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id="toc-Role_in_carcinogenesis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_HIV-1_infections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_HIV-1_infections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>In HIV-1 infections</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_HIV-1_infections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Retinal_degeneration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Retinal_degeneration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Retinal degeneration</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Retinal_degeneration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Neuroinflammation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Neuroinflammation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Neuroinflammation</span> </div> </a> <ul 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id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Interleukin 1 beta</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 13 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-13" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">13 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%84%D9%88%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%86_1_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%A7" title="إنترلوكين 1 بيتا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إنترلوكين 1 بيتا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interleucina_1_beta" title="Interleucina 1 beta – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Interleucina 1 beta" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interleukin_1_beta" title="Interleukin 1 beta – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Interleukin 1 beta" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/IL1B" title="IL1B – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="IL1B" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interleukin-1%CE%B2" title="Interleukin-1β – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Interleukin-1β" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interleucina-1_beta" title="Interleucina-1 beta – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Interleucina-1 beta" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%84%D9%88%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%86_%DB%B1_%D8%A8%D8%AA%D8%A7" title="اینترلوکین ۱ بتا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اینترلوکین ۱ بتا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interleukine_1_b%C3%AAta" title="Interleukine 1 bêta – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Interleukine 1 bêta" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interleucina_1_beta" title="Interleucina 1 beta – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Interleucina 1 beta" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/IL-1%CE%B2" title="IL-1β – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="IL-1β" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" 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<div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="infobox" style="width:26.4em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold">IL1B</th></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:31BI.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/31BI.png/250px-31BI.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/31BI.png/375px-31BI.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/31BI.png/500px-31BI.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="720" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><table style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:light-dark(#ddd, #404244) !important;color:inherit">Available structures</th></tr><tr><th rowspan="2" style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit;width:43px"><a href="/wiki/Protein_Data_Bank" title="Protein Data Bank">PDB</a></th><td colspan="2" style="background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit">Ortholog search: <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbe/searchResults.html?display=both&term=P10749%20or%20P01584">PDBe</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/search?q=rcsb_polymer_entity_container_identifiers.reference_sequence_identifiers.database_name:UniProt%20AND%20rcsb_polymer_entity_container_identifiers.reference_sequence_identifiers.database_accession:P10749,P01584">RCSB</a> </span></td></tr><tr><td><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr style="text-align:center"><th colspan="2" style="background-color:light-dark(#ddd, #404244) !important;color:inherit">List of PDB id codes</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><p><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1HIB">1HIB</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1I1B">1I1B</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1IOB">1IOB</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1ITB">1ITB</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1L2H">1L2H</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1S0L">1S0L</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1T4Q">1T4Q</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1TOO">1TOO</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1TP0">1TP0</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1TWE">1TWE</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1TWM">1TWM</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/21BI">21BI</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/2I1B">2I1B</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/2KH2">2KH2</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/2NVH">2NVH</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/31BI">31BI</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/3O4O">3O4O</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/3POK">3POK</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/41BI">41BI</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/4DEP">4DEP</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/4G6J">4G6J</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/4G6M">4G6M</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/4GAI">4GAI</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/4I1B">4I1B</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/5I1B">5I1B</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/6I1B">6I1B</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/7I1B">7I1B</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/9ILB">9ILB</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/4GAF">4GAF</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/5BVP">5BVP</a></span></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:light-dark(#ddd, #404244) !important;color:inherit">Identifiers</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit"><span class="plainlinks"><a href="/wiki/Gene_nomenclature" title="Gene nomenclature">Aliases</a></span></th><td colspan="3" style="background:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.genenames.org/data/gene-symbol-report/#!/hgnc_id/5992">IL1B</a></span>, IL-1, IL1-BETA, IL1F2, interleukin 1 beta, IL1beta</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit">External IDs</th><td colspan="3" style="background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><span class="plainlinks"><a href="/wiki/Mendelian_Inheritance_in_Man" class="mw-redirect" title="Mendelian Inheritance in Man">OMIM</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://omim.org/entry/147720">147720</a>; <a href="/wiki/Mouse_Genome_Informatics" title="Mouse Genome Informatics">MGI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.informatics.jax.org/marker/MGI:96543">96543</a>; <a href="/wiki/HomoloGene" title="HomoloGene">HomoloGene</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=homologene&dopt=HomoloGene&list_uids=481">481</a>; <a href="/wiki/GeneCards" title="GeneCards">GeneCards</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.genecards.org/cgi-bin/carddisp.pl?gene=IL1B">IL1B</a>; <a href="/wiki/Orthologous_MAtrix" title="Orthologous MAtrix">OMA</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://omabrowser.org/oma/vps/ENSG00000125538">IL1B - orthologs</a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:light-dark(#ddd, #404244) !important;color:inherit">Gene location (<a href="/wiki/Human_genome" title="Human genome">Human</a>)</th></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ideogram_human_chromosome_2.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chromosome 2 (human)"><img alt="Chromosome 2 (human)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Ideogram_human_chromosome_2.svg/300px-Ideogram_human_chromosome_2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Ideogram_human_chromosome_2.svg/450px-Ideogram_human_chromosome_2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Ideogram_human_chromosome_2.svg/600px-Ideogram_human_chromosome_2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="474" data-file-height="189" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" width="15%" style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit"><a href="/wiki/Chromosome" title="Chromosome">Chr.</a></th><td colspan="3" width="85%" style="background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><span class="plainlinks"><a href="/wiki/Chromosome_2_(human)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chromosome 2 (human)">Chromosome 2 (human)</a><sup id="cite_ref-refGRCh38Ensembl_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-refGRCh38Ensembl-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><div align="center"><div style="position: relative; width: 300px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Human_chromosome_2_ideogram.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chromosome 2 (human)"><img alt="Chromosome 2 (human)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Human_chromosome_2_ideogram.svg/300px-Human_chromosome_2_ideogram.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="58" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Human_chromosome_2_ideogram.svg/450px-Human_chromosome_2_ideogram.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Human_chromosome_2_ideogram.svg/600px-Human_chromosome_2_ideogram.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1125" data-file-height="216" /></a></span><div style="position: absolute; left: 131.63097221215px; top: 2px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Genomic location for IL1B"><img alt="Genomic location for IL1B" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg/14px-HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg/21px-HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg/28px-HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="142" data-file-height="142" /></a></span></div><div style="position: absolute; left: 137.6px; top: 19px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Red_rectangle_2x18.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Genomic location for IL1B"><img alt="Genomic location for IL1B" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6a/Red_rectangle_2x18.png" decoding="async" width="2" height="18" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2" data-file-height="18" /></a></span></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" rowspan="2" width="15%" style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit"><a href="/wiki/Locus_(genetics)" title="Locus (genetics)">Band</a></th><td rowspan="2" width="35%" style="background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><span class="plainlinks">2q14.1</span></td><th scope="row" style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit">Start</th><td style="background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><span class="plainlinks">112,829,751 <a href="/wiki/Base_pair" title="Base pair">bp</a><sup id="cite_ref-refGRCh38Ensembl_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-refGRCh38Ensembl-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit">End</th><td style="background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><span class="plainlinks">112,836,816 <a href="/wiki/Base_pair" title="Base pair">bp</a><sup id="cite_ref-refGRCh38Ensembl_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-refGRCh38Ensembl-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:light-dark(#ddd, #404244) !important;color:inherit">Gene location (<a href="/wiki/Laboratory_mouse" title="Laboratory mouse">Mouse</a>)</th></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ideogram_house_mouse_chromosome_2.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chromosome 2 (mouse)"><img alt="Chromosome 2 (mouse)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Ideogram_house_mouse_chromosome_2.svg/260px-Ideogram_house_mouse_chromosome_2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Ideogram_house_mouse_chromosome_2.svg/390px-Ideogram_house_mouse_chromosome_2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Ideogram_house_mouse_chromosome_2.svg/520px-Ideogram_house_mouse_chromosome_2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="470" data-file-height="200" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" width="15%" style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit"><a href="/wiki/Chromosome" title="Chromosome">Chr.</a></th><td colspan="3" width="85%" style="background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><span class="plainlinks">Chromosome 2 (mouse)<sup id="cite_ref-refGRCm38Ensembl_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-refGRCm38Ensembl-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><div align="center"><div style="position: relative; width: 300px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ideogram_of_house_mouse_chromosome_2.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chromosome 2 (mouse)"><img alt="Chromosome 2 (mouse)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ideogram_of_house_mouse_chromosome_2.svg/300px-Ideogram_of_house_mouse_chromosome_2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="58" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ideogram_of_house_mouse_chromosome_2.svg/450px-Ideogram_of_house_mouse_chromosome_2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ideogram_of_house_mouse_chromosome_2.svg/600px-Ideogram_of_house_mouse_chromosome_2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="231" /></a></span><div style="position: absolute; left: 203.28821939566px; top: 2px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Genomic location for IL1B"><img alt="Genomic location for IL1B" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg/14px-HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg/21px-HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg/28px-HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="142" data-file-height="142" /></a></span></div><div style="position: absolute; left: 209.3px; top: 19px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Red_rectangle_2x18.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Genomic location for IL1B"><img alt="Genomic location for IL1B" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6a/Red_rectangle_2x18.png" decoding="async" width="2" height="18" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2" data-file-height="18" /></a></span></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" rowspan="2" width="15%" style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit"><a href="/wiki/Locus_(genetics)" title="Locus (genetics)">Band</a></th><td rowspan="2" width="35%" style="background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><span class="plainlinks">2 F1|2 62.97 cM</span></td><th scope="row" style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit">Start</th><td style="background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><span class="plainlinks">129,206,490 <a href="/wiki/Base_pair" title="Base pair">bp</a><sup id="cite_ref-refGRCm38Ensembl_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-refGRCm38Ensembl-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit">End</th><td style="background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><span class="plainlinks">129,213,059 <a href="/wiki/Base_pair" title="Base pair">bp</a><sup id="cite_ref-refGRCm38Ensembl_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-refGRCm38Ensembl-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:light-dark(#ddd, #404244) !important;color:inherit"><a href="/wiki/Gene_expression" title="Gene expression">RNA expression</a> pattern</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bgee.org/">Bgee</a></th><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><th><b><a href="/wiki/Human_genome" title="Human genome">Human</a></b></th><th><b><a href="/wiki/Laboratory_mouse" title="Laboratory mouse">Mouse</a> (ortholog)</b></th></tr><tr><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:center"><tbody><tr><td colspan="1"><span class="plainlinks" style="margin:-3px"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bgee.org/gene/ENSG00000125538">Top expressed in</a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><div class="plainlinks" style="margin:-12px 0px -10px 0px"><ul style="line-height:15%;margin:9px"><li style="line-height: 137%;">periodontal fiber</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">granulocyte</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">monocyte</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">blood</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">bone marrow cells</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">cartilage tissue</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">pancreatic ductal cell</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">gallbladder</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">appendix</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">decidua</li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:center"><tbody><tr><td colspan="1"><span class="plainlinks" style="margin:-3px"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bgee.org/gene/ENSMUSG00000027398">Top expressed in</a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><div class="plainlinks" style="margin:-12px 0px -10px 0px"><ul style="line-height:15%;margin:9px"><li style="line-height: 137%;">granulocyte</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">blood</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">tibiofemoral joint</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">spleen</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">embryo</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">bone marrow</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">islet of Langerhans</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">right lung</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">lumbar subsegment of spinal cord</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">right ventricle</li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bgee.org/gene/ENSG00000125538">More reference expression data</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://biogps.org/">BioGPS</a></th><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PBB_GE_IL1B_205067_at.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/PBB_GE_IL1B_205067_at.png/250px-PBB_GE_IL1B_205067_at.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0c/PBB_GE_IL1B_205067_at.png 1.5x" data-file-width="255" data-file-height="135" /></a></span><br /><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PBB_GE_IL1B_39402_at.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/PBB_GE_IL1B_39402_at.png/250px-PBB_GE_IL1B_39402_at.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6d/PBB_GE_IL1B_39402_at.png 1.5x" data-file-width="255" data-file-height="135" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://biogps.org/gene/3553/">More reference expression data</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:light-dark(#ddd, #404244) !important;color:inherit"><a href="/wiki/Gene_ontology" class="mw-redirect" title="Gene ontology">Gene ontology</a></th></tr><tr><td style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit;font-weight:bold">Molecular function</td><td style="background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><div class="plainlinks"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0019904">protein domain specific binding</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0005149">interleukin-1 receptor binding</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0005125">cytokine activity</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0005178">integrin binding</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0005515">protein binding</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit;font-weight:bold">Cellular component</td><td style="background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><div class="plainlinks"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0005737">cytoplasm</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0005829">cytosol</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0005576">extracellular region</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0005764">lysosome</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0070062">extracellular exosome</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0030141">secretory granule</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0031982">vesicle</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0005615">extracellular space</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit;font-weight:bold">Biological process</td><td style="background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><div class="plainlinks"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0001934">positive regulation of protein phosphorylation</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0014805">smooth muscle adaptation</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0060559">positive regulation of calcidiol 1-monooxygenase activity</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0046627">negative regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0071260">cellular response to mechanical stimulus</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0032757">positive regulation of interleukin-8 production</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0045840">positive regulation of mitotic nuclear division</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0009743">response to carbohydrate</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0007566">embryo implantation</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0043122">regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0008285">negative regulation of cell population proliferation</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0006915">apoptotic process</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0071310">cellular response to organic substance</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0050766">positive regulation of phagocytosis</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0050796">regulation of insulin secretion</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0030593">neutrophil chemotaxis</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0045893">positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0046827">positive regulation of protein export from nucleus</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0032308">positive regulation of prostaglandin secretion</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0035505">positive regulation of myosin light chain kinase activity</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0043407">negative regulation of MAP kinase activity</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0042102">positive regulation of T cell proliferation</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0032755">positive regulation of interleukin-6 production</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0006954">inflammatory response</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0045833">negative regulation of lipid metabolic process</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0030730">sequestering of triglyceride</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0030213">hyaluronan biosynthetic process</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0034116">positive regulation of heterotypic cell-cell adhesion</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0050996">positive regulation of lipid catabolic process</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0071407">cellular response to organic cyclic compound</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0031622">positive regulation of fever generation</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0051091">positive regulation of DNA-binding transcription factor activity</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0045766">positive regulation of angiogenesis</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0032496">response to lipopolysaccharide</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0051092">positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0032725">positive regulation of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor production</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0006955">immune response</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0035234">ectopic germ cell programmed cell death</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0050900">leukocyte migration</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0031663">lipopolysaccharide-mediated signaling pathway</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0030949">positive regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0060355">positive regulation of cell adhesion molecule production</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0033198">response to ATP</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0070487">monocyte aggregation</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0043491">protein kinase B signaling</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0045429">positive regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0007267">cell-cell signaling</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0071639">positive regulation of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 production</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0050999">regulation of nitric-oxide synthase activity</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0051044">positive regulation of membrane protein ectodomain proteolysis</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0032729">positive regulation of interferon-gamma production</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0000165">MAPK cascade</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0035066">positive regulation of histone acetylation</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0010628">positive regulation of gene expression</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0010829">negative regulation of glucose transmembrane transport</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0032611">interleukin-1 beta production</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0002711">positive regulation of T cell mediated immunity</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0097192">extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in absence of ligand</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0043123">positive regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0010575">positive regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor production</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:2001240">negative regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in absence of ligand</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0050995">negative regulation of lipid catabolic process</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0070164">negative regulation of adiponectin secretion</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:1903140">regulation of establishment of endothelial barrier</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0051781">positive regulation of cell division</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0007165">signal transduction</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0045944">positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0019221">cytokine-mediated signaling pathway</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0050691">regulation of defense response to virus by host</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0001660">fever generation</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0046330">positive regulation of JNK cascade</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0008284">positive regulation of cell population proliferation</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0010469">regulation of signaling receptor activity</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0010718">positive regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0030335">positive regulation of cell migration</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0032635">interleukin-6 production</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0048143">astrocyte activation</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0050767">regulation of neurogenesis</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0050768">negative regulation of neurogenesis</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0050805">negative regulation of synaptic transmission</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0060252">positive regulation of glial cell proliferation</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0070372">regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0070498">interleukin-1-mediated signaling pathway</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0071222">cellular response to lipopolysaccharide</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0150078">positive regulation of neuroinflammatory response</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:1900745">positive regulation of p38MAPK cascade</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:1901224">positive regulation of NIK/NF-kappaB signaling</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:2000556">positive regulation of T-helper 1 cell cytokine production</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0031394">positive regulation of prostaglandin biosynthetic process</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0045917">positive regulation of complement activation</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0050729">positive regulation of inflammatory response</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0070555">response to interleukin-1</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:1902680">positive regulation of RNA biosynthetic process</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit;text-align:center">Sources:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/">Amigo</a> / <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/">QuickGO</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><table class="collapsible" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:light-dark(#ddd, #404244) !important;color:inherit"><a href="/wiki/Orthologs" class="mw-redirect" title="Orthologs">Orthologs</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit">Species</th><td><b>Human</b></td><td><b>Mouse</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit"><a href="/wiki/Entrez" title="Entrez">Entrez</a></th><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1"><span class="plainlinks"></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=gene&cmd=retrieve&dopt=default&list_uids=3553&rn=1">3553</a></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1"><span class="plainlinks"></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=gene&cmd=retrieve&dopt=default&list_uids=16176&rn=1">16176</a></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit"><a href="/wiki/Ensembl" class="mw-redirect" title="Ensembl">Ensembl</a></th><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1"><span class="plainlinks"></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ensembl.org/Homo_sapiens/geneview?gene=ENSG00000125538;db=core">ENSG00000125538</a></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1"><span class="plainlinks"></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ensembl.org/Mus_musculus/geneview?gene=ENSMUSG00000027398;db=core">ENSMUSG00000027398</a></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit"><a href="/wiki/UniProt" title="UniProt">UniProt</a></th><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1"><span class="plainlinks"></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P01584">P01584</a></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1"><span class="plainlinks"></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P10749">P10749</a></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit">RefSeq (mRNA)</th><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1" class="plainlinks"></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NM_000576">NM_000576</a></span></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1" class="plainlinks"></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NM_008361">NM_008361</a></span></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit">RefSeq (protein)</th><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1" class="plainlinks"></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NP_000567">NP_000567</a></span></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1" class="plainlinks"></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NP_032387">NP_032387</a></span></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit">Location (UCSC)</th><td><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://genome.ucsc.edu/cgi-bin/hgTracks?org=Human&db=hg38&position=chr2:112829751-112836816">Chr 2: 112.83 – 112.84 Mb</a></span></td><td><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://genome.ucsc.edu/cgi-bin/hgTracks?org=Mouse&db=mm0&position=chr2:129206490-129213059">Chr 2: 129.21 – 129.21 Mb</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit"><a href="/wiki/PubMed" title="PubMed">PubMed</a> search</th><td><span class="plainlinks"><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td><td><span class="plainlinks"><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><table style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:center"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit;text-align:center"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14916410" class="extiw" title="d:Q14916410">View/Edit Human</a></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit;text-align:center"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14916411" class="extiw" title="d:Q14916411">View/Edit Mouse</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Interleukin-1 beta</b> (<b>IL-1β</b>) also known as <b>leukocytic pyrogen</b>, <b>leukocytic endogenous mediator</b>, <b>mononuclear cell factor</b>, <b>lymphocyte activating factor</b> and other names, is a <a href="/wiki/Cytokine" title="Cytokine">cytokine</a> <a href="/wiki/Protein" title="Protein">protein</a> that in humans is encoded by the <i>IL1B</i> <a href="/wiki/Gene" title="Gene">gene</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid6083565_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid6083565-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid2989698_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid2989698-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid3490654_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid3490654-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid2954882_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid2954882-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are two genes for <a href="/wiki/Interleukin-1" class="mw-redirect" title="Interleukin-1">interleukin-1</a> (IL-1): <a href="/wiki/IL-1_alpha" class="mw-redirect" title="IL-1 alpha">IL-1 alpha</a> and IL-1 beta (this gene). IL-1β precursor is cleaved by cytosolic <a href="/wiki/Caspase_1" title="Caspase 1">caspase 1</a> (interleukin 1 beta convertase) to form mature IL-1β. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Function">Function</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interleukin_1_beta&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Function"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The fever-producing property of human leukocytic <a href="/wiki/Pyrogen_(fever)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pyrogen (fever)">pyrogen</a> (interleukin 1) was purified by Dinarello in 1977 with a specific activity of 10–20 nanograms/kg.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid22079_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid22079-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1979, Dinarello reported that purified human leukocytic pyrogen was the same molecule that was described by Igal Gery in 1972.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid4549027_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid4549027-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He named it lymphocyte-activating factor (LAF) because it was a lymphocyte <a href="/wiki/Mitogen" title="Mitogen">mitogen</a>. It was not until 1984 that interleukin 1 was discovered to consist of two distinct proteins, now called <a href="/wiki/Interleukin-1_alpha" class="mw-redirect" title="Interleukin-1 alpha">interleukin-1 alpha</a> and interleukin-1 beta.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid2989698_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid2989698-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>IL-1β is a member of the <a href="/wiki/Interleukin_1_family" class="mw-redirect" title="Interleukin 1 family">interleukin 1 family</a> of <a href="/wiki/Cytokine" title="Cytokine">cytokines</a>. This cytokine is produced by activated <a href="/wiki/Macrophage" title="Macrophage">macrophages</a>, <a href="/wiki/Monocyte" title="Monocyte">monocytes</a>, and a subset of <a href="/wiki/Dendritic_cell" title="Dendritic cell">dendritic cells</a> known as slanDC,<sup id="cite_ref-Yaseen_2023_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yaseen_2023-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as a proprotein, which is proteolytically processed to its active form by <a href="/wiki/Caspase_1" title="Caspase 1">caspase 1</a> (CASP1/ICE). This cytokine is an important mediator of the <a href="/wiki/Inflammatory_response" class="mw-redirect" title="Inflammatory response">inflammatory response</a>, and is involved in a variety of cellular activities, including cell proliferation, differentiation, and <a href="/wiki/Apoptosis" title="Apoptosis">apoptosis</a>. The induction of <a href="/wiki/PTGS2" class="mw-redirect" title="PTGS2">cyclooxygenase-2</a> (PTGS2/COX2) by this cytokine in the <a href="/wiki/Central_nervous_system" title="Central nervous system">central nervous system</a> (CNS) is found to contribute to inflammatory <a href="/wiki/Pain" title="Pain">pain</a> hypersensitivity. This gene and eight other interleukin 1 family genes form a cytokine gene cluster on <a href="/wiki/Chromosome_2" title="Chromosome 2">chromosome 2</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>IL-1β, in combination with <a href="/wiki/Interleukin_23" title="Interleukin 23">IL-23</a>, induced expression of <a href="/wiki/Interleukin_17" title="Interleukin 17">IL-17</a>, <a href="/wiki/Interleukin_21" title="Interleukin 21">IL-21</a> and <a href="/wiki/Interleukin_22" title="Interleukin 22">IL-22</a> by <a href="/wiki/%CE%93%CE%B4_T_cell" class="mw-redirect" title="Γδ T cell">γδ T cells</a>. This induction of expression is in the absence of additional signals. That suggests IL-1β is involved in modulation of autoimmune inflammation <sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Different <a href="/wiki/Inflammasome" title="Inflammasome">inflammasome</a> complex — cytosolic molecular complex — have been described. Inflammasomes recognize danger signals and activate proinflammatory process and production of IL-1β and IL-18. <a href="/wiki/NLRP3" title="NLRP3">NLRP3</a> (contains three domain: <a href="/wiki/Pyrin_domain" title="Pyrin domain">pyrin domain</a>, a nucleotide-binding domain and a <a href="/wiki/Leucine-rich_repeat" title="Leucine-rich repeat">leucine-rich repeat</a>) type of inflammasome is activated by various stimuli and there are documented several diseases connected to NLRP3 activation like <a href="/wiki/Diabetes_mellitus,_type_2" class="mw-redirect" title="Diabetes mellitus, type 2">type 2 diabetes mellitus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alzheimer%27s_disease" title="Alzheimer's disease">Alzheimer's disease</a>, <a href="/wiki/Obesity" title="Obesity">obesity</a> and <a href="/wiki/Atherosclerosis" title="Atherosclerosis">atherosclerosis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Properties">Properties</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interleukin_1_beta&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Properties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Before cleavage by caspase 1, pro-IL-1β has a molecular weight of 37 <a href="/wiki/Dalton_(unit)" title="Dalton (unit)">kDa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Yaseen_2023_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yaseen_2023-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The molecular weight of the proteolytically processed IL-1β is 17.5 kDa. IL-1β has the following amino acid sequence: </p> <ul><li><span style="font-family: 'Courier New';">APVRSLNCTL RDSQQKSLVM SGPYELKALH LQGQDMEQQV VFSMSFVQGE ESNDKIPVAL GLKEKNLYLS CVLKDDKPTL QLESVDPKNY PKKKMEKRFV FNKIEINNKL EFESAQFPNW YISTSQAENM PVFLGGTKGG QDITDFTMQF VSS</span></li></ul> <p>The physiological activity determined from the dose dependent proliferation of murine D10S cells is 2.5 x 10<sup>8</sup> to 7.1 x 10<sup>8</sup> units/mg. </p><p>IL-1β is present in other species of animals, however non-mammalian sequences of IL-1β lack a conserved cascase-1 cleavage site.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Clinical_significance">Clinical significance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interleukin_1_beta&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Clinical significance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Increased production of IL-1β causes a number of different <a href="/wiki/Autoinflammatory_syndromes" class="mw-redirect" title="Autoinflammatory syndromes">autoinflammatory syndromes</a>, most notably the monogenic conditions referred to as <a href="/wiki/Cryopyrin-associated_periodic_syndrome" title="Cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome">Cryopyrin-Associated Periodic Syndromes (CAPS)</a>, due to mutations in the inflammasome receptor NLRP3 which triggers processing of IL-1β.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid19302049_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid19302049-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Intestinal <a href="/wiki/Dysbiosis" title="Dysbiosis">dysbiosis</a> has been observed to induce <a href="/wiki/Osteomyelitis" title="Osteomyelitis">osteomyelitis</a> through a IL-1β dependent manner.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The presence of IL-1β has been also found in patients with <a href="/wiki/Multiple_sclerosis" title="Multiple sclerosis">multiple sclerosis</a> (a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system). However, it is not known exactly which cells produce IL-1β. Treatment of multiple sclerosis with <a href="/wiki/Glatiramer_acetate" title="Glatiramer acetate">glatiramer acetate</a> or <a href="/wiki/Natalizumab" title="Natalizumab">natalizumab</a> has also been shown to reduce the presence of IL-1β or its receptor.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Role_in_carcinogenesis">Role in carcinogenesis</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interleukin_1_beta&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Role in carcinogenesis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Several types of inflammasomes are suggested to play role in tumorgenesis due to their immunomodulatory properties, modulation of gut microbiota, differentiation and apoptosis. Over-expression of IL-1β caused by inflammasome may result in carcinogenesis. Some data suggest that <a href="/wiki/NLRP3_inflammasome" class="mw-redirect" title="NLRP3 inflammasome">NLRP3 inflammasome</a> polymorphisms is connected to malignancies such as colon cancer and melanoma. It was reported that IL-1β secretion was elevated in the lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549. It has also been shown in another study that IL-1β, together with IL-8, plays an important role in chemoresistance of malignant pleural mesothelioma by inducing expression of transmembrane transporters.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid31107974_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid31107974-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another study showed that inhibition of inflammasome and IL-1β expression decreased development of cancer cells in melanoma.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Furthermore, it has been found that in breast cancer cells, IL-1β activates p38 and p42/22 MAPK pathways which ultimately lead to the secretion of the <a href="/wiki/RANK" title="RANK">RANK</a>/<a href="/wiki/RANKL" title="RANKL">RANKL</a> inhibitor <a href="/wiki/Osteoprotegerin" title="Osteoprotegerin">osteoprotegerin</a>. Higher osteoprotegerin and IL-1β levels are a characteristic of breast cancer cells with a higher metastatic potential.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_HIV-1_infections">In HIV-1 infections</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interleukin_1_beta&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: In HIV-1 infections"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/HIV" title="HIV">human immunodeficiency virus</a> (HIV) infects cells of the immune system, such as macrophages, dendritic cells, and CD4<sup>+</sup> T helper cells (<a href="/wiki/T_helper_cell" title="T helper cell">T<sub>H</sub></a>). The latter can be infected by the virus in various ways with different fates depending on the state of activation of the T helper cell.<sup id="cite_ref-Yaseen_2023_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yaseen_2023-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Firstly, T<sub>H</sub> cells can die of viral lysis due to an active infection that produces enough virions to <a href="/wiki/Lytic_cycle" title="Lytic cycle">kill the cell</a>. Secondly, CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells can be infected by the virus but instead of producing more viral particles, the cell enters a latent phase. In this period, the T helper cells looks identical from the outside but any stressor could lead to the renewed production of HIV and its propagation to new immune cells. Lastly, the T<sub>H</sub> cell can become abortively infected, where the virus gets detected inside the cell and a programmed cell-death, known as <a href="/wiki/Pyroptosis" title="Pyroptosis">pyroptosis</a>, kills the infected cell. Pyroptosis is mediated via caspase-1 and is characterized by cell lysis and the secretion of IL-1β causing inflammation and attraction of more immune cells. This can create a cycle of CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells getting abortively infect with HIV, dying of pyroptosis, new T helper cells arriving to the site of inflammation where they get infected again. The results is the depletion of T helper cells. Even though, levels of IL-1β in blood are not majorly different between HIV positive and negative individuals, studies have shown elevated levels of IL-1β of <a href="/wiki/Lymphatic_system" title="Lymphatic system">lymphatic tissue</a> in HIV-infected individuals.<sup id="cite_ref-Yaseen_2023_13-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yaseen_2023-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In fact, the gut-associated lymphoid tissue (<a href="/wiki/Gut-associated_lymphoid_tissue" title="Gut-associated lymphoid tissue">GALT</a>) has a high density of immune cells as the gut is an interface between symbiotic gut microbes that should remain with the host and pathogenic bacteria that should not gain access into the circulatory system. If HIV-infection leads to the secretion of IL-1βin monocytes and macrophages, it causes inflammation of this area. The mucosal epithelial layer responds to this by producing less or altering the tight junction proteins which makes it easier for pathogenic microbes to move into the <a href="/wiki/Lamina_propria" title="Lamina propria">lamina propria</a>. Here, the pathogens can further activate local immune cells and amplify the inflammatory response.<sup id="cite_ref-Yaseen_2023_13-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yaseen_2023-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Retinal_degeneration">Retinal degeneration</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interleukin_1_beta&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Retinal degeneration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>It has been shown that IL-1 family plays important role in inflammation in many degenerative diseases, such as <a href="/wiki/Macular_degeneration" title="Macular degeneration">age-related macular degeneration</a>, <a href="/wiki/Diabetic_retinopathy" title="Diabetic retinopathy">diabetic retinopathy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Retinitis_pigmentosa" title="Retinitis pigmentosa">retinitis pigmentosa</a>. Significantly increased protein level of IL-1β has been found in the vitreous of diabetic retinopathy patient. The role of IL-1β has been investigated for potential therapeutic target for treatment of diabetic retinopathy. However, systemic using of <a href="/wiki/Canakinumab" title="Canakinumab">canakinumab</a> did not have a significant effect. The role of IL-1β in age-related macular degeneration has not been proven in patient, but in many animal models and in vitro studies it has been demonstrated the role of IL-1β in retinal pigmented epithelial cells and photoreceptor cells damage. NLRP3 inflammasome activate <a href="/wiki/Caspase_1" title="Caspase 1">caspase-1</a> which catalyze cleavage of inactive cytosolic precursor pro-IL-1β to its mature form IL-1β. Retinal pigmented epithelial cells forms <a href="/wiki/Blood%E2%80%93retinal_barrier" title="Blood–retinal barrier">blood retinal barrier</a> in human retina which is important for retinal metabolic activity, integrity and inhibition of immune cells infiltration. It has been shown that human retinal pigmented epithelial cells can secrete IL-1 β in exposure to <a href="/wiki/Oxidative_stress" title="Oxidative stress">oxidative stress</a>. The inflammatory reaction leads to damage of retinal cells and infiltration of cells of the immune system. The inflammatory process including NLRP3 upregulation is one of the causes of age-related macular degeneration and other retinal diseases that lead to vision loss.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additionally, it has been shown that caspase-1 is upregulated in the retina of diabetic patients, causing a higher production of IL-1β and subsequent death of retinal neurons.<sup id="cite_ref-Mendiola_2018_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mendiola_2018-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Neuroinflammation">Neuroinflammation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interleukin_1_beta&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Neuroinflammation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Studies in mice on <a href="/wiki/Experimental_autoimmune_encephalomyelitis" title="Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis">experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis</a> (EAE), a model for <a href="/wiki/Multiple_sclerosis" title="Multiple sclerosis">multiple sclerosis</a> (MS) research, have found that blocking IL-1β could make the animals resistant to EAE. IL-1β led to the production of an antigen-specific pro-inflammatory subset of T helper cells (<a href="/wiki/T_helper_17_cell" title="T helper 17 cell">T<sub>H17</sub></a>). In combination with other cytokines, interleukin-1β can upregulate the production of the cytokine <a href="/wiki/Granulocyte-macrophage_colony-stimulating_factor" title="Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor">GM-CSF</a> which is correlated to neuroinflammation. Detailed mechanisms on this front are yet to be elucidated.<sup id="cite_ref-Mendiola_2018_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mendiola_2018-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>IL-1β has also been observed in elevated levels of the <a href="/wiki/Cerebrospinal_fluid" title="Cerebrospinal fluid">cerebrospinal fluid</a> and brain tissues of <a href="/wiki/Alzheimer%27s_disease" title="Alzheimer's disease">Alzheimer</a> patients. The <a href="/wiki/Amyloid_plaques" title="Amyloid plaques">amyloid-β plaques</a>, that are characteristic of Alzheimer disease, are <a href="/wiki/Damage-associated_molecular_pattern" title="Damage-associated molecular pattern">damage-associated molecular patterns</a> (DAMPs) that are recognized by <a href="/wiki/Pattern_recognition_receptor" title="Pattern recognition receptor">pattern recognition receptors</a> (PRRs) and lead to the activation of <a href="/wiki/Microglia" title="Microglia">microglia</a>. Consequently, microglia release interleukin-1β among other cytokines. Nevertheless, the significance of IL-1β in Alzheimer disease and the onset of neuroinflammation still remains largely unknown.<sup id="cite_ref-Mendiola_2018_29-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mendiola_2018-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Lastly, <i>in vitro</i> studies have shown that IL-1β causes an increase in mitochondrial glutaminase activity. In response, there is excessive glutamate secretion which has a neurotoxic effect.<sup id="cite_ref-Mendiola_2018_29-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mendiola_2018-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="As_a_therapeutic_target">As a therapeutic target</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interleukin_1_beta&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: As a therapeutic target"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Anakinra" title="Anakinra">Anakinra</a> is a recombinant and slightly modified version of the human interleukin 1 receptor antagonist protein. Anakinra blocks the biologic activity of IL-1 alpha and beta by competitively inhibiting IL-1 binding to the interleukin type 1 receptor (IL-1RI), which is expressed in a wide variety of tissues and organs. Anakinra is marketed as Kineret and is approved in the US for treatment of <a href="/w/index.php?title=RA,_NOMID,_DIRA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RA, NOMID, DIRA (page does not exist)">RA, NOMID, DIRA</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Canakinumab" title="Canakinumab">Canakinumab</a> is a human monoclonal antibody targeted at IL-1B, and approved in many countries for treatment of <a href="/wiki/Cryopyrin-associated_periodic_syndrome" title="Cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome">cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Rilonacept" title="Rilonacept">Rilonacept</a> is an IL-1 trap developed by <a href="/wiki/Regeneron" class="mw-redirect" title="Regeneron">Regeneron</a> targeting IL-1B, and approved in the US as Arcalyst.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Orthographic_note">Orthographic note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interleukin_1_beta&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Orthographic note"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Because many authors of scientific manuscripts make the minor error of using a <a href="/wiki/Homoglyph" title="Homoglyph">homoglyph</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%9F" title="ß">sharp s</a> (ß), instead of <a href="/wiki/Beta" title="Beta">beta</a> (β), mentions of "IL-1ß" [sic] often become "IL-1ss" [sic] upon automated <a href="/wiki/Transcoding" title="Transcoding">transcoding</a> (because ß transcodes to ss). This is why so many mentions of the latter appear in web search results. </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interleukin_1_beta&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-refGRCh38Ensembl-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-refGRCh38Ensembl_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-refGRCh38Ensembl_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-refGRCh38Ensembl_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://May2017.archive.ensembl.org/Homo_sapiens/Gene/Summary?db=core;g=ENSG00000125538">GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000125538</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ensembl_genome_database_project" title="Ensembl genome database project">Ensembl</a>, May 2017</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-refGRCm38Ensembl-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-refGRCm38Ensembl_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-refGRCm38Ensembl_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-refGRCm38Ensembl_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://May2017.archive.ensembl.org/Mus_musculus/Gene/Summary?db=core;g=ENSMUSG00000027398">GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000027398</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ensembl_genome_database_project" title="Ensembl genome database project">Ensembl</a>, May 2017</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=gene&cmd=Link&LinkName=gene_pubmed&from_uid=3553">"Human PubMed Reference:"</a>. <i>National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Center+for+Biotechnology+Information%2C+U.S.+National+Library+of+Medicine&rft.atitle=Human+PubMed+Reference%3A&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fsites%2Fentrez%3Fdb%3Dgene%26cmd%3DLink%26LinkName%3Dgene_pubmed%26from_uid%3D3553&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInterleukin+1+beta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=gene&cmd=Link&LinkName=gene_pubmed&from_uid=16176">"Mouse PubMed Reference:"</a>. <i>National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Center+for+Biotechnology+Information%2C+U.S.+National+Library+of+Medicine&rft.atitle=Mouse+PubMed+Reference%3A&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fsites%2Fentrez%3Fdb%3Dgene%26cmd%3DLink%26LinkName%3Dgene_pubmed%26from_uid%3D16176&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInterleukin+1+beta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid6083565-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pmid6083565_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAuronWebbRosenwasserMucci1984" class="citation journal cs1">Auron PE, Webb AC, Rosenwasser LJ, Mucci SF, Rich A, Wolff SM, Dinarello CA (December 1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC392262">"Nucleotide sequence of human monocyte interleukin 1 precursor cDNA"</a>. <i>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</i>. <b>81</b> (24): <span class="nowrap">7907–</span>7911. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1984PNAS...81.7907A">1984PNAS...81.7907A</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.81.24.7907">10.1073/pnas.81.24.7907</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC392262">392262</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6083565">6083565</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences+of+the+United+States+of+America&rft.atitle=Nucleotide+sequence+of+human+monocyte+interleukin+1+precursor+cDNA&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=24&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E7907-%3C%2Fspan%3E7911&rft.date=1984-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC392262%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F6083565&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1073%2Fpnas.81.24.7907&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1984PNAS...81.7907A&rft.aulast=Auron&rft.aufirst=PE&rft.au=Webb%2C+AC&rft.au=Rosenwasser%2C+LJ&rft.au=Mucci%2C+SF&rft.au=Rich%2C+A&rft.au=Wolff%2C+SM&rft.au=Dinarello%2C+CA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC392262&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInterleukin+1+beta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid2989698-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pmid2989698_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pmid2989698_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">"Catabolin" is the name given by Jeremy Saklatvala for IL-1 alpha. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarchMosleyLarsenCerretti1985" class="citation journal cs1">March CJ, Mosley B, Larsen A, Cerretti DP, Braedt G, Price V, et al. 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U.S. Food and Drug Administration<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Regeneron+Pharmaceuticals%2C+Inc.&rft.atitle=ARCALYSTTM+%28rilonacept%29+Product+Label&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.accessdata.fda.gov%2Fdrugsatfda_docs%2Flabel%2F2008%2F125249lbl.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInterleukin+1+beta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interleukin_1_beta&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmirnovaKiselevGnuchevBirchall2003" class="citation journal cs1">Smirnova MG, Kiselev SL, Gnuchev NV, Birchall JP, Pearson JP (2003). "Role of the pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1 beta, interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 in the pathogenesis of the otitis media with effusion". <i>European Cytokine Network</i>. <b>13</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">161–</span>172. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12101072">12101072</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=European+Cytokine+Network&rft.atitle=Role+of+the+pro-inflammatory+cytokines+tumor+necrosis+factor-alpha%2C+interleukin-1+beta%2C+interleukin-6+and+interleukin-8+in+the+pathogenesis+of+the+otitis+media+with+effusion&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E161-%3C%2Fspan%3E172&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F12101072&rft.aulast=Smirnova&rft.aufirst=MG&rft.au=Kiselev%2C+SL&rft.au=Gnuchev%2C+NV&rft.au=Birchall%2C+JP&rft.au=Pearson%2C+JP&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInterleukin+1+beta" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGriffinMrak2002" class="citation journal cs1">Griffin WS, Mrak RE (August 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3835694">"Interleukin-1 in the genesis and progression of and risk for development of neuronal degeneration in Alzheimer's disease"</a>. <i>Journal of Leukocyte Biology</i>. <b>72</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">233–</span>238. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1189%2Fjlb.72.2.233">10.1189/jlb.72.2.233</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3835694">3835694</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12149413">12149413</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Leukocyte+Biology&rft.atitle=Interleukin-1+in+the+genesis+and+progression+of+and+risk+for+development+of+neuronal+degeneration+in+Alzheimer%27s+disease&rft.volume=72&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E233-%3C%2Fspan%3E238&rft.date=2002-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3835694%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F12149413&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1189%2Fjlb.72.2.233&rft.aulast=Griffin&rft.aufirst=WS&rft.au=Mrak%2C+RE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3835694&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInterleukin+1+beta" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArend2003" class="citation journal cs1">Arend WP (2003). 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title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cancer+Epidemiology%2C+Biomarkers+%26+Prevention&rft.atitle=Interleukin-1B+polymorphisms+and+gastric+cancer+risk--a+meta-analysis&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=10&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1920-%3C%2Fspan%3E1928&rft.date=2006-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A8542733%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17035400&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1158%2F1055-9965.EPI-06-0267&rft.aulast=Kamangar&rft.aufirst=F&rft.au=Cheng%2C+C&rft.au=Abnet%2C+CC&rft.au=Rabkin%2C+CS&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInterleukin+1+beta" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interleukin_1_beta&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span 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STRUCTURE OF AN INTERLEUKIN-1 BETA MUTANT WITH REDUCED BIOACTIVITY SHOWS MULTIPLE SUBTLE CHANGES IN CONFORMATION THAT AFFECT PROTEIN-PROTEIN RECOGNITION"><img alt="1hib: THE STRUCTURE OF AN INTERLEUKIN-1 BETA MUTANT WITH REDUCED BIOACTIVITY SHOWS MULTIPLE SUBTLE CHANGES IN CONFORMATION THAT AFFECT PROTEIN-PROTEIN RECOGNITION" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/PDB_1hib_EBI.jpg/180px-PDB_1hib_EBI.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/PDB_1hib_EBI.jpg/270px-PDB_1hib_EBI.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/PDB_1hib_EBI.jpg/360px-PDB_1hib_EBI.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><b>1hib</b>: THE STRUCTURE OF AN INTERLEUKIN-1 BETA MUTANT WITH REDUCED BIOACTIVITY SHOWS MULTIPLE SUBTLE CHANGES IN CONFORMATION THAT AFFECT PROTEIN-PROTEIN RECOGNITION</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PDB_1i1b_EBI.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1i1b: CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF RECOMBINANT HUMAN INTERLEUKIN-1BETA AT 2.0 ANGSTROMS RESOLUTION"><img alt="1i1b: CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF RECOMBINANT HUMAN INTERLEUKIN-1BETA AT 2.0 ANGSTROMS RESOLUTION" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/PDB_1i1b_EBI.jpg/180px-PDB_1i1b_EBI.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/PDB_1i1b_EBI.jpg/270px-PDB_1i1b_EBI.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/PDB_1i1b_EBI.jpg/360px-PDB_1i1b_EBI.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><b>1i1b</b>: CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF RECOMBINANT HUMAN INTERLEUKIN-1BETA AT 2.0 ANGSTROMS RESOLUTION</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PDB_1iob_EBI.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1iob: INTERLEUKIN-1 BETA FROM JOINT X-RAY AND NMR REFINEMENT"><img alt="1iob: INTERLEUKIN-1 BETA FROM JOINT X-RAY AND NMR REFINEMENT" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/PDB_1iob_EBI.jpg/180px-PDB_1iob_EBI.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/PDB_1iob_EBI.jpg/270px-PDB_1iob_EBI.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/PDB_1iob_EBI.jpg/360px-PDB_1iob_EBI.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><b>1iob</b>: INTERLEUKIN-1 BETA FROM JOINT X-RAY AND NMR REFINEMENT</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PDB_1itb_EBI.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1itb: TYPE-1 INTERLEUKIN-1 RECEPTOR COMPLEXED WITH INTERLEUKIN-1 BETA"><img alt="1itb: TYPE-1 INTERLEUKIN-1 RECEPTOR COMPLEXED WITH INTERLEUKIN-1 BETA" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/PDB_1itb_EBI.jpg/180px-PDB_1itb_EBI.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/PDB_1itb_EBI.jpg/270px-PDB_1itb_EBI.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/PDB_1itb_EBI.jpg/360px-PDB_1itb_EBI.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><b>1itb</b>: TYPE-1 INTERLEUKIN-1 RECEPTOR COMPLEXED WITH INTERLEUKIN-1 BETA</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PDB_1l2h_EBI.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1l2h: Crystal structure of Interleukin 1-beta F42W/W120F mutant"><img alt="1l2h: Crystal structure of Interleukin 1-beta F42W/W120F mutant" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/PDB_1l2h_EBI.jpg/180px-PDB_1l2h_EBI.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/PDB_1l2h_EBI.jpg/270px-PDB_1l2h_EBI.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/PDB_1l2h_EBI.jpg/360px-PDB_1l2h_EBI.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><b>1l2h</b>: Crystal structure of Interleukin 1-beta F42W/W120F mutant</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PDB_1s0l_EBI.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1s0l: Interleukin 1 beta mutant F42W"><img alt="1s0l: Interleukin 1 beta mutant F42W" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/PDB_1s0l_EBI.jpg/180px-PDB_1s0l_EBI.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/PDB_1s0l_EBI.jpg/270px-PDB_1s0l_EBI.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/PDB_1s0l_EBI.jpg/360px-PDB_1s0l_EBI.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><b>1s0l</b>: Interleukin 1 beta mutant F42W</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PDB_1t4q_EBI.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1t4q: Interleukin 1 beta F101W"><img alt="1t4q: Interleukin 1 beta F101W" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/PDB_1t4q_EBI.jpg/180px-PDB_1t4q_EBI.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/PDB_1t4q_EBI.jpg/270px-PDB_1t4q_EBI.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/PDB_1t4q_EBI.jpg/360px-PDB_1t4q_EBI.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><b>1t4q</b>: Interleukin 1 beta F101W</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PDB_1too_EBI.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1too: Interleukin 1B Mutant F146W"><img alt="1too: Interleukin 1B Mutant F146W" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/PDB_1too_EBI.jpg/180px-PDB_1too_EBI.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/PDB_1too_EBI.jpg/270px-PDB_1too_EBI.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/PDB_1too_EBI.jpg/360px-PDB_1too_EBI.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><b>1too</b>: Interleukin 1B Mutant F146W</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PDB_1tp0_EBI.png" class="mw-file-description" title="1tp0: Triple mutation in interleukin 1 beta cavity:replacement of phenylalanines with tryptophan."><img alt="1tp0: Triple mutation in interleukin 1 beta cavity:replacement of phenylalanines with tryptophan." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/PDB_1tp0_EBI.png/180px-PDB_1tp0_EBI.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/PDB_1tp0_EBI.png/270px-PDB_1tp0_EBI.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/PDB_1tp0_EBI.png/360px-PDB_1tp0_EBI.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><b>1tp0</b>: Triple mutation in interleukin 1 beta cavity:replacement of phenylalanines with tryptophan.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PDB_1twe_EBI.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1twe: INTERLEUKIN 1 BETA MUTANT F101Y"><img alt="1twe: INTERLEUKIN 1 BETA MUTANT F101Y" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/PDB_1twe_EBI.jpg/180px-PDB_1twe_EBI.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/PDB_1twe_EBI.jpg/270px-PDB_1twe_EBI.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/PDB_1twe_EBI.jpg/360px-PDB_1twe_EBI.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><b>1twe</b>: INTERLEUKIN 1 BETA MUTANT F101Y</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PDB_1twm_EBI.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1twm: Interleukin-1 Beta Mutant F146Y"><img alt="1twm: Interleukin-1 Beta Mutant F146Y" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/PDB_1twm_EBI.jpg/180px-PDB_1twm_EBI.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/PDB_1twm_EBI.jpg/270px-PDB_1twm_EBI.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/PDB_1twm_EBI.jpg/360px-PDB_1twm_EBI.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><b>1twm</b>: Interleukin-1 Beta Mutant F146Y</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PDB_21bi_EBI.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="21bi: INTERLEUKIN-1 BETA (IL-1 BETA) (MUTANT WITH CYS 71 REPLACED BY ALA) (C71A)"><img alt="21bi: INTERLEUKIN-1 BETA (IL-1 BETA) (MUTANT WITH CYS 71 REPLACED BY ALA) (C71A)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/PDB_21bi_EBI.jpg/180px-PDB_21bi_EBI.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/PDB_21bi_EBI.jpg/270px-PDB_21bi_EBI.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/PDB_21bi_EBI.jpg/360px-PDB_21bi_EBI.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><b>21bi</b>: INTERLEUKIN-1 BETA (IL-1 BETA) (MUTANT WITH CYS 71 REPLACED BY ALA) (C71A)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PDB_2i1b_EBI.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="2i1b: CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC REFINEMENT OF INTERLEUKIN-1 BETA AT 2.0 ANGSTROMS RESOLUTION"><img alt="2i1b: CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC REFINEMENT OF INTERLEUKIN-1 BETA AT 2.0 ANGSTROMS RESOLUTION" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/PDB_2i1b_EBI.jpg/180px-PDB_2i1b_EBI.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/PDB_2i1b_EBI.jpg/270px-PDB_2i1b_EBI.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/PDB_2i1b_EBI.jpg/360px-PDB_2i1b_EBI.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><b>2i1b</b>: CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC REFINEMENT OF INTERLEUKIN-1 BETA AT 2.0 ANGSTROMS RESOLUTION</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PDB_2nvh_EBI.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="2nvh: Determination of Solvent Content in Cavities in Interleukin-1 Using Experimentally-Phased Electron Density"><img alt="2nvh: Determination of Solvent Content in Cavities in Interleukin-1 Using Experimentally-Phased Electron Density" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/PDB_2nvh_EBI.jpg/180px-PDB_2nvh_EBI.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/PDB_2nvh_EBI.jpg/270px-PDB_2nvh_EBI.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/PDB_2nvh_EBI.jpg/360px-PDB_2nvh_EBI.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><b>2nvh</b>: Determination of Solvent Content in Cavities in Interleukin-1 Using Experimentally-Phased Electron Density</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PDB_31bi_EBI.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="31bi: INTERLEUKIN-1 BETA (IL-1 BETA) (MUTANT WITH CYS 71 REPLACED BY SER) (C71S)"><img alt="31bi: INTERLEUKIN-1 BETA (IL-1 BETA) (MUTANT WITH CYS 71 REPLACED BY SER) (C71S)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/PDB_31bi_EBI.jpg/180px-PDB_31bi_EBI.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/PDB_31bi_EBI.jpg/270px-PDB_31bi_EBI.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/PDB_31bi_EBI.jpg/360px-PDB_31bi_EBI.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><b>31bi</b>: INTERLEUKIN-1 BETA (IL-1 BETA) (MUTANT WITH CYS 71 REPLACED BY SER) (C71S)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PDB_41bi_EBI.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="41bi: INTERLEUKIN-1 BETA (IL-1 BETA) (MUTANT WITH CYS 8 REPLACED BY ALA (C8A)"><img alt="41bi: INTERLEUKIN-1 BETA (IL-1 BETA) (MUTANT WITH CYS 8 REPLACED BY ALA (C8A)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/PDB_41bi_EBI.jpg/180px-PDB_41bi_EBI.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/PDB_41bi_EBI.jpg/270px-PDB_41bi_EBI.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/PDB_41bi_EBI.jpg/360px-PDB_41bi_EBI.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><b>41bi</b>: INTERLEUKIN-1 BETA (IL-1 BETA) (MUTANT WITH CYS 8 REPLACED BY ALA (C8A)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PDB_4i1b_EBI.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="4i1b: FUNCTIONAL IMPLICATIONS OF INTERLEUKIN-1BETA BASED ON THE THREE-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE"><img alt="4i1b: FUNCTIONAL IMPLICATIONS OF INTERLEUKIN-1BETA BASED ON THE THREE-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/PDB_4i1b_EBI.jpg/180px-PDB_4i1b_EBI.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/PDB_4i1b_EBI.jpg/270px-PDB_4i1b_EBI.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/PDB_4i1b_EBI.jpg/360px-PDB_4i1b_EBI.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><b>4i1b</b>: FUNCTIONAL IMPLICATIONS OF INTERLEUKIN-1BETA BASED ON THE THREE-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PDB_5i1b_EBI.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="5i1b: A COMPARISON OF THE HIGH RESOLUTION STRUCTURES OF HUMAN AND MURINE INTERLEUKIN-1B"><img alt="5i1b: A COMPARISON OF THE HIGH RESOLUTION STRUCTURES OF HUMAN AND MURINE INTERLEUKIN-1B" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/PDB_5i1b_EBI.jpg/180px-PDB_5i1b_EBI.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/PDB_5i1b_EBI.jpg/270px-PDB_5i1b_EBI.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/PDB_5i1b_EBI.jpg/360px-PDB_5i1b_EBI.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><b>5i1b</b>: A COMPARISON OF THE HIGH RESOLUTION STRUCTURES OF HUMAN AND MURINE INTERLEUKIN-1B</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PDB_6i1b_EBI.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="6i1b: HIGH-RESOLUTION THREE-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE OF INTERLEUKIN-1 BETA IN SOLUTION BY THREE-AND FOUR-DIMENSIONAL NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY"><img alt="6i1b: HIGH-RESOLUTION THREE-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE OF INTERLEUKIN-1 BETA IN SOLUTION BY THREE-AND FOUR-DIMENSIONAL NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/PDB_6i1b_EBI.jpg/180px-PDB_6i1b_EBI.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/PDB_6i1b_EBI.jpg/270px-PDB_6i1b_EBI.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/PDB_6i1b_EBI.jpg/360px-PDB_6i1b_EBI.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><b>6i1b</b>: HIGH-RESOLUTION THREE-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE OF INTERLEUKIN-1 BETA IN SOLUTION BY THREE-AND FOUR-DIMENSIONAL NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PDB_7i1b_EBI.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="7i1b: HIGH-RESOLUTION THREE-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE OF INTERLEUKIN-1 BETA IN SOLUTION BY THREE-AND FOUR-DIMENSIONAL NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY"><img alt="7i1b: HIGH-RESOLUTION THREE-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE OF INTERLEUKIN-1 BETA IN SOLUTION BY THREE-AND FOUR-DIMENSIONAL NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/PDB_7i1b_EBI.jpg/180px-PDB_7i1b_EBI.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/PDB_7i1b_EBI.jpg/270px-PDB_7i1b_EBI.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/PDB_7i1b_EBI.jpg/360px-PDB_7i1b_EBI.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><b>7i1b</b>: HIGH-RESOLUTION THREE-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE OF INTERLEUKIN-1 BETA IN SOLUTION BY THREE-AND FOUR-DIMENSIONAL NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PDB_9ilb_EBI.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="9ilb: HUMAN INTERLEUKIN-1 BETA"><img alt="9ilb: HUMAN INTERLEUKIN-1 BETA" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/PDB_9ilb_EBI.jpg/180px-PDB_9ilb_EBI.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/PDB_9ilb_EBI.jpg/270px-PDB_9ilb_EBI.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/PDB_9ilb_EBI.jpg/360px-PDB_9ilb_EBI.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><b>9ilb</b>: HUMAN INTERLEUKIN-1 BETA</div> </li> </ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cell_signaling:_cytokines64" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cytokines" title="Template:Cytokines"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cytokines" title="Template talk:Cytokines"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cytokines" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cytokines"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cell_signaling:_cytokines64" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Cell_signaling" title="Cell signaling">Cell signaling</a>: <a href="/wiki/Cytokine" title="Cytokine">cytokines</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chemokine" title="Chemokine">Chemokine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">CCL</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CCL1" title="CCL1">CCL1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CCL2" title="CCL2">CCL2</a>/MCP1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/CCL3" title="CCL3">CCL3</a>/MIP1α</li> <li><a href="/wiki/CCL4" title="CCL4">CCL4</a>/MIP1β</li> <li><a href="/wiki/CCL5" title="CCL5">CCL5</a>/RANTES</li> <li><a href="/wiki/CCL6" title="CCL6">CCL6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CCL7" title="CCL7">CCL7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CCL8" title="CCL8">CCL8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CCL9" title="CCL9">CCL9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CCL11" title="CCL11">CCL11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CCL12" title="CCL12">CCL12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CCL13" title="CCL13">CCL13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CCL14" title="CCL14">CCL14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CCL15" title="CCL15">CCL15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CCL16" title="CCL16">CCL16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CCL17" title="CCL17">CCL17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CCL18" title="CCL18">CCL18</a>/PARC/DCCK1/AMAC1/MIP4</li> <li><a href="/wiki/CCL19" title="CCL19">CCL19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CCL20" title="CCL20">CCL20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CCL21" 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title="CXCL6">CXCL6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CXCL7" title="CXCL7">CXCL7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_8" title="Interleukin 8">CXCL8/IL8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CXCL9" title="CXCL9">CXCL9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CXCL10" title="CXCL10">CXCL10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CXCL11" title="CXCL11">CXCL11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SDF-1_(biology)" class="mw-redirect" title="SDF-1 (biology)">CXCL12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CXCL13" title="CXCL13">CXCL13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CXCL14" title="CXCL14">CXCL14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CXCL15" title="CXCL15">CXCL15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CXCL16" title="CXCL16">CXCL16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CXCL17" title="CXCL17">CXCL17</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">CX3CL</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CX3CL1" title="CX3CL1">CX3CL1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">XCL</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/XCL1" title="XCL1">XCL1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XCL2" title="XCL2">XCL2</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tumor_necrosis_factors" class="mw-redirect" title="Tumor necrosis factors">TNF</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tumor_necrosis_factor_alpha" class="mw-redirect" title="Tumor necrosis factor alpha">TNFA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lymphotoxin" title="Lymphotoxin">Lymphotoxin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lymphotoxin_alpha" title="Lymphotoxin alpha">TNFB/LTA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lymphotoxin_beta" title="Lymphotoxin beta">TNFC/LTB</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OX40L" class="mw-redirect" title="OX40L">TNFSF4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD154" title="CD154">TNFSF5/CD40LG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fas_ligand" title="Fas ligand">TNFSF6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD70" title="CD70">TNFSF7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD153" title="CD153">TNFSF8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4-1BB_ligand" class="mw-redirect" title="4-1BB ligand">TNFSF9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TRAIL" title="TRAIL">TNFSF10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RANKL" title="RANKL">TNFSF11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_proliferation-inducing_ligand" class="mw-redirect" title="A proliferation-inducing ligand">TNFSF13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B-cell_activating_factor" title="B-cell activating factor">TNFSF13B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EDA_(gene)" class="mw-redirect" title="EDA (gene)">EDA</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Interleukin" title="Interleukin">Interleukin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Type_I_cytokine_receptor" title="Type I cytokine receptor">Type I</a><br />(grouped by<br />receptor<br />subunit)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Common_gamma_chain" title="Common gamma chain">γ chain</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_2" title="Interleukin 2">IL2</a>/<a href="/wiki/Interleukin_15" title="Interleukin 15">IL15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_4" title="Interleukin 4">IL4</a>/<a href="/wiki/Interleukin_13" title="Interleukin 13">IL13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_7" title="Interleukin 7">IL7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_9" title="Interleukin 9">IL9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_21" title="Interleukin 21">IL21</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/CSF2RB" title="CSF2RB">β chain</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_3" title="Interleukin 3">IL3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_5" title="Interleukin 5">IL5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granulocyte_macrophage_colony-stimulating_factor" class="mw-redirect" title="Granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor">GMCSF</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">IL6 like/<a href="/wiki/Glycoprotein_130" title="Glycoprotein 130">gp130</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_6" title="Interleukin 6">IL6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_11" title="Interleukin 11">IL11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_27" title="Interleukin 27">IL27</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_30" title="Interleukin 30">IL30</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_31" title="Interleukin 31">IL31</a> <ul><li>+non IL <a href="/wiki/Oncostatin_M" title="Oncostatin M">OSM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leukemia_inhibitory_factor" title="Leukemia inhibitory factor">LIF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ciliary_neurotrophic_factor" title="Ciliary neurotrophic factor">CNTF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardiotrophin_1" title="Cardiotrophin 1">CTF1</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=IL12_family&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="IL12 family (page does not exist)">IL12 family</a>/<a href="/wiki/Interleukin_12_receptor,_beta_1_subunit" title="Interleukin 12 receptor, beta 1 subunit">IL12RB1</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_12" title="Interleukin 12">IL12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_23" title="Interleukin 23">IL23</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_27" title="Interleukin 27">IL27</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_35" title="Interleukin 35">IL35</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpha-taxilin" title="Alpha-taxilin">IL14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_16" title="Interleukin 16">IL16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_32" title="Interleukin 32">IL32</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_34" title="Interleukin 34">IL34</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Type_II_cytokine_receptor" title="Type II cytokine receptor">Type II</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/IL10_family" class="mw-redirect" title="IL10 family">IL10 family</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_10" title="Interleukin 10">IL10</a>/<a href="/wiki/Interleukin_22" title="Interleukin 22">IL22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_19" title="Interleukin 19">IL19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_20" title="Interleukin 20">IL20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_24" title="Interleukin 24">IL24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_26" title="Interleukin 26">IL26</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interferon_type_III" title="Interferon type III">Interferon type III</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_28" title="Interleukin 28">IL28/IFNL2+3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_29" title="Interleukin 29">IL29/IFNL1</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Interferon" title="Interferon">Interferon</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Interferon_type_I" title="Interferon type I">I</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Interferon_alpha_1" class="mw-redirect" title="Interferon alpha 1">IFNA1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IFNA2" title="IFNA2">IFNA2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IFNA4" title="IFNA4">IFNA4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IFNA5" title="IFNA5">IFNA5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IFNA6" title="IFNA6">IFNA6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IFNA7" title="IFNA7">IFNA7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IFNA8" title="IFNA8">IFNA8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IFNA10" title="IFNA10">IFNA10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IFNA13" title="IFNA13">IFNA13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IFNA14" title="IFNA14">IFNA14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IFNA16" title="IFNA16">IFNA16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IFNA17" title="IFNA17">IFNA17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IFNA21" title="IFNA21">IFNA21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IFNB1" title="IFNB1">IFNB1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IFNK" title="IFNK">IFNK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IFNW1" title="IFNW1">IFNW1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Interferon_type_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Interferon type II">II</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Interferon_gamma" title="Interferon gamma">IFNG</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Immunoglobulin_superfamily" title="Immunoglobulin superfamily">Ig superfamily</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_1_family" class="mw-redirect" title="Interleukin 1 family">IL1 family</a>: <a href="/wiki/IL1A" class="mw-redirect" title="IL1A">IL1A/IL1F1</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">IL1B/IL1F2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_1_receptor_antagonist" class="mw-redirect" title="Interleukin 1 receptor antagonist">1Ra/IL1F3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IL1F5" class="mw-redirect" title="IL1F5">IL1F5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IL36A" title="IL36A">IL1F6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IL1F7" class="mw-redirect" title="IL1F7">IL1F7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IL36B" title="IL36B">IL1F8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IL1F9" class="mw-redirect" title="IL1F9">IL1F9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IL1F10" title="IL1F10">IL1F10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_33" title="Interleukin 33">33/IL1F11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_18" title="Interleukin 18">18/IL1G</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/IL17_family" class="mw-redirect" title="IL17 family">IL17 family</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_17" title="Interleukin 17">IL17</a>/<a href="/wiki/Interleukin_25" title="Interleukin 25">IL25</a> (<a href="/wiki/IL17A" class="mw-redirect" title="IL17A">IL17A</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hematopoietic" class="mw-redirect" title="Hematopoietic">Hematopoietic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stem_cell_factor" title="Stem cell factor">KITLG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colony-stimulating_factor" title="Colony-stimulating factor">Colony-stimulating factor</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osteopontin" title="Osteopontin">SPP1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macrophage_migration_inhibitory_factor" title="Macrophage migration inhibitory factor">MIF</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By function/<br />cell</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Proinflammatory_cytokine" class="mw-redirect" title="Proinflammatory cytokine">proinflammatory cytokine</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_1" class="mw-redirect" title="Interleukin 1">IL1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tumor_necrosis_factor_alpha" class="mw-redirect" title="Tumor necrosis factor alpha">TNFA</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monokine" title="Monokine">Monokine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lymphokine" title="Lymphokine">Lymphokine</a> <ul><li><i>T<sub>h</sub>1</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Interferon_gamma" title="Interferon gamma">IFNγ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tumor_necrosis_factor_beta" class="mw-redirect" title="Tumor necrosis factor beta">TNFβ</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>T<sub>h</sub>2</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_4" title="Interleukin 4">IL4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_5" title="Interleukin 5">IL5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_6" title="Interleukin 6">IL6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_10" title="Interleukin 10">IL10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_13" title="Interleukin 13">IL13</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Interleukin_receptor_modulators601" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Interleukin_receptor_modulators" title="Template:Interleukin receptor modulators"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Interleukin_receptor_modulators" title="Template talk:Interleukin receptor modulators"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Interleukin_receptor_modulators" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Interleukin receptor modulators"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Interleukin_receptor_modulators601" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_receptor" title="Interleukin receptor">Interleukin receptor</a> <a href="/wiki/Receptor_modulator" title="Receptor modulator">modulators</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Interleukin-1_receptor" title="Interleukin-1 receptor">IL-1</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/wiki/Interleukin_1" class="mw-redirect" title="Interleukin 1">Interleukin 1</a> (<a href="/wiki/Interleukin_1_alpha" class="mw-redirect" title="Interleukin 1 alpha">α</a>, <a class="mw-selflink selflink">β</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobenakin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mobenakin (page does not exist)">Mobenakin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pifonakin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pifonakin (page does not exist)">Pifonakin</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Antagonists:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=AF-12198&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AF-12198 (page does not exist)">AF-12198</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anakinra" title="Anakinra">Anakinra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_1_receptor_antagonist" class="mw-redirect" title="Interleukin 1 receptor antagonist">IL-1RA</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isunakinra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Isunakinra (page does not exist)">Isunakinra</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Antibodies:</i> <a href="/wiki/Canakinumab" title="Canakinumab">Canakinumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gevokizumab" title="Gevokizumab">Gevokizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lutikizumab&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lutikizumab (page does not exist)">Lutikizumab</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Decoy receptors:</i> <a href="/wiki/Rilonacept" title="Rilonacept">Rilonacept (IL-1 Trap)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Interleukin-2_receptor" class="mw-redirect" title="Interleukin-2 receptor">IL-2</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Adargileukin_alfa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adargileukin alfa (page does not exist)">Adargileukin alfa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aldesleukin" class="mw-redirect" title="Aldesleukin">Aldesleukin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Celmoleukin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Celmoleukin (page does not exist)">Celmoleukin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denileukin_diftitox" title="Denileukin diftitox">Denileukin diftitox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_2" title="Interleukin 2">Interleukin 2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pegaldesleukin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pegaldesleukin (page does not exist)">Pegaldesleukin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Teceleukin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teceleukin (page does not exist)">Teceleukin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tucotuzumab_celmoleukin" title="Tucotuzumab celmoleukin">Tucotuzumab celmoleukin</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Antibodies:</i> <a href="/wiki/Basiliximab" title="Basiliximab">Basiliximab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daclizumab" title="Daclizumab">Daclizumab (dacliximab)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inolimomab" title="Inolimomab">Inolimomab</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Interleukin-3_receptor" title="Interleukin-3 receptor">IL-3</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniplestim&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daniplestim (page does not exist)">Daniplestim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_3" title="Interleukin 3">Interleukin 3</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leridistim&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leridistim (page does not exist)">Leridistim</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Milodistim&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Milodistim (page does not exist)">Milodistim</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muplestim&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muplestim (page does not exist)">Muplestim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Promegapoietin" title="Promegapoietin">Promegapoietin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Interleukin-4_receptor" title="Interleukin-4 receptor">IL-4</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Binetrakin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Binetrakin (page does not exist)">Binetrakin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_4" title="Interleukin 4">Interleukin 4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_13" title="Interleukin 13">Interleukin 13</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Antagonists:</i> <a href="/wiki/Pitrakinra" title="Pitrakinra">Pitrakinra</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Antibodies:</i> <a href="/wiki/Dupilumab" title="Dupilumab">Dupilumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pascolizumab" title="Pascolizumab">Pascolizumab</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Interleukin-5_receptor" title="Interleukin-5 receptor">IL-5</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/wiki/Interleukin_5" title="Interleukin 5">Interleukin 5</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Antagonists:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=YM-90709&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="YM-90709 (page does not exist)">YM-90709</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Antibodies:</i> <a href="/wiki/Benralizumab" title="Benralizumab">Benralizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mepolizumab" title="Mepolizumab">Mepolizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reslizumab" title="Reslizumab">Reslizumab</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Antisense oligonucleotides:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=TPI_ASM8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="TPI ASM8 (page does not exist)">TPI ASM8</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Interleukin-6_receptor" title="Interleukin-6 receptor">IL-6</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Atexakin_alfa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Atexakin alfa (page does not exist)">Atexakin alfa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_6" title="Interleukin 6">Interleukin 6</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Antibodies:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=ARGX-109&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ARGX-109 (page does not exist)">ARGX-109</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clazakizumab" title="Clazakizumab">Clazakizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elsilimomab" title="Elsilimomab">Elsilimomab</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MAb_1339&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MAb 1339 (page does not exist)">mAb 1339</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olokizumab" title="Olokizumab">Olokizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarilumab" title="Sarilumab">Sarilumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siltuximab" title="Siltuximab">Siltuximab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sirukumab" title="Sirukumab">Sirukumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tocilizumab" title="Tocilizumab">Tocilizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levilimab" title="Levilimab">Levilimab</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Interleukin-7_receptor" title="Interleukin-7 receptor">IL-7</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/wiki/Interleukin_7" title="Interleukin 7">Interleukin 7</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Interleukin-8_receptor" title="Interleukin-8 receptor">IL-8</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>See CXCR1 (IL-8Rα) and CXCR2 (IL-8Rβ) <a href="/wiki/Template:Chemokine_receptor_modulators" title="Template:Chemokine receptor modulators">here</a> instead.</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_9_receptor" class="mw-redirect" title="Interleukin 9 receptor">IL-9</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/wiki/Interleukin_9" title="Interleukin 9">Interleukin 9</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Antibodies:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Enokizumab&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Enokizumab (page does not exist)">Enokizumab</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Interleukin-10_receptor" title="Interleukin-10 receptor">IL-10</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilodecakin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ilodecakin (page does not exist)">Ilodecakin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_10" title="Interleukin 10">Interleukin 10 (CSIF)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Interleukin-11_receptor" title="Interleukin-11 receptor">IL-11</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/wiki/Interleukin_11" title="Interleukin 11">Interleukin 11 (AGIF)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oprelvekin" title="Oprelvekin">Oprelvekin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Interleukin-12_receptor" title="Interleukin-12 receptor">IL-12</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Edodekin_alfa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edodekin alfa (page does not exist)">Edodekin alfa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_12" title="Interleukin 12">Interleukin 12</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Antibodies:</i> <a href="/wiki/Briakinumab" title="Briakinumab">Briakinumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ustekinumab" title="Ustekinumab">Ustekinumab</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Interleukin-13_receptor" title="Interleukin-13 receptor">IL-13</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Binetrakin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Binetrakin (page does not exist)">Binetrakin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cintredekin_besudotox&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cintredekin besudotox (page does not exist)">Cintredekin besudotox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_4" title="Interleukin 4">Interleukin 4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_13" title="Interleukin 13">Interleukin 13</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Antibodies:</i> <a href="/wiki/Anrukinzumab" title="Anrukinzumab">Anrukinzumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebrikizumab" title="Lebrikizumab">Lebrikizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tralokinumab" title="Tralokinumab">Tralokinumab</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Interleukin-15_receptor" title="Interleukin-15 receptor">IL-15</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/wiki/ALT-803" class="mw-redirect" title="ALT-803">ALT-803</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_15" title="Interleukin 15">Interleukin 15</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Interleukin-17_receptor" title="Interleukin-17 receptor">IL-17</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/wiki/Interleukin_17" title="Interleukin 17">Interleukin 17</a> (<a href="/wiki/IL17A" class="mw-redirect" title="IL17A">A</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=IL17B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="IL17B (page does not exist)">B</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=IL17C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="IL17C (page does not exist)">C</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=IL17D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="IL17D (page does not exist)">D</a>, <a href="/wiki/IL17E" class="mw-redirect" title="IL17E">E (interleukin 25)</a>, <a href="/wiki/IL17F" class="mw-redirect" title="IL17F">F</a>)</li></ul> <ul><li><i>Antibodies:</i> <a href="/wiki/Brodalumab" title="Brodalumab">Brodalumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ixekizumab" title="Ixekizumab">Ixekizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perakizumab" title="Perakizumab">Perakizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Remtolumab&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Remtolumab (page does not exist)">Remtolumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secukinumab" title="Secukinumab">Secukinumab</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vunakizumab&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vunakizumab (page does not exist)">Vunakizumab</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Interleukin-18_receptor" title="Interleukin-18 receptor">IL-18</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Iboctadekin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iboctadekin (page does not exist)">Iboctadekin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_18" title="Interleukin 18">Interleukin 18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_37" title="Interleukin 37">Interleukin 37</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tadekinig&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tadekinig (page does not exist)">Tadekinig</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Binding proteins:</i> <a href="/wiki/IL18BP" title="IL18BP">IL18BP</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Interleukin-20_receptor" title="Interleukin-20 receptor">IL-20</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/wiki/Interleukin_19" title="Interleukin 19">Interleukin 19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_20" title="Interleukin 20">Interleukin 20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_24" title="Interleukin 24">Interleukin 24</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Antibodies:</i> <a href="/wiki/Fletikumab" title="Fletikumab">Fletikumab</a> (against IL-20)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Interleukin-21_receptor" title="Interleukin-21 receptor">IL-21</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Denenicokin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Denenicokin (page does not exist)">Denenicokin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_21" title="Interleukin 21">Interleukin 21</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Antibodies:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=NNC0114-0005&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NNC0114-0005 (page does not exist)">NNC0114-0005</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=NNC0114-0006&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NNC0114-0006 (page does not exist)">NNC0114-0006</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Interleukin-22_receptor" title="Interleukin-22 receptor">IL-22</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/wiki/Interleukin_22" title="Interleukin 22">Interleukin 22</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Antibodies:</i> <a href="/wiki/Fezakinumab" title="Fezakinumab">Fezakinumab</a> (against IL-22)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Interleukin-23_receptor" title="Interleukin-23 receptor">IL-23</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/wiki/Interleukin_23" title="Interleukin 23">Interleukin 23 (SGRF)</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Antibodies:</i> <a href="/wiki/Brazikumab" title="Brazikumab">Brazikumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Briakinumab" title="Briakinumab">Briakinumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guselkumab" title="Guselkumab">Guselkumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Risankizumab" title="Risankizumab">Risankizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tildrakizumab" title="Tildrakizumab">Tildrakizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ustekinumab" title="Ustekinumab">Ustekinumab</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Interleukin-27_receptor" title="Interleukin-27 receptor">IL-27</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/wiki/Interleukin_27" title="Interleukin 27">Interleukin 27 (interleukin 30)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Interleukin-28_receptor" title="Interleukin-28 receptor">IL-28</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Interferon_%CE%BB4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Interferon λ4 (page does not exist)">Interferon λ4 (IFN-λ4)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_28" title="Interleukin 28">Interleukin 28</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Interleukin_28A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Interleukin 28A (page does not exist)">A (IFN-λ2)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Interleukin_28B" class="mw-redirect" title="Interleukin 28B">B (IFN-λ3)</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_29" title="Interleukin 29">Interleukin-29 (IFN-λ1)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Interleukin-31_receptor" title="Interleukin-31 receptor">IL-31</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/wiki/Interleukin_31" title="Interleukin 31">Interleukin 31</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_1_receptor-like_1" class="mw-redirect" title="Interleukin 1 receptor-like 1">IL1RL1</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/wiki/Interleukin_33" title="Interleukin 33">Interleukin 33</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_1_receptor-like_2" class="mw-redirect" title="Interleukin 1 receptor-like 2">IL1RL2</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/wiki/Interleukin_36" title="Interleukin 36">Interleukin 36</a> (<a href="/wiki/IL36A" title="IL36A">α</a>, <a href="/wiki/IL36B" title="IL36B">β</a>, <a href="/wiki/IL36G" title="IL36G">γ</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_38" class="mw-redirect" title="Interleukin 38">Interleukin 38</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Antagonists:</i> <a href="/wiki/Interleukin_36_receptor_antagonist" title="Interleukin 36 receptor antagonist">IL-36RA</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Janus_kinase" title="Janus kinase">JAK</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>See <a href="/wiki/Template:Cytokine_receptor_modulators" title="Template:Cytokine receptor modulators">here</a> instead.</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_14" class="mw-redirect" title="Interleukin 14">Interleukin 14 (taxilin alpha, HMW-BCGF)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_16" title="Interleukin 16">Interleukin 16</a> (signals through <a href="/wiki/CD4" title="CD4">CD4</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_24" title="Interleukin 24">Interleukin 24</a> (signals through <a href="/wiki/IL22RA1" title="IL22RA1">IL-22Rα1</a>/<a href="/wiki/Interleukin_20_receptor,_beta_subunit" title="Interleukin 20 receptor, beta subunit">IL-20Rβ</a> heterodimer)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_26" title="Interleukin 26">Interleukin 26</a> (signals through <a href="/wiki/Interleukin_20_receptor,_alpha_subunit" title="Interleukin 20 receptor, alpha subunit">IL-20Rα</a>/<a href="/wiki/Interleukin_10_receptor,_beta_subunit" title="Interleukin 10 receptor, beta subunit">IL-10Rβ</a> heterodimer)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_32" title="Interleukin 32">Interleukin 32</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_34" title="Interleukin 34">Interleukin 34</a> (signals through <a href="/wiki/Colony_stimulating_factor_1_receptor" title="Colony stimulating factor 1 receptor">M-CSFR/CSF1R</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_35" title="Interleukin 35">Interleukin 35</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Unsorted:</i> <a href="/wiki/Efavaleukin_alfa" title="Efavaleukin alfa">Efavaleukin alfa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Efineptakin_alfa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Efineptakin alfa (page does not exist)">Efineptakin alfa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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