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id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Početak</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Povijest_astronomije" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Povijest_astronomije"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Povijest astronomije</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Povijest_astronomije-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Grane_astronomije" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Grane_astronomije"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Grane astronomije</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Grane_astronomije-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Sadržaj cjeline Grane astronomije</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Grane_astronomije-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Podjela_prema_predmetu_promatranja" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Podjela_prema_predmetu_promatranja"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Podjela prema predmetu promatranja</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Podjela_prema_predmetu_promatranja-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Podjela_prema_načinu_istraživanja" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Podjela_prema_načinu_istraživanja"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Podjela prema načinu istraživanja</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Podjela_prema_načinu_istraživanja-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Astrognozija" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Astrognozija"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Astrognozija</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Astrognozija-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zemljina_putanja" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zemljina_putanja"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Zemljina putanja</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zemljina_putanja-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nebeska_mehanika" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nebeska_mehanika"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Nebeska mehanika</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nebeska_mehanika-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mjesec" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mjesec"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Mjesec</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mjesec-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Terestrički_planeti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Terestrički_planeti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Terestrički planeti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Terestrički_planeti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Asteroidi_ili_planetoidi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Asteroidi_ili_planetoidi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Asteroidi ili planetoidi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Asteroidi_ili_planetoidi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jovijanski_planeti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jovijanski_planeti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Jovijanski planeti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jovijanski_planeti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Astronomska_pomagala" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Astronomska_pomagala"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Astronomska pomagala</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Astronomska_pomagala-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Poznati_astronomi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Poznati_astronomi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Poznati astronomi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Poznati_astronomi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Izvori" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Izvori"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Izvori</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Izvori-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vanjske_poveznice" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vanjske_poveznice"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Vanjske poveznice</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vanjske_poveznice-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sadržaj" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Prikaz sadržaja stranice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Prikaz sadržaja stranice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Astronomija</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Idi na druge jezične varijante članka. Dostupan je na 242 jezika" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-242" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">242 jezika</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sterrekunde" title="Sterrekunde – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Sterrekunde" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomie" title="Astronomie – švicarski njemački" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Astronomie" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="švicarski njemački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%A5%E1%8A%90_%E1%8D%88%E1%88%88%E1%8A%AD" title="ሥነ ፈለክ – amharski" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ሥነ ፈለክ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronom%C3%ADa" title="Astronomía – aragonski" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Astronomía" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tungolcr%C3%A6ft" title="Tungolcræft – staroengleski" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Tungolcræft" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="staroengleski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="खगोल शास्त्र – angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="खगोल शास्त्र" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="dobri članak"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%84%D9%83" title="علم الفلك – arapski" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="علم الفلك" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arapski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A1%DC%A1%DC%A0%DC%A0%DC%98%DC%AC_%DC%9F%DC%98%DC%9F%DC%92%DC%90" title="ܡܡܠܠܘܬ ܟܘܟܒܐ – aramejski" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܡܡܠܠܘܬ ܟܘܟܒܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="aramejski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%84%D9%83" title="فلك – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="فلك" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9E%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="জ্যোতিৰ্বিজ্ঞান – asamski" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="জ্যোতিৰ্বিজ্ঞান" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="asamski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronom%C3%ADa" title="Astronomía – asturijski" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Astronomía" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Астрономия – avarski" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Астрономия" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="avarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaxpacha_y%C3%A4nakata" title="Alaxpacha yänakata – ajmarski" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Alaxpacha yänakata" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="ajmarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomiya" title="Astronomiya – azerbajdžanski" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Astronomiya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbajdžanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D9%88%D9%85%DB%8C" title="آسترونومی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="آسترونومی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Астрономия – baškirski" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Астрономия" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baškirski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomie" title="Astronomie – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Astronomie" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astruonuom%C4%97j%C4%97" title="Astruonuomėjė – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Astruonuomėjė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomiya" title="Astronomiya – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Astronomiya" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Астраномія – bjeloruski" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Астраномія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bjeloruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Астраномія – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Астраномія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%88lmu_palak" title="Èlmu palak – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Èlmu palak" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Астрономия – bugarski" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Астрономия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bugarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80" title="खगोलिकी – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="खगोलिकी" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomi" title="Astronomi – bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Astronomi" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaji_tawas_langit" title="Kaji tawas langit – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Kaji tawas langit" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%94%E1%80%80%E1%80%B9%E1%80%81%E1%80%90%E1%80%B9%E1%80%90%E1%80%97%E1%80%B1%E1%80%92" title="နက္ခတ္တဗေဒ – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="နက္ခတ္တဗေဒ" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolokalan" title="Dolokalan – bambara" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Dolokalan" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="bambara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bamanankan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9E%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="জ্যোতির্বিজ্ঞান – bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="জ্যোতির্বিজ্ঞান" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steredoniezh" title="Steredoniezh – bretonski" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Steredoniezh" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomija" title="Astronomija – bosanski" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Astronomija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomi" title="Astronomi – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Astronomi" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D1%88%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Одон орон шудалал – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Одон орон шудалал" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomia" title="Astronomia – katalonski" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Astronomia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomia" title="Astronomia – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Astronomia" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%C4%95ng-%C3%B9ng" title="Tiĕng-ùng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Tiĕng-ùng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8" title="Астрономи – čečenski" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Астрономи" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="čečenski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomiya" title="Astronomiya – cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Astronomiya" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%95%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%8E%D8%B1%DB%95%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="ئەستێرەناسی – soranski kurdski" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئەستێرەناسی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="soranski kurdski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronumia" title="Astronumia – korzički" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Astronumia" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="korzički" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomie" title="Astronomie – češki" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Astronomie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="češki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomij%C3%B4" title="Astronomijô – kašupski" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Astronomijô" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="kašupski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8" title="Астрономи – čuvaški" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Астрономи" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="čuvaški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seryddiaeth" title="Seryddiaeth – velški" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Seryddiaeth" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="velški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomi" title="Astronomi – danski" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Astronomi" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomie" title="Astronomie – njemački" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Astronomie" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="njemački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-din mw-list-item"><a href="https://din.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%8Ai%C9%9B%CC%88ckanhial" title="Ŋiɛ̈ckanhial – dinka" lang="din" hreflang="din" data-title="Ŋiɛ̈ckanhial" data-language-autonym="Thuɔŋjäŋ" data-language-local-name="dinka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Thuɔŋjäŋ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asm%C3%AAn%C5%9F%C4%B1nasiye" title="Asmênşınasiye – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Asmênşınasiye" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomija" title="Astronomija – donjolužički" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Astronomija" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="donjolužički" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astoronomi" title="Astoronomi – Central Dusun" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="Astoronomi" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="Central Dusun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kadazandusun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%8A%DE%A6%DE%8D%DE%A6%DE%86%DE%A9_%DE%87%DE%A8%DE%8D%DE%B0%DE%89%DE%AA" title="ފަލަކީ އިލްމު – divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ފަލަކީ އިލްމު" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CF%83%CF%84%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Αστρονομία – grčki" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αστρονομία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grčki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronom%C3%AE" title="Astronomî – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Astronomî" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="dobri članak"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomy" title="Astronomy – engleski" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Astronomy" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engleski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomio" title="Astronomio – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Astronomio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronom%C3%ADa" title="Astronomía – španjolski" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Astronomía" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="španjolski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronoomia" title="Astronoomia – estonski" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Astronoomia" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomia" title="Astronomia – baskijski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Astronomia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomia" title="Astronomia – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Astronomia" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="اخترشناسی – perzijski" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اخترشناسی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perzijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astoronomy" title="Astoronomy – fula" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Astoronomy" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="fula" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fulfulde</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A4htitiede" title="Tähtitiede – finski" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Tähtitiede" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A4hetiid%C3%BCs" title="Tähetiidüs – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Tähetiidüs" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maliwalala" title="Maliwalala – fidžijski" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Maliwalala" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="fidžijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stj%C3%B8rnufr%C3%B8%C3%B0i" title="Stjørnufrøði – ferojski" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Stjørnufrøði" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="ferojski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomie" title="Astronomie – francuski" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Astronomie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francuski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomia" title="Astronomia – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Astronomia" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%C3%A4%C3%A4rkunde" title="Stäärkunde – sjevernofrizijski" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Stäärkunde" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="sjevernofrizijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomie" title="Astronomie – furlanski" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Astronomie" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="furlanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomy" title="Astronomy – zapadnofrizijski" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Astronomy" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="zapadnofrizijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9alteola%C3%ADocht" title="Réalteolaíocht – irski" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Réalteolaíocht" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E5%AD%B8" title="天文學 – gan kineski" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="天文學" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="gan kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lastronnonmi" title="Lastronnonmi – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Lastronnonmi" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reul-e%C3%B2las" title="Reul-eòlas – škotski gaelski" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Reul-eòlas" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="škotski gaelski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronom%C3%ADa" title="Astronomía – galicijski" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Astronomía" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mbyjakuaa" title="Mbyjakuaa – gvaranski" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Mbyjakuaa" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="gvaranski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%96%E0%AA%97%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%B3%E0%AA%B6%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B8%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%A4%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B0" title="ખગોળશાસ્ત્ર – gudžaratski" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ખગોળશાસ્ત્ર" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="gudžaratski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rollageydys" title="Rollageydys – manski" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Rollageydys" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="manski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thi%C3%AAn-v%C3%B9n-ho%CC%8Dk" title="Thiên-vùn-ho̍k – hakka kineski" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Thiên-vùn-ho̍k" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="hakka kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilo_h%C5%8Dk%C5%AB" title="Kilo hōkū – havajski" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Kilo hōkū" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="havajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%94" title="אסטרונומיה – hebrejski" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אסטרונומיה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrejski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="खगोल शास्त्र – hindski" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="खगोल शास्त्र" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taara_vigyan" title="Taara vigyan – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Taara vigyan" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomija" title="Astronomija – gornjolužički" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Astronomija" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="gornjolužički" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astwonomi" title="Astwonomi – haićanski kreolski" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Astwonomi" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haićanski kreolski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="izabrani članak"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Csillag%C3%A1szat" title="Csillagászat – mađarski" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Csillagászat" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="mađarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%B2%D5%A1%D5%A3%D5%AB%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Աստղագիտություն – armenski" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Աստղագիտություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armenski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%B2%D5%A1%D5%A3%D5%AB%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%AB%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Աստղագիտութիւն – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Աստղագիտութիւն" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomia" title="Astronomia – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Astronomia" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomi" title="Astronomi – iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Astronomi" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="iban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="dobri članak"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomi" title="Astronomi – indonezijski" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Astronomi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonezijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomie" title="Astronomie – interligua" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Astronomie" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="interligua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="izabrani članak"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomia" title="Astronomia – iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Astronomia" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D3%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="АйламӀилма – ingušetski" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="АйламӀилма" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="ingušetski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomio" title="Astronomio – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Astronomio" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stj%C3%B6rnufr%C3%A6%C3%B0i" title="Stjörnufræði – islandski" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Stjörnufræði" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomia" title="Astronomia – talijanski" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Astronomia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="talijanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iu mw-list-item"><a href="https://iu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%93%AF%E1%93%9A%E1%93%AF%E1%90%85%E1%95%90%E1%93%82%E1%96%85" title="ᓯᓚᓯᐅᕐᓂᖅ – inuktitut" lang="iu" hreflang="iu" data-title="ᓯᓚᓯᐅᕐᓂᖅ" data-language-autonym="ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut" data-language-local-name="inuktitut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6" title="天文学 – japanski" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="天文学" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aschranami" title="Aschranami – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Aschranami" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/kesyske" title="kesyske – lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="kesyske" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomi" title="Astronomi – javanski" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Astronomi" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ასტრონომია – gruzijski" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ასტრონომია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruzijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomiya" title="Astronomiya – kara-kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Astronomiya" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="kara-kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasnallunt" title="Tasnallunt – kabilski" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tasnallunt" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabilski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Астрономия – kazaški" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Астрономия" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazaški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kl mw-list-item"><a href="https://kl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulloriarsiorneq" title="Ulloriarsiorneq – kalaallisut" lang="kl" hreflang="kl" data-title="Ulloriarsiorneq" data-language-autonym="Kalaallisut" data-language-local-name="kalaallisut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kalaallisut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%B6" title="តារាវិទ្យា – kmerski" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="តារាវិទ្យា" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="kmerski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%96%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%B3%E0%B2%B6%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0" title="ಖಗೋಳಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ – karnatački" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಖಗೋಳಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="karnatački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B2%9C%EB%AC%B8%ED%95%99" title="천문학 – korejski" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="천문학" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korejski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Астрономия – karachay-balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Астрономия" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="karachay-balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%8E%D9%84%DA%A9%D9%90%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="فَلکِیات – kašmirski" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="فَلکِیات" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="kašmirski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%C3%AArnas%C3%AE" title="Stêrnasî – kurdski" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Stêrnasî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steronieth" title="Steronieth – kornski" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Steronieth" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="kornski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Астрономия – kirgiski" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Астрономия" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgiski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomia" title="Astronomia – latinski" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Astronomia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latinski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomiya" title="Astronomiya – ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Astronomiya" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomie" title="Astronomie – luksemburški" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Astronomie" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luksemburški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D3%80%D1%83%D1%80%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%BC%D1%83" title="ЦӀурттал элму – Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="ЦӀурттал элму" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Астрономия – lezgiški" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Астрономия" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="lezgiški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomia" title="Astronomia – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Astronomia" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lg mw-list-item"><a href="https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Essomabwengula" title="Essomabwengula – ganda" lang="lg" hreflang="lg" data-title="Essomabwengula" data-language-autonym="Luganda" data-language-local-name="ganda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Luganda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starekunde" title="Starekunde – limburški" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Starekunde" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomia" title="Astronomia – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Astronomia" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomia" title="Astronomia – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Astronomia" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomia" title="Astronomia – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Astronomia" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamb%C3%AD_ma_nz%C9%94%CC%81t%C9%94" title="Mambí ma nzɔ́tɔ – lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Mambí ma nzɔ́tɔ" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%94" title="ດາລາສາດ – laoski" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ດາລາສາດ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="laoski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomija" title="Astronomija – litavski" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Astronomija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litavski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomija" title="Astronomija – latvijski" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Astronomija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latvijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomi" title="Astronomi – madurski" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Astronomi" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="madurski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Madhurâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomi" title="Astronomi – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Astronomi" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haikintana" title="Haikintana – malgaški" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Haikintana" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgaški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Астрономий – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Астрономий" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C4%81tai_arorangi" title="Tātai arorangi – maorski" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Tātai arorangi" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="maorski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomi" title="Astronomi – minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Astronomi" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Астрономија – makedonski" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Астрономија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="izabrani članak"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%83%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82" title="ജ്യോതിഃശാസ്ത്രം – malajalamski" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ജ്യോതിഃശാസ്ത്രം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajalamski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Одон орон – mongolski" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Одон орон" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%88%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%9F%EA%AF%86%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%A1%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%9F" title="ꯈꯦꯟꯆꯣꯡꯂꯣꯟ – manipurski" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯈꯦꯟꯆꯣꯡꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="manipurski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="खगोलशास्त्र – marathski" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="खगोलशास्त्र" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomi" title="Astronomi – malajski" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Astronomi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomija" title="Astronomija – malteški" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Astronomija" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="malteški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomie" title="Astronomie – mirandski" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Astronomie" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="mirandski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%94%E1%80%80%E1%80%B9%E1%80%81%E1%80%90%E1%80%B9%E1%80%90%E1%80%97%E1%80%B1%E1%80%92" title="နက္ခတ္တဗေဒ – burmanski" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="နက္ခတ္တဗေဒ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="burmanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C" title="اساره‌دونی – mazanderanski" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="اساره‌دونی" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazanderanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilhuicamatiliztli" title="Ilhuicamatiliztli – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Ilhuicamatiliztli" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronumia" title="Astronumia – napolitanski" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Astronumia" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="napolitanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomie" title="Astronomie – donjonjemački" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Astronomie" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="donjonjemački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steernskunde" title="Steernskunde – donjosaksonski" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Steernskunde" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="donjosaksonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="खगोल शास्त्र – nepalski" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="खगोल शास्त्र" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="खगोलशास्त्र – newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="खगोलशास्त्र" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nia mw-list-item"><a href="https://nia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomi" title="Astronomi – nias" lang="nia" hreflang="nia" data-title="Astronomi" data-language-autonym="Li Niha" data-language-local-name="nias" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Li Niha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomie" title="Astronomie – nizozemski" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Astronomie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nizozemski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomi" title="Astronomi – norveški nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Astronomi" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norveški nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="izabrani članak"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomi" title="Astronomi – norveški bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Astronomi" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norveški bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomia" title="Astronomia – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Astronomia" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nqo mw-list-item"><a href="https://nqo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DF%9B%DF%8A%DF%B2%DF%A1%DF%8A%DF%9B%DF%93%DF%8D" title="ߛߊ߲ߡߊߛߓߍ – n’ko" lang="nqo" hreflang="nqo" data-title="ߛߊ߲ߡߊߛߓߍ" data-language-autonym="ߒߞߏ" data-language-local-name="n’ko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ߒߞߏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrononmie" title="Astrononmie – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Astrononmie" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thutanaledi" title="Thutanaledi – sjeverni sotski" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Thutanaledi" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="sjeverni sotski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomia" title="Astronomia – okcitanski" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Astronomia" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="okcitanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%C3%A4htitiedo" title="Tiähtitiedo – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Tiähtitiedo" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xin-hawaa" title="Xin-hawaa – oromski" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Xin-hawaa" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oromski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8" title="Астрономи – osetski" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Астрономи" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="osetski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8" title="ਤਾਰਾ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ – pandžapski" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਤਾਰਾ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="pandžapski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomia" title="Astronomia – pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Astronomia" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrononmie" title="Astrononmie – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Astrononmie" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estronomii" title="Estronomii – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Estronomii" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="dobri članak"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomia" title="Astronomia – poljski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Astronomia" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poljski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronom%C3%ACa" title="Astronomìa – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Astronomìa" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7_%D9%BE%DA%91%DA%BE%D8%AA" title="تارا پڑھت – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="تارا پڑھت" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%87%D9%86%D9%87" title="ستورپوهنه – paštunski" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ستورپوهنه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paštunski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomia" title="Astronomia – portugalski" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Astronomia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quyllur_yachay" title="Quyllur yachay – kečuanski" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Quyllur yachay" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="kečuanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomia" title="Astronomia – retoromanski" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Astronomia" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="retoromanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chexanipen" title="Chexanipen – Vlax Romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Chexanipen" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="Vlax Romani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Romani čhib</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomie" title="Astronomie – rumunjski" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Astronomie" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumunjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomie" title="Astronomie – aromunski" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Astronomie" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="aromunski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Астрономия – ruski" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Астрономия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Астрономія – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Астрономія" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D" title="खगोलशास्त्रम् – sanskrtski" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="खगोलशास्त्रम्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanskrtski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Астрономия – jakutski" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Астрономия" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="jakutski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomia" title="Astronomia – sardski" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Astronomia" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sardski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrunum%C3%ACa" title="Astrunumìa – sicilijski" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Astrunumìa" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sicilijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomy" title="Astronomy – škotski" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Astronomy" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="škotski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85%D9%90_%D9%81%D9%84%DA%AA%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="علمِ فلڪيات – sindski" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="علمِ فلڪيات" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sg mw-list-item"><a href="https://sg.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%AAnd%C3%A2tongo" title="Sêndâtongo – sango" lang="sg" hreflang="sg" data-title="Sêndâtongo" data-language-autonym="Sängö" data-language-local-name="sango" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sängö</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomija" title="Astronomija – srpsko-hrvatski" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Astronomija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="srpsko-hrvatski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasnaggurt" title="Tasnaggurt – tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Tasnaggurt" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F_%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" title="තාරකා විද්‍යාව – sinhaleški" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="තාරකා විද්‍යාව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="sinhaleški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomy" title="Astronomy – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Astronomy" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astron%C3%B3mia" title="Astronómia – slovački" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Astronómia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%84%DA%A9%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="فلکیات – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="فلکیات" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomija" title="Astronomija – slovenski" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Astronomija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saienisi_o_fet%C5%AB" title="Saienisi o fetū – samoanski" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Saienisi o fetū" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="samoanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zvechadenga" title="Zvechadenga – shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Zvechadenga" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xiddigmaal" title="Xiddigmaal – somalski" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Xiddigmaal" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomia" title="Astronomia – albanski" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Astronomia" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="izabrani članak"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Астрономија – srpski" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Астрономија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="srpski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stiernkunde_af_Astronomie" title="Stiernkunde af Astronomie – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Stiernkunde af Astronomie" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomi" title="Astronomi – sundanski" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Astronomi" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="izabrani članak"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomi" title="Astronomi – švedski" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Astronomi" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="švedski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elimuanga" title="Elimuanga – svahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Elimuanga" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="svahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astr%C5%8Dn%C5%8Dmij%C5%8F" title="Astrōnōmijŏ – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Astrōnōmijŏ" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="வானியல் – tamilski" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="வானியல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%96%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%B3_%E0%B2%B6%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0" title="ಖಗೋಳ ಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ – Tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ಖಗೋಳ ಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="Tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%96%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%B3_%E0%B0%B6%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82" title="ఖగోళ శాస్త్రం – teluški" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఖగోళ శాస్త్రం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="teluški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomia" title="Astronomia – tetum" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Astronomia" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="tetum" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tetun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%85%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D3%A3" title="Ахтаршиносӣ – tadžički" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ахтаршиносӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadžički" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="izabrani članak"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="ดาราศาสตร์ – tajlandski" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ดาราศาสตร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tajlandski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ti mw-list-item"><a href="https://ti.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%B5%E1%8A%90-%E1%8A%AE%E1%8A%BE%E1%89%A5" title="ስነ-ኮኾብ – tigrinja" lang="ti" hreflang="ti" data-title="ስነ-ኮኾብ" data-language-autonym="ትግርኛ" data-language-local-name="tigrinja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ትግርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomi%C3%BDa" title="Astronomiýa – turkmenski" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Astronomiýa" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turkmenski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomiya" title="Astronomiya – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Astronomiya" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomij%C9%99" title="Astronomijə – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Astronomijə" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estronomi" title="Estronomi – tok pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Estronomi" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="tok pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomi" title="Astronomi – turski" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Astronomi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dyondzo-Tinyeleti" title="Dyondzo-Tinyeleti – tsonga" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Dyondzo-Tinyeleti" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="tsonga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Астрономия – tatarski" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Астрономия" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D9%88%D9%85%D9%89%D9%8A%DB%95" title="ئاسترونومىيە – ujgurski" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ئاسترونومىيە" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="ujgurski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Астрономія – ukrajinski" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Астрономія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrajinski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%84%DA%A9%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="فلکیات – urdski" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="فلکیات" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomiya" title="Astronomiya – uzbečki" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Astronomiya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbečki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomia" title="Astronomia – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Astronomia" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomii" title="Astronomii – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Astronomii" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thi%C3%AAn_v%C4%83n_h%E1%BB%8Dc" title="Thiên văn học – vijetnamski" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thiên văn học" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vijetnamski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomie" title="Astronomie – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Astronomie" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stelav" title="Stelav – volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Stelav" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomeye" title="Astronomeye – valonski" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Astronomeye" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="valonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomiya" title="Astronomiya – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Astronomiya" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saytubiddiw" title="Saytubiddiw – volof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Saytubiddiw" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="volof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E5%AD%B8" title="天文學 – wu kineski" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="天文學" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/IAstronomi" title="IAstronomi – xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="IAstronomi" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ასტრონომია – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ასტრონომია" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%A2" title="אסטראנאמיע – jidiš" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="אסטראנאמיע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="jidiš" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Ct%C3%B2r%C3%A0w%E1%BB%8D%CC%80" title="Ìtòràwọ̀ – jorupski" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Ìtòràwọ̀" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="jorupski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denhvwnz" title="Denhvwnz – zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Denhvwnz" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staerrekunde" title="Staerrekunde – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Staerrekunde" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E5%AD%B8" title="天文學 – kineski" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="天文學" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E5%AD%B8" title="天文學 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="天文學" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thian-b%C3%BBn-ha%CC%8Dk" title="Thian-bûn-ha̍k – min nan kineski" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Thian-bûn-ha̍k" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="min nan kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E5%AD%B8" title="天文學 – kantonski" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="天文學" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izinkanyezi" title="Izinkanyezi – zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Izinkanyezi" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q333#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Poveznice na druge jezike" class="wbc-editpage">Uredi poveznice</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Imenski prostori"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Astronomija" title="Pogledaj sadržaj [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Stranica</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Razgovor:Astronomija&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Razgovorna stranica (stranica ne postoji) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Razgovor</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div 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data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Pomagala</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">premjesti</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">sakrij</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Više mogućnosti" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Radnje </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Astronomija"><span>Čitaj</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astronomija&veaction=edit" title="Uredite ovu stranicu [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Uredi</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astronomija&action=edit" title="Uredite izvorni kôd ove stranice [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Uredi kôd</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astronomija&action=history"><span>Vidi povijest</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Razno </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:%C5%A0to_vodi_ovamo/Astronomija" title="Popis svih stranica koje sadrže poveznice na ovu stranicu [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Što vodi ovamo</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:Povezane_promjene/Astronomija" rel="nofollow" title="Nedavne promjene na stranicama koje su povezane s navedenom stranicom [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Povezane promjene</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedija:Upload" title="Postavi datoteke [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Postavi datoteku</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:Posebne_stranice" title="Popis svih posebnih stranica [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Posebne stranice</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astronomija&oldid=6908388" title="Trajna poveznica na ovu verziju stranice"><span>Trajna poveznica</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astronomija&action=info" title="Više informacija o ovoj stranici"><span>Podatci o stranici</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Citiraj&page=Astronomija&id=6908388&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informacije o tome kako citirati 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accesskey="g"><span>Stavka na Wikipodatcima</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Pomagala"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Izgled"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Izgled</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">premjesti</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sakrij</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Izvor: Wikipedija</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="hr" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Gravitationell-lins-4.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Gravitationell-lins-4.jpg/250px-Gravitationell-lins-4.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="260" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Gravitationell-lins-4.jpg/375px-Gravitationell-lins-4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Gravitationell-lins-4.jpg/500px-Gravitationell-lins-4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3853" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Gravitacijske_le%C4%87e" title="Gravitacijske leće">Gravitacijske leće</a> (slika sa <a href="/wiki/Svemirski_teleskop_Hubble" title="Svemirski teleskop Hubble">Svemirskog teleskopa Hubble</a>).</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Crab_Nebula.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Crab_Nebula.jpg/250px-Crab_Nebula.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Crab_Nebula.jpg/375px-Crab_Nebula.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Crab_Nebula.jpg/500px-Crab_Nebula.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3864" data-file-height="3864" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Messier_1" title="Messier 1">Maglica Rakovica</a> je ostatak <a href="/wiki/Supernova" title="Supernova">supernove</a> (slika sa <a href="/wiki/Svemirski_teleskop_Hubble" title="Svemirski teleskop Hubble">Svemirskog teleskopa Hubble</a>).</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Venus_Tablet_of_Ammisaduqa.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Venus_Tablet_of_Ammisaduqa.jpg/250px-Venus_Tablet_of_Ammisaduqa.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="421" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Venus_Tablet_of_Ammisaduqa.jpg/375px-Venus_Tablet_of_Ammisaduqa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Venus_Tablet_of_Ammisaduqa.jpg/500px-Venus_Tablet_of_Ammisaduqa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1627" data-file-height="2743" /></a><figcaption>Amisadukina <a href="/wiki/Efemeride" title="Efemeride">Venerina tablica</a> iz <a href="/wiki/Babilonska_astronomija" title="Babilonska astronomija">Babilnskog carstva</a> (7. stoljeće pr. Kr.)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:800_nasa_structure_renderin2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/800_nasa_structure_renderin2.jpg/250px-800_nasa_structure_renderin2.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/800_nasa_structure_renderin2.jpg/375px-800_nasa_structure_renderin2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/800_nasa_structure_renderin2.jpg/500px-800_nasa_structure_renderin2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2896" data-file-height="1629" /></a><figcaption>Dva ogromna balona <a href="/wiki/Rendgenska_astronomija" title="Rendgenska astronomija">rendgenskog</a> i <a href="/wiki/Gama_astronomija" title="Gama astronomija">gama zračenja</a> u samom središtu <a href="/wiki/Mlije%C4%8Dni_put" title="Mliječni put">Mliječnog puta</a> (2010.).</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Nebeska_sfera_3.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Nebeska_sfera_3.png/250px-Nebeska_sfera_3.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="264" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/57/Nebeska_sfera_3.png 1.5x" data-file-width="353" data-file-height="373" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Nebeski_ekvator" title="Nebeski ekvator">Nebeski ekvator</a> i <a href="/wiki/Ekliptika" title="Ekliptika">ekliptika</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Cycle_of_pulsed_gamma_rays_from_the_Vela_pulsar.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/73/Cycle_of_pulsed_gamma_rays_from_the_Vela_pulsar.gif" decoding="async" width="226" height="169" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="226" data-file-height="169" /></a><figcaption>Pulsirajuće gama zrake koje dolaze s <a href="/wiki/Pulsar" title="Pulsar">pulsara</a> Vela.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Astronomija</b> ili <b>zvjezdoznanstvo</b> (<a href="/wiki/Starogr%C4%8Dki_jezik" title="Starogrčki jezik">grč</a>. <i>ἀστρονομία</i>: zvjezdoznanstvo) jest <a href="/wiki/Znanost" title="Znanost">znanost</a> o <a href="/wiki/Nebesko_tijelo" class="mw-redirect" title="Nebesko tijelo">nebeskim tijelima</a> i pojavama u <a href="/wiki/Svemir" title="Svemir">svemiru</a> te o njegovu ustroju; jedna od najstarijih ljudskih djelatnosti. Astronomija se razvila iz praktičnih potreba i zadržala je i dalje taj svoj praktični značaj (izradba <a href="/wiki/Kalendar" title="Kalendar">kalendara</a>, određivanje <a href="/wiki/Vrijeme_(fizika)" title="Vrijeme (fizika)">točnog vremena</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sferna_astronomija" title="Sferna astronomija">točnog položaja</a>, <a href="/wiki/Orijentacija" title="Orijentacija">orijentacija</a> pri putovanju, osobito na moru i u zraku). Izvanredno dug razvoj astronomije kao egzaktne <a href="/wiki/Prirodne_znanosti" title="Prirodne znanosti">prirodne znanosti</a>, niz otkrića i uspjesi što ih je postizala u ispravnom tumačenju prirodnih pojava omogućili su da se pravilno ocijeni njezina uloga pri upoznavanju svijeta koji nas okružuje. Zato se rezultati njezinih istraživanja mogu upotrijebiti kao oslonac znanstvenom, naprednomu nazoru o svijetu u borbi protiv neznanstvenih shvaćanja.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Astronomija se bavi opažanjem i objašnjavanjem pojava izvan <a href="/wiki/Zemlja" title="Zemlja">Zemlje</a> i njezine <a href="/wiki/Atmosfera" title="Atmosfera">atmosfere</a>. Astronomija proučava porijeklo, razvoj, <a href="/wiki/Fizika" title="Fizika">fizička</a> i <a href="/wiki/Kemija" title="Kemija">kemijska</a> svojstva <a href="/wiki/Nebesko_tijelo" class="mw-redirect" title="Nebesko tijelo">nebeskih tijela</a>: <a href="/wiki/Zvijezda" title="Zvijezda">zvijezda</a>, zvjezdanih sustava, <a href="/wiki/Planet" title="Planet">planeta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crne_rupe" class="mw-redirect" title="Crne rupe">crnih rupa</a> i drugih objekata u <a href="/wiki/Svemir" title="Svemir">svemiru</a>, kao i procesa koji se događaju u njima. Osobe koje se bave astronomijom zovu se <a href="/wiki/Astronom" title="Astronom">astronomima</a> ili zvjezdoznancima. Astronomija je jedna od znanosti u kojima <a href="/wiki/Amaterska_astronomija" title="Amaterska astronomija">amateri</a> još uvijek imaju posebnu ulogu u otkrivanju i promatranju tranzicijskih <a href="/wiki/Pojava" title="Pojava">pojava</a>. Riječ astronomija potječe iz <a href="/wiki/Starogr%C4%8Dki_jezik" title="Starogrčki jezik">starogrčkog</a> i u slobodnom prijevodu znači „zakon(i) zvijezda”. Astronomiju treba razlikovati od <a href="/wiki/Astrologija" title="Astrologija">astrologije</a> koja je <a href="/wiki/Pseudoznanost" title="Pseudoznanost">pseudoznanost</a> o predviđanju ljudske sudbine promatranjem putanja zvijezda i planeta. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Povijest_astronomije">Povijest astronomije</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astronomija&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Uredi odlomak: Povijest astronomije" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astronomija&action=edit&section=1" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Povijest astronomije"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="margin-left:0.3rem"><i><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r7016135">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Vista-xmag.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/18px-Vista-xmag.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/27px-Vista-xmag.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/36px-Vista-xmag.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> Podrobniji članak o temi: <a href="/wiki/Povijest_astronomije" title="Povijest astronomije">Povijest astronomije</a></div></i></div> <p>Astronomijom su se bavili <a href="/wiki/Povijest_Kine" title="Povijest Kine">stari Kinezi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Civilizacija_Doline_Inda" class="mw-redirect" title="Civilizacija Doline Inda">Indijci</a>, <a href="/wiki/Babilonija" title="Babilonija">Babilonci</a>, <a href="/wiki/Drevni_Egipat" title="Drevni Egipat">Egipćani</a> i <a href="/wiki/Stara_Gr%C4%8Dka" title="Stara Grčka">Grci</a>. U Kineza su astronomi bili državni činovnici koji su, po službenoj dužnosti, morali pratiti kretanje nebeskih tijela i nebeske pojave. Kod drevnih Indijaca, Babilonaca i Egipćana astronomijom su se bavili svećenici. Svi ti narodi vrlo su rano upoznali dnevno i godišnje kretanje nebeskih tijela i uočili zakonitosti kod nebeskih pojava, napose kod <a href="/wiki/Pomr%C4%8Dina" title="Pomrčina">pomrčina</a>, pa su se te pojave pretkazivale. Kineski godišnjaci već 2857. pr. Kr. bilježe pomrčine i pojave <a href="/wiki/Komet" title="Komet">kometa</a>, ali je spaljivanjem znanstvenih spisa na zapovijed cara <a href="/wiki/Qin_Shi_Huangdi" title="Qin Shi Huangdi">Qin Shi Huangdi</a> 221. pr. Kr. spriječeno da se spoznaju druge potankosti o kineskoj astronomiji. Grci su astronomiju digli na stupanj egzaktne znanosti. Oni su se vjerojatno mnogo koristili opažanjima i otkrićima Babilonaca (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Metonov_ciklus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Metonov ciklus (stranica ne postoji)">Metonov ciklus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sarosov_period" title="Sarosov period">Saros</a> i podjela <a href="/wiki/Zodijak" title="Zodijak">zodijaka</a> u znakove), ali su nadmašili svoje prethodnike i suvremenike izgrađujući čvrstu znanstvenu zgradu astronomije, počevši od <a href="/wiki/Tales" title="Tales">Talesa</a> i <a href="/wiki/Hiparh" title="Hiparh">Hiparha</a>, koji je otkrio pojavu <a href="/wiki/Zemljina_precesija" title="Zemljina precesija">precesije</a>, a ujedno je primijenio matematičke metode kako bi odredio važne pojave u kretanju <a href="/wiki/Sunce" title="Sunce">Sunca</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mjesec" title="Mjesec">Mjeseca</a> i <a href="/wiki/Planet" title="Planet">planeta</a>. <a href="/wiki/Aristarh_sa_Samosa" title="Aristarh sa Samosa">Aristarh sa Samosa</a> je prvi dao točnu metodu za mjerenje daljine Sunca i Mjeseca, a kretanje na nebu protumačio kao posljedicu stvarnoga kretanja Zemlje oko vlastite osi i oko Sunca. To je njegovo naučavanje bilo silom sprječavano, pa i ugušivano, sve dok ga nije ponovno iznio <a href="/wiki/Nikola_Kopernik" title="Nikola Kopernik">Nikola Kopernik</a>. Grčko proučavanje nastavljeno je u <a href="/wiki/Aleksandrija" title="Aleksandrija">Aleksandrijskoj</a> školi: <a href="/wiki/Eratosten" title="Eratosten">Eratosten</a> je izmjerio <a href="/wiki/Opseg" title="Opseg">opseg</a> <a href="/wiki/Zemlja" title="Zemlja">Zemlje</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Klaudije_Ptolemej" title="Klaudije Ptolemej">Klaudije Ptolemej</a> skupio sve dotadašnje astronomsko znanje u čuvenom <i>Velikom sustavu</i> (<a href="/wiki/Starogr%C4%8Dki_jezik" title="Starogrčki jezik">grč</a>. <i>Μεγάλη σύνταξıς</i>); odatle naslov ne arapskom jeziku <i>Almagest</i>. S propašću Rimskoga Carstva smanjilo se zanimanje za astronomiju. </p><p>U srednjem vijeku rad na astronomiji nastavili su <a href="/wiki/Arapi" title="Arapi">Arapi</a>. Kopernikovo djelo <i>O gibanjima nebeskih tijela</i> (<a href="/wiki/Latinski_jezik" title="Latinski jezik">lat</a>. <i>De revolutionibus orbium coelestium</i>, 1543.) značilo je početak nove ere u astronomiji i napuštanje Ptolemejeva geocentričkog sustava. Značenje Kopernikova nauka za raskid s religijskim predrasudama isticao je osobito <a href="/wiki/Giordano_Bruno" title="Giordano Bruno">Giordano Bruno</a>, kojega je rimska <a href="/wiki/Inkvizicija" title="Inkvizicija">inkvizicija</a> zbog toga živa spalila (1601.). Razvoj astronomije povezan je nadalje uz <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Kepler" title="Johannes Kepler">Johannesa Keplera</a> i <a href="/wiki/Galileo_Galilei" title="Galileo Galilei">Galilea Galileja</a>. Oni su utemeljili <a href="/wiki/Nebeska_mehanika" title="Nebeska mehanika">nebesku mehaniku</a>, na kojoj je onda <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Newton" title="Isaac Newton">Isaac Newton</a> zasnovao svoj zakon nebeske mehanike (<a href="/wiki/Newtonov_zakon_gravitacije" title="Newtonov zakon gravitacije">Newtonov zakon gravitacije</a>), i konačno rješio pitanje o kretanju planeta i drugih nebeskih tijela. Svoje naučavanje izložio je Newton u djelu <i>Matematička načela naravne filozofije</i> (lat. <i>Philosophiae naturalis principia mathematica</i>, 1687.). Galilei, Kepler i Newton važni su ne samo zbog svojega rada na proučavanju kretanja nebeskih tijela nego i zbog svojeg priloga u razvoju <a href="/wiki/Astronomski_instrumenti" title="Astronomski instrumenti">astronomskih instrumenata</a>. Galilei je primijenio <a href="/wiki/Dalekozor" title="Dalekozor">dalekozor</a>, a Kepler pronašao tip dalekozora koji se do danas upotrebljava u astronomiji. Newton je uveo dalekozor sa zrcalom (<a href="/wiki/Reflektorski_teleskop" title="Reflektorski teleskop">reflektorski teleskop</a>) za proučavanje nebeskih tijela i otkrio rastavljanje bijele svjetlosti u <a href="/wiki/Spektar_(fizika)" title="Spektar (fizika)">spektar</a>, na čemu se temelji <a href="/wiki/Astrofizika" title="Astrofizika">astrofizika</a>. </p><p>Primjenjujući <a href="/wiki/Newtonov_zakon_gravitacije" title="Newtonov zakon gravitacije">Newtonov zakon gravitacije</a>, francuski matematičari i astronomi naglo su razvili nebesku mehaniku. Uporaba dalekozora omogućila je nova saznanja o planetima, otkrivena su i nova, dotad nepoznata nebeska tijela. U 18. stoljeću <a href="/wiki/Edmond_Halley" title="Edmond Halley">Edmond Halley</a> je otkrio vlastito gibanje <a href="/wiki/Zvijezda" title="Zvijezda">zvijezda</a>, a <a href="/wiki/James_Bradley" title="James Bradley">James Bradley</a> pojavu <a href="/wiki/Aberacija_svjetlosti" title="Aberacija svjetlosti">aberacija svjetlosti</a> i <a href="/wiki/Nutacija" title="Nutacija">nutacije</a>. Istraživanja <a href="/wiki/William_Herschel" title="William Herschel">Williama Herschela</a> dala su prve znanstvene slike o ustroju zvjezdanog sustava. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Friedrich_Wilhelm_Bessel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel (stranica ne postoji)">Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel</a> je 1838. prvi izmjerio daljinu zvijezde (broj 61 u <a href="/wiki/Labud_(zvije%C5%BE%C4%91e)" title="Labud (zviježđe)">Labudu</a>), što je proširilo granice dotadašnjega "svijeta". Oko polovice 19. stoljeća počeo je razvoj spektralne analize i fotometrije, to jest astrofizike. S pomoću <a href="/wiki/Dopplerov_efekt" title="Dopplerov efekt">Dopplerova učinka</a> mjere se brzine kretanja zvijezda i <a href="/wiki/Galaktika" title="Galaktika">galaktika</a>, njihove rotacije, a položaji i jačine spektralnih linija govore ne samo o kemijskom sastavu svemirskih tijela nego i o <a href="/wiki/Temperatura" title="Temperatura">temperaturama</a>, veličini, <a href="/wiki/Tlak" title="Tlak">tlaku</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ionizacija" class="mw-redirect" title="Ionizacija">ionizaciji</a> i <a href="/wiki/Elektri%C4%8Dno_polje" title="Električno polje">električnim poljima</a> na zvijezdama i u <a href="/wiki/Me%C4%91uzvjezdana_tvar" title="Međuzvjezdana tvar">međuzvjezdanim prostorima</a>. <a href="/wiki/Fotometrija" title="Fotometrija">Fotometrija</a> zajedno sa <a href="/wiki/Statistika" title="Statistika">statistikom</a> otkriva <a href="/wiki/Tamna_tvar" title="Tamna tvar">tamnu tvar</a> među zvijezdama i dolazi do spoznaja o spiralnoj strukturi našega sustava <a href="/wiki/Mlije%C4%8Dni_put" title="Mliječni put">Mliječnog puta</a>. </p><p>U 20. stoljeću opet se proširio doseg "svijeta" mjerenjem udaljenih <a href="/wiki/Galaktika" title="Galaktika">galaktika</a> i njihovih <a href="/wiki/Brzina" title="Brzina">brzina</a>. Najudaljeniji poznati kozmički objekti su danas od nas daleko više od 10 milijardi <a href="/wiki/Svjetlosna_godina" title="Svjetlosna godina">godina svjetlosti</a>. Sva ta otkrića temelje se na astrofizičkim instrumentima: <a href="/wiki/Spektrometar" title="Spektrometar">spektrometrima</a>, fotometrima, <a href="/wiki/Dugobazi%C4%8Dna_interferometrija" title="Dugobazična interferometrija">interferometrima</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fotografija" title="Fotografija">fotografskim aparatima</a> i fotoelektričnim uređajima, zajedno s refraktorima i reflektorima velikih modernih <a href="/wiki/Zvjezdarnica" title="Zvjezdarnica">zvjezdarnica</a>. Na kraju je došla i primjena <a href="/wiki/Radar" title="Radar">radarske</a> tehnike i radiotehnike, koje stvaraju novo područje <a href="/wiki/Radio_astronomija" title="Radio astronomija">radio astronomije</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Grane_astronomije">Grane astronomije</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astronomija&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Uredi odlomak: Grane astronomije" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astronomija&action=edit&section=2" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Grane astronomije"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Podjela_prema_predmetu_promatranja">Podjela prema predmetu promatranja</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astronomija&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Uredi odlomak: Podjela prema predmetu promatranja" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astronomija&action=edit&section=3" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Podjela prema predmetu promatranja"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astrobiologija" title="Astrobiologija">Astrobiologija</a> proučava nastanak i evoluciju bioloških sustava u svemiru.</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astrognozija" title="Astrognozija">Astrognozija</a> je grana astronomije koja se bavi vještinom prepoznavanjem zviježđa i nebeskih objekata na nebu.</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astrofizika" title="Astrofizika">Astrofizika</a> s <a href="/wiki/Kozmologija" title="Kozmologija">kozmologijom</a> se bavi proučavanjem fizike <a href="/wiki/Svemir" title="Svemir">svemira</a>, uključujući <a href="/wiki/Luminozitet" class="mw-redirect" title="Luminozitet">luminozitet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gusto%C4%87a" title="Gustoća">gustoću</a>, <a href="/wiki/Temperatura" title="Temperatura">temperaturu</a> i <a href="/wiki/Kemijski_spojevi" title="Kemijski spojevi">kemijski sastav</a> zvijezda, nastanak i evoluciju <a href="/wiki/Galaksija" class="mw-redirect" title="Galaksija">galaksija</a>, svojstva međuzvjezdanog prostora, svojstva <a href="/wiki/Crna_rupa" title="Crna rupa">crnih rupa</a> i drugih pojava na nebu.</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astrometrija" title="Astrometrija">Astrometrija</a> i <a href="/wiki/Sferna_astronomija" title="Sferna astronomija">sferna astronomija</a> se bavi proučavanjem putanja nebeskih tijela u svemiru i njihovim promjenama, određuje <a href="/wiki/Koordinatni_sustav" title="Koordinatni sustav">koordinatne sustave</a> i proučava <a href="/wiki/Kinematika" title="Kinematika">kinematiku</a> <a href="/wiki/Nebesko_tijelo" class="mw-redirect" title="Nebesko tijelo">nebeskih tijela</a>.</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kozmologija" title="Kozmologija">Kozmologija</a> proučava porijeklo i razvoj svemira kao cjeline;</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Galakti%C4%8Dka_astronomija" title="Galaktička astronomija">Galaktička astronomija</a> bavi se proučavanjem strukture i dijelova naše galaktike - <a href="/wiki/Mlije%C4%8Dna_staza" class="mw-redirect" title="Mliječna staza">Mliječne staze</a>;</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Galakti%C4%8Dka_formacija_i_evolucija" title="Galaktička formacija i evolucija">Galaktička formacija i evolucija</a> proučava formiranje zvjezdanih sustava (galaksija) i njihov razvoj;</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Izvangalakti%C4%8Dka_astronomija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Izvangalaktička astronomija (stranica ne postoji)">Izvangalaktička astronomija</a> bavi se proučavanjem tijela izvan Mliječne staze;</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nebeska_mehanika" title="Nebeska mehanika">Nebeska mehanika</a> proučava gibanje nebeskih tijela pod djelovanjem <a href="/wiki/Sila" title="Sila">sile</a>, te stanje ravnoteže samih tijela;</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Planetologija" title="Planetologija">Planetarne znanosti</a> proučavaju <a href="/wiki/Planet" title="Planet">planete</a> <a href="/wiki/Sun%C4%8Dev_sustav" title="Sunčev sustav">Sunčevog sustava</a>;</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stelarna_astronomija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stelarna astronomija (stranica ne postoji)">Stelarna astronomija</a> proučava <a href="/wiki/Zvijezda" title="Zvijezda">zvijezde</a>;</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stelarna_evolucija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stelarna evolucija (stranica ne postoji)">Stelarna evolucija</a> proučava razvoj zvijezde od njezina stvaranja do svršetka;</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stelarna_statistika&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stelarna statistika (stranica ne postoji)">Stelarna statistika</a> istražuje <a href="/wiki/Statistika" title="Statistika">statističkim metodama</a> prostorne i vremenske raspodjele svemirskih tijela i njihovih <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gibanja&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gibanja (stranica ne postoji)">gibanja</a>, bilo da je riječ o zvijezdama ili nekim drugim objektima u galaktikama, ili pak o bilo kojim drugim objektima u nekom dijelu svemira. Polazište je statistike velik broj tijela; u jednoj galaktici ima oko 10<sup>11</sup> zvijezda, a galaktikâ u svemiru ima i više od 10<sup>11</sup>. Potanko su ispitivani samo malobrojni primjerci; na temelju tipičnih uzoraka izvode se općenitiji zaključci. Izvori statistike pretežno su katalozi zvijezda, galaktika, odnosno odabranih objekata s obzirom na neka njihova svojstva. Statistički rezultat daje predodžbu o građi i obliku neke vrste tijela te o njihovu okupljanju.</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Teorijska_astronomija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teorijska astronomija (stranica ne postoji)">Teorijska astronomija</a> koristi se podatcima astrometrije i nebeske mehanike te povezuje položaj tijelâ na <a href="/wiki/Nebeska_sfera" title="Nebeska sfera">nebeskoj sferi</a> s njihovim mehaničkim svojstvima, da bi se iz opažanja odredile prave staze tijela, ili obratno, iz pravih staza proračunali prividni položaji tijela (<a href="/wiki/Efemeride" title="Efemeride">efemeride</a>).</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zvjezdana_formacija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zvjezdana formacija (stranica ne postoji)">Zvjezdana formacija</a> proučava uvjete i sile koje djeluju u unutrašnjosti oblaka plina i dovode do stvaranja <a href="/wiki/Zvijezda" title="Zvijezda">zvijezde</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Podjela_prema_načinu_istraživanja"><span id="Podjela_prema_na.C4.8Dinu_istra.C5.BEivanja"></span>Podjela prema načinu istraživanja</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astronomija&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Uredi odlomak: Podjela prema načinu istraživanja" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astronomija&action=edit&section=4" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Podjela prema načinu istraživanja"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Aerial_View_of_the_VLTI_with_Tunnels_Superimposed.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Aerial_View_of_the_VLTI_with_Tunnels_Superimposed.jpg/250px-Aerial_View_of_the_VLTI_with_Tunnels_Superimposed.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Aerial_View_of_the_VLTI_with_Tunnels_Superimposed.jpg/375px-Aerial_View_of_the_VLTI_with_Tunnels_Superimposed.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Aerial_View_of_the_VLTI_with_Tunnels_Superimposed.jpg/500px-Aerial_View_of_the_VLTI_with_Tunnels_Superimposed.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="1929" /></a><figcaption>Najveći <a href="/wiki/Teleskop" title="Teleskop">teleskop</a> na svijetu je europski <a href="/wiki/Vrlo_veliki_teleskop" title="Vrlo veliki teleskop">Vrlo veliki teleskop</a> (VLT) u <a href="/wiki/%C4%8Cile" title="Čile">Čileu</a>. Čine ga četiri 8,2 m teleskopa.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:The_MAGIC_Telescope_at_night.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/The_MAGIC_Telescope_at_night.jpg/250px-The_MAGIC_Telescope_at_night.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/The_MAGIC_Telescope_at_night.jpg/375px-The_MAGIC_Telescope_at_night.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/The_MAGIC_Telescope_at_night.jpg/500px-The_MAGIC_Telescope_at_night.jpg 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="512" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Teleskop_MAGIC" title="Teleskop MAGIC">Teleskop MAGIC</a> za maglovitog dana. Vide se <a href="/wiki/Laser" title="Laser">laserske</a> referentne zrake, koje mjere geometriju aktivne površine reflektora.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:USA.NM.VeryLargeArray.02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/USA.NM.VeryLargeArray.02.jpg/250px-USA.NM.VeryLargeArray.02.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/USA.NM.VeryLargeArray.02.jpg/375px-USA.NM.VeryLargeArray.02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/USA.NM.VeryLargeArray.02.jpg/500px-USA.NM.VeryLargeArray.02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption><i>Very Large Array</i>, puno malih teleskopa se povezuje <a href="/wiki/Dugobazi%C4%8Dna_interferometrija" title="Dugobazična interferometrija">radio interferometrijom</a> u veliki teleskop.</figcaption></figure> <p>Danas se astronomski podaci najvećim dijelom dobivaju analizom <a href="/wiki/Elektromagnetski_val" class="mw-redirect" title="Elektromagnetski val">elektromagnetskih valova</a> ali i subatomskih čestica (<a href="/wiki/Elektron" title="Elektron">elektrona</a>, <a href="/wiki/Proton" title="Proton">protona</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neutrino" title="Neutrino">neutrina</a>). U bliskoj budućnosti očekuje se i proučavanje <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gravitacijski_val&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gravitacijski val (stranica ne postoji)">gravitacijskih valova</a>. Astronomiju tradicionalno dijelimo prema promatranom dijelu elektromagnetskog spektra: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Opti%C4%8Dka_astronomija" title="Optička astronomija">Optička astronomija</a>: astronomija u dijelu elektromagnetskog spektra vidljivog ljudskim okom (valne duljine 400 nm - 800 nm).</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Infracrvena_astronomija" title="Infracrvena astronomija">Infracrvena astronomija</a>: astronomija u infracrvenom dijelu elektromagnetskog spektra (valne duljine 700 nm - 1 mm) .</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Radio_astronomija" title="Radio astronomija">Radio astronomija</a>: astronomija koja koristi instrumente slične radio/televizijskim antenama za istraživanje u području elektromagnetskih valova centimetarske i milimetarske duljine (valne duljine 30 cm - 1 mm).</li></ul> <ul><li>Astronomija u području <a href="/w/index.php?title=Visokoenergijska_astronomija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Visokoenergijska astronomija (stranica ne postoji)">visokih energija</a> ili astronomija u rendgenskom (X), ultraljubičastom i gama elektromagnetskom spektru: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rendgenska_astronomija" title="Rendgenska astronomija">Rendgenska astronomija</a> - (valne duljine 5 pm - 10 nm)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultraljubi%C4%8Dasta_astronomija" title="Ultraljubičasta astronomija">Ultraljubičasta astronomija</a> - (valne duljine 380 nm - 10 nm}</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gama_astronomija" title="Gama astronomija">Gama astronomija</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>Astronomija u području zračenja drugih <a href="/wiki/Subatomska_%C4%8Destica" title="Subatomska čestica">subatomskih čestica</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neutrino_astronomija" class="mw-redirect" title="Neutrino astronomija">Neutrino astronomija</a></li> <li>Astronomija gravitacijskih valova je u začetku.</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>Izvanzemaljska ili ekstraterestrička astronomija provodi istraživanja <a href="/wiki/Svemirske_letjelice" title="Svemirske letjelice">svemirskim letjelicama</a> izvan atmosfere; neka se zračenja inače ne bi mogla primijetiti. <a href="/wiki/Teleskop" title="Teleskop">Teleskopi</a> za rendgensko i gama zračenje šalju se izvan atmosfere, a infracrveno ili <a href="/wiki/Toplinsko_zra%C4%8Denje" title="Toplinsko zračenje">toplinsko zračenje</a> opaža se barem s visokih planina. Ono pristiže iz međuzvjezdanog prostora (od zrnaca praha i molekularnih oblaka), iz bliske okoline zvijezda, te posebno od zvijezda u nastajanju. <a href="/wiki/Rendgensko_zra%C4%8Denje" class="mw-redirect" title="Rendgensko zračenje">Rendgensko zračenje</a> pristiže s cijeloga neba i iz posebnih izvora, kao što su <a href="/wiki/Dvojne_zvijezde" class="mw-redirect" title="Dvojne zvijezde">dvojne zvijezde</a>, ostatci supernovih zvijezda, središta skupova galaktika te aktivnih galaktika i oslikava procese u kojima se oslobađaju velike energije. Najslabije su upoznati izvori gama zračenja koje pristiže iz površina oko središta ravnine galaktike, te iz pojedinačnih izvora. Vjerojatno se, kao i kod rendgenskog zračenja, radi o vrlo velikim energetskim pretvorbama, pa i o pojavama crnih rupa.</li></ul> <ul><li>Relativistička astrofizika dio je astronomije koja obrađuje svemirsku tvar vrlo velikih energija, brzina i gustoća, a što se javlja primjerice u <a href="/wiki/Bijeli_patuljak" title="Bijeli patuljak">bijelih patuljaka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neutronska_zvijezda" title="Neutronska zvijezda">neutronskih zvijezda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crna_rupa" title="Crna rupa">crnih rupa</a>, vrlo aktivnih <a href="/wiki/Galaktika" title="Galaktika">galaktika</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kvazar" title="Kvazar">kvazari</a>; radiogalaktike), a također i u ranim stadijima svemira.</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Planetologija" title="Planetologija">Planetologija</a> obuhvaća složena fizička, kemijska, geološka i druga istraživanja planeta, interdisciplinarna je i postupno se oblikuje kao posebna prirodoznanstvena grana.</li></ul> <p>Dok se u <a href="/wiki/Opti%C4%8Dka_astronomija" title="Optička astronomija">optičkoj</a> i <a href="/wiki/Radio_astronomija" title="Radio astronomija">radio astronomiji</a> opažanja mogu vršiti s površine Zemlje, astronomija u području visokih energija je primjenjiva jedino iz svemira ili visokih slojeva atmosfere korištenjem <a href="/wiki/Zrakoplov" title="Zrakoplov">zrakoplova</a> ili <a href="/wiki/Balon" title="Balon">balona</a>. Razlog tome je nepropusnost atmosfere za <a href="/wiki/Elektromagnetski_valovi" class="mw-redirect" title="Elektromagnetski valovi">elektromagnetske valove</a> kratkih <a href="/wiki/Valna_duljina" title="Valna duljina">valnih duljina</a>. Slično tome, <a href="/wiki/Infracrveno_zra%C4%8Denje" title="Infracrveno zračenje">infracrveno zračenje</a> koji dolazi iz svemira apsorbira <a href="/wiki/Vodena_para" title="Vodena para">vodena para</a> u atmosferi pa se opažanja provode sa suhih mjesta, visokih planinskih vrhova ili iz svemira. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Sjevernjaca2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/hr/thumb/8/82/Sjevernjaca2.jpg/250px-Sjevernjaca2.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/hr/thumb/8/82/Sjevernjaca2.jpg/375px-Sjevernjaca2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/hr/thumb/8/82/Sjevernjaca2.jpg/500px-Sjevernjaca2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="599" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sjevernja%C4%8Da" title="Sjevernjača">Sjevernjača</a> se pronalazi na nebu tako da se prvo pronađe <a href="/wiki/Veliki_medvjed" title="Veliki medvjed">Veliki medvjed</a>, koji ima oblik velikih kola (7 <a href="/wiki/Zvijezda" title="Zvijezda">zvijezda</a>) i zatim se od stražnjih dviju zvijezda produži linija (otprilike 5 dužina) u smjeru koji vodi k Sjevernjači u <a href="/wiki/Mali_medvjed" title="Mali medvjed">Malom medvjedu</a>.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Astrognozija">Astrognozija</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astronomija&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Uredi odlomak: Astrognozija" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astronomija&action=edit&section=5" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Astrognozija"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="margin-left:0.3rem"><i><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7016135"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Vista-xmag.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/18px-Vista-xmag.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/27px-Vista-xmag.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/36px-Vista-xmag.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> Podrobniji članak o temi: <a href="/wiki/Astrognozija" title="Astrognozija">Astrognozija</a></div></i></div> <p><b>Astrognozija</b> (od <a href="/wiki/Starogr%C4%8Dki_jezik" title="Starogrčki jezik">starogrč.</a> <i>ἀστήρ</i>: zvijezda i <i>γνῶσις</i>: znanje), grana astronomije koja se bavi prepoznavanjem <a href="/wiki/Zvijezda" title="Zvijezda">zvijezda</a> i <a href="/wiki/Zvije%C5%BE%C4%91e" title="Zviježđe">zviježđa</a> te drugih <a href="/wiki/Nebesko_tijelo" class="mw-redirect" title="Nebesko tijelo">nebeskih tijela</a> na nebu, orijentacijom s pomoću <a href="/wiki/Zvijezda" title="Zvijezda">zvijezda</a>, a i vještina u uočavanju odabranih tijela (<a href="/wiki/Dvojna_zvijezda" title="Dvojna zvijezda">dvojnih zvijezda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maglica" title="Maglica">maglica</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zvjezdana_skupina" title="Zvjezdana skupina">zvjezdanih skupina</a> i drugog). Bez prepoznavanja geometrijskog rasporeda zvijezda i jačine njihove <a href="/wiki/Svjetlost" title="Svjetlost">svjetlosti</a> nemoguće je <a href="/wiki/Orijentacija" title="Orijentacija">orijentirati</a> se i otkriti išta novo na nebu, primjerice <a href="/wiki/Komet" title="Komet">komet</a> ili <a href="/wiki/Supernova" title="Supernova">novu zvijezdu</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zemljina_putanja">Zemljina putanja</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astronomija&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Uredi odlomak: Zemljina putanja" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astronomija&action=edit&section=6" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Zemljina putanja"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="margin-left:0.3rem"><i><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7016135"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Vista-xmag.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/18px-Vista-xmag.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/27px-Vista-xmag.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/36px-Vista-xmag.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> Podrobniji članak o temi: <a href="/wiki/Zemljina_putanja" title="Zemljina putanja">Zemljina putanja</a></div></i></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Four_season_croatian_infotext.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Four_season_croatian_infotext.svg/250px-Four_season_croatian_infotext.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Four_season_croatian_infotext.svg/375px-Four_season_croatian_infotext.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Four_season_croatian_infotext.svg/500px-Four_season_croatian_infotext.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1274" data-file-height="780" /></a><figcaption>Prikaz položaja <a href="/wiki/Zemlja" title="Zemlja">Zemlje</a> i <a href="/wiki/Sunce" title="Sunce">Sunca</a> za 4 <a href="/wiki/Godi%C5%A1nja_doba" title="Godišnja doba">godišnja doba</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Zemljina putanja</b> u <a class="mw-selflink selflink">astronomiji</a> predstavlja <a href="/wiki/Planetarna_putanja" title="Planetarna putanja">planetarnu putanju</a> (orbitu) <a href="/wiki/Zemlja" title="Zemlja">Zemlje</a> kojom obilazi <a href="/wiki/Sunce" title="Sunce">Sunce</a>, na udaljenosti od jedne <a href="/wiki/Astronomska_jedinica" title="Astronomska jedinica">astronomske jedinice</a> (<a href="/wiki/AJ" class="mw-redirect" title="AJ">AJ</a>) ili 149 597 870 691 ± 30 <a href="/wiki/Metar" title="Metar">metara</a>, što predstavlja približno 150 milijuna <a href="/wiki/Kilometar" class="mw-redirect" title="Kilometar">kilometara</a>. <a href="/wiki/Perihel" title="Perihel">Perihel</a> Zemlje je najbliža točka Zemljine putanje do Sunčeva središta, smještena na kraju velike osi <a href="/wiki/Elipsa" title="Elipsa">elipse</a> kojom se Zemlja giba relativno prema Suncu, a Zemlja prolazi kroz perihel svake godine početkom siječnja (u zadnje vrijeme 3. siječnja) i iznosi 147 098 291 <a href="/wiki/Kilometar" class="mw-redirect" title="Kilometar">km</a>. <a href="/wiki/Afel" title="Afel">Afel</a> Zemlje je najudaljenija točka putanje Zemlje do Sunčeva središta, a Zemlja prolazi kroz afel početkom srpnja (u zadnje vrijeme 4. srpnja) i iznosi 152 098 233 km. Orbitalna <a href="/wiki/Brzina" title="Brzina">brzina</a> Zemlje je 30 km/<a href="/wiki/Sekunda" title="Sekunda">s</a> (108 000 km/<a href="/wiki/Sat" title="Sat">h</a>) što znači da pređe udaljenost Zemljinog promjera (oko 12 700 km) za 7 <a href="/wiki/Minuta" title="Minuta">minuta</a> ili udaljenost do Mjeseca (oko 384 000 km) za 4 sata. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Godina" title="Godina">Godina</a> je vrijeme potrebno da Zemlja obiđe oko Sunca. Prema referentnoj točki u odnosu na koju se određuje puni obilazak Zemlje oko Sunca određeno je nekoliko godina ponešto različite duljine trajanja: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zvjezdana_godina" title="Zvjezdana godina">zvjezdana ili siderička godina</a> (365 d 6 h 9 min 9,76 s = 365,256363 d) je vrijeme obilaska Zemlje oko Sunca s obzirom na sustav dalekih <a href="/wiki/Zvijezda" title="Zvijezda">zvijezda</a>;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tropska_godina" title="Tropska godina">tropska ili Sunčeva godina</a> (365 d 5 h 48 min 46 s = 365,242189 d) je vrijeme između dvaju uzastopnih prolazaka Sunca <a href="/wiki/Proljetna_to%C4%8Dka" title="Proljetna točka">proljetnom točkom</a>;</li> <li>anomalistička godina (365 d 6 h 13 min 52,6 s = 365,259636 d) je vrijeme potrebno da Zemlja ponovno prođe kroz istu točku na svojoj putanji (kroz perihel);</li> <li>eklipsna ili drakonistička godina (346 d 14 h 52 min 54 s = 346,620075 d) je vrijeme između dvaju uzastopnih prolazaka Sunca istim uzlaznim <a href="/wiki/Mjese%C4%8Devi_%C4%8Dvorovi" title="Mjesečevi čvorovi">čvorom Mjesečeve</a> putanje.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Zvjezdana godina važna je u mehanici gibanja planeta, dok je tropska godina razdoblje u kojem se godišnja doba izmijene i zato je važna za svakodnevni život; njihova razlika uzrokovana je <a href="/wiki/Precesija" title="Precesija">precesijom Zemlje</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nebeska_mehanika">Nebeska mehanika</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astronomija&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Uredi odlomak: Nebeska mehanika" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astronomija&action=edit&section=7" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Nebeska mehanika"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="margin-left:0.3rem"><i><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7016135"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Vista-xmag.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/18px-Vista-xmag.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/27px-Vista-xmag.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/36px-Vista-xmag.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> Podrobniji članak o temi: <a href="/wiki/Nebeska_mehanika" title="Nebeska mehanika">Nebeska mehanika</a></div></i></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:NewtonsLawOfUniversalGravitation.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/NewtonsLawOfUniversalGravitation.svg/250px-NewtonsLawOfUniversalGravitation.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/NewtonsLawOfUniversalGravitation.svg/375px-NewtonsLawOfUniversalGravitation.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/NewtonsLawOfUniversalGravitation.svg/500px-NewtonsLawOfUniversalGravitation.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="250" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Newtonov_zakon_gravitacije" title="Newtonov zakon gravitacije">Newtonov zakon gravitacije</a>: dva tijela se privlače uzajamno <a href="/wiki/Sila" title="Sila">silom</a> koja je proporcionalna (u skladu) <a href="/wiki/Mno%C5%BEenje" title="Množenje">umnošku</a> njihovih <a href="/wiki/Masa" title="Masa">masa</a>, a obrnuto proporcionalna <a href="/wiki/Kvadrat_(aritmetika)" title="Kvadrat (aritmetika)">kvadratu</a> njihove međusobne udaljenosti.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Nebeska mehanika</b> je grana <a class="mw-selflink selflink">astronomije</a> koja proučava gibanje <a href="/wiki/Nebesko_tijelo" class="mw-redirect" title="Nebesko tijelo">nebeskih tijela</a> pod djelovanjem <a href="/wiki/Sila" title="Sila">sile</a>, te stanje ravnoteže samih tijela. U užem smislu, to je primjena <a href="/wiki/Klasi%C4%8Dna_mehanika" title="Klasična mehanika">klasične mehanike</a>, a osim <a href="/wiki/Newtonov_zakon_gravitacije" title="Newtonov zakon gravitacije">gravitacijske sile</a> uključuje tlak elektromagnetskog zračenja, elektromagnetske sile i otpor atmosfere u kojoj se gibaju umjetni sateliti. Izraz astrodinamika označuje primjenu nebeske mehanike na umjetne satelite i međuplanetarne letjelice, a dinamička astronomija primjenu na sva gledišta nebeske mehanike i na sva tijela u svemiru. Stelarna dinamika primjena je nebeske mehanike na gibanje zvijezda u galaktici.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nebeska mehanika proučava <a href="/wiki/Gravitacija" title="Gravitacija">gravitacijske sile</a>, koje su sveprisutne i djeluju na svim svemirskim prostranstvima. <a href="/wiki/Newtonov_zakon_gravitacije" title="Newtonov zakon gravitacije">Newtonov zakon gravitacije</a> tumači <a href="/wiki/Gibanje" title="Gibanje">gibanje</a> <a href="/wiki/Planet" title="Planet">planeta</a> oko <a href="/wiki/Sunce" title="Sunce">Sunca</a>, gibanje složenih sustava u svemiru do najvećih daljina, stvaranje i oblik nebeskih tijela. Pritom treba zapaziti jedno vrlo važno pravilo: znanje o osobinama drugih i dalekih nebeskih tijela stječe se jednako točnim, jednako valjanim metodama kao što su metode kojima se koristimo kad istražujemo najbliža nebeska tijela i tijela u <a href="/wiki/Laboratorij" title="Laboratorij">laboratoriju</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mjesec">Mjesec</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astronomija&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Uredi odlomak: Mjesec" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astronomija&action=edit&section=8" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Mjesec"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="margin-left:0.3rem"><i><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7016135"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Vista-xmag.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/18px-Vista-xmag.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/27px-Vista-xmag.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/36px-Vista-xmag.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> Podrobniji članak o temi: <a href="/wiki/Mjesec" title="Mjesec">Mjesec</a></div></i></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Moon_nearside_LRO.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Moon_nearside_LRO.jpg/250px-Moon_nearside_LRO.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Moon_nearside_LRO.jpg/375px-Moon_nearside_LRO.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Moon_nearside_LRO.jpg/500px-Moon_nearside_LRO.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="1400" /></a><figcaption>Bliža strana <a href="/wiki/Mjesec" title="Mjesec">Mjeseca</a> koju stalno vidimo sa Zemlje.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Mjesec</b> (<a href="/wiki/Latinski_jezik" title="Latinski jezik">lat.</a> <i>Luna</i>) je <a href="/wiki/Zemlja_(planet)" class="mw-redirect" title="Zemlja (planet)">Zemljin</a> <a href="/wiki/Prirodni_satelit" title="Prirodni satelit">prirodni satelit</a> i ujedno najbliže <a href="/wiki/Nebesko_tijelo" class="mw-redirect" title="Nebesko tijelo">nebesko tijelo</a>, udaljeno u prosjeku 384 401 <a href="/wiki/Km" class="mw-redirect" title="Km">km</a>, tako da svjetlost s Mjeseca na <a href="/wiki/Zemlja" title="Zemlja">Zemlju</a> stiže za 1,25 sekundi. Mjesec obilazi Zemlju po <a href="/wiki/Elipsa" title="Elipsa">eliptičnoj stazi</a> srednjom brzinom od 1,02 <a href="/wiki/Metar_u_sekundi" title="Metar u sekundi">km/s</a>, i prelazi dnevni luk od 13° 10". Mjesec je čvrsto nebesko tijelo promjera 3 647 km, te je po <a href="/wiki/Povr%C5%A1ina" title="Površina">površini</a> 14 puta, po <a href="/wiki/Obujam" title="Obujam">obujmu</a> 50 puta, a po <a href="/wiki/Masa" title="Masa">masi</a> 81 puta manje od Zemlje. <a href="/wiki/Ubrzanje_zemljine_sile_te%C5%BEe" class="mw-redirect" title="Ubrzanje zemljine sile teže">Ubrzanje sile teže</a> je na Mjesecu 6 puta manje nego na Zemlji. Mjesec se oko Zemlje obrne za 27 dana 7 sati 43 minute i 11.6 sekundi (<a href="/wiki/Sideri%C4%8Dki_mjesec" title="Siderički mjesec">siderički mjesec</a>). </p><p>Mjesec je najsjajnije nebesko tijelo nakon <a href="/wiki/Sunce" title="Sunce">Sunca</a>, svjetlost kojega odražava (ne stvara vlastitu <a href="/wiki/Svjetlost" title="Svjetlost">svjetlost</a> poput <a href="/wiki/Zvijezda" title="Zvijezda">zvijezda</a>). Puni Mjesec <a href="/wiki/Prividna_magnituda" title="Prividna magnituda">prividne je zvjezdane veličine</a> –12,74, <a href="/wiki/Albedo" title="Albedo">albedo</a> mu je 0,07, a <a href="/wiki/Kutni_promjer" title="Kutni promjer">kutni promjer</a> se vidi pod <a href="/wiki/Kut" title="Kut">kutom</a> od približno 0,5°. Zemlji okreće stalno istu stranu, jer se obilazak i vrtnja odvijaju u istome smjeru, a vremena obilaska i okreta jednaka su, što je posljedica Zemljina plimnog utjecaja. Staza mu je nagnuta prema ravnini <a href="/wiki/Ekliptika" title="Ekliptika">ekliptike</a> za 5° 9'. Više od polovice površine Mjeseca vidi se zbog <a href="/wiki/Libracija" title="Libracija">libracije</a> (59%). <a href="/wiki/Mjese%C4%8Deve_mijene" title="Mjesečeve mijene">Mjesečeve mijene</a> promjene su Mjesečeve osvijetljenosti tijekom <a href="/wiki/Sinodi%C4%8Dki_mjesec" title="Sinodički mjesec">sinodičkoga mjeseca</a> (mladi Mjesec ili mlađak, prva četvrt, puni Mjesec ili uštap i posljednja ili zadnja četvrt), a nastaju zbog stalne promjene Mjesečeva položaja prema Zemlji i Suncu. Kada Mjesec uđe u Zemljinu sjenu, nastaje <a href="/wiki/Pomr%C4%8Dina_Mjeseca" title="Pomrčina Mjeseca">pomrčina Mjeseca</a>, a kada dođe u spojnicu (<a href="/wiki/Mjese%C4%8Devi_%C4%8Dvorovi" title="Mjesečevi čvorovi">Mjesečevi čvorovi</a>) između Zemlje i Sunca, nastaje <a href="/wiki/Pomr%C4%8Dina_Sunca" title="Pomrčina Sunca">pomrčina Sunca</a>. Privlačne sile Mjeseca i Sunca uzrokuju na Zemlji <a href="/wiki/Morske_mijene" title="Morske mijene">morske mijene</a> (plimu i oseku). Svojom privlačnošću Mjesec utječe na Zemljinu stazu oko Sunca (<a href="/wiki/Nutacija" title="Nutacija">nutacija</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Terestrički_planeti"><span id="Terestri.C4.8Dki_planeti"></span>Terestrički planeti</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astronomija&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Uredi odlomak: Terestrički planeti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astronomija&action=edit&section=9" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Terestrički planeti"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg/250px-The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg/375px-The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg/500px-The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="3002" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Zemlja" title="Zemlja">Zemlja</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Terestrički planeti su <a href="/wiki/Planet" title="Planet">planeti</a> s čvrstom površinom, za razliku od <a href="/wiki/Plinoviti_div" title="Plinoviti div">plinovitih divova</a>. Naziv "terestrički" je nastao od latinske riječi "terra" što znači "Zemlja", pa bi se atribut "terestrički" mogao prevesti kao "Zemljoliki". Često ih se još naziva "unutarnjim planetima". Najvećim dijelom se sastoje od stijena, malog su promjera, prosječno oko 5 puta veće gustoće od vode i imaju rijetku atmosferu. Od <a href="/wiki/Plinoviti_div" title="Plinoviti div">plinovitih divova</a> su odijeljeni pojasom asteroida za koji postoji pretpostavka da predstavlja ostatke neuspjelog, neformiranog petog terestričkog planeta (pojas se nalazi između <a href="/wiki/Mars_(planet)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mars (planet)">Marsa</a> i <a href="/wiki/Jupiter_(planet)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jupiter (planet)">Jupitera</a>). </p><p>Terestrički planeti su tijekom svog stvaranja bili pod utjecajem više temperature i jače gravitacije, te su zato manji i bogati tvrđim materijalima poput silicija i željeza. Struktura sva četiri terestrička planeta našeg <a href="/wiki/Sun%C4%8Dev_sustav" title="Sunčev sustav">Sunčevog sustava</a> je slična: u njima se nalazi metalna jezgra, oko koje se nalazi silikatni omotač. Od otkrivenih <a href="/wiki/Ekstrasolarni_planeti" title="Ekstrasolarni planeti">egzoplaneta</a>, manji dio čine egzoplaneti terestričkog tipa. Mnogo veći broj otkrivenih egzoplaneta čine <a href="/wiki/Plinoviti_div" title="Plinoviti div">plinoviti divovi</a>. Terestrički planeti našeg <a href="/wiki/Sun%C4%8Dev_sustav" title="Sunčev sustav">Sunčevog sustava</a> su: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Merkur_(planet)" class="mw-redirect" title="Merkur (planet)">Merkur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venera_(planet)" class="mw-redirect" title="Venera (planet)">Venera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zemlja_(planet)" class="mw-redirect" title="Zemlja (planet)">Zemlja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_(planet)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mars (planet)">Mars</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Asteroidi_ili_planetoidi">Asteroidi ili planetoidi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astronomija&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Uredi odlomak: Asteroidi ili planetoidi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astronomija&action=edit&section=10" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Asteroidi ili planetoidi"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="margin-left:0.3rem"><i><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7016135"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Vista-xmag.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/18px-Vista-xmag.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/27px-Vista-xmag.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/36px-Vista-xmag.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> Podrobniji članak o temi: <a href="/wiki/Asteroidi" title="Asteroidi">Asteroidi</a></div></i></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Asteroidsscale.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Asteroidsscale.jpg/250px-Asteroidsscale.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Asteroidsscale.jpg/375px-Asteroidsscale.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Asteroidsscale.jpg/500px-Asteroidsscale.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Usporedba veličina <a href="/wiki/Planetoid" class="mw-redirect" title="Planetoid">planetoida</a>: <a href="/wiki/4_Vesta" title="4 Vesta">4 Vesta</a>, <a href="/wiki/21_Lutetia" class="mw-redirect" title="21 Lutetia">21 Lutetia</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=253_Mathilde&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="253 Mathilde (stranica ne postoji)">253 Mathilde</a>, <a href="/wiki/243_Ida" title="243 Ida">243 Ida</a> i njen prirodni satelit Dactyl, <a href="/wiki/433_Eros" title="433 Eros">433 Eros</a>, <a href="/wiki/951_Gaspra" title="951 Gaspra">951 Gaspra</a>, <a href="/wiki/2867_%C5%A0teins" title="2867 Šteins">2867 Šteins</a>, <a href="/wiki/25143_Itokawa" title="25143 Itokawa">25143 Itokawa</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Asteroidi</b> ili <b>planetoidi</b> su <a href="/wiki/Kamen" title="Kamen">kamena</a> ili <a href="/wiki/Metal" class="mw-redirect" title="Metal">metalna</a> <a href="/wiki/Nebesko_tijelo" class="mw-redirect" title="Nebesko tijelo">nebeska tijela</a> <a href="/wiki/Promjer" title="Promjer">promjera</a> većeg od 1 <a href="/wiki/Metar" title="Metar">metar</a>, koji samostalno ili u skupini sličnih tijela obilaze oko <a href="/wiki/Sunce" title="Sunce">Sunca</a>. Većina planetoida obilazi Sunce u glavnom planetoidnom pojasu (<a href="/wiki/Asteroidni_pojas" title="Asteroidni pojas">asteroidni pojas</a>) između <a href="/wiki/Mars" title="Mars">Marsa</a> i <a href="/wiki/Jupiter" title="Jupiter">Jupitera</a>, dio prilazi Suncu bliže od Marsa (<a href="/wiki/Amori" title="Amori">Amori</a>) i Zemlje (<a href="/wiki/Skupina_Apollo" class="mw-redirect" title="Skupina Apollo">Apoloni</a>) i nazivaju se <a href="/wiki/Zemlji_bliski_asteroidi" title="Zemlji bliski asteroidi">Zemlji bliski asteroidi</a>, dio se giba u putanji Jupitera ili drugih planeta (<a href="/wiki/Trojanci_(astronomija)" title="Trojanci (astronomija)">Trojanci</a>). U usporedbi s <a href="/wiki/Planet" title="Planet">planetima</a> mnogo su manji i najčešće nepravilnog oblika. Nastali su od ostataka protoplanetarne tvari koja se nije pripojila planetima za vrijeme stvaranja sustava iz <a href="/wiki/Protoplanetarni_disk" class="mw-redirect" title="Protoplanetarni disk">protoplanetarnog diska</a>. Najčešće kruže oko matične zvijezde vlastitom putanjom ili kao <a href="/wiki/Prirodni_satelit" title="Prirodni satelit">prirodni sateliti</a> (mjeseci) većih planeta. Neke od njih nalazimo vezane <a href="/wiki/Gravitacija" title="Gravitacija">gravitacijskim</a> silama uz planete, u grupama koje orbitiraju u putanji planeta, ispred ili iza. Iako se donedavno mislilo drukčije, otkriveno je da asteroidi mogu imati vlastite mjesece kada je u orbiti oko asteroida <a href="/wiki/243_Ida" title="243 Ida">243 Ida</a> pronađen satelit nazvan <a href="/w/index.php?title=243_(1)_Dactyl&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="243 (1) Dactyl (stranica ne postoji)">Dactyl</a>. Do sada ih je otkriveno blizu 80 000, a oko 11 000 ih je dobilo službena imena - redni broj i ime. Procjenjuje se da bi ih u našem sustavu moglo biti nekoliko milijuna. </p><p>Prema <a href="/wiki/Spektar_(fizika)" title="Spektar (fizika)">spektralnoj</a> analizi odrazne <a href="/wiki/Svjetlost" title="Svjetlost">svjetlosti</a> planetoidi se mogu podijeliti na <a href="/wiki/Ugljik" title="Ugljik">ugljikove</a> (C), kojih je oko 75% i sadrže tamne ugljikove spojeve, <a href="/wiki/Metal" class="mw-redirect" title="Metal">metalne</a> (M), kojih je oko 8%, i <a href="/wiki/Silikati" title="Silikati">silikatne</a> (S), kojih je oko 17%. U Hrvatskoj, u <a href="/wiki/Zvjezdarnica_Vi%C5%A1njan" title="Zvjezdarnica Višnjan">Zvjezdarnici Višnjan</a>, otkriveno je nekoliko tisuća planetoida. <a href="/wiki/Teleskop" title="Teleskop">Teleskopom</a> se ni najvećemu planetoidu ne vidi tijelo, pa im se promjeri mjere posredno, prilikom <a href="/wiki/Okultacija" title="Okultacija">okultacija</a> <a href="/wiki/Zvijezda" title="Zvijezda">zvijezda</a> ili iz sjaja uz procijenjeni <a href="/wiki/Albedo" title="Albedo">albedo</a>. S pomoću <a href="/wiki/Svemirska_letjelica" class="mw-redirect" title="Svemirska letjelica">svemirskih letjelica</a> snimljeni su <a href="/wiki/433_Eros" title="433 Eros">433 Eros</a>, <a href="/wiki/951_Gaspra" title="951 Gaspra">951 Gaspra</a>, <a href="/wiki/243_Ida" title="243 Ida">243 Ida</a>, <a href="/wiki/25143_Itokawa" title="25143 Itokawa">25143 Itokawa</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=253_Mathilde&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="253 Mathilde (stranica ne postoji)">253 Mathilde</a> i drugi. <a href="/wiki/Trans-neptunski_objekt" title="Trans-neptunski objekt">Trans-neptunski objekti</a> ili nebeska tijela koja su dalja od <a href="/wiki/Neptun" title="Neptun">Neptuna</a> obično se ne smatraju planetoidima.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Jovijanski_planeti">Jovijanski planeti</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astronomija&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Uredi odlomak: Jovijanski planeti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astronomija&action=edit&section=11" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Jovijanski planeti"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Gas_giants_in_the_solar_system.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Gas_giants_in_the_solar_system.jpg/250px-Gas_giants_in_the_solar_system.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="322" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Gas_giants_in_the_solar_system.jpg/375px-Gas_giants_in_the_solar_system.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Gas_giants_in_the_solar_system.jpg/500px-Gas_giants_in_the_solar_system.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2075" data-file-height="2674" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Jovijanski_planeti" title="Jovijanski planeti">Jovijanski planeti</a>. Od vrha prema dolje: <a href="/wiki/Neptun_(planet)" class="mw-redirect" title="Neptun (planet)">Neptun</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uran_(planet)" class="mw-redirect" title="Uran (planet)">Uran</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saturn_(planet)" class="mw-redirect" title="Saturn (planet)">Saturn</a> i <a href="/wiki/Jupiter_(planet)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jupiter (planet)">Jupiter</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>U <a href="/wiki/Sun%C4%8Dev_sustav" title="Sunčev sustav">Sunčevom sustavu</a> se nalaze 4 <a href="/wiki/Plinoviti_div" title="Plinoviti div">plinovita diva</a> koji se zajednički nazivaju <b>jovijanskim planetima</b>. To su <a href="/wiki/Jupiter_(planet)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jupiter (planet)">Jupiter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saturn_(planet)" class="mw-redirect" title="Saturn (planet)">Saturn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uran_(planet)" class="mw-redirect" title="Uran (planet)">Uran</a> i <a href="/wiki/Neptun_(planet)" class="mw-redirect" title="Neptun (planet)">Neptun</a>. Ova se 4 planeta često nazivaju i <a href="/wiki/Jovijanski_planeti" title="Jovijanski planeti">Jovijanski planeti</a>. Znanstvenici često planete Uran i Neptun svrstavaju u posebnu podklasu planeta - ledene divove ili uranske planete, zbog činjenice da su sastavljeni uglavnom od <a href="/wiki/Led" title="Led">leda</a> i <a href="/wiki/Stijena" title="Stijena">stijenja</a> te plina, za razliku od "klasičnih" plinovitih divova kao što su Jupiter i Saturn. Uran i Neptun imaju mnogo manji udio <a href="/wiki/Vodik" title="Vodik">vodika</a> i <a href="/wiki/Helij" title="Helij">helija</a> zbog njihove veće udaljenosti od <a href="/wiki/Sunce" title="Sunce">Sunca</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Astronomska_pomagala">Astronomska pomagala</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astronomija&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Uredi odlomak: Astronomska pomagala" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astronomija&action=edit&section=12" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Astronomska pomagala"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="margin-left:0.3rem"><i><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7016135"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Vista-xmag.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/18px-Vista-xmag.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/27px-Vista-xmag.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/36px-Vista-xmag.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> Podrobniji članak o temi: <a href="/wiki/Astronomski_instrumenti" title="Astronomski instrumenti">Astronomski instrumenti</a></div></i></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Teleskop" title="Teleskop">Teleskop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ra%C4%8Dunalo" title="Računalo">Računalo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zvjezdane_karte&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zvjezdane karte (stranica ne postoji)">Zvjezdane karte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrofotografija" title="Astrofotografija">Astrofotografija</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opservatorij" title="Opservatorij">Opservatorij</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_teleskop" class="mw-redirect" title="Radio teleskop">Radio teleskop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dugobazi%C4%8Dna_interferometrija" title="Dugobazična interferometrija">Interferometar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spektroskop" title="Spektroskop">Spektroskop</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Poznati_astronomi">Poznati astronomi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astronomija&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Uredi odlomak: Poznati astronomi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astronomija&action=edit&section=13" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Poznati astronomi"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:GodfreyKneller-IsaacNewton-1689.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/GodfreyKneller-IsaacNewton-1689.jpg/250px-GodfreyKneller-IsaacNewton-1689.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="351" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/GodfreyKneller-IsaacNewton-1689.jpg/375px-GodfreyKneller-IsaacNewton-1689.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/GodfreyKneller-IsaacNewton-1689.jpg/500px-GodfreyKneller-IsaacNewton-1689.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1364" data-file-height="1916" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Newton" title="Isaac Newton">Isaac Newton</a> (1642. – 1728.)</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tycho_Brache" class="mw-redirect" title="Tycho Brache">Tycho Brache</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ru%C4%91er_Bo%C5%A1kovi%C4%87" title="Ruđer Bošković">Ruđer Bošković</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabrijel_Divjanovi%C4%87" title="Gabrijel Divjanović">Gabrijel Divjanović</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Farghani" title="Al-Farghani">al-Farghani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galileo_Galilei" title="Galileo Galilei">Galileo Galilei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmond_Halley" title="Edmond Halley">Edmond Halley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Herschel" class="mw-redirect" title="Wilhelm Herschel">Wilhelm Herschel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_Hubble" title="Edwin Hubble">Edwin Hubble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Kepler" title="Johannes Kepler">Johannes Kepler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Sagan" title="Carl Sagan">Carl Sagan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikola_Kopernik" title="Nikola Kopernik">Nikola Kopernik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korado_Korlevi%C4%87" title="Korado Korlević">Korado Korlević</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oton_Ku%C4%8Dera" title="Oton Kučera">Oton Kučera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre-Simon_Laplace" title="Pierre-Simon Laplace">Pierre-Simon Laplace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milutin_Milankovi%C4%87" title="Milutin Milanković">Milutin Milanković</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Newton" title="Isaac Newton">Isaac Newton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klaudije_Ptolemej" title="Klaudije Ptolemej">Klaudije Ptolemej</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladis_Vujnovi%C4%87" title="Vladis Vujnović">Vladis Vujnović</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Izvori">Izvori</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astronomija&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Uredi odlomak: Izvori" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astronomija&action=edit&section=14" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Izvori"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6541845">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r7012897">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"»""«"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.enciklopedija.hr/Natuknica.aspx?ID=4319">astronomija</a>. <i>Hrvatska enciklopedija</i>. Leksikografski zavod Miroslav Krleža. 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hrvatska+enciklopedija&rft.atitle=astronomija&rft.date=2014&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.enciklopedija.hr%2FNatuknica.aspx%3FID%3D4319&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%3AAstronomija" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Vladis_Vujnovi%C4%87" title="Vladis Vujnović">Vladis Vujnović</a> : "Astronomija", Školska knjiga, 1989.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7012897"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://enciklopedija.hr/Natuknica.aspx?ID=22472">godina</a>. <i>Hrvatska enciklopedija</i>. Leksikografski zavod Miroslav Krleža. 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hrvatska+enciklopedija&rft.atitle=godina&rft.date=2014&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenciklopedija.hr%2FNatuknica.aspx%3FID%3D22472&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%3AAstronomija" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7012897"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.enciklopedija.hr/Natuknica.aspx?ID=43187">nebeska mehanika</a>. <i>Hrvatska enciklopedija</i>. Leksikografski zavod Miroslav Krleža. 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hrvatska+enciklopedija&rft.atitle=nebeska+mehanika&rft.date=2014&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.enciklopedija.hr%2FNatuknica.aspx%3FID%3D43187&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%3AAstronomija" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7012897"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.enciklopedija.hr//natuknica.aspx?ID=41316">mjesec</a>. <i>Hrvatska enciklopedija</i>. Leksikografski zavod Miroslav Krleža. 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hrvatska+enciklopedija&rft.atitle=mjesec&rft.date=2014&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.enciklopedija.hr%2F%2Fnatuknica.aspx%3FID%3D41316&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%3AAstronomija" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7012897"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.enciklopedija.hr//natuknica.aspx?ID=48578">planetoid</a>. <i>Hrvatska enciklopedija</i>. Leksikografski zavod Miroslav Krleža. 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hrvatska+enciklopedija&rft.atitle=planetoid&rft.date=2014&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.enciklopedija.hr%2F%2Fnatuknica.aspx%3FID%3D48578&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%3AAstronomija" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div style="padding:3px"><div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center; width:2em; font-family:serif; font-size:180%; padding-right:3px; letter-spacing:-0.1em; background:#f0e0b0">HE</div><div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; font-size:82%; padding-left:3px">Dio sadržaja ove stranice preuzet je iz mrežnog izdanja <a href="/wiki/Hrvatska_enciklopedija_(LZMK)" title="Hrvatska enciklopedija (LZMK)">Hrvatske enciklopedije</a> i nije slobodan za daljnju upotrebu pod uvjetima Wikipedijine licencije o sadržaju. Uvjete upotrebe uz <a href="/wiki/Wikipedija:Dopu%C5%A1tenja_za_kori%C5%A1tenje_sadr%C5%BEaja/Ustanove#Leksikografski_zavod_"Miroslav_Krleža"" title="Wikipedija:Dopuštenja za korištenje sadržaja/Ustanove">dano nam pojašnjenje</a> pogledajte na <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.enciklopedija.hr/Upute/">stranici Leksikografskog zavoda</a></div></div> <p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vanjske_poveznice">Vanjske poveznice</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astronomija&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Uredi odlomak: Vanjske poveznice" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astronomija&action=edit&section=15" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Vanjske poveznice"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zvjezdarnica.com/">Zvjezdarnica - astronomski portal</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120802174002/http://ahyco.ffri.hr/povijestfizike/">Web courseware Povijest fizike</a></li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <table class="navbox" cellspacing="0" style=";"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px;"><table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse" style="width:100%;background:transparent;color:inherit;;"><tbody><tr><th style=";" colspan="2" class="navbox-naslov"><div style="float:left; width:6em;text-align:left;"><div class="noprint plainlinksneverexpand navbar" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; white-space:nowrap; font-weight:normal; font-variant:small-caps; ;;border:none;;"><a href="/wiki/Predlo%C5%BEak:Prirodne_znanosti" title="Predložak:Prirodne znanosti"><span title="Vidi ovaj predložak." style=";;border:none;;">v</span></a> • <a class="external text" href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Predlo%C5%BEak:Prirodne_znanosti&action=edit"><span style="color:#002bb8;;;border:none;;" title="Možete urediti ovaj predložak. Prije spremanja provjerite kako će izgledati.">u</span></a></div></div><span style="font-size:110%;"><a href="/wiki/Prirodne_znanosti" title="Prirodne znanosti">Prirodne znanosti</a></span></th></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-popis navbox-neparni"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Fizika" title="Fizika">Fizika</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kemija" title="Kemija">Kemija</a> • <a href="/wiki/Biologija" title="Biologija">Biologija</a> • <a href="/wiki/Geologija" title="Geologija">Geologija</a> • <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Astronomija</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Dobavljeno iz "<a dir="ltr" href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Astronomija&oldid=6908388">https://hr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Astronomija&oldid=6908388</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:Kategorije" title="Posebno:Kategorije">Kategorije</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Sadr%C5%BEaj_preuzet_iz_Hrvatske_enciklopedije" title="Kategorija:Sadržaj preuzet iz Hrvatske enciklopedije">Sadržaj preuzet iz Hrvatske enciklopedije</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Prirodne_znanosti" title="Kategorija:Prirodne znanosti">Prirodne znanosti</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Astronomija" title="Kategorija:Astronomija">Astronomija</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Grecizmi" title="Kategorija:Grecizmi">Grecizmi</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Ova stranica posljednji je put uređivana 11. travnja 2024. u 02:56.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Tekst je dostupan pod licencijom <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.hr">Creative Commons: Imenuj autora/Dijeli pod istim uvjetima</a>; mogu se primjenjivati i dodatni uvjeti. 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