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class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet menu__item--page-actions-watch"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--star"></span> <span>Watch</span> </a> </li> <li id="page-actions-edit" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" id="ca-edit" href="/w/index.php?title=Korean_collaborators_with_Imperial_Japan&action=edit" data-event-name="menu.edit" data-mw="interface" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet edit-page menu__item--page-actions-edit"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>Edit</span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav>  <div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chinilpa&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinilpa">Chinilpa</a>)</span></div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p><p>From the late 19th century and until 1945, a number of ethnic Koreans worked with the <a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Empire of Japan</a>. Some of these figures contributed to or benefitted from <a href="/wiki/Korea_under_Japanese_rule" title="Korea under Japanese rule">Japan's colonization of Korea</a>, and some actively worked to counter the <a href="/wiki/Korean_independence_movement" title="Korean independence movement">Korean independence movement</a>. These people are now considered by much of Korea to have been collaborators with Japan, and thus traitors to Korea. </p><p>Examples of such people include members of the <a href="/wiki/Iljinhoe" title="Iljinhoe">Iljinhoe</a> or <a href="/wiki/Five_Eulsa_Traitors" title="Five Eulsa Traitors">Five Eulsa Traitors</a>. </p><p>Prosecution of collaborators began after the <a href="/wiki/Liberation_of_Korea" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberation of Korea">liberation of Korea</a>, although the prosecution was interfered with by the South Korean leader <a href="/wiki/Syngman_Rhee" title="Syngman Rhee">Syngman Rhee</a>. Prosecution returned after the gradual <a href="/wiki/Democratization" title="Democratization">democratization</a> during the 1980s and 1990s. The first anti-collaborator legislation was passed in 2005: the <a href="/wiki/Special_Law_to_Redeem_Pro-Japanese_Collaborators%27_Property" title="Special Law to Redeem Pro-Japanese Collaborators' Property">Special Law to Redeem Pro-Japanese Collaborators' Property</a>. </p><p><b><span title="Revised Romanization of Korean transliteration"><i lang="ko-Latn">Chinilpa</i></span></b> (<a href="/wiki/Korean_language" title="Korean language">Korean</a>: <span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang">친일파</span></span>; <a href="/wiki/Hanja" title="Hanja">Hanja</a>: <span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hani">親日派</span></span>; <abbr title="literal translation">lit.</abbr> pro-Japan faction) and <b><span title="Revised Romanization of Korean transliteration"><i lang="ko-Latn">bu-ilbae</i></span></b> (<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang">부일배</span></span>; <span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hani">附日輩</span></span>; <abbr title="literal translation">lit.</abbr> people who collaborated with Japan) are words used to describe collaborators. These terms can be considered derogatory. </p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Terminology"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Terminology</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#History"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">History</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Colonial_period"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Colonial period</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Treatment_of_collaborators_following_independence"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Treatment of collaborators following independence</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Prosecution_of_collaborators_in_the_21st_century"><span class="tocnumber">2.3</span> <span class="toctext">Prosecution of collaborators in the 21st century</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-6"><a href="#Definition_of_collaborators_by_the_Special_Law"><span class="tocnumber">2.3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Definition of collaborators by the Special Law</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-7"><a href="#Developments"><span class="tocnumber">2.3.2</span> <span class="toctext">Developments</span></a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Terminology">Terminology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Korean_collaborators_with_Imperial_Japan&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Terminology" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <p>The term "<span title="Revised Romanization of Korean transliteration"><i lang="ko-Latn">chinilpa</i></span>" (<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang">친일파</span></span>) first appeared in the 1966 book <span title="Revised Romanization of Korean transliteration"><i lang="ko-Latn">Chinilmunhangnon</i></span> (<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang">친일문학론</span></span>; <abbr title="literal translation">lit.</abbr> Comments on Pro-Japanese Literature), written by the Korean independence activist Im Jong-Guk. Before its publication, it was common to call collaborators <i><span title="Revised Romanization of Korean transliteration"><i lang="ko-Latn">bu-ilbae</i></span></i> (<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang">친일반민족행위자</span></span>; <span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hani">친일반민족행위자</span></span>; <abbr title="literal translation">lit.</abbr> Pro-Japanese Anti National Activists) The term was generally targeted at Korean colonial leadership.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The term is distinct from <span title="Revised Romanization of Korean transliteration"><i lang="ko-Latn">ji-ilpa</i></span> (<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang">지일파</span></span>; <span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hani">知日派</span></span>; <abbr title="literal translation">lit.</abbr> knowledgeable-about-Japan faction), which has a politically neutral connotation.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Korean_collaborators_with_Imperial_Japan&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Colonial_period">Colonial period</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Korean_collaborators_with_Imperial_Japan&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Colonial period" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>While it has taken on a meaning of "[national] traitor", only a minority of the early collaborators were opportunists, as most of the collaborator high officials in the beginning believed they were doing what was in the best interests of their country as it struggled to adapt to modernity; the collaborators were one of a number of factions that existed at that time which were concerned with modernizing Korea along a pattern set by another country (e.g. Russian faction, Chinese faction, American faction, and so on).<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the term itself was not coined until 1966 by scholar Im Chongguk (1929–1989). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Treatment_of_collaborators_following_independence">Treatment of collaborators following independence</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Korean_collaborators_with_Imperial_Japan&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Treatment of collaborators following independence" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>In the immediate liberation of Korea, American General <a href="/wiki/Douglas_MacArthur" title="Douglas MacArthur">Douglas MacArthur</a> initially requested that the Japanese colonial authorities and their Korean trainees continue to run Korea until natives could be trained to replace them. Nonetheless, Korean outrage did lead to the former being purged, but many of the latter collaborators were able to hold onto their positions. Similar to the United States' incomplete <a href="/wiki/Denazification" title="Denazification">denazification</a> of Germany and <a href="/wiki/Reverse_Course" title="Reverse Course">reverse course</a> in Japan, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Military_Government_in_Korea" title="United States Army Military Government in Korea">United States Military Government of Korea</a> saw these right-wing collaborator officials as useful in light of the nascent <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a> and deteriorating situation in the <a href="/wiki/Korean_Peninsula" class="mw-redirect" title="Korean Peninsula">Korean Peninsula</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Special_Investigation_Committee_of_Anti-National_Activities" title="Special Investigation Committee of Anti-National Activities">Special Committee for Prosecution of Anti-National Offenders</a> (<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang">반민특위</span></span>; <span title="Korean-language romanization"><i lang="ko-Latn">banmin teugwi</i></span>) was set up in 1948 to prosecute the collaborators. It handled 682 cases; 559 cases were handed over to a special prosecutor's office, which handed down indictments in 221 cases. A special tribunal tried 38 cases, sentenced guilty verdicts and punishments in 12 cases including one death sentence. Eighteen others had their civil rights suspended, six others were declared innocent and the remaining two were found guilty but were exempted from punishment. However, the Supreme Court suspended their execution in March 1950, just before the <a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The dictator at that time, <a href="/wiki/Syngman_Rhee" title="Syngman Rhee">Syngman Rhee</a>, sabotaged and dissolved the <i>banmin teugwi</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Under <a href="/wiki/First_Republic_of_Korea" title="First Republic of Korea">Rhee's regime</a> and in subsequent governments before the <a href="/wiki/Sixth_Republic_of_Korea" class="mw-redirect" title="Sixth Republic of Korea">Sixth Republic</a>, many of them enjoyed the same wealth and power they had under Japanese rule. Rhee employed many former collaborators in government and <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Korea_Armed_Forces" title="Republic of Korea Armed Forces">military</a> in order to combat <a href="/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea">North Korea</a> and communist sympathizers in South Korea. The next of South Korea's prominent dictators, <a href="/wiki/Park_Chung_Hee" title="Park Chung Hee">Park Chung Hee</a>, was himself a collaborator who served in the Imperial Japanese military system.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a>, collaborators were seen as a somewhat taboo subject given that many authorities were at one time collaborators themselves, and thus criticism of collaborators could be seen as questioning the legitimacy of the regime.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Similar pressure to silence was also applied to some collaborator literary figures.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>An early study into collaborators was done by "maverick scholar" Im Chongguk (1929–1989), whose 1966 work <i>Ch'inil Munhak-ron</i> (친일문학<b>론</b> Treatise on Pro-Japanese Literature) broke the silence on the subject matter.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although it was obscure in its day and didn't have a wide readership, a smattering of articles on the subject appeared in the late 1970s and by the 1980s, Im took his quarter-century's worth of study on the subject and began to publish more systemic works about collaborators in general, not just literary studies. Chongguk's personal zeal about honestly examining darker pages from national history were not very popular in his day, but by the 1990s, his legacy had strengthened and the topic became more accepted by the South Korean public. However, the old stigma still persisted to some extent in academia, as established mainstream scholars were seemingly "reluctant to dabble in such an irrelevant and 'humiliating' subject" as collaborators, and much of the interest and writing on the topic came from junior scholars and nonacademics such as independent researchers, literary critics, and journalists.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prosecution_of_collaborators_in_the_21st_century">Prosecution of collaborators in the 21st century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Korean_collaborators_with_Imperial_Japan&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Prosecution of collaborators in the 21st century" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>After more than 50 years have passed since the end of prosecution of collaborators under the Syngman Rhee administration, the prosecution restarted abruptly as a political agenda of President Roh Moo-hyun. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Definition_of_collaborators_by_the_Special_Law">Definition of collaborators by the Special Law</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Korean_collaborators_with_Imperial_Japan&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Definition of collaborators by the Special Law" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>The newly enacted Special Law on the Inspection of Collaborations for the Japanese Imperialism<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> defines "pro-Japanese and anti-national actions" (<span title="Revised Romanization of Korean transliteration"><i lang="ko-Latn">chinilpa</i></span>) as follows. </p> <dl><dd>article 2</dd> <dd>Under this act, the "pro-Japanese and anti-national actions" means any of the following actions committed between the outbreak of the <a href="/wiki/Russo-Japanese_War" title="Russo-Japanese War">Russo-Japanese War</a> that began the deprivation of Korean sovereignty by the Japanese imperialism and August 15, 1945. <dl><dd>1. Any act to attack or order to attack the military forces fighting against the Japanese imperialism to keep sovereign power.</dd> <dd>3. Any act to kill, execute, harass or arrest the persons or their families participating in the independent movement or anti-Japanese movement, and an act to instruct or order those violences thereto.</dd> <dd>6. Any act to agree, join or conspire the treaties that interfered with the sovereign power including <a href="/wiki/Eulsa_Treaty" class="mw-redirect" title="Eulsa Treaty">Eulsa Treaty</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japan-Korea_Annexation_Treaty" class="mw-redirect" title="Japan-Korea Annexation Treaty">Korean-Japanese Annexation Treaty</a> and others.</dd> <dd>8. Any act of participating in the Assembly of Japanese Empire as a member of the Noble Class or member of Japanese Assembly.</dd> <dd>9. Any act of participating as vice chairman, advisor or House of Representatives for the Senate of the Choson Government-General.</dd> <dd>10. Any act of positively cooperate with the invasion war (WW2) as an officer above lieutenant of the Japanese imperial forces.</dd> <dd>14. Any act to operate the military supply manufacturing to help the warfare of the Japanese imperialism or donate certain amount of or more money and goods determined under the Presidential Decree.</dd></dl></dd></dl> <p>The law is concerned about the independence movement, unlike the ex-Nazi prosecution which concentrates on the war crimes. Most remarkable are items 8 and 9. Being a law-maker during that time qualifies one as a "pro-Japanese and anti-national Collaborator" regardless of what one did as a law-maker. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Developments">Developments</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Korean_collaborators_with_Imperial_Japan&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Developments" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>On August 29, 2005, a civic organization, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Institute_for_Research_in_Collaborationist_Activities&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Institute for Research in Collaborationist Activities (page does not exist)">Institute for Research in Collaborationist Activities</a> disclosed a list of 3094 Korean collaborator suspects including <a href="/wiki/Park_Chung_Hee" title="Park Chung Hee">Park Chung Hee</a>, the former Korean president, <a href="/wiki/Kim_Seong-su" title="Kim Seong-su">Kim Seong-su</a>, a former publisher of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Dong-A_Ilbo" title="The Dong-A Ilbo">The Dong-A Ilbo</a></i> and the founder of <a href="/wiki/Korea_University" title="Korea University">Korea University</a>, and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bang_Eung-mo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bang Eung-mo (page does not exist)">Bang Eung-mo</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B0%A9%EC%9D%91%EB%AA%A8" class="extiw" title="ko:방응모">ko</a>]</span>, a former president of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Chosun_Ilbo" title="The Chosun Ilbo">The Chosun Ilbo</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On December 6, 2006, a South Korean presidential commission, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Investigative_Commission_on_Pro-Japanese_Collaborators%27_Property&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Investigative Commission on Pro-Japanese Collaborators' Property (page does not exist)">Investigative Commission on Pro-Japanese Collaborators' Property</a> revealed the first official collaborators list of 106 persons during 1904 to <a href="/wiki/March_First_Movement" title="March First Movement">March First Movement</a> in 1919 was including four of the <a href="/wiki/Five_Eulsa_Traitors" title="Five Eulsa Traitors">Five Eulsa Traitors</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On August 18, 2006, the commission started the investigation before seizing the property obtained by collaborators during Japanese colonization.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On May 2, 2007, the South Korean government announced its plan to seize assets gained by pro-Japanese collaborators during Japanese colonial rule amounting 3.6 billion won (US$3.9 million, €2.8 million) worth of land from the descendants of nine pro-Japanese collaborators.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On August 13, 2007, the commission decided to confiscate about 1 million square meters of land valued at 25.7 billion won that is now owned by the descendants of another ten pro-Japanese collaborators.<sup id="cite_ref-KT070813_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KT070813-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On September 17, 2007, the commission revealed the second list of 202 collaborators focused on pro-Japanese figures between 1919 and 1937.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The list includes <a href="/wiki/Song_Byeong-jun" class="mw-redirect" title="Song Byeong-jun">Song Byeong-jun</a> who sent letters to the Japanese government asking for a merger, <a href="/wiki/Lee_Ji-yong" title="Lee Ji-yong">Lee Ji-yong</a>, who is one of the Five Eulsa Traitors, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lee_Doo-hwang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lee Doo-hwang (page does not exist)">Lee Doo-hwang</a>, who participated in the murder of <a href="/wiki/Empress_Myeongseong" title="Empress Myeongseong">Empress Myeongseong</a> in 1895 and later became a governor of the <a href="/wiki/North_Jeolla_Province" title="North Jeolla Province">North Jeolla Province</a>, a novelist <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yi_In-jik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yi In-jik (page does not exist)">Yi In-jik</a>, the author of <i>Hyeoleuinu (Tears of Blood)</i>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yoo_Hak-ju&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yoo Hak-ju (page does not exist)">Yoo Hak-ju</a>, a council member of the <a href="/wiki/Iljinhoe" title="Iljinhoe">Iljinhoe</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bae_Jeong-ja&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bae Jeong-ja (page does not exist)">Bae Jeong-ja</a>, foster daughter of the first <a href="/wiki/Resident-General_of_Korea" class="mw-redirect" title="Resident-General of Korea">Resident-General of Korea</a> who spied on Korean independence activists and recruited <a href="/wiki/Comfort_women" title="Comfort women">comfort women</a>, and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Park_Je-bin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Park Je-bin (page does not exist)">Park Je-bin</a>, who formed a tribute group to pay condolences at Ito's funeral in 1926. On the same day, the Seoul administrative court rejected a lawsuit against the commission to erase the names of the son and grandson of <a href="/wiki/Daewon-gun" class="mw-redirect" title="Daewon-gun">Daewon-gun</a> (father of <a href="/wiki/Gojong_of_the_Korean_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Gojong of the Korean Empire">Gojong of the Korean Empire</a>) from the list, who allegedly attended the signing of the <a href="/wiki/Japan-Korea_Annexation_Treaty" class="mw-redirect" title="Japan-Korea Annexation Treaty">Japan-Korea Annexation Treaty</a> as representatives of the royal family. </p><p>The official list during the most controversial period (1937–1945) that may contain persons who played important roles in South Korean development after the independence and enlisted in the 2005 list of the Institute for Research in Collaborationist Activities had not been revealed as of September 2007. </p><p>Since the enactment of the <a href="/wiki/Truth_and_Reconciliation_Commission_(South_Korea)" title="Truth and Reconciliation Commission (South Korea)">Special Law on the Inspection of Collaboration with Japanese Imperialism</a> in 2004 and the <a href="/wiki/Special_law_to_redeem_pro-Japanese_collaborators%27_property" class="mw-redirect" title="Special law to redeem pro-Japanese collaborators' property">special law to redeem pro-Japanese collaborators' property</a> in 2005, the committee has made a list of 452 pro-Japanese collaborators and examined the land of 109 among them. The total size of the land is estimated at 13.1 million square meters, worth almost 100 billion won.<sup id="cite_ref-KT070813_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KT070813-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The confiscated properties will be appropriated, with priority, to reward Koreans who contributed to the independence of Korea from Japan. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Korean_collaborators_with_Imperial_Japan&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_war_crimes" title="Japanese war crimes">Japanese war crimes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Japanese_sentiment_in_Korea" title="Anti-Japanese sentiment in Korea">Anti-Japanese sentiment in Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five_Eulsa_Traitors" title="Five Eulsa Traitors">Five Eulsa Traitors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Korea_disputes" title="Japan–Korea disputes">Japan–Korea disputes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Korea_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Japan–Korea relations">Japan–Korea relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Race_traitor" title="Race traitor">Race traitor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quisling" title="Quisling">Quisling</a> - Scandinavian and English equivalent</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makapili" title="Makapili">Makapili</a> – Filipino equivalent</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanjian" title="Hanjian">Hanjian</a> – Chinese equivalent</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judenrat" title="Judenrat">Judenrat</a> - Jewish equivalent in Nazi Germany and its occupied territories</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Razakar_(Pakistan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Razakar (Pakistan)">Razakar (Pakistan)</a> - Bangladeshi equivalent</li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Korean_collaborators_with_Imperial_Japan&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFKillick2001" class="citation journal cs1">Killick, Andrew P. (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/23719471">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Ch'anggŭk" Opera and the Category of the "Traditionesque"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Korean Studies</i>. <b>25</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">51–</span>71. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0145-840X">0145-840X</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/23719471">23719471</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Korean+Studies&rft.atitle=%22Ch%27angg%C5%ADk%22+Opera+and+the+Category+of+the+%22Traditionesque%22&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E51-%3C%2Fspan%3E71&rft.date=2001&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F23719471%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.issn=0145-840X&rft.aulast=Killick&rft.aufirst=Andrew+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F23719471&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorean+collaborators+with+Imperial+Japan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCaprio2014" class="citation journal cs1">Caprio, Mark E. (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/43898362">"The Eagle has Landed: Groping for a Korean Role in the Pacific War"</a>. <i>The Journal of American-East Asian Relations</i>. <b>21</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">5–</span>33. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F18765610-02101001">10.1163/18765610-02101001</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1058-3947">1058-3947</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/43898362">43898362</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+American-East+Asian+Relations&rft.atitle=The+Eagle+has+Landed%3A+Groping+for+a+Korean+Role+in+the+Pacific+War&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E5-%3C%2Fspan%3E33&rft.date=2014&rft.issn=1058-3947&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F43898362%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F18765610-02101001&rft.aulast=Caprio&rft.aufirst=Mark+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F43898362&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorean+collaborators+with+Imperial+Japan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080521144204/http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/nation/news_view.asp?newsIdx=2700458">"Pro-Japan collaborators list sparks controversy"</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Korea_Times" title="The Korea Times">The Korea Times</a>, 8/29/2005</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTreat2012" class="citation journal cs1">Treat, John Whittier (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0021911811002956">"Choosing to Collaborate: Yi Kwang-su and the Moral Subject in Colonial Korea"</a>. <i>The Journal of Asian Studies</i>. <b>71</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">81–</span>102. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0021911811002956">10.1017/S0021911811002956</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0021-9118">0021-9118</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/41350052">41350052</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:159997254">159997254</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Asian+Studies&rft.atitle=Choosing+to+Collaborate%3A+Yi+Kwang-su+and+the+Moral+Subject+in+Colonial+Korea&rft.volume=71&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E81-%3C%2Fspan%3E102&rft.date=2012&rft.issn=0021-9118&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A159997254%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F41350052%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0021911811002956&rft.aulast=Treat&rft.aufirst=John+Whittier&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1017%252FS0021911811002956&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorean+collaborators+with+Imperial+Japan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJeongShin2018" class="citation journal cs1">Jeong, Minji; Shin, Youseop (2018-04-30). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.14731%2Fkjis.2018.04.16.1.57">"Post-War Korean Conservatism, Japanese Statism, and the Legacy of President Park Chung-hee in South Korea"</a>. <i>The Korean Journal of International Studies</i>. <b>16</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">57–</span>76. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.14731%2Fkjis.2018.04.16.1.57">10.14731/kjis.2018.04.16.1.57</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2233-470X">2233-470X</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:158247160">158247160</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Korean+Journal+of+International+Studies&rft.atitle=Post-War+Korean+Conservatism%2C+Japanese+Statism%2C+and+the+Legacy+of+President+Park+Chung-hee+in+South+Korea&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E57-%3C%2Fspan%3E76&rft.date=2018-04-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A158247160%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=2233-470X&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.14731%2Fkjis.2018.04.16.1.57&rft.aulast=Jeong&rft.aufirst=Minji&rft.au=Shin%2C+Youseop&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.14731%252Fkjis.2018.04.16.1.57&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorean+collaborators+with+Imperial+Japan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShin2012" class="citation journal cs1">Shin, Michael D. (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/41350054">"Yi Kwang-su: The Collaborator as Modernist against Modernity"</a>. <i>The Journal of Asian Studies</i>. <b>71</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">115–</span>120. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0021911811002944">10.1017/S0021911811002944</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0021-9118">0021-9118</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/41350054">41350054</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:163006734">163006734</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Asian+Studies&rft.atitle=Yi+Kwang-su%3A+The+Collaborator+as+Modernist+against+Modernity&rft.volume=71&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E115-%3C%2Fspan%3E120&rft.date=2012&rft.issn=0021-9118&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A163006734%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F41350054%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0021911811002944&rft.aulast=Shin&rft.aufirst=Michael+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F41350054&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorean+collaborators+with+Imperial+Japan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKim2004" class="citation journal cs1">Kim, Kyu Hyun (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/43107105">"Reflections on the Problems of Colonial Modernity and "Collaboration" in Modern Korean History"</a>. <i>Journal of International and Area Studies</i>. <b>11</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">95–</span>111. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1226-8550">1226-8550</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/43107105">43107105</a>. <q>And yet, until the late 1980s it was exceedingly difficult, if not altogether impossible to find any scholarly study on the <i>chinilpa</i> problem. Relevant records were offending passages whitewashed in the collected works or biographies of important men of letters. When the "collaborators" were indeed mentioned, they tended to be <i>fin-de-siècle</i> personages like Yi Wan-yong but not canonized literary figures such as Yi Kwan Ch'oe Nam-sŏn who nonetheless did lend support to the Japanese imperialists in colonial period.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+International+and+Area+Studies&rft.atitle=Reflections+on+the+Problems+of+Colonial+Modernity+and+%22Collaboration%22+in+Modern+Korean+History&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E95-%3C%2Fspan%3E111&rft.date=2004&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F43107105%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.issn=1226-8550&rft.aulast=Kim&rft.aufirst=Kyu+Hyun&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F43107105&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorean+collaborators+with+Imperial+Japan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDe_Ceuster2001" class="citation journal cs1">De Ceuster, Koen (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/23718903">"The Nation Exorcised: The Historiography of Collaboration in South Korea"</a>. <i>Korean Studies</i>. <b>25</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">207–</span>242. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0145-840X">0145-840X</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/23718903">23718903</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Korean+Studies&rft.atitle=The+Nation+Exorcised%3A+The+Historiography+of+Collaboration+in+South+Korea&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E207-%3C%2Fspan%3E242&rft.date=2001&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F23718903%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.issn=0145-840X&rft.aulast=De+Ceuster&rft.aufirst=Koen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F23718903&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorean+collaborators+with+Imperial+Japan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080521193351/http://www.pcic.go.kr:8088/pcic/english-1.htm">"Welcome to PCIC"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pcic.go.kr:8088/pcic/english-1.htm">the original</a> on 2008-05-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-10-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Welcome+to+PCIC&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pcic.go.kr%3A8088%2Fpcic%2Fenglish-1.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorean+collaborators+with+Imperial+Japan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.asiamedia.ucla.edu/article.asp?parentid=29160">"KOREA: Ex-leader Park on list of 3,000 Japan collaborators"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051106075738/http://www.asiamedia.ucla.edu/article.asp?parentid=29160">Archived</a> 2005-11-06 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Korea_Herald" title="The Korea Herald">The Korea Herald</a>/AsiaMedia-<a href="/wiki/UCLA" class="mw-redirect" title="UCLA">UCLA</a>, August 30, 2005</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.hankooki.com/lpage/society/200612/h2006120700235521950.htm">"정부차원의 첫 보고서 친일청산 논란 재점화"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070929091303/http://news.hankooki.com/lpage/society/200612/h2006120700235521950.htm">Archived</a> 2007-09-29 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Korea_Times" title="The Korea Times">The Korea Times</a>, 2006/12/07.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080521144210/http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/nation/news_view.asp?newsIdx=2951059">"Assets of Japan Collaborators to Be Seized"</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Korea_Times" title="The Korea Times">The Korea Times</a>, 08-13-2006</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2007/05/02/asia/AS-GEN-SKorea-Japan-Collaborators.php">"SKorea to seize assets of collaborators in Japanese colonial era for first time"</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Associated_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="The Associated Press">The Associated Press</a>/<a href="/wiki/The_International_Herald_Tribune" class="mw-redirect" title="The International Herald Tribune">The International Herald Tribune</a>, May 2, 2007</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-KT070813-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-KT070813_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-KT070813_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/nation/nation_view.asp?newsIdx=8259&categoryCode=117">"State to Confiscate Land of Pro-Japanese Collaborators"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070927191442/http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/nation/nation_view.asp?newsIdx=8259&categoryCode=117">Archived</a> September 27, 2007, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Korea_Times" title="The Korea Times">The Korea Times</a>, 2007-08-13</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bae Ji-sook, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080521144147/http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/nation/nation_view.asp?newsIdx=10320&categoryCode=117">"202 Pro-Japanese Collaborators Disclosed"</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Korea_Times" title="The Korea Times">The Korea Times</a>, 09-17-2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in Korean)</span> 강인식, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://article.joins.com/article/article.asp?total_id=2887718">"법원 '친일파 공개 적절'"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080521163527/http://article.joins.com/article/article.asp?total_id=2887718">Archived</a> 2008-05-21 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/JoongAng_Ilbo" title="JoongAng Ilbo">JoongAng Ilbo</a>, 2007.09.18.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in Japanese)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://japanese.joins.com/article/article.php?aid=91235">"宋秉畯ら第2期親日反民族行為者202人を選定"</a>, <a href="/wiki/JoongAng_Ilbo" title="JoongAng Ilbo">JoongAng Ilbo</a>, 2007.09.17.</span> </li> </ol></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Korean_collaborators_with_Imperial_Japan&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> 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