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<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="no-js" lang="en" dir="ltr" prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns#"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, viewport-fit=cover"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> <script> document.documentElement.className = document.documentElement.className.replace('no-js', 'has-js'); function downloadJSAtOnload() { var element = document.createElement("script"); element.src = "/WAI/assets/scripts/main.js?1739902561245459979"; document.body.appendChild(element); } window.addEventListener("load", downloadJSAtOnload, false); </script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/WAI/assets/css/style.css?1739902561245459979"> <title> Sign Languages | Web Accessibility Initiative (WAI) | W3C</title> <meta name="generator" content="Jekyll v4.3.3" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Sign Languages" /> <meta name="author" content="W3C Web Accessibility Initiative (WAI)" /> <meta property="og:locale" content="en" /> <meta 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Accessibility Initiative (WAI)" /> <script type="application/ld+json"> {"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"WebPage","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"W3C Web Accessibility Initiative (WAI)"},"description":"Helps you understand and create sign language interpretation for audio and video media accessibility.","headline":"Sign Languages","image":"https://www.w3.org/WAI/content-images/media-guide/social.png","url":"https://www.w3.org/WAI/media/av/sign-languages/"}</script>  <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="/WAI/feed.xml"> </head> <body id="top" class="page-sign-languages "> <nav aria-label="Skip Link and Language Selector" id="controls" class="default-grid"> <ul> <li><a href="#main">Skip to Content</a></li> <li class="opt"><a href="/WAI/meta/customize/">Change Text Size or Colors</a></li> <li class="opt languagelist"> <strong>This page in:</strong> <ul class="languagelistul"><li><strong style="text-transform: capitalize;">English</strong></li><li><a 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class="page-link"><span>Informative Images</span></a></li><li> <a lang="en" href="/WAI/tutorials/images/decorative/" class="page-link"><span>Decorative Images</span></a></li><li> <a lang="en" href="/WAI/tutorials/images/functional/" class="page-link"><span>Functional Images</span></a></li><li> <a lang="en" href="/WAI/tutorials/images/textual/" class="page-link"><span>Images of Text</span></a></li><li> <a lang="en" href="/WAI/tutorials/images/complex/" class="page-link"><span>Complex Images</span></a></li><li> <a lang="en" href="/WAI/tutorials/images/groups/" class="page-link"><span>Groups of Images</span></a></li><li> <a lang="en" href="/WAI/tutorials/images/imagemap/" class="page-link"><span>Image Maps</span></a></li><li> <a lang="en" href="/WAI/tutorials/images/decision-tree/" class="page-link"><span>An <code style="color: inherit;">alt</code> Decision Tree</span></a></li><li> <a lang="en" href="/WAI/tutorials/images/tips/" class="page-link"><span>Tips and 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Controls</span></a></li><li> <a lang="en" href="/WAI/tutorials/forms/grouping/" class="page-link"><span>Grouping Controls</span></a></li><li> <a lang="en" href="/WAI/tutorials/forms/instructions/" class="page-link"><span>Form Instructions</span></a></li><li> <a lang="en" href="/WAI/tutorials/forms/validation/" class="page-link"><span>Validating Input</span></a></li><li> <a lang="en" href="/WAI/tutorials/forms/notifications/" class="page-link"><span>User Notifications</span></a></li><li> <a lang="en" href="/WAI/tutorials/forms/multi-page/" class="page-link"><span>Multi-page Forms</span></a></li><li> <a lang="en" href="/WAI/tutorials/forms/custom-controls/" class="page-link"><span>Custom Controls</span></a></li></ul></li><li> <a lang="en" href="/WAI/tutorials/carousels/" class="page-link"><span>Carousels</span></a><ul><li> <a lang="en" href="/WAI/tutorials/carousels/structure/" class="page-link"><span>Structure</span></a></li><li> <a lang="en" href="/WAI/tutorials/carousels/functionality/" class="page-link"><span>Functionality</span></a></li><li> <a lang="en" href="/WAI/tutorials/carousels/animations/" class="page-link"><span>Animations</span></a></li><li> <a lang="en" href="/WAI/tutorials/carousels/styling/" class="page-link"><span>Styling</span></a></li><li> <a lang="en" href="/WAI/tutorials/carousels/working-example/" class="page-link"><span>Working Example</span></a></li><li> <a lang="en" href="/WAI/tutorials/carousels/full-code/" class="page-link"><span>Complete Code</span></a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></nav><nav class="sidenav-languages" aria-labelledby="languagehead"> <header id="languagehead">Languages/Translations</header> <ul class="langlist"> <li style="margin-bottom: 2px;"><strong style="text-transform: capitalize;">English (original)</strong></li><li style="margin-bottom: 2px;"><a style="text-transform: capitalize;" href="/WAI/media/av/sign-languages/fr" dir="auto" translate="no" lang="fr">français</a></li></ul> <p><a href="/WAI/translations/">All Translations</a></p> <p><a href="/WAI/about/translating/">Translating WAI Resources</a></p> </nav> </div> <main id="main" lang="en"> <header class="in-resource"> <h1> <img src="/WAI/content-images/media-guide/sign.svg" alt="" class="title-image right" style="height: 2em;"> Sign Languages </h1><p>in <a lang="en" href="/WAI/media/av/"><span>Making Audio and Video Media Accessible</span></a></p></header> <aside class="box"><header class="box-h "> Summary</header><div class="box-i"> <p>Sign languages use hand and arm movements, facial expressions, and body positions to convey meaning. For many people who are Deaf, sign language is their native language, and some do not understand written language well.</p> <p>This page helps you understand and create sign language interpretation for audio and video. (Sign language is not required by most policies.)</p> </div></aside> <nav class="box box-simple" aria-labelledby="tocheading" id="toc"> <header id="tocheading" class="box-h box-h-simple"> Page Contents</header> <div class="box-i"> <ul id="markdown-toc"> <li><a href="#introduction" id="markdown-toc-introduction">Introduction</a></li> <li><a href="#standards-requirements" id="markdown-toc-standards-requirements">Standards Requirements</a></li> <li><a href="#skills-and-tools" id="markdown-toc-skills-and-tools">Skills and Tools</a></li> <li><a href="#example" id="markdown-toc-example">Example</a></li> <li><a href="#creating-sign-language-alternatives" id="markdown-toc-creating-sign-language-alternatives">Creating Sign Language Alternatives</a></li> </ul> </div> </nav> <h2 id="introduction">Introduction</h2> <p><img src="/WAI/content-images/media-guide/signing-person.jpg" alt="" class=" normal right" /></p> <p>Sign languages use hand and arm movements, facial expressions, and body positions to convey meaning.</p> <p>Sign language is the native language of many people who are Deaf. Some do not read or understand written language well — especially at the speed of most captions.</p> <p>Some people will want to have sign language and captions at the same time.</p> <p>Not everyone who is Deaf knows sign language, especially if they became Deaf or hard-of-hearing later in life. Some people use “lip reading” to help understand speech, though that cannot be replied upon for accessibility.</p> <p>Sign languages are different across regions and countries. For example, American Sign Language (ASL), Black American Sign Language (BASL), British Sign Language (BSL), and Auslan (Australian Sign Language) are different.</p> <p>There are some efforts to provide automatic sign language from text; however, avatars that simulate sign language interpretation are not robust enough to be adequate.</p> <h2 id="standards-requirements">Standards Requirements</h2> <p>Sign language is not required in most web accessibility policies.</p> <p>Sign language is in the WCAG standard at Level AAA: <a href="https://www.w3.org/WAI/WCAG22/Understanding/sign-language-prerecorded.html">Understanding 1.2.6 Sign Language</a>. <em>(The Planning page of this resource introduces the <a href="/WAI/media/av/planning/#wcag-standard">WCAG Standard</a>.)</em></p> <h2 id="skills-and-tools">Skills and Tools</h2> <p>To include sign language alternatives, you will need people, skills, and tools to:</p> <ul> <li>do the sign language interpretation</li> <li>record it</li> <li>edit it with the audio or video file</li> </ul> <h2 id="example">Example</h2> <p>Example sign language in video: <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TCq3ru9HQSc">NHS 111 British Sign Language (BSL) Advert (YouTube)<br /><img src="/WAI/content-images/media-guide/sign-example.jpg" alt="" class=" large video" /></a></p> <h2 id="creating-sign-language-alternatives">Creating Sign Language Alternatives</h2> <dl class="paragraph-like"> <dt>Use colors that are easy to distinguish - <em>planning, recording</em></dt> <dd>Usually it is best if the background and the signer’s clothing are solid colors that contrast with their skin tone. That way their hands and face are easier to see.</dd> <dt>Use good lighting - <em>planning, recording</em></dt> <dd>Ensure good lighting to help make the signer clearly visible.</dd> <dt>Capture the full signing space - <em>recording</em></dt> <dd>For most sign languages the signing space extends from well below the waist to above the head and at least an elbow width to each side.</dd> <dt>Ensure the signer is large enough - <em>post-production</em></dt> <dd>Viewers need to be able to clearly see all movements and facial expressions.</dd> <dt>Avoid obscuring important content - <em>post-production</em></dt> <dd>Position the signer to avoid obscuring important information in the video. The signer is usually at the bottom right. If your video has information such as a news ticker at the bottom, position the signer above that.</dd> <dd>Ideally when the video was made, the position of the signer was planned for, as noted in another page of this resource: <a href="/WAI/media/av/av-content/#plan-for-sign-language--storyboarding-recording">Plan for sign language – storyboarding, recording</a>.</dd> <dt>Make sign language video(s) easy to discover and use</dt> <dd>Make it easy to get to the video with sign language and to the video without sign language.</dd> <dd>For example, directly underneath the media player, include a large visible toggle button and/or labelled image for the sign language videos(s).<br /><img src="/WAI/content-images/media-guide/sign-button.png" alt="Auslan (Australian Sign Language)" style="max-width: 162px" /></dd> </dl> <p>There are resources on the web that provide additional guidance on creating sign language alternatives. For example:</p> <ul> <li><a href="http://pagines.uab.cat/hbb4all/sites/pagines.uab.cat.hbb4all/files/sign_language_interpreting_in_hbbtv.pdf">Sign Language Interpretation in HBBTV (PDF)<svg focusable="false" aria-label="External Site" class="icon-external-link "><use xlink:href="/WAI/assets/images/icons.svg#icon-external-link"></use></svg></a> includes specific guidance on aspects such as working with sign language interpreters and types of onscreen presentation</li> <li>Guidelines for the Production of Signing Books includes <a href="https://www.sign-lang.uni-hamburg.de/signingbooks/deliver/d31/deliv_31_part3-2.html#3.2.2.6">Sign language presentation <svg focusable="false" aria-label="External Site" class="icon-external-link "><use xlink:href="/WAI/assets/images/icons.svg#icon-external-link"></use></svg></a> and <a href="https://www.sign-lang.uni-hamburg.de/signingbooks/sbrc/grid/d71/guide13.htm">Editing <svg focusable="false" aria-label="External Site" class="icon-external-link "><use xlink:href="/WAI/assets/images/icons.svg#icon-external-link"></use></svg></a></li> </ul> <nav class="pager" aria-label="Previous/Next Page" style="clear: both;"> <ul><li class="pager--item previous"> <a href="/WAI/media/av/transcribing/"> <svg focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" class="icon-arrow-left pager--item-icon"><use xlink:href="/WAI/assets/images/icons.svg#icon-arrow-left"></use></svg> <span class="pager--item-text"> <span class="pager--item-text-direction">Previous:</span> <span class="pager--item-text-target">Transcribing Audio to Text</span> </span> </a> </li><li class="pager--item next"> <a href="/WAI/media/av/player/"> <svg focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" class="icon-arrow-right pager--item-icon"><use xlink:href="/WAI/assets/images/icons.svg#icon-arrow-right"></use></svg> <span class="pager--item-text"> <span class="pager--item-text-direction">Next:</span> <span class="pager--item-text-target">Media Player</span> </span> </a> </li> </ul></nav><aside class="box box-icon box-space-above" id="helpimprove" aria-label="feedback"><header class="box-h box-h-icon box-h-space-above box-h-icon"> <svg focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" class="icon-comments "><use xlink:href="/WAI/assets/images/icons.svg#icon-comments"></use></svg> <h2> Help improve this page </h2></header><div class="box-i"><p>Please share your ideas, suggestions, or comments via e-mail to the publicly-archived list <a href="mailto:wai@w3.org?body=%5Binclude%20a%20relevant%20email%20Subject%5D%0A%0A%5Bput%20comment%20here...%5D%0A%0AI%20give%20permission%20to%20share%20this%20to%20a%20publicly-archived%20e-mail%20list.">wai@w3.org</a> or via GitHub.</p> <div class="button-group"> <a href="mailto:wai@w3.org?body=%5Binclude%20a%20relevant%20email%20Subject%5D%0A%0A%5Bput%20comment%20here...%5D%0A%0AI%20give%20permission%20to%20share%20this%20to%20a%20publicly-archived%20e-mail%20list." class="button"><span>E-mail</span></a><a href=" https://github.com/w3c/wai-website/edit/main/pages/design-develop/media-guide/sign-languages.md " class="button"><span>Fork & Edit on GitHub</span></a><a href="https://github.com/w3c/wai-website/issues/new?template=content-issue.yml&wai-resource-id=wai-media-guide&wai-url=https://www.w3.org/WAI/media/av/sign-languages/" class="button"><span>New GitHub Issue</span></a></div></div></aside> <a class="button button-backtotop" href="#top"><span><svg focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" class="icon-arrow-up "><use xlink:href="/WAI/assets/images/icons.svg#icon-arrow-up"></use></svg> Back to Top</span></a> </main> </div> <footer id="wai-site-footer" class="page-footer default-grid" aria-label="Page"> <div class="inner"><p><strong>Updated:</strong> 17 September 2024. <a href="/WAI/media/av/changelog/">Latest changes</a>.<br /> First published September 2019.</p><p><strong>Editor:</strong> <a href="https://www.w3.org/People/Shawn">Shawn Lawton Henry</a>. <a href="/WAI/media/av/acknowledgements/">Acknowledgements</a> lists contributors and credits.</p> <p>Developed by the Education and Outreach Working Group (<a href="https://www.w3.org/WAI/EO/">EOWG</a>). 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