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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Popular music</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Popular_music-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Popular music subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Popular_music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Reggae/Dancehall/Afrobeats" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reggae/Dancehall/Afrobeats"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Reggae/Dancehall/Afrobeats</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reggae/Dancehall/Afrobeats-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rock_n_roll" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rock_n_roll"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Rock n roll</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rock_n_roll-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Township_Disco_/_Bubblegum" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Township_Disco_/_Bubblegum"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Township Disco / Bubblegum</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Township_Disco_/_Bubblegum-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Namibian_Hip_Hop" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Namibian_Hip_Hop"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Namibian Hip Hop</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Namibian_Hip_Hop-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-R&B,_pop,_afro-pop" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#R&B,_pop,_afro-pop"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>R&B, pop, afro-pop</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-R&B,_pop,_afro-pop-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kwaito" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kwaito"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Kwaito</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kwaito-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-House" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#House"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>House</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-House-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Metal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Metal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8</span> <span>Metal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Metal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Electronic_music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Electronic_music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.9</span> <span>Electronic music</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Electronic_music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Record_labels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Record_labels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Record labels</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Record_labels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div 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href="/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#Wikipedia_is_not_a_mirror_or_a_repository_of_links,_images,_or_media_files" title="Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not">excessive</a> or <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:External_links" title="Wikipedia:External links">inappropriate</a> external links, and converting useful links where appropriate into <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">footnote references</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </div><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>music of <a href="/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia">Namibia</a></b> includes a number of folk styles, as well as <a href="/wiki/Pop_music" title="Pop music">pop</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rock_and_roll" title="Rock and roll">rock</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reggae" title="Reggae">reggae</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">jazz</a>, <a href="/wiki/House_music" title="House music">house</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hip_hop" class="mw-redirect" title="Hip hop">hip hop</a>. </p><p>The Sanlam-NBC Music Awards and the <a href="/wiki/Namibian_Music_Awards" title="Namibian Music Awards">Namibian Music Awards</a> are two separate institutions that give out annual awards at shows on December 2 and May 6 respectively.<sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_allafrica"><a class="external autonumber" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_of_Namibia#endnote_allafrica">[1]</a></sup> The Namibia Society of Composers and Authors of Music (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nascam.org">NASCAM)</a> has helped promote Namibian music within and outside the country. </p><p>The Namibian <a href="/wiki/Music_industry" title="Music industry">music industry</a> remains under-developed, with no major record labels or distribution infrastructure.<sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Economist"><a class="external autonumber" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_of_Namibia#endnote_Economist">[2]</a></sup> A lack of focus to produce economically viable Namibian music products and the absence of effective marketing and distribution structures are two of the factors inherently hampering the development of the local music industry.The country's online music retailer, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.donluafrica.com">DONLU</a> offers streaming services. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Folk_music">Folk music</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_Namibia&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Folk music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Traditional Namibian dances occur at events such as weddings and at traditional festivals such as the Caprivi Arts Festival. Folk music accompanies storytelling or dancing. The <a href="/wiki/Nama_people" title="Nama people">Nama people</a> use various strings, flutes and drums while the <a href="/wiki/Bantu_peoples" title="Bantu peoples">Bantu</a> use <a href="/wiki/Xylophone" title="Xylophone">xylophones</a>, gourds and horn trumpets.<sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_SOS"><a class="external autonumber" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_of_Namibia#endnote_SOS">[3]</a></sup> </p> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Herero_people" title="Herero people">Herero people</a>'s <i>oviritje</i> is popularly known as <i>konsert</i>. <a href="/wiki/Otjiherero" class="mw-redirect" title="Otjiherero">Otjiherero</a> is the primary language of Oviritje music. Oviritje was made popular by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kareke_Henguva&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kareke Henguva (page does not exist)">Kareke Henguva</a> as a pioneer of Modern Oviritje Music when he together with the likes of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kakazona_Kavari&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kakazona Kavari (page does not exist)">Kakazona Kavari</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Meisie_Henguva&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Meisie Henguva (page does not exist)">Meisie Henguva</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oomzulu_Pietersen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oomzulu Pietersen (page does not exist)">Oomzulu Pietersen</a> introduced the keyboard element as prior to the introduction of the keyboard Oviritje Music was performed with vocals only. Prior to Kareke people like Matuarari Kaakunga and Bella Kazongominja have developed the Oviritje genre.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Today in recognition of his contribution to the Oviritje music Kareke Henguva has been accorded the title of doctor of modern Oviritje music. Other groups that took over from Henguva and made this music popular are <i>The Wild Dogs</i> from the <a href="/wiki/Okakarara" title="Okakarara">Okakarara</a> area with their hit song "Kaondeka", <i>Okazera</i> from the <a href="/wiki/Omaheke_Region" title="Omaheke Region">Omaheke Region</a>, the first group to include a San-speaking member, Bullet ya Kaoko, based in <a href="/wiki/Opuwo" title="Opuwo">Opuwo</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Kunene_Region" title="Kunene Region">Kunene Region</a>, Tuponda, Katja, Millenium, Kareke and the United Kingdom-based Oviritje queen <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kakazona_ua_Kavari&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kakazona ua Kavari (page does not exist)">Kakazona ua Kavari</a>.</li> <li><b>Maǀgaisa</b>, a dance music genre commonly known as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Damara_Punch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Damara Punch (page does not exist)">Damara Punch</a>, is performed by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stanley_(Namibian_musician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stanley (Namibian musician) (page does not exist)">Stanley</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C7%83Aubasen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ǃAubasen (page does not exist)">ǃAubasen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dixson" title="Dixson">Dixson</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Damara_Dikding&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Damara Dikding (page does not exist)">Damara Dikding</a>. Phura Duwe is known to be the king of Ma/gaisa as he came up this genre of music then follows the likes of Raphael and Pele, Pule, Ruby and Riio.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Many female singers are entering the Ma/gaisa world yearly.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The genre was derived from <a href="/wiki/Damara_(people)" class="mw-redirect" title="Damara (people)">Damara</a> traditional music and is mainly sung in <a href="/wiki/Khoekhoegowab" class="mw-redirect" title="Khoekhoegowab">Khoekhoegowab</a>. </p> <ul><li><b>Shambo</b>, the traditional dance music of the <a href="/wiki/Oshiwambo" class="mw-redirect" title="Oshiwambo">Oshiwambo</a>-speaking people, derives its name from "Shambo Shakambode" - "music". In the late nineties Yoba Valombola blended existing Oshiwambo music widely popularised by folk guitarist Kwela, Kangwe Keenyala, Boetie Simon, Lexington and Meme Nanghili na Shima. Later Setson and the Mighty Dread Band combined these and other Namibian styles and this was the birth of Shambo shakambode music. Yoba based Shambo on a dominant guitar, a rhythm guitar, percussion and a heavy "talking" <a href="/wiki/Bassline" title="Bassline">bassline</a>. Themes range from love to war and history. Young Namibian musicians contributed sampled tracks backed by a blend of house music and Kwaito. Prominent shambo musicians include Tunakie, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ama_Daz_Floor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ama Daz Floor (page does not exist)">Ama Daz Floor</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tate Kwela and <a href="/wiki/D-Naff" title="D-Naff">D-Naff</a>, also a <a href="/wiki/Gospel_music" title="Gospel music">gospel musician</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kwiku&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kwiku (page does not exist)">Kwiku</a> mixes shambo with <a href="/wiki/Kwassa_kwassa" title="Kwassa kwassa">Kwassa kwassa</a>. The genre was made popular by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tate_Buti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tate Buti (page does not exist)">Tate Buti</a> and his sister Janice with <a href="/w/index.php?title=Faizel_MC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Faizel MC (page does not exist)">Faizel MC</a> on the song "Kwiku". It is listened to by most Namibians including <a href="/wiki/Basters" title="Basters">Basters</a> and <a href="/wiki/Coloureds" title="Coloureds">Coloureds</a>. In 2005 it was recognized by the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Namibia_Society_of_Composers_and_Authors_of_Music&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Namibia Society of Composers and Authors of Music (page does not exist)">Namibia Society of Composers and Authors of Music</a> (NASCAM) as one of Namibia's folk music genres. The annual <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sanlam-NBC_Music_Awards&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sanlam-NBC Music Awards (page does not exist)">Sanlam-NBC Music Awards</a> also included it as one of their awarding genres in 2005. Other kwiku artists include trio PDK, Olavi, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Killa_B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Killa B (page does not exist)">Killa B</a>, Castro, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Faizel_MC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Faizel MC (page does not exist)">Faizel MC</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tunakie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tunakie (page does not exist)">Tunakie</a>, and the late YT de Wet.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afrikaans" title="Afrikaans">Afrikaans</a> music is also popular in Namibia. Afrikaans music primarily influenced by <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">European</a> <a href="/wiki/Folk_music" title="Folk music">folk music</a>. In Namibia it is more popular among the <a href="/wiki/White_Namibians" title="White Namibians">white communities</a>. <a href="/wiki/Stefan_Ludick" class="mw-redirect" title="Stefan Ludick">Stefan Ludik</a> is the most successful Afrikaans musician.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Popular_music">Popular music</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_Namibia&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Popular music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Popular styles of music in Namibia include <a href="/wiki/Hip_hop" class="mw-redirect" title="Hip hop">hip hop</a>, <a href="/wiki/R%26B" class="mw-redirect" title="R&B">R&B</a>, <a href="/wiki/Soul_music" title="Soul music">Soul</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reggae" title="Reggae">reggae</a>, <a href="/wiki/Afro_pop_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Afro pop music">afro-pop</a>, <a href="/wiki/House_music" title="House music">house</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kwaito" title="Kwaito">kwaito</a>. Upon Namibia's independence <a href="/wiki/Jackson_Kaujeua" title="Jackson Kaujeua">Jackson Kaujeua</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ras_Sheehama" title="Ras Sheehama">Ras Sheehama</a> had been the most outstanding Namibian performers. Kaujeua had been performing since the 1970s, he performed a mix of Namibia's traditional genres with afro-pop/gospel sounds. Sheehama performs reggae, in footsteps of reggae late legends <a href="/wiki/Bob_Marley" title="Bob Marley">Bob Marley</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lucky_Dube" title="Lucky Dube">Lucky Dube</a>. Sheehama has performed in <a href="/wiki/Jamaica" title="Jamaica">Jamaica</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a>, UK, Switzerland and the <a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a>. Other early Namibian musicians includes a Setswana band called People's Choice, that was popular between 1996 and 1998 for their hit single "Don't Look Back (Siwelewele)", a kwaito trio called <a href="/w/index.php?title=Matongo_Family&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Matongo Family (page does not exist)">Matongo Family</a>, Boli Mootseng, X-Plode with members (Jaicee James, Lizell Swarts & <a href="/wiki/Christi_Nomath_Warner" class="mw-redirect" title="Christi Nomath Warner">Christi Nomath Warner</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sites.google.com/site/warnerchristi/">Warner Christi</a>), <a href="/wiki/Oshiwambo" class="mw-redirect" title="Oshiwambo">oshiwambo indigenous</a> <a href="/wiki/Rapper" class="mw-redirect" title="Rapper">rapper</a> Shikololo and <a href="/wiki/R%26B" class="mw-redirect" title="R&B">R&B</a> turn-producer Big Ben. Big Ben has eventually become the most respected artist through his Afro pop and Fusion with his live shows. In fact he is one of the very few that performs all his shows with a live band while many still performs with back tracks. Namibian stars such as <a href="/wiki/Stefan_Ludik" title="Stefan Ludik">Stefan Ludik</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Dogg" title="The Dogg">The Dogg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gazza_(artist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gazza (artist)">Gazza</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gal_Level" title="Gal Level">Gal Level</a>, <a href="/wiki/EES_(rapper)" title="EES (rapper)">EES</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lady_May_(Namibian_singer)" title="Lady May (Namibian singer)">Lady May</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sunny_Boy_(rapper)" title="Sunny Boy (rapper)">Sunny Boy</a> and Big Ben have become continental celebrities as well as Placa Gang a group of hard working dream chasers. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reggae/Dancehall/Afrobeats"><span id="Reggae.2FDancehall.2FAfrobeats"></span>Reggae/Dancehall/Afrobeats</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_Namibia&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Reggae/Dancehall/Afrobeats"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Namibian reggae platform has produced artist such as <a href="/wiki/Ras_Sheehama" title="Ras Sheehama">Ras Sheehama</a>, Petu, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ngatu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ngatu (page does not exist)">Ngatu</a>, who has been performing since 1994, Mighty Dreeds and EES. In the early eighties a band called We Culture was formed in <a href="/wiki/Katutura" title="Katutura">Katutura</a> and this turned to be Namibia's first reggae band. Another band followed called Roots rebels also based in the Katutura location. The Namibian independence came and most of the Namibian population that was in exile came back to Namibian and bands like Young Dreads later renamed as Mighty Dreads, Ras Sheehama, Los Amadeus, Omidi d Afrique, Shem Yetu, Organised Crime and 40Thieves. Most of these bands faded or became one and a group of young Namibian reggae musicians came up later. Most of the Mighty Dread band members left and formed Formular band or engage into solo careers. Dancehall, Ragga and Dub was gaining popularity and singers like Ngatu (from the Mighty Dread), Doren, Iron Roots, Ras Kasera and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ten-Dreadz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ten-Dreadz (page does not exist)">Ten-Dreadz</a> came up with a new blend of Ragga Dancehall. EES is also respected in the R&B, hip hop and kwaito genres of Namibia. Buju Bantuan a.k.a. Katjoko (not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Jamaica" title="Jamaica">Jamaica</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Buju_Banton" title="Buju Banton">Buju Banton</a>), the late La Chox and Kamasutra are one of the youngest reggae artist. Prominent kwaito artist Gazza has also associated himself with the genre as well as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Killa-B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Killa-B (page does not exist)">Killa-B</a> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rock_n_roll">Rock n roll</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_Namibia&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Rock n roll"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Rock_and_roll" title="Rock and roll">Rock n roll</a> is widely celebrated by the white communities of Namibia. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Die_V%C3%B6gel_(band)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Die Vögel (band) (page does not exist)">Die Vögel</a> is one of Namibia's most outstanding rock n roll bands. The band had success with the <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>-speaking Namibians during the 1970s. <a href="/wiki/Stefan_Ludik" title="Stefan Ludik">Stefan Ludik</a> was Namibia's first <i><a href="/wiki/Big_Brother_Africa" title="Big Brother Africa">Big Brother Africa</a></i> participant in the show's <a href="/wiki/Big_Brother_Africa_(season_1)" class="mw-redirect" title="Big Brother Africa (season 1)">first season</a>. Today he is a successful rock n roll and <a href="/wiki/Pop_music" title="Pop music">pop musician</a> and actor. His music is more popular among the Namibian and <a href="/wiki/South_African_people" class="mw-redirect" title="South African people">South African</a> white communities. G3 a duo of two young Namibians gained success with their hit single <i>"Olupandu"</i> in 2005. One of the country's most durable rock bands is Bedrock (The Band In The Sand). Formed in 1994 in Oranjemund, the band has released four albums of original material over the years: Recovery (2001), So, Where's The Party? (2003), Simplicity (2008) and Desert Rock (2010). They describe their sound as Desert Rock, an eclectic mix of styles from 1970s rock, blues, pop and folk. A feature of their compositions is the subtle thread of humour which underpins most of their work. The opening song of their debut album, Rock 'n' Roll, was voted by the South African Rock Digest as one of the Top 30 South African songs of 2003. It was also their first song to gain radio play. Despite numerous personnel changes over the years the band continues to thrive, playing regular gigs in and around Oranjemund. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Township_Disco_/_Bubblegum"><span id="Township_Disco_.2F_Bubblegum"></span>Township Disco / Bubblegum</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_Namibia&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Township Disco / Bubblegum"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Is better known as Bubblegum Mapantshula Afro pop that's the rhythm who brings the legends like late Brenda Fassie and the Big Dudes, Chicco Twala, Dan Nkosi, Ebony, Richard Makhubale of Volcano, Dan Tsahnda of Splash, Yvonne Chaka Chaka, Alec OmKhali of Umoja. Gabkoz also is better known for such type of music in Namibia as well as Specco, Scorpion, Ocean Girls, Mr. Tjiuti, Raindrops, Sonic Witness, The Couples, Right Choice, Manelo, and People Choice band, Erick Mahua, Rirua Murangi and Chicco of Chiccolela Production who have contributed much in these genre to produce many up and coming artists like Skilpad who got much interest in syth sound of the original tune of township keyboards instrument. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard plainlist"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de; font-size: 125%;"><div class="">Music of Namibia</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Jericho_Gawanab.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Jericho"><img alt="Jericho" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Jericho_Gawanab.jpg/220px-Jericho_Gawanab.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Jericho_Gawanab.jpg/330px-Jericho_Gawanab.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Jericho_Gawanab.jpg/440px-Jericho_Gawanab.jpg 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="811" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Jericho</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Namibian_Hip_Hop">Namibian Hip Hop</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_Namibia&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Namibian Hip Hop"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Jericho Gawanab</b> (born 21 May 1980), is a multiple award-winning Namibian <a href="/wiki/Rapper" class="mw-redirect" title="Rapper">rapper</a>, <a href="/wiki/Songwriter" title="Songwriter">songwriter</a> and <a href="/wiki/Entrepreneur" class="mw-redirect" title="Entrepreneur">entrepreneur</a>. He is regarded as the most successful Hip Hop artist in the country. He won the coveted Best Male Artist at the <a href="/wiki/Namibian_Annual_Music_Awards" title="Namibian Annual Music Awards">Namibian Annual Music Awards</a> (2011) becoming the first Hip Hop artist to do so. After establishing Ghetto Child, his own record label, he rose to fame with the release of his debut <a href="/wiki/Album#Studio" title="Album">studio album</a>, <i>Check Who's Back</i> (2006). Gawanab, professionally known as <b>Jericho</b>, continued his success by releasing studio albums which include: <i>Lights Out</i> (2007); <i>Street Fame</i> (2010); <i>Let Me Be Me</i> (2014) which features major <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South African</a> rapper <a href="/wiki/Cassper_Nyovest" title="Cassper Nyovest">Cassper Nyovest</a> and the legendary <a href="/wiki/Hip_Hop_Pantsula" title="Hip Hop Pantsula">Hip Hop Pantsula</a>; <i>The Walls of Jericho</i> (2016) and <i>The Recovery</i> (2020). </p><p><a href="/wiki/Hip_hop_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Hip hop music">Hip hop music</a> and culture have influenced <a href="/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia">Namibian</a> youth, especially the American acts <a href="/wiki/Tupac_Shakur" title="Tupac Shakur">Tupac Shakur</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Notorious_B.I.G." title="The Notorious B.I.G.">The Notorious B.I.G.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nas" title="Nas">Nas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jay-Z" title="Jay-Z">Jay-Z</a>, <a href="/wiki/Snoop_Dogg" title="Snoop Dogg">Snoop Dogg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dr._Dre" title="Dr. Dre">Dr. Dre</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eminem" title="Eminem">Eminem</a>. </p><p>Early <a href="/wiki/Namibian_hip_hop" class="mw-redirect" title="Namibian hip hop">Namibian hip hop</a> acts includes a group called Dungeon Family, which was composed of the newly recreated group The Kalaharians and the popular girl duo <a href="/wiki/Gal_Level" title="Gal Level">Gal Level</a>. Other acts include Nakuni Heitah, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gurd_Grill_(artist)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gurd Grill (artist) (page does not exist)">Gurd Grill</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> OmPuff, <a href="/wiki/Black_Vulcanite" title="Black Vulcanite">Black Vulcanite</a><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Mc Ray.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Namibian hip-hop can compete with kwaito for popularity. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="R&B,_pop,_afro-pop"><span id="R.26B.2C_pop.2C_afro-pop"></span>R&B, pop, afro-pop</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_Namibia&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: R&B, pop, afro-pop"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/R%26B" class="mw-redirect" title="R&B">R&B</a> has been popular in Namibia since the 1990s. Namibian R&B singers have influenced the genre with <a href="/wiki/Afro_pop_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Afro pop music">afro-pop</a>. Most of them perform a mixture of <a href="/wiki/Pop_music" title="Pop music">pop</a>/afro-pop and R&B. Afro-pop is the African style of wester-pop. The Namibian <a href="/wiki/R%26B" class="mw-redirect" title="R&B">R&B</a>/pop genre has produced continental celebrated duo <a href="/wiki/Gal_Level" title="Gal Level">Gal Level</a> and solo singers African Boy, Sally Boss Madam, <a href="/wiki/Christi_Nomath_Warner" class="mw-redirect" title="Christi Nomath Warner">Christi Nomath Warner</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sites.google.com/site/warnerchristi/">Warner Christi</a> (who uses her poetry as basis for her lyrics) & <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lady_May_(Ms_May)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lady May (Ms May) (page does not exist)">Lady May</a>. Te Quila, Jewelz and Sally Boss Madam are one of the most promising R&B/pop singers of Namibia. Male artist such as Rodger and Nasti are also popular they all show influence from <a href="/wiki/Ne-Yo" title="Ne-Yo">Ne-Yo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mario_(entertainer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mario (entertainer)">Mario</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Chris_Brown_(American_singer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chris Brown (American singer)">Chris Brown</a>. Jossy Joss and <a href="/wiki/Big_Ben_Kandukira" title="Big Ben Kandukira">Big Ben</a> are one of the earliest singers of Namibia. Big Ben has been the most consistent with this genre since his first release in 2001. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kwaito">Kwaito</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_Namibia&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Kwaito"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ees-4.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Ees-4.jpg/120px-Ees-4.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Ees-4.jpg/180px-Ees-4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Ees-4.jpg/240px-Ees-4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1455" data-file-height="1366" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/EES_(rapper)" title="EES (rapper)">EES</a> performing kwaito</figcaption></figure> <p>The kwaito genre is the most popular and successful music genre in Namibia. It's believed to be the biggest industry in Namibia's music and the only that is heavily supported by the youth. This is so because of socio-economic issues, as many artists enter the music industry with hopes of strengthening self-employment and making a living out of it. <a href="/wiki/Namibian_kwaito" class="mw-redirect" title="Namibian kwaito">Namibian kwaito</a> has been strengthened and directly influenced by the <a href="/wiki/South_African_kwaito" class="mw-redirect" title="South African kwaito">South African kwaito</a> style. However, over the years Namibia introduced a different type of kwaito, which makes it slightly different from the South African tradition. The difference lies in production; Namibian producers focus their production on party-oriented music. </p><p>Namibian kwaito artists include <a href="/wiki/The_Dogg" title="The Dogg">The Dogg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gazza_(artist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gazza (artist)">Gazza</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sunny_Boy_(rapper)" title="Sunny Boy (rapper)">Sunny Boy</a>, Qonja, <a href="/wiki/Tre_Van_Die_Kasie" title="Tre Van Die Kasie">Tre Van Die Kasie</a>, and OmPuff. The Dogg's debut album, <i><a href="/wiki/Shimaliw%27_Osatana" title="Shimaliw' Osatana">Shimaliw' Osatana</a></i>, was the first kwaito album released in Namibia by a Namibian artist. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="House">House</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_Namibia&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: House"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Namibian_Dj.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Namibian_Dj.png/250px-Namibian_Dj.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Namibian_Dj.png/375px-Namibian_Dj.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Namibian_Dj.png/500px-Namibian_Dj.png 2x" data-file-width="4432" data-file-height="2862" /></a><figcaption>A Namibian DJ at work (DJ Basoff)</figcaption></figure> <p>House music is played at <a href="/wiki/Rave" title="Rave">raves</a> in Africa, especially South Africa. African house is based on African traditional melodies. It is characterized by a fast moving beat with thin melodies and synthesizers. Sometimes it is accompanied by vocals. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Metal">Metal</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_Namibia&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Metal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Since the late 1990s some artists perform heavy metal in Namibia, among those the Arcana XXII, subMission, Delusion Of Grandeur, ScatterSoul. In 2007 the first Namibian festival took place with bands like CfD (USA), subMission (Namibia), Wrust (Botswana), Neblina (Angola), Delusion Of Grandeur (Namibia), followed by two other editions in 2008 and 2009 including artists like Lady Axe (South Africa), Juggernaught (South Africa), Azrail (South Africa).<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Electronic_music">Electronic music</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_Namibia&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Electronic music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the late nineties an ex Mighty Dread singer (Yoba Valombola, known as Benga), bassist and guitarist came back from Germany with a big influence and eager in change and started an independent label called Big Rat Communication. This was fuelled by the idea of producing Namibia's first electronic music ranging from, Trip hop, Drum and bass, Dubstep and drumstep. Due to the unpopularity of electronic music in Namibia, Yoba released his music only in Europe and America under the name Benga. Most of the electronic music Benga release is based on his early experiments of Reggae, Shambo, blues and rock. Yoba went back to the west and returned again after six years to Namibia to influence other Namibians. Some existing experimental artists like Thomas Swarts, Dtubsen and Joas tried forming a group and due to time and obligations, nothing worked out. Yoba is still based in Germany as an electronic artist and performing with other Namibian artists in Europe: widely as Canada and South America. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Record_labels">Record labels</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_Namibia&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Record labels"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Notable Namibian record labels include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mshasho_Productions" title="Mshasho Productions">Mshasho Productions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gazza_Music_Productions" class="mw-redirect" title="Gazza Music Productions">Gazza Music Productions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaziza_Entertainment" class="mw-redirect" title="Yaziza Entertainment">Yaziza Entertainment</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_Namibia&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Afrikaans_singers" title="List of Afrikaans singers">List of Afrikaans singers</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_Namibia&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMbauruma2014" class="citation news cs1">Mbauruma, Bulle (10 April 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170802205035/http://www.informante.web.na/oviritje-going-downhill.13789">"Oviritje going downhill"</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Informant%C3%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Informanté (page does not exist)">Informanté</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.informante.web.na/oviritje-going-downhill.13789">the original</a> on 2 August 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 September</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Informant%C3%A9&rft.atitle=Oviritje+going+downhill&rft.date=2014-04-10&rft.aulast=Mbauruma&rft.aufirst=Bulle&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.informante.web.na%2Foviritje-going-downhill.13789&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMusic+of+Namibia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_Namibian" class="citation web cs1">The Namibian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.namibian.com.na/index.php?page=archive-read&id=163425">"Raphael and Pele to reunite on NAMAs stage"</a>. <i>The Namibian</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 September</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Winners&rft.pub=Namibian+Annual+Music+Awards&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nama.com.na%2Fpage%2Fwinners&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMusic+of+Namibia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newera.com.na/2015/05/29/ama-daz-floor-release-album-number/">"Ama Daz Floor release album number two"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/New_Era_(Namibia)" title="New Era (Namibia)">New Era</a></i>. 29 May 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Era&rft.atitle=Ama+Daz+Floor+release+album+number+two&rft.date=2015-05-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newera.com.na%2F2015%2F05%2F29%2Fama-daz-floor-release-album-number%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMusic+of+Namibia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thevillager.com.na/articles/6016/grill--the-dream-chasing-rapper">"The Villager Newspaper Namibia"</a>. <i>Thevillager.com.na</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.economist.com.na/2004/30july/07-30-28.htm">the original</a> on March 11, 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sos-childrensvillages.org/cgi-bin/sos/jsp/wherewehelp.do?lang=en&site=ZZ&hNav=show&nav=2.3&ci=y&ct=1136812">the original</a> on March 26, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 3,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=SOS+Children%27s+Villages&rft.atitle=Country+Information+on+Namibia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sos-childrensvillages.org%2Fcgi-bin%2Fsos%2Fjsp%2Fwherewehelp.do%3Flang%3Den%26site%3DZZ%26hNav%3Dshow%26nav%3D2.3%26ci%3Dy%26ct%3D1136812&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMusic+of+Namibia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>"DONLU A Digital Hub for Namibian Music. <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.namibian.com.na/70765/read/Donlu-%E2%80%93-A-Digital-Hub-For-Namibian-Music#">[4]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_Namibia&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMans,_Minette2004" class="citation book cs1">Mans, Minette (2004). <i>Music as Instrument of Diversity and Unity: Notes on a Namibian Landscape</i>. Nordic Africa Institute. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/91-7106-510-5" title="Special:BookSources/91-7106-510-5"><bdi>91-7106-510-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Music+as+Instrument+of+Diversity+and+Unity%3A+Notes+on+a+Namibian+Landscape&rft.pub=Nordic+Africa+Institute&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=91-7106-510-5&rft.au=Mans%2C+Minette&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMusic+of+Namibia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEngland,_Nicholas_M.1995" class="citation book cs1">England, Nicholas M. (1995). <i>Music Among the Zu' Wa-Si and Related Peoples of Namibia, Botswana, and Angola</i>. Garland. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8240-2986-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-8240-2986-0"><bdi>0-8240-2986-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Music+Among+the+Zu%27+Wa-Si+and+Related+Peoples+of+Namibia%2C+Botswana%2C+and+Angola&rft.pub=Garland&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=0-8240-2986-0&rft.au=England%2C+Nicholas+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMusic+of+Namibia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHebert,_David_G.2006" class="citation journal cs1">Hebert, David G. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060902124243/http://ijea.asu.edu/v7r1/v7r1.pdf">"Teaching Music and Dance of Namibia: A Review Essay"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>International Journal of Education & the Arts</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1529-8094">1529-8094</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ijea.asu.edu/v7r1/v7r1.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2006-09-02<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2006-04-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Education+%26+the+Arts&rft.atitle=Teaching+Music+and+Dance+of+Namibia%3A+A+Review+Essay&rft.date=2006&rft.issn=1529-8094&rft.au=Hebert%2C+David+G.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fijea.asu.edu%2Fv7r1%2Fv7r1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMusic+of+Namibia" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_Namibia&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gallica.bnf.fr/Search?ArianeWireIndex=index&lang=EN&q=namibie&p=1&f_typedoc=audio">Audio clips - traditional music of Namibia.</a> French National Library. 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style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Algeria" title="Music of Algeria">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Angola" title="Music of Angola">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Benin" title="Music of Benin">Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Botswana" title="Music of Botswana">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Burkina_Faso" title="Music of Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Burundi" title="Music of Burundi">Burundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Cameroon" title="Music of Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Cape_Verde" title="Music of Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Central_African_Republic" title="Music of the Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Chad" title="Music of Chad">Chad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Comoros" title="Music of the Comoros">Comoros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Music of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Music of the Republic of the Congo">Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Djibouti" title="Music of Djibouti">Djibouti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Egypt" title="Music of Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Equatorial_Guinea" title="Music of Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Eritrea" title="Music of Eritrea">Eritrea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Eswatini" title="Music of Eswatini">Eswatini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Ethiopia" title="Music of Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Gabon" title="Music of Gabon">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Gambia" title="Music of the Gambia">The Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Ghana" title="Music of Ghana">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Guinea" title="Music of Guinea">Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Guinea-Bissau" title="Music of Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Ivory_Coast" title="Music of Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Kenya" title="Music of Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Lesotho" title="Music of Lesotho">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Liberia" title="Music of Liberia">Liberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Libya" title="Music of Libya">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Madagascar" title="Music of Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Malawi" title="Music of Malawi">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Mali" title="Music of Mali">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Mauritania" title="Music of Mauritania">Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Mauritius" title="Music of Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Morocco" title="Music of Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Mozambique" title="Music of Mozambique">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Niger" title="Music of Niger">Niger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Nigeria" title="Music of Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Rwanda" title="Music of Rwanda">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="Music of São Tomé and Príncipe">São Tomé and Príncipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Senegal" title="Music of Senegal">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Seychelles" title="Music of Seychelles">Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Sierra_Leone" title="Music of Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Somalia" title="Music of Somalia">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_South_Africa" title="Music of South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_South_Sudan" class="mw-redirect" title="Music of South Sudan">South Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Sudan" title="Music of Sudan">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Tanzania" title="Music of Tanzania">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Togo" title="Music of Togo">Togo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Tunisia" title="Music of Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Uganda" title="Music of Uganda">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Zambia" title="Music of Zambia">Zambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Zimbabwe" title="Music of Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">States with limited<br />recognition</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Music of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic">Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Somaliland" class="mw-redirect" title="Music of Somaliland">Somaliland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Dependencies and<br />other territories</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Canary_Islands" title="Music of the Canary Islands">Canary Islands</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_Ceuta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Music of Ceuta (page does not exist)">Ceuta</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_Melilla&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Music of Melilla (page does not exist)">Melilla</a>  <span style="font-size:85%;">(Spain)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Madeira" title="Music of Madeira">Madeira</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Portugal)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Mayotte" title="Music of Mayotte">Mayotte</a> / <a href="/wiki/Music_of_R%C3%A9union" title="Music of Réunion">Réunion</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(France)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Saint_Helena" class="mw-redirect" title="Music of Saint Helena">Saint Helena</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_Ascension_Island&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Music of Ascension Island (page does not exist)">Ascension Island</a> / <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Tristan_da_Cunha" class="mw-redirect" title="Music of Tristan da Cunha">Tristan da Cunha</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(United Kingdom)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Western_Sahara" title="Music of Western Sahara">Western Sahara</a></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Music_of_Namibia&oldid=1239369655">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Music_of_Namibia&oldid=1239369655</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Category</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Music_of_Namibia" title="Category:Music of Namibia">Music of Namibia</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks 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