<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-pol-div-fake-li">• Density</div></th><td class="infobox-data">313/km<sup>2</sup> (810.7/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">GDP</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold">(nominal)</span></th><td class="infobox-data">2024 (<a href="/wiki/Fitch_Ratings" title="Fitch Ratings">Fitch</a>) estimate</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-pol-div-fake-li">• Per capita</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> $46,326<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Currency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">Euro</a> (<a href="/wiki/Euro_sign" title="Euro sign">€</a>) (<a href="/wiki/ISO_4217" title="ISO 4217">EUR</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%C2%B100:00" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC±00:00">UTC±00:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Western_European_Time" title="Western European Time">WET</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-pol-div-fake-li"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B01:00" title="UTC+01:00">UTC+01:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Western_European_Summer_Time" title="Western European Summer Time">WEST</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Date format</th><td class="infobox-data">dd/mm/yyyy (<a href="/wiki/Common_Era" title="Common Era">CE</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Left-_and_right-hand_traffic" title="Left- and right-hand traffic">Driving side</a></th><td class="infobox-data">right</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_Madeira" class="mw-redirect" title="Telephone numbers in Madeira">Calling code</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_Portugal" title="Telephone numbers in Portugal">+351 (291)</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Postal_codes_in_Portugal" title="Postal codes in Portugal">Postal code</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="postal-code">90nn-94nn</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166 code</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2:PT" title="ISO 3166-2:PT">PT-30</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Country_code_top-level_domain" title="Country code top-level domain">Internet TLD</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/.pt" title=".pt">.pt</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Usual abbreviation</th><td class="infobox-data">RAM</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.madeira.gov.pt/">www.madeira.gov.pt</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Madeira</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span><span title="/ɪər/: 'ear' in 'near'">ɪər</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling">mə-<span style="font-size:90%">DEER</span>-ə</i></a> <span style="font-size:85%;">or</span> <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span><span title="/ɛər/: 'are' in 'bare'">ɛər</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling">mə-<span style="font-size:90%">DAIR</span>-ə</i></a>;<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">European Portuguese:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="pt-PT-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Portuguese" title="Help:IPA/Portuguese">[mɐˈðɐjɾɐ]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/5\/59\/Madeira_-_PORT.wav\/Madeira_-_PORT.wav.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Madeira - PORT.wav"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/59/Madeira_-_PORT.wav/Madeira_-_PORT.wav.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Madeira_-_PORT.wav" title="File:Madeira - PORT.wav">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>), officially the <b>Autonomous Region of Madeira</b> (<a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a>: <i lang="pt">Região Autónoma da Madeira</i>), is an <a href="/wiki/Autonomous_Regions_of_Portugal" title="Autonomous Regions of Portugal">autonomous region</a> of <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a>. It is an <a href="/wiki/Archipelago" title="Archipelago">archipelago</a> situated in the <a href="/wiki/North_Atlantic_Ocean" class="mw-redirect" title="North Atlantic Ocean">North Atlantic Ocean</a>, in the region of <a href="/wiki/Macaronesia" title="Macaronesia">Macaronesia</a>, just under 400 kilometres (250 mi) north of the <a href="/wiki/Canary_Islands" title="Canary Islands">Canary Islands</a> —<a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>—, 520 kilometres (320 mi) west of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Morocco" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Morocco">Kingdom of Morocco</a> and 805 kilometres (500 mi) southwest of <a href="/wiki/Mainland_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="Mainland Portugal">mainland Portugal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Bowler_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bowler-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Beron_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Beron-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Madeira sits on the <a href="/wiki/African_Plate" class="mw-redirect" title="African Plate">African Tectonic Plate</a>, although it is culturally, politically and ethnically associated with Europe, with its population predominantly descended from Portuguese settlers.<sup id="cite_ref-ibpuk_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ibpuk-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Passinhas_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Passinhas-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its population was 251,060 in 2021. The capital of Madeira is <a href="/wiki/Funchal" title="Funchal">Funchal</a>, on the main island's south coast. </p><p>The archipelago includes the islands of <a href="/wiki/Madeira_Island" title="Madeira Island">Madeira</a>, <a href="/wiki/Porto_Santo_Island" title="Porto Santo Island">Porto Santo</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Desertas_Islands" title="Desertas Islands">Desertas</a>, administered together with the separate archipelago of the <a href="/wiki/Savage_Islands" title="Savage Islands">Savage Islands</a>. Roughly half of the population lives in Funchal.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The region has political and administrative autonomy through the <a href="/wiki/Autonomous_Regions_of_Portugal#Constitution" title="Autonomous Regions of Portugal">Administrative Political Statute of the Autonomous Region of Madeira</a> provided for in the <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="Portuguese Constitution">Portuguese Constitution</a>. The region is an integral part of the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> as an <a href="/wiki/Outermost_regions_of_the_European_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Outermost regions of the European Union">outermost region</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Madeira generally has a <a href="#Climate">mild/moderate</a> <a href="/wiki/Subtropical_climate" class="mw-redirect" title="Subtropical climate">subtropical climate</a> with <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_climate" title="Mediterranean climate">mediterranean</a> summer droughts and winter rain. Many <a href="/wiki/Microclimates" class="mw-redirect" title="Microclimates">microclimates</a> are found at different elevations. </p><p>Madeira, uninhabited at the time, was claimed by Portuguese sailors in the service of Prince <a href="/wiki/Henry_the_Navigator" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry the Navigator">Henry the Navigator</a> in 1419 and settled after 1420. The archipelago is the first territorial discovery of the exploratory period of the <a href="/wiki/Age_of_Discovery" title="Age of Discovery">Age of Discovery</a>. </p><p>Madeira is a year-round resort, particularly for Portuguese, but also British (148,000 visits in 2021), and Germans (113,000).<sup id="cite_ref-auto_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is by far the most populous and densely populated Portuguese island. The region is noted for its <a href="/wiki/Madeira_wine" title="Madeira wine">Madeira wine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flora" title="Flora">flora</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Fauna" title="Fauna">fauna</a>, with its pre-historic <a href="/wiki/Laurel_forest" title="Laurel forest">laurel forest</a>, classified as a <a href="/wiki/UNESCO_World_Heritage_Site" class="mw-redirect" title="UNESCO World Heritage Site">UNESCO World Heritage Site</a>. The destination is certified by <a href="/wiki/EarthCheck" title="EarthCheck">EarthCheck</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The main harbour in Funchal has long been the leading Portuguese port in cruise ship dockings, an important stopover for Atlantic passenger cruises between Europe, the <a href="/wiki/Caribbean" title="Caribbean">Caribbean</a> and <a href="/wiki/North_Africa" title="North Africa">North Africa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, the <a href="/wiki/International_Business_Centre_of_Madeira" title="International Business Centre of Madeira">International Business Centre of Madeira</a>, also known as the Madeira Free Trade Zone, was established in the 1980s. It includes (mainly tax-related) incentives.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-3"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madeira&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Madeira" title="History of Madeira">History of Madeira</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ancient">Ancient</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madeira&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Ancient"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Plutarch" title="Plutarch">Plutarch</a> in his <i><a href="/wiki/Parallel_Lives" title="Parallel Lives">Parallel Lives</a></i> (<i>Sertorius</i>, 75 AD) referring to the military commander <a href="/wiki/Quintus_Sertorius" title="Quintus Sertorius">Quintus Sertorius</a> (d. 72 BC), relates that after his return to <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A1diz" title="Cádiz">Cádiz</a>, he met sailors who spoke of idyllic Atlantic islands: "The islands are said to be two in number separated by a very narrow strait and lie 10,000 <a href="/wiki/Furlong" title="Furlong">furlongs</a> [2,000 km] from Africa. They are called the <a href="/wiki/Fortunate_Isles" title="Fortunate Isles">Isles of the Blessed</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Archaeological evidence suggests that the islands may have been visited by the <a href="/wiki/Viking" class="mw-redirect" title="Viking">Vikings</a> sometime between 900 and 1030. <sup id="cite_ref-viking_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-viking-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Accounts by <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_al-Idrisi" title="Muhammad al-Idrisi">Muhammad al-Idrisi</a> state that the Mugharrarin ("the adventurers" – seafarers from Lisbon) came across an island where they found "a huge quantity of sheep, the meat of which was bitter and inedible" before going to the more inhabited <a href="/wiki/Canary_Islands" title="Canary Islands">Canary Islands</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>. This island, possibly Madeira or <a href="/wiki/Hierro" class="mw-redirect" title="Hierro">Hierro</a>, must have been inhabited or previously visited by people for livestock to be present.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Legend">Legend</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madeira&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Legend"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the reign of King <a href="/wiki/Edward_III_of_England" title="Edward III of England">Edward III of England</a>, lovers <a href="/wiki/Robert_Machin" title="Robert Machin">Robert Machim</a> and Anna d'Arfet were said to have fled from England to France in 1346. Driven off course by a violent storm, their ship ran aground along the coast of an island that may have been Madeira. Later this legend was the basis of the naming of the city of <a href="/wiki/Machico" class="mw-redirect" title="Machico">Machico</a> on the island, in memory of the young lovers.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Corbitis_Atlas_(p.4).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Corbitis_Atlas_%28p.4%29.jpg/220px-Corbitis_Atlas_%28p.4%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="334" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Corbitis_Atlas_%28p.4%29.jpg/330px-Corbitis_Atlas_%28p.4%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Corbitis_Atlas_%28p.4%29.jpg/440px-Corbitis_Atlas_%28p.4%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="901" data-file-height="1369" /></a><figcaption>The fourth and final sheet of the four-sheet Corbitis Atlas (1384–1410)</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="European_exploration">European exploration</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madeira&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: European exploration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Madeira appears in several medieval manuscripts, including the <i><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Knowledge_of_All_Kingdoms" title="Book of Knowledge of All Kingdoms">Book of Knowledge of All Kingdoms</a></i> from the early 14th century, the <a href="/wiki/Medici-Laurentian_Atlas" title="Medici-Laurentian Atlas">Medici-Laurentian Atlas</a> from 1351, the <a href="/wiki/Guillem_Soler" title="Guillem Soler"><i>Soleri Portolani</i></a> from 1380 and 1385 and <a href="/wiki/Corbitis_Atlas" title="Corbitis Atlas">Corbitis Atlas</a> from the late 14th century. These texts refer to Madeira as <i>Lecmane</i>, <i>Lolegname,</i> <i>Legnami</i> (the isle of wood), <i>Puerto</i> or Porto Santo, <i>deserte</i> or deserta, and <i>desierta</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is widely accepted that knowledge of these Atlantic islands existed before their better-documented discovery and successful settlement by the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Portugal" title="Kingdom of Portugal">Kingdom of Portugal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-DNB_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DNB-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Funchal_(_Portugal_)13.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Funchal_%28_Portugal_%2913.jpg/220px-Funchal_%28_Portugal_%2913.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Funchal_%28_Portugal_%2913.jpg/330px-Funchal_%28_Portugal_%2913.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Funchal_%28_Portugal_%2913.jpg/440px-Funchal_%28_Portugal_%2913.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3828" /></a><figcaption>Statue of <a href="/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o_Gon%C3%A7alves_Zarco" title="João Gonçalves Zarco">João Gonçalves Zarco</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In 1418, two captains, <a href="/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o_Gon%C3%A7alves_Zarco" title="João Gonçalves Zarco">João Gonçalves Zarco</a> and <a href="/wiki/Trist%C3%A3o_Vaz_Teixeira" title="Tristão Vaz Teixeira">Tristão Vaz Teixeira</a>, while exploring the African coast in the service of Prince <a href="/wiki/Henry_the_Navigator" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry the Navigator">Henry the Navigator</a>, were driven off course by a storm to an island which they named <span title="Portuguese-language text"><i lang="pt"><a href="/wiki/Porto_Santo_Island" title="Porto Santo Island">Porto Santo</a></i></span> (English: "holy harbour") in gratitude for divine deliverance from a shipwreck. </p><p>The following year, Zarco and Vaz organised an expedition with <a href="/wiki/Bartolomeu_Perestrello" title="Bartolomeu Perestrello">Bartolomeu Perestrello</a>. The trio travelled to the island of Porto Santo, claimed it on behalf of the Portuguese Crown, and established a settlement. The new settlers observed "a heavy black cloud suspended to the southwest" and upon investigation discovered the larger island they called <span title="Portuguese-language text"><i lang="pt">Madeira</i></span><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a>: <i lang="pt">madeira</i>, <small><a href="/wiki/Literal_translation" title="Literal translation">lit.</a> </small>'wood'). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Settlement">Settlement</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madeira&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Settlement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first Portuguese settlers began colonizing the islands around 1420 or 1425.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first settlers were the three captain-<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/donee" class="extiw" title="wikt:donee">donees</a> and their respective families, a small group of members of the gentry, people of modest conditions and some former inmates of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Portugal" title="Kingdom of Portugal">kingdom</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The majority of settlers were fishermen and peasant farmers who willingly left Portugal for a new life on the islands, a better one, they hoped, than was possible in a Portugal which had been ravaged by the <a href="/wiki/Black_Death" title="Black Death">Black Death</a>, and where the best farmlands were strictly controlled by the nobility. </p><p>To have minimum conditions for the development of agriculture on the island, the settlers had to chop down part of the dense forest and build a large number of water channels, called “levadas”, to carry the abundant waters on the north coast to the south coast of the island. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Initially, the settlers produced wheat for their own sustenance but later began to export wheat to mainland Portugal.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In earlier times, fish and vegetables were the settlers' main means of subsistence.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> Grain production began to fall and the ensuing crisis forced <a href="/wiki/Henry_the_Navigator" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry the Navigator">Henry the Navigator</a> to order other commercial crops to be planted so that the islands could be profitable.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> These specialised plants, and their associated industrial technology, created one of the major revolutions on the islands and fuelled Portuguese industry. Following the introduction of the first water-driven sugar mill on Madeira, sugar production increased to over 6,000 <i>arrobas</i> (an <i>arroba</i> was equal to 11 to 12 kilograms or 24 to 26 pounds) by 1455,<sup id="cite_ref-Crosby2015_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Crosby2015-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> using advisers from <a href="/wiki/Sicily" title="Sicily">Sicily</a> and financed by <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Genoa" title="Republic of Genoa">Genoese</a> capital (Genoa acted as an integral part of the island economy until the 17th century). The accessibility of Madeira attracted Genoese and <a href="/wiki/Flanders" title="Flanders">Flemish</a> traders, who were keen to bypass <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Venice" title="Republic of Venice">Venetian</a> monopolies.<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style></p><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>"By 1480 <a href="/wiki/Antwerp" title="Antwerp">Antwerp</a> had some seventy ships engaged in the Madeira sugar trade, with the refining and distribution concentrated in Antwerp. By the 1490s Madeira had overtaken <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a> as a producer of sugar."<sup id="cite_ref-Ponting_2000_482_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ponting_2000_482-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Sugarcane production was the primary engine of the island's economy, which quickly afforded the Funchal metropolis economic prosperity. The production of sugar cane attracted adventurers and merchants from all parts of Europe, especially <a href="/wiki/Italians" title="Italians">Italians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Basques" title="Basques">Basques</a>, <a href="/wiki/Catalans" title="Catalans">Catalans</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Flemish_people" title="Flemish people">Flemish</a>. This meant that, in the second half of the fifteenth century, the city of Funchal became a mandatory port of call for European trade routes.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Slaves were used during the island's period of sugar trade to cultivate sugar cane alongside paid workers, though slave owners were only a small minority of the Madeiran population, and those who did own slaves owned only a few. Slaves consisted of <a href="/wiki/Guanches" title="Guanches">Guanches</a> from the nearby Canary islands, captured Berbers from the <a href="/wiki/Conquest_of_Ceuta" class="mw-redirect" title="Conquest of Ceuta">conquest of Ceuta</a> and West Africans after further exploration of the African coast.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Barbary_corsairs" class="mw-redirect" title="Barbary corsairs">Barbary corsairs</a> from North Africa, who enslaved Europeans from ships and coastal communities throughout the Mediterranean region, captured <a href="/wiki/Sack_of_Madeira" title="Sack of Madeira">1,200 people in Porto Santo</a> in 1617.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Until the first half of the sixteenth century, Madeira was one of the major sugar markets of the Atlantic. Apparently, it is in Madeira that, in the context of sugar production, slave labour was applied for the first time. The colonial system of sugar production was put into practice on the island of Madeira, on a much smaller scale, and later transferred, on a large scale, to other overseas production areas.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Later on, this small scale of production was outmatched by <a href="/wiki/Colonial_Brazil" title="Colonial Brazil">Brazilian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="Portuguese São Tomé and Príncipe">São Tomean</a> plantations. Madeiran sugar production declined in such a way that it was not enough for domestic needs, so that sugar was imported to the island from other Portuguese colonies.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Sugar mills were gradually abandoned, with few remaining, which gave way to other markets in Madeira. </p><p>In the 17th century, as Portuguese sugar production was shifted to Brazil, São Tomé and Príncipe and elsewhere, Madeira's most important commodity product became its wine.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sugar plantations were replaced by vineyards, originating in the so-called ‘Wine Culture’, which acquired international fame and provided the rise of a new social class, the <a href="/wiki/Bourgeoisie" title="Bourgeoisie">Bourgeoisie</a>. </p><p> With the increase of commercial treaties with England, important English merchants settled on the Island and, ultimately, controlled the increasingly important island wine trade. The English traders settled in the Funchal as of the seventeenth century, consolidating the markets from North America, the <a href="/wiki/West_Indies" title="West Indies">West Indies</a> and England itself. The <a href="/wiki/Madeira_wine" title="Madeira wine">Madeira wine</a> became very popular in the markets and it is also said to have been used in a toast during the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolution" title="American Revolution">Declaration of Independence</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Founding_Fathers_of_the_United_States" title="Founding Fathers of the United States">Founding Fathers of the United States</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:S%C3%A9_do_Funchal.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/S%C3%A9_do_Funchal.jpg/220px-S%C3%A9_do_Funchal.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/S%C3%A9_do_Funchal.jpg/330px-S%C3%A9_do_Funchal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/S%C3%A9_do_Funchal.jpg/440px-S%C3%A9_do_Funchal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4128" data-file-height="2322" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_Funchal" title="Cathedral of Funchal">Cathedral of Funchal</a> with its tower of 15th-century <a href="/wiki/Gothic_architecture" title="Gothic architecture">Gothic style</a> in the background</figcaption></figure><p> In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, Madeira stands out for its climate and therapeutic effects.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In the nineteenth century, visitors to the island integrated four major groups: patients, travellers, tourists and scientists. Most visitors belonged to the moneyed <a href="/wiki/Aristocracy_(class)" title="Aristocracy (class)">aristocracy</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>As a result of a high demand for the season, there was a need to prepare guides for visitors. The first tourist guide of Madeira appeared in 1850 and focused on elements of history, geology, <a href="/wiki/Flora" title="Flora">flora</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fauna" title="Fauna">fauna</a> and customs of the island.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Regarding hotel infrastructures, the British and the Germans were the first to launch the Madeiran hotel chain.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The historic <a href="/wiki/Belmond_Reid%27s_Palace" title="Belmond Reid's Palace">Belmond Reid's Palace</a> opened in 1891 and is still open to this day. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British</a> first amicably occupied the island in 1801 whereafter Colonel <a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Clinton" title="William Henry Clinton">William Henry Clinton</a> became governor.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A detachment of the <a href="/wiki/85th_Regiment_of_Foot" class="mw-redirect" title="85th Regiment of Foot">85th Regiment of Foot</a> under Lieutenant-colonel <a href="/wiki/James_Willoughby_Gordon" title="James Willoughby Gordon">James Willoughby Gordon</a> garrisoned the island.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the <a href="/wiki/Peace_of_Amiens" class="mw-redirect" title="Peace of Amiens">Peace of Amiens</a>, British troops withdrew in 1802, only to reoccupy Madeira in 1807 until the end of the <a href="/wiki/Peninsular_War" title="Peninsular War">Peninsular War</a> in 1814.<sup id="cite_ref-britishempire.co.uk_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britishempire.co.uk-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1846 <a href="/wiki/James_Julius_Wood" title="James Julius Wood">James Julius Wood</a> wrote a series of seven sketches of the island. In 1856, British troops recovering from <a href="/wiki/Cholera" title="Cholera">cholera</a>, and widows and orphans of soldiers fallen in the <a href="/wiki/Crimean_War" title="Crimean War">Crimean War</a>, were stationed in Funchal, Madeira.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="World_War_I">World War I</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madeira&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: World War I"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/Great_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Great War">Great War</a> on 3 December 1916, a <a href="/wiki/German_U-boat" class="mw-redirect" title="German U-boat">German U-boat</a>, <a href="/wiki/SM_U-38" title="SM U-38">SM <i>U-38</i></a>, captained by <a href="/wiki/Max_Valentiner" title="Max Valentiner">Max Valentiner</a>, entered <a href="/wiki/Funchal" title="Funchal">Funchal</a> harbour on Madeira. <i>U-38</i> torpedoed and sank three ships, bringing the war to Portugal by extension. The ships sunk were: </p> <ul><li>CS <i>Dacia</i> (1,684 tonnes or 1,856 short tons), a British cable-laying vessel.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Dacia</i> had previously undertaken war work off the coast of <a href="/wiki/Casablanca" title="Casablanca">Casablanca</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dakar" title="Dakar">Dakar</a>. It was in the process of diverting the German South American cable into Brest, France.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Kanguroo" title="SS Kanguroo">SS <i>Kanguroo</i></a> (2,262 tonnes or 2,493 short tons), a French specialized "heavy-lift" transport.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Surprise</i> (620 tonnes or 680 short tons), a French <a href="/wiki/Gunboat" title="Gunboat">gunboat</a>. Her commander and 34 crewmen (including 7 Portuguese) were killed.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>After attacking the ships, <i>U-38</i> bombarded Funchal for two hours from a range of about 3 kilometres (2 mi). Batteries on Madeira returned fire and eventually forced <i>U-38</i> to withdraw.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 12 December 1917, two German U-boats, <i><a href="/wiki/SM_U-156" title="SM U-156">SM U-156</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/SM_U-157" title="SM U-157">SM U-157</a></i> (captained by <a href="/wiki/Max_Valentiner" title="Max Valentiner">Max Valentiner</a>), again bombarded Funchal.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This time the attack lasted around 30 minutes. The U-boats fired 40 120 and 150 mm (4.7 and 5.9 in) shells. There were three fatalities and 17 wounded; a number of houses and Santa Clara church were hit.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The last <a href="/wiki/Austria-Hungary" title="Austria-Hungary">Austrian Emperor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_I_of_Austria" title="Charles I of Austria">Charles I</a>, was exiled to Madeira after the war. Determined to prevent an attempt to restore Charles to the throne, the Council of Allied Powers agreed he could go into exile on Madeira because it was isolated in the Atlantic and easily guarded.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He died there on 1 April 1922 and his coffin lies in a chapel of the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Our_Lady_of_Monte" class="mw-redirect" title="Church of Our Lady of Monte">Church of Our Lady of Monte</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madeira&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Madeira_topographic_map-fr.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Madeira_topographic_map-fr.svg/220px-Madeira_topographic_map-fr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="191" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Madeira_topographic_map-fr.svg/330px-Madeira_topographic_map-fr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Madeira_topographic_map-fr.svg/440px-Madeira_topographic_map-fr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1194" data-file-height="1037" /></a><figcaption>Distribution of the islands of the archipelago (not including the <a href="/wiki/Savage_Islands" title="Savage Islands">Savage Islands</a>)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BicaDaCana2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/BicaDaCana2.jpg/220px-BicaDaCana2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/BicaDaCana2.jpg/330px-BicaDaCana2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/BicaDaCana2.jpg/440px-BicaDaCana2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>Sights from Bica da Cana showing Madeira's high <a href="/wiki/Orography" title="Orography">orography</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The Madeira archipelago is located 520 km (280 nmi) from the African coast, 805 km (430 nmi) from the closest point in the European coast (the Portuguese town of <a href="/wiki/Sagres_(Vila_do_Bispo)" title="Sagres (Vila do Bispo)">Sagres</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Algarve" title="Algarve">Algarve</a>) and 1,000 km (540 nmi) from the capital of Portugal, <a href="/wiki/Lisbon" title="Lisbon">Lisbon</a> (approximately a one-and-a-half-hour flight).<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Madeira inhabits the extreme south of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tore-Madeira_Ridge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tore-Madeira Ridge (page does not exist)">Tore-Madeira Ridge</a>, a bathymetric structure oriented along a north-northeast to south-southwest axis that extends for 1,000 kilometres (540 nmi). This structure consists of long geomorphological relief that extends from the abyssal plain to 3,500 m (11,500 ft); its highest submersed point reaches a depth of about 150 m (490 ft) (around latitude 36°N). The origins of the Tore-Madeira Ridge are not clearly established, but may have resulted from a buckling of the <a href="/wiki/Lithosphere" title="Lithosphere">lithosphere</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Islands_and_islets">Islands and islets</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madeira&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Islands and islets"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Madeira_Island" title="Madeira Island">Madeira</a> (740.7 km<sup>2</sup> or 286 sq mi), including Ilhéu de Agostinho, Ilhéu de São Lourenço, Ilhéu Mole (northwest); Total population: 262,456 (2011 Census).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porto_Santo_Island" title="Porto Santo Island">Porto Santo</a> (42.5 km<sup>2</sup> or 16.4 sq mi), including <a href="/wiki/Cal_Islet" title="Cal Islet">Ilhéu de Baixo ou da Cal</a>, Ilhéu de Ferro, Ilhéu das Cenouras, Ilhéu de Fora, Ilhéu de Cima; Total population: 5,483 (2011 Census).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desertas_Islands" title="Desertas Islands">Desertas Islands</a> (14.2 km<sup>2</sup> or 5.5 sq mi), including the three uninhabited islands: <a href="/wiki/Deserta_Grande_Island" title="Deserta Grande Island">Deserta Grande Island</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bugio_Island" title="Bugio Island">Bugio Island</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A3o" class="mw-redirect" title="Chão">Ilhéu de Chão</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savage_Islands" title="Savage Islands">Savage Islands</a> (3.6 km<sup>2</sup> or 1.4 sq mi), archipelago 280 km south-southeast of Madeira Island including three main uninhabited islands and 16 islets in two groups: the Northwest Group (<a href="/wiki/Selvagem_Grande_Island" title="Selvagem Grande Island">Selvagem Grande Island</a>, Ilhéu de Palheiro da Terra, Ilhéu de Palheiro do Mar) and the Southeast Group (<a href="/wiki/Selvagem_Pequena_Island" title="Selvagem Pequena Island">Selvagem Pequena Island</a>, Ilhéu Grande, Ilhéu Sul, Ilhéu Pequeno, Ilhéu Fora, Ilhéu Alto, Ilhéu Comprido, Ilhéu Redondo, Ilhéu Norte).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Peaks">Peaks</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madeira&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Peaks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The ten tallest peaks in Madeira exemplify the island's diverse topography. <a href="/wiki/Pico_Ruivo" title="Pico Ruivo">Pico Ruivo</a> is the highest at 1,862 metres.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Madeira's mountaintops offer panoramic vistas of rugged terrain and the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic Ocean</a>, attracting <a href="/wiki/Hiking" title="Hiking">hikers</a> and nature enthusiasts seeking stunning views and challenging trails.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Rank </th> <th>Peak Name </th> <th>m </th> <th>ft </th></tr> <tr> <td>1. </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pico_Ruivo" title="Pico Ruivo">Pico Ruivo</a> </td> <td>1862 </td> <td>6109 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2. </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pico_das_Torres" title="Pico das Torres">Pico das Torres</a> </td> <td>1847 </td> <td>6060 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3. </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pico_do_Areeiro" title="Pico do Areeiro">Pico do Areeiro</a> </td> <td>1818 </td> <td>5965 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4. </td> <td>Pico do Cidrão </td> <td>1801 </td> <td>5909 </td></tr> <tr> <td>5. </td> <td>Pico do Gato </td> <td>1780 </td> <td>5840 </td></tr> <tr> <td>6. </td> <td>Pico Grande </td> <td>1655 </td> <td>5430 </td></tr> <tr> <td>7. </td> <td>Pico Ruivo do Paul da Serra </td> <td>1649 </td> <td>5410 </td></tr> <tr> <td>8. </td> <td>Queimadas </td> <td>1500 </td> <td>4921 </td></tr> <tr> <td>9. </td> <td>Pico do Serradinho </td> <td>1436 </td> <td>4711 </td></tr> <tr> <td>10. </td> <td>Chao dos Terreiros </td> <td>1436 </td> <td>4711 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Madeira_Island">Madeira Island</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madeira&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Madeira Island"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Madeira_Island" title="Madeira Island">Madeira Island</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SMT_of_the_NE_Atlantic-Ocean.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/SMT_of_the_NE_Atlantic-Ocean.svg/260px-SMT_of_the_NE_Atlantic-Ocean.svg.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/SMT_of_the_NE_Atlantic-Ocean.svg/390px-SMT_of_the_NE_Atlantic-Ocean.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/SMT_of_the_NE_Atlantic-Ocean.svg/520px-SMT_of_the_NE_Atlantic-Ocean.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1441" data-file-height="675" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Seamounts" class="mw-redirect" title="Seamounts">Seamounts</a> of Northeastern Atlantic between Madeira and continental Portugal with Madeira archipelago on the bottom left corner</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Madeira%27s_Laurissilva_Forest.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Madeira%27s_Laurissilva_Forest.jpg/220px-Madeira%27s_Laurissilva_Forest.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Madeira%27s_Laurissilva_Forest.jpg/330px-Madeira%27s_Laurissilva_Forest.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Madeira%27s_Laurissilva_Forest.jpg/440px-Madeira%27s_Laurissilva_Forest.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3147" data-file-height="2998" /></a><figcaption>Detailed, true-colour image of Madeira. The image shows that deep green <a href="/wiki/Laurel_forest" title="Laurel forest">laurel forest</a> (<i>laurissilva</i>) survives intact on the steep northern slopes of the island, but in the south, where terrain is gentler, the <a href="/wiki/Terracotta" title="Terracotta">terracotta</a> colour of towns and the light green colour of agriculture are more dominant</figcaption></figure> <p>Madeira island is at the top of a massive <a href="/wiki/Shield_volcano" title="Shield volcano">shield volcano</a> that rises about 6 km (20,000 ft) from the floor of the Atlantic Ocean, on the Tore underwater mountain range.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The volcano formed atop an east–west <a href="/wiki/Rift" title="Rift">rift</a><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in the <a href="/wiki/Oceanic_crust" title="Oceanic crust">oceanic crust</a> along the <a href="/wiki/African_Plate" class="mw-redirect" title="African Plate">African Plate</a>, beginning during the <a href="/wiki/Miocene" title="Miocene">Miocene</a> epoch (5 million years ago), continuing into the <a href="/wiki/Pleistocene" title="Pleistocene">Pleistocene</a> (700,000 years ago).<sup id="cite_ref-GVP_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GVP-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was followed by extensive <a href="/wiki/Erosion" title="Erosion">erosion</a>, producing two large amphitheatres opening southward in the central part of the island. Volcanic activity later resumed, producing <a href="/wiki/Scoria_cone" class="mw-redirect" title="Scoria cone">scoria cones</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lava_flow" class="mw-redirect" title="Lava flow">lava flows</a> atop the eroded shield. The most recent volcanic eruptions were on the west-central part of the island 6,500 years ago, creating more <a href="/wiki/Cinder_cone" title="Cinder cone">cinder cones</a> and lava flows.<sup id="cite_ref-GVP_61-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GVP-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It is the largest island of the group with an area of 741 km<sup>2</sup> (286 sq mi), a length of 57 km (35 mi) (from Ponte de São Lourenço to Ponta do Pargo). It is approximately 22 km (14 mi) at its widest point (from Ponta da Cruz to Ponta de São Jorge), with a coastline of 150 km (90 mi). It has a mountain ridge that extends along the centre of the island, reaching 1,862 metres (6,109 feet) at its highest point (<a href="/wiki/Pico_Ruivo" title="Pico Ruivo">Pico Ruivo</a>), staying below 200 metres along its eastern extent. The primitive volcanic foci responsible for the central mountainous area, consisted of the peaks: Ruivo (1,862 m), Torres (1,851 m), Arieiro (1,818 m), Cidrão (1,802 m), Cedro (1,759 m), Casado (1,725 m), Grande (1,657 m), Ferreiro (1,582 m). At the end of this eruptive phase, reefs encircled the island, its marine vestiges evident in a calcareous layer in the area of Lameiros, in São Vicente. Sea cliffs, such as <a href="/wiki/Cabo_Gir%C3%A3o" title="Cabo Girão">Cabo Girão</a>, valleys and ravines extend from this central spine, leaving the interior generally inaccessible.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Daily life is concentrated in the many villages at the mouths of the ravines, through which the heavy autumn and winter rains travel to the sea.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madeira&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Madeira has many different bioclimates.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Based on differences in sun exposure, humidity, and annual mean temperature, clear variations distinguish north- and south-facing regions, as well as some islands. The islands are strongly influenced by the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_Stream" title="Gulf Stream">Gulf Stream</a> and <a href="/wiki/Canary_Current" title="Canary Current">Canary Current</a>, giving it mild to warm year-round temperatures. According to the Instituto de Meteorologia (IPMA), the average annual temperature at Funchal weather station is 19.6 °C (67.3 °F) for the 1981–2010 period. <a href="/wiki/Orographic_lift" title="Orographic lift">Relief</a> is a determinant factor on precipitation levels; areas such as the <a href="/wiki/Madeira_Natural_Park" title="Madeira Natural Park">Madeira Natural Park</a> can get as much as 2,800 mm (110 in) of precipitation a year.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Madeira hosts lush <a href="/wiki/Laurel_forests" class="mw-redirect" title="Laurel forests">laurel forests</a>, while <a href="/wiki/Porto_Santo" class="mw-redirect" title="Porto Santo">Porto Santo</a>, a much flatter island, has a <a href="/wiki/Semiarid_climate" class="mw-redirect" title="Semiarid climate">semiarid climate</a> (<i>BSh</i>). In most winters snowfall occurs in the mountains. </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for <a href="/wiki/Funchal" title="Funchal">Funchal</a>, capital of Madeira </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF6E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.5<br />(77.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF6300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.0<br />(80.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF4B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.5<br />(86.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF3D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.6<br />(90.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF3200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.2<br />(93.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF1300; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">38.7<br />(101.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF1A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.7<br />(99.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF1400; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">38.5<br />(101.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF1500; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">38.4<br />(101.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF3200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.1<br />(93.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF5200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.5<br />(85.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF6700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.5<br />(79.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF1300; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">38.7<br />(101.7) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF962D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.7<br />(67.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF962D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.7<br />(67.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF9123; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.4<br />(68.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF9021; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.6<br />(69.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF8913; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.6<br />(70.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF7C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.4<br />(74.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF7100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.1<br />(77.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF6800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.4<br />(79.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF6800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.4<br />(79.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF7200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.9<br />(76.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF8205; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.6<br />(72.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF8F1F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.7<br />(69.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF8205; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">22.6<br />(72.7) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFAA56; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.7<br />(62.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFAB58; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.6<br />(61.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFA74F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.2<br />(63.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFA54B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.5<br />(63.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF9D3C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.6<br />(65.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF9021; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.6<br />(69.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF850B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.2<br />(72.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF7E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.2<br />(73.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF7E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.2<br />(73.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF8710; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.8<br />(71.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF962E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.6<br />(67.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFA246; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.9<br />(64.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF962E; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">19.6<br />(67.3) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFBF80; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.7<br />(56.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFC184; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.4<br />(56.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFBE7D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.9<br />(57.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFBA76; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.4<br />(57.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFB266; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.6<br />(60.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFA449; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.7<br />(63.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF9934; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.2<br />(66.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF9429; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.0<br />(68.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF9429; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.0<br />(68.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF9D3C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.6<br />(65.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFAB58; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.6<br />(61.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFB66E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.0<br />(59.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFAC59; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">16.5<br />(61.7) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFE5CC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.2<br />(46.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFEBD7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.4<br />(45.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFE8D2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.7<br />(45.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFDDBC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.3<br />(48.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFDBB7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.7<br />(49.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFCB97; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.0<br />(53.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFB973; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.6<br />(58.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFAD5C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.3<br />(61.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFB76F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.9<br />(58.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFC388; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.1<br />(55.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFDAB5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.8<br />(49.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFE6CE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.0<br />(46.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFEBD7; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">7.4<br />(45.3) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #90FF90; color:#000000;" class="notheme">74.1<br />(2.92) </td> <td style="background: #77FF77; color:#000000;" class="notheme">83.0<br />(3.27) </td> <td style="background: #A5FFA5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">60.2<br />(2.37) </td> <td style="background: #BBFFBB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">44.0<br />(1.73) </td> <td style="background: #D3FFD3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.9<br />(1.14) </td> <td style="background: #F3FFF3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.2<br />(0.28) </td> <td style="background: #FCFFFC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.6<br />(0.06) </td> <td style="background: #FCFFFC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.0<br />(0.08) </td> <td style="background: #CCFFCC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.9<br />(1.30) </td> <td style="background: #79FF79; color:#000000;" class="notheme">89.5<br />(3.52) </td> <td style="background: #76FF76; color:#000000;" class="notheme">88.8<br />(3.50) </td> <td style="background: #53FF53; color:#000000;" class="notheme">115.0<br />(4.53) </td> <td style="background: #AFFFAF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">627.2<br />(24.69) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 0.1 mm)</span> </th> <td style="background: #6A6AFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12 </td> <td style="background: #7777FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10 </td> <td style="background: #8F8FFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9 </td> <td style="background: #9999FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8 </td> <td style="background: #B4B4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6 </td> <td style="background: #D8D8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3 </td> <td style="background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1 </td> <td style="background: #E6E6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2 </td> <td style="background: #B2B2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6 </td> <td style="background: #8F8FFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9 </td> <td style="background: #7F7FFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10 </td> <td style="background: #5E5EFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13 </td> <td style="background: #A3A3FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">87 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #0000EE; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">71 </td> <td style="background: #0000F2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">70 </td> <td style="background: #0000F9; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">68 </td> <td style="background: #0000F9; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">68 </td> <td style="background: #0000F2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">70 </td> <td style="background: #0000E6; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">73 </td> <td style="background: #0000E6; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">73 </td> <td style="background: #0000EA; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">72 </td> <td style="background: #0000EE; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">71 </td> <td style="background: #0000EE; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">71 </td> <td style="background: #0000F2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">70 </td> <td style="background: #0000F2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">70 </td> <td style="background: #0000EE; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">71 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #C9C900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">160.9 </td> <td style="background: #D3D300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">166.8 </td> <td style="background: #D7D700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">197.7 </td> <td style="background: #D7D700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">194.8 </td> <td style="background: #D9D900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">208.6 </td> <td style="background: #D7D700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">194.0 </td> <td style="background: #DFDF00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">232.5 </td> <td style="background: #E0E000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">236.7 </td> <td style="background: #DBDB00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">210.8 </td> <td style="background: #D6D600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">194.3 </td> <td style="background: #CDCD00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">165.9 </td> <td style="background: #C4C40A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">151.1 </td> <td style="background: #D6D600; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">2,314.1 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Percent <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">possible sunshine</a> </th> <td style="background: #FFFF33; color:#000000;" class="notheme">50 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF43; color:#000000;" class="notheme">54 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF3F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">53 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF33; color:#000000;" class="notheme">50 </td> <td style="background: #FBFB2A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">48 </td> <td style="background: #F6F61E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">45 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF47; color:#000000;" class="notheme">55 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF4F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">57 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF4F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">57 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF47; color:#000000;" class="notheme">55 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF3F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">53 </td> <td style="background: #FDFD2E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">49 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF3B; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">52 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 1: <a href="/wiki/Instituto_Portugu%C3%AAs_do_Mar_e_da_Atmosfera" title="Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera">Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera</a><sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 2: <a href="/wiki/NOAA" class="mw-redirect" title="NOAA">NOAA</a> (humidity and some records 1961–1990)<sup id="cite_ref-NOAA_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NOAA-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/German_Meteorological_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="German Meteorological Service">German Meteorological Service</a> (sunshine 1991-2020)<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Flora_and_fauna">Flora and fauna</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madeira&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Flora and fauna"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Madeira_evergreen_forests" title="Madeira evergreen forests">Madeira evergreen forests</a> and <a href="/wiki/Laurisilva_of_Madeira" title="Laurisilva of Madeira">Laurisilva of Madeira</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Endemic_plant_and_animal_species">Endemic plant and animal species</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madeira&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Endemic plant and animal species"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the south, little is left of the indigenous subtropical rainforest that once covered the island<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> (the original settlers set fires to clear the land for farming) and named it (<i>madeira</i> means "wood" in Portuguese). However, in the north, the valleys harbor native trees. These <i><a href="/wiki/Laurel_forest" title="Laurel forest">laurissilva</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Laurel_forest" title="Laurel forest">forests</a>, notably those on the northern slopes, are designated as a UNESCO <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Site</a>. Madeira's paleobotanical record reveals that <i>laurissilva</i> forest has existed for at least 1.8 million years.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Critically endangered species such as the vine <i><a href="/wiki/Jasminum_azoricum" title="Jasminum azoricum">Jasminum azoricum</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-IUCN_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IUCN-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the rowan <i><a href="/wiki/Sorbus_maderensis" title="Sorbus maderensis">Sorbus maderensis</a></i> are endemic. The <a href="/wiki/Madeiran_large_white" title="Madeiran large white">Madeiran large white</a> <a href="/wiki/Butterfly" title="Butterfly">butterfly</a> was an endemic <a href="/wiki/Subspecies" title="Subspecies">subspecies</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Large_white" class="mw-redirect" title="Large white">large white</a> that inhabited the <i>laurissilva</i> forests but has not been seen since 1977. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Madeiran_wall_lizard">Madeiran wall lizard</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madeira&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Madeiran wall lizard"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="excerpt-block"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1066933788">.mw-parser-output .excerpt-hat .mw-editsection-like{font-style:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable dablink excerpt-hat selfref">These paragraphs are an excerpt from <a href="/wiki/Madeiran_wall_lizard" title="Madeiran wall lizard">Madeiran wall lizard</a>.<span class="mw-editsection-like plainlinks"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Madeiran_wall_lizard&action=edit">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><div class="excerpt"> The <a href="/wiki/Madeiran_wall_lizard" title="Madeiran wall lizard">Madeiran wall lizard</a> (<i>Teira dugesii</i>) is a <a href="/wiki/Species" title="Species">species</a> of <a href="/wiki/Lizard" title="Lizard">lizard</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Family_(biology)" title="Family (biology)">family</a> <a href="/wiki/Lacertidae" title="Lacertidae">Lacertidae</a>. It is the only species in the <a href="/wiki/Genus" title="Genus">genus</a> <i>Teira</i>. The species is <a href="/wiki/Endemism" title="Endemism">endemic</a> to the Madeira Archipelago, <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a>. In the <a href="/wiki/Azores" title="Azores">Azores</a>, this lizard has become naturalized after involuntary introduction by the shipping trade between the two <a href="/wiki/Archipelago" title="Archipelago">archipelagos</a>. There are four recognized <a href="/wiki/Subspecies" title="Subspecies">subspecies</a>. The species is both <a href="/wiki/Endemism" title="Endemism">endemic</a> and common, ranging from sea coasts to altitudes of 1,850 metres (6,070 ft). It is usually found in rocky places or among scrub and may climb into trees. It is also found in gardens and on walls. It feeds on vegetable matter and small invertebrates such as ants. The tail is easily shed and the stump regenerates slowly. The colouring is variable and tends to match the surroundings, typically a shade of brown or grey with occasionally a greenish tinge. Most animals are finely flecked with darker markings. The underparts are white or cream, sometimes with dark spots, with some males having orange or red underparts and blue throats, but these bright colours may fade if the animal is disturbed.<sup id="cite_ref-Madeiran_wall_lizard_Collins2_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Madeiran_wall_lizard_Collins2-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Madeiran wall lizard grows to a snout-to-vent length of about 8 cm (3.1 in) with a tail about 1.7 times the length of its body. Females lay two to three clutches of eggs in a year with the juveniles being about 3 cm (1.2 in) when they hatch.<sup id="cite_ref-Madeiran_wall_lizard_Collins2_72-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Madeiran_wall_lizard_Collins2-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Madeiran_wolf_spider">Madeiran wolf spider</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madeira&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Madeiran wolf spider"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Hogna_ingens" title="Hogna ingens">Hogna ingens</a></i>, the Deserta Grande wolf spider, is endemic to the Madeira archipelago, specifically <a href="/wiki/Deserta_Grande_Island" title="Deserta Grande Island">Deserta Grande Island</a>. It is critically endangered. It is considered the largest member of its <a href="/wiki/Family_(biology)" title="Family (biology)">family</a>. Restoration efforts are underway.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Birds">Birds</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madeira&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Birds"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Three species of birds are endemic to Madeira: the <a href="/wiki/Trocaz_pigeon" title="Trocaz pigeon">Trocaz pigeon</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Madeira_Chaffinch" class="mw-redirect" title="Madeira Chaffinch">Madeira Chaffinch</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Madeira_firecrest" title="Madeira firecrest">Madeira firecrest</a>. In addition extinct species include the <a href="/wiki/Madeiran_scops_owl" title="Madeiran scops owl">Madeiran scops owl</a>, two <a href="/wiki/Rail_(bird)" title="Rail (bird)">rail</a> species, <i>Rallus adolfocaesaris</i> and <i>R. lowei</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and two <a href="/wiki/Quail" title="Quail">quail</a> species, <i>Coturnix lignorum</i> and <i>C. alabrevis</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/Madeiran_wood_pigeon" title="Madeiran wood pigeon">Madeiran wood pigeon</a>, a subspecies of the <a href="/wiki/Common_wood_pigeon" title="Common wood pigeon">common wood pigeon</a> and which was last seen in the early 20th century. </p><p>A <a href="/wiki/Great_Auk" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Auk">Great Auk</a> bone is known from the <a href="/wiki/Savage_Islands" title="Savage Islands">Selvagens</a>, suggesting this seabird visited at least sporadically.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mice">Mice</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madeira&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Mice"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Madeira is home to six species of brown mice, believed to be descendants of common European brown mice brought to the island by <a href="/wiki/Vikings" title="Vikings">Vikings</a> in the 9th century (or conceivably by 15th century Portuguese settlers), but diversified to the point where they cannot interbreed with their ancestral species or with one another. They have essentially the same genes, but rearranged to give different chromosome numbers: the ancestral species has 40 chromosomes, whereas the Madeira species have from 22 to 30.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The deep valleys of Madeira are separated by high ground, and the different species of mice do not encounter each other.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Levadas"><i>Levadas</i></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madeira&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Levadas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="excerpt-block"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable dablink excerpt-hat selfref">This section is an excerpt from <a href="/wiki/Levada_(Madeira)" title="Levada (Madeira)">Levada (Madeira)</a>.<span class="mw-editsection-like plainlinks"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Levada_(Madeira)&action=edit">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><div class="excerpt"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Levada_Madeira.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Levada_Madeira.jpg/220px-Levada_Madeira.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Levada_Madeira.jpg/330px-Levada_Madeira.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Levada_Madeira.jpg/440px-Levada_Madeira.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3504" data-file-height="2336" /></a><figcaption>Levada near <a href="/w/index.php?title=Raba%C3%A7al&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rabaçal (page does not exist)">Rabaçal</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Levada_dos_Tornos,_Madeira,_water_in_sun.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Levada_dos_Tornos%2C_Madeira%2C_water_in_sun.jpg/220px-Levada_dos_Tornos%2C_Madeira%2C_water_in_sun.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Levada_dos_Tornos%2C_Madeira%2C_water_in_sun.jpg/330px-Levada_dos_Tornos%2C_Madeira%2C_water_in_sun.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Levada_dos_Tornos%2C_Madeira%2C_water_in_sun.jpg/440px-Levada_dos_Tornos%2C_Madeira%2C_water_in_sun.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Levada_dos_Tornos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Levada dos Tornos (page does not exist)">Levada dos Tornos</a>, Madeira</figcaption></figure> <p>A <a href="/wiki/Levada_(Madeira)" title="Levada (Madeira)">levada</a> is an <a href="/wiki/Irrigation" title="Irrigation">irrigation</a> channel or <a href="/wiki/Aqueduct_(watercourse)" class="mw-redirect" title="Aqueduct (watercourse)">aqueduct</a> specific to the Portuguese Atlantic region of Madeira. Madeira island is wet in the northwest, but dry in the southeast. In the 16th century the Portuguese started building <i>levadas</i> (<a href="/wiki/Aqueduct_(water_supply)" title="Aqueduct (water supply)">aqueducts</a>) to carry water to the agricultural regions in the south. Due to its mountainous landscape, building <i>levadas</i> promised to be a difficult venture, often tasked to criminals and convicts from continental Portugal to build these water canals.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many are cut into the mountainsides, accompanied by 40 km (25 mi) of tunnels, some of which are still accessible. </p><p>Today <i>levadas</i> supply water and also provide <a href="/wiki/Hydroelectricity" title="Hydroelectricity">hydro-electric power</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Over 2,170 km (1,350 mi) of <i>levadas</i> were built and later provided a network of walking paths. Paths can provide easy and relaxing walks through the countryside, while others are narrow, crumbling ledges where a slip could result in injury or death. Some improvements have been made to these pathways following the <a href="/wiki/2010_Madeira_floods_and_mudslides" title="2010 Madeira floods and mudslides">2010 Madeira floods and mudslides</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Such improvements involved the continuous maintenance of streams, paving trails, and establishing safety fences on dangerous stretches.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> Two of the most popular (and demanding) hiking <i>levadas</i> are <i>Levada do Caldeirão Verde</i> and <i>Levada do Caldeirão do Inferno</i>. <i>Levada do Caniçal</i> is a much easier walk, running 11.4 km (7.1 mi) from Maroços to the <i>Caniçal Tunnel</i>. It is known as the <i>mimosa levada</i>, because "mimosa" trees (the colloquial name for invasive <a href="/wiki/Acacia" title="Acacia">acacia</a>) are found along the route.</div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politics">Politics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madeira&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Madeira" title="Politics of Madeira">Politics of Madeira</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Political_autonomy">Political autonomy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madeira&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Political autonomy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Due to its distinct geography, economy, social and cultural situation, as well as the historical autonomic aspirations of the population, the Autonomous Regions of Madeira was established in 1976.<sup id="cite_ref-ConstP_83-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ConstP-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although it is a politico-administrative autonomous region, the Portuguese constitution specifies both a regional and national connection, obliging their administrations to maintain democratic principles and promote regional interests, while reinforcing national unity. </p><p>As defined by the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Portugal" title="Constitution of Portugal">Portuguese constitution</a> and other laws, Madeira possesses its own political and administrative <a href="/wiki/Statute" title="Statute">statute</a> and has its own <a href="/wiki/Government" title="Government">government</a>. The branches of Government are the <a href="/wiki/Regional_Government_of_Madeira" title="Regional Government of Madeira">Regional Government</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Legislative_Assembly_of_Madeira" title="Legislative Assembly of Madeira">Legislative Assembly</a>, the latter elected by <a href="/wiki/Universal_suffrage" title="Universal suffrage">universal suffrage</a>, using the <a href="/wiki/D%27Hondt_method" title="D'Hondt method">D'Hondt method</a> of <a href="/wiki/Proportional_representation" title="Proportional representation">proportional representation</a>. </p><p>The president of the Regional Government is appointed by the Representative of the Republic according to the results of the election to the legislative assemblies. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Sovereignty" title="Sovereignty">sovereignty</a> of the Portuguese Republic is represented in Madeira by the Representative of the Republic, appointed by the <a href="/wiki/President_of_Portugal" title="President of Portugal">President of the Republic</a> on the advice of the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Portugal" title="Government of Portugal">Government of the Republic</a>. The tasks of the Representative of the Republic are to sign and order the publication of regional legislative decrees and regional regulatory decrees or to exercise the right of veto over regional laws, should these laws be unconstitutional. Before the sixth amendment to the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Portugal" title="Constitution of Portugal">Portuguese Constitution</a> passed in 2006, this responsibility was held by a more-powerful Minister of the Republic, who was proposed by the Government and appointed by the President.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Status_within_the_European_Union">Status within the European Union</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madeira&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Status within the European Union"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:EU_OCT_and_OMR_map_en.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/EU_OCT_and_OMR_map_en.png/270px-EU_OCT_and_OMR_map_en.png" decoding="async" width="270" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/EU_OCT_and_OMR_map_en.png/405px-EU_OCT_and_OMR_map_en.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/EU_OCT_and_OMR_map_en.png/540px-EU_OCT_and_OMR_map_en.png 2x" data-file-width="2206" data-file-height="1358" /></a><figcaption>Map of the pre-<a href="/wiki/Brexit" title="Brexit">Brexit</a> European Union in the world, with <a href="/wiki/Special_member_state_territories_and_the_European_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Special member state territories and the European Union">overseas countries and territories (OCT) and outermost regions (OMR)</a> for which Madeira is included</figcaption></figure><p>Madeira is an <a href="/wiki/Outermost_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Outermost region">Outermost Region</a> (OMR) of the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>, meaning that due to its geographical situation, it is entitled to <a href="/wiki/Derogation" title="Derogation">derogation</a> from some EU policies. </p><p>According to the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_on_the_Functioning_of_the_European_Union" title="Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union">Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union</a>, both primary and secondary <a href="/wiki/European_Union_law" class="mw-redirect" title="European Union law">European Union law</a> applies to Madeira, with possible derogations to take account of its "structural social and economic situation (...) which is compounded by their remoteness, insularity, small size, difficult topography and climate, economic dependence on a few products, the permanence and combination of which severely restrain their development".<sup id="cite_ref-Article_349_of_TFEU_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Article_349_of_TFEU-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An example of such derogation is seen in the approval of the <a href="/wiki/International_Business_Centre_of_Madeira" title="International Business Centre of Madeira">International Business Centre of Madeira</a> and other state aid policies to help the rum industry. </p><p>It forms part of the <a href="/wiki/European_Union_Customs_Union" title="European Union Customs Union">European Union customs area</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Schengen_Area" title="Schengen Area">Schengen Area</a> and the <a href="/wiki/European_Union_Value_Added_Tax_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="European Union Value Added Tax Area">European Union Value Added Tax Area</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foreign_relations_and_defence">Foreign relations and defence</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madeira&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Foreign relations and defence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Foreign affairs and defence are the responsibility of the national government. The Madeira Military Zone is the <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Army" title="Portuguese Army">Portuguese Army</a>'s command for ground forces stationed in the islands, centering on the 3rd Garrison Regiment based at Funchal.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Navy" title="Portuguese Navy">Navy</a> tasks the patrol vessels <a href="/wiki/Flyvefisken-class_patrol_vessel" title="Flyvefisken-class patrol vessel"><i>Tejo</i> and <i>Mondego</i></a> specifically to Madeira, as well as other vessels as required, in order to patrol <a href="/wiki/Exclusive_economic_zone_of_Portugal" title="Exclusive economic zone of Portugal">Portugal's large economic zone</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To support search and rescue, the <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Air_Force" title="Portuguese Air Force">Portuguese Air Force</a> maintains <a href="/wiki/Porto_Santo_Airport#Military_air_base" title="Porto Santo Airport">a staging base</a> on <a href="/wiki/Porto_Santo_Island" title="Porto Santo Island">Porto Santo Island</a> incorporating detachments of <a href="/wiki/EADS_CASA_C-295" title="EADS CASA C-295">C-295</a> aircraft and <a href="/wiki/AgustaWestland_AW101" title="AgustaWestland AW101">Merlin</a> helicopters.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Administrative_divisions">Administrative divisions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madeira&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Administrative divisions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Autonome_Region_Madeira_2020.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Autonome_Region_Madeira_2020.png/270px-Autonome_Region_Madeira_2020.png" decoding="async" width="270" height="231" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Autonome_Region_Madeira_2020.png/405px-Autonome_Region_Madeira_2020.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Autonome_Region_Madeira_2020.png/540px-Autonome_Region_Madeira_2020.png 2x" data-file-width="2500" data-file-height="2142" /></a><figcaption>Municipalities of Madeira</figcaption></figure> <p>Administratively, Madeira is divided into fifty four <a href="/wiki/Parishes_of_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="Parishes of Portugal">parishes</a> and eleven <a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Portugal" title="Municipalities of Portugal">municipalities</a>:<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr style="text-align:left; background:#ccc;"> <td><b>Municipality</b></td> <td style="text-align:center;"><b>Population</b><br />(2011)<sup id="cite_ref-INE_93-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-INE-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td style="text-align:center;"><b>Area</b></td> <td><b>Main settlement</b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Freguesia" title="Freguesia"><b>Parishes</b></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Funchal" title="Funchal">Funchal</a><sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td align="right">111,892</td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7007757000000000000♠"></span>75.7 km<sup>2</sup> (29.2 sq mi)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Funchal" title="Funchal">Funchal</a></td> <td style="text-align:center;">10 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Santa_Cruz,_Madeira" title="Santa Cruz, Madeira">Santa Cruz</a><sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td align="right">43,005</td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7007680000000000000♠"></span>68.0 km<sup>2</sup> (26.3 sq mi)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Santa_Cruz,_Madeira" title="Santa Cruz, Madeira">Santa Cruz</a></td> <td style="text-align:center;">5 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A2mara_de_Lobos" title="Câmara de Lobos">Câmara de Lobos</a></td> <td align="right">35,666</td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7007526000000000000♠"></span>52.6 km<sup>2</sup> (20.3 sq mi)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A2mara_de_Lobos" title="Câmara de Lobos">Câmara de Lobos</a></td> <td style="text-align:center;">5 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Machico" class="mw-redirect" title="Machico">Machico</a></td> <td align="right">21,828</td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7007676000000000000♠"></span>67.6 km<sup>2</sup> (26.1 sq mi)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Machico" class="mw-redirect" title="Machico">Machico</a></td> <td style="text-align:center;">5 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ribeira_Brava,_Madeira" title="Ribeira Brava, Madeira">Ribeira Brava</a></td> <td align="right">13,375</td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7007649000000000000♠"></span>64.9 km<sup>2</sup> (25.1 sq mi)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ribeira_Brava,_Madeira" title="Ribeira Brava, Madeira">Ribeira Brava</a></td> <td style="text-align:center;">4 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Calheta_(Madeira)" class="mw-redirect" title="Calheta (Madeira)">Calheta</a></td> <td align="right">11,521</td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7008110300000000000♠"></span>110.3 km<sup>2</sup> (42.6 sq mi)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Calheta_(Madeira)" class="mw-redirect" title="Calheta (Madeira)">Calheta</a></td> <td style="text-align:center;">8 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ponta_do_Sol" class="mw-redirect" title="Ponta do Sol">Ponta do Sol</a></td> <td align="right">8,862</td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7007468000000000000♠"></span>46.8 km<sup>2</sup> (18.1 sq mi)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ponta_do_Sol" class="mw-redirect" title="Ponta do Sol">Ponta do Sol</a></td> <td style="text-align:center;">3 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Santana,_Madeira" title="Santana, Madeira">Santana</a></td> <td align="right">7,719</td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7007931000000000000♠"></span>93.1 km<sup>2</sup> (35.9 sq mi)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Santana,_Madeira" title="Santana, Madeira">Santana</a></td> <td style="text-align:center;">6 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Vicente,_Madeira" title="São Vicente, Madeira">São Vicente</a></td> <td align="right">5,723</td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7007808000000000000♠"></span>80.8 km<sup>2</sup> (31.2 sq mi)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Vicente,_Madeira" title="São Vicente, Madeira">São Vicente</a></td> <td style="text-align:center;">3 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Porto_Santo_(Madeira)" class="mw-redirect" title="Porto Santo (Madeira)">Porto Santo</a><sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td align="right">5,483</td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7007424000000000000♠"></span>42.4 km<sup>2</sup> (16.4 sq mi)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vila_Baleira" title="Vila Baleira">Vila Baleira</a></td> <td style="text-align:center;">1 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Porto_Moniz" title="Porto Moniz">Porto Moniz</a></td> <td align="right">2,711</td> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="7007826000000000000♠"></span>82.6 km<sup>2</sup> (31.9 sq mi)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Porto_Moniz" title="Porto Moniz">Porto Moniz</a></td> <td style="text-align:center;">4 </td></tr></tbody></table><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Madeira_27_2014.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Madeira_27_2014.jpg/260px-Madeira_27_2014.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Madeira_27_2014.jpg/390px-Madeira_27_2014.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Madeira_27_2014.jpg/520px-Madeira_27_2014.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7303" data-file-height="3651" /></a><figcaption>Partial view of the capital as seen from the mountains above it</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Funchal">Funchal</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madeira&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Funchal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="excerpt-block"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable dablink excerpt-hat selfref">This section is an excerpt from <a href="/wiki/Funchal" title="Funchal">Funchal</a>.<span class="mw-editsection-like plainlinks"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Funchal&action=edit">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><div class="excerpt"> <a href="/wiki/Funchal" title="Funchal">Funchal</a> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Portuguese pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="pt-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Portuguese" title="Help:IPA/Portuguese">[fũˈʃal]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-2" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/1\/1a\/Pt-pt_Funchal_FF.ogg\/Pt-pt_Funchal_FF.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Pt-pt Funchal FF.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1a/Pt-pt_Funchal_FF.ogg/Pt-pt_Funchal_FF.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Pt-pt_Funchal_FF.ogg" title="File:Pt-pt Funchal FF.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>) is the capital, largest city and the municipal seat of <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a>'s Autonomous Region of Madeira, bordered by the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic Ocean</a>. The city has a population of 105,795,<sup id="cite_ref-Funchal_:0_97-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Funchal_:0-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> making it the sixth largest city in Portugal. Because of its high cultural and historical value, Funchal is one of Portugal's main tourist attractions; it is also popular as a destination for <a href="/wiki/New_Year%27s_Eve" title="New Year's Eve">New Year's Eve</a>, and it is the leading Portuguese port on <a href="/wiki/Cruise_liner" class="mw-redirect" title="Cruise liner">cruise liner</a> dockings.<sup id="cite_ref-Funchal_:0_97-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Funchal_:0-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Population">Population</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madeira&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Population"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Demographics">Demographics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madeira&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="excerpt-block"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable dablink excerpt-hat selfref">These paragraphs are an excerpt from <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Madeira" title="Demographics of Madeira">Demographics of Madeira</a>.<span class="mw-editsection-like plainlinks"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Demographics_of_Madeira&action=edit">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><div class="excerpt"> The island was settled by <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_people" title="Portuguese people">Portuguese people</a>, especially farmers from the <a href="/wiki/Minho_(province)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minho (province)">Minho</a> region,<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> meaning that Madeirans (<a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a>: <i lang="pt">Madeirenses</i>), as they are called, are ethnically Portuguese, though they have developed a distinct regional identity and cultural traits.</div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Diaspora">Diaspora</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madeira&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Diaspora"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_diaspora" class="mw-redirect" title="Portuguese diaspora">Portuguese diaspora</a></div> <p>Madeirans migrated to the United States, <a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana">Guyana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" title="Saint Vincent and the Grenadines">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Madeiran immigrants in North America mostly clustered in <a href="/wiki/New_England" title="New England">New England</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mid-Atlantic_states" class="mw-redirect" title="Mid-Atlantic states">mid-Atlantic states</a>, Toronto, Northern California, and <a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a>. The city of <a href="/wiki/New_Bedford" class="mw-redirect" title="New Bedford">New Bedford</a> is especially rich in Madeirans, hosting the Museum of Madeira Heritage. The annual Madeiran and Luso-American celebration, the <a href="/wiki/Feast_of_the_Blessed_Sacrament" title="Feast of the Blessed Sacrament">Feast of the Blessed Sacrament</a>, the world's largest celebration of Madeiran heritage, regularly draws crowds of tens of thousands to the city's Madeira Field. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Portuguese_immigrant_family_in_Hawaii_during_the_19th_century.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Portuguese_immigrant_family_in_Hawaii_during_the_19th_century.jpg/220px-Portuguese_immigrant_family_in_Hawaii_during_the_19th_century.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Portuguese_immigrant_family_in_Hawaii_during_the_19th_century.jpg/330px-Portuguese_immigrant_family_in_Hawaii_during_the_19th_century.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Portuguese_immigrant_family_in_Hawaii_during_the_19th_century.jpg/440px-Portuguese_immigrant_family_in_Hawaii_during_the_19th_century.jpg 2x" data-file-width="629" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption>Many <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Americans" title="Portuguese Americans">Portuguese</a> immigrants in <a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_Islands" title="Hawaiian Islands">Hawaii</a> were of Madeiran origin</figcaption></figure> <p>In the 1846 famine, over 6,000 inhabitants migrated to <a href="/wiki/British_Guiana" title="British Guiana">British Guiana</a>. In 1891 they numbered 4.3% of the population.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1902 5,000 Portuguese people, mostly Madeirans, lived in <a href="/wiki/Honolulu" title="Honolulu">Honolulu</a>, Hawaii. By 1910 this grew to 21,000.<sup id="cite_ref-Library_of_Congress_Hawaii_102-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Library_of_Congress_Hawaii-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>1849 saw an emigration of Protestant religious exiles from Madeira to the United States, by way of Trinidad and elsewhere in the <a href="/wiki/West_Indies" title="West Indies">West Indies</a>. Most of them settled in <a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a><sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with financial and physical aid of the American Protestant Society, headquartered in New York City. In the late 1830s physician and Presbyterian minister Reverend <a href="/wiki/Robert_Reid_Kalley" title="Robert Reid Kalley">Robert Reid Kalley</a>, from Scotland made a stop at Funchal, Madeira on his way to a mission in China, with his wife, so that she could recover from an illness. Kalley and his wife stayed on Madeira where he began preaching the Protestant gospel and converting islanders from Catholicism.<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Eventually, he was arrested and imprisoned for his religious conversion activities. Another Scottish missionary, William Hepburn Hewitson, took on Protestant ministerial activities in Madeira. By 1846, about 1,000 Protestant Madeirenses, who were discriminated against and the subjects of mob violence because of their religious conversions, chose to immigrate to Trinidad and elsewhere in the West Indies in answer a call for sugar plantation workers.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The exiles did not fare well there. The tropical climate was unfamiliar and they found themselves in serious economic difficulties. By 1848, the American Protestant Society raised money and sent Rev. Manuel J. Gonsalves, a Baptist minister and a naturalized U.S. citizen from Madeira, to work with Rev. Arsénio da Silva, who had emigrated with the exiles from Madeira, to arrange to resettle those who wanted to come to the United States. Rev. da Silva died in early 1849. Later in 1849, Rev. Gonsalves was then charged with escorting the exiles from Trinidad to settle in Sangamon and Morgan counties in Illinois on land purchased with funds raised by the American Protestant Society. Accounts state that anywhere from 700 to 1,000 exiles came to the United States at this time.<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Several large Madeiran communities continue around the world, including in the UK and <a href="/wiki/Jersey" title="Jersey">Jersey</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_British" class="mw-redirect" title="Portuguese British">Portuguese British</a> community, made up mostly of Madeirans, celebrate <a href="/wiki/Madeira_Day" title="Madeira Day">Madeira Day</a>. </p><p>In Venezuela the Madeiran Portuguese settled in cities such as <a href="/wiki/Caracas" title="Caracas">Caracas</a><sup id="cite_ref-:0_109-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and rural areas of the interior. According to figures from the 1990s, around 70% of the Portuguese diaspora in that country was made up of Madeirans and their descendants, initially dedicated to activities such as <a href="/wiki/Agriculture" title="Agriculture">agriculture</a>, but later, due to the lack of government support, the emigrants concentrated on <a href="/wiki/Commerce" title="Commerce">commerce</a><sup id="cite_ref-:0_109-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in the large Venezuelan cities. Among the companies founded by Madeirans are the supermarkets Central Madeirense, Excelsior Gama, Supermercados Unicasa and Automercados Plaza, and many renowned bakeries.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_109-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A state in Venezuela called <a href="/wiki/Portuguesa_(state)" title="Portuguesa (state)">Portuguesa</a> was named after its large Portuguese population. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Immigration">Immigration</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madeira&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Immigration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Madeira is part of the <a href="/wiki/Schengen_Area" title="Schengen Area">Schengen Area</a>. </p><p>Due to its growing popularity, Madeira’s population has grown, reaching 253,259 in 2022, of whom the majority are locals. But Madeira has, for many years, witnessed a rising foreign population. As of 31 December 2022, immigrants in the region totaled 11,793 people, representing an increase of 13.3% compared to 2021. “Nationals from Venezuela (19.7%), the United Kingdom (11.8%), Germany (9.4%) and Brazil (9.2%) continue to represent the main foreign communities in the region<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>”, according to the DREM (Madeira Statistics Department). <sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madeira&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">gross domestic product</a> (GDP) reached 4.9 billion euros in 2018, accounting for 2.4% of Portugal's economic output. GDP per capita adjusted for purchasing power then was 22,500 euros or 75% of the EU27 average. The GDP per employee was 71% of the EU average.<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Madeira embraced <a href="/wiki/Bitcoin" title="Bitcoin">Bitcoin</a> by implementing policies that exempt Bitcoin investors from paying personal income taxes in the region. Madeira Regional Government President Miguel Albuquerque confirmed the inauguration of a business hub focused solely on Bitcoin and related innovations. Speaking in a dialogue with Prince Filip Karađorđević of <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a> at Bitcoin Amsterdam 2023, he framed the move as a significant step toward technological advancements and international partnerships.<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Madeira_International_Business_Center">Madeira International Business Center</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madeira&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Madeira International Business Center"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Funchal_mountains_view.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Funchal_mountains_view.jpg/220px-Funchal_mountains_view.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Funchal_mountains_view.jpg/330px-Funchal_mountains_view.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Funchal_mountains_view.jpg/440px-Funchal_mountains_view.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="2268" /></a><figcaption>View of Madeiran mountains from Funchal</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Canical.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Canical.jpg/220px-Canical.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Canical.jpg/330px-Canical.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Canical.jpg/440px-Canical.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Cani%C3%A7al" title="Caniçal">Caniçal</a> on the left and Madeira Free Trade (Industrial) Zone on the right</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/International_Business_Centre_of_Madeira" title="International Business Centre of Madeira">International Business Center of Madeira</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/International_Business_Centre_of_Madeira" title="International Business Centre of Madeira">Madeira International Business Center</a> (MIBC) <a href="/wiki/Free_trade_zone" class="mw-redirect" title="Free trade zone">free trade zone</a> has led to additional infrastructure, production shops and essential services for small and medium-sized industrial enterprises. MIBC comprises three sectors of investment: the Industrial Free Trade Zone, the International Shipping Register – MAR and International Services. Madeira's tax regime has been approved by the European Commission as legal State Aid and its deadline was extended through 2027. MIBC was created formally in the 1980s as a tool of regional economic policy.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> It consists of (mainly tax) incentives, granted with the objective of attracting investment into Madeira. </p><p>Favorable operational and fiscal conditions were approved by the European Commission under Article 299 of the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_on_European_Union" title="Treaty on European Union">Treaty on European Union</a>. The MIBC is integrated in the Portuguese and EU legal systems and is regulated and supervised by Portuguese and EU authorities in a transparent and stable business environment, clearly distinguished from so-called "tax havens" and "offshore jurisdictions". In 2015, the EC authorized a state aid regime for companies incorporated between 2015 and 2020 and extended the regime of tax reductions through 2027. The tax regime is outlined in Article 36°-A of the Portuguese Tax Incentives Statute. Available data demonstrates that this programme aided the local labor market, through the creation of qualified jobs and for professionals who have returned to Madeira; increased productivity; expanded business tourism from the visits of investors and their clients and suppliers, and other sectors such as real estate. Telecommunications and other services benefit from a larger client base. Companies attracted by MIBC represent over 40% of revenue in terms of corporate income tax for the Government of Madeira and nearly 3.000 jobs. Salaries there are above average in comparison with the wages paid in other sectors.<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Regional_government">Regional government</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madeira&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Regional government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Madeira has been a significant recipient of <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> funding, totaling €2 billion. In 2012, it was reported that despite a population of just 250,000, the local administration owed some €6 billion.<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Portuguese treasury (IGCP) assumed Madeira's debt management between 2012 and 2015. The region works with the central government on a long-term plan to reduce debt levels and commercial debt stock. <a href="/wiki/Moody%27s" class="mw-redirect" title="Moody's">Moody's</a> noted that the region made significant fiscal consolidation efforts and that its tax revenue collection has improved. Tax revenues increased by 41% between 2012 and 2016, helping the region to reduce its deficit to operating revenue ratio to 10% in 2016 from 77% in 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tourism">Tourism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madeira&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Tourism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:28.5%; ;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> <p>Pearl of the Atlantic, island of eternal spring... Madeira well deserves its fanciful nicknames and the affection visitors and locals alike feel for this tiny volcanic island that offers so much. </p> </blockquote> <p style="padding-bottom: 0;"><cite class="left-aligned" style=""><i><a href="/wiki/Lonely_Planet" title="Lonely Planet">Lonely Planet</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></p> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Madeira_Beach_(163610932).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Madeira_Beach_%28163610932%29.jpg/260px-Madeira_Beach_%28163610932%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Madeira_Beach_%28163610932%29.jpg/390px-Madeira_Beach_%28163610932%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Madeira_Beach_%28163610932%29.jpg/520px-Madeira_Beach_%28163610932%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Praia_da_Calheta" title="Praia da Calheta">Calheta Beach</a></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Portugal" title="Tourism in Portugal">Tourism</a> is an important sector in the region's economy, contributing 20%<sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to the region's GDP, providing support throughout the year for commercial, transport and other activities and constituting a significant market for local products. The share in Gross Value Added of hotels and restaurants (9%) also highlights this phenomenon. The island of Porto Santo, with its 9-kilometre-long (5.6 mi) beach and its climate, is entirely devoted to tourism. </p><p>Visitors are mainly from Europe, with Portuguese, British, German and French tourists providing the main contingents (2021).<sup id="cite_ref-auto_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The average annual occupancy rate was 60.3% in 2008,<sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> reaching its maximum in March and April, when it exceeds 70%.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Whale_watching">Whale watching</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madeira&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Whale watching"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Whale_watching" title="Whale watching">Whale watching</a> has become very popular in recent years. Many species of dolphins, such as <a href="/wiki/Common_dolphin" title="Common dolphin">common dolphin</a>, spotted dolphin, <a href="/wiki/Striped_dolphin" title="Striped dolphin">striped dolphin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bottlenose_dolphin" title="Bottlenose dolphin">bottlenose dolphin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Short-finned_pilot_whale" title="Short-finned pilot whale">short-finned pilot whale</a>, and whales such as <a href="/wiki/Bryde%27s_whale" title="Bryde's whale">Bryde's whale</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sei_whale" title="Sei whale">Sei whale</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Fin_whale" title="Fin whale">fin whale</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sperm_whale" title="Sperm whale">sperm whale</a>, <a href="/wiki/Beaked_whale" title="Beaked whale">beaked whales</a> can be spotted near the coast or offshore.<sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sustainable_development">Sustainable development</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madeira&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Sustainable development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Electricity on Madeira is provided solely through EEM (Empresa de Electricidade da Madeira, SA, which holds a monopoly for the provision of electrical supply on the autonomous region) and consists largely of fossil fuels, but with a significant supply of seasonal hydroelectricity from the levada system, wind power and a small amount of solar. Energy production comes from conventional thermal and hydropower, as well as wind and solar energy.<sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Ribeira dos Soccoridos <a href="/wiki/Hydropower" title="Hydropower">hydropower</a> plant, rated at 15MW, utilises a <a href="/wiki/Pumped_hydropower" class="mw-redirect" title="Pumped hydropower">pumped hydropower</a> reservoir to recycle mountain water during the dry summer.<sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Battery_storage_power_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Battery storage power station">Battery technologies</a> are being tested to minimise Madeira's reliance on fossil fuel imports.<sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Renault SA and EEM piloted the Sustainable Porto Santo—Smart Fossil Free Island project on Porto Santo to demonstrate how fossil fuels can be entirely replaced with renewable energy,<sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> using a 3.3 MWh battery. Madeira operates a 15 MW 1-hour <a href="/wiki/Lithium_iron_phosphate" title="Lithium iron phosphate">lithium iron phosphate</a> battery with <a href="/wiki/Black_start" title="Black start">black start</a> capability.<sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the first half of 2022, 33% of the electricity consumed on the Portuguese archipelago of Madeira was sourced from renewable energy, a milestone achieved through a collaborative initiative co-funded by the European Union (EU).<sup id="cite_ref-:1_127-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Central to this accomplishment are the centuries-old stone pipes known as levadas, spanning thousands of kilometers and dating back to the fifteenth century. These levadas efficiently transport rainwater from northern regions to the south, serving various purposes such as human consumption, agriculture, and electricity production.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_127-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Socorridos hydroelectric power station, fueled by water conveyed through the levadas, stands as the island's principal hydraulic system, providing power consistently throughout the year. A significant aspect of the EU-funded multi-million euro project involved enhancing water storage capacity, including the construction of a 5.4-kilometer tunnel and additional mountain tunnels, presenting formidable engineering challenges.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_127-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Wind power complements the system, facilitating the movement of stored water uphill during peak demand periods. The treated water serves dual purposes—human consumption and agriculture—while also functioning as a renewable energy source. Nuno Jorge Pereira, Water Production Director for Wood, Water, and Waste (ARM), elucidates the strategic use of water volumes to adapt to energy production levels.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_127-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This €34.7 million project, with €17.3 million co-financed by the European Cohesion Policy, not only mitigates concerns about drought but also earned acclaim as one of the best EU co-funded projects in the EGIOSTAR Awards.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_127-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The optimized Socorridos plant has notably alleviated water-related challenges for local farmers.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_127-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madeira&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Madeira" title="Transport in Madeira">Transport in Madeira</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ve%C4%8Dern%C3%AD_Funchal_z_p%C5%99%C3%ADstavn%C3%ADho_mola.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Ve%C4%8Dern%C3%AD_Funchal_z_p%C5%99%C3%ADstavn%C3%ADho_mola.JPG/220px-Ve%C4%8Dern%C3%AD_Funchal_z_p%C5%99%C3%ADstavn%C3%ADho_mola.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Ve%C4%8Dern%C3%AD_Funchal_z_p%C5%99%C3%ADstavn%C3%ADho_mola.JPG/330px-Ve%C4%8Dern%C3%AD_Funchal_z_p%C5%99%C3%ADstavn%C3%ADho_mola.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Ve%C4%8Dern%C3%AD_Funchal_z_p%C5%99%C3%ADstavn%C3%ADho_mola.JPG/440px-Ve%C4%8Dern%C3%AD_Funchal_z_p%C5%99%C3%ADstavn%C3%ADho_mola.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a><figcaption>A ferry makes daily trips between Madeira and <a href="/wiki/Porto_Santo" class="mw-redirect" title="Porto Santo">Porto Santo</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The islands have two airports, <a href="/wiki/Cristiano_Ronaldo_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Cristiano Ronaldo International Airport">Cristiano Ronaldo International Airport</a> and <a href="/wiki/Porto_Santo_Airport" title="Porto Santo Airport">Porto Santo Airport</a>, on the islands of Madeira and Porto Santo respectively. From Cristiano Ronaldo International Airport the most frequent flights are to <a href="/wiki/Lisbon" title="Lisbon">Lisbon</a>. There are also direct flights to over 30 other airports in Europe and nearby islands.<sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Transport between the two main islands is by plane, or ferries from the Porto Santo Line,<sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the latter also carrying vehicles. Visiting the interior of the islands is now easy thanks to construction of the <i>Vias Rápidas</i>, major roads that cross the island. Modern roads reach all points of interest on the islands. </p><p>Funchal has an extensive public transportation system. Bus companies, including <a href="/wiki/Hor%C3%A1rios_do_Funchal" title="Horários do Funchal">Horários do Funchal</a>, which has been operating for over a hundred years, have regularly scheduled routes to all points of interest on the island. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madeira&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Music">Music</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madeira&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Madeira" title="Music of Madeira">Music of Madeira</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Madeirenses.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Madeirenses.jpg/220px-Madeirenses.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Madeirenses.jpg/330px-Madeirenses.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Madeirenses.jpg/440px-Madeirenses.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="683" /></a><figcaption>Bailinho da Madeira</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Folklore" title="Folklore">Folklore</a> music in Madeira is widespread and mainly uses local musical instruments such as the <a href="/wiki/Machete_(musical_instrument)" title="Machete (musical instrument)">machete</a>, <a href="/wiki/Raj%C3%A3o" title="Rajão">rajão</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brinquinho" title="Brinquinho">brinquinho</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cavaquinho" title="Cavaquinho">cavaquinho</a>, which are used in traditional folkloric dances like the <span title="Portuguese-language text"><i lang="pt">bailinho da Madeira</i></span>. </p><p>Emigrants from Madeira also influenced the creation of new musical instruments. In the 1880s, the <a href="/wiki/Ukulele" title="Ukulele">ukulele</a> was created, based on two small guitar-like instruments of Madeiran origin, the <a href="/wiki/Cavaquinho" title="Cavaquinho">cavaquinho</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Raj%C3%A3o" title="Rajão">rajão</a>. The ukulele was introduced to the <a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_Islands" title="Hawaiian Islands">Hawaiian Islands</a> by <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_people" title="Portuguese people">Portuguese</a> immigrants from Madeira and Cape Verde.<sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Three immigrants in particular, Madeiran cabinet makers Manuel Nunes, José do Espírito Santo, and Augusto Dias, are generally credited as the first ukulele makers.<sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Two weeks after they disembarked from the <i><a href="/wiki/Ravenscrag_(ship)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ravenscrag (ship)">SS Ravenscrag</a></i> in late August 1879, the <i>Hawaiian Gazette</i> reported that "Madeira Islanders recently arrived here, have been delighting the people with nightly street concerts."<sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cuisine">Cuisine</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madeira&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Cuisine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Patella_vulgata_Madeira_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Patella_vulgata_Madeira_1.jpg/220px-Patella_vulgata_Madeira_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Patella_vulgata_Madeira_1.jpg/330px-Patella_vulgata_Madeira_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Patella_vulgata_Madeira_1.jpg/440px-Patella_vulgata_Madeira_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2664" /></a><figcaption>"Lapas", the true limpet species <i><a href="/wiki/Patella_vulgata" title="Patella vulgata">Patella vulgata</a></i></figcaption></figure> <p>Because of the geographic situation of Madeira in the Atlantic Ocean, the island has an abundance of fish of various kinds. The species that are consumed the most are espada (<a href="/wiki/Black_scabbardfish" title="Black scabbardfish">black scabbardfish</a>), <a href="/wiki/Thunnus" title="Thunnus">blue fin tuna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Swordfish" title="Swordfish">swordfish</a>, <a href="/wiki/White_marlin" title="White marlin">white marlin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_blue_marlin" title="Atlantic blue marlin">blue marlin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Albacore" title="Albacore">albacore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bigeye_tuna" title="Bigeye tuna">bigeye tuna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wahoo" title="Wahoo">wahoo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marlin" title="Marlin">spearfish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Skipjack_tuna" title="Skipjack tuna">skipjack tuna</a> and many others are found in the local dishes as they are found along the coast of Madeira.<sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Espada is usually fried in a batter and accompanied by fried banana (<a href="/wiki/Espada_com_banana" title="Espada com banana">Espada com banana</a>) and sometimes a passionfruit sauce.<sup id="cite_ref-goas_134-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-goas-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Bacalhau" title="Bacalhau">Bacalhau</a> is also popular, as it is in <a href="/wiki/Continental_Portugal" title="Continental Portugal">Mainland Portugal</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Black_scabbardfish,_S%C3%A3o_Vicente,_Madeira.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Black_scabbardfish%2C_S%C3%A3o_Vicente%2C_Madeira.jpg/220px-Black_scabbardfish%2C_S%C3%A3o_Vicente%2C_Madeira.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Black_scabbardfish%2C_S%C3%A3o_Vicente%2C_Madeira.jpg/330px-Black_scabbardfish%2C_S%C3%A3o_Vicente%2C_Madeira.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Black_scabbardfish%2C_S%C3%A3o_Vicente%2C_Madeira.jpg/440px-Black_scabbardfish%2C_S%C3%A3o_Vicente%2C_Madeira.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3674" data-file-height="2756" /></a><figcaption>Black scabbardfish <i>(espada)</i>, São Vicente, Madeira</figcaption></figure> <p>There are many different meat dishes on Madeira, one of the most popular being <a href="/wiki/Espetada" title="Espetada">espetada</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-135" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Espetada is traditionally made of large chunks of beef rubbed in garlic, salt and bay leaf and marinated for 4 to 6 hours in Madeira wine, red wine vinegar and olive oil then skewered onto a <a href="/wiki/Bay_laurel" class="mw-redirect" title="Bay laurel">bay laurel</a> stick and left to grill over smouldering wood chips. These are so integral a part of traditional eating habits that a special iron stand is available with a T-shaped end, each branch of the "T" having a slot in the middle to hold a <a href="/wiki/Brochette" class="mw-redirect" title="Brochette">brochette</a> (espeto in Portuguese); a small plate is then placed underneath to collect the juices. The brochettes are very long and have a V-shaped blade in order to pierce the meat more easily. It is usually accompanied with the local bread called <a href="/wiki/Bolo_do_caco" title="Bolo do caco">bolo do caco</a>. A traditional holiday dish is "Carne de Vinho e Alhos", which is most closely associated with the pig slaughter that was held a few weeks before Christmas. A big event, traditionally it was attended by everyone in the village. The dish is made of pork which marinates for three days in white wine, vinegar, salt, and pepper and is then cooked with small potatoes, sliced carrots, and turnip. Another common meat dish is “Picado" - cubed beef cooked in a mushroom sauce and accompanied by fries.<sup id="cite_ref-goas_134-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-goas-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other popular dishes in Madeira include <a href="/wiki/A%C3%A7orda" title="Açorda">açorda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Feijoada" title="Feijoada">feijoada</a> and <a href="/wiki/Carne_de_Vinha_d%27_Alhos" class="mw-redirect" title="Carne de Vinha d' Alhos">carne de vinha d'alhos</a>. </p><p>Traditional pastries in Madeira usually contain local ingredients, one of the most common being <i>mel de cana</i>, literally "sugarcane honey" (<a href="/wiki/Molasses" title="Molasses">molasses</a>). The traditional cake of Madeira is called <i><a href="/wiki/Bolo_de_Mel" class="mw-redirect" title="Bolo de Mel">Bolo de Mel</a></i>, which translates as (Sugarcane) "Honey Cake" and according to custom, is never cut with a knife, but broken into pieces by hand. It is a rich and heavy cake. The cake commonly known as "<a href="/wiki/Madeira_cake" title="Madeira cake">Madeira cake</a>" in England is named after <a href="/wiki/Madeira_wine" title="Madeira wine">Madeira wine</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Malasada" class="mw-redirect" title="Malasada">Malasadas</a> are a local confection which are mainly consumed during the <a href="/wiki/Carnival_of_Madeira" title="Carnival of Madeira">Carnival of Madeira</a>. <a href="/wiki/Pastel_de_nata" title="Pastel de nata">Pastéis de nata</a>, as in the rest of Portugal, are also very popular. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Milho_frito" title="Milho frito">Milho frito</a> is a popular dish in Madeira that is similar to the Italian dish <a href="/wiki/Polenta" title="Polenta">polenta</a> fritta. <a href="/wiki/A%C3%A7orda" title="Açorda">Açorda</a> Madeirense is another popular local dish. </p><p>Madeira is known for the high quality of its <a href="/wiki/Cherimoya" title="Cherimoya">cherimoya</a> fruits.<sup id="cite_ref-136" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-137" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Annona Festival is traditional and held annually in the parish of Faial. This event encourages the consumption of this fruit and its derivatives, such as liqueurs, puddings, ice cream and smoothies.<sup id="cite_ref-138" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Beverages">Beverages</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madeira&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Beverages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vino_D_Oliveiras.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Vino_D_Oliveiras.JPG/220px-Vino_D_Oliveiras.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Vino_D_Oliveiras.JPG/330px-Vino_D_Oliveiras.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Vino_D_Oliveiras.JPG/440px-Vino_D_Oliveiras.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption>Bottles of Madeira labelled by the different grape varieties used to produce the many styles of wine</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CORAL.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7f/CORAL.jpg" decoding="async" width="112" height="314" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="112" data-file-height="314" /></a><figcaption>Coral Beer, produced since 1872<sup id="cite_ref-ecm.pt_139-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ecm.pt-139"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in the Island's main brewery, has achieved several <a href="/wiki/Monde_Selection" title="Monde Selection">Monde Selection</a> medals</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Madeira_wine" title="Madeira wine">Madeira wine</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Fortified_wine" title="Fortified wine">fortified wine</a> produced in the Madeira Islands; varieties may be sweet or dry. It has a history dating back to the <a href="/wiki/Age_of_Exploration" class="mw-redirect" title="Age of Exploration">Age of Exploration</a> when Madeira was a standard <a href="/wiki/Port#Port_of_call" title="Port">port of call</a> for ships heading to the <a href="/wiki/New_World" title="New World">New World</a> or <a href="/wiki/East_Indies" title="East Indies">East Indies</a>. To prevent the wine from spoiling, neutral <a href="/wiki/Grape_spirit" class="mw-redirect" title="Grape spirit">grape spirits</a> were added. However, wine producers of Madeira discovered, when an unsold shipment of wine returned to the islands after a round trip, that the flavour of the wine had been transformed by exposure to heat and movement. Today, Madeira is noted for its unique winemaking process that involves heating the wine and deliberately exposing the wine to some levels of <a href="/wiki/Oxidation" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxidation">oxidation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Sotheby_pg_340–341_140-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sotheby_pg_340–341-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most countries limit the use of the term <i>Madeira</i> to those wines that come from the Madeira Islands, to which the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> grants <a href="/wiki/Protected_designation_of_origin" title="Protected designation of origin">Protected designation of origin</a> (PDO) status.<sup id="cite_ref-141" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-141"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A local beer called Coral is produced by the <a href="/wiki/Madeira_Brewery" title="Madeira Brewery">Madeira Brewery</a>, which dates from 1872. It has achieved 2 <a href="/wiki/Monde_Selection" title="Monde Selection">Monde Selection</a> Grand Gold Medals, 24 Monde Selection Gold Medals and 2 Monde Selection Silver Medals.<sup id="cite_ref-ecm.pt_139-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ecm.pt-139"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other alcoholic drinks are also popular in Madeira, such as the locally created <a href="/wiki/Poncha" title="Poncha">Poncha</a>, Niquita, Pé de Cabra, Aniz, as well as Portuguese drinks such as <a href="/wiki/Macieira_Brandy" title="Macieira Brandy">Macieira Brandy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Licor_Beir%C3%A3o" title="Licor Beirão">Licor Beirão</a>. </p><p>Laranjada is a type of <a href="/wiki/Carbonation" title="Carbonation">carbonated</a> soft drink with an orange flavour, its name being derived from the Portuguese word <i>laranja</i> ("orange"). Launched in 1872 it was the first soft drink to be produced in Portugal, and remains very popular to the present day.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> <a href="/wiki/Brisa_drink" class="mw-redirect" title="Brisa drink">Brisa drinks</a>, a brand name, are also very popular and come in a range of flavours. </p><p>There is a <a href="/wiki/Coffee_culture" title="Coffee culture">coffee culture</a> in Madeira.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sports">Sports</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madeira&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Sports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Madeira" title="Sport in Madeira">Sport in Madeira</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fotbal-1875.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Fotbal-1875.JPG/250px-Fotbal-1875.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Fotbal-1875.JPG/375px-Fotbal-1875.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Fotbal-1875.JPG/500px-Fotbal-1875.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a><figcaption>Monument in <a href="/wiki/Camacha" title="Camacha">Camacha</a>, celebrating the first ever organised football game in Portugal</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">Football</a> is the most popular sport in Madeira and the island was indeed the first place in Portugal to host a match, organised by <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">British</a> residents in 1875.<sup id="cite_ref-142" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>142<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-143" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-143"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>143<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The island is the birthplace of international star <a href="/wiki/Cristiano_Ronaldo" title="Cristiano Ronaldo">Cristiano Ronaldo</a> and is home to two prominent teams, <a href="/wiki/C.S._Mar%C3%ADtimo" title="C.S. Marítimo">C.S. Marítimo</a> and <a href="/wiki/C.D._Nacional" title="C.D. Nacional">C.D. Nacional</a>. </p><p>As well as football, the island is also home to professional sports teams in <a href="/wiki/Basketball" title="Basketball">basketball</a> (<a href="/wiki/CAB_Madeira" title="CAB Madeira">CAB Madeira</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Handball" title="Handball">handball</a> (<a href="/wiki/Madeira_Andebol_SAD" title="Madeira Andebol SAD">Madeira Andebol SAD</a>, who were runners up in the <a href="/wiki/2018%E2%80%9319_EHF_Challenge_Cup#Final" title="2018–19 EHF Challenge Cup">2019 European Challenge Cup</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-144" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-144"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>144<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Madeira was also the host of the <a href="/wiki/2003_World_Men%27s_Handball_Championship" title="2003 World Men's Handball Championship">2003 World Handball Championship</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Rally_Vinho_da_Madeira" class="mw-redirect" title="Rally Vinho da Madeira">Rally Vinho da Madeira</a> is a rally race held annually since 1959, considered one of the biggest sporting events on the island<sup id="cite_ref-145" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-145"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was part of the <a href="/wiki/European_Rally_Championship" title="European Rally Championship">European Rally Championship</a> from 1979 to 2012 and the <a href="/wiki/Intercontinental_Rally_Challenge" title="Intercontinental Rally Challenge">Intercontinental Rally Challenge</a> from 2006 to 2010. </p><p>Other popular sporting activities include <a href="/wiki/Golf" title="Golf">golf</a> at one of the island's two courses (plus one on <a href="/wiki/Porto_Santo" class="mw-redirect" title="Porto Santo">Porto Santo</a>), <a href="/wiki/Surfing" title="Surfing">surfing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scuba_diving" title="Scuba diving">scuba diving</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Hiking" title="Hiking">hiking</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sister_provinces">Sister provinces</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madeira&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Sister provinces"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Madeira" title="Special:EditPage/Madeira">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Madeira%22">"Madeira"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Madeira%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Madeira%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Madeira%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Madeira%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Madeira%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Madeira Island has the following sister provinces: </p> <dl><dd><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Aosta_Valley" title="Aosta Valley">Aosta Valley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> (1987)</dd> <dd><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Jersey" title="Jersey"><img alt="Jersey" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Flag_of_Jersey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jersey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Flag_of_Jersey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Jersey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Flag_of_Jersey.svg/46px-Flag_of_Jersey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Jersey" title="Jersey">Jersey</a> (1998)</dd> <dd><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa"><img alt="South Africa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Cape" title="Eastern Cape">Eastern Cape</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a></dd> <dd><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea"><img alt="South Korea" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Jeju_Province" title="Jeju Province">Jeju Province</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a> (2007)</dd> <dd><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar"><img alt="Gibraltar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Flag_of_Gibraltar.svg/23px-Flag_of_Gibraltar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Flag_of_Gibraltar.svg/35px-Flag_of_Gibraltar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Flag_of_Gibraltar.svg/46px-Flag_of_Gibraltar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a> (2009)<sup id="cite_ref-146" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-146"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>146<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Postage_stamps">Postage stamps</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madeira&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Postage stamps"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Madeira" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Madeira">Postage stamps and postal history of Madeira</a></div> <p>Portugal has issued postage stamps for Madeira during several periods, beginning in 1868. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madeira&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Have_Some_Madeira_M%27Dear" title="Have Some Madeira M'Dear">Have Some Madeira M'Dear</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_Madeira" title="Geology of Madeira">Geology of Madeira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_birds_of_Madeira" title="List of birds of Madeira">List of birds of Madeira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madeira_Islands_Open" title="Madeira Islands Open">Madeira Islands Open</a>, an annual European Tour golf tournament</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surfing_in_Madeira" title="Surfing in Madeira">Surfing in Madeira</a></li> <li>Islands of <a href="/wiki/Macaronesia" title="Macaronesia">Macaronesia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azores" title="Azores">Azores</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabo_Verde" class="mw-redirect" title="Cabo Verde">Cabo Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canary_Islands" title="Canary Islands">Canary Islands</a></li></ul></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/21px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/32px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/42px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Portugal" title="Portal:Portugal">Portugal</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/19px-Terra.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/29px-Terra.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/38px-Terra.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Geography" title="Portal:Geography">Geography</a></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madeira&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ine.pt/xportal/xmain?xpid=INE&xpgid=ine_indicadores&contecto=pi&indOcorrCod=0011166&selTab=tab0">"Resident population (No.) by Place of residence, Sex and Age group; Decennial - Statistics Portugal, Population and housing census – 2021"</a>. <i>INE</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201111210123/https://www.ine.pt/xportal/xmain?xpid=INE&xpgid=ine_indicadores&contecto=pi&indOcorrCod=0011166&selTab=tab0">Archived</a> from the original on 11 November 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=INE&rft.atitle=Resident+population+%28No.%29+by+Place+of+residence%2C+Sex+and+Age+group%3B+Decennial+-+Statistics+Portugal%2C+Population+and+housing+census+%E2%80%93+2021&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ine.pt%2Fxportal%2Fxmain%3Fxpid%3DINE%26xpgid%3Dine_indicadores%26contecto%3Dpi%26indOcorrCod%3D0011166%26selTab%3Dtab0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadeira" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.fitchratings.com/research/international-public-finance/fitch-revises-autonomous-region-of-madeira-outlook-to-positive-on-sovereign-rating-action-16-05-2022">[1]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220816231703/https://www.fitchratings.com/research/international-public-finance/fitch-revises-autonomous-region-of-madeira-outlook-to-positive-on-sovereign-rating-action-16-05-2022">Archived</a> 16 August 2022 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Fitch Revises Autonomous Region of Madeira's Outlook to Positive on Sovereign Rating Action, Mon 16 May 2022 - 17:02 ET, retrieved 28 June 2022.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Reference-AHD-Madeira" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=Madeira">"Madeira"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_American_Heritage_Dictionary_of_the_English_Language" title="The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language">The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language</a></i> (5th ed.). HarperCollins<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+American+Heritage+Dictionary+of+the+English+Language&rft.atitle=Madeira&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ahdictionary.com%2Fword%2Fsearch.html%3Fq%3DMadeira&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadeira" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200131135321/https://www.lexico.com/definition/madeira">"Madeira"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Lexico" title="Lexico">Lexico</a> UK English Dictionary</i>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lexico.com/definition/Madeira">the original</a> on 31 January 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Madeira&rft.btitle=Lexico+UK+English+Dictionary&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lexico.com%2Fdefinition%2FMadeira&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadeira" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/Madeira">"Madeira"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Merriam-Webster" title="Merriam-Webster">Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary</a></i>. Merriam-Webster<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Merriam-Webster.com+Dictionary&rft.atitle=Madeira&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2FMadeira&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadeira" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bowler-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bowler_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBowler,_John2018" class="citation book cs1">Bowler, John (2018). <i>Wildlife of Madeira and the Canary Islands</i>. Princeton University Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EqVLDwAAQBAJ&dq=Wildlife+of+Madeira+and+the+Canary+Islands+520+km+morocco&pg=PA5">5</a>. <q>The Madeira archipelago belongs to Portugal and lies just under 400 km to the north of the Canary Island of Tenerife and 520 km west of Morocco.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Wildlife+of+Madeira+and+the+Canary+Islands&rft.pages=5&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2018&rft.au=Bowler%2C+John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadeira" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Beron-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Beron_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeron,_Petar2018" class="citation book cs1">Beron, Petar (2018). <i>Zoogeography of Arachnida</i>. Springer. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7LdmDwAAQBAJ&dq=madeira+520+km+morocco&pg=PA363">363</a>. <q>Another archipelago, a Portugal territory, is Madeira, comprising the islands of Madeira, Porto Santo, Degeltas, and Selvagens, 520 km from the African coast.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Zoogeography+of+Arachnida&rft.pages=363&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2018&rft.au=Beron%2C+Petar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadeira" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ibpuk-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ibpuk_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIbpuk2019" class="citation book cs1">Ibpuk (2019). <i>Madeira: Doing Business, Investing in Madeira Guide Volume 1</i>. Washington, D.C.: International Business Publications. p. 14.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Madeira%3A+Doing+Business%2C+Investing+in+Madeira+Guide+Volume+1&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.pages=14&rft.pub=International+Business+Publications&rft.date=2019&rft.au=Ibpuk&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadeira" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Passinhas-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Passinhas_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPassinhas,_Sandra2012" class="citation book cs1">Passinhas, Sandra (2012). <i>Property and Trust Law in Portugal</i>. Wolsters Kluver.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Property+and+Trust+Law+in+Portugal&rft.pub=Wolsters+Kluver&rft.date=2012&rft.au=Passinhas%2C+Sandra&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadeira" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ays-madeira.com/madeira.html">"Magical Madeira Island"</a>. <i>AYS</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190613045644/https://www.ays-madeira.com/madeira.html">Archived</a> from the original on 13 June 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AYS&rft.atitle=Magical+Madeira+Island&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ays-madeira.com%2Fmadeira.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadeira" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMullen" class="citation web cs1">Mullen, Tom. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/tmullen/2021/10/24/why-madeira-island-is-a-world-apart/">"Why Madeira Island Is A World Apart"</a>. <i>Forbes</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221025224210/https://www.forbes.com/sites/tmullen/2021/10/24/why-madeira-island-is-a-world-apart/">Archived</a> from the original on 25 October 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Forbes&rft.atitle=Why+Madeira+Island+Is+A+World+Apart&rft.aulast=Mullen&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fsites%2Ftmullen%2F2021%2F10%2F24%2Fwhy-madeira-island-is-a-world-apart%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadeira" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:12002E299:EN:HTML">"EUR-Lex – 12002E299 – EN"</a>. eur-lex.europa.eu. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170516162514/http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:12002E299:EN:HTML">Archived</a> from the original on 16 May 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 December</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=EUR-Lex+%E2%80%93+12002E299+%E2%80%93+EN&rft.pub=eur-lex.europa.eu&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feur-lex.europa.eu%2FLexUriServ%2FLexUriServ.do%3Furi%3DCELEX%3A12002E299%3AEN%3AHTML&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadeira" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.statista.com/statistics/1155166/number-of-tourists-in-madeira-by-country/">"Tourists in Madeira, Portugal by country 2021"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230408172613/https://www.statista.com/statistics/1155166/number-of-tourists-in-madeira-by-country/">Archived</a> from the original on 8 April 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tourists+in+Madeira%2C+Portugal+by+country+2021&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.statista.com%2Fstatistics%2F1155166%2Fnumber-of-tourists-in-madeira-by-country%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadeira" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://islandinnovation.co/news/madeira-begins-sustainable-certification-process-with-earthcheck/">"Madeira begins sustainable certification process with EarthCheck | News | Island Innovation"</a>. <i>islandinnovation.co</i>. 23 February 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231204032959/https://islandinnovation.co/news/madeira-begins-sustainable-certification-process-with-earthcheck/">Archived</a> from the original on 4 December 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=islandinnovation.co&rft.atitle=Madeira+begins+sustainable+certification+process+with+EarthCheck+%7C+News+%7C+Island+Innovation&rft.date=2022-02-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fislandinnovation.co%2Fnews%2Fmadeira-begins-sustainable-certification-process-with-earthcheck%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadeira" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://estatistica.madeira.gov.pt/en/download-now-3/economic/turismo-gb/turismo-noticias-gb/tourism-press-release-current-gb/1553-14-02-2018-in-2017-madeira-s-hotel-industry-registered-new-records-in-overnight-stays-and-revenue.html">"14-02-2018 - In 2017, Madeira's hotel industry registered new records in overnight stays and revenue"</a>. estatistica.madeira.gov.pt. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180522041402/https://estatistica.madeira.gov.pt/en/download-now-3/economic/turismo-gb/turismo-noticias-gb/tourism-press-release-current-gb/1553-14-02-2018-in-2017-madeira-s-hotel-industry-registered-new-records-in-overnight-stays-and-revenue.html">Archived</a> from the original on 22 May 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 May</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=14-02-2018+-+In+2017%2C+Madeira%27s+hotel+industry+registered+new+records+in+overnight+stays+and+revenue&rft.pub=estatistica.madeira.gov.pt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Festatistica.madeira.gov.pt%2Fen%2Fdownload-now-3%2Feconomic%2Fturismo-gb%2Fturismo-noticias-gb%2Ftourism-press-release-current-gb%2F1553-14-02-2018-in-2017-madeira-s-hotel-industry-registered-new-records-in-overnight-stays-and-revenue.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadeira" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ibc-madeira.com/en/about-ibc.html">"About IBC"</a>. ibc-madeira.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180319084926/https://www.ibc-madeira.com/en/about-ibc.html">Archived</a> from the original on 19 March 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+IBC&rft.pub=ibc-madeira.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibc-madeira.com%2Fen%2Fabout-ibc.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadeira" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPlutarch" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Plutarch" title="Plutarch">Plutarch</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/e/roman/texts/plutarch/lives/sertorius*.html"><i>The Parallel Lives: Sertorius, ch. 8</i></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230516005749/https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Plutarch/Lives/Sertorius%2A.html">archived</a> from the original on 16 May 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 February</span> 2021</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Parallel+Lives%3A+Sertorius%2C+ch.+8&rft.au=Plutarch&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpenelope.uchicago.edu%2FThayer%2Fe%2Froman%2Ftexts%2Fplutarch%2Flives%2Fsertorius%2A.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadeira" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-viking-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-viking_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRandoPieperAlcover2014" class="citation journal cs1">Rando, Juan Carlos; Pieper, Harald; Alcover, Josep Antoni (7 April 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4027395">"Radiocarbon evidence for the presence of mice on Madeira Island (North Atlantic) one millennium ago"</a>. <i>Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences</i>. <b>281</b> (1780): 3. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1098%2Frspb.2013.3126">10.1098/rspb.2013.3126</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0962-8452">0962-8452</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4027395">4027395</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24523273">24523273</a>. <q>The mtDNA haplotypes from current populations of house mouse M. m. domesticus of Madeira, [...] show similarities with those of Scandinavia and northern Germany (but not with the Portuguese mainland). This [...] suggests that northern Europe was the source area, and raises the intriguing possibility that the Vikings could have brought the house mouse to the island, although it should be noted that to date there are no historical references of Viking voyages to Macaronesia.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Royal+Society+B%3A+Biological+Sciences&rft.atitle=Radiocarbon+evidence+for+the+presence+of+mice+on+Madeira+Island+%28North+Atlantic%29+one+millennium+ago&rft.volume=281&rft.issue=1780&rft.pages=3&rft.date=2014-04-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4027395%23id-name%3DPMC&rft.issn=0962-8452&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F24523273&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1098%2Frspb.2013.3126&rft.aulast=Rando&rft.aufirst=Juan+Carlos&rft.au=Pieper%2C+Harald&rft.au=Alcover%2C+Josep+Antoni&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4027395&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadeira" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGündüzAuffrayBritton-DavidianCatalan2001" class="citation journal cs1">Gündüz, İ.; Auffray, J.-C.; Britton-Davidian, J.; Catalan, J.; Ganem, G.; Ramalhinho, M. G.; Mathias, M. L.; Searle, J. B. (August 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1046/j.0962-1083.2001.01346.x">"Molecular studies on the colonization of the Madeiran archipelago by house mice"</a>. <i>Molecular Ecology</i>. <b>10</b> (8): 2023–2029. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2001MolEc..10.2023G">2001MolEc..10.2023G</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1046%2Fj.0962-1083.2001.01346.x">10.1046/j.0962-1083.2001.01346.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0962-1083">0962-1083</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11555245">11555245</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211015220133/https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1046/j.0962-1083.2001.01346.x">Archived</a> from the original on 15 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 April</span> 2024</span>. <q>Similarities between the sequences found in the Madeiras and those in Scandinavia and northern Germany suggest that northern Europe was the source area, and there is the intriguing possibility that the Vikings may have accidentally brought house mice to the archipelago.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+Ecology&rft.atitle=Molecular+studies+on+the+colonization+of+the+Madeiran+archipelago+by+house+mice&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=8&rft.pages=2023-2029&rft.date=2001-08&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1046%2Fj.0962-1083.2001.01346.x&rft.issn=0962-1083&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F11555245&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2001MolEc..10.2023G&rft.aulast=G%C3%BCnd%C3%BCz&rft.aufirst=%C4%B0.&rft.au=Auffray%2C+J.-C.&rft.au=Britton-Davidian%2C+J.&rft.au=Catalan%2C+J.&rft.au=Ganem%2C+G.&rft.au=Ramalhinho%2C+M.+G.&rft.au=Mathias%2C+M.+L.&rft.au=Searle%2C+J.+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fonlinelibrary.wiley.com%2Fdoi%2F10.1046%2Fj.0962-1083.2001.01346.x&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadeira" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Idrisi, La première géographie de l'Occident, NEF, Paris 1999</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nicholas Cayetano de Bettencourt Pitta, 1812, pp. 11–17</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NVCSLQOcY90C&pg=PR84&q=Lecmane"><i>The Chronicle of the Discovery and Conquest of Guinea</i></a>, Gomes Eanes de Zurara, Cambridge University Press, 2010, Volume 2, Introduction, pp. lxxxiv, 28 June 2022.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DNB-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DNB_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFernández-Armesto2004" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Felipe_Fern%C3%A1ndez-Armesto" title="Felipe Fernández-Armesto">Fernández-Armesto, Felipe</a> (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxforddnb.com/index/17/101017535/">"Machim (supp. fl. 14th cent.)"</a>. <i>Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</i>. Vol. 1. Oxford: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F17535">10.1093/ref:odnb/17535</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131022225632/http://www.oxforddnb.com/index/17/101017535/">Archived</a> from the original on 22 October 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 September</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Machim+%28supp.+fl.+14th+cent.%29&rft.btitle=Oxford+Dictionary+of+National+Biography&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F17535&rft.aulast=Fern%C3%A1ndez-Armesto&rft.aufirst=Felipe&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxforddnb.com%2Findex%2F17%2F101017535%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadeira" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The discoveries of Porto Santo and Madeira were first described by <a href="/wiki/Gomes_Eanes_de_Zurara" title="Gomes Eanes de Zurara">Gomes Eanes de Zurara</a> in <i>Chronica da Descoberta e Conquista da Guiné</i>. (Eng. version by Edgar Prestage in 2 vols. issued by the <a href="/wiki/Hakluyt_Society" title="Hakluyt Society">Hakluyt Society</a>, London, 1896–1899: <i>The Chronicle of Discovery and Conquest of Guinea</i>.) French author <a href="/wiki/Arkan_Simaan" title="Arkan Simaan">Arkan Simaan</a> refers to these discoveries in his historical novel based on Azurara's Chronicle: <i>L'Écuyer d'Henri le Navigateur</i> (2007), published by Éditions l'Harmattan, Paris.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nicholas Cayetano de Bettencourt Pitta, 1812, p.20</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDervenn1957" class="citation book cs1">Dervenn, Claude (1957). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Ph60AAAAIAAJ"><i>Madeira</i></a>. Translated by Hogarth-Gaute, Frances. London, UK: <a href="/wiki/George_G._Harrap_and_Co." title="George G. Harrap and Co.">George G. Harrap and Co.</a> p. 20. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/645870163">645870163</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201208172728/https://books.google.com/books?id=Ph60AAAAIAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 8 December 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 June</span> 2016</span>. <q>And when he returned in May 1420 to take possession of "his" island, it was with his wife and the sons and daughters that the virtuous Constanga had given him.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Madeira&rft.place=London%2C+UK&rft.pages=20&rft.pub=George+G.+Harrap+and+Co.&rft.date=1957&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F645870163&rft.aulast=Dervenn&rft.aufirst=Claude&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPh60AAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadeira" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.visitmadeira.pt/en-gb/madeira/history">"History"</a>. <i>www.visitmadeira.pt</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210922120537/http://www.visitmadeira.pt/en-gb/madeira/history">Archived</a> from the original on 22 September 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.visitmadeira.pt&rft.atitle=History&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.visitmadeira.pt%2Fen-gb%2Fmadeira%2Fhistory&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadeira" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Crosby2015-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Crosby2015_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlfred_W._Crosby2015" class="citation book cs1">Alfred W. Crosby (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5KKNCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA77"><i>Ecological Imperialism, The Biological Expansion of Europe, 900–1900</i></a> (2 ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 77. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-107-56987-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-107-56987-4"><bdi>978-1-107-56987-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200106002634/https://books.google.com/books?id=5KKNCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA77">Archived</a> from the original on 6 January 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 September</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ecological+Imperialism%2C+The+Biological+Expansion+of+Europe%2C+900%E2%80%931900&rft.pages=77&rft.edition=2&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-107-56987-4&rft.au=Alfred+W.+Crosby&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5KKNCgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA77&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadeira" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ponting_2000_482-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ponting_2000_482_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPonting2000" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Clive_Ponting" title="Clive Ponting">Ponting, Clive</a> (2000). <i>World history: a new perspective</i>. London: Chatto & Windus. p. 482. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7011-6834-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-7011-6834-X"><bdi>0-7011-6834-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=World+history%3A+a+new+perspective&rft.place=London&rft.pages=482&rft.pub=Chatto+%26+Windus&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-7011-6834-X&rft.aulast=Ponting&rft.aufirst=Clive&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadeira" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.visitmadeira.pt/en-gb/madeira/history/era-of-white-gold">"The 'White Gold' Era"</a>. <i>www.visitmadeira.pt</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211003001357/http://www.visitmadeira.pt/en-gb/madeira/history/era-of-white-gold">Archived</a> from the original on 3 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.visitmadeira.pt&rft.atitle=The+%27White+Gold%27+Era&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.visitmadeira.pt%2Fen-gb%2Fmadeira%2Fhistory%2Fera-of-white-gold&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadeira" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFdavide" class="citation web cs1">davide. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.portuguesemuseum.org/?page_id=1808&category=3&exhibit=&event=184">"Madeira Ruled the Sugar Trade"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211111232354/https://portuguesemuseum.org/?page_id=1808&category=3&exhibit=&event=184">Archived</a> from the original on 11 November 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 November</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Madeira+Ruled+the+Sugar+Trade&rft.au=davide&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.portuguesemuseum.org%2F%3Fpage_id%3D1808%26category%3D3%26exhibit%3D%26event%3D184&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadeira" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Godinho, V. M. <i>Os Descobrimentos e a Economia Mundial</i>, Arcádia, 1965, Vol 1 and 2, Lisboa</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sanpedroassociation.com/shist.htm">"madeira history"</a>. <i>www.sanpedroassociation.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211003183505/http://www.sanpedroassociation.com/shist.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 3 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 November</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.sanpedroassociation.com&rft.atitle=madeira+history&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sanpedroassociation.com%2Fshist.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadeira" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fernando Augusto da Silva & Carlos Azevedo de Menezes, "Porto Santo", <i>Elucidário Madeirense</i>, vol. 3 (O-Z), Funchal, DRAC, p. 124.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5q9zcB3JS40C&pg=PA7">Christian Slaves, Muslim Masters: White Slavery in the Mediterranean, the Barbary Coast and Italy, 1500–1800</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150331073518/http://books.google.com/books?id=5q9zcB3JS40C&pg=PA7&dq&hl=en">Archived</a> 31 March 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></i>. Robert Davis (2004). p. 7. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-4039-4551-9" title="Special:BookSources/1-4039-4551-9">1-4039-4551-9</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSystems" class="citation web cs1">Systems, Wow. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blog.madeira.best/sugar-cane-and-madeira-island">"Sugar Cane and Madeira Island"</a>. <i>Madeira Sugar Cane History</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211003012205/https://blog.madeira.best/sugar-cane-and-madeira-island">Archived</a> from the original on 3 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 November</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Madeira+Sugar+Cane+History&rft.atitle=Sugar+Cane+and+Madeira+Island&rft.aulast=Systems&rft.aufirst=Wow&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblog.madeira.best%2Fsugar-cane-and-madeira-island&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadeira" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSystems" class="citation web cs1">Systems, Wow. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blog.madeira.best/sugar-cane-and-madeira-island">"Sugar Cane and Madeira Island"</a>. <i>Madeira Sugar Cane History</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211003012205/https://blog.madeira.best/sugar-cane-and-madeira-island">Archived</a> from the original on 3 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Madeira+Sugar+Cane+History&rft.atitle=Sugar+Cane+and+Madeira+Island&rft.aulast=Systems&rft.aufirst=Wow&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblog.madeira.best%2Fsugar-cane-and-madeira-island&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadeira" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.visitmadeira.pt/en-gb/madeira/history/wine-culture">"The Wine Cicle"</a>. <i>www.visitmadeira.pt</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211003001405/http://www.visitmadeira.pt/en-gb/madeira/history/wine-culture">Archived</a> from the original on 3 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.visitmadeira.pt&rft.atitle=The+Wine+Cicle&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.visitmadeira.pt%2Fen-gb%2Fmadeira%2Fhistory%2Fwine-culture&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadeira" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.visitmadeira.pt/en-gb/madeira/did-you-know-that/usa-celebrated-independence-with-madeira-wine">"USA celebrated independence with Madeira Wine"</a>. <i>www.visitmadeira.pt</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211003002610/http://www.visitmadeira.pt/en-gb/madeira/did-you-know-that/usa-celebrated-independence-with-madeira-wine">Archived</a> from the original on 3 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.visitmadeira.pt&rft.atitle=USA+celebrated+independence+with+Madeira+Wine&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.visitmadeira.pt%2Fen-gb%2Fmadeira%2Fdid-you-know-that%2Fusa-celebrated-independence-with-madeira-wine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadeira" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.visitmadeira.pt/en-gb/madeira/history/the-early-days-of-tourism">"The early days of Tourism"</a>. <i>www.visitmadeira.pt</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211003031706/http://www.visitmadeira.pt/en-gb/madeira/history/the-early-days-of-tourism">Archived</a> from the original on 3 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.visitmadeira.pt&rft.atitle=The+early+days+of+Tourism&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.visitmadeira.pt%2Fen-gb%2Fmadeira%2Fhistory%2Fthe-early-days-of-tourism&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadeira" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160817040540/http://www.nam.ac.uk/online-collection/detail.php?acc=1960-07-49-1">"Officer's presentation sword given to Brigadier General William Henry Clinton from the British Consul and Factory in Madeira, 1802"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Army_Museum" title="National Army Museum">National Army Museum</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nam.ac.uk/online-collection/detail.php?acc=1960-07-49-1">the original</a> on 17 August 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 August</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Officer%27s+presentation+sword+given+to+Brigadier+General+William+Henry+Clinton+from+the+British+Consul+and+Factory+in+Madeira%2C+1802&rft.pub=National+Army+Museum&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nam.ac.uk%2Fonline-collection%2Fdetail.php%3Facc%3D1960-07-49-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadeira" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1820-1832/member/gordon-sir-james-1772-1851">"Gordon, Sir James Willoughby, 1st bt. (1772–1851), of Niton, I.o.W"</a>. UK Parliament. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160826003156/http://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1820-1832/member/gordon-sir-james-1772-1851">Archived</a> from the original on 26 August 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 August</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gordon%2C+Sir+James+Willoughby%2C+1st+bt.+%281772%E2%80%931851%29%2C+of+Niton%2C+I.o.W&rft.pub=UK+Parliament&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.historyofparliamentonline.org%2Fvolume%2F1820-1832%2Fmember%2Fgordon-sir-james-1772-1851&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadeira" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-britishempire.co.uk-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-britishempire.co.uk_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britishempire.co.uk/maproom/madeira.htm">"The Map Room: Africa: Madeira"</a>. British Empire. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101120162522/http://britishempire.co.uk/maproom/madeira.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 20 November 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 July</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Map+Room%3A+Africa%3A+Madeira&rft.pub=British+Empire&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.britishempire.co.uk%2Fmaproom%2Fmadeira.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadeira" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uboat.net/wwi/ships_hit/1531.html">"Cable ship Dacia"</a>. <i>Ships hit by U-boats – German and Austrian U-boats of World War One – Kaiserliche Marine</i>. uboat.net. 13 November 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160208022226/http://uboat.net/wwi/ships_hit/1531.html">Archived</a> from the original on 8 February 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 November</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ships+hit+by+U-boats+%E2%80%93+German+and+Austrian+U-boats+of+World+War+One+%E2%80%93+Kaiserliche+Marine&rft.atitle=Cable+ship+Dacia&rft.date=2010-11-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fuboat.net%2Fwwi%2Fships_hit%2F1531.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadeira" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGlover2015" class="citation web cs1">Glover, Bill (10 July 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160527044910/http://atlantic-cable.com/Cableships/Dacia/index.htm">"CS Dacia"</a>. <i>History of the Atlantic Cable & Undersea Communications</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.atlantic-cable.com/Cableships/Dacia/index.htm">the original</a> on 27 May 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 June</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=History+of+the+Atlantic+Cable+%26+Undersea+Communications&rft.atitle=CS+Dacia&rft.date=2015-07-10&rft.aulast=Glover&rft.aufirst=Bill&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.atlantic-cable.com%2FCableships%2FDacia%2Findex.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadeira" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uboat.net/wwi/ships_hit/3247.html">"Submarine carrier Kanguroo"</a>. <i>Ships hit by U-boats – German and Austrian U-boats of World War One – Kaiserliche Marine</i>. uboat.net. 13 November 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200809203212/https://uboat.net/wwi/ships_hit/3247.html">Archived</a> from the original on 9 August 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 November</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ships+hit+by+U-boats+%E2%80%93+German+and+Austrian+U-boats+of+World+War+One+%E2%80%93+Kaiserliche+Marine&rft.atitle=Submarine+carrier+Kanguroo&rft.date=2010-11-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fuboat.net%2Fwwi%2Fships_hit%2F3247.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadeira" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uboat.net/wwi/ships_hit/5841.html">"Gunboat Surprise"</a>. <i>Ships hit by U-boats – German and Austrian U-boats of World War One – Kaiserliche Marine</i>. uboat.net. 13 November 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100616021815/http://uboat.net/wwi/ships_hit/5841.html">Archived</a> from the original on 16 June 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 November</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ships+hit+by+U-boats+%E2%80%93+German+and+Austrian+U-boats+of+World+War+One+%E2%80%93+Kaiserliche+Marine&rft.atitle=Gunboat+Surprise&rft.date=2010-11-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fuboat.net%2Fwwi%2Fships_hit%2F5841.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadeira" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161018204354/http://www.madeiraislandnews.com/2016/07/a-bit-of-history.html">"A bit of History"</a>. 6 July 2016. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.madeiraislandnews.com/2016/07/a-bit-of-history.html">the original</a> on 18 October 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 October</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+bit+of+History&rft.date=2016-07-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.madeiraislandnews.com%2F2016%2F07%2Fa-bit-of-history.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadeira" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFValentiner1917" class="citation book cs1">Valentiner, Max (1917). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015035617763;view=1up;seq=132"><i>300000 tonnen versenkt! Meine U-boots-fahrten</i></a> (50. bis 100. tausend. ed.). Berlin: Ullstein & co. p. 118. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180920183612/https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015035617763;view=1up;seq=132">Archived</a> from the original on 20 September 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 January</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=300000+tonnen+versenkt%21+Meine+U-boots-fahrten&rft.place=Berlin&rft.pages=118&rft.edition=50.+bis+100.+tausend.&rft.pub=Ullstein+%26+co.&rft.date=1917&rft.aulast=Valentiner&rft.aufirst=Max&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbabel.hathitrust.org%2Fcgi%2Fpt%3Fid%3Dmdp.39015035617763%3Bview%3D1up%3Bseq%3D132&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadeira" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrandão2016" class="citation journal cs1">Brandão, Miguel (2016). "German Submarine war in Portuguese Waters: Esposende–a Smuggling Network". <i>British Journal of Military History</i>: 8. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10400.26%2F17890">10400.26/17890</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=British+Journal+of+Military+History&rft.atitle=German+Submarine+war+in+Portuguese+Waters%3A+Esposende%E2%80%93a+Smuggling+Network&rft.pages=8&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F10400.26%2F17890&rft.aulast=Brand%C3%A3o&rft.aufirst=Miguel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadeira" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1921/11/06/107032370.pdf"><i>The New York Times</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201208172702/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1921/11/06/107032370.pdf">Archived</a> 8 December 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, 6 November 1921 (accessed 4 May 2009)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100530093231/http://www.madeiraislands.travel/pls/madeira/wsmwdet0.detalhe_conteudo?p_cot_id=59&p_lingua=en&p_sub=1">"Madeira Islands Tourism"</a>. Madeiraislands.travel. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.madeiraislands.travel/pls/madeira/wsmwdet0.detalhe_conteudo?p_cot_id=59&p_lingua=en&p_sub=1">the original</a> on 30 May 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 July</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Madeira+Islands+Tourism&rft.pub=Madeiraislands.travel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.madeiraislands.travel%2Fpls%2Fmadeira%2Fwsmwdet0.detalhe_conteudo%3Fp_cot_id%3D59%26p_lingua%3Den%26p_sub%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadeira" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ribeiro et al., 1996</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kullberg & Kullberg, 2000</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.peakbagger.com/range.aspx?rid=6601">"Madeira - Peakbagger.com"</a>. <i>www.peakbagger.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240401214803/https://www.peakbagger.com/range.aspx?rid=6601">Archived</a> from the original on 1 April 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 April</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.peakbagger.com&rft.atitle=Madeira+-+Peakbagger.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.peakbagger.com%2Frange.aspx%3Frid%3D6601&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadeira" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://visitmadeira.com/en/where-to-go/madeira/madeira-peaks/">"Madeira Peaks - Visit Madeira | Madeira Islands Tourism Board official website"</a>. <i>visitmadeira.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240401214803/https://visitmadeira.com/en/where-to-go/madeira/madeira-peaks/">Archived</a> from the original on 1 April 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 April</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=visitmadeira.com&rft.atitle=Madeira+Peaks+-+Visit+Madeira+%7C+Madeira+Islands+Tourism+Board+official+website&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvisitmadeira.com%2Fen%2Fwhere-to-go%2Fmadeira%2Fmadeira-peaks%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadeira" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.discoveringmadeira.com/madeira-peaks">"Madeira Peaks"</a>. <i>Discovering Madeira</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240401214803/http://www.discoveringmadeira.com/madeira-peaks">Archived</a> from the original on 1 April 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 April</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Discovering+Madeira&rft.atitle=Madeira+Peaks&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.discoveringmadeira.com%2Fmadeira-peaks&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadeira" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarracedoTroll2021" class="citation cs2">Carracedo, Juan Carlos; Troll, Valentin R. (1 January 2021), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780081029084000278">"North-East Atlantic Islands: The Macaronesian Archipelagos"</a>, in Alderton, David; Elias, Scott A. (eds.), <i>Encyclopedia of Geology (Second Edition)</i>, Oxford: Academic Press, pp. 674–699, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fb978-0-08-102908-4.00027-8">10.1016/b978-0-08-102908-4.00027-8</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-08-102909-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-08-102909-1"><bdi>978-0-08-102909-1</bdi></a>, <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:226588940">226588940</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210121212110/https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780081029084000278">archived</a> from the original on 21 January 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 March</span> 2021</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=North-East+Atlantic+Islands%3A+The+Macaronesian+Archipelagos&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Geology+%28Second+Edition%29&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=674-699&rft.pub=Academic+Press&rft.date=2021-01-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A226588940%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fb978-0-08-102908-4.00027-8&rft.isbn=978-0-08-102909-1&rft.aulast=Carracedo&rft.aufirst=Juan+Carlos&rft.au=Troll%2C+Valentin+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2Fpii%2FB9780081029084000278&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadeira" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Geldemacher et al., 2000</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ribeiro, 2001</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GVP-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-GVP_61-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GVP_61-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://volcano.si.edu/volcano.cfm?vn=382120">"Madeira"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Global_Volcanism_Program" title="Global Volcanism Program">Global Volcanism Program</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Institution" title="Smithsonian Institution">Smithsonian Institution</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Global+Volcanism+Program&rft.atitle=Madeira&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvolcano.si.edu%2Fvolcano.cfm%3Fvn%3D382120&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadeira" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100731015932/http://www.madeirahelp.com/madeira_geography">"MadeiraHelp.com"</a>. MadeiraHelp.com. 22 February 1999. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.madeirahelp.com/madeira_geography">the original</a> on 31 July 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 July</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=MadeiraHelp.com&rft.pub=MadeiraHelp.com&rft.date=1999-02-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.madeirahelp.com%2Fmadeira_geography&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadeira" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Robert White, 1851, p. 4</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.globalbioclimatics.org/form/tb_med.htm">"Mapas bioclimáticos y biogeográficos"</a>. <i>Globalbioclimatics.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171014103938/http://www.globalbioclimatics.org/form/tb_med.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 14 October 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Globalbioclimatics.org&rft.atitle=Mapas+bioclim%C3%A1ticos+y+biogeogr%C3%A1ficos&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalbioclimatics.org%2Fform%2Ftb_med.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadeira" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ipma.pt/pt/oclima/normais.clima/1971-2000/#535">"Precipitation of Madeira Island"</a>. <a href="/wiki/IPMA" class="mw-redirect" title="IPMA">IPMA</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200926152417/http://www.ipma.pt/pt/oclima/normais.clima/1971-2000/#535">Archived</a> from the original on 26 September 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Precipitation+of+Madeira+Island&rft.pub=IPMA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ipma.pt%2Fpt%2Foclima%2Fnormais.clima%2F1971-2000%2F%23535&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadeira" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.meteo.pt/pt/oclima/normais.clima/1981-2010/009/">"Weather Information for Funchal"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121113054132/http://www.meteo.pt/pt/oclima/normais.clima/1981-2010/009/">Archived</a> from the original on 13 November 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Weather+Information+for+Funchal&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.meteo.pt%2Fpt%2Foclima%2Fnormais.clima%2F1981-2010%2F009%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadeira" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NOAA-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NOAA_67-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/normals/WMO/1961-1990/RA-I/PA/08522.TXT">"Funchal Climate Normals 1961–1990"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration" title="National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration">National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240317190338/https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/normals/WMO/1961-1990/RA-I/PA/08522.TXT">Archived</a> from the original on 17 March 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 March</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Funchal+Climate+Normals+1961%E2%80%931990&rft.pub=National+Oceanic+and+Atmospheric+Administration&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncei.noaa.gov%2Fpub%2Fdata%2Fnormals%2FWMO%2F1961-1990%2FRA-I%2FPA%2F08522.TXT&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadeira" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opendata.dwd.de/climate_environment/CDC/observations_global/CLIMAT/monthly/qc/sunshine_duration/historical/08522_198606_201712.txt">"Monthly Averages for Funchal"</a>. DwD. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220525163946/https://opendata.dwd.de/climate_environment/CDC/observations_global/CLIMAT/monthly/qc/sunshine_duration/historical/08522_198606_201712.txt">Archived</a> from the original on 25 May 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Monthly+Averages+for+Funchal&rft.pub=DwD&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopendata.dwd.de%2Fclimate_environment%2FCDC%2Fobservations_global%2FCLIMAT%2Fmonthly%2Fqc%2Fsunshine_duration%2Fhistorical%2F08522_198606_201712.txt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadeira" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opendata.dwd.de/climate_environment/CDC/observations_global/CLIMAT/monthly/qc/sunshine_duration/recent/08522.txt">"Monthly Averages for Funchal"</a>. DwD. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230720150950/https://opendata.dwd.de/climate_environment/CDC/observations_global/CLIMAT/monthly/qc/sunshine_duration/recent/08522.txt">Archived</a> from the original on 20 July 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Monthly+Averages+for+Funchal&rft.pub=DwD&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopendata.dwd.de%2Fclimate_environment%2FCDC%2Fobservations_global%2FCLIMAT%2Fmonthly%2Fqc%2Fsunshine_duration%2Frecent%2F08522.txt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadeira" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGóis-MarquesMadeiraMenezes_de_Sequeira2017" class="citation journal cs1">Góis-Marques, Carlos A.; Madeira, José; Menezes de Sequeira, Miguel (7 February 2017). "Inventory and review of the Mio–Pleistocene São Jorge flora (Madeira Island, Portugal): palaeoecological and biogeographical implications". <i>Journal of Systematic Palaeontology</i>. <b>16</b> (2): 159–177. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F14772019.2017.1282991">10.1080/14772019.2017.1282991</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10400.13%2F4191">10400.13/4191</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:132935444">132935444</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Systematic+Palaeontology&rft.atitle=Inventory+and+review+of+the+Mio%E2%80%93Pleistocene+S%C3%A3o+Jorge+flora+%28Madeira+Island%2C+Portugal%29%3A+palaeoecological+and+biogeographical+implications&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=159-177&rft.date=2017-02-07&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F10400.13%2F4191&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A132935444%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F14772019.2017.1282991&rft.aulast=G%C3%B3is-Marques&rft.aufirst=Carlos+A.&rft.au=Madeira%2C+Jos%C3%A9&rft.au=Menezes+de+Sequeira%2C+Miguel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadeira" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IUCN-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-IUCN_71-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFernandes,_F.2011" class="citation journal cs1">Fernandes, F. (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/162250/5564173">"<i>Jasminum azoricum</i>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List">IUCN Red List of Threatened Species</a></i>. <b>2011</b>: e.T162250A5564173. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2305%2FIUCN.UK.2011-1.RLTS.T162250A5564173.en">10.2305/IUCN.UK.2011-1.RLTS.T162250A5564173.en</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 November</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IUCN+Red+List+of+Threatened+Species&rft.atitle=Jasminum+azoricum&rft.volume=2011&rft.pages=e.T162250A5564173&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2305%2FIUCN.UK.2011-1.RLTS.T162250A5564173.en&rft.au=Fernandes%2C+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iucnredlist.org%2Fspecies%2F162250%2F5564173&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadeira" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Madeiran_wall_lizard_Collins2-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Madeiran_wall_lizard_Collins2_72-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Madeiran_wall_lizard_Collins2_72-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArnold,_E._NicholasOvenden2002" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-interwiki-linked-name"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_Nicholas_Arnold" class="extiw" title="fr:Edwin Nicholas Arnold">Arnold, E. Nicholas</a> <span class="cs1-format">[in French]</span>; Ovenden, Denys W. (2002). <i>Field Guide: Reptiles & Amphibians of Britain & Europe</i>. London: Collins & Co. pp. 154–155. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780002199643" title="Special:BookSources/9780002199643"><bdi>9780002199643</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Field+Guide%3A+Reptiles+%26+Amphibians+of+Britain+%26+Europe&rft.pages=154-155&rft.pub=London%3A+Collins+%26+Co.&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=9780002199643&rft.au=Arnold%2C+E.+Nicholas&rft.au=Ovenden%2C+Denys+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadeira" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAssociation2017" class="citation news cs1">Association, Press (8 August 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2017/aug/09/bristol-zoo-gives-rare-spiders-a-leg-up-with-breeding-programme">"Bristol zoo gives rare spiders a leg-up with breeding programme"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 November</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Bristol+zoo+gives+rare+spiders+a+leg-up+with+breeding+programme&rft.date=2017-08-08&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft.aulast=Association&rft.aufirst=Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fenvironment%2F2017%2Faug%2F09%2Fbristol-zoo-gives-rare-spiders-a-leg-up-with-breeding-programme&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadeira" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlcoverPieperPereiraRando2015" class="citation journal cs1">Alcover, J.; Pieper, H.; Pereira, Fernando; Rando, J. (2015). "Five new extinct species of rails (Aves: Gruiformes: Rallidae) from the Macaronesian Islands (North Atlantic Ocean)". <i>Zootaxa</i>. <b>4057</b> (2): 151–190. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.11646%2Fzootaxa.4057.2.1">10.11646/zootaxa.4057.2.1</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26701473">26701473</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Zootaxa&rft.atitle=Five+new+extinct+species+of+rails+%28Aves%3A+Gruiformes%3A+Rallidae%29+from+the+Macaronesian+Islands+%28North+Atlantic+Ocean%29&rft.volume=4057&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=151-190&rft.date=2015&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.11646%2Fzootaxa.4057.2.1&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F26701473&rft.aulast=Alcover&rft.aufirst=J.&rft.au=Pieper%2C+H.&rft.au=Pereira%2C+Fernando&rft.au=Rando%2C+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadeira" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRandoAlcoverPieperOlson2020" class="citation journal cs1">Rando, Juan C.; Alcover, Josep A.; Pieper, Harald; Olson, Storrs L.; Hernández, C. Nayra; López-Jurado, L. Felipe (April 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fzoolinnean%2Fzlz107">"Unforeseen diversity of quails (Galliformes: Phasianidae: <i>Coturnix</i>) in oceanic islands provided by the fossil record of Macaronesia"</a>. <i>Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society</i>. <b>188</b> (4): 1296–1317. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fzoolinnean%2Fzlz107">10.1093/zoolinnean/zlz107</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Zoological+Journal+of+the+Linnean+Society&rft.atitle=Unforeseen+diversity+of+quails+%28Galliformes%3A+Phasianidae%3A+Coturnix%29+in+oceanic+islands+provided+by+the+fossil+record+of+Macaronesia&rft.volume=188&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=1296-1317&rft.date=2020-04&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fzoolinnean%2Fzlz107&rft.aulast=Rando&rft.aufirst=Juan+C.&rft.au=Alcover%2C+Josep+A.&rft.au=Pieper%2C+Harald&rft.au=Olson%2C+Storrs+L.&rft.au=Hern%C3%A1ndez%2C+C.+Nayra&rft.au=L%C3%B3pez-Jurado%2C+L.+Felipe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1093%252Fzoolinnean%252Fzlz107&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadeira" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pieper, H. (1985). The fossil land birds of Madeira and Porto Santo. Bocagiana. Museu de História Natural do Funchal, N</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFörsterMathiasBritton-DavidianSearle2013" class="citation journal cs1">Förster, D. W.; Mathias; Britton-Davidian, J.; Searle (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3607181">"Origin of the chromosomal radiation of Madeiran house mice: a microsatellite analysis of metacentric chromosomes"</a>. <i>Heredity</i>. <b>110</b> (4): 380–388. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fhdy.2012.107">10.1038/hdy.2012.107</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3607181">3607181</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23232832">23232832</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Heredity&rft.atitle=Origin+of+the+chromosomal+radiation+of+Madeiran+house+mice%3A+a+microsatellite+analysis+of+metacentric+chromosomes&rft.volume=110&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=380-388&rft.date=2013&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3607181%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F23232832&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fhdy.2012.107&rft.aulast=F%C3%B6rster&rft.aufirst=D.+W.&rft.au=Mathias&rft.au=Britton-Davidian%2C+J.&rft.au=Searle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3607181&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadeira" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCornish-Bowden2016" class="citation book cs1">Cornish-Bowden, A. (2016). <i>Biochemical Evolution: the Pursuit of Perfection</i> (2 ed.). Garland Science. pp. 43–44. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8153-4552-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8153-4552-7"><bdi>978-0-8153-4552-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Biochemical+Evolution%3A+the+Pursuit+of+Perfection&rft.pages=43-44&rft.edition=2&rft.pub=Garland+Science&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-0-8153-4552-7&rft.aulast=Cornish-Bowden&rft.aufirst=A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadeira" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHancock2000" class="citation news cs1">Hancock, Matthew (13 November 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/destinations/europe/portugal/madeira/722931/Madeira-Walking-a-heavenly-tightrope.html">"Madeira: Walking a heavenly tightrope"</a>. <i>Telegraph Travel</i>. Telegraph Media Group. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180520132532/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/destinations/europe/portugal/madeira/722931/Madeira-Walking-a-heavenly-tightrope.html">Archived</a> from the original on 20 May 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 May</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Telegraph+Travel&rft.atitle=Madeira%3A+Walking+a+heavenly+tightrope&rft.date=2000-11-13&rft.aulast=Hancock&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Ftravel%2Fdestinations%2Feurope%2Fportugal%2Fmadeira%2F722931%2FMadeira-Walking-a-heavenly-tightrope.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadeira" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCentre" class="citation web cs1">Centre, UNESCO World Heritage. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/6230/">"Levadas of Madeira Island – UNESCO World Heritage Centre"</a>. UNESCO. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171020135344/http://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/6230/">Archived</a> from the original on 20 October 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 October</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Levadas+of+Madeira+Island+%E2%80%93+UNESCO+World+Heritage+Centre&rft.pub=UNESCO&rft.aulast=Centre&rft.aufirst=UNESCO+World+Heritage&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwhc.unesco.org%2Fen%2Ftentativelists%2F6230%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadeira" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSecção_Regional_da_Madeira2011" class="citation web cs1">Secção Regional da Madeira, Tribunal de Contas (5 February 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190406161137/https://www.tcontas.pt/pt/actos/rel_auditoria/2011/srmtc/audit-srmtc-rel006-2011-fc.pdf">"Relatório n.º 6/2011-FC/SRMTC"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>tcontas.pt/index.shtm</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tcontas.pt/pt/actos/rel_auditoria/2011/srmtc/audit-srmtc-rel006-2011-fc.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 6 April 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=tcontas.pt%2Findex.shtm&rft.atitle=Relat%C3%B3rio+n.%C2%BA+6%2F2011-FC%2FSRMTC&rft.date=2011-02-05&rft.aulast=Sec%C3%A7%C3%A3o+Regional+da+Madeira&rft.aufirst=Tribunal+de+Contas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tcontas.pt%2Fpt%2Factos%2Frel_auditoria%2F2011%2Fsrmtc%2Faudit-srmtc-rel006-2011-fc.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadeira" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAPCA" class="citation web cs1">APCA, Aprender Madeira. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190406161058/http://aprenderamadeira.net/politicas-ecologicas/">"Políticas Ecológicas"</a>. <i>Aprender Madeira</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aprenderamadeira.net/politicas-ecologicas/">the original</a> on 6 April 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Aprender+Madeira&rft.atitle=Pol%C3%ADticas+Ecol%C3%B3gicas&rft.aulast=APCA&rft.aufirst=Aprender+Madeira&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Faprenderamadeira.net%2Fpoliticas-ecologicas%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadeira" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ConstP-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ConstP_83-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">"Art.255", <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.parlamento.pt/Legislacao/Documents/constpt2005.pdf"><i>Constituição da República Portuguesa</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in Portuguese) (VII Revisão Constituicional ed.), Lisbon, Portugal, 2005, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090521072711/http://www.parlamento.pt/Legislacao/Documents/constpt2005.pdf">archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 21 May 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 August</span> 2005</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Art.255&rft.btitle=Constitui%C3%A7%C3%A3o+da+Rep%C3%BAblica+Portuguesa&rft.place=Lisbon%2C+Portugal&rft.edition=VII+Revis%C3%A3o+Constituicional&rft.date=2005&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.parlamento.pt%2FLegislacao%2FDocuments%2Fconstpt2005.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadeira" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Citation" title="Template:Citation">citation</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Article_349_of_TFEU-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Article_349_of_TFEU_84-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wikisophia.org/index.php?title=Consolidated_version_of_the_Treaty_on_the_Functioning_of_the_European_Union/Part_Seven:_General_and_Final_Provisions">Article 349</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged April 2024">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup> of the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_on_the_Functioning_of_the_European_Union" title="Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union">Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.exercito.pt/pt/quem-somos/organizacao/ceme/cft/zmm">"Quartel-General da Zona Militar da Madeira"</a>. <i>Portuguese Army</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230724122607/https://www.exercito.pt/pt/quem-somos/organizacao/ceme/cft/zmm">Archived</a> from the original on 24 July 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Portuguese+Army&rft.atitle=Quartel-General+da+Zona+Militar+da+Madeira&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.exercito.pt%2Fpt%2Fquem-somos%2Forganizacao%2Fceme%2Fcft%2Fzmm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadeira" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.exercito.pt/pt/quem-somos/organizacao/ceme/cft/zmm/rg3">"Regimento de Guarnição N.º 3"</a>. <i>Portuguese Army</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230724213913/https://www.exercito.pt/pt/quem-somos/organizacao/ceme/cft/zmm/rg3">Archived</a> from the original on 24 July 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Portuguese+Army&rft.atitle=Regimento+de+Guarni%C3%A7%C3%A3o+N.%C2%BA+3&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.exercito.pt%2Fpt%2Fquem-somos%2Forganizacao%2Fceme%2Fcft%2Fzmm%2Frg3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadeira" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marinha.pt/pt/os_meios/patrulhas/Paginas/NRP-TEJO.aspx">"NRP TEJO"</a>. <i>Portuguese Navy</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230126223642/https://www.marinha.pt/pt/os_meios/patrulhas/Paginas/NRP-TEJO.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on 26 January 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Portuguese+Navy&rft.atitle=NRP+TEJO&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.marinha.pt%2Fpt%2Fos_meios%2Fpatrulhas%2FPaginas%2FNRP-TEJO.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadeira" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marinha.pt/pt/os_meios/patrulhas/Paginas/NRP-MONDEGO.aspx">"NRP MONDEGO"</a>. <i>Portuguese Navy</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230920120135/https://www.marinha.pt/pt/os_meios/patrulhas/Paginas/NRP-MONDEGO.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on 20 September 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Portuguese+Navy&rft.atitle=NRP+MONDEGO&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.marinha.pt%2Fpt%2Fos_meios%2Fpatrulhas%2FPaginas%2FNRP-MONDEGO.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadeira" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marinha.pt/pt/os_meios/lanchas/Paginas/default.aspx">"Lanchas"</a>. <i>Portuguese Navy</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230724212607/https://www.marinha.pt/pt/os_meios/lanchas/Paginas/default.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on 24 July 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Portuguese+Navy&rft.atitle=Lanchas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.marinha.pt%2Fpt%2Fos_meios%2Flanchas%2FPaginas%2Fdefault.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadeira" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marinha.pt/pt/os_meios/patrulhasoceanicos/Paginas/nrp-figueira-foz.aspx">"NRP Figueira da Foz"</a>. <i>Portuguese Navy</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230531033816/https://www.marinha.pt/pt/os_meios/patrulhasoceanicos/Paginas/nrp-figueira-foz.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on 31 May 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Portuguese+Navy&rft.atitle=NRP+Figueira+da+Foz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.marinha.pt%2Fpt%2Fos_meios%2Fpatrulhasoceanicos%2FPaginas%2Fnrp-figueira-foz.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadeira" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.emfa.pt/unidade-60-aerodromo-de-manobra-n-3">"AERÓDROMO DE MANOBRA N.º 3"</a>. <i>Portuguese Air Force</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230723155927/https://www.emfa.pt/unidade-60-aerodromo-de-manobra-n-3">Archived</a> from the original on 23 July 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Portuguese+Air+Force&rft.atitle=AER%C3%93DROMO+DE+MANOBRA+N.%C2%BA+3&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.emfa.pt%2Funidade-60-aerodromo-de-manobra-n-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadeira" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.freguesiasdeportugal.com/distritos_portugal/madeira.htm">Map of municipalities</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090501002928/http://www.freguesiasdeportugal.com/distritos_portugal/madeira.htm">Archived</a> 1 May 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> at FreguesiasDePortugas l.com</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-INE-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-INE_93-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ine.pt/xportal/xmain?xpid=INE&xpgid=ine_indicadores&contecto=pi&indOcorrCod=0010745&selTab=tab0">"Censos 2021 Resultados Preliminares 2021"</a>. INE. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230604164910/https://www.ine.pt/xportal/xmain?xpid=INE&xpgid=ine_indicadores&contecto=pi&indOcorrCod=0010745&selTab=tab0">Archived</a> from the original on 4 June 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 August</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Censos+2021+Resultados+Preliminares+2021&rft.pub=INE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ine.pt%2Fxportal%2Fxmain%3Fxpid%3DINE%26xpgid%3Dine_indicadores%26contecto%3Dpi%26indOcorrCod%3D0010745%26selTab%3Dtab0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadeira" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Statistics include <a href="/wiki/Savage_Islands" title="Savage Islands">Savage Islands</a>, which are administered by the parish of <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9_(Funchal)" title="Sé (Funchal)">Sé</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Statistics include the mainland parish of Santa Cruz and the islands of the <a href="/wiki/Desertas_Islands" title="Desertas Islands">Desertas</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Statistics represent island population; Porto Santo is the second largest island in the archipelago of Madeira</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Funchal_:0-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Funchal_:0_97-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Funchal_:0_97-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pianc-jp.org/news/images/19_e_l_o_2013MedDays_PIANC_Brogueira_long.pdf">"Cruise tourism in Portugal | PIANC Mediterranean Days"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150112152747/http://pianc-jp.org/news/images/19_e_l_o_2013MedDays_PIANC_Brogueira_long.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 12 January 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 April</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cruise+tourism+in+Portugal+%7C+PIANC+Mediterranean+Days&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpianc-jp.org%2Fnews%2Fimages%2F19_e_l_o_2013MedDays_PIANC_Brogueira_long.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadeira" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100531222502/http://www.ceha-madeira.net/livros/infante.html">"Alberto CEHA: Madeira] Vieira, <i>O Infante e a Madeira: dúvidas e certezas, Centro Estudos História Atlântico"</i></a><i>. Ceha-madeira.net. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ceha-madeira.net/livros/infante.html">the original</a> on 31 May 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 July</span> 2010</span>.</i></cite><i><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Alberto+CEHA%3A+Madeira%5D+Vieira%2C+O+Infante+e+a+Madeira%3A+d%C3%BAvidas+e+certezas%2C+Centro+Estudos+Hist%C3%B3ria+Atl%C3%A2ntico&rft.pub=Ceha-madeira.net&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ceha-madeira.net%2Flivros%2Finfante.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadeira" class="Z3988"></span></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uwispace.sta.uwi.edu/dspace/bitstream/handle/2139/38296/1420673.pdf?sequence=1">Madeiran Portuguese Migration to Guyana, St. Vincent, Antigua and Trinidad as well as South Africa: A Comparative Overview</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160806153041/http://uwispace.sta.uwi.edu/dspace/bitstream/handle/2139/38296/1420673.pdf?sequence=1">Archived</a> 6 August 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>" (PDF). Jo-Anne S. Ferreira, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.madeira-a-z.com/what-to-do/emigration.html">Madeira and Emigration</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160801152515/http://www.madeira-a-z.com/what-to-do/emigration.html">Archived</a> 1 August 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.guyana.org/special/portuguese.html">Portuguese emigration from Madeira to British Guiana</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130918073124/http://www.guyana.org/special/portuguese.html">Archived</a> 18 September 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Library_of_Congress_Hawaii-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Library_of_Congress_Hawaii_102-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/rr/hispanic/portam/chron4.html">"Portuguese Immigrants in the United States: Chronology, 1900–1919"</a>. Library of Congress. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180206023025/http://www.loc.gov/rr/hispanic/portam/chron4.html">Archived</a> from the original on 6 February 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Portuguese+Immigrants+in+the+United+States%3A+Chronology%2C+1900%E2%80%931919&rft.pub=Library+of+Congress&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.loc.gov%2Frr%2Fhispanic%2Fportam%2Fchron4.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadeira" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/rr/hispanic/portam/exiles.html">"Protestant Exiles from Madeira in Illinois"</a>. <i>loc.gov</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171109082430/http://www.loc.gov/rr/hispanic/portam/exiles.html">Archived</a> from the original on 9 November 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=loc.gov&rft.atitle=Protestant+Exiles+from+Madeira+in+Illinois&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.loc.gov%2Frr%2Fhispanic%2Fportam%2Fexiles.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadeira" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150116082621/http://www.orgsites.com/il/jaghs/_pgg5.php3">"Portuguese Immigration To Jacksonville in 1849"</a>. <i>orgsites.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.orgsites.com/il/jaghs/_pgg5.php3">the original</a> on 16 January 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 January</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=orgsites.com&rft.atitle=Portuguese+Immigration+To+Jacksonville+in+1849&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.orgsites.com%2Fil%2Fjaghs%2F_pgg5.php3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadeira" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=z1M0AQAAMAAJ&q=Gonsalves+Illinois+portuguese&pg=PA580">"History of Sangamon County, Illinois"</a>. 1881. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201208172703/https://books.google.com/books?id=z1M0AQAAMAAJ&q=Gonsalves+Illinois+portuguese&pg=PA580">Archived</a> from the original on 8 December 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+of+Sangamon+County%2C+Illinois&rft.date=1881&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dz1M0AQAAMAAJ%26q%3DGonsalves%2BIllinois%2Bportuguese%26pg%3DPA580&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadeira" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBatemanSelby1906" class="citation book cs1">Bateman, Newton; Selby, Paul (1906). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historicalency2bate"><i>Historical Encyclopedia of Illinois</i></a>. Munsell Publishing Company. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historicalency2bate/page/678">678</a>. <q>The Portuguese Colony.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Encyclopedia+of+Illinois&rft.pages=678&rft.pub=Munsell+Publishing+Company&rft.date=1906&rft.aulast=Bateman&rft.aufirst=Newton&rft.au=Selby%2C+Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoricalency2bate&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadeira" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=viQQAAAAIAAJ&q=Gonsalves+Illinois+portuguese&pg=PA26">"The Christian World"</a>. 1850. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201208172704/https://books.google.com/books?id=viQQAAAAIAAJ&q=Gonsalves+Illinois+portuguese&pg=PA26">Archived</a> from the original on 8 December 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Christian+World&rft.date=1850&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DviQQAAAAIAAJ%26q%3DGonsalves%2BIllinois%2Bportuguese%26pg%3DPA26&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadeira" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/jersey/voices/funchal.shtml">BBC – Jersey Voices</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150925065410/http://www.bbc.co.uk/jersey/voices/funchal.shtml">Archived</a> 25 September 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_109-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_109-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_109-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDinneen2015" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Dinneen, Mark (1 June 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ve.scielo.org/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&pid=S1012-70892015000100003&lng=es&nrm=iso&tlng=es">"El transnacionalismo de los inmigrantes: los portugueses y luso-venezolanos en Caracas"</a>. <i>Terra</i> (in Spanish). <b>31</b> (49): 49–69. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1012-7089">1012-7089</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230603111020/http://ve.scielo.org/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&pid=S1012-70892015000100003&lng=es&nrm=iso&tlng=es">Archived</a> from the original on 3 June 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 June</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Terra&rft.atitle=El+transnacionalismo+de+los+inmigrantes%3A+los+portugueses+y+luso-venezolanos+en+Caracas&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=49&rft.pages=49-69&rft.date=2015-06-01&rft.issn=1012-7089&rft.aulast=Dinneen&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fve.scielo.org%2Fscielo.php%3Fscript%3Dsci_abstract%26pid%3DS1012-70892015000100003%26lng%3Des%26nrm%3Diso%26tlng%3Des&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadeira" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://estatistica.madeira.gov.pt/en/download-now-3/social-gb/popcondsoc-gb/demografia-gb/demografia-noticias-gb/4203-27-10-2023-drem-releases-the-publication-demographic-statistics-of-the-autonomous-region-of-madeira-2022-and-updated-the-time-series.html">"27-10-2023 - DREM releases the publication "Demographic Statistics of the Autonomous Region of Madeira 2022" and updated the time series"</a>. <i>estatistica.madeira.gov.pt</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240319150029/https://estatistica.madeira.gov.pt/en/download-now-3/social-gb/popcondsoc-gb/demografia-gb/demografia-noticias-gb/4203-27-10-2023-drem-releases-the-publication-demographic-statistics-of-the-autonomous-region-of-madeira-2022-and-updated-the-time-series.html">Archived</a> from the original on 19 March 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=estatistica.madeira.gov.pt&rft.atitle=27-10-2023+-+DREM+releases+the+publication+%22Demographic+Statistics+of+the+Autonomous+Region+of+Madeira+2022%22+and+updated+the+time+series&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Festatistica.madeira.gov.pt%2Fen%2Fdownload-now-3%2Fsocial-gb%2Fpopcondsoc-gb%2Fdemografia-gb%2Fdemografia-noticias-gb%2F4203-27-10-2023-drem-releases-the-publication-demographic-statistics-of-the-autonomous-region-of-madeira-2022-and-updated-the-time-series.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadeira" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPearls2024" class="citation web cs1">Pearls, of Portugal (12 February 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pearlsofportugal.com/living-in-portugal/madeira-island-portugal-atlantic-pearl/">"Madeira: Get to know Portugal's Atlantic Pearl"</a>. <i>The best of Portugal on one site</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240319150028/https://www.pearlsofportugal.com/living-in-portugal/madeira-island-portugal-atlantic-pearl/">Archived</a> from the original on 19 March 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+best+of+Portugal+on+one+site&rft.atitle=Madeira%3A+Get+to+know+Portugal%27s+Atlantic+Pearl&rft.date=2024-02-12&rft.aulast=Pearls&rft.aufirst=of+Portugal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pearlsofportugal.com%2Fliving-in-portugal%2Fmadeira-island-portugal-atlantic-pearl%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadeira" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/2995521/10474907/1-05032020-AP-EN.pdf/81807e19-e4c8-2e53-c98a-933f5bf30f58">"Regional GDP per capita ranged from 30% to 263% of the EU average in 2018"</a>. <i>Eurostat</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200417095003/https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/2995521/10474907/1-05032020-AP-EN.pdf/81807e19-e4c8-2e53-c98a-933f5bf30f58">Archived</a> from the original on 17 April 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Eurostat&rft.atitle=Regional+GDP+per+capita+ranged+from+30%25+to+263%25+of+the+EU+average+in+2018&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fec.europa.eu%2Feurostat%2Fdocuments%2F2995521%2F10474907%2F1-05032020-AP-EN.pdf%2F81807e19-e4c8-2e53-c98a-933f5bf30f58&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadeira" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theportugalnews.com/news/2022-05-08/madeira-bitcoin-adoption-announced/66857">"Madeira Bitcoin adoption announced"</a>. <i>The Portugal News</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231004035354/https://www.theportugalnews.com/news/2022-05-08/madeira-bitcoin-adoption-announced/66857">Archived</a> from the original on 4 October 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Portugal+News&rft.atitle=Madeira+Bitcoin+adoption+announced&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theportugalnews.com%2Fnews%2F2022-05-08%2Fmadeira-bitcoin-adoption-announced%2F66857&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadeira" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibc-madeira.com/about_ibc.aspx?ID=51">"International Business Centre of Madeira – About IBC"</a>. <i>ibc-madeira.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140117073225/http://www.ibc-madeira.com/about_ibc.aspx?ID=51">Archived</a> from the original on 17 January 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 January</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ibc-madeira.com&rft.atitle=International+Business+Centre+of+Madeira+%E2%80%93+About+IBC&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibc-madeira.com%2Fabout_ibc.aspx%3FID%3D51&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadeira" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFreeman2012" class="citation news cs1">Freeman, Colin (7 April 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/portugal/9191749/Billions-of-euros-of-EU-money-yet-Madeira-has-built-up-massive-debts.html">"Billions of euros of EU money yet Madeira has built up massive debts"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160810080943/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/portugal/9191749/Billions-of-euros-of-EU-money-yet-Madeira-has-built-up-massive-debts.html">Archived</a> from the original on 10 August 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 July</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Billions+of+euros+of+EU+money+yet+Madeira+has+built+up+massive+debts&rft.date=2012-04-07&rft.aulast=Freeman&rft.aufirst=Colin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworldnews%2Feurope%2Fportugal%2F9191749%2FBillions-of-euros-of-EU-money-yet-Madeira-has-built-up-massive-debts.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadeira" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.moodys.com/research/Moodys-changes-outlook-to-positive-on-the-ratings-of-Azores--PR_371628">"Moody's changes outlook to positive on the ratings of Azores and Madeira; ratings affirmed"</a>. Moody's. 5 September 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180319085134/https://www.moodys.com/research/Moodys-changes-outlook-to-positive-on-the-ratings-of-Azores--PR_371628">Archived</a> from the original on 19 March 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Moody%27s+changes+outlook+to+positive+on+the+ratings+of+Azores+and+Madeira%3B+ratings+affirmed&rft.pub=Moody%27s&rft.date=2017-09-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.moodys.com%2Fresearch%2FMoodys-changes-outlook-to-positive-on-the-ratings-of-Azores--PR_371628&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadeira" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lonelyplanet.com/portugal/madeira">"Madeira travel"</a>. <i>Lonely Planet</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230408172612/https://www.lonelyplanet.com/portugal/madeira">Archived</a> from the original on 8 April 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Lonely+Planet&rft.atitle=Madeira+travel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lonelyplanet.com%2Fportugal%2Fmadeira&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadeira" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGovan2010" class="citation news cs1">Govan, Fiona (23 February 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/portugal/7301442/Madeira-floods-tourists-urged-not-to-cancel-holidays.html">"Telegraph article"</a>. <i>The Daily Telegraph</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150402135257/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/portugal/7301442/Madeira-floods-tourists-urged-not-to-cancel-holidays.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2 April 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Telegraph+article&rft.date=2010-02-23&rft.aulast=Govan&rft.aufirst=Fiona&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworldnews%2Feurope%2Fportugal%2F7301442%2FMadeira-floods-tourists-urged-not-to-cancel-holidays.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadeira" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100805142224/http://estatistica.gov-madeira.pt/DRE_SRPC/EmFoco/Servicos/Turismo/emfoco.pdf">"Statistics from DRE of Madeira tourism (2008)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://estatistica.gov-madeira.pt/DRE_SRPC/EmFoco/Servicos/Turismo/emfoco.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 5 August 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 July</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Statistics+from+DRE+of+Madeira+tourism+%282008%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Festatistica.gov-madeira.pt%2FDRE_SRPC%2FEmFoco%2FServicos%2FTurismo%2Femfoco.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadeira" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211028/I-7WOmSkjhE"><i>Sei Whale, Balaenoptera borealis off Madeira, Portugal</i></a>. 3 January 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I-7WOmSkjhE">the original</a> on 28 October 2021 – via YouTube.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sei+Whale%2C+Balaenoptera+borealis+off+Madeira%2C+Portugal&rft.date=2013-01-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DI-7WOmSkjhE&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadeira" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.madeirawindbirds.com/en/tours/madeira_half_day_dolphin_watching.html">"Madeira whale and Dolphin watching"</a>. madeirawindbirds.com. 30 August 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100826074354/http://www.madeirawindbirds.com/en/tours/madeira_half_day_dolphin_watching.html">Archived</a> from the original on 26 August 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 December</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Madeira+whale+and+Dolphin+watching&rft.pub=madeirawindbirds.com&rft.date=2010-08-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.madeirawindbirds.com%2Fen%2Ftours%2Fmadeira_half_day_dolphin_watching.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadeira" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiguelNogueiraMartins2017" class="citation journal cs1">Miguel, Miguel; Nogueira, Teresa; Martins, Florinda (1 October 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.egypro.2017.10.277">"Energy storage for renewable energy integration: the case of Madeira Island, Portugal"</a>. <i>Energy Procedia</i>. 4th International Conference on Energy and Environment Research ICEER 2017. <b>136</b>: 251–257. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EnPro.136..251M">2017EnPro.136..251M</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.egypro.2017.10.277">10.1016/j.egypro.2017.10.277</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10400.22%2F10795">10400.22/10795</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1876-6102">1876-6102</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Energy+Procedia&rft.atitle=Energy+storage+for+renewable+energy+integration%3A+the+case+of+Madeira+Island%2C+Portugal&rft.volume=136&rft.pages=251-257&rft.date=2017-10-01&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F10400.22%2F10795&rft.issn=1876-6102&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.egypro.2017.10.277&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2017EnPro.136..251M&rft.aulast=Miguel&rft.aufirst=Miguel&rft.au=Nogueira%2C+Teresa&rft.au=Martins%2C+Florinda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1016%252Fj.egypro.2017.10.277&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadeira" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation episode cs1">"Madeira". <i>Islands of the Future</i>. Season 1. Episode 2. 2014. Event occurs at 48:03. <a href="/wiki/Netflix" title="Netflix">Netflix</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Islands+of+the+Future&rft.series=Season+1.+Episode+2&rft.date=2014&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadeira" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStringer2019" class="citation web cs1">Stringer, David (3 August 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2019-08-03/a-deluge-of-batteries-is-about-to-rewire-the-power-grid">"A Deluge of Batteries Is About to Rewire the Power Grid"</a>. <i>Bloomberg</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190821030907/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2019-08-03/a-deluge-of-batteries-is-about-to-rewire-the-power-grid">Archived</a> from the original on 21 August 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bloomberg&rft.atitle=A+Deluge+of+Batteries+Is+About+to+Rewire+the+Power+Grid&rft.date=2019-08-03&rft.aulast=Stringer&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fnews%2Ffeatures%2F2019-08-03%2Fa-deluge-of-batteries-is-about-to-rewire-the-power-grid&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadeira" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCasey2018" class="citation web cs1">Casey, JP (22 February 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.power-technology.com/news/renault-aims-power-portuguese-island-entirely-renewable-energy/">"Renault aims to power Portuguese island entirely by renewable energy"</a>. <i>Power Technology | Energy News and Market Analysis</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190821002546/https://www.power-technology.com/news/renault-aims-power-portuguese-island-entirely-renewable-energy/">Archived</a> from the original on 21 August 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Power+Technology+%7C+Energy+News+and+Market+Analysis&rft.atitle=Renault+aims+to+power+Portuguese+island+entirely+by+renewable+energy&rft.date=2018-02-22&rft.aulast=Casey&rft.aufirst=JP&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.power-technology.com%2Fnews%2Frenault-aims-power-portuguese-island-entirely-renewable-energy%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadeira" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMurray2022" class="citation web cs1">Murray, Cameron (17 November 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.energy-storage.news/fluence-16-4mwh-bess-inaugurated-in-madeira-portugal/">"Fluence 16.4MWh BESS inaugurated in Madeira, Portugal"</a>. <i>Energy Storage News</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221117232258/https://www.energy-storage.news/fluence-16-4mwh-bess-inaugurated-in-madeira-portugal/">Archived</a> from the original on 17 November 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Energy+Storage+News&rft.atitle=Fluence+16.4MWh+BESS+inaugurated+in+Madeira%2C+Portugal&rft.date=2022-11-17&rft.aulast=Murray&rft.aufirst=Cameron&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.energy-storage.news%2Ffluence-16-4mwh-bess-inaugurated-in-madeira-portugal%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadeira" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-127"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_127-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_127-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_127-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_127-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_127-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_127-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.euronews.com/my-europe/2023/07/03/how-did-madeira-become-the-eus-poster-child-for-renewable-energy">"How did Madeira become the EU's poster child for renewable energy?"</a>. <i>euronews</i>. 3 July 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231029085456/https://www.euronews.com/my-europe/2023/07/03/how-did-madeira-become-the-eus-poster-child-for-renewable-energy">Archived</a> from the original on 29 October 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=euronews&rft.atitle=How+did+Madeira+become+the+EU%27s+poster+child+for+renewable+energy%3F&rft.date=2023-07-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.euronews.com%2Fmy-europe%2F2023%2F07%2F03%2Fhow-did-madeira-become-the-eus-poster-child-for-renewable-energy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadeira" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ana.pt/en-US/Aeroportos/Madeira/Funchal/Departures/DestinationsandAirlines/Pages/DestinationsandAirlines.aspx">"Madeira > Departures > Destinations and Airlines > Destinations and Airlines"</a>. July 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160811032025/http://www.ana.pt/en-US/Aeroportos/Madeira/Funchal/Departures/DestinationsandAirlines/Pages/DestinationsandAirlines.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on 11 August 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 July</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Madeira+%3E+Departures+%3E+Destinations+and+Airlines+%3E+Destinations+and+Airlines&rft.date=2016-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ana.pt%2Fen-US%2FAeroportos%2FMadeira%2FFunchal%2FDepartures%2FDestinationsandAirlines%2FPages%2FDestinationsandAirlines.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadeira" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdministrator" class="citation web cs1">Administrator. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.portosantoline.pt/">"Porto Santo Line"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160701110835/https://www.portosantoline.pt/">Archived</a> from the original on 1 July 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 July</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Porto+Santo+Line&rft.au=Administrator&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.portosantoline.pt%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadeira" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNidel2004" class="citation book cs1">Nidel, Richard (2004). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/worldmusic00rich_0/page/312"><i>World Music: The Basics</i></a></span>. Routledge. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/worldmusic00rich_0/page/312">312</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-96800-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-96800-3"><bdi>978-0-415-96800-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=World+Music%3A+The+Basics&rft.pages=312&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-415-96800-3&rft.aulast=Nidel&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fworldmusic00rich_0%2Fpage%2F312&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadeira" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoberts1926" class="citation book cs1">Roberts, Helen (1926). <i>Ancient Hawaiian Music</i>. <a href="/wiki/Bernice_P._Bishop_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Bernice P. Bishop Museum">Bernice P. Bishop Museum</a>. pp. 9–10.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ancient+Hawaiian+Music&rft.pages=9-10&rft.pub=Bernice+P.+Bishop+Museum&rft.date=1926&rft.aulast=Roberts&rft.aufirst=Helen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadeira" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKing2000" class="citation web cs1">King, John (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040803005054/http://www.ukuleleguild.org/history.php">"Prolegomena to a History of the 'Ukulele"</a>. Ukulele Guild of Hawai'i. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ukuleleguild.org/history.php">the original</a> on 3 August 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Prolegomena+to+a+History+of+the+%27Ukulele&rft.pub=Ukulele+Guild+of+Hawai%27i&rft.date=2000&rft.aulast=King&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ukuleleguild.org%2Fhistory.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadeira" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.madeirabirds.com/fish_madeira_archipelago_undersea">"Fish that can be found in Madeira Archipelago undersea"</a>. <i>Madeira Birdwatching</i>. 10 October 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180121000031/https://www.madeirabirds.com/fish_madeira_archipelago_undersea">Archived</a> from the original on 21 January 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Madeira+Birdwatching&rft.atitle=Fish+that+can+be+found+in+Madeira+Archipelago+undersea&rft.date=2006-10-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.madeirabirds.com%2Ffish_madeira_archipelago_undersea&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadeira" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-goas-134"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-goas_134-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-goas_134-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://goaskalocal.com/blog/madeiras-best-restaurants">"A Comprehensive Guide to Food and Drink in Madeira"</a>. <i>Go Ask A Local</i>. 22 September 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221219032118/https://goaskalocal.com/blog/madeiras-best-restaurants">Archived</a> from the original on 19 December 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 December</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Go+Ask+A+Local.&rft.atitle=A+Comprehensive+Guide+to+Food+and+Drink+in+Madeira&rft.date=2022-09-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgoaskalocal.com%2Fblog%2Fmadeiras-best-restaurants&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadeira" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theworldwidegourmet.com/recipes/espetada-beef-brochettes/">"Madeira Espetada"</a>. theworldwidegourmet.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080624013706/http://www.theworldwidegourmet.com/recipes/espetada-beef-brochettes/">Archived</a> from the original on 24 June 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 August</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Madeira+Espetada&rft.pub=theworldwidegourmet.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theworldwidegourmet.com%2Frecipes%2Fespetada-beef-brochettes%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadeira" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tradicional.dgadr.gov.pt/images/prod_imagens/frescos/docs/CE_Anona_Madeira.pdf">"Caderno de Especificações – Anona da Madeira – Denominação de Origem"</a> [Specification Notebook – Anona da Madeira – Denomination of Origin] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Produtos Tradicionais Portugueses</i> (in Portuguese). Agripérola, Cooperativa Agrícola CRL. 1998. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201208172714/https://tradicional.dgadr.gov.pt/images/prod_imagens/frescos/docs/CE_Anona_Madeira.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 8 December 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 March</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Produtos+Tradicionais+Portugueses&rft.atitle=Caderno+de+Especifica%C3%A7%C3%B5es+%E2%80%93+Anona+da+Madeira+%E2%80%93+Denomina%C3%A7%C3%A3o+de+Origem&rft.date=1998&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftradicional.dgadr.gov.pt%2Fimages%2Fprod_imagens%2Ffrescos%2Fdocs%2FCE_Anona_Madeira.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadeira" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tradicional.dgadr.gov.pt/pt/cat/frutos-frescos/940-anona-da-madeira-dop">"Anona da Madeira DOP"</a>. <i>Produtos Tradicionais Portugueses</i> (in Portuguese). Direção-Geral de Agricultura e Desenvolvimento Rural. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200106195935/https://tradicional.dgadr.gov.pt/pt/cat/frutos-frescos/940-anona-da-madeira-dop">Archived</a> from the original on 6 January 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 March</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Produtos+Tradicionais+Portugueses&rft.atitle=Anona+da+Madeira+DOP&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftradicional.dgadr.gov.pt%2Fpt%2Fcat%2Ffrutos-frescos%2F940-anona-da-madeira-dop&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadeira" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.visitmadeira.pt/pt-pt/o-que-fazer/eventos/pesquisa/festa-da-anona">"Festa da Anona"</a> [The Annona Festival]. <i>Visit Madeira</i> (in Portuguese). Direcção Regional do Turismo da Madeira. 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191112085936/http://www.visitmadeira.pt/pt-pt/o-que-fazer/eventos/pesquisa/festa-da-anona">Archived</a> from the original on 12 November 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 March</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Visit+Madeira&rft.atitle=Festa+da+Anona&rft.date=2019&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.visitmadeira.pt%2Fpt-pt%2Fo-que-fazer%2Feventos%2Fpesquisa%2Ffesta-da-anona&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadeira" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ecm.pt-139"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ecm.pt_139-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ecm.pt_139-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ecm.pt/en/portfolio_page/coral-branca/">"Coral Branca"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200216001416/https://www.ecm.pt/en/portfolio_page/coral-branca/">Archived</a> from the original on 16 February 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Coral+Branca&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ecm.pt%2Fen%2Fportfolio_page%2Fcoral-branca%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadeira" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sotheby_pg_340–341-140"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sotheby_pg_340–341_140-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">T. Stevenson <i>"The Sotheby's Wine Encyclopedia"</i> pg 340–341 Dorling Kindersley 2005 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7566-1324-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-7566-1324-8">0-7566-1324-8</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/consumers/product_labelling_and_packaging/l21303_en.htm">"Labelling of wine and certain other wine sector products"</a>. Europa (web portal). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110120003136/http://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/consumers/product_labelling_and_packaging/l21303_en.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 20 January 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 March</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Labelling+of+wine+and+certain+other+wine+sector+products&rft.pub=Europa+%28web+portal%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feuropa.eu%2Flegislation_summaries%2Fconsumers%2Fproduct_labelling_and_packaging%2Fl21303_en.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadeira" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Madeira: The islands and their Wines - Page 17 "The son of William Hinton, Harry Hinton was educated in England and as an 18-year-old student, brought the first football to Madeira in 1875. The first game of football in Portugal was played near the Hinton family quinta in Camacha."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-143"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-143">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.visitmadeira.pt/en-gb/madeira/did-you-know-that/the-first-football-match-in-portugal">"The first football match in Portugal"</a>. <i>Visitmadeira.pt</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211023102133/http://www.visitmadeira.pt/en-gb/madeira/did-you-know-that/the-first-football-match-in-portugal">Archived</a> from the original on 23 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Visitmadeira.pt&rft.atitle=The+first+football+match+in+Portugal&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.visitmadeira.pt%2Fen-gb%2Fmadeira%2Fdid-you-know-that%2Fthe-first-football-match-in-portugal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadeira" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-144"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-144">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.record.pt/modalidades/andebol/detalhe/madeira-sad-perde-final-da-taca-challenge-para-o-csm-bucareste">"Madeira SAD perde final da Taça Challenge para o CSM Bucareste"</a>. <i>Record.pt</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210621112355/https://www.record.pt/modalidades/andebol/detalhe/madeira-sad-perde-final-da-taca-challenge-para-o-csm-bucareste">Archived</a> from the original on 21 June 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Record.pt&rft.atitle=Madeira+SAD+perde+final+da+Ta%C3%A7a+Challenge+para+o+CSM+Bucareste&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.record.pt%2Fmodalidades%2Fandebol%2Fdetalhe%2Fmadeira-sad-perde-final-da-taca-challenge-para-o-csm-bucareste&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadeira" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-145"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-145">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.visitmadeira.pt/en-gb/what-to-do/events/search/madeira-wine-rally">"Madeira Wine Rally"</a>. <i>Visitmadeira.pt</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210917184915/http://www.visitmadeira.pt/en-gb/what-to-do/events/search/madeira-wine-rally">Archived</a> from the original on 17 September 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Visitmadeira.pt&rft.atitle=Madeira+Wine+Rally&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.visitmadeira.pt%2Fen-gb%2Fwhat-to-do%2Fevents%2Fsearch%2Fmadeira-wine-rally&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadeira" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-146"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-146">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160302141854/http://www.cm-funchal.pt/en/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=210%3Agibraltar&catid=79%3Asister-cities&Itemid=331">"Gibraltar"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cm-funchal.pt/en/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=210%3Agibraltar&catid=79%3Asister-cities&Itemid=331">the original</a> on 2 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gibraltar&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cm-funchal.pt%2Fen%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcom_content%26view%3Darticle%26id%3D210%253Agibraltar%26catid%3D79%253Asister-cities%26Itemid%3D331&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadeira" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madeira&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPitta1812" class="citation book cs1">Pitta, Nicholas Cayetano de Bettencourt (1812). <i>Account of the Island of Madeira</i>. London: C. Stewart Printer. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/2027%2Fhvd.hxjfzu">2027/hvd.hxjfzu</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Account+of+the+Island+of+Madeira&rft.place=London&rft.pub=C.+Stewart+Printer&rft.date=1812&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F2027%2Fhvd.hxjfzu&rft.aulast=Pitta&rft.aufirst=Nicholas+Cayetano+de+Bettencourt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadeira" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKoebel1909" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Koebel" title="William Henry Koebel">Koebel, William Henry</a> (1909). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/madeiraoldnew00koebuoft"><i>Madeira: Old and New</i></a>. London: Francis Griffiths.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Madeira%3A+Old+and+New&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Francis+Griffiths&rft.date=1909&rft.aulast=Koebel&rft.aufirst=William+Henry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmadeiraoldnew00koebuoft&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadeira" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDervenn1957" class="citation book cs1">Dervenn, Claude (1957). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Ph60AAAAIAAJ"><i>Madeira</i></a>. Translated by Hogarth-Gaute, Frances. London: George G. Harrap and Co.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Madeira&rft.place=London&rft.pub=George+G.+Harrap+and+Co.&rft.date=1957&rft.aulast=Dervenn&rft.aufirst=Claude&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPh60AAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadeira" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalvin2000" class="citation book cs1">Walvin, James (2000). <i>Making the Black Atlantic: Britain and the African Diaspora</i>. London: Cassell.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Making+the+Black+Atlantic%3A+Britain+and+the+African+Diaspora&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Cassell&rft.date=2000&rft.aulast=Walvin&rft.aufirst=James&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadeira" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madeira&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <b>Madeira</b> at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects"><span id="sister-projects">sister projects</span></a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/27px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/41px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/54px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Madeira" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/Madeira">Definitions</a> from Wiktionary</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Madeira" class="extiw" title="c:Madeira">Media</a> from Commons</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/27px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/41px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/54px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Special:Search/Madeira" class="extiw" title="n:Special:Search/Madeira">News</a> from Wikinews</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Madeira" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Madeira">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/39px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/51px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Madeira" class="extiw" title="s:Special:Search/Madeira">Texts</a> from Wikisource</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/27px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/41px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/54px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/Madeira" class="extiw" title="b:Special:Search/Madeira">Textbooks</a> from Wikibooks</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/27px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/41px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/54px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/Madeira" class="extiw" title="v:Special:Search/Madeira">Resources</a> from Wikiversity</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/27px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/41px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/54px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Madeira" class="extiw" title="voy:Madeira">Travel information</a> from Wikivoyage</span></li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldhistory.org/article/1756/the-portuguese-colonization-of-madeira/">World History Encyclopedia - The Portuguese Colonization of Madeira</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210521091457/https://www.worldhistory.org/article/1756/the-portuguese-colonization-of-madeira/">Archived</a> 21 May 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/16px-Gnome-globe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/24px-Gnome-globe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/32px-Gnome-globe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Atlas_of_Madeira" class="extiw" title="commons:Atlas of Madeira">Wikimedia Atlas of Madeira</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.madeira.gov.pt/">Madeira's Government Website</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181102142343/https://www.madeira.gov.pt/">Archived</a> 2 November 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Madeira"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Madeira">"Madeira" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 17 (11th ed.). 1911. pp. 280–283.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Madeira&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=280-283&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadeira" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Geographic_locale" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Geographic_locale" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Geographic locale</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_Regional_divisions_of_Portugal" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Regions_of_Portugal" title="Template:Regions of Portugal"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Regions_of_Portugal" title="Template talk:Regions of Portugal"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Regions_of_Portugal" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Regions of Portugal"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_Regional_divisions_of_Portugal" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/NUTS_statistical_regions_of_Portugal" title="NUTS statistical regions of Portugal">Regional divisions</a> of <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/North_Region,_Portugal" title="North Region, Portugal">North Region</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal;">Metropolitan areas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Porto_metropolitan_area" title="Porto metropolitan area">Porto</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal;">Intermunicipal communities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alto_Minho" title="Alto Minho">Alto Minho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alto_T%C3%A2mega" title="Alto Tâmega">Alto Tâmega</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ave_(intermunicipal_community)" title="Ave (intermunicipal community)">Ave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A1vado_(intermunicipal_community)" title="Cávado (intermunicipal community)">Cávado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douro_(intermunicipal_community)" title="Douro (intermunicipal community)">Douro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A2mega_e_Sousa" title="Tâmega e Sousa">Tâmega e Sousa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terras_de_Tr%C3%A1s-os-Montes" title="Terras de Trás-os-Montes">Terras de Trás-os-Montes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Centro_Region,_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="Centro Region, Portugal">Centro Region</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Intermunicipal_communities" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal;">Intermunicipal communities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beira_Baixa_(intermunicipal_community)" title="Beira Baixa (intermunicipal community)">Beira Baixa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beiras_e_Serra_da_Estrela" title="Beiras e Serra da Estrela">Beiras e Serra da Estrela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regi%C3%A3o_de_Aveiro" title="Região de Aveiro">Região de Aveiro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regi%C3%A3o_de_Coimbra" title="Região de Coimbra">Região de Coimbra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regi%C3%A3o_de_Leiria" title="Região de Leiria">Região de Leiria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viseu_D%C3%A3o_Laf%C3%B5es" title="Viseu Dão Lafões">Viseu Dão Lafões</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Oeste_e_Vale_do_Tejo" title="Oeste e Vale do Tejo">Oeste e Vale do Tejo Region</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Intermunicipal_communities" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal;">Intermunicipal communities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9dio_Tejo" title="Médio Tejo">Médio Tejo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oeste_(intermunicipal_community)" title="Oeste (intermunicipal community)">Oeste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lez%C3%ADria_do_Tejo" title="Lezíria do Tejo">Lezíria do Tejo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lisbon_Region" title="Lisbon Region">Lisbon Region</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Metropolitan_areas" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal;">Metropolitan areas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lisbon_metropolitan_area" title="Lisbon metropolitan area">Lisbon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Alentejo_Region" title="Alentejo Region">Alentejo Region</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Intermunicipal_communities" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal;">Intermunicipal communities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alentejo_Central" title="Alentejo Central">Alentejo Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alentejo_Litoral" title="Alentejo Litoral">Alentejo Litoral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alto_Alentejo_(intermunicipal_community)" title="Alto Alentejo (intermunicipal community)">Alto Alentejo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baixo_Alentejo_(intermunicipal_community)" title="Baixo Alentejo (intermunicipal community)">Baixo Alentejo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Algarve" title="Algarve">Algarve Region</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Intermunicipal_communities" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal;">Intermunicipal communities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algarve" title="Algarve">Algarve</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Autonomous Regions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azores" title="Azores">Azores</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Madeira</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>All these divisions are further subdivided into <a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Portugal" title="Municipalities of Portugal">municipalities</a> and <a href="/wiki/Freguesia" title="Freguesia">parishes</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Districts_and_Autonomous_Regions_of_Portugal" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Districts_and_autonomous_regions_of_Portugal" title="Template:Districts and autonomous regions of Portugal"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Districts_and_autonomous_regions_of_Portugal" title="Template talk:Districts and autonomous regions of Portugal"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Districts_and_autonomous_regions_of_Portugal" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Districts and autonomous regions of Portugal"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Districts_and_Autonomous_Regions_of_Portugal" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Portugal" title="Districts of Portugal">Districts</a> and <a href="/wiki/Autonomous_Regions_of_Portugal" title="Autonomous Regions of Portugal">Autonomous Regions</a> of <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Portugal" title="Districts of Portugal">Districts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aveiro_District" title="Aveiro District">Aveiro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beja_District" title="Beja District">Beja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Braga_District" title="Braga District">Braga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bragan%C3%A7a_District" title="Bragança District">Bragança</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castelo_Branco_District" title="Castelo Branco District">Castelo Branco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coimbra_District" title="Coimbra District">Coimbra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89vora_District" title="Évora District">Évora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faro_District" title="Faro District">Faro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guarda_District" title="Guarda District">Guarda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leiria_District" title="Leiria District">Leiria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisbon_District" title="Lisbon District">Lisboa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portalegre_District" title="Portalegre District">Portalegre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porto_District" title="Porto District">Porto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santar%C3%A9m_District" title="Santarém District">Santarém</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Set%C3%BAbal_District" title="Setúbal District">Setúbal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viana_do_Castelo_District" title="Viana do Castelo District">Viana do Castelo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vila_Real_District" title="Vila Real District">Vila Real</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viseu_District" title="Viseu District">Viseu</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Portugal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Portugal"><img alt="Flag of Portugal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/52px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="52" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/78px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/104px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_Regions_of_Portugal" title="Autonomous Regions of Portugal">Autonomous Regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azores" title="Azores">Azores</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Madeira</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Countries_and_territories_of_North_Africa" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Countries_and_territories_of_North_Africa" title="Template:Countries and territories of North Africa"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Countries_and_territories_of_North_Africa" title="Template talk:Countries and territories of North Africa"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Countries_and_territories_of_North_Africa" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Countries and territories of North Africa"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Countries_and_territories_of_North_Africa" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Countries and territories of <a href="/wiki/North_Africa" title="North Africa">North Africa</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_state" title="Sovereign state">Sovereign states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/23px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/35px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/45px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/23px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/35px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/46px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="480" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/23px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/35px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/45px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">Partially recognized state</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic" title="Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic"><img alt="Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic" title="Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic">Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Territory" title="Territory">Territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>/<a href="/wiki/Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic" title="Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic">SADR</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Western_Sahara" title="Western Sahara">Western Sahara</a><sup>1</sup></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canary_Islands" title="Canary Islands">Canary Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta">Ceuta</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla">Melilla</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alboran_Island" title="Alboran Island">Alboran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alhucemas_Islands" title="Alhucemas Islands">Alhucemas</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chafarinas_Islands" title="Chafarinas Islands">Chafarinas</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pe%C3%B1%C3%B3n_de_V%C3%A9lez_de_la_Gomera" title="Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera">Vélez de la Gomera</a><sup>2</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Madeira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savage_Islands" title="Savage Islands">Savage Islands</a><sup>3</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a>/<a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Halaib_Triangle" title="Halaib Triangle">Hala'ib Triangle</a><sup>4</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wadi_Halfa_Salient" title="Wadi Halfa Salient">Wadi Halfa Salient</a><sup>4</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bir_Tawil" title="Bir Tawil">Bir Tawil</a><sup>5</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a>/<a href="/wiki/South_Sudan" title="South Sudan">South Sudan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abyei" title="Abyei">Abyei</a><sup>6</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kafia_Kingi" title="Kafia Kingi">Kafia Kingi</a><sup>6</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pantelleria" title="Pantelleria">Pantelleria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pelagie_Islands" title="Pelagie Islands">Pelagie Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a>/<a href="/wiki/Chad" title="Chad">Chad</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aouzou_Strip" title="Aouzou Strip">Aouzou Strip</a><sup>7</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>/<a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Perejil_Island" title="Perejil Island">Perejil</a><sup>8</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><i><sup>1</sup>Entirely claimed by both Morocco and the <a href="/wiki/Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic" title="Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic">SADR</a>.</i> <i><sup>2</sup>Spanish exclaves claimed by Morocco.</i> <i><sup>3</sup>Portuguese archipelago claimed by Spain.</i> <i><sup>4</sup>Disputed between Egypt and the Sudan.</i> <i><sup>5</sup><a href="/wiki/Terra_nullius" title="Terra nullius">Unclaimed territory</a> located between Egypt and the Sudan.</i> <i><sup>6</sup>Disputed between South Sudan and the Sudan.</i> <i><sup>7</sup>Part of Chad, formerly claimed by Libya.</i> <i><sup>8</sup>Disputed between Morocco and Spain</i></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="International_membership" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="International_membership" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">International membership</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Outlying_territories_of_European_countries" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Outlying_territories_of_European_countries" title="Template:Outlying territories of European countries"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Outlying_territories_of_European_countries" title="Template talk:Outlying territories of European countries"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Outlying_territories_of_European_countries" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Outlying territories of European countries"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Outlying_territories_of_European_countries" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Outlying territories of European countries</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Territories under European <a href="/wiki/Sovereignty" title="Sovereignty">sovereignty</a> but closer to or on continents other than Europe (see <a href="/wiki/Template:Outlying_territories_of_European_countries#Inclusion_criteria" title="Template:Outlying territories of European countries">inclusion criteria</a> for further information).</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Denmark</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greenland" title="Greenland">Greenland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faroe_Islands" title="Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">France</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clipperton_Island" title="Clipperton Island">Clipperton Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Guiana" title="French Guiana">French Guiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Polynesia" title="French Polynesia">French Polynesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Southern_and_Antarctic_Lands" title="French Southern and Antarctic Lands">French Southern and Antarctic Lands</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ad%C3%A9lie_Land" title="Adélie Land">Adélie Land</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crozet_Islands" title="Crozet Islands">Crozet Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerguelen_Islands" title="Kerguelen Islands">Kerguelen Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Paul_and_Amsterdam_Islands" title="Saint Paul and Amsterdam Islands">Saint Paul and Amsterdam Islands</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele_Amsterdam" title="Île Amsterdam"> Amsterdam Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele_Saint-Paul" title="Île Saint-Paul"> Saint Paul Island</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scattered_Islands_in_the_Indian_Ocean" title="Scattered Islands in the Indian Ocean">Scattered Islands in the Indian Ocean</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bassas_da_India" title="Bassas da India">Bassas da India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Europa_Island" title="Europa Island">Europa Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glorioso_Islands" title="Glorioso Islands">Glorioso Islands</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banc_du_Geyser" title="Banc du Geyser"> Geyser Shoal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_de_Nova_Island" title="Juan de Nova Island">Juan de Nova Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tromelin_Island" title="Tromelin Island">Tromelin Island</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guadeloupe" title="Guadeloupe">Guadeloupe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martinique" title="Martinique">Martinique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayotte" title="Mayotte">Mayotte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Caledonia" title="New Caledonia">New Caledonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9union" title="Réunion">Réunion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy" title="Saint Barthélemy">Saint Barthélemy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collectivity_of_Saint_Martin" title="Collectivity of Saint Martin">Saint Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Pierre_and_Miquelon" title="Saint Pierre and Miquelon">Saint Pierre and Miquelon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallis_and_Futuna" title="Wallis and Futuna">Wallis and Futuna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Netherlands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aruba" title="Aruba">Aruba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Netherlands" title="Caribbean Netherlands">Caribbean Netherlands</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bonaire" title="Bonaire">Bonaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saba_(island)" title="Saba (island)">Saba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sint_Eustatius" title="Sint Eustatius">Sint Eustatius</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cura%C3%A7ao" title="Curaçao">Curaçao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sint_Maarten" title="Sint Maarten">Sint Maarten</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Norway</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bouvet_Island" title="Bouvet Island">Bouvet Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_I_Island" title="Peter I Island">Peter I Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Maud_Land" title="Queen Maud Land">Queen Maud Land</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Portugal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azores" title="Azores">Azores</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Madeira</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Spain</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canary_Islands" title="Canary Islands">Canary Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta">Ceuta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla">Melilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plazas_de_Soberan%C3%ADa" class="mw-redirect" title="Plazas de Soberanía">Plazas de Soberanía</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alboran_Island" title="Alboran Island">Alboran Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alhucemas_Islands" title="Alhucemas Islands">Alhucemas Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chafarinas_Islands" title="Chafarinas Islands">Chafarinas Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Velez_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Velez Islands">Velez Islands</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">United Kingdom</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anguilla" title="Anguilla">Anguilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bermuda" title="Bermuda">Bermuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Antarctic_Territory" title="British Antarctic Territory">British Antarctic Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Indian_Ocean_Territory" title="British Indian Ocean Territory">British Indian Ocean Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Virgin_Islands" title="British Virgin Islands">British Virgin Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cayman_Islands" title="Cayman Islands">Cayman Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falkland_Islands" title="Falkland Islands">Falkland Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montserrat" title="Montserrat">Montserrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitcairn_Islands" title="Pitcairn Islands">Pitcairn Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Helena,_Ascension_and_Tristan_da_Cunha" title="Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha">Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ascension_Island" title="Ascension Island">Ascension Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Helena" title="Saint Helena">Saint Helena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tristan_da_Cunha" title="Tristan da Cunha">Tristan da Cunha</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Georgia_and_the_South_Sandwich_Islands" title="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands">South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" title="Turks and Caicos Islands">Turks and Caicos Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Portuguese_Empire" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks plainlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Portuguese_overseas_empire" title="Template:Portuguese overseas empire"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Portuguese_overseas_empire" title="Template talk:Portuguese overseas empire"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Portuguese_overseas_empire" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Portuguese overseas empire"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Portuguese_Empire" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Empire" title="Portuguese Empire">Portuguese Empire</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:transparent;text-align:left;"><div id="North_Africa" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">North Africa</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-left:1.0em;text-align:left;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break col-break-3"> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>15th century</b></span> </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1415–1640</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta">Ceuta</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1458–1550</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Ksar_es-Seghir" title="Ksar es-Seghir">Alcácer Ceguer <span style="font-size:85%;">(El Qsar es Seghir)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1471–1550</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Asilah" title="Portuguese Asilah">Arzila <span style="font-size:85%;">(Asilah)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1471–1662</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Tangier" title="Portuguese Tangier">Tangier</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1485–1550</td><td> <a href="/wiki/El_Jadida" title="El Jadida">Mazagan <span style="font-size:85%;">(El Jadida)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1487–16th century</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Ouadane" title="Ouadane">Ouadane</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1488–1541</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Safi,_Morocco" title="Safi, Morocco">Safim <span style="font-size:85%;">(Safi)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1489</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Graciosa_fortress" title="Graciosa fortress">Graciosa</a></td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td class="col-break col-break-3"> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>16th century</b></span> </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1505–1541</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Agadir" title="Agadir">Santa Cruz do Cabo de Gué <span style="font-size:85%;">(Agadir)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1506–1525</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Essaouira" title="Essaouira">Mogador <span style="font-size:85%;">(Essaouira)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1506–1525</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Souira_Guedima" title="Souira Guedima">Aguz <span style="font-size:85%;">(Souira Guedima)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1506–1769</td><td> <a href="/wiki/El_Jadida" title="El Jadida">Mazagan <span style="font-size:85%;">(El Jadida)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1513–1541</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Azemmour" title="Azemmour">Azamor <span style="font-size:85%;">(Azemmour)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1515–1541</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Mehdya,_Morocco" title="Mehdya, Morocco">São João da Mamora <span style="font-size:85%;">(Mehdya)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1577–1589</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Asilah" title="Asilah">Arzila <span style="font-size:85%;">(Asilah)</span></a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Portugal_Imp%C3%A9rio_total.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Anachronous map of the Portuguese Empire (1415-1999)"><img alt="Anachronous map of the Portuguese Empire (1415-1999)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Portugal_Imp%C3%A9rio_total.png/300px-Portugal_Imp%C3%A9rio_total.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Portugal_Imp%C3%A9rio_total.png/450px-Portugal_Imp%C3%A9rio_total.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Portugal_Imp%C3%A9rio_total.png/600px-Portugal_Imp%C3%A9rio_total.png 2x" data-file-width="1425" data-file-height="625" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:transparent;text-align:left;"><div id="Sub-Saharan_Africa" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Sub-Saharan Africa</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-left:1.0em;text-align:left;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break"> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>15th century</b></span> </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1455–1633</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Arguin" title="Arguin">Arguim</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1462–1975</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Cape_Verde" title="Portuguese Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1470–1975</td><td> <span style="position:relative; bottom:0.1em;"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_Island" title="São Tomé Island">São Tomé</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></span></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1471–1975</td><td> <span style="position:relative; bottom:0.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="Príncipe">Príncipe</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></span></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1474–1778</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Annob%C3%B3n" title="Annobón">Annobón</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1478–1778</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Bioko" title="Bioko">Fernando Poo <span style="font-size:85%;">(Bioko)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1482–1637</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Elmina" title="Elmina">Elmina <span style="font-size:85%;">(São Jorge da Mina)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1482–1642</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Gold_Coast" title="Portuguese Gold Coast">Portuguese Gold Coast</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1498–1540</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Mascarene_Islands" title="Mascarene Islands">Mascarene Islands</a></td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td class="col-break"> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>16th century</b></span> </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1500–1630</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Malindi" title="Malindi">Malindi</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1501–1975</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Mozambique" title="Portuguese Mozambique">Portuguese Mozambique</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1502–1659</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Saint_Helena" title="Saint Helena">Saint Helena</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1503–1698</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Zanzibar" title="Zanzibar">Zanzibar</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1505–1512</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Kilwa_Kisiwani" title="Kilwa Kisiwani">Quíloa <span style="font-size:85%;">(Kilwa)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1506–1511</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Socotra" title="Socotra">Socotra</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1508–1547<sup><small>2</small></sup></td><td> <a href="/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a><sup><small>3</small></sup></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1557–1578</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Accra" title="Accra">Accra</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1575–1975</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Angola" title="Portuguese Angola">Portuguese Angola</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1588–1974</td><td> <span style="position:relative; bottom:0.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Cacheu" title="Cacheu">Cacheu</a><sup><small>4</small></sup></span></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1593–1698</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Mombasa" title="Mombasa">Mombassa <span style="font-size:85%;">(Mombasa)</span></a></td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td class="col-break"> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>17th century</b></span> </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1645–1888</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Ziguinchor" title="Ziguinchor">Ziguinchor</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1680–1961</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Fort_of_S%C3%A3o_Jo%C3%A3o_Baptista_de_Ajud%C3%A1" title="Fort of São João Baptista de Ajudá">São João Baptista de Ajudá, Benin</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1687–1974</td><td> <span style="position:relative; bottom:0.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Bissau" title="Bissau">Bissau</a><sup><small>4</small></sup></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>18th century</b></span> </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1728–1729</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Mombasa" title="Mombasa">Mombassa <span style="font-size:85%;">(Mombasa)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1753–1975</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="Portuguese São Tomé and Príncipe">Portuguese São Tomé and Príncipe</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>19th century</b></span> </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1879–1974</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Guinea" title="Portuguese Guinea">Portuguese Guinea</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1885–1974</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Cabinda_Province" title="Cabinda Province">Portuguese Congo</a><sup><small>5</small></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="plainlist" style="padding:0.5em 0 0.75em 0.25em;font-size:90%;line-height:1.2em;"><ul><li><sup><small>1</small></sup> Part of <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="Portuguese São Tomé and Príncipe">São Tomé and Príncipe</a> from 1753.</li><li><sup><small>2</small></sup> Or 1600.</li><li><sup><small>3</small></sup> A factory (<a href="/wiki/Anosy" title="Anosy">Anosy Region</a>) and small temporary coastal bases.</li><li><sup><small>4</small></sup> Part of <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Guinea" title="Portuguese Guinea">Portuguese Guinea</a> from 1879.</li><li><sup><small>5</small></sup> Part of <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Angola" title="Portuguese Angola">Portuguese Angola</a> from the 1920s.</li></ul></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:transparent;text-align:left;"><div id="Middle_East_&#91;Persian_Gulf&#93;" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Middle East [Persian Gulf]</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-left:1.0em;text-align:left;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break col-break-3"> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>16th century</b></span> </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1506–1615</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Bandar_Abbas" title="Bandar Abbas">Gamru <span style="font-size:85%;">(Bandar Abbas)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1507–1643</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Sohar" title="Sohar">Sohar</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1515–1622</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Ormus" title="Ormus">Hormuz <span style="font-size:85%;">(Ormus)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1515–1648</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Qurayyat,_Oman" title="Qurayyat, Oman">Quriyat</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1515–?</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Qalhat" title="Qalhat">Qalhat</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1515–1650</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Muscat" title="Muscat">Muscat</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1515?–?</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Barka,_Oman" title="Barka, Oman">Barka</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1515–1633?</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Ras_Al_Khaimah" title="Ras Al Khaimah">Julfar (Ras al-Khaimah)</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1521–1602</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Muharraq" title="Muharraq">Muharraq</a> • <a href="/wiki/Manama" title="Manama">Manama</a>)</span></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1521–1529?</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Qatif" title="Qatif">Qatif</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1521?–1551?</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Tarout_Island" title="Tarout Island">Tarut Island</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1550–1551</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Qatif" title="Qatif">Qatif</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1588–1648</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Muttrah" title="Muttrah">Matrah</a></td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td class="col-break col-break-3"> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>17th century</b></span> </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1620–?</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Khor_Fakkan" title="Khor Fakkan">Khor Fakkan</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1621?–?</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Seeb" title="Seeb">As Sib</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1621–1622</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Qeshm_Island" title="Qeshm Island">Qeshm</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1623–?</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Khasab" title="Khasab">Khasab</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1623–?</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Al_Badiyah" title="Al Badiyah">Libedia</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1624–?</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Kalba" title="Kalba">Kalba</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1624–?</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Madha" title="Madha">Madha</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1624–1648</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Dibba_Al-Hisn" title="Dibba Al-Hisn">Dibba Al-Hisn</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1624?–?</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Kong,_Iran" title="Kong, Iran">Bandar-e Kong</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:transparent;text-align:left;"><div id="South_Asia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">South Asia</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-left:1.0em;text-align:left;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break col-break-3"> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>15th century</b></span> </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1498–1545</td><td> <div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Lakshadweep" title="Lakshadweep">Laccadive Islands<br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(Lakshadweep)</span></a></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>16th century</b></span> <br /><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_India" title="Portuguese India">Portuguese India</a> </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1500–1663</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Kochi" title="Kochi">Cochim <span style="font-size:85%;">(Kochi)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1501–1663</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Kannur" title="Kannur">Cannanore <span style="font-size:85%;">(Kannur)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> <div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"> • 1502–1658<br /><span style="padding-left:0.65em;"> </span>1659–1661</div></td><td> <div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Kollam" title="Kollam">Quilon<br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(Coulão / Kollam)</span></a></div></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1502–1661</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Pallippuram,_Ernakulam" title="Pallippuram, Ernakulam">Pallipuram <span style="font-size:85%;">(Cochin de Cima)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1507–1657</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Negapatam" title="Portuguese Negapatam">Negapatam <span style="font-size:85%;">(Nagapatnam)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1510–1961</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Goa" title="Goa">Goa</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> <div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"> • 1512–1525<br /><span style="padding-left:0.65em;"> </span>1750</div></td><td> <div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Kozhikode" title="Kozhikode">Calicut<br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(Kozhikode)</span></a></div></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1518–1619</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Pulicat" title="Pulicat">Portuguese Paliacate outpost <span style="font-size:85%;">(Pulicat)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1521–1740</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Chaul" title="Chaul">Chaul</a></td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td class="col-break col-break-3"> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  </td><td> (Portuguese India)</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1523–1662</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Mylapore" title="Mylapore">Mylapore</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1528–1666</td><td> <div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_settlement_in_Chittagong" title="Portuguese settlement in Chittagong">Chittagong<br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(Porto Grande De Bengala)</span></a></div></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1531–1571</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Chaul" title="Chaul">Chaul</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1531–1571</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Chaliyam" title="Chaliyam">Chalé</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1534–1601</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Salsette_Island" title="Salsette Island">Salsette Island</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1534–1661</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai">Bombay <span style="font-size:85%;">(Mumbai)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1535</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Ponnani" title="Ponnani">Ponnani</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1535–1739</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Vasai-Virar" title="Vasai-Virar">Baçaím <span style="font-size:85%;">(Vasai-Virar)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1536–1662</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Kodungallur" title="Kodungallur">Cranganore <span style="font-size:85%;">(Kodungallur)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1540–1612</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Surat" title="Surat">Surat</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1548–1658</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Thoothukudi" title="Thoothukudi">Tuticorin <span style="font-size:85%;">(Thoothukudi)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1559–1961</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Daman_and_Diu" title="Daman and Diu">Daman and Diu</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1568–1659</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Mangalore" title="Mangalore">Mangalore</a></td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td class="col-break col-break-3"> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  </td><td> (Portuguese India)</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1579–1632</td><td><a href="/wiki/Hugli-Chuchura" title="Hugli-Chuchura">Hugli</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1598–1610</td><td><a href="/wiki/Machilipatnam" title="Machilipatnam">Masulipatnam <span style="font-size:85%;">(Machilipatnam)</span></a></td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1518–1521</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Maldives" title="Maldives">Maldives</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1518–1658</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Ceylon" title="Portuguese Ceylon">Portuguese Ceylon <span style="font-size:85%;">(Sri Lanka)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1558–1573</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Maldives" title="Maldives">Maldives</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>17th century</b></span> <br />Portuguese India </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1687–1749</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Mylapore" title="Mylapore">Mylapore</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>18th century</b></span> <br />Portuguese India </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1779–1954</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Dadra_and_Nagar_Haveli" class="mw-redirect" title="Dadra and Nagar Haveli">Dadra and Nagar Haveli</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:transparent;text-align:left;"><div id="East_Asia_and_Oceania" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">East Asia and Oceania</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-left:1.0em;text-align:left;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break col-break-3"> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>16th century</b></span> </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1511–1641</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Malacca" title="Portuguese Malacca">Portuguese Malacca</a> [Malaysia]</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1512–1621</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Maluku_Islands" title="Maluku Islands">Maluku</a> [Indonesia]</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1522–1575</td><td> <span style="padding-left:0.5em;"> </span><a href="/wiki/Ternate" title="Ternate">Ternate</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1576–1605</td><td> <span style="padding-left:0.5em;"> </span><a href="/wiki/Ambon_Island" title="Ambon Island">Ambon</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1578–1650</td><td> <span style="padding-left:0.5em;"> </span><a href="/wiki/Tidore" title="Tidore">Tidore</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1512–1665</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Makassar" title="Makassar">Makassar</a> [Indonesia]</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1515–1859</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Larantuka" title="Kingdom of Larantuka">Larantuka</a> [Indonesia]</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1557–1999</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Macau" title="Portuguese Macau">Macau</a> [China]</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1580–1586</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Nagasaki" title="Portuguese Nagasaki">Nagasaki</a> [Japan]</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>17th century</b></span> </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1642–1975</td><td> <span style="position:relative; bottom:0.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Timor" title="Portuguese Timor">Portuguese Timor</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/East_Timor" title="East Timor">East Timor</a>)</span><sup><small>1</small></sup></span></td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td class="col-break col-break-3"> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>19th century</b></span> <br /><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Macau" title="Portuguese Macau">Portuguese Macau</a> </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1864–1999</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Coloane" title="Coloane">Coloane</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1851–1999</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Taipa" title="Taipa">Taipa</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1890–1999</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Ilha_Verde" title="Ilha Verde">Ilha Verde</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>20th century</b></span> <br />Portuguese Macau </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1938–1941</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Hengqin" title="Hengqin">Lapa and Montanha <span style="font-size:85%;">(Hengqin)</span></a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="plainlist" style="padding:0.5em 0 0.75em 0.25em;font-size:90%;line-height:1.2em;"><ul><li><sup><small>1</small></sup> 1975 is the year of East Timor's Declaration of Independence and subsequent <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_invasion_of_East_Timor" title="Indonesian invasion of East Timor">invasion by Indonesia</a>. In 2002, East Timor's independence was fully recognized.</li></ul></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:transparent;text-align:left;"><div id="North_America_and_North_Atlantic" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">North America and North Atlantic</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-left:1.0em;text-align:left;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break"> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>15th century</b> [Atlantic islands]</span> </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1420</td><td> <i><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Madeira</a></b></i></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1432</td><td> <i><b><a href="/wiki/Azores" title="Azores">Azores</a></b></i></td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td class="col-break"> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>16th century</b> [Canada]</span> </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1500–1579?</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Newfoundland_(island)" title="Newfoundland (island)">Terra Nova <span style="font-size:85%;">(Newfoundland)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1500–1579?</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Labrador" title="Labrador">Labrador</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1516–1579?</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia" title="Nova Scotia">Nova Scotia</a></td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td class="col-break"> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:transparent;text-align:left;"><div id="South_America_and_Caribbean" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">South America and Caribbean</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-left:1.0em;text-align:left;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break"> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>16th century</b></span> </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1500–1822</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Colonial_Brazil" title="Colonial Brazil">Brazil</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1534–1549</td><td> <span style="padding-left:0.5em;"> </span><a href="/wiki/Captaincy_Colonies_of_Brazil" class="mw-redirect" title="Captaincy Colonies of Brazil">Captaincy Colonies of Brazil</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1549–1572</td><td> <span style="padding-left:0.5em;"> </span><a href="/wiki/Governorate_General_of_Brazil" title="Governorate General of Brazil">Brazil</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1572–1578</td><td> <span style="padding-left:0.5em;"> </span><a href="/wiki/Governorate_General_of_Bahia" title="Governorate General of Bahia">Bahia</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1572–1578</td><td> <span style="padding-left:0.5em;"> </span><a href="/wiki/Governorate_General_of_Rio_de_Janeiro" title="Governorate General of Rio de Janeiro">Rio de Janeiro</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1578–1607</td><td> <span style="padding-left:0.5em;"> </span><a href="/wiki/Governorate_General_of_Brazil" title="Governorate General of Brazil">Brazil</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1621–1815</td><td> <span style="padding-left:0.5em;"> </span><a href="/wiki/State_of_Brazil" title="State of Brazil">Brazil</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1536–1620</td><td> <a href="/wiki/History_of_Barbados" title="History of Barbados">Barbados</a></td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td class="col-break"> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>17th century</b></span> </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1621–1751</td><td> <a href="/wiki/State_of_Maranh%C3%A3o_(colonial)" title="State of Maranhão (colonial)">Maranhão</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1680–1777</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Colonia_del_Sacramento" title="Colonia del Sacramento">Nova Colónia do Sacramento</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>18th century</b></span> </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1751–1772</td><td> <a href="/wiki/State_of_Gr%C3%A3o-Par%C3%A1_and_Maranh%C3%A3o" title="State of Grão-Pará and Maranhão">Grão-Pará and Maranhão</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1772–1775</td><td> <a href="/wiki/State_of_Gr%C3%A3o-Par%C3%A1_and_Rio_Negro" title="State of Grão-Pará and Rio Negro">Grão-Pará and Rio Negro</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1772–1775</td><td> <a href="/wiki/State_of_Maranh%C3%A3o_and_Piau%C3%AD" title="State of Maranhão and Piauí">Maranhão and Piauí</a></td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td class="col-break"> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>19th century</b></span> </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1808–1822</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Cisplatina" title="Cisplatina">Cisplatina <span style="font-size:85%;">(Uruguay)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1809–1817</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Amap%C3%A1" title="Amapá">Portuguese Guiana <span style="font-size:85%;">(Amapá)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1822</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Upper_Peru" title="Upper Peru">Upper Peru <span style="font-size:85%;">(Bolivia)</span></a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3" style="background:#efefef;padding:0.2em;line-height:1.2em;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armorial_of_Portuguese_colonies" class="mw-redirect" title="Armorial of Portuguese colonies">Armorial of Portuguese colonies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolution_of_the_Portuguese_Empire" title="Evolution of the Portuguese Empire">Evolution of the Portuguese Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_colonial_architecture" title="Portuguese colonial architecture">Portuguese colonial architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="Portuguese colonization of the Americas">Portuguese colonization of the Americas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Empire_in_the_Indonesian_Archipelago" title="Portuguese Empire in the Indonesian Archipelago">Portuguese Empire in the Indonesian Archipelago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_India" title="Portuguese India">Portuguese India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theory_of_the_Portuguese_discovery_of_Australia" title="Theory of the Portuguese discovery of Australia">Theory of the Portuguese discovery of Australia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=European_Union&#124;link=European_Union_Outermost_regions_of_European_Union_states" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:EU_Outermost_regions" title="Template:EU Outermost regions"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:EU_Outermost_regions" title="Template talk:EU Outermost regions"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:EU_Outermost_regions" title="Special:EditPage/Template:EU Outermost regions"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=European_Union&#124;link=European_Union_Outermost_regions_of_European_Union_states" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union"><img alt="European Union" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/23px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/35px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/45px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Special_member_state_territories_and_the_European_Union#Outermost_regions" class="mw-redirect" title="Special member state territories and the European Union">Outermost regions</a> of <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> states</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;white-space:nowrap;">Portugal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azores" title="Azores">Azores</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Madeira</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:EU_outermost_regions.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/EU_outermost_regions.svg/150px-EU_outermost_regions.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="76" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/EU_outermost_regions.svg/225px-EU_outermost_regions.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/EU_outermost_regions.svg/300px-EU_outermost_regions.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="940" data-file-height="477" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;white-space:nowrap;">Spain</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canary_Islands" title="Canary Islands">Canary Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;white-space:nowrap;">France</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_Guiana" title="French Guiana">French Guiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guadeloupe" title="Guadeloupe">Guadeloupe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martinique" title="Martinique">Martinique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayotte" title="Mayotte">Mayotte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9union" title="Réunion">Réunion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collectivity_of_Saint_Martin" title="Collectivity of Saint Martin">Saint-Martin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26253#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26253#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26253#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Madeira (souostroví)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge129929&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/9cdaf9c8-4d0a-4ca6-8737-4fed25d642c5">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10044869">NARA</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Madeira&oldid=1259326922">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Madeira&oldid=1259326922</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Madeira" title="Category:Madeira">Madeira</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Madeira_Island" title="Category:Madeira Island">Madeira Island</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1420s_establishments_in_the_Portuguese_Empire" title="Category:1420s establishments in the Portuguese Empire">1420s establishments in the Portuguese Empire</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1976_disestablishments_in_the_Portuguese_Empire" title="Category:1976 disestablishments in the Portuguese Empire">1976 disestablishments in the Portuguese Empire</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1976_establishments_in_Portugal" title="Category:1976 establishments in Portugal">1976 establishments in Portugal</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Autonomous_Regions_of_Portugal" title="Category:Autonomous Regions of Portugal">Autonomous Regions of Portugal</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Integral_overseas_territories" title="Category:Integral overseas territories">Integral overseas territories</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Islands_of_Macaronesia" title="Category:Islands of Macaronesia">Islands of Macaronesia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Outermost_regions_of_the_European_Union" title="Category:Outermost regions of the European Union">Outermost regions of the European Union</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Populated_places_established_in_the_1420s" title="Category:Populated places established in the 1420s">Populated places established in the 1420s</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:States_and_territories_established_in_1976" title="Category:States and territories established in 1976">States and territories established in 1976</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Volcanoes_of_Portugal" title="Category:Volcanoes of Portugal">Volcanoes of Portugal</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wine_regions_of_Portugal" title="Category:Wine regions of Portugal">Wine regions of Portugal</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Islands_of_Africa" title="Category:Islands of Africa">Islands of Africa</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:NUTS_1_statistical_regions_of_the_European_Union" title="Category:NUTS 1 statistical regions of the European Union">NUTS 1 statistical regions of the European Union</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_gadget_WikiMiniAtlas" title="Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas">Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_the_Phonos_extension" title="Category:Pages using the Phonos extension">Pages using the Phonos extension</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_interwiki-linked_names" title="Category:CS1 interwiki-linked names">CS1 interwiki-linked names</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">CS1 maint: location missing publisher</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Portuguese-language_sources_(pt)" title="Category:CS1 Portuguese-language sources (pt)">CS1 Portuguese-language sources (pt)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_dead_external_links" title="Category:All articles with dead external links">All articles with dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_dead_external_links_from_April_2024" title="Category:Articles with dead external links from April 2024">Articles with dead external links from April 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Spanish-language_sources_(es)" title="Category:CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)">CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_December_2020" title="Category:Use dmy dates from December 2020">Use dmy dates from December 2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_infobox_settlement_with_bad_settlement_type" title="Category:Pages using infobox settlement with bad settlement type">Pages using infobox settlement with bad settlement type</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Portuguese-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Portuguese-language text">Articles containing Portuguese-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_explicitly_cited_English-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing explicitly cited English-language text">Articles containing explicitly cited English-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Coordinates_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Coordinates on Wikidata">Coordinates on Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_European_Portuguese_IPA" title="Category:Pages with European Portuguese IPA">Pages with European Portuguese IPA</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_including_recorded_pronunciations" title="Category:Pages including recorded pronunciations">Pages including recorded pronunciations</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_April_2022" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from April 2022">Articles with unsourced statements from April 2022</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_February_2023" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from February 2023">Articles with unsourced statements from February 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_February_2022" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from February 2022">Articles with unsourced statements from February 2022</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_April_2017" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from April 2017">Articles with unsourced statements from April 2017</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_May_2022" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from May 2022">Articles with unsourced statements from May 2022</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_November_2015" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from November 2015">Articles with unsourced statements from November 2015</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_excerpts" title="Category:Articles with excerpts">Articles with excerpts</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_July_2022" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from July 2022">Articles with unsourced statements from July 2022</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_December_2022" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from December 2022">Articles with unsourced statements from December 2022</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_November_2022" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from November 2022">Articles with unsourced statements from November 2022</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_references_from_June_2024" title="Category:Articles needing additional references from June 2024">Articles needing additional references from June 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_additional_references" title="Category:All articles needing additional references">All articles needing additional references</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_Sister_project_links_with_hidden_wikidata" title="Category:Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata">Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_Sister_project_links_with_default_search" title="Category:Pages using Sister project links with default search">Pages using Sister project links with default search</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_incorporating_a_citation_from_the_1911_Encyclopaedia_Britannica_with_Wikisource_reference" title="Category:Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference">Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 24 November 2024, at 15:34<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Madeira&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-6b7f745dd4-vxwkl","wgBackendResponseTime":161,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"2.872","walltime":"3.470","ppvisitednodes":{"value":20262,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":712624,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":129726,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":23,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":40,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":540234,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 2991.723 1 -total"," 29.68% 888.030 1 Template:Reflist"," 15.76% 471.403 84 Template:Cite_web"," 15.35% 459.110 1 Template:Infobox_political_division"," 14.65% 438.302 2 Template:Infobox"," 13.94% 416.976 2 Template:Navboxes"," 9.53% 285.227 4 Template:Excerpt"," 8.73% 261.294 11 Template:Navbox"," 4.59% 137.439 13 Template:Cn"," 4.58% 137.160 1 Template:Portuguese_overseas_empire"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"1.744","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":22745892,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-profile":[["?","560","28.3"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","320","16.2"],["dataWrapper \u003Cmw.lua:672\u003E","160","8.1"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::sub","120","6.1"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::match","120","6.1"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::expandTemplate","100","5.1"],["recursiveClone \u003CmwInit.lua:45\u003E","80","4.0"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::find","60","3.0"],["(for generator)","40","2.0"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::plain","40","2.0"],["[others]","380","19.2"]]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-6b7f745dd4-hcng6","timestamp":"20241125142843","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Madeira","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Madeira","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q26253","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q26253","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2001-10-02T01:28:43Z","dateModified":"2024-11-24T15:34:21Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/a\/a4\/Flag_of_Madeira.svg","headline":"Autonomous Region of Portugal in the archipelago of Madeira"}</script> </body> </html>