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<span>Topography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Topography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hydrography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hydrography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Hydrography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Hydrography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Hydrography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Hydrography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Rivers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rivers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Rivers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rivers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lakes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lakes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Lakes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lakes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Location" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Location"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Location</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Location-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Area" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Area"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Area</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Area-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Land_boundaries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Land_boundaries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Land boundaries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Land_boundaries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Coastline" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Coastline"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Coastline</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Coastline-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Terrain" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Terrain"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Terrain</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Terrain-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Environment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Environment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Environment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Environment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Geography of Romania</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox 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Available in 30 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-30" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">30 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="جغرافيا رومانيا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جغرافيا رومانيا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B2" title="রোমানিয়ার ভূগোল – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="রোমানিয়ার ভূগোল" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%96" title="Геаграфія Румыніі – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Геаграфія Румыніі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%8A%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="География на Румъния – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="География на Румъния" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographie_Rum%C3%A4niens" title="Geographie Rumäniens – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Geographie Rumäniens" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geograf%C3%ADa_de_Rumania" title="Geografía de Rumania – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Geografía de Rumania" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C" title="جغرافیای رومانی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جغرافیای رومانی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A9ographie_de_la_Roumanie" title="Géographie de la Roumanie – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Géographie de la Roumanie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xeograf%C3%ADa_de_Roman%C3%ADa" title="Xeografía de Romanía – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Xeografía de Romanía" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zemljopis_Rumunjske" title="Zemljopis Rumunjske – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Zemljopis Rumunjske" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geografia_della_Romania" title="Geografia della Romania – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Geografia della Romania" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumunijos_geografija" title="Rumunijos geografija – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Rumunijos geografija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rom%C3%A1nia_f%C3%B6ldrajza" title="Románia földrajza – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Románia földrajza" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Географија на Романија – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Географија на Романија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geografie_van_Roemeni%C3%AB" title="Geografie van Roemenië – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Geografie van Roemenië" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BC%E3%83%9E%E3%83%8B%E3%82%A2%E3%81%AE%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86" title="ルーマニアの地理 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ルーマニアの地理" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanias_geografi" title="Romanias geografi – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Romanias geografi" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumensk_geografi" title="Rumensk geografi – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Rumensk geografi" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geografia_Rumunii" title="Geografia Rumunii – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Geografia Rumunii" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geografia_da_Rom%C3%A9nia" title="Geografia da Roménia – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Geografia da Roménia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geografia_Rom%C3%A2niei" title="Geografia României – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Geografia României" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="География Румынии – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="География Румынии" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjeografia_e_Rumanis%C3%AB" title="Gjeografia e Rumanisë – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Gjeografia e Rumanisë" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Romania" title="Geography of Romania – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Geography of Romania" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geografia_Rumunska" title="Geografia Rumunska – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Geografia Rumunska" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geografija_Romunije" title="Geografija Romunije – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Geografija Romunije" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B5" title="Географија Румуније – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Географија Румуније" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanian_maantiede" title="Romanian maantiede – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Romanian maantiede" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%97" title="Географія Румунії – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Географія Румунії" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86" title="羅馬尼亞地理 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="羅馬尼亞地理" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q240722#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Romania" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Geography_of_Romania" 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.infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title">Geography of Romania</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Romania_location_map_Topographic.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Romania_location_map_Topographic.png/260px-Romania_location_map_Topographic.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="186" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Romania_location_map_Topographic.png/390px-Romania_location_map_Topographic.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Romania_location_map_Topographic.png/520px-Romania_location_map_Topographic.png 2x" data-file-width="1822" data-file-height="1303" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Continent</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Region</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Central_Europe" title="Central Europe">Central Europe</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Europe" title="Eastern Europe">Eastern Europe</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Coordinates</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Geography_of_Romania&params=46_00_N_25_00_E_type:country"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">46°00′N</span> <span class="longitude">25°00′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">46.000°N 25.000°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">46.000; 25.000</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Area</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area" title="List of countries and dependencies by area">Ranked 81st</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Total</th><td class="infobox-data">238,397 km<sup>2</sup> (92,046 sq mi)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Land</th><td class="infobox-data">97.03%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Water</th><td class="infobox-data">2.97%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Coastline</th><td class="infobox-data">245 km (152 mi)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Borders</th><td class="infobox-data">3,149.9</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Highest point</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Moldoveanu_Peak" title="Moldoveanu Peak">Moldoveanu Peak</a> 2,544 metres (8,346 ft), <a href="/wiki/Negoiu_Peak" title="Negoiu Peak">Negoiu Peak</a> 2,535 metres (8,317 ft)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Lowest point</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Black_Sea" title="Black Sea">Black Sea</a> 0 metres (0 ft)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Longest river</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Olt_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Olt River">Olt River</a> 615 kilometres (382 mi)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Largest lake</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lake_Razelm" title="Lake Razelm">Lake Razelm</a> 511 km<sup>2</sup> (197.30 sq mi)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Exclusive economic zone</th><td class="infobox-data">23,627 km<sup>2</sup> (9,122 sq mi)</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>With an area of 238,397 km<sup>2</sup> (92,046 sq mi), <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a> is the twelfth-largest country in <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>. It is a country located at the crossroads of <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Europe" title="Eastern Europe">Eastern</a> and <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Europe" title="Southeast Europe">Southeast</a> Europe. It's bordered on the <a href="/wiki/Black_Sea" title="Black Sea">Black Sea</a>, the country is halfway between the equator and the <a href="/wiki/North_Pole" title="North Pole">North Pole</a> and equidistant from the westernmost part of Europe—the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic Coast</a>—and the most easterly—the <a href="/wiki/Ural_Mountains" title="Ural Mountains">Ural Mountains</a>. Romania has 3,195 kilometres (1,985 mi) of border. <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Moldova" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of Moldova">Moldova</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a> lie to the east, <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a> to the south, and <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a> to the west by the <a href="/wiki/Pannonian_Plain" class="mw-redirect" title="Pannonian Plain">Pannonian Plain</a>. In the southeast, 245 kilometres (152 mi) of sea coastline provide an important outlet to the Black Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geography_of_Romania&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Traditionally Romania is divided into several historic regions that no longer perform any administrative function: </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Physical_map_of_Romania.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Physical_map_of_Romania.jpg/250px-Physical_map_of_Romania.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Physical_map_of_Romania.jpg/375px-Physical_map_of_Romania.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Physical_map_of_Romania.jpg/500px-Physical_map_of_Romania.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="577" /></a><figcaption>Physical and administrative map of Romania, with the <a href="/wiki/Historical_regions_of_Romania" title="Historical regions of Romania">historic regions</a> in grey (<i>Țara Românească</i> means Wallachia).</figcaption></figure><p><a href="/wiki/Dobruja" title="Dobruja">Dobruja</a> is the easternmost region, extending from the northward course of the Danube to the shores of the Black Sea. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Moldavia" title="Moldavia">Moldavia</a> stretches from the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Carpathians" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Carpathians">Eastern Carpathians</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Prut_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Prut River">Prut River</a> on the Moldovan and Ukrainian border. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Wallachia" title="Wallachia">Wallachia</a> reaches south from the <a href="/wiki/Transylvanian_Alps" class="mw-redirect" title="Transylvanian Alps">Transylvanian Alps</a> to the Bulgarian border and is divided by the <a href="/wiki/Olt_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Olt River">Olt River</a> into <a href="/wiki/Oltenia" title="Oltenia">Oltenia</a> on the west and <a href="/wiki/Muntenia" title="Muntenia">Muntenia</a> on the east. The Danube forms a natural border between Muntenia and Dobruja. </p><p>The west-central region, known as <a href="/wiki/Transylvania" title="Transylvania">Transylvania</a>, is delimited by the arc of the Carpathians, which separates it from the <a href="/wiki/Maramure%C8%99_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Maramureș region">Maramureș region</a> in the northwest; by the <a href="/wiki/Cri%C8%99ana" title="Crișana">Crișana</a> area, which borders Hungary in the west; and by the <a href="/wiki/Banat" title="Banat">Banat</a> region of the southwest, which adjoins both <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a> and <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a>. It is these areas west of the Carpathians that contain the highest concentrations of the nation's largest ethnic minorities—<a href="/wiki/Hungarians_in_Romania" title="Hungarians in Romania">Hungarians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Transylvanian_Saxons" title="Transylvanian Saxons">Germans</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Serbs" title="Serbs">Serbs</a>. </p><p>Romania's exterior boundaries are a result of relatively recent events. At the outbreak of <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, the country's territory included only the provinces of Walachia, Moldavia, and <a href="/wiki/Dobruja" title="Dobruja">Dobruja</a>. This area, known as the Regat or the <a href="/wiki/Romanian_Old_Kingdom" title="Romanian Old Kingdom">Old Kingdom</a>, came into being with the disintegration of the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a> in the mid-nineteenth century. At the end of World War I, Romania acquired Transylvania and the Banat. Some of this territory was lost during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, but negotiations returned it to Romania. Although this acquisition united some 85 percent of the <a href="/wiki/Romanian_language" title="Romanian language">Romanian-speaking</a> population of Eastern Europe into one nation, it left a considerable number of ethnic Hungarians under Romanian rule. Disputes between Hungary and Romania regarding this territory would surface regularly, as both considered the region part of their national heritage. Questions were also periodically raised as to the historical validity of the Soviet-Romanian border. <a href="/wiki/Bukovina" title="Bukovina">Bukovina</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bessarabia" title="Bessarabia">Bessarabia</a>, former Romanian provinces where significant percentages of the population are Romanian-speaking, were part of the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> from the end of World War II to its dissolution, and subsequently part of the (formerly Soviet) states of Ukraine and <a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova">Moldova</a>. Despite ongoing and potential disputes, however, since 1989 Romania has no territorial claims to make. </p><p>Romania's current administrative divisions include 41 counties and one city - Bucharest - with special status, see <a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Romania" title="Administrative divisions of Romania">Administrative divisions of Romania</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Topography">Topography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geography_of_Romania&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Topography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Relieful_Rom%C3%A2niei.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Relieful_Rom%C3%A2niei.png/300px-Relieful_Rom%C3%A2niei.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="196" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Relieful_Rom%C3%A2niei.png/450px-Relieful_Rom%C3%A2niei.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Relieful_Rom%C3%A2niei.png/600px-Relieful_Rom%C3%A2niei.png 2x" data-file-width="650" data-file-height="425" /></a><figcaption>Natural landscape of Romania<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Romania-relief.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Romania-relief.png/300px-Romania-relief.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="213" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Romania-relief.png/450px-Romania-relief.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Romania-relief.png/600px-Romania-relief.png 2x" data-file-width="1006" data-file-height="714" /></a><figcaption>Physical map of Romania showing the <a href="/wiki/Carpathian_Mountains" title="Carpathian Mountains">Carpathian Mountains</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RomGeolActual.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/RomGeolActual.jpg/300px-RomGeolActual.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/RomGeolActual.jpg/450px-RomGeolActual.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/RomGeolActual.jpg/600px-RomGeolActual.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4554" data-file-height="3420" /></a><figcaption>Geology of Romania and neighbours</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Fagaras_Mountains_from_the_ridge_of_Moldoveanu.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/The_Fagaras_Mountains_from_the_ridge_of_Moldoveanu.jpg/300px-The_Fagaras_Mountains_from_the_ridge_of_Moldoveanu.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/The_Fagaras_Mountains_from_the_ridge_of_Moldoveanu.jpg/450px-The_Fagaras_Mountains_from_the_ridge_of_Moldoveanu.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/The_Fagaras_Mountains_from_the_ridge_of_Moldoveanu.jpg/600px-The_Fagaras_Mountains_from_the_ridge_of_Moldoveanu.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4446" data-file-height="2964" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/F%C4%83g%C4%83ra%C8%99_Mountains" title="Făgăraș Mountains">Făgăraș Mountains</a> are the tallest in Romania</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Topography_of_Romania" title="Topography of Romania">Topography of Romania</a></div> <p>Romania's natural landscape is almost evenly divided among <a href="/wiki/Mountain" title="Mountain">mountains</a> (23 percent), <a href="/wiki/Plain" title="Plain">plains</a> (39 percent), and <a href="/wiki/Hill" title="Hill">hills</a> (35 percent). These varied relief forms spread rather symmetrically from the Carpathian Mountains, which reach elevations of more than 2,500 meters, to the Danube Delta, which is just a few meters above <a href="/wiki/Sea_level" title="Sea level">sea level</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_mountains_in_Romania" title="List of mountains in Romania">List of mountains in Romania</a></div> <p>The arc of the Carpathians extends over 1,000 kilometers through the center of the country, covering an area of 71,000 square kilometers. These mountains are of low to medium altitude and are no wider than 100 kilometers. They are deeply fragmented by longitudinal and transverse valleys and crossed by several major rivers. These features and the fact that there are many summit passes—some at altitudes up to 2,256 meters—have made the Carpathians less of a barrier to movement than other European ranges. Another distinguishing feature is the many eroded platforms that provide tableland at relatively high altitudes. There are permanent settlements here at above 1,200 meters. </p><p>Romania's Carpathians are differentiated into three ranges: the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Carpathians" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Carpathians">Eastern Carpathians</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Carpathians" title="Southern Carpathians">Southern Carpathians</a> or <a href="/wiki/Transylvanian_Alps" class="mw-redirect" title="Transylvanian Alps">Transylvanian Alps</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Western_Romanian_Carpathians" title="Western Romanian Carpathians">Western Romanian Carpathians</a>. Each of these ranges has important distinguishing features. The Eastern Carpathians are composed of three parallel ridges that run from northwest to southeast. The westernmost ridge is an extinct volcanic range with many preserved cones and craters. The range has many large depressions, in the largest of which the city of <a href="/wiki/Bra%C8%99ov" title="Brașov">Brașov</a> is situated. Important <a href="/wiki/Mining_industry_of_Romania" title="Mining industry of Romania">mining</a> and industrial centers as well as agricultural areas are found within these depressions. The Eastern Carpathians are covered with forests—some 32 percent of the country's woodlands are there. They also contain important ore deposits, including gold and silver, and their mineral water springs feed numerous health resorts. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bucegi_Sphinx,_Romania.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Bucegi_Sphinx%2C_Romania.jpg/150px-Bucegi_Sphinx%2C_Romania.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Bucegi_Sphinx%2C_Romania.jpg/225px-Bucegi_Sphinx%2C_Romania.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Bucegi_Sphinx%2C_Romania.jpg/300px-Bucegi_Sphinx%2C_Romania.jpg 2x" data-file-width="853" data-file-height="1280" /></a><figcaption>Romanian <a href="/wiki/Sphinx_(Romania)" title="Sphinx (Romania)">Sphinx</a> situated on the plateau of <a href="/wiki/Bucegi_Mountains" title="Bucegi Mountains">Bucegi Mountains</a> at 2,216 m. altitude, measures 8 meters in height and 12 meters in width</figcaption></figure> <p>The Southern Carpathians offer the highest peaks at <a href="/wiki/Moldoveanu_Peak" title="Moldoveanu Peak">Moldoveanu Peak</a> (2,544 m) and <a href="/wiki/Negoiu" class="mw-redirect" title="Negoiu">Negoiu</a> (2,535 m) and more than 150 glacial lakes. They have large grassland areas and some woodlands but few large depressions and <a href="/wiki/Subsoil" title="Subsoil">subsoil</a> resources. At higher <a href="/wiki/Elevation" title="Elevation">elevations</a>, the wind and rain have turned the <a href="/wiki/Rock_(geology)" title="Rock (geology)">rocks</a> into spectacular figures such as the <a href="/wiki/Sphinx_(Romania)" title="Sphinx (Romania)">Sphinx</a> and <i><a href="/wiki/Babele" title="Babele">Babele</a></i>. </p><p>The region was crisscrossed by an ancient network of trans-Carpathian roads, and vestiges of the old Roman Way are still visible. Numerous passes and the valleys of the Olt, Jiu, and Danube rivers provide routes for roads and railways through the mountains. </p><p>The Western Romanian Carpathians are the lowest of the three ranges and are fragmented by many deep structural depressions. They have historically functioned as "gates," which allow easy passage but can be readily defended. The most famous of these is the <a href="/wiki/Iron_Gate_(Danube)" class="mw-redirect" title="Iron Gate (Danube)">Iron Gate</a> on the Danube. The Western Romanian Carpathians are the most densely settled, and it is in the northernmost area of this range, the Apuseni Mountains, that permanent settlements can be found at the highest <a href="/wiki/Altitude" title="Altitude">altitudes</a>. </p><p>Enclosed within the great arc of the Carpathians lie the undulating plains and low hills of the <a href="/wiki/Transylvanian_Plateau" title="Transylvanian Plateau">Transylvanian Plateau</a>—the largest tableland in the country and the center of Romania. This important agricultural region also contains large deposits of methane gas and salt. To the south and east of the Carpathians, the <a href="/wiki/Outer_Subcarpathia" title="Outer Subcarpathia">Sub-Carpathians</a> form a fringe of rolling terrain ranging from 396 to 1,006 meters in elevation. This terrain is matched in the west by the slightly lower <a href="/w/index.php?title=Western_Hills_(Romania)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Western Hills (Romania) (page does not exist)">Western Hills</a>. The symmetry of Romania's relief continues with the Getic Tableland to the south of the Sub-Carpathians, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Moldavian_Tableland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Moldavian Tableland (page does not exist)">Moldavian Tableland</a> in the east between the Sub-Carpathians and the Prut River, and the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dobrujan_Tableland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dobrujan Tableland (page does not exist)">Dobrujan Tableland</a> in the southeast between the Danube and the Black Sea. The Sub-Carpathians and the tableland areas provide good conditions for human settlement and are important areas for fruit growing, <a href="/wiki/Viticulture" title="Viticulture">viticulture</a>, and other agricultural activity. They also contain large deposits of <a href="/wiki/Lignite" title="Lignite">brown coal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Natural_gas" title="Natural gas">natural gas</a>. </p><p>Beyond the Carpathian foothills and tablelands, the plains spread south and west. In the southern parts of the country, the lower Danube Plain is divided by the <a href="/wiki/Olt_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Olt River">Olt River</a>; east of the river lies the <a href="/wiki/Wallachian_Plain" title="Wallachian Plain">Wallachian Plain</a> (including the strategically important <a href="/wiki/Foc%C8%99ani_Gate" title="Focșani Gate">Focșani Gate</a>), and to the west is the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oltenian_Plain&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oltenian Plain (page does not exist)">Oltenian or Western Plain</a>. The land here is rich with <a href="/wiki/Chernozem" title="Chernozem">chernozemic</a> soils and forms Romania's most important farming region. Irrigation is widely used, and marshlands in the Danube's floodplain have been diked and drained to provide additional tillable land. </p><p>Romania's lowest land is found on the northern edge of the <a href="/wiki/Dobruja" title="Dobruja">Dobruja</a> region in the <a href="/wiki/Danube_Delta" title="Danube Delta">Danube Delta</a>. The delta is a triangular swampy area of marshes, floating reed islands, and sandbanks, where the Danube ends its trek of almost 3,000 kilometers and divides into three frayed branches before emptying into the Black Sea. The Danube Delta provides a large part of the country's fish production, and its reeds are used to manufacture cellulose. The region also serves as a nature preserve for rare species of plant and animal life including migratory birds. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hydrography">Hydrography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geography_of_Romania&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Hydrography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cheile_Turzii_(Turda_Gorges).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Cheile_Turzii_%28Turda_Gorges%29.jpg/220px-Cheile_Turzii_%28Turda_Gorges%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Cheile_Turzii_%28Turda_Gorges%29.jpg/330px-Cheile_Turzii_%28Turda_Gorges%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Cheile_Turzii_%28Turda_Gorges%29.jpg/440px-Cheile_Turzii_%28Turda_Gorges%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Cheile_Turzii" class="mw-redirect" title="Cheile Turzii">Cheile Turzii</a> and <a href="/wiki/H%C4%83%C8%99date_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Hășdate River">Hășdate River</a> in <a href="/wiki/Transylvania" title="Transylvania">Transylvania</a>.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rivers">Rivers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geography_of_Romania&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Rivers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Romania" title="List of rivers of Romania">List of rivers of Romania</a></div> <p>After entering the country in the southwest at Bazias, the <a href="/wiki/Danube" title="Danube">Danube</a> travels some 1,075 kilometers (almost 40% of its entire length) through or along Romanian territory, forming the southern frontier with Serbia and Bulgaria. Virtually all of the country's rivers are tributaries of the Danube, either directly or indirectly, and by the time the Danube's course ends in the Black Sea, they account for nearly 40 percent of the total discharge. The most important of these rivers are the <a href="/wiki/Mure%C8%99_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Mureș River">Mureș River</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Olt_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Olt River">Olt River</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Prut" title="Prut">Prut</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Siret_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Siret River">Siret River</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Ialomi%C8%9Ba_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Ialomița River">Ialomița River</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Some%C8%99_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Someș River">Someș River</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Arge%C8%99_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Argeș River">Argeș River</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Olt_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Olt River">Olt River</a> 615 kilometres (382 mi) is the longest river that is fully within Romania's national borders. </p><p>Romania's rivers primarily flow east, west, and south from the central crown of the Carpathians. They are fed by rainfall and melting snow, which causes considerable fluctuation in discharge and occasionally catastrophic <a href="/wiki/Flood" title="Flood">flooding</a>. In the east, river waters are collected by the Siret and the Prut. In the south, the rivers flow directly into the Danube, and in the west, waters are collected by the <a href="/wiki/Tisza" title="Tisza">Tisza</a> on Hungarian territory. </p><p>The Danube is by far Romania's most important river, not only for transportation, but also for the production of <a href="/wiki/Hydroelectricity" title="Hydroelectricity">hydroelectric power</a>. One of Europe's largest hydroelectric stations is located at the <a href="/wiki/Iron_Gates" title="Iron Gates">Iron Gates</a>, where the Danube surges through the Carpathian gorges. The Danube is an important water route for domestic <a href="/wiki/Freight_transport" title="Freight transport">shipping</a>, as well as international trade. It is navigable for river vessels along its entire Romanian course and for seagoing ships as far as the port of <a href="/wiki/Br%C4%83ila" title="Brăila">Brăila</a>. A problem with the use of the Danube for inland transportation is its remoteness from most of the major industrial centers. Moreover, marshy banks and perennial flooding impede navigation in some areas. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lakes">Lakes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geography_of_Romania&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Lakes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are over 3,500 lakes in Romania. <a href="/wiki/Lake_Razelm" title="Lake Razelm">Lake Razelm</a> is the largest, with an area of 511 km<sup>2</sup> (197.30 sq mi). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Climate">Climate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geography_of_Romania&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Romania" title="Climate of Romania">Climate of Romania</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Romania_map_of_K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Romania_map_of_K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification.png/300px-Romania_map_of_K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Romania_map_of_K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification.png/450px-Romania_map_of_K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Romania_map_of_K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification.png/600px-Romania_map_of_K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification.png 2x" data-file-width="1278" data-file-height="896" /></a><figcaption>Romania map of <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen climate classification</a>, according with <i>Clima României</i> from the <i>Administrația Națională de Meteorologie</i>, Bucharest 2008</figcaption></figure> <p>Because of its position on the southeastern portion of the <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">European</a> continent, Romania has a climate that is genrally <a href="/wiki/Continental_climate" title="Continental climate">continental</a>. Climatic conditions are somewhat modified by the country's varied relief. The Carpathians serve as a barrier to Atlantic <a href="/wiki/Air_mass" title="Air mass">air masses</a>, restricting their oceanic influences to the west and center of the country, where they make for milder winters and heavier <a href="/wiki/Rain" title="Rain">rainfall</a>. The mountains also block the continental influences of the vast plain to the north in Ukraine, which bring frosty winters and less rain to the south and southeast. In the extreme southeast, Mediterranean influences offer a milder, maritime climate. The average annual temperature is 11 °C (51.8 °F) in the south and 8 °C (46.4 °F) in the north. In Bucharest, the temperature ranges from −29 °C (−20.2 °F) in January to 29 °C (84.2 °F) in July, with average temperatures of −3 °C (26.6 °F) in January and 23 °C (73.4 °F) in July. Rainfall, although adequate throughout the country, decreases from west to east and from mountains to plains. Some mountainous areas receive more than 1,010 mm (39.8 in) of precipitation each year. Annual <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> averages about 635 mm (25 in) in central Transylvania, 521 mm (20.5 in) at Iași in Moldavia, and only 381 mm (15 in) at Constanța on the Black Sea. </p><p>Temperate; cold, cloudy <a href="/wiki/Winter" title="Winter">winters</a> with frequent snow and fog; sunny summers with frequent showers and thunderstorms. Winters generally are from November to March. The <a href="/wiki/Spring_(season)" title="Spring (season)">springs</a> are short, occasionally turning right into summer. <a href="/wiki/Summer" title="Summer">Summer</a> lasts from May to August. They have a prolonged <a href="/wiki/Autumn" title="Autumn">Autumn</a>, from September to November. The average January temperature is 34 °F (1.1 °C) and the average July temperature is 69 °F (20.6 °C). Facts: Record High Temperature: 44.5 °C (112.1 °F) - August 10, 1951 South-Eastern Romania; Record Low Temperature: −38.5 °C (−37.3 °F) - January 24, 1942 (Central Romania) </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Location">Location</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geography_of_Romania&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Location"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Southeastern <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>, bordering the <a href="/wiki/Black_Sea" title="Black Sea">Black Sea</a> and <a href="/wiki/Danube" title="Danube">Danube</a>, with the <a href="/wiki/Carpathian_Mountains" title="Carpathian Mountains">Carpathian mountains</a> in its center. Controls most easily traversable land route between the <a href="/wiki/Balkans" title="Balkans">Balkans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova">Moldova</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a> </p><p><b>Geographic coordinates</b>: <span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Geography_of_Romania&params=46_00_N_25_00_E_type:country"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">46°00′N</span> <span class="longitude">25°00′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">46.000°N 25.000°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">46.000; 25.000</span></span></span></a></span></span> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Extreme_points_of_Romania" class="mw-redirect" title="Extreme points of Romania">Extreme points of Romania</a>: </p> <ul><li>Northernmost point: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Horodi%C8%99tea,_Boto%C8%99ani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Horodiștea, Botoșani (page does not exist)">Horodiștea</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horodi%C8%99tea,_Boto%C8%99ani" class="extiw" title="ro:Horodiștea, Botoșani">ro</a>]</span>, a village in <a href="/wiki/Boto%C8%99ani_County" title="Botoșani County">Botoșani County</a>, on the border with <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a>, <span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Geography_of_Romania&params=48_15_N_26_42_E_type:landmark_region:RO&title=Horodi%C8%99tea+%28North%29"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">48°15′N</span> <span class="longitude">26°42′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">48.250°N 26.700°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">48.250; 26.700</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Horodiștea (North)</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span></li> <li>Southernmost point: <a href="/wiki/Zimnicea" title="Zimnicea">Zimnicea</a>, a town in <a href="/wiki/Teleorman_County" title="Teleorman County">Teleorman County</a>, on the border with <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a>, <span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Geography_of_Romania&params=43_37_N_25_23_E_type:landmark_region:RO&title=Zimnicea+%28South%29"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">43°37′N</span> <span class="longitude">25°23′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">43.617°N 25.383°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">43.617; 25.383</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Zimnicea (South)</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span></li> <li>Westernmost point: <a href="/wiki/Beba_Veche,_Timi%C8%99" class="mw-redirect" title="Beba Veche, Timiș">Beba Veche</a>, a village in <a href="/wiki/Timi%C8%99_County" title="Timiș County">Timiș County</a>, on the border with <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a> and <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a>, <span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Geography_of_Romania&params=46_07_N_20_15_E_type:landmark_region:RO&title=Beba+Veche+%28West%29"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">46°07′N</span> <span class="longitude">20°15′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">46.117°N 20.250°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">46.117; 20.250</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Beba Veche (West)</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span></li> <li>Easternmost point: <a href="/wiki/Sulina" title="Sulina">Sulina</a>, a town in <a href="/wiki/Tulcea_County" title="Tulcea County">Tulcea County</a>, on the <a href="/wiki/Danube_Delta" title="Danube Delta">Danube Delta</a>, <span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Geography_of_Romania&params=45_09_N_29_41_E_type:landmark_region:RO&title=Sulina+%28East%29"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">45°09′N</span> <span class="longitude">29°41′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">45.150°N 29.683°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">45.150; 29.683</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Sulina (East)</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Area">Area</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geography_of_Romania&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Area"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Total:</b> 239,391 square kilometres (92,429 sq mi) </p> <ul><li><i>Land:</i> 231,231 square kilometres (89,279 sq mi)</li> <li><i>Water:</i> 7,160 square kilometres (2,760 sq mi)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Land_boundaries">Land boundaries</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geography_of_Romania&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Land boundaries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>Total</b><i>:</i> 3,149.9 km (1,957.3 mi) <ul><li>border countries: <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a> 631 km (392 mi), <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a> 448 km (278 mi), <a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova">Moldova</a> 681 km (423 mi), <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a> 546 km (339 mi), and <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a> to the north and east for 649 km (403 mi).</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Coastline">Coastline</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geography_of_Romania&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Coastline"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Length: 245 kilometres (152 mi)</li> <li><i>Maritime claims:</i> <a href="/wiki/Snake_Island_(Black_Sea)" class="mw-redirect" title="Snake Island (Black Sea)">Snake Island</a></li> <li>contiguous zone: 24 <a href="/wiki/Nautical_mile" title="Nautical mile">nmi</a> (44.4 km; 27.6 mi)</li> <li>continental shelf: 200 m depth or to the depth of exploitation</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exclusive_economic_zone" title="Exclusive economic zone">exclusive economic zone</a>: 23,627 km<sup>2</sup> (9,122 sq mi) with 200 nmi (370.4 km; 230.2 mi)</li> <li>territorial sea: 12 nmi (22.2 km; 13.8 mi)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Terrain">Terrain</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geography_of_Romania&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Terrain"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Salina_Turda_5.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Salina_Turda_5.jpg/220px-Salina_Turda_5.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Salina_Turda_5.jpg/330px-Salina_Turda_5.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Salina_Turda_5.jpg/440px-Salina_Turda_5.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4752" data-file-height="3168" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Salina_Turda" title="Salina Turda">Turda salt mine</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Central <a href="/wiki/Transylvanian_Plateau" title="Transylvanian Plateau">Transylvanian Basin</a> is separated from the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Plain_of_Moldavia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Plain of Moldavia (page does not exist)">Plain of Moldavia</a> on the east by the <a href="/wiki/Carpathian_Mountains" title="Carpathian Mountains">Carpathian Mountains</a> and separated from the <a href="/wiki/Wallachian_Plain" title="Wallachian Plain">Wallachian Plain</a> on the south by the <a href="/wiki/Transylvanian_Alps" class="mw-redirect" title="Transylvanian Alps">Transylvanian Alps</a>. </p><p>Elevation extremes: </p> <ul><li>lowest point: <a href="/wiki/Black_Sea" title="Black Sea">Black Sea</a> 0 m</li> <li>highest point: <a href="/wiki/Moldoveanu_Peak" title="Moldoveanu Peak">Moldoveanu Peak</a> 2,544 m, <a href="/wiki/Negoiu_Peak" title="Negoiu Peak">Negoiu Peak</a> 2,535 m</li></ul> <p>Natural resources </p> <ul><li>petroleum (reserves steady to declining), timber, natural gas, coal, iron ore, salt, arable land, hydro power</li></ul> <p>Land use: </p> <ul><li>arable land: 41%</li> <li>permanent crops: 3%</li> <li>permanent pastures: 21%</li> <li>forests and woodland: 29%</li> <li>other: 6% (1993 est.)</li></ul> <p>Irrigated land: </p> <ul><li>31,020 km<sup>2</sup> (1993 est.)</li></ul> <p>Natural hazards<i>:</i> <a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_Romania" title="List of earthquakes in Romania">earthquakes</a> are most severe in south and southwest; geologic structure and climate promote landslides </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Environment">Environment</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geography_of_Romania&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Environment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Current issues: soil erosion and degradation; water pollution; air pollution in south from industrial effluents; contamination of Danube delta wetlands</li> <li>Environment: international agreements: <ul><li>party to: Air Pollution, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, <a href="/wiki/Desertification" title="Desertification">Desertification</a>, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands</li> <li>signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Climate Change-<a href="/wiki/Kyoto_Protocol" title="Kyoto Protocol">Kyoto Protocol</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geography_of_Romania&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Romania" title="Administrative divisions of Romania">Administrative divisions of Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Romania" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in Romania">List of cities in Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reservoirs_and_dams_in_Romania" class="mw-redirect" title="Reservoirs and dams in Romania">Reservoirs and dams in Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountain_peaks_in_Romania" class="mw-redirect" title="List of mountain peaks in Romania">List of mountain peaks in Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fish_of_the_Black_Sea" class="mw-redirect" title="List of fish of the Black Sea">List of fish of the Black Sea</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geography_of_Romania&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Florin Achim, <span class="languageicon">(in Romanian)</span> <i>Geografia Fizică a României</i>, Editura Transversal, Bucharest, 2015</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Florin Achim, <span class="languageicon">(in Romanian)</span> <i>Geografia Fizică a României</i>, Editura Transversal, Bucharest, 2015</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geography_of_Romania&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="languageicon">(in Romanian)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070927210503/http://www.insse.ro/cms/files/pdf/ro/cap1.pdf">2004 Romanian Statistical Yearbook - Geography, Meteorology and Environment</a></li></ul> <div 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style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Romania" title="Outline of Romania">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Romania" title="Outline of Romania">Topics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Romania" title="History of Romania">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Romanian_history" title="Timeline of Romanian history">Timeline</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_ancient_Romania" title="Timeline of ancient Romania">ancient</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Romania" class="mw-redirect" title="Prehistoric Romania">Prehistoric Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dacia" title="Dacia">Dacia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Dacia" title="Roman Dacia">Roman Dacia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romania_in_the_Early_Middle_Ages" title="Romania in the Early Middle Ages">Early Middle Ages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romania_in_the_Middle_Ages" title="Romania in the Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Modern_Romania" class="mw-redirect" title="Early Modern Romania">Early Modern Era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Principalities_of_Moldavia_and_Wallachia" title="United Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia">United Principalities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Romania" title="Kingdom of Romania">Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romania_in_World_War_I" title="Romania in World War I">World War I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Romania" title="Greater Romania">Greater Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romania_in_World_War_II" title="Romania in World War II">World War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Republic_of_Romania" title="Socialist Republic of Romania">Communist Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanian Revolution">Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Romania_(1989%E2%80%93present)" title="History of Romania (1989–present)">Since 1989</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_towns_in_Romania" title="List of cities and towns in Romania">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Romania" title="Climate of Romania">Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counties_of_Romania" title="Counties of Romania">Counties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_Romania" title="List of earthquakes in Romania">Earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Romania" title="Fauna of Romania">Fauna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_Romania" title="Flora of Romania">Flora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_regions_of_Romania" title="Historical regions of Romania">Historical regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Romania" title="List of islands of Romania">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_Romania" title="List of lakes of Romania">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountains_in_Romania" title="List of mountains in Romania">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protected_areas_of_Romania" title="Protected areas of Romania">Protected areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Romania" title="List of rivers of Romania">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_evolution_of_Romania" title="Territorial evolution of Romania">Territorial evolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topography_of_Romania" title="Topography of Romania">Topography</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Romania" title="Politics of Romania">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Romania" title="Administrative divisions of Romania">Administrative divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Romania" title="Constitution of Romania">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Romania" title="Elections in Romania">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Romania" title="Foreign relations of Romania">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Romania" title="Government of Romania">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Romania" title="Human rights in Romania">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Romania" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Romania">LGBT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Romania" title="Judiciary of Romania">Judiciary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Romania" class="mw-redirect" title="Law enforcement in Romania">Law enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Armed_Forces" title="Romanian Armed Forces">Military</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_the_Romanian_General_Staff" title="Chief of the Romanian General Staff">Chief of the General Staff</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Romania" title="Parliament of Romania">Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Romania" title="List of political parties in Romania">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Romania" title="President of Romania">President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Romania" title="Prime Minister of Romania">Prime Minister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unification_of_Moldova_and_Romania" title="Unification of Moldova and Romania">Unification with Moldova</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Romania" title="Economy of Romania">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Romania" title="Agriculture in Romania">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Romania" title="Energy in Romania">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_exports_of_Romania" title="List of exports of Romania">Exports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_direct_investment_in_Romania" title="Foreign direct investment in Romania">Foreign investment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_trade_of_Romania" title="Foreign trade of Romania">Foreign trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forestry_in_Romania" title="Forestry in Romania">Forestry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Depression_in_Romania" title="Great Depression in Romania">Great Depression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industry_of_Romania" title="Industry of Romania">Industry</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Romania" title="Automotive industry in Romania">automotive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Construction_industry_of_Romania" title="Construction industry of Romania">construction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mining_industry_of_Romania" title="Mining industry of Romania">mining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrochemical_industry_in_Romania" title="Petrochemical industry in Romania">petrochemical</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_leu" title="Romanian leu">Leu <span style="font-size:85%;">(currency)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Bank_of_Romania" title="National Bank of Romania">National Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pensions_in_Romania" title="Pensions in Romania">Pensions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_property_bubble" title="Romanian property bubble">Property bubble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_Romania" title="Science and technology in Romania">Science and technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Services_in_Romania" title="Services in Romania">Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squatting_in_Romania" title="Squatting in Romania">Squatting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bucharest_Stock_Exchange" title="Bucharest Stock Exchange">Stock Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Romania" class="mw-redirect" title="Telecommunications in Romania">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Romania" title="Tourism in Romania">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Romania" title="Transport in Romania">Transport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Romania" title="Category:Society of Romania">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Romania" title="Crime in Romania">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Romania" title="Demographics of Romania">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Romania" title="Education in Romania">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Romania" title="Healthcare in Romania">Healthcare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Romania" title="Immigration to Romania">Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Romania" title="Languages of Romania">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minorities_in_Romania" title="Minorities in Romania">Minorities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_Romania" title="Prostitution in Romania">Prostitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Romania" title="Public holidays in Romania">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_Romania" title="Racism in Romania">Racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refugees_in_Romania" title="Refugees in Romania">Refugees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Romania" title="Religion in Romania">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanians" title="Romanians">Romanians</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_Romania" title="Romani people in Romania">Gypsies</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_structure_of_Romania" title="Social structure of Romania">Social structure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Systematization_(Romania)" title="Systematization (Romania)">Urban planning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welfare_in_Romania" title="Welfare in Romania">Welfare</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Romania" title="Culture of Romania">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Academy" title="Romanian Academy">Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_architecture" title="Romanian architecture">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_art" title="Romanian art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Romania" title="Cinema of Romania">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_cuisine" title="Romanian cuisine">Cuisine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_wine" title="Romanian wine">Wine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Romania" title="Flag of Romania">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folklore_of_Romania" title="Folklore of Romania">Folklore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_humour" title="Romanian humour">Humour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_literature" title="Romanian literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_Romania" title="Mass media in Romania">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Romania" title="Music of Romania">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_philosophy" title="Romanian philosophy">Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Romania" title="Sport in Romania">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Romania" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Romania">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Romania" title="Outline of Romania">Outline</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Romania" title="Outline of Romania">Index</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Romania" title="Category:Romania">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Romania" title="Portal:Romania">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Geography_of_Europe" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Geography_of_Europe" title="Template:Geography of Europe"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Geography_of_Europe" title="Template talk:Geography of Europe"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Geography_of_Europe" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Geography of Europe"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Geography_of_Europe" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Europe" title="Geography of Europe">Geography of Europe </a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Albania" title="Geography of Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Andorra" title="Geography of Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Armenia" title="Geography of Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Austria" title="Geography of Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Azerbaijan" title="Geography of Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Belarus" title="Geography of Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Belgium" title="Geography of Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Geography of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Bulgaria" title="Geography of Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Croatia" title="Geography of Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Cyprus" title="Geography of Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_the_Czech_Republic" title="Geography of the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Denmark" title="Geography of Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Estonia" title="Geography of Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Finland" title="Geography of Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_France" title="Geography of France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Georgia_(country)" title="Geography of Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Germany" title="Geography of Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Greece" title="Geography of Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Hungary" title="Geography of Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Iceland" title="Geography of Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_the_Republic_of_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="Geography of the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Italy" title="Geography of Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Kazakhstan" title="Geography of Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Latvia" title="Geography of Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Liechtenstein" title="Geography of Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Lithuania" title="Geography of Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Luxembourg" title="Geography of Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Malta" title="Geography of Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Moldova" title="Geography of Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Monaco" class="mw-redirect" title="Geography of Monaco">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Montenegro" title="Geography of Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_the_Netherlands" title="Geography of the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_North_Macedonia" title="Geography of North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Norway" title="Geography of Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Poland" title="Geography of Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Portugal" title="Geography of Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Russia" title="Geography of Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_San_Marino" title="Geography of San Marino">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Serbia" title="Geography of Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Slovakia" title="Geography of Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Slovenia" title="Geography of Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Spain" title="Geography of Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Sweden" title="Geography of Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Switzerland" title="Geography of Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Turkey" title="Geography of Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Ukraine" title="Geography of Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Geography of the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Vatican_City" title="Geography of Vatican City">Vatican City</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">States with limited<br />recognition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Abkhazia" title="Geography of Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Kosovo" title="Geography of Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Northern_Cyprus" class="mw-redirect" title="Geography of Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_South_Ossetia" class="mw-redirect" title="Geography of South Ossetia">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Transnistria" class="mw-redirect" title="Geography of Transnistria">Transnistria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dependencies and<br />other entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_%C3%85land" title="Geography of Åland">Åland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_the_Faroe_Islands" title="Geography of the Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Gibraltar" class="mw-redirect" title="Geography of Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Guernsey" class="mw-redirect" title="Geography of Guernsey">Guernsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_the_Isle_of_Man" title="Geography of the Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Jersey" title="Geography of Jersey">Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Svalbard" title="Geography of Svalbard">Svalbard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_the_European_Union" title="Geography of the European Union">European Union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Borders_of_Romania" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Borders_of_Romania" title="Template:Borders of Romania"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Borders_of_Romania" title="Template talk:Borders of Romania"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Borders_of_Romania" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Borders of Romania"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Borders_of_Romania" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Category:Borders_of_Romania" title="Category:Borders of Romania">Borders of Romania</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria%E2%80%93Romania_border" title="Bulgaria–Romania border">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungary%E2%80%93Romania_border" title="Hungary–Romania border">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldova%E2%80%93Romania_border" title="Moldova–Romania border">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romania%E2%80%93Serbia_border" title="Romania–Serbia border">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romania%E2%80%93Ukraine_border" title="Romania–Ukraine border">Ukraine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Czechoslovakia%E2%80%93Romania_border&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Czechoslovakia–Romania border (page does not exist)">Czechoslovakia</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frontiera_%C3%AEntre_Cehoslovacia_%C8%99i_Rom%C3%A2nia" class="extiw" title="ro:Frontiera între Cehoslovacia și România">ro</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poland%E2%80%93Romania_border&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Poland–Romania border (page does not exist)">Poland</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frontiera_%C3%AEntre_Polonia_%C8%99i_Rom%C3%A2nia" class="extiw" title="ro:Frontiera între Polonia și România">ro</a>]</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="The_Danube" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Danube" title="Template:Danube"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Danube" title="Template talk:Danube"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Danube" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Danube"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="The_Danube" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Danube" title="Danube">The Danube</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Countries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Germany" title="Geography of Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Austria" title="Geography of Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Slovakia" title="Geography of Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Hungary" title="Geography of Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Croatia" title="Geography of Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Serbia" title="Geography of Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Bulgaria" title="Geography of Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Moldova" title="Geography of Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Ukraine" title="Geography of Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px;padding-left: 0.5em;"><div><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Danubemap.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Map indicating the Danube"><img alt="Map indicating the Danube" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Danubemap.png/120px-Danubemap.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="77" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Danubemap.png/180px-Danubemap.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Danubemap.png/240px-Danubemap.png 2x" data-file-width="747" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ulm" title="Ulm">Ulm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingolstadt" title="Ingolstadt">Ingolstadt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regensburg" title="Regensburg">Regensburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passau" title="Passau">Passau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linz" title="Linz">Linz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bratislava" title="Bratislava">Bratislava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gy%C5%91r" title="Győr">Győr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budapest" title="Budapest">Budapest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vukovar" title="Vukovar">Vukovar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novi_Sad" title="Novi Sad">Novi Sad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgrade" title="Belgrade">Belgrade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smederevo" title="Smederevo">Smederevo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vidin" title="Vidin">Vidin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruse,_Bulgaria" title="Ruse, Bulgaria">Ruse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silistra" title="Silistra">Silistra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Br%C4%83ila" title="Brăila">Brăila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gala%C8%9Bi" title="Galați">Galați</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reni,_Ukraine" title="Reni, Ukraine">Reni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Izmail" title="Izmail">Izmail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiliia" title="Kiliia">Kiliia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulcea" title="Tulcea">Tulcea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_tributaries_of_the_Danube" title="List of tributaries of the Danube">Tributaries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iller" title="Iller">Iller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lech_(river)" title="Lech (river)">Lech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regen_(river)" title="Regen (river)">Regen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isar" title="Isar">Isar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inn_(river)" title="Inn (river)">Inn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morava_(river)" title="Morava (river)">Morava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A1h" title="Váh">Váh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hron" title="Hron">Hron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ipe%C4%BE" title="Ipeľ">Ipeľ/Ipoly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drava" title="Drava">Drava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tisza" title="Tisza">Tisza/Tisa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sava" title="Sava">Sava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timi%C8%99_(river)" class="mw-redirect" title="Timiș (river)">Timiș/Tamiš</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Morava" title="Great Morava">Great Morava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timok" title="Timok">Timok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiu_(river)" title="Jiu (river)">Jiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iskar_(river)" title="Iskar (river)">Iskar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vit_(river)" title="Vit (river)">Vit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olt_(river)" title="Olt (river)">Olt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osam" title="Osam">Osam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yantra_(river)" title="Yantra (river)">Yantra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vedea" title="Vedea">Vedea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arge%C8%99_(river)" title="Argeș (river)">Argeș</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ialomi%C8%9Ba_(river)" title="Ialomița (river)">Ialomița</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siret_(river)" title="Siret (river)">Siret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prut" title="Prut">Prut</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Canals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rhine%E2%80%93Main%E2%80%93Danube_Canal" title="Rhine–Main–Danube Canal">Rhine–Main–Danube Canal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danube%E2%80%93Black_Sea_Canal" title="Danube–Black Sea Canal">Danube–Black Sea Canal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Breg_(river)" title="Breg (river)">Breg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brigach" title="Brigach">Brigach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Source_of_the_Danube" title="Source of the Danube">Source</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danube_Bend" title="Danube Bend">Danube Bend</a></li> <li><a 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