CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="pl" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Pamięć tylko do odczytu – Wikipedia, wolna encyklopedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )plwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":[",\t."," \t,"],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""], "wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","styczeń","luty","marzec","kwiecień","maj","czerwiec","lipiec","sierpień","wrzesień","październik","listopad","grudzień"],"wgRequestId":"dd580cf9-6103-460d-b875-97740a65da37","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Pamięć_tylko_do_odczytu","wgTitle":"Pamięć tylko do odczytu","wgCurRevisionId":74043810,"wgRevisionId":74043810,"wgArticleId":5149,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Pamięci nieulotne"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"pl","wgPageContentLanguage":"pl","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Pamięć_tylko_do_odczytu","wgRelevantArticleId":5149,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"accuracy":{"levels":1}}}, "wgStableRevisionId":74043810,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"pl","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"pl"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":3000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q160710","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.gadget.wikiflex":"ready", "ext.gadget.infobox":"ready","ext.gadget.hlist":"ready","ext.gadget.darkmode-overrides":"ready","ext.gadget.small-references":"ready","ext.gadget.citation-access-info":"ready","ext.gadget.sprawdz-problemy-szablony":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.flaggedRevs.basic":"ready","mediawiki.codex.messagebox.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP", "ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.flaggedRevs.advanced","ext.gadget.ll-script-loader","ext.gadget.veKeepParameters","ext.gadget.szablon-galeria","ext.gadget.NavFrame","ext.gadget.citoid-overrides","ext.gadget.maps","ext.gadget.padlock-indicators","ext.gadget.interwiki-langlist","ext.gadget.edit-summaries","ext.gadget.edit-first-section","ext.gadget.wikibugs","ext.gadget.map-toggler","ext.gadget.narrowFootnoteColumns","ext.gadget.WDsearch","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=pl&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.flaggedRevs.basic%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cmediawiki.codex.messagebox.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=pl&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=pl&modules=ext.gadget.citation-access-info%2Cdarkmode-overrides%2Chlist%2Cinfobox%2Csmall-references%2Csprawdz-problemy-szablony%2Cwikiflex&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=pl&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.5"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fd/Amiga-CD32-Motherboard-Top_cr_MX8100-1002_Kickstart3_1.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="394"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Amiga-CD32-Motherboard-Top_cr_MX8100-1002_Kickstart3_1.jpg/800px-Amiga-CD32-Motherboard-Top_cr_MX8100-1002_Kickstart3_1.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="263"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Amiga-CD32-Motherboard-Top_cr_MX8100-1002_Kickstart3_1.jpg/640px-Amiga-CD32-Motherboard-Top_cr_MX8100-1002_Kickstart3_1.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="210"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Pamięć tylko do odczytu – Wikipedia, wolna encyklopedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//pl.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pami%C4%99%C4%87_tylko_do_odczytu"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edytuj" href="/w/index.php?title=Pami%C4%99%C4%87_tylko_do_odczytu&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (pl)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//pl.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pami%C4%99%C4%87_tylko_do_odczytu"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.pl"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Kanał Atom Wikipedii" href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:Ostatnie_zmiany&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Pamięć_tylko_do_odczytu rootpage-Pamięć_tylko_do_odczytu skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Przejdź do zawartości</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Witryna"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Menu główne" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Menu główne</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Menu główne</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">przypnij</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">ukryj</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Nawigacja </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Strona_g%C5%82%C3%B3wna" title="Przejdź na stronę główną [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Strona główna</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Losowa_strona" title="Załaduj losową stronę [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Losuj artykuł</span></a></li><li id="n-Kategorie" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Kategorie_G%C5%82%C3%B3wne"><span>Kategorie artykułów</span></a></li><li id="n-Featured-articles" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wyr%C3%B3%C5%BCniona_zawarto%C5%9B%C4%87_Wikipedii"><span>Najlepsze artykuły</span></a></li><li id="n-FAQ" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pomoc:FAQ"><span>Częste pytania (FAQ)</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-zmiany" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-zmiany" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dla czytelników </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-czytelnicy" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:O_Wikipedii"><span>O Wikipedii</span></a></li><li id="n-contact" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kontakt_z_wikipedystami"><span>Kontakt</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-edytorzy" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-edytorzy" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dla wikipedystów </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-pierwsze-kroki" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pomoc:Pierwsze_kroki"><span>Pierwsze kroki</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Portal_wikipedyst%C3%B3w" title="O projekcie – co możesz zrobić, gdzie możesz znaleźć informacje"><span>Portal wikipedystów</span></a></li><li id="n-Noticeboard" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tablica_og%C5%82osze%C5%84"><span>Ogłoszenia</span></a></li><li id="n-Guidelines" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Zasady"><span>Zasady</span></a></li><li id="n-helppage-name" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pomoc:Spis_tre%C5%9Bci"><span>Pomoc</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Ostatnie_zmiany" title="Lista ostatnich zmian w Wikipedii. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Ostatnie zmiany</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Strona_g%C5%82%C3%B3wna" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="wolna encyklopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-pl.svg" width="120" height="13" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Szukaj" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Przeszukaj Wikipedię [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Szukaj</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Przeszukaj Wikipedię" aria-label="Przeszukaj Wikipedię" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Przeszukaj Wikipedię [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Specjalna:Szukaj"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Szukaj</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Narzędzia osobiste"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Wygląd"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Zmień rozmiar czcionki, szerokość oraz kolorystykę strony" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Wygląd" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Wygląd</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_pl.wikipedia.org&uselang=pl" class=""><span>Wspomóż Wikipedię</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:Utw%C3%B3rz_konto&returnto=Pami%C4%99%C4%87+tylko+do+odczytu" title="Zachęcamy do stworzenia konta i zalogowania, ale nie jest to obowiązkowe." class=""><span>Utwórz konto</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:Zaloguj&returnto=Pami%C4%99%C4%87+tylko+do+odczytu" title="Zachęcamy do zalogowania się, choć nie jest to obowiązkowe. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Zaloguj się</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Więcej opcji" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Narzędzia osobiste" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Narzędzia osobiste</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Menu użytkownika" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_pl.wikipedia.org&uselang=pl"><span>Wspomóż Wikipedię</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:Utw%C3%B3rz_konto&returnto=Pami%C4%99%C4%87+tylko+do+odczytu" title="Zachęcamy do stworzenia konta i zalogowania, ale nie jest to obowiązkowe."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Utwórz konto</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:Zaloguj&returnto=Pami%C4%99%C4%87+tylko+do+odczytu" title="Zachęcamy do zalogowania się, choć nie jest to obowiązkowe. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Zaloguj się</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Strony dla anonimowych edytorów <a href="/wiki/Pomoc:Pierwsze_kroki" aria-label="Dowiedz się więcej na temat edytowania"><span>dowiedz się więcej</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:M%C3%B3j_wk%C5%82ad" title="Lista edycji wykonanych z tego adresu IP [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Edycje</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Moja_dyskusja" title="Dyskusja użytkownika dla tego adresu IP [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Dyskusja</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Witryna"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Spis treści" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Spis treści</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">przypnij</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ukryj</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Początek</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Rodzaje_pamięci_ROM" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rodzaje_pamięci_ROM"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Rodzaje pamięci ROM</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rodzaje_pamięci_ROM-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zobacz_też" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zobacz_też"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Zobacz też</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zobacz_też-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Przypisy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Przypisy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Przypisy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Przypisy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Spis treści" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Przełącz stan spisu treści" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Przełącz stan spisu treści</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Pamięć tylko do odczytu</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Przejdź do artykułu w innym języku. Treść dostępna w 74 językach" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-74" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">74 języki</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B0%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A1%D8%A9_%D9%81%D9%82%D8%B7" title="ذاكرة القراءة فقط – arabski" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ذاكرة القراءة فقط" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memoria_de_solo_llectura" title="Memoria de solo llectura – asturyjski" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Memoria de solo llectura" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daimi_yadda%C5%9F_qur%C4%9Fusu" title="Daimi yaddaş qurğusu – azerbejdżański" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Daimi yaddaş qurğusu" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbejdżański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AE" title="রম – bengalski" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="রম" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Пастаянная запамінальная прылада – białoruski" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Пастаянная запамінальная прылада" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="białoruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/ROM" title="ROM – bułgarski" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="ROM" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bułgarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/ROM" title="ROM – bośniacki" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="ROM" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bośniacki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mem%C3%B2ria_ROM" title="Memòria ROM – kataloński" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Memòria ROM" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="kataloński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/ROM" title="ROM – czeski" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="ROM" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="czeski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/ROM" title="ROM – walijski" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="ROM" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="walijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rom_(hukommelse)" title="Rom (hukommelse) – duński" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Rom (hukommelse)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="duński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Festwertspeicher" title="Festwertspeicher – niemiecki" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Festwertspeicher" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="niemiecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%BCsim%C3%A4lu" title="Püsimälu – estoński" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Püsimälu" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/ROM_(%CE%BC%CE%BD%CE%AE%CE%BC%CE%B7)" title="ROM (μνήμη) – grecki" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="ROM (μνήμη)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Read-only_memory" title="Read-only memory – angielski" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Read-only memory" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angielski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memoria_de_solo_lectura" title="Memoria de solo lectura – hiszpański" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Memoria de solo lectura" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="hiszpański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Read_Only_Memory" title="Read Only Memory – baskijski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Read Only Memory" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%B8%D9%87_%D9%81%D9%82%D8%B7_%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%86%DB%8C" title="حافظه فقط خواندنی – perski" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="حافظه فقط خواندنی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A9moire_morte" title="Mémoire morte – francuski" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Mémoire morte" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francuski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%AAs%C3%BBnth%C3%A2ld" title="Lêsûnthâld – zachodniofryzyjski" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Lêsûnthâld" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="zachodniofryzyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memorie_di_sole_leture" title="Memorie di sole leture – friulski" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Memorie di sole leture" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="friulski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuimhne_inl%C3%A9ite_amh%C3%A1in" title="Cuimhne inléite amháin – irlandzki" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Cuimhne inléite amháin" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/ROM" title="ROM – galicyjski" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="ROM" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B3%A0%EC%A0%95_%EA%B8%B0%EC%96%B5_%EC%9E%A5%EC%B9%98" title="고정 기억 장치 – koreański" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="고정 기억 장치" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AE_(ROM)" title="रोम (ROM) – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="रोम (ROM)" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/ROM" title="ROM – chorwacki" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="ROM" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="chorwacki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memori_hanya_baca" title="Memori hanya baca – indonezyjski" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Memori hanya baca" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonezyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lesminni" title="Lesminni – islandzki" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Lesminni" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Read_Only_Memory" title="Read Only Memory – włoski" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Read Only Memory" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="włoski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%96%D7%99%D7%9B%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%9C%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%90%D7%94_%D7%91%D7%9C%D7%91%D7%93" title="זיכרון לקריאה בלבד – hebrajski" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="זיכרון לקריאה בלבד" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D2%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D2%9B%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%83_%D2%9B%D2%B1%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BB%D2%93%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Тұрақты жадтау құрылғысы – kazachski" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Тұрақты жадтау құрылғысы" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazachski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/KUSOTU" title="KUSOTU – suahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="KUSOTU" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="suahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memoria_fixa" title="Memoria fixa – łaciński" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Memoria fixa" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="łaciński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Las%C4%81matmi%C5%86a" title="Lasāmatmiņa – łotewski" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Lasāmatmiņa" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="łotewski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pastovioji_atmintis" title="Pastovioji atmintis – litewski" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Pastovioji atmintis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litewski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Read_Only_Memory" title="Read Only Memory – lombardzki" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Read Only Memory" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/ROM" title="ROM – węgierski" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="ROM" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="węgierski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/ROM_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="ROM меморија – macedoński" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="ROM меморија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%92%E0%B5%BA%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF_%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF" title="റീഡ് ഒൺലി മെമ്മറി – malajalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="റീഡ് ഒൺലി മെമ്മറി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingatan_baca_sahaja" title="Ingatan baca sahaja – malajski" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Ingatan baca sahaja" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%97-%EA%AF%91%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%9F%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A4_%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%A4" title="ꯔꯤꯗ-ꯑꯣꯟꯂꯤ ꯃꯦꯃꯣꯔꯤ – manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯔꯤꯗ-ꯑꯣꯟꯂꯤ ꯃꯦꯃꯣꯔꯤ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB_%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%85_%D0%BE%D0%B9" title="Тогтмол санах ой – mongolski" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Тогтмол санах ой" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Read-only_memory" title="Read-only memory – niderlandzki" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Read-only memory" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="niderlandzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Read_only_memory" title="Read only memory – japoński" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="Read only memory" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skrivebeskyttet_minne" title="Skrivebeskyttet minne – norweski (bokmål)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Skrivebeskyttet minne" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norweski (bokmål)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Read-only_memory" title="Read-only memory – norweski (nynorsk)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Read-only memory" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norweski (nynorsk)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%A8%D0%AF" title="ЭШЯ – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="ЭШЯ" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%AE_(%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80)" title="ਰੋਮ (ਮੈਮਰੀ) – pendżabski" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਰੋਮ (ਮੈਮਰੀ)" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="pendżabski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mem%C3%B3ria_somente_de_leitura" title="Memória somente de leitura – portugalski" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Memória somente de leitura" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memorie_ROM" title="Memorie ROM – rumuński" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Memorie ROM" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumuński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8E%D1%89%D0%B5%D0%B5_%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Постоянное запоминающее устройство – rosyjski" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Постоянное запоминающее устройство" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rosyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kujtesa_vet%C3%ABm_p%C3%ABr_lexim" title="Kujtesa vetëm për lexim – albański" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Kujtesa vetëm për lexim" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B4%E0%B6%A8%E0%B6%B1_%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB_%E0%B6%B8%E0%B6%AD%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%BA" title="පඨන මාත්‍ර මතකය – syngaleski" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="පඨන මාත්‍ර මතකය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="syngaleski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Read-only_memory" title="Read-only memory – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Read-only memory" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permanentn%C3%A1_pam%C3%A4%C5%A5_(ROM)" title="Permanentná pamäť (ROM) – słowacki" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Permanentná pamäť (ROM)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="słowacki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bralni_pomnilnik" title="Bralni pomnilnik – słoweński" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Bralni pomnilnik" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="słoweński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%B1%DA%AF%DB%95%DB%8C_%DA%BE%DB%95%D8%B1-%D8%AE%D9%88%DB%8E%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%86%DB%8C" title="بیرگەی ھەر-خوێندنی – sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="بیرگەی ھەر-خوێندنی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/ROM" title="ROM – serbski" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="ROM" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/ROM" title="ROM – serbsko-chorwacki" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="ROM" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbsko-chorwacki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/ROM" title="ROM – sundajski" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="ROM" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lukumuisti" title="Lukumuisti – fiński" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Lukumuisti" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="fiński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Read-only_memory" title="Read-only memory – szwedzki" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Read-only memory" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="szwedzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BE_%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="மாற்றவியலா நினைவகம் – tamilski" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மாற்றவியலா நினைவகம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%93%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%80_%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%80" title="రీడ్ ఓన్లీ మెమరీ – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="రీడ్ ఓన్లీ మెమరీ" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A7" title="หน่วยความจำอ่านอย่างเดียว – tajski" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="หน่วยความจำอ่านอย่างเดียว" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Хотираи берунии компютер – tadżycki" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Хотираи берунии компютер" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadżycki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sadece_okunabilir_bellek" title="Sadece okunabilir bellek – turecki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Sadece okunabilir bellek" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BC%27%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%8C_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%96%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B7%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Пам'ять постійного зберігання – ukraiński" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Пам'ять постійного зберігання" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukraiński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%88_%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%86%D9%84%DB%8C_%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="ریڈ اونلی میموری – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ریڈ اونلی میموری" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/ROM" title="ROM – ujgurski" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ROM" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="ujgurski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%E1%BB%99_nh%E1%BB%9B_ch%E1%BB%89_%C4%91%E1%BB%8Dc" title="Bộ nhớ chỉ đọc – wietnamski" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Bộ nhớ chỉ đọc" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="wietnamski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%AA%E8%AF%BB%E5%AD%98%E5%82%A8%E5%99%A8" title="只读存储器 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="只读存储器" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/ROM" title="ROM – kantoński" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="ROM" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%94%AF%E8%AE%80%E8%A8%98%E6%86%B6%E9%AB%94" title="唯讀記憶體 – chiński" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="唯讀記憶體" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chiński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q160710#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edytuj linki pomiędzy wersjami językowymi" class="wbc-editpage">Edytuj linki</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Przestrzenie nazw"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pami%C4%99%C4%87_tylko_do_odczytu" title="Zobacz stronę treści [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artykuł</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Dyskusja:Pami%C4%99%C4%87_tylko_do_odczytu" rel="discussion" title="Dyskusja o zawartości tej strony [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Dyskusja</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Zmień wariant języka" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">polski</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Widok"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pami%C4%99%C4%87_tylko_do_odczytu"><span>Czytaj</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pami%C4%99%C4%87_tylko_do_odczytu&veaction=edit" title="Edytuj tę stronę [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Edytuj</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pami%C4%99%C4%87_tylko_do_odczytu&action=edit" title="Edycja kodu źródłowego strony [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edytuj kod źródłowy</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pami%C4%99%C4%87_tylko_do_odczytu&action=history" title="Starsze wersje tej strony [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Wyświetl historię</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Narzędzia dla stron"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Narzędzia" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Narzędzia</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Narzędzia</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">przypnij</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">ukryj</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Więcej opcji" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Działania </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pami%C4%99%C4%87_tylko_do_odczytu"><span>Czytaj</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pami%C4%99%C4%87_tylko_do_odczytu&veaction=edit" title="Edytuj tę stronę [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Edytuj</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pami%C4%99%C4%87_tylko_do_odczytu&action=edit" title="Edycja kodu źródłowego strony [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edytuj kod źródłowy</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pami%C4%99%C4%87_tylko_do_odczytu&action=history"><span>Wyświetl historię</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Ogólne </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Linkuj%C4%85ce/Pami%C4%99%C4%87_tylko_do_odczytu" title="Pokaż listę wszystkich stron linkujących do tej strony [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Linkujące</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Zmiany_w_linkowanych/Pami%C4%99%C4%87_tylko_do_odczytu" rel="nofollow" title="Ostatnie zmiany w stronach, do których ta strona linkuje [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Zmiany w linkowanych</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Prześlij_plik" title="Prześlij pliki [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Prześlij plik</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Strony_specjalne" title="Lista wszystkich stron specjalnych [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Strony specjalne</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pami%C4%99%C4%87_tylko_do_odczytu&oldid=74043810" title="Stały link do tej wersji tej strony"><span>Link do tej wersji</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pami%C4%99%C4%87_tylko_do_odczytu&action=info" title="Więcej informacji na temat tej strony"><span>Informacje o tej stronie</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:Cytuj&page=Pami%C4%99%C4%87_tylko_do_odczytu&id=74043810&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informacja o tym jak należy cytować tę stronę"><span>Cytowanie tego artykułu</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:Skr%C3%B3%C4%87_adres_URL&url=https%3A%2F%2Fpl.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPami%25C4%2599%25C4%2587_tylko_do_odczytu"><span>Zobacz skrócony adres URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:Kod_QR&url=https%3A%2F%2Fpl.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPami%25C4%2599%25C4%2587_tylko_do_odczytu"><span>Pobierz kod QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Drukuj lub eksportuj </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCka&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Pami%C4%99%C4%87+tylko+do+odczytu"><span>Utwórz książkę</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:DownloadAsPdf&page=Pami%C4%99%C4%87_tylko_do_odczytu&action=show-download-screen"><span>Pobierz jako PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pami%C4%99%C4%87_tylko_do_odczytu&printable=yes" title="Wersja do wydruku [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Wersja do druku</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> W innych projektach </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:ROM" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q160710" title="Link do powiązanego elementu w repozytorium danych [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Element Wikidanych</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Narzędzia dla stron"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Wygląd"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Wygląd</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">przypnij</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ukryj</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Z Wikipedii, wolnej encyklopedii</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="pl" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Amiga-CD32-Motherboard-Top_cr_MX8100-1002_Kickstart3_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Amiga-CD32-Motherboard-Top_cr_MX8100-1002_Kickstart3_1.jpg/220px-Amiga-CD32-Motherboard-Top_cr_MX8100-1002_Kickstart3_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="72" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Amiga-CD32-Motherboard-Top_cr_MX8100-1002_Kickstart3_1.jpg/330px-Amiga-CD32-Motherboard-Top_cr_MX8100-1002_Kickstart3_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Amiga-CD32-Motherboard-Top_cr_MX8100-1002_Kickstart3_1.jpg/440px-Amiga-CD32-Motherboard-Top_cr_MX8100-1002_Kickstart3_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1035" data-file-height="340" /></a><figcaption>Pamięć ROM</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Pamięć tylko do odczytu</b>, <b>ROM</b> (<a href="/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_angielski" title="Język angielski">ang.</a> <em lang="en">read-only memory</em>) – <a href="/wiki/Pami%C4%99%C4%87_cyfrowa" title="Pamięć cyfrowa">pamięć</a> półprzewodnikowa urządzenia elektronicznego, w szczególności <a href="/wiki/Komputer" title="Komputer">komputera</a>, dane z niej można tylko odczytywać, natomiast zapis jest niemożliwy albo wymaga dodatkowych czynności lub sprzętu (na przykład <a href="/wiki/Programator" title="Programator">programatora</a>). W tego typu pamięciach przechowywane są dane, które muszą być zachowane po odłączeniu urządzenia od zasilania<sup id="cite_ref-eduinf_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eduinf-1">[1]</a></sup>. </p><p>Określenie ROM stosowane jest również w stosunku do optycznych (niepółprzewodnikowych), niekasowalnych nośników danych, między innymi <a href="/wiki/P%C5%82yta_kompaktowa" title="Płyta kompaktowa">CD-ROM</a>, <a href="/wiki/DVD" title="DVD">DVD-ROM</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rodzaje_pamięci_ROM"><span id="Rodzaje_pami.C4.99ci_ROM"></span>Rodzaje pamięci ROM</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pami%C4%99%C4%87_tylko_do_odczytu&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Edytuj sekcję: Rodzaje pamięci ROM" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pami%C4%99%C4%87_tylko_do_odczytu&action=edit&section=1" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Rodzaje pamięci ROM"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ze względu na metodę zapisu najpopularniejsze rodzaje pamięci ROM to: </p> <ul><li>ROM – pamięć tylko do odczytu programowana w trakcie produkcji. Czasami ROM jest zwana MROM (od ang. <i>mask-programmable ROM</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-eduinf_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eduinf-1">[1]</a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Programowalna_pami%C4%99%C4%87_tylko_do_odczytu" title="Programowalna pamięć tylko do odczytu">PROM</a> (<em lang="en">programmable ROM</em>) – programowalna pamięć jednokrotnego zapisu. Pierwsze pamięci tego typu były programowane przez przepalenie cieniutkich drucików wbudowanych w strukturę (tak zwane przepalanie połączeń), które zazwyczaj przeprowadza się w programatorach.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/EPROM" title="EPROM">EPROM</a> (<em lang="en">erasable programmable ROM</em>) – kasowalna pamięć tylko do odczytu, do której zaprogramowania potrzebne jest specjalne urządzenie, zwane programatorem PROM (ang. <i>PROM programmer</i> lub <i>PROM burner</i>). Pamięć tego typu do powtórnego zaprogramowania wymaga kasowania, które przeprowadza się przez naświetlanie <a href="/wiki/Ultrafiolet" title="Ultrafiolet">ultrafioletem</a>. Pamięci te montowane są zazwyczaj w obudowie ceramicznej z „okienkiem” ze <a href="/wiki/Szk%C5%82o_kwarcowe" title="Szkło kwarcowe">szkła kwarcowego</a>, umożliwiającym skasowanie<sup id="cite_ref-eduinf_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eduinf-1">[1]</a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/EEPROM" title="EEPROM">EEPROM</a> (<em lang="en">electrically erasable programmable ROM</em>) – pamięć kasowalna i programowalna elektrycznie, wykonywana w różnych postaciach, różniących się sposobem organizacji kasowania i zapisu<sup id="cite_ref-eduinf_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eduinf-1">[1]</a></sup>. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pami%C4%99%C4%87_flash" title="Pamięć flash"><i>flash</i> EEPROM</a> – rodzaj pamięci EEPROM, w których kasowanie odbywa się jednocześnie dla określonej w danym modelu części pamięci. Przy zapisywaniu dane są gromadzone w <a href="/wiki/Bufor_(programowanie)" title="Bufor (programowanie)">buforze</a> i zapisywane razem. Zwykle minimalny rozmiar obszaru pamięci, który musi być jednocześnie skasowany (w tym przypadku ustawiony na logiczne 1), i obszar, który musi być jednocześnie zapisany, są różne od siebie i pierwszy jest wielokrotnością drugiego.</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zobacz_też"><span id="Zobacz_te.C5.BC"></span>Zobacz też</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pami%C4%99%C4%87_tylko_do_odczytu&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Edytuj sekcję: Zobacz też" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pami%C4%99%C4%87_tylko_do_odczytu&action=edit&section=2" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Zobacz też"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="infobox noprint plainlinks" cellpadding="4" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:center; width:30px;"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/21px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/31px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/42px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> </td> <td style="line-height:normal; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center; flex:unset;"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:ROM?uselang=pl"><strong>Zobacz multimedia</strong> związane z tematem: <em>Pamięć tylko do odczytu</em></a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RAM" title="RAM">RAM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oprogramowanie_sprz%C4%99towe" title="Oprogramowanie sprzętowe">oprogramowanie sprzętowe</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Przypisy">Przypisy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pami%C4%99%C4%87_tylko_do_odczytu&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Edytuj sekcję: Przypisy" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pami%C4%99%C4%87_tylko_do_odczytu&action=edit&section=3" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Przypisy"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="do-not-make-smaller refsection"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-eduinf-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-eduinf_1-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-eduinf_1-1">b</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-eduinf_1-2">c</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-eduinf_1-3">d</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eduinf.waw.pl/inf/alg/002_struct/0045.php"><i>Bit w zastosowaniach – Pamięć stała ROM, PROM, EPROM, EEPROM, FLASH i NV-RAM</i></a> [online], eduinf.waw.pl<span class="accessdate"> [dostęp 2022-04-05]</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=Bit+w+zastosowaniach+%E2%80%93+Pami%C4%99%C4%87+sta%C5%82a+ROM%2C+PROM%2C+EPROM%2C+EEPROM%2C+FLASH+i+NV-RAM&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feduinf.waw.pl%2Finf%2Falg%2F002_struct%2F0045.php" style="display:none"> </span>.</cite></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox do-not-make-smaller mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" data-expandtext="pokaż" data-collapsetext="ukryj"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r74983602">.mw-parser-output .navbox{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);margin:auto;text-align:center;padding:3px;margin-top:1em;clear:both}.mw-parser-output table.navbox:not(.pionowy){width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox{border-top:0;margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox.pionowy{width:250px;float:right;clear:right;margin:0 0 0.4em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .navbox.pionowy .before,.mw-parser-output .navbox.pionowy .after{padding:0.5em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox>.caption,.mw-parser-output .navbox>tbody>tr>th{background:#ccf;text-align:center;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .navbox .tnavbar{font-weight:normal;font-size:xx-small;white-space:nowrap;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox>.tnavbar{margin-left:1em;float:left}.mw-parser-output .navbox .below>hr+.tnavbar{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mw-parser-output .navbox .below>.tnavbar:before{content:"Ten szablon: "}.mw-parser-output .navbox .tnavbar li:after{content:" · "}.mw-parser-output .navbox .tnavbar li:last-child:after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .navbox hr{margin:0.2em 1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox .title{background:#ddf;text-align:center;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .navbox>.mw-collapsible-content:not(.grupa-szablonów-nawigacyjnych){margin-top:2px;padding:0;font-size:smaller;overflow:auto}.mw-parser-output .navbox .above+div,.mw-parser-output .navbox .above+.navbox-main-content,.mw-parser-output .navbox .below,.mw-parser-output .navbox .title+.grid{margin-top:2px}.mw-parser-output .navbox>.mw-collapsible-content>.above,.mw-parser-output .navbox>.mw-collapsible-content>.below{background:#ddf;text-align:center;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mw-parser-output .navbox:not(.pionowy) .flex{display:flex;flex-direction:row}.mw-parser-output .navbox .flex>.before,.mw-parser-output .navbox .flex>.after{align-self:center;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox .flex>.navbox-main-content{flex-grow:1}.mw-parser-output .navbox:not(.pionowy) .before{margin-right:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navbox:not(.pionowy) .after{margin-left:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navbox .inner-columns,.mw-parser-output .navbox .inner-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox .inner-standard{border-spacing:0;border-collapse:collapse;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox .inner-standard>tbody>tr>.opis{text-align:right;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .navbox .inner-standard>tbody>tr>.opis+.spis{border-left:2px solid var(--background-color-base,#fff);text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbox .inner-standard>tbody>tr>td{padding:0;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox .inner-standard>tbody>tr>td:first-child{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox .inner-standard .inner-standard>tbody>tr>td{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbox .inner-standard>tbody>tr>.navbox-odd,.mw-parser-output .navbox .inner-standard>tbody>tr>.navbox-even{padding:0 0.3em}.mw-parser-output .navbox .inner-standard>tbody>tr+tr>th,.mw-parser-output .navbox .inner-standard>tbody>tr+tr>td{border-top:2px solid var(--background-color-base,#fff)}.mw-parser-output .navbox .inner-standard>tbody>tr>th+td{border-left:2px solid var(--background-color-base,#fff)}.mw-parser-output .navbox .inner-columns{table-layout:fixed}.mw-parser-output .navbox .inner-columns>tbody>tr>th,.mw-parser-output .navbox .inner-columns>tbody>tr>td{padding:0;border-left:2px solid var(--background-color-base,#fff);border-right:2px solid var(--background-color-base,#fff)}.mw-parser-output .navbox .inner-columns>tbody>tr>td{vertical-align:top}.mw-parser-output .navbox .inner-columns>tbody>tr+tr>td{border-top:2px solid var(--background-color-base,#fff)}.mw-parser-output .navbox .inner-columns>tbody>tr>th:first-child,.mw-parser-output .navbox .inner-columns>tbody>tr>td:first-child{border-left:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .inner-columns>tbody>tr>th:last-child,.mw-parser-output .navbox .inner-columns>tbody>tr>td:last-child{border-right:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .inner-columns>tbody>tr>td>ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox .inner-columns>tbody>tr>td>ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .inner-columns>tbody>tr>td>dl{text-align:left;column-width:24em}.mw-parser-output .navbox .inner-group>div+div,.mw-parser-output .navbox .inner-group>div>div+div,.mw-parser-output .navbox .inner-group>div>div+table{margin-top:2px}.mw-parser-output .navbox .inner-group>div>.opis,.mw-parser-output .navbox .inner-group>div>.spis{padding:0.1em 1em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox>.mw-collapsible-toggle,.mw-parser-output .navbox .inner-group>div.mw-collapsible>.mw-collapsible-toggle{width:4em;text-align:right;margin-right:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .navbox>.fakebar,.mw-parser-output .navbox .inner-group>div.mw-collapsible>.fakebar{float:left;width:4em;height:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox .opis{background:#ddf;padding:0 1em;white-space:nowrap;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .navbox.pionowy .opis{white-space:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbox.pionowy .navbox-even,.mw-parser-output .navbox:not(.pionowy) .navbox-odd{background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox.pionowy .navbox-odd,.mw-parser-output .navbox:not(.pionowy) .navbox-even{background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .navbox .inner-group>div>div+div{background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox p{margin:0;padding:0.3em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .opis.a1,.mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .a1 .opis{background:gold}.mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .opis.a2,.mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .a2 .opis{background:silver}.mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .opis.a3,.mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .a3 .opis{background:#c96}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox-main-content>ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox-main-content>dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox-main-content>ol{column-width:24em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbox ul{list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .navbox .references{background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hwrap .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hwrap .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hwrap .hlist li{white-space:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbox .rok{display:inline-block;width:4em;padding-right:0.5em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox-statistics{margin-top:2px;border-top:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);text-align:center;font-size:small}.mw-parser-output .navbox-summary>.title{font-weight:bold;font-size:larger}.mw-parser-output .navbox:not(.grupa-szablonów) .navbox{margin:0;border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox.grupa-szablonów>.grupa-szablonów-nawigacyjnych>.navbox:first-child{margin-top:2px}@media(max-width:800px){.mw-parser-output .navbox:not(.pionowy) .flex>.before,.mw-parser-output .navbox:not(.pionowy) .flex>.after{display:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox .opis img,.mw-parser-output .navbox .opis .flagicon,.mw-parser-output .navbox>.caption>.flagicon,.mw-parser-output .navbox>.caption>.image{display:none}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox>.caption,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox>tbody>tr>th{background-color:#3a3c3e}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox .title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox>.mw-collapsible-content>.above,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox>.mw-collapsible-content>.below,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox .opis{background-color:#303234}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .opis.a1,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .a1 .opis{background:#715f00}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .opis.a2,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .a2 .opis{background:#5f5f5f}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .opis.a3,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .a3 .opis{background:#764617}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox>.caption,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox>tbody>tr>th{background-color:#3a3c3e}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox .title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox>.mw-collapsible-content>.above,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox>.mw-collapsible-content>.below,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox .opis{background-color:#303234}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .opis.a1,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .a1 .opis{background:#715f00}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .opis.a2,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .a2 .opis{background:#5f5f5f}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .opis.a3,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .a3 .opis{background:#764617}}</style><ul class="tnavbar noprint plainlinks hlist"><li><a href="/wiki/Szablon:Pami%C4%99ci_cyfrowe" title="Szablon:Pamięci cyfrowe"><span title="Pokaż ten szablon">p</span></a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dyskusja_szablonu:Pami%C4%99ci_cyfrowe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dyskusja szablonu:Pamięci cyfrowe (strona nie istnieje)"><span title="Dyskusja na temat tego szablonu">d</span></a></li><li title="Możesz edytować ten szablon. Użyj przycisku podglądu przed zapisaniem zmian."><a class="external text" href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Szablon:Pami%C4%99ci_cyfrowe&action=edit">e</a></li></ul><div class="navbox-title caption"><a href="/wiki/Pami%C4%99%C4%87_cyfrowa" title="Pamięć cyfrowa">Pamięci cyfrowe</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pami%C4%99%C4%87_komputerowa" title="Pamięć komputerowa">komputerowe</a>) i <a href="/wiki/No%C5%9Bnik_danych" title="Nośnik danych">nośniki danych</a></div><div class="mw-collapsible-content"><div class="flex"><table class="navbox-main-content inner-standard"><tbody><tr class="a1"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Pami%C4%99%C4%87_masowa" title="Pamięć masowa">Pamięci masowe</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Pami%C4%99%C4%87_nieulotna" title="Pamięć nieulotna">nieulotne</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list spis"><table class="inner-standard"><tbody><tr class="a1_1"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row"><a href="/wiki/No%C5%9Bnik_magnetyczny" title="Nośnik magnetyczny">magnetyczne</a></th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-odd"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dysk_twardy" title="Dysk twardy">dysk twardy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dyskietka" title="Dyskietka">dyskietka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pami%C4%99%C4%87_ta%C5%9Bmowa" title="Pamięć taśmowa">pamięć taśmowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nap%C4%99d_Zip" title="Napęd Zip">napęd Zip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pami%C4%99%C4%87_b%C4%99bnowa" title="Pamięć bębnowa">pamięć bębnowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nap%C4%99d_ta%C5%9Bmowy" title="Napęd taśmowy">napęd taśmowy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karta_magnetyczna" title="Karta magnetyczna">karta magnetyczna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RDX_(nap%C4%99d_dyskowy)" title="RDX (napęd dyskowy)">RDX</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr class="a1_2"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Dysk_optyczny" title="Dysk optyczny">optyczne</a></th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-even"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blu-ray" title="Blu-ray">Blu-ray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HD_DVD" title="HD DVD">HD DVD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holographic_Versatile_Disc" title="Holographic Versatile Disc">HVD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C5%82yta_kompaktowa" title="Płyta kompaktowa">płyta kompaktowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DVD" title="DVD">DVD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Media_Disc" title="Universal Media Disc">UMD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GD-ROM" title="GD-ROM">GD-ROM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karta_dziurkowana" title="Karta dziurkowana">karta dziurkowana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ta%C5%9Bma_dziurkowana" title="Taśma dziurkowana">taśma dziurkowana</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr class="a1_3"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Pami%C4%99%C4%87_p%C3%B3%C5%82przewodnikowa" title="Pamięć półprzewodnikowa">półprzewodnikowe</a></th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-odd"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">ROM</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kartrid%C5%BC" title="Kartridż">kartridż</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Programowalna_pami%C4%99%C4%87_tylko_do_odczytu" title="Programowalna pamięć tylko do odczytu">PROM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EPROM" title="EPROM">EPROM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EEPROM" title="EEPROM">EEPROM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OTP_ROM" title="OTP ROM">OTP ROM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pami%C4%99%C4%87_flash" title="Pamięć flash">pamięć flash</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nap%C4%99d_SSD" title="Napęd SSD">napęd SSD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karta_pami%C4%99ci" title="Karta pamięci">karta pamięci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pami%C4%99%C4%87_USB" title="Pamięć USB">pamięć USB</a></li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr><tr class="a1_4"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row">hybrydowe</th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-even"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dysk_hybrydowy" title="Dysk hybrydowy">dysk hybrydowy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dysk_magnetooptyczny" title="Dysk magnetooptyczny">dysk magnetooptyczny</a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr class="a2"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Pami%C4%99%C4%87_operacyjna" title="Pamięć operacyjna">Pamięci operacyjne</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Pami%C4%99%C4%87_komputerowa#Ulotność" title="Pamięć komputerowa">ulotne</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list spis"><table class="inner-standard"><tbody><tr class="a2_1"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Pami%C4%99%C4%87_p%C3%B3%C5%82przewodnikowa" title="Pamięć półprzewodnikowa">półprzewodnikowe</a></th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-odd"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rejestr_procesora" title="Rejestr procesora">rejestr procesora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pami%C4%99%C4%87_podr%C4%99czna_procesora" title="Pamięć podręczna procesora">pamięć podręczna procesora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAM" title="RAM">RAM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IRAM" title="IRAM">iRAM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pami%C4%99%C4%87_wirtualna" title="Pamięć wirtualna">pamięć wirtualna</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr class="a2_2"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row">inne</th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-even"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pami%C4%99%C4%87_ferrytowa" title="Pamięć ferrytowa">pamięć ferrytowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pami%C4%99%C4%87_rt%C4%99ciowa" title="Pamięć rtęciowa">pamięć rtęciowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pami%C4%99%C4%87_magnetostrykcyjna" title="Pamięć magnetostrykcyjna">pamięć magnetostrykcyjna</a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="navbox-after after"> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Hdd_od_srodka.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Hdd_od_srodka.jpg/100px-Hdd_od_srodka.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="71" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Hdd_od_srodka.jpg/150px-Hdd_od_srodka.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Hdd_od_srodka.jpg/200px-Hdd_od_srodka.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="283" /></a></span> </p> </div></div><div class="hlist navbox-below below"> <div class="do-not-make-smaller refsection refsection-nav"></div> </div></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r74016753">.mw-parser-output #normdaten>div+div{margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output #normdaten>div>div{background:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0);padding:.2em .5em}.mw-parser-output #normdaten ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output #normdaten ul li:first-child{padding-left:.5em;border-left:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1)}</style> <div id="normdaten" class="catlinks"><div class="normdaten-typ-fehlt"><div><a href="/wiki/Kontrola_autorytatywna" title="Kontrola autorytatywna">Kontrola autorytatywna</a> (<span class="description">kategoria produktów</span>):</div><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lccn.loc.gov/sh85111639">sh85111639</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://d-nb.info/gnd/4121596-5">4121596-5</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale" title="Bibliothèque nationale">BnF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119903445">119903445</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Biblioteka_Narodowa_Izraela" title="Biblioteka Narodowa Izraela">J9U</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007563109905171">987007563109905171</a></span></li></ul></div><div class="normdaten-andere"><div><a href="/wiki/Encyklopedia_internetowa" title="Encyklopedia internetowa">Encyklopedie internetowe</a>:</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Encyklopedia_Britannica" title="Encyklopedia Britannica">Britannica</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/technology/read-only-memory">technology/read-only-memory</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enciclopedia_Treccani" title="Enciclopedia Treccani">Treccani</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/rom_res-d9b5d4dd-e1fa-11df-9962-d5ce3506d72e">rom_res-d9b5d4dd-e1fa-11df-9962-d5ce3506d72e</a></span></li> <li><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P1296" class="extiw" title="d:Property:P1296">Catalana</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.enciclopedia.cat/ec-gec-0056577.xml">0056577</a></span></li></ul> </div></div></div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Źródło: „<a dir="ltr" href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pamięć_tylko_do_odczytu&oldid=74043810">https://pl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pamięć_tylko_do_odczytu&oldid=74043810</a>”</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Kategorie" title="Specjalna:Kategorie">Kategoria</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Pami%C4%99ci_nieulotne" title="Kategoria:Pamięci nieulotne">Pamięci nieulotne</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Tę stronę ostatnio edytowano 18 cze 2024, 21:33.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Tekst udostępniany na licencji <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.pl">Creative Commons: uznanie autorstwa, na tych samych warunkach</a>, z możliwością obowiązywania dodatkowych ograniczeń. Zobacz szczegółowe informacje o <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Policy:Terms_of_Use/pl">warunkach korzystania</a>.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Polityka prywatności</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:O_Wikipedii">O Wikipedii</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Korzystasz_z_Wikipedii_tylko_na_w%C5%82asn%C4%85_odpowiedzialno%C5%9B%C4%87">Korzystasz z Wikipedii tylko na własną odpowiedzialność</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Powszechne Zasady Postępowania</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Dla deweloperów</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/pl.wikipedia.org">Statystyki</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Oświadczenie o ciasteczkach</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//pl.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pami%C4%99%C4%87_tylko_do_odczytu&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Wersja mobilna</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-74cc59cb9d-sfjn8","wgBackendResponseTime":193,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.324","walltime":"0.473","ppvisitednodes":{"value":824,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":19062,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":589,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":9,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":0,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":11174,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":4,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 430.606 1 -total"," 38.85% 167.271 1 Szablon:Kontrola_autorytatywna"," 37.10% 159.743 3 Szablon:Szablon_nawigacyjny"," 36.89% 158.856 1 Szablon:Pamięci_cyfrowe"," 9.32% 40.113 1 Szablon:Przypisy"," 7.65% 32.930 1 Szablon:Ang."," 6.93% 29.824 1 Szablon:W_języku"," 6.57% 28.287 1 Szablon:Cytuj"," 4.15% 17.891 1 Szablon:Commonscat"," 3.43% 14.788 1 Szablon:Projekt_siostrzany"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.234","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":2594681,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"ext = nil\next = false\next = nil\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\n\n== Szablon:Szablon nawigacyjny ==\n\n\n== Szablon:Szablon nawigacyjny ==\n\n\n== Szablon:Szablon nawigacyjny ==\n\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.main-6ff99495b7-lqs9z","timestamp":"20241106003937","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Pami\u0119\u0107 tylko do odczytu","url":"https:\/\/pl.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pami%C4%99%C4%87_tylko_do_odczytu","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q160710","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q160710","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wsp\u00f3\u0142tw\u00f3rcy projekt\u00f3w Fundacji Wikimedia"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2001-11-11T16:51:59Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/f\/fd\/Amiga-CD32-Motherboard-Top_cr_MX8100-1002_Kickstart3_1.jpg"}</script> </body> </html>