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class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ckb.wikipedia.org&uselang=ckb" class=""><span>بەخشین بە ویکیپیدیا</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A8%DB%95%D8%AA:%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%86%DB%8C_%DA%BE%DB%95%DA%98%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1&returnto=%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%B1%DA%AF%DB%95%DB%8C+%DA%BE%DB%95%D8%B1-%D8%AE%D9%88%DB%8E%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%86%DB%8C" title="تۆ ھان دەدرێیت کە ھەژمارێک دروست بکەیت و بچیتە ژوورەوە، ئەمە سەرەکی نییە بەھەرحاڵ" class=""><span>ھەژمار دروست بکە</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A8%DB%95%D8%AA:%DA%86%D9%88%D9%88%D9%86%DB%95%DA%98%D9%88%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%95%D9%88%DB%95%DB%8C_%D8%A8%DB%95%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%BE%DB%8E%D9%86%DB%95%D8%B1&returnto=%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%B1%DA%AF%DB%95%DB%8C+%DA%BE%DB%95%D8%B1-%D8%AE%D9%88%DB%8E%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%86%DB%8C" title="پێشنیارت پێدەکرێ بچیتە ژوورەوە؛ ھەرچەندە زۆرت لێناکرێ [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>بچۆ ژوورەوە</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="ھەڵبژاردەی زیاتر" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ئامڕازە تاکەکەسییەکان" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ئامڕازە تاکەکەسییەکان</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ckb.wikipedia.org&uselang=ckb"><span>بەخشین بە ویکیپیدیا</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A8%DB%95%D8%AA:%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%86%DB%8C_%DA%BE%DB%95%DA%98%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1&returnto=%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%B1%DA%AF%DB%95%DB%8C+%DA%BE%DB%95%D8%B1-%D8%AE%D9%88%DB%8E%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%86%DB%8C" title="تۆ ھان دەدرێیت کە ھەژمارێک دروست بکەیت و بچیتە ژوورەوە، ئەمە سەرەکی نییە بەھەرحاڵ"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>ھەژمار دروست بکە</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A8%DB%95%D8%AA:%DA%86%D9%88%D9%88%D9%86%DB%95%DA%98%D9%88%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%95%D9%88%DB%95%DB%8C_%D8%A8%DB%95%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%BE%DB%8E%D9%86%DB%95%D8%B1&returnto=%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%B1%DA%AF%DB%95%DB%8C+%DA%BE%DB%95%D8%B1-%D8%AE%D9%88%DB%8E%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%86%DB%8C" title="پێشنیارت پێدەکرێ بچیتە ژوورەوە؛ ھەرچەندە زۆرت لێناکرێ [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>بچۆ ژوورەوە</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ئەو پەڕانەی بۆ ئەو دەستکاریکەرانەن کە لەدەرەوەن <a href="/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%A7:%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%86" aria-label="زیاتر لەسەر دەستکاریکردن فێر بە"><span>زیاتر فێر بە</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A8%DB%95%D8%AA:%D8%A8%DB%95%D8%B4%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%DB%8C%DB%95%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%85" title="پێڕستی ئەو دەستکارییانەی لەم ناونیشانی ئای-پییەوە کراوە [y]" accesskey="y"><span>بەشدارییەکان</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A8%DB%95%D8%AA:%D9%84%DB%8E%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%95%DA%A9%DB%95%D9%85" title="لێدوان لەسەر دەستکارییەکان لەم ئایپی ئەدرەسەوە [n]" accesskey="n"><span>لێدوان</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="پێگە"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="ناوەڕۆکەکان" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">ناوەڕۆکەکان</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">بخە لاتەنیشت</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">بشارەوە</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">دەستپێک</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-ئەمانەش_ببینە" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ئەمانەش_ببینە"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">١</span> <span>ئەمانەش ببینە</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ئەمانەش_ببینە-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="ناوەڕۆکەکان" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="خشتەی ناوەڕۆکەکان بگۆڕە" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">خشتەی ناوەڕۆکەکان بگۆڕە</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">بیرگەی ھەر-خوێندنی</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="بڕۆ بۆ وتارێک بە زمانێکی تر. بە ٧٤ زمان بەردەستە" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-74" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">٧٤ زمان</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B0%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A1%D8%A9_%D9%81%D9%82%D8%B7" title="ذاكرة القراءة فقط – عەرەبی" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ذاكرة القراءة فقط" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="عەرەبی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memoria_de_solo_llectura" title="Memoria de solo llectura – ئاستۆری" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Memoria de solo llectura" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="ئاستۆری" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daimi_yadda%C5%9F_qur%C4%9Fusu" title="Daimi yaddaş qurğusu – ئازەربایجانی" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Daimi yaddaş qurğusu" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="ئازەربایجانی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Пастаянная запамінальная прылада – بیلاڕووسی" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Пастаянная запамінальная прылада" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="بیلاڕووسی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/ROM" title="ROM – بۆلگاری" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="ROM" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="بۆلگاری" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AE" title="রম – بەنگلادێشی" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="রম" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="بەنگلادێشی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/ROM" title="ROM – بۆسنی" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="ROM" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="بۆسنی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mem%C3%B2ria_ROM" title="Memòria ROM – كاتالۆنی" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Memòria ROM" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="كاتالۆنی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/ROM" title="ROM – چێکی" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="ROM" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="چێکی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/ROM" title="ROM – وێلزی" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="ROM" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="وێلزی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rom_(hukommelse)" title="Rom (hukommelse) – دانماركی" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Rom (hukommelse)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="دانماركی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Festwertspeicher" title="Festwertspeicher – ئەڵمانی" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Festwertspeicher" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="ئەڵمانی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/ROM_(%CE%BC%CE%BD%CE%AE%CE%BC%CE%B7)" title="ROM (μνήμη) – یۆنانی" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="ROM (μνήμη)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="یۆنانی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Read-only_memory" title="Read-only memory – ئینگلیزی" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Read-only memory" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="ئینگلیزی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memoria_de_solo_lectura" title="Memoria de solo lectura – ئیسپانی" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Memoria de solo lectura" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="ئیسپانی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%BCsim%C3%A4lu" title="Püsimälu – ئیستۆنی" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Püsimälu" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="ئیستۆنی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Read_Only_Memory" title="Read Only Memory – باسکی" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Read Only Memory" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="باسکی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%B8%D9%87_%D9%81%D9%82%D8%B7_%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%86%DB%8C" title="حافظه فقط خواندنی – فارسی" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="حافظه فقط خواندنی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="فارسی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lukumuisti" title="Lukumuisti – فینلەندی" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Lukumuisti" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="فینلەندی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A9moire_morte" title="Mémoire morte – فەرەنسی" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Mémoire morte" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="فەرەنسی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memorie_di_sole_leture" title="Memorie di sole leture – فریئوولی" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Memorie di sole leture" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="فریئوولی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%AAs%C3%BBnth%C3%A2ld" title="Lêsûnthâld – فریسیی ڕۆژاوا" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Lêsûnthâld" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="فریسیی ڕۆژاوا" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuimhne_inl%C3%A9ite_amh%C3%A1in" title="Cuimhne inléite amháin – ئیرلەندی" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Cuimhne inléite amháin" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="ئیرلەندی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/ROM" title="ROM – گالیسی" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="ROM" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="گالیسی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%96%D7%99%D7%9B%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%9C%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%90%D7%94_%D7%91%D7%9C%D7%91%D7%93" title="זיכרון לקריאה בלבד – عیبری" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="זיכרון לקריאה בלבד" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="عیبری" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AE_(ROM)" title="रोम (ROM) – هیندی" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="रोम (ROM)" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="هیندی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/ROM" title="ROM – كرواتی" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="ROM" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="كرواتی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/ROM" title="ROM – هەنگاری" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="ROM" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="هەنگاری" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memori_hanya_baca" title="Memori hanya baca – ئیندۆنیزی" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Memori hanya baca" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="ئیندۆنیزی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lesminni" title="Lesminni – ئیسلەندی" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Lesminni" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="ئیسلەندی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Read_Only_Memory" title="Read Only Memory – ئیتالی" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Read Only Memory" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="ئیتالی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Read_only_memory" title="Read only memory – ژاپۆنی" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="Read only memory" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="ژاپۆنی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D2%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D2%9B%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%83_%D2%9B%D2%B1%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BB%D2%93%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Тұрақты жадтау құрылғысы – کازاخی" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Тұрақты жадтау құрылғысы" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="کازاخی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B3%A0%EC%A0%95_%EA%B8%B0%EC%96%B5_%EC%9E%A5%EC%B9%98" title="고정 기억 장치 – كۆری" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="고정 기억 장치" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="كۆری" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memoria_fixa" title="Memoria fixa – لاتینی" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Memoria fixa" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="لاتینی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Read_Only_Memory" title="Read Only Memory – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Read Only Memory" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pastovioji_atmintis" title="Pastovioji atmintis – لیتوانی" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Pastovioji atmintis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="لیتوانی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Las%C4%81matmi%C5%86a" title="Lasāmatmiņa – لێتۆنی" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Lasāmatmiņa" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="لێتۆنی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%A8%D0%AF" title="ЭШЯ – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="ЭШЯ" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/ROM_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="ROM меморија – ماكێدۆنی" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="ROM меморија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="ماكێدۆنی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%92%E0%B5%BA%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF_%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF" title="റീഡ് ഒൺലി മെമ്മറി – مالایالام" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="റീഡ് ഒൺലി മെമ്മറി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="مالایالام" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB_%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%85_%D0%BE%D0%B9" title="Тогтмол санах ой – مەنگۆلی" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Тогтмол санах ой" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="مەنگۆلی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%97-%EA%AF%91%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%9F%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A4_%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%A4" title="ꯔꯤꯗ-ꯑꯣꯟꯂꯤ ꯃꯦꯃꯣꯔꯤ – مانیپووری" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯔꯤꯗ-ꯑꯣꯟꯂꯤ ꯃꯦꯃꯣꯔꯤ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="مانیپووری" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingatan_baca_sahaja" title="Ingatan baca sahaja – مالیزی" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Ingatan baca sahaja" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="مالیزی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Read-only_memory" title="Read-only memory – هۆڵەندی" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Read-only memory" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="هۆڵەندی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Read-only_memory" title="Read-only memory – نەرویژیی نینۆرسک" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Read-only memory" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="نەرویژیی نینۆرسک" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skrivebeskyttet_minne" title="Skrivebeskyttet minne – نەرویژیی بۆکمال" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Skrivebeskyttet minne" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="نەرویژیی بۆکمال" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%AE_(%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80)" title="ਰੋਮ (ਮੈਮਰੀ) – پەنجابی" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਰੋਮ (ਮੈਮਰੀ)" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="پەنجابی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pami%C4%99%C4%87_tylko_do_odczytu" title="Pamięć tylko do odczytu – پۆڵەندی" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Pamięć tylko do odczytu" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="پۆڵەندی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mem%C3%B3ria_somente_de_leitura" title="Memória somente de leitura – پورتوگالی" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Memória somente de leitura" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="پورتوگالی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memorie_ROM" title="Memorie ROM – ڕۆمانی" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Memorie ROM" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="ڕۆمانی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8E%D1%89%D0%B5%D0%B5_%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Постоянное запоминающее устройство – ڕووسی" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Постоянное запоминающее устройство" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ڕووسی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/ROM" title="ROM – سێربۆكرواتی" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="ROM" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="سێربۆكرواتی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B4%E0%B6%A8%E0%B6%B1_%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB_%E0%B6%B8%E0%B6%AD%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%BA" title="පඨන මාත්‍ර මතකය – سینهالی" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="පඨන මාත්‍ර මතකය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="سینهالی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Read-only_memory" title="Read-only memory – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Read-only memory" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permanentn%C3%A1_pam%C3%A4%C5%A5_(ROM)" title="Permanentná pamäť (ROM) – سلۆڤاكی" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Permanentná pamäť (ROM)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="سلۆڤاكی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bralni_pomnilnik" title="Bralni pomnilnik – سلۆڤێنی" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Bralni pomnilnik" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="سلۆڤێنی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kujtesa_vet%C3%ABm_p%C3%ABr_lexim" title="Kujtesa vetëm për lexim – ئەڵبانی" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Kujtesa vetëm për lexim" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="ئەڵبانی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/ROM" title="ROM – سربی" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="ROM" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="سربی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/ROM" title="ROM – سوندانی" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="ROM" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="سوندانی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Read-only_memory" title="Read-only memory – سویدی" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Read-only memory" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="سویدی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/KUSOTU" title="KUSOTU – سواهیلی" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="KUSOTU" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="سواهیلی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BE_%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="மாற்றவியலா நினைவகம் – تامیلی" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மாற்றவியலா நினைவகம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="تامیلی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%93%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%80_%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%80" title="రీడ్ ఓన్లీ మెమరీ – تێلووگوو" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="రీడ్ ఓన్లీ మెమరీ" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="تێلووگوو" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Хотираи берунии компютер – تاجیکی" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Хотираи берунии компютер" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="تاجیکی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A7" title="หน่วยความจำอ่านอย่างเดียว – تایلەندی" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="หน่วยความจำอ่านอย่างเดียว" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="تایلەندی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sadece_okunabilir_bellek" title="Sadece okunabilir bellek – تورکی" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Sadece okunabilir bellek" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="تورکی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/ROM" title="ROM – ئۆیخۆری" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ROM" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="ئۆیخۆری" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BC%27%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%8C_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%96%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B7%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Пам'ять постійного зберігання – ئۆكراینی" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Пам'ять постійного зберігання" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ئۆكراینی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%88_%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%86%D9%84%DB%8C_%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="ریڈ اونلی میموری – ئۆردوو" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ریڈ اونلی میموری" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="ئۆردوو" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%E1%BB%99_nh%E1%BB%9B_ch%E1%BB%89_%C4%91%E1%BB%8Dc" title="Bộ nhớ chỉ đọc – ڤیەتنامی" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Bộ nhớ chỉ đọc" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="ڤیەتنامی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%AA%E8%AF%BB%E5%AD%98%E5%82%A8%E5%99%A8" title="只读存储器 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="只读存储器" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%94%AF%E8%AE%80%E8%A8%98%E6%86%B6%E9%AB%94" title="唯讀記憶體 – چینی" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="唯讀記憶體" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="چینی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/ROM" title="ROM – کانتۆنی" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="ROM" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="کانتۆنی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q160710#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="بەستەرەکانی نێوانویکی دەستکاری بکە" class="wbc-editpage">دەستکاریی گرێدانەکان</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="شوێنناوەکان"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet 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href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A8%DB%95%D8%AA:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fckb.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25D8%25A8%25DB%258C%25D8%25B1%25DA%25AF%25DB%2595%25DB%258C_%25DA%25BE%25DB%2595%25D8%25B1-%25D8%25AE%25D9%2588%25DB%258E%25D9%2586%25D8%25AF%25D9%2586%25DB%258C"><span>بەستەری کورتکراوە بەدەست بێنە</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A8%DB%95%D8%AA:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fckb.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25D8%25A8%25DB%258C%25D8%25B1%25DA%25AF%25DB%2595%25DB%258C_%25DA%25BE%25DB%2595%25D8%25B1-%25D8%25AE%25D9%2588%25DB%258E%25D9%2586%25D8%25AF%25D9%2586%25DB%258C"><span>کۆدی کیوئاڕ داگرە</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> چاپکردن/ھەناردەکردن </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A8%DB%95%D8%AA:Book&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%B1%DA%AF%DB%95%DB%8C+%DA%BE%DB%95%D8%B1-%D8%AE%D9%88%DB%8E%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%86%DB%8C"><span>دروستکردنی کتێبێک</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A8%DB%95%D8%AA:DownloadAsPdf&page=%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%B1%DA%AF%DB%95%DB%8C_%DA%BE%DB%95%D8%B1-%D8%AE%D9%88%DB%8E%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%86%DB%8C&action=show-download-screen"><span>داگرتن بە PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%B1%DA%AF%DB%95%DB%8C_%DA%BE%DB%95%D8%B1-%D8%AE%D9%88%DB%8E%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%86%DB%8C&printable=yes" title="وەشانی چاپی ئەم پەڕەیە [p]" accesskey="p"><span>وەشانی ئامادەی چاپ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> لە پڕۆژەکانی تر </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:ROM" hreflang="en"><span>ویکیمیدیا کۆمنز</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q160710" title="بەستەر بۆ بەندی خەزێنەی دراوەی پەیوەندیدار [g]" accesskey="g"><span>بەندی ویکیدراوە</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="ئامرازەکانی پەڕە"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="ڕواڵەت"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">ڕواڵەت</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">بخە لاتەنیشت</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">بشارەوە</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">لە ئینسایکڵۆپیدیای ئازادی ویکیپیدیاوە</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-rtl mw-parser-output" lang="ckb" dir="rtl"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%95%DA%95%DA%AF%DB%95:ROM_.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/ROM_.jpg/220px-ROM_.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/ROM_.jpg/330px-ROM_.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/ROM_.jpg/440px-ROM_.jpg 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="440" /></a><figcaption>ڕۆم</figcaption></figure> <p><b>بیرگەی ھەر-خوێندنی</b> یان <b>ڕۆم</b> (ROM, Read-only memory) <a href="/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%86%DA%AF%DB%95%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%88%DB%95%DB%8C_%DA%A9%DB%86%D9%85%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%AA%DB%95%D8%B1" title="کۆگەی دراوەی کۆمپیوتەر">کۆگەیەکە</a> کە لە کۆمپیوتەرەکان و ئامێرە ئەلەکترۆنیکەکانی تردا بەکەڵکە. تایبەتمەندییەکەی ئەوەیە کە <a href="/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%88%DB%95" title="دراوە">دراوەکەی</a> ناوی بەئاسانی ناگۆڕدرێ، بۆیە پێی ئەوترێ «ھەر-خوێندنی»، ھەر بەم بۆنەشەوە زیاتر بۆ بەشینەوەی <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%BE%D8%AA%DB%95%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8E%D8%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="پتەوامێر (ئەم پەڕەیە نییە)">پتەوامێر</a> (firmware) بەکار ئەھێنرێ. مەبەست لە پتەوامێر ئەو <a href="/wiki/%D9%86%DB%95%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8E%D8%B1" title="نەرمامێر">نەرمامێرەیە</a> کە زۆر لە نزیکەوە بە <a href="/wiki/%DA%95%DB%95%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8E%D8%B1" title="ڕەقامێر">ڕەقامێرێکی</a> تایبەتەوە گرێ درابێ و، ڕێی تێ نەچێ زووبەزوو نوێ و بەڕۆژ بکرێتەوە. </p><p>ڕۆم لە شێوەی پارچه‌یه‌کی بچووکدا لەسەر <a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%95%D8%B1%D8%A8%DB%86%D8%B1%D8%AF" title="مادەربۆرد">مادەربۆرد</a> جێگیر ئەکرێت و لە لایەن ھەمان کۆمپانیای بەرھەمھێنەری مادەربۆردەکەوە بەرھەم ئەھێنرێت و بەرنامەیەکی تیا ئەنووسرێت ناسراو بە <a href="/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%86%D8%B3" title="بایۆس">بایۆس</a>. بایۆس لە سه‌رەتای وەگەڕکەوتنی کۆمپیوته‌ردا تاقیکردنەوەی ڕەقامێرەکانی لە ئەستۆیە و لە ئامادەبوون و وەڵامدانەوەیان خۆی دڵنیا ئەکاتەوە و، ھاوکات ڕاپۆرتی کارەکەشی لەسەر پەردە (screen) چاپ ئەکات. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ئەمانەش_ببینە"><span id=".D8.A6.DB.95.D9.85.D8.A7.D9.86.DB.95.D8.B4_.D8.A8.D8.A8.DB.8C.D9.86.DB.95"></span>ئەمانەش ببینە</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%B1%DA%AF%DB%95%DB%8C_%DA%BE%DB%95%D8%B1-%D8%AE%D9%88%DB%8E%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%86%DB%8C&action=edit&section=1" title="دەستکاریکردنی بەش: ئەمانەش ببینە"><span>دەستکاری</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=EEPROM&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="EEPROM (ئەم پەڕەیە نییە)">EEPROM</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=EPROM&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="EPROM (ئەم پەڕەیە نییە)">EPROM</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=PROM&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PROM (ئەم پەڕەیە نییە)">PROM</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%81%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B4_(%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%B1%DA%AF%DB%95)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="فلاش (بیرگە) (ئەم پەڕەیە نییە)">فلاش</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%B1%DA%AF%DB%95%DB%8C_%DA%95%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%95%D9%88%D8%AE%DB%86-%D8%AF%DB%95%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%BE%DB%8E%DA%AF%DB%95%DB%8C%D8%B4%D8%AA%DB%95%D9%86%DB%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="بیرگەی ڕاستەوخۆ-دەستپێگەیشتەنی (ئەم پەڕەیە نییە)">بیرگەی ڕاستەوخۆ-دەستپێگەیشتەنی</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%B1%DA%AF%DB%95%DB%8C_%DA%BE%DB%95%D8%B1-%D9%86%D9%88%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%95%D9%86%DB%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="بیرگەی ھەر-نووسەنی (ئەم پەڕەیە نییە)">بیرگەی ھەر-نووسەنی</a></li></ul> <table role="presentation" class="mbox-small plainlinks sistersitebox" style="background-color:#f9f9f9;border:1px solid #aaa;color:#000"> <tbody><tr> <td class="mbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></td> <td class="mbox-text plainlist">کۆمنزی ویکیمیدیا، میدیای پەیوەندیدار بە <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:ROM" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:ROM">بیرگەی ھەر-خوێندنی</a></b></i> تێدایە.</td></tr> </tbody></table> <ul class="bandeau-portail وێنۆچکەکان" id="bandeau-portail"> <li class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone" style="margin-right:1em"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%95%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%95:%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%8C_%DA%A9%DB%86%D9%85%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%AA%DB%95%D8%B1" title="دەروازە:زانستی کۆمپیوتەر"><img alt="ھێمای دەروازە" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Picture_for_wikipedia382.png/28px-Picture_for_wikipedia382.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Picture_for_wikipedia382.png/42px-Picture_for_wikipedia382.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Picture_for_wikipedia382.png/56px-Picture_for_wikipedia382.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="1280" /></a></span></span><span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%95%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%95:%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%8C_%DA%A9%DB%86%D9%85%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%AA%DB%95%D8%B1" title="دەروازە:زانستی کۆمپیوتەر">دەروازەی زانستی کۆمپیوتەر</a></span></li> <li class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone" style="margin-right:1em"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%95%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%95:%DA%A9%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%95%DB%8C_%DA%A4%DB%8C%D8%AF%DB%8C%DB%86%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="دەروازە:کایەی ڤیدیۆیی"><img alt="ھێمای دەروازە" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Video-Game-Controller-Icon-IDV-edit.svg/28px-Video-Game-Controller-Icon-IDV-edit.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Video-Game-Controller-Icon-IDV-edit.svg/42px-Video-Game-Controller-Icon-IDV-edit.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Video-Game-Controller-Icon-IDV-edit.svg/56px-Video-Game-Controller-Icon-IDV-edit.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="249" data-file-height="249" /></a></span></span><span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%95%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%95:%DA%A9%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%95%DB%8C_%DA%A4%DB%8C%D8%AF%DB%8C%DB%86%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="دەروازە:کایەی ڤیدیۆیی">دەروازەی کایەی ڤیدیۆیی</a></span></li> <li class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone" style="margin-right:1em"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%95%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%95:%DA%A9%DB%86%D9%85%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%AA%DB%95%D8%B1" title="دەروازە:کۆمپیوتەر"><img alt="ھێمای دەروازە" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Desktop_computer_clipart_-_Yellow_theme.svg/32px-Desktop_computer_clipart_-_Yellow_theme.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Desktop_computer_clipart_-_Yellow_theme.svg/48px-Desktop_computer_clipart_-_Yellow_theme.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Desktop_computer_clipart_-_Yellow_theme.svg/64px-Desktop_computer_clipart_-_Yellow_theme.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="281" data-file-height="203" /></a></span></span><span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%95%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%95:%DA%A9%DB%86%D9%85%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%AA%DB%95%D8%B1" title="دەروازە:کۆمپیوتەر">دەروازەی کۆمپیوتەر</a></span></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">وەرگیراو لە «<a dir="ltr" href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=بیرگەی_ھەر-خوێندنی&oldid=1277894">https://ckb.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=بیرگەی_ھەر-خوێندنی&oldid=1277894</a>»</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A8%DB%95%D8%AA:%D9%BE%DB%86%D9%84%DB%95%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86" title="تایبەت:پۆلەکان">پۆل</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%86%D9%84:%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%B1%DA%AF%DB%95%DB%8C_%DA%A9%DB%86%D9%85%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%AA%DB%95%D8%B1" title="پۆل:بیرگەی کۆمپیوتەر">بیرگەی کۆمپیوتەر</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">پۆلە شاردراوەکان: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%86%D9%84:%D9%BE%DB%86%D9%84%DB%8C_%DA%A9%DB%86%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B2_%D8%A8%DB%95_%D8%A8%DB%95%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%95%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%AE%DB%86%D9%85%D8%A7%DA%B5%DB%8C%DB%8C_%DB%8C%DB%95%DA%A9%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%84%DB%95%DA%AF%DB%95%DA%B5_%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%88%DB%95" title="پۆل:پۆلی کۆمنز بە بەستەری خۆماڵیی یەکسان لەگەڵ ویکیدراوە">پۆلی کۆمنز بە بەستەری خۆماڵیی یەکسان لەگەڵ ویکیدراوە</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%86%D9%84:%D8%AF%DB%95%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%95%DB%8C_%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%8C_%DA%A9%DB%86%D9%85%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%AA%DB%95%D8%B1/%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%95_%D9%BE%DB%95%DB%8C%D9%88%DB%95%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%95%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86" title="پۆل:دەروازەی زانستی کۆمپیوتەر/وتارە پەیوەندیدارەکان">دەروازەی زانستی کۆمپیوتەر/وتارە پەیوەندیدارەکان</a></li><li><a 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href="/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%86%D9%84:%DA%BE%DB%95%D9%85%D9%88%D9%88_%D8%A6%DB%95%D9%88_%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%95%DB%8C_%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%88%DA%B5%DB%8C_%D8%AF%DB%95%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%95%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A8%DB%95%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%BE%DB%8E%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%88%DB%95" title="پۆل:ھەموو ئەو وتارانەی تووڵی دەروازەیان بەکارھێناوە">ھەموو ئەو وتارانەی تووڵی دەروازەیان بەکارھێناوە</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> ئەم پەڕەیە دواجار لە ‏١٣:٤٥ی ‏١٩ی ئابی ٢٠٢٤ نوێ کراوەتەوە.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">دەق لەژێر <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License</a> لەبەردەستە؛ لەوانەیە مەرجی تریشی پێوە ببێت. بۆ وردەکاری <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">مەرجەکانی 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