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vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" 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<div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Locks and internal mudras in traditional yoga</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mode_of_action_of_Mudras.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Mode_of_action_of_Mudras.svg/280px-Mode_of_action_of_Mudras.svg.png" decoding="async" width="280" height="331" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Mode_of_action_of_Mudras.svg/420px-Mode_of_action_of_Mudras.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Mode_of_action_of_Mudras.svg/560px-Mode_of_action_of_Mudras.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="702" data-file-height="831" /></a><figcaption>Mode of action of bandhas and mudras, serving to trap energy-fluids (breath, prana, bindu, amrita) and thus help to unblock the central <a href="/wiki/Sushumna" class="mw-redirect" title="Sushumna">sushumna</a> channel.</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>bandha</b> (<a href="/wiki/Sanskrit_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanskrit language">Sanskrit</a>: <span lang="sa">बंध</span>) is a <a href="/wiki/Kriy%C4%81" title="Kriyā">kriyā</a> in <a href="/wiki/Hatha_Yoga" class="mw-redirect" title="Hatha Yoga">Hatha Yoga</a>, being a kind of internal <a href="/wiki/Mudra_(Yoga)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mudra (Yoga)">mudra</a> described as a "body lock,"<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to lock the vital energy into the body. <i>Bandha</i> literally means bond, fetter, or "catching hold of".<sup id="cite_ref-Iyengar435_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Iyengar435-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Iyengar,_1976:_p.525_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Iyengar,_1976:_p.525-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMonier-Williams1964[httpwwwsanskrit-lexiconuni-koelndecgi-binmonierserveimgplfilescansMWScanMWScanjpgmw0720-baddhRjpg_720]_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMonier-Williams1964[httpwwwsanskrit-lexiconuni-koelndecgi-binmonierserveimgplfilescansMWScanMWScanjpgmw0720-baddhRjpg_720]-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Maha_Bandha"><i>Maha Bandha</i></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bandha_(yoga)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Maha Bandha"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Mahā Bandha</b> ("the great lock") combines all the other three bandhas, namely:<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Mula Bandha, contraction of the <a href="/wiki/Perineum" title="Perineum">perineum</a></li> <li>Uddiyana bandha, contraction of the <a href="/wiki/Human_abdomen" class="mw-redirect" title="Human abdomen">abdomen</a> into the <a href="/wiki/Human_rib_cage" class="mw-redirect" title="Human rib cage">rib cage</a></li> <li>Jalandhara Bandha, tucking the chin close to the chest</li></ul> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Ashtanga_Vinyasa_Yoga#Bandhas" class="mw-redirect" title="Ashtanga Vinyasa Yoga">Ashtanga Vinyasa Yoga</a>, these three Bandhas are considered to be one of the three key principles of yoga practice.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mula_bandha"><i>Mula bandha</i></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bandha_(yoga)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Mula bandha"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i><b>Mūla bandha</b></i> is a primary <i>bandha</i> in traditional <a href="/wiki/Yoga" title="Yoga">yoga</a>. The earliest textual mention of <i>mūla bandha</i> is in the 12th century Shaiva <a href="/wiki/Nath" class="mw-redirect" title="Nath">Natha</a> text <i><a href="/wiki/Goraksha_%C5%9Aataka" class="mw-redirect" title="Goraksha Śataka">Gorakṣaśataka</a></i> which defines it as a yogic technique to achieve mastery of breath and to awaken the goddess <a href="/wiki/Kundalini" title="Kundalini">Kuṇḍalinī</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Etymology">Etymology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bandha_(yoga)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mula Bandha (<a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a>: मूल बंध) is from <i>Mūla</i>, meaning variously root, base,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> beginning, foundation,<sup id="cite_ref-Iyengar,_1976:_p.459_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Iyengar,_1976:_p.459-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> origin or cause.<sup id="cite_ref-Iyengar435_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Iyengar435-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Description">Description</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bandha_(yoga)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Description"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Goraksha_%C5%9Aataka" class="mw-redirect" title="Goraksha Śataka">Gorakṣhaśataka</a></i> defines <i>mūla bandha</i> as: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>[The yogi] forces the downward-moving <i>apāna</i> breath to move upwards by means of contraction. Yogis call this <i>mūla bandha</i>, "the root lock." When <i>apāna</i> has turned upwards and reached the orb of fire, then the flame, fanned by the wind, rises high. As a result, fire and <i>apāna</i> reach <i><a href="/wiki/Prana" title="Prana">prāṇa</a></i>, which is hot by nature. The overheated <i><a href="/wiki/Prana" title="Prana">prāṇa</a></i> creates a blaze in the body, which heats the sleeping <a href="/wiki/Kundalini" title="Kundalini">Kuṇḍalinī</a> and wakes her up. Like a snake struck by a stick, she hisses and straightens herself. As if entering a snake-hole, she enters the Brahmā <i><a href="/wiki/Nadi_(yoga)" title="Nadi (yoga)">naḍi</a></i>. Therefore, yogis should maintain the regular practice of <i>mūla bandha</i>. <i>Gorakṣaśataka</i><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMallinson2012269_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMallinson2012269-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p><a href="/wiki/B._K._S._Iyengar" title="B. K. S. Iyengar">Iyengar</a> defines Mūla Bandha as "A posture where the body from the <a href="/wiki/Anus" title="Anus">anus</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Navel" title="Navel">navel</a> is contracted and lifted up and towards the spine".<sup id="cite_ref-Iyengar,_1976:_p.525_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Iyengar,_1976:_p.525-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is qualified in that the actual muscle contracted is not the <a href="/wiki/Sphincter" title="Sphincter">sphincter</a> muscle nor the muscle which cessates urination, but <a href="/wiki/Transverse_perineal_muscles" title="Transverse perineal muscles">the muscle equidistant between the two</a>. </p><p>Maehle defines it as "root lock" and further specifies that:<sup id="cite_ref-Maehle_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Maehle-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The root referred to here is the root of the spine, the <a href="/wiki/Pelvic_floor" title="Pelvic floor">pelvic floor</a> or, more precisely, the centre of the pelvic floor, the <a href="/wiki/Perineum" title="Perineum">perineum</a>. The perineum is the muscular body between the anus and the genitals. By slightly contracting the <a href="/wiki/Pubococcygeus_muscle" class="mw-redirect" title="Pubococcygeus muscle">pubo-coccygeal (PC) muscle</a>, which goes from the pubic bone to the tail bone (coccyx), we create an energetic seal that locks <i>prana</i> into the body and so prevents it from leaking out at the base of the spine. <i>Mula Bandha</i> is said to move <i>prana</i> into the central channel, called <i>sushumna</i>, which is the subtle equivalent of the spine.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><sup id="cite_ref-Maehle_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Maehle-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <p>Mūla Bandha is a primary Bandha in traditional <a href="/wiki/Yoga" title="Yoga">yoga</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Iyengar likens the functionality of the <a href="/wiki/Bandha_(Yoga)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bandha (Yoga)">Bandha</a> and especially Mūla Bandha to "safety-valves which should be kept shut during the practice of kumbhakas".<sup id="cite_ref-Iyengar435_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Iyengar435-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He specifies the energetic <a href="/wiki/Prana" title="Prana">prāṇas</a> of <a href="/wiki/Prana#Vāyus" title="Prana">Vāyus</a> engaged through Mūla Bandha as: "...Apāna Vāyu (the prāṇa in the lower abdomen), whose course is downwards, is made to flow up to unite with Prāna Vāyu, which has its seat within the region of the chest."<sup id="cite_ref-Iyengar435_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Iyengar435-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He cautions that "Mūla Bandha should be attempted first in antara kumbhaka (retention after inhalation). The region of the lower abdomen between the navel and the anus is contracted towards the spine and pulled up to the diaphragm. He further states that "While practicing Mūla Bandha, the yogi attempts to reach the true source or mūla of creation."<sup id="cite_ref-Iyengar435_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Iyengar435-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Uddiyana_bandha"><i>Uddiyana bandha</i></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bandha_(yoga)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Uddiyana bandha"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Learn_a_multidimensional_approach_to_different_Yoga_Postures.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Learn_a_multidimensional_approach_to_different_Yoga_Postures.jpg/220px-Learn_a_multidimensional_approach_to_different_Yoga_Postures.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Learn_a_multidimensional_approach_to_different_Yoga_Postures.jpg/330px-Learn_a_multidimensional_approach_to_different_Yoga_Postures.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Learn_a_multidimensional_approach_to_different_Yoga_Postures.jpg/440px-Learn_a_multidimensional_approach_to_different_Yoga_Postures.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="530" /></a><figcaption>Uddiyana bandha.</figcaption></figure> <p><i><b>Uḍḍīyana bandha</b></i> (<a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a>: उड्डीयन बन्ध), also called <b>abdominal lock</b> or <b>upward lifting lock</b>, is the abdominal <i>bandha</i> described and employed in <a href="/wiki/Hatha_yoga" title="Hatha yoga">hatha yoga</a>, in particular in the <a href="/wiki/Nauli" title="Nauli">nauli</a> purification. It involves, after having exhaled all the air out, pulling the abdomen under the rib cage by taking a false inhale while holding the breath and then releasing the abdomen after a pause. The process is repeated many times before letting the air into the lungs, resuming normal breath.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Jalandhara_bandha"><i>Jalandhara bandha</i></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bandha_(yoga)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Jalandhara bandha"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i><b>Jalandhara bandha</b></i> (<a href="/wiki/Sanskrit_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanskrit language">Sanskrit</a>: <span lang="sa">जालंधर<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> बंध</span>, <a href="/wiki/IAST" class="mw-redirect" title="IAST">IAST</a>: Jālandhara bandha<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWhite2011261_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWhite2011261-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMonier-Williams1964[httpwwwsanskrit-lexiconuni-koelndecgi-binmonierserveimgplfilescansMWScanMWScanjpgmw0720-baddhRjpg_720]_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMonier-Williams1964[httpwwwsanskrit-lexiconuni-koelndecgi-binmonierserveimgplfilescansMWScanMWScanjpgmw0720-baddhRjpg_720]-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) is the chin <i>bandha</i> described and employed in <a href="/wiki/Hatha_Yoga" class="mw-redirect" title="Hatha Yoga">Hatha Yoga</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Etymology_2">Etymology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bandha_(yoga)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Jālandhara bandha comes from <a href="/wiki/Sanskrit_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanskrit language">Sanskrit</a>: <span lang="sa">जाल</span> <i>Jāla</i>, web<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or net<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacdonell200599_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacdonell200599-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and (<a href="/wiki/Sanskrit_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanskrit language">Sanskrit</a>: <span lang="sa">धर</span>) <i>dhara</i>, "holding".<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Description_2">Description</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bandha_(yoga)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Description"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This bandha is performed by extending the neck and elevating the <a href="/wiki/Sternum" title="Sternum">sternum</a> (breastbone) before dropping the head so that the chin may rest on the chest. Meanwhile, the tongue pushes up against the palate in the mouth. <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERamaswami20054_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERamaswami20054-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bandha_(yoga)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kundalini" title="Kundalini">Kundalini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kapalabhati" title="Kapalabhati">Kapalabhati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tummo#Practice" title="Tummo">Tummo meditation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mulabandhasana" title="Mulabandhasana">Mulabandhasana</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bandha_(yoga)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMallinsonSingleton2017" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/James_Mallinson_(author)" class="mw-redirect" title="James Mallinson (author)">Mallinson, James</a>; <a href="/wiki/Mark_Singleton_(yoga_scholar)" title="Mark Singleton (yoga scholar)">Singleton, Mark</a> (2017). <i><a href="/wiki/Roots_of_Yoga" title="Roots of Yoga">Roots of Yoga</a></i>. Penguin Books. pp. 230–231, 237–242. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-241-25304-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-241-25304-5"><bdi>978-0-241-25304-5</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/928480104">928480104</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Roots+of+Yoga&rft.pages=230-231%2C+237-242&rft.pub=Penguin+Books&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F928480104&rft.isbn=978-0-241-25304-5&rft.aulast=Mallinson&rft.aufirst=James&rft.au=Singleton%2C+Mark&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABandha+%28yoga%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/hyp/index.htm">Sanskrit text and English translation of the Pancham Sinh edition</a> at <a href="/wiki/Sacred-texts.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Sacred-texts.com">sacred-texts.com</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/HathaYogaPradipika-SanskritTextWithEnglishTranslatlionAndNotes#page/n1/mode/2up">archive.org</a>) pp. 95-127</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Iyengar435-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Iyengar435_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Iyengar435_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Iyengar435_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Iyengar435_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Iyengar435_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Iyengar, 1976: pp.435–437</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Iyengar,_1976:_p.525-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Iyengar,_1976:_p.525_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Iyengar,_1976:_p.525_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Iyengar, 1976: p.525</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMonier-Williams1964[httpwwwsanskrit-lexiconuni-koelndecgi-binmonierserveimgplfilescansMWScanMWScanjpgmw0720-baddhRjpg_720]-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMonier-Williams1964[httpwwwsanskrit-lexiconuni-koelndecgi-binmonierserveimgplfilescansMWScanMWScanjpgmw0720-baddhRjpg_720]_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMonier-Williams1964[httpwwwsanskrit-lexiconuni-koelndecgi-binmonierserveimgplfilescansMWScanMWScanjpgmw0720-baddhRjpg_720]_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMonier-Williams1964">Monier-Williams 1964</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de/cgi-bin/monier/serveimg.pl?file=/scans/MWScan/MWScanjpg/mw0720-baddhR.jpg">720</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaheshwarananda2000" class="citation book cs1">Maheshwarananda, Paramhans Swami (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yogaindailylife.org/system/en/bandhas/maha-bandha">"Maha Bandha"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yogaindailylife.org/system/en/"><i>Yoga in daily Life - The System</i></a>. Ibera Verlag - European University Press. p. 429. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-85052-000-5" title="Special:BookSources/3-85052-000-5"><bdi>3-85052-000-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Maha+Bandha&rft.btitle=Yoga+in+daily+Life+-+The+System&rft.pages=429&rft.pub=Ibera+Verlag+-+European+University+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=3-85052-000-5&rft.aulast=Maheshwarananda&rft.aufirst=Paramhans+Swami&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.yogaindailylife.org%2Fsystem%2Fen%2Fbandhas%2Fmaha-bandha&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABandha+%28yoga%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181126221634/http://www.ashtangayogashala.net/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=116&Itemid=162">"Ashtanga Yoga Shala NYC - On Pranayama, Bandha and Drishti"</a>. <i>Ashtangayogashala.net</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ashtangayogashala.net/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=116&Itemid=162">the original</a> on 26 November 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 November</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ashtangayogashala.net&rft.atitle=Ashtanga+Yoga+Shala+NYC+-+On+Pranayama%2C+Bandha+and+Drishti&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ashtangayogashala.net%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcom_content%26task%3Dview%26id%3D116%26Itemid%3D162&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABandha+%28yoga%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mallinson 2012, p.261</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Iyengar, 1976: p.515</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Iyengar,_1976:_p.459-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Iyengar,_1976:_p.459_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Iyengar, 1976: p.459</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMallinson2012269-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMallinson2012269_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMallinson2012">Mallinson 2012</a>, p. 269.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Maehle-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Maehle_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Maehle_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Maehle, Gregor (2007). <i>Ashtanga Yoga: Practice and Philosophy</i> (Paperback). New World Library. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-57731-606-1" title="Special:BookSources/1-57731-606-1">1-57731-606-1</a> & <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57731-606-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57731-606-0">978-1-57731-606-0</a>, p.11</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Iyengar, 1976: p.435</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yogamag.net/archives/1981/fjune81/udd.shtml">Uddiyana Bandha</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200206233906/http://yogamag.net/archives/1981/fjune81/udd.shtml">Archived</a> 2020-02-06 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> by Dr. Karl Nespor, in <a href="/wiki/Yoga_Magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="Yoga Magazine">Yoga Magazine</a>, a publication of <a href="/wiki/Bihar_School_of_Yoga" title="Bihar School of Yoga">Bihar School of Yoga</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.yogateket.com/blog/how-to-do-uddiyana-bandha-kriya">How to do Uddiyana Bandha</a> From Guy Powiecki from tradition <a href="/wiki/Swami_Kuvalayananda" title="Swami Kuvalayananda">Swami Kuvalayananda</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de/scans/MWScan/index.php?sfx=jpg">"Monier Williams Online Page: 420"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-01-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Monier+Williams+Online+Page%3A+420&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de%2Fscans%2FMWScan%2Findex.php%3Fsfx%3Djpg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABandha+%28yoga%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWhite2011261-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWhite2011261_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWhite2011">White 2011</a>, p. 261.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spokensanskrit.de/index.php?script=DI&beginning=0+&tinput=jAla&trans=Translate&direction=AU">"SpokenSanskrit.de Entry: जाल"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-03-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=SpokenSanskrit.de+Entry%3A+%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.spokensanskrit.de%2Findex.php%3Fscript%3DDI%26beginning%3D0%2B%26tinput%3DjAla%26trans%3DTranslate%26direction%3DAU&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABandha+%28yoga%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacdonell200599-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacdonell200599_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMacdonell2005">Macdonell 2005</a>, p. 99.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spokensanskrit.de/index.php?script=DI&beginning=0+&tinput=dhara+&trans=Translate&direction=AU">"SpokenSanskrit.de Entry: धर"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-03-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=SpokenSanskrit.de+Entry%3A+%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%B0&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.spokensanskrit.de%2Findex.php%3Fscript%3DDI%26beginning%3D0%2B%26tinput%3Ddhara%2B%26trans%3DTranslate%26direction%3DAU&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABandha+%28yoga%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERamaswami20054-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERamaswami20054_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRamaswami2005">Ramaswami 2005</a>, p. 4.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bandha_(yoga)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/B._K._S._Iyengar" title="B. K. S. Iyengar">Iyengar, B. K. S.</a> (1966, 1976). <i><a href="/wiki/Light_on_Yoga" title="Light on Yoga">Light on Yoga</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Thorsons" class="mw-redirect" title="Thorsons">Thorsons</a>.<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85538-166-4" title="Special:BookSources/1-85538-166-4">1-85538-166-4</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacdonell2005" class="citation book cs1">Macdonell, Arthur (2005). <i>A practical Sanskrit dictionary with transliteration, accentuation, and etymological analysis throughout</i>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+practical+Sanskrit+dictionary+with+transliteration%2C+accentuation%2C+and+etymological+analysis+throughout&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Macdonell&rft.aufirst=Arthur&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABandha+%28yoga%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Maehle, Gregor (2007). <i>Ashtanga Yoga: Practice and Philosophy</i>, New World Library. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-57731-606-1" title="Special:BookSources/1-57731-606-1">1-57731-606-1</a> & <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57731-606-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57731-606-0">978-1-57731-606-0</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMallinson2012" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/James_Mallinson_(author)" class="mw-redirect" title="James Mallinson (author)">Mallinson, James</a> (2012). "The Original Gorakṣaśataka". In <a href="/wiki/David_Gordon_White" title="David Gordon White">White, David Gordon</a> (ed.). <i>Yoga in Practice</i>. <a href="/wiki/Princeton_University_Press" title="Princeton University Press">Princeton University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0691140858" title="Special:BookSources/978-0691140858"><bdi>978-0691140858</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Original+Gorak%E1%B9%A3a%C5%9Bataka&rft.btitle=Yoga+in+Practice&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0691140858&rft.aulast=Mallinson&rft.aufirst=James&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABandha+%28yoga%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/James_Mallinson_(author)" class="mw-redirect" title="James Mallinson (author)">Mallinson, James</a>; <a href="/wiki/Mark_Singleton_(yoga_teacher)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mark Singleton (yoga teacher)">Singleton, Mark</a> (2017). <i><a href="/wiki/Roots_of_Yoga" title="Roots of Yoga">Roots of Yoga</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Penguin_Books" title="Penguin Books">Penguin Books</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-241-25304-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-241-25304-5"><bdi>978-0-241-25304-5</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/928480104">928480104</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Roots+of+Yoga&rft.pub=Penguin+Books&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F928480104&rft.isbn=978-0-241-25304-5&rft.aulast=Mallinson&rft.aufirst=James&rft.au=Singleton%2C+Mark&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABandha+%28yoga%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMonier-Williams1964" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Monier_Monier-Williams" title="Monier Monier-Williams">Monier-Williams, Monier</a> (1964). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de/mwquery/"><i>A Sanskrit-English Dictionary: Etymologically and Philologically Arranged with special reference to cognate Indo-European languages</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a> (Print) and <a href="/wiki/University_of_Cologne" title="University of Cologne">University of Cologne</a> (Digitized). <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-8-12150-200-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-8-12150-200-9"><bdi>978-8-12150-200-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Sanskrit-English+Dictionary%3A+Etymologically+and+Philologically+Arranged+with+special+reference+to+cognate+Indo-European+languages&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press+%28Print%29+and+University+of+Cologne+%28Digitized%29&rft.date=1964&rft.isbn=978-8-12150-200-9&rft.aulast=Monier-Williams&rft.aufirst=Monier&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de%2Fmwquery%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABandha+%28yoga%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRamaswami2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Srivatsa_Ramaswami" title="Srivatsa Ramaswami">Ramaswami, Srivatsa</a> (2005). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/completebookofvi00rama"><i>The Complete Book of Vinyasa Yoga</i></a></span>. Da Capo Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-56924-402-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-56924-402-9"><bdi>978-1-56924-402-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Complete+Book+of+Vinyasa+Yoga&rft.pub=Da+Capo+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1-56924-402-9&rft.aulast=Ramaswami&rft.aufirst=Srivatsa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcompletebookofvi00rama&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABandha+%28yoga%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhite2011" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_Gordon_White" title="David Gordon White">White, David</a> (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3gjjqQJArWAC&q=J%C4%81landhara%20%20bandha&pg=PA261"><i>Yoga in Practice (Princeton Readings in Religions)</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Princeton_University_Press" title="Princeton University Press">Princeton University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0691140865" title="Special:BookSources/978-0691140865"><bdi>978-0691140865</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Yoga+in+Practice+%28Princeton+Readings+in+Religions%29&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0691140865&rft.aulast=White&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3gjjqQJArWAC%26q%3DJ%25C4%2581landhara%2520%2520bandha%26pg%3DPA261&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABandha+%28yoga%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div 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navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Three_Bodies_Doctrine" class="mw-redirect" title="Three Bodies Doctrine">Three bodies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosha" title="Kosha">Five sheaths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chakra" title="Chakra">Chakra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nadi_(yoga)" title="Nadi (yoga)">Nadi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nadi_(yoga)#Ida" title="Nadi (yoga)">Ida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nadi_(yoga)#Sushumna" title="Nadi (yoga)">Sushumna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nadi_(yoga)#Pingala" title="Nadi (yoga)">Pingala</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prana" title="Prana">Prana</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Three_Yogas" title="Three Yogas">Three Yogas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karma_yoga" title="Karma yoga">Karma yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhakti_yoga" title="Bhakti yoga">Bhakti yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jnana_yoga" title="Jnana yoga">Jnana yoga</a></li> <li><i>and sometimes</i> <a href="/wiki/R%C4%81ja_yoga" title="Rāja yoga">Rāja yoga</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Yoga_(philosophy)" title="Yoga (philosophy)">Philosophy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Bhagavad_Gita" title="Bhagavad Gita">Bhagavad Gita</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yoga_Sutras_of_Patanjali" title="Yoga Sutras of Patanjali">Yoga Sutras of Patanjali</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yoga_Vasistha" title="Yoga Vasistha">Yoga Vasistha</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yoga_Yajnavalkya" title="Yoga Yajnavalkya">Yoga Yajnavalkya</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ashtanga_(eight_limbs_of_yoga)" title="Ashtanga (eight limbs of yoga)">Eight limbs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yamas" title="Yamas">Yama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niyama" title="Niyama">Niyama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asana" title="Asana">Asana</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lotus_position" title="Lotus position">Lotus position</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pranayama" title="Pranayama">Pranayama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pratyahara" title="Pratyahara">Pratyahara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dh%C4%81ra%E1%B9%87%C4%81" title="Dhāraṇā">Dhāraṇā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhyana_in_Hinduism" title="Dhyana in Hinduism">Dhyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samadhi" title="Samadhi">Samadhi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kriy%C4%81" title="Kriyā">Kriyā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mantra" title="Mantra">Mantra</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pranava_yoga" title="Pranava yoga">Pranava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C4%81da_yoga" title="Nāda yoga">Nada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surat_Shabd_Yoga" title="Surat Shabd Yoga">Surat Shabd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aghor_Yoga" title="Aghor Yoga">Aghor Yoga</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mudra#Yoga" title="Mudra">Mudras</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bandha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahamudra_(Hatha_Yoga)" title="Mahamudra (Hatha Yoga)">Mahamudra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viparita_Karani" title="Viparita Karani">Viparita Karani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mudras_(yoga)" title="List of mudras (yoga)">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyasa_(ritual)" title="Nyasa (ritual)">Nyasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumbhaka" title="Kumbhaka">Kumbhaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sama_vritti" title="Sama vritti">Sama vritti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shatkarma" title="Shatkarma">Shatkarmas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neti_(Hatha_Yoga)" title="Neti (Hatha Yoga)">Neti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhauti" title="Dhauti">Dhauti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nauli" title="Nauli">Nauli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basti_(hatha_yoga)" title="Basti (hatha yoga)">Basti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kapalabhati" title="Kapalabhati">Kapalabhati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhastrika" title="Bhastrika">Bhastrika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tr%C4%81%E1%B9%ADaka" title="Trāṭaka">Trataka</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tapas_(Indian_religions)#Yoga_and_brahmacharya" title="Tapas (Indian religions)">Tapas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C4%81dhan%C4%81" title="Sādhanā">Sādhanā</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tantra" title="Tantra">Tantra</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yogi" title="Yogi">Yogi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yogini" title="Yogini">Yogini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siddhi" title="Siddhi">Siddhi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mahasiddha" title="Mahasiddha">Mahasiddha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaiva_Siddhanta" title="Shaiva Siddhanta">Shaiva Siddhanta</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laya_Yoga" class="mw-redirect" title="Laya Yoga">Laya Yoga</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kundalini" title="Kundalini">Kundalini</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tantric_sex" title="Tantric sex">Sexual Yoga</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hatha_yoga" title="Hatha yoga">Hatha yoga</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Amaraugha_Prabodha" class="mw-redirect" title="Amaraugha Prabodha">Amaraugha Prabodha</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Amritasiddhi" title="Amritasiddhi">Amritasiddhi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bahr_al-Hayat" title="Bahr al-Hayat">Bahr al-Hayat</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ha%E1%B9%ADh%C4%81bhy%C4%81sapaddhati" title="Haṭhābhyāsapaddhati">Hathabhyasapaddhati</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ha%E1%B9%ADha_Ratn%C4%81val%C4%AB" title="Haṭha Ratnāvalī">Hatha Ratnavali</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hatha_Yoga_Pradipika" title="Hatha Yoga Pradipika">Hatha Yoga Pradipika</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hatha_Yoga:_The_Report_of_a_Personal_Experience" title="Hatha Yoga: The Report of a Personal Experience">Hatha Yoga: The Report of a Personal Experience</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gheranda_Samhita" title="Gheranda Samhita">Gheranda Samhita</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Joga_Prad%C4%ABpik%C4%81" title="Joga Pradīpikā">Joga Pradipika</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shiva_Samhita" title="Shiva Samhita">Shiva Samhita</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sritattvanidhi" title="Sritattvanidhi">Sritattvanidhi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vasishtha_Samhita" title="Vasishtha Samhita">Vasishtha Samhita</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vimanarcanakalpa" title="Vimanarcanakalpa">Vimanarcanakalpa</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yogasopana_Purvacatuska" title="Yogasopana Purvacatuska">Yogasopana Purvacatuska</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Theravada" title="Theravada">Theravada</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samatha" class="mw-redirect" title="Samatha">Samatha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samadhi_(Buddhism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Samadhi (Buddhism)">Samadhi (Buddhism)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vipassan%C4%81" class="mw-redirect" title="Vipassanā">Vipassana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anapanasati" title="Anapanasati">Anapanasati</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Visuddhimagga" title="Visuddhimagga">Visuddhimagga</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mahayana" title="Mahayana">Mahayana</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>India <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yogachara" title="Yogachara">Yogachara</a></li></ul></li> <li>Japan <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tendai" title="Tendai">Tendai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zazen" title="Zazen">Zazen</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vajrayana" title="Vajrayana">Vajrayana</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>India <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Classes_of_Tantra_in_Tibetan_Buddhism#Kriyayoga" title="Classes of Tantra in Tibetan Buddhism">Kriyayoga (Buddhist)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classes_of_Tantra_in_Tibetan_Buddhism#Caryayoga" title="Classes of Tantra in Tibetan Buddhism">Caryayoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classes_of_Tantra_in_Tibetan_Buddhism#Anuttarayoga" title="Classes of Tantra in Tibetan Buddhism">Anuttarayoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahajayana" class="mw-redirect" title="Sahajayana">Sahajayana</a></li></ul></li> <li>Tibet <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_tantric_practice" title="Tibetan tantric practice">Devata yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trul_khor" title="Trul khor">Yantra yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Six_Dharmas_of_Naropa" title="Six Dharmas of Naropa">Six Yogas of Naropa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tummo" title="Tummo">Tummo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luminous_mind" title="Luminous mind">Ösel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karmamudra" class="mw-redirect" title="Karmamudra">Karmamudra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dream_yoga" title="Dream yoga">Milam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bardo" title="Bardo">Bardo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phowa" title="Phowa">Phowa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahayoga" title="Mahayoga">Mahayoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anuyoga" title="Anuyoga">Anuyoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atiyoga" class="mw-redirect" title="Atiyoga">Atiyoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahamudra" title="Mahamudra">Mahamudra</a></li></ul></li> <li>China <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Esoteric_Buddhism" title="Chinese Esoteric Buddhism">Tangmi</a></li></ul></li> <li>Japan <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shingon" class="mw-redirect" title="Shingon">Shingon</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Modern_yoga" title="Modern yoga">Modern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Yoga_as_exercise" title="Yoga as exercise">As exercise</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asana" title="Asana">Asana</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Downward_Dog_Pose" title="Downward Dog Pose">Downward dog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standing_asanas" title="Standing asanas">Standing asanas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_asanas" title="List of asanas">List of asanas</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drishti_(yoga)" title="Drishti (yoga)">Drishti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sun_Salutation" title="Sun Salutation">Sun Salutation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viny%C4%81sa" title="Vinyāsa">Vinyāsa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hasta_Vinyasas" title="Hasta Vinyasas">Hasta Vinyasas</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_as_therapy" title="Yoga as therapy">Yoga as therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_for_women" title="Yoga for women">Yoga for women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_using_props" title="Yoga using props">Props</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Light_on_Yoga" title="Light on Yoga">Light on Yoga</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_yoga_hybrids" title="List of yoga hybrids">Yoga hybrids</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mindful_Yoga" title="Mindful Yoga">Mindful Yoga</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Day_of_Yoga" title="International Day of Yoga">International Day of Yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_yoga_schools" title="List of yoga schools">List of yoga schools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_yoga_gurus" title="Modern yoga gurus">Modern yoga gurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_Nidra" class="mw-redirect" title="Yoga Nidra">Yoga Nidra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Yoga_scholars" title="Template:Yoga scholars">Yoga scholars (template)</a></li> <li>Journals <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Asana_Journal" title="Asana Journal">Asana Journal</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yoga_Journal" title="Yoga Journal">Yoga Journal</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Hatha_yoga" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Hatha_yoga" title="Template:Hatha yoga"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Hatha_yoga" title="Template talk:Hatha yoga"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hatha_yoga" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Hatha yoga"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Hatha_yoga" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Hatha_yoga" title="Hatha yoga">Hatha yoga</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Subtle_body" title="Subtle body">Subtle body</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Three_Bodies_Doctrine" class="mw-redirect" title="Three Bodies Doctrine">Three bodies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosha" title="Kosha">Five sheaths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chakra" title="Chakra">Chakra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nadi_(yoga)" title="Nadi (yoga)">Nadi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sushumna" class="mw-redirect" title="Sushumna">Sushumna</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prana" title="Prana">Prana</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jogapradipika_16_Mayurasana.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Mayurasana, in the Jogapradipika, 1830" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Jogapradipika_16_Mayurasana.jpg/80px-Jogapradipika_16_Mayurasana.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Jogapradipika_16_Mayurasana.jpg/120px-Jogapradipika_16_Mayurasana.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Jogapradipika_16_Mayurasana.jpg/160px-Jogapradipika_16_Mayurasana.jpg 2x" data-file-width="467" data-file-height="835" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Texts<br />(<a href="/wiki/List_of_asanas" title="List of asanas">Asanas</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Ancient <a href="/wiki/Meditation" title="Meditation">meditation</a> seats <i><a href="/wiki/Darshana_Upanishad" title="Darshana Upanishad">Darshana Upanishad</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/P%C4%81ta%C3%B1jalayoga%C5%9B%C4%81stravivara%E1%B9%87a" class="mw-redirect" title="Pātañjalayogaśāstravivaraṇa">Pātañjalayogaśāstravivaraṇa</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Gorakhnath" title="Gorakhnath">Goraksha Sataka</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gomukhasana" title="Gomukhasana">Gomukhasana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muktasana" class="mw-redirect" title="Muktasana">Muktasana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotus_position" title="Lotus position">Padmasana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siddhasana" title="Siddhasana">Siddhasana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simhasana" title="Simhasana">Simhasana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sopasrayasana" class="mw-redirect" title="Sopasrayasana">Sopasrayasana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sukhasana" class="mw-redirect" title="Sukhasana">Sukhasana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Svastikasana" class="mw-redirect" title="Svastikasana">Svastikasana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virasana" title="Virasana">Virasana</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>Ancient non-meditation <i><a href="/wiki/Ahirbudhnya_Sa%E1%B9%83hit%C4%81" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahirbudhnya Saṃhitā">Ahirbudhnya Saṃhitā</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/P%C4%81ta%C3%B1jalayoga%C5%9B%C4%81stravivara%E1%B9%87a" class="mw-redirect" title="Pātañjalayogaśāstravivaraṇa">Pātañjalayogaśāstravivaraṇa</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dandasana" class="mw-redirect" title="Dandasana">Dandasana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurmasana" title="Kurmasana">Kurmasana</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>c. 7th C. <i><a href="/wiki/Ahirbudhnya_Samhita" title="Ahirbudhnya Samhita">Ahirbudhnya Samhita</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kukkutasana" title="Kukkutasana">Kukkutasana</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>c. 10th C. <i><a href="/wiki/Vimanarcanakalpa" title="Vimanarcanakalpa">Vimanarcanakalpa</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mayurasana" title="Mayurasana">Mayurasana</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>c. 11th C. <i><a href="/wiki/Amritasiddhi" title="Amritasiddhi">Amritasiddhi</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Hemacandra" class="mw-redirect" title="Hemacandra">Hemachandra's <i>Yogashastra</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muktasana" class="mw-redirect" title="Muktasana">Muktasana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirshasana" title="Shirshasana">Shirshasana</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>12th C. <i><a href="/wiki/Amaraugha" title="Amaraugha">Amaraugha</a></i></li></ul> <ul><li>13th C. <i><a href="/wiki/Dattatreya_Yoga_Shastra" class="mw-redirect" title="Dattatreya Yoga Shastra">Dattatreya Yoga Shastra</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Goraksha_Shataka" title="Goraksha Shataka">Goraksha Shataka</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Vasishtha_Samhita" title="Vasishtha Samhita">Vasishtha Samhita</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Vivekam%C4%81rta%E1%B9%87%E1%B8%8Da" title="Vivekamārtaṇḍa">Vivekamārtaṇḍa</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Viparita_Karani" title="Viparita Karani">Viparita Karani</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>14th C. <i><a href="/wiki/Khecar%C4%ABvidy%C4%81" class="mw-redirect" title="Khecarīvidyā">Khecarīvidyā</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Shiva_Samhita" title="Shiva Samhita">Shiva Samhita</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Sharngadhara-paddhati" title="Sharngadhara-paddhati">Sharngadhara-paddhati</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Yogab%C4%ABja" title="Yogabīja">Yogabīja</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Yogat%C4%81r%C4%81val%C4%AB" title="Yogatārāvalī">Yogatārāvalī</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gorakshasana" title="Gorakshasana">Gorakshasana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paschimottanasana" title="Paschimottanasana">Paschimottanasana</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>15th C. <i><a href="/wiki/Hatha_Yoga_Pradipika" title="Hatha Yoga Pradipika">Hatha Yoga Pradipika</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baddha_Konasana" title="Baddha Konasana">Baddha Konasana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhanurasana" title="Dhanurasana">Dhanurasana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matsyendrasana" title="Matsyendrasana">Matsyendrasana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utkatasana" title="Utkatasana">Utkatasana</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>17th C. <i><a href="/wiki/Gheranda_Samhita" title="Gheranda Samhita">Gheranda Samhita</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Ha%E1%B9%ADha_Ratn%C4%81val%C4%AB" title="Haṭha Ratnāvalī">Hatha Ratnavali</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Yogacintamani" title="Yogacintamani">Yogacintamani</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Bahr_al-Hay%C4%81t" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahr al-Hayāt">Bahr al-Hayāt</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bakasana" title="Bakasana">Bakasana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhujangasana" title="Bhujangasana">Bhujangasana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kakasana" class="mw-redirect" title="Kakasana">Kakasana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kraunchasana" title="Kraunchasana">Kraunchasana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makarasana" title="Makarasana">Makarasana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandukasana" title="Mandukasana">Mandukasana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matsyasana" title="Matsyasana">Matsyasana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vajrasana_(yoga)" title="Vajrasana (yoga)">Vajrasana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vrikshasana" class="mw-redirect" title="Vrikshasana">Vrikshasana</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>18th C. <i><a href="/wiki/Ha%E1%B9%ADh%C4%81bhy%C4%81sapaddhati" title="Haṭhābhyāsapaddhati">Hathabhyasa-paddhati</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Joga_Prad%C4%ABpik%C4%81" title="Joga Pradīpikā">Joga Pradipika</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Handstand" title="Handstand">Adho Mukha Vrikshasana</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>19th C. <i><a href="/wiki/Sritattvanidhi" title="Sritattvanidhi">Sritattvanidhi</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akarna_Dhanurasana" title="Akarna Dhanurasana">Akarna Dhanurasana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhairavasana" class="mw-redirect" title="Bhairavasana">Bhairavasana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durvasasana" title="Durvasasana">Durvasasana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garudasana" title="Garudasana">Garudasana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halasana" title="Halasana">Halasana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navasana" title="Navasana">Navasana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashasana" class="mw-redirect" title="Pashasana">Pashasana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Setu_Bandha_Sarvangasana" title="Setu Bandha Sarvangasana">Setu Bandha Sarvangasana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tittibhasana" title="Tittibhasana">Tittibhasana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urdhva_Dhanurasana" class="mw-redirect" title="Urdhva Dhanurasana">Urdhva Dhanurasana</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>Late <ul><li>1905 <i><a href="/wiki/Yogasopana_Purvacatuska" title="Yogasopana Purvacatuska">Yogasopana Purvacatuska</a></i></li> <li>1943 <i><a href="/wiki/Hatha_Yoga:_The_Report_of_A_Personal_Experience" class="mw-redirect" title="Hatha Yoga: The Report of A Personal Experience">Hatha Yoga: The Report of A Personal Experience</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mudra#Yogic_mudrās" title="Mudra">Mudras</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mahamudra_(Hatha_Yoga)" title="Mahamudra (Hatha Yoga)">Mahamudra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maha_Bandha" class="mw-redirect" title="Maha Bandha">Maha Bandha</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jalandhara_Bandha" class="mw-redirect" title="Jalandhara Bandha">Jalandhara Bandha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mula_Bandha" class="mw-redirect" title="Mula Bandha">Mula Bandha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uddiyana_Bandha" class="mw-redirect" title="Uddiyana Bandha">Uddiyana Bandha</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viparita_Karani" title="Viparita Karani">Viparita Karani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khecar%C4%AB_mudr%C4%81" title="Khecarī mudrā">Khechari mudra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vajroli_mudra" title="Vajroli mudra">Vajroli mudra</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shatkarma" title="Shatkarma">Shatkarmas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dhauti" title="Dhauti">Dhauti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basti_(hatha_yoga)" title="Basti (hatha yoga)">Basti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kapalabhati" title="Kapalabhati">Kapalabhati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nauli" title="Nauli">Nauli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neti_(Hatha_Yoga)" title="Neti (Hatha Yoga)">Neti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tr%C4%81%E1%B9%ADaka" title="Trāṭaka">Trataka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pranayama" title="Pranayama">Pranayama</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anuloma_pranayama" title="Anuloma pranayama">Anuloma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhastrika" title="Bhastrika">Bhastrika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhramari#Pranayama" title="Bhramari">Bhramari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumbhaka" title="Kumbhaka">Kumbhaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ujjayi" title="Ujjayi">Ujjayi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Modern_yoga" title="Modern yoga">Modern yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nath" class="mw-redirect" title="Nath">Nath</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Roots_of_Yoga" title="Roots of Yoga">Roots of Yoga</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga" title="Yoga">Yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_as_exercise" title="Yoga as exercise">Yoga as exercise</a></li> <li><a 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