CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Griqualand West - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"666aba23-b6e3-4330-95b0-7de7faaa0681","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Griqualand_West","wgTitle":"Griqualand West","wgCurRevisionId":1215861702,"wgRevisionId":1215861702,"wgArticleId":888197,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas","Articles with short description","Short description matches Wikidata","Use dmy dates from October 2020","Articles needing additional references from August 2012","All articles needing additional references","Pages using infobox country or infobox former country with the flag caption or type parameters","Commons category link is on Wikidata","Coordinates on Wikidata","Griqualand West","Griqua people","History of the Northern Cape", "Former British colonies and protectorates in Africa","Cape Colony","Kimberley, Northern Cape","1870s in South Africa","1880s in South Africa","States and territories established in 1873","States and territories established in 1880","1873 establishments in Africa","1880s disestablishments in Africa","1873 establishments in the British Empire","1880s disestablishments in the British Empire","19th century in South Africa","Former republics"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Griqualand_West","wgRelevantArticleId":888197,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr", "pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":20000,"wgCoordinates":{"lat":-28.75,"lon":24.7667},"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q2547918","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading", "ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.gadget.WikiMiniAtlas","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions" ,"wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/FlagGriekwalandEast.svg/1200px-FlagGriekwalandEast.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="800"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/FlagGriekwalandEast.svg/800px-FlagGriekwalandEast.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="533"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/FlagGriekwalandEast.svg/640px-FlagGriekwalandEast.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="427"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Griqualand West - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Griqualand_West"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Griqualand_West&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Griqualand_West"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Griqualand_West rootpage-Griqualand_West skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Griqualand+West" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Griqualand+West" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Griqualand+West" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Griqualand+West" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Early_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Early history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Independent_Griqua_state" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Independent_Griqua_state"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Independent Griqua state</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Independent_Griqua_state-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Independent Griqua state subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Independent_Griqua_state-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Origins_of_the_Griqua_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Origins_of_the_Griqua_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Origins of the Griqua people</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Origins_of_the_Griqua_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Griqua_migrations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Griqua_migrations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Griqua migrations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Griqua_migrations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Waterboer_dynasty_and_Griqualand_West" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Waterboer_dynasty_and_Griqualand_West"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Waterboer dynasty and Griqualand West</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Waterboer_dynasty_and_Griqualand_West-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Diamond_fields_and_land_disputes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Diamond_fields_and_land_disputes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Diamond fields and land disputes</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Diamond_fields_and_land_disputes-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Diamond fields and land disputes subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Diamond_fields_and_land_disputes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Diggers_Republic_(1870–71)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Diggers_Republic_(1870–71)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Diggers Republic (1870–71)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Diggers_Republic_(1870–71)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Direct_British_rule_(1871–1880)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Direct_British_rule_(1871–1880)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Direct British rule (1871–1880)</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Direct_British_rule_(1871–1880)-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Direct British rule (1871–1880) subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Direct_British_rule_(1871–1880)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Further_territorial_disputes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_territorial_disputes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Further territorial disputes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_territorial_disputes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pressure_on_the_Cape_Colony_to_annex_the_territory" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pressure_on_the_Cape_Colony_to_annex_the_territory"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Pressure on the Cape Colony to annex the territory</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pressure_on_the_Cape_Colony_to_annex_the_territory-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Union_with_Cape_Colony_(1880)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Union_with_Cape_Colony_(1880)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Union with Cape Colony (1880)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Union_with_Cape_Colony_(1880)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Current" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Current"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Current</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Current-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rulers_and_administrators_of_the_territory" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rulers_and_administrators_of_the_territory"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Rulers and administrators of the territory</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Rulers_and_administrators_of_the_territory-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Rulers and administrators of the territory subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Rulers_and_administrators_of_the_territory-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Independent_Griqua_Kaptyns_(1800–1871)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Independent_Griqua_Kaptyns_(1800–1871)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Independent Griqua Kaptyns (1800–1871)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Independent_Griqua_Kaptyns_(1800–1871)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-British_imperial_rule_(1871–1880)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#British_imperial_rule_(1871–1880)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>British imperial rule (1871–1880)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-British_imperial_rule_(1871–1880)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Griqualand West</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 12 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-12" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">12 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Griekwaland-Wes" title="Griekwaland-Wes – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Griekwaland-Wes" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Griqual%C3%A0ndia_Occidental" title="Griqualàndia Occidental – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Griqualàndia Occidental" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Griqualand_West" title="Griqualand West – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Griqualand West" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Griqualand_West" title="Griqualand West – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Griqualand West" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gricualandia_Occidental" title="Gricualandia Occidental – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Gricualandia Occidental" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Griqualand_Ouest" title="Griqualand Ouest – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Griqualand Ouest" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Griqualand_Barat" title="Griqualand Barat – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Griqualand Barat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Griqualand_Occidentale" title="Griqualand Occidentale – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Griqualand Occidentale" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/West-Griekwaland" title="West-Griekwaland – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="West-Griekwaland" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Griqualand_West" title="Griqualand West – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Griqualand West" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4" title="Західний Грикваленд – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Західний Грикваленд" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%88_%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%B9" title="گریکولینڈ ویسٹ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="گریکولینڈ ویسٹ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2547918#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Griqualand_West" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Griqualand_West" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Griqualand_West"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Griqualand_West&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Griqualand_West&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Griqualand_West"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Griqualand_West&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Griqualand_West&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Griqualand_West" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Griqualand_West" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Griqualand_West&oldid=1215861702" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Griqualand_West&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Griqualand_West&id=1215861702&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FGriqualand_West"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FGriqualand_West"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Griqualand_West&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Griqualand_West&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Griqualand_West" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2547918" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Griqualand_West&params=28.7500_S_24.7667_E_source:wikidata"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">28°45′00″S</span> <span class="longitude">24°46′00″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">28.7500°S 24.7667°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-28.7500; 24.7667</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Area of central South Africa</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Griqualand_West" title="Special:EditPage/Griqualand West">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Griqualand+West%22">"Griqualand West"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Griqualand+West%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Griqualand+West%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Griqualand+West%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Griqualand+West%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Griqualand+West%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2012</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043282317">.mw-parser-output .ib-country{border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country td,.mw-parser-output .ib-country th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-full-data{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-header{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.2}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-names{padding-top:0.25em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-name-style{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-image{padding:0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-anthem{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding-top:0.5em;margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-largest,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-lang{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-ethnic,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-religion,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-sovereignty{font-weight:normal;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li2{text-indent:0.5em;margin-left:1em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-website{line-height:11pt}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption3{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn{text-align:left;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-num{margin-left:1em}</style><table class="infobox ib-country vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr"><div class="fn org country-name">Griqualand West</div><div class="ib-country-names">Griqualand<br />Griekwaland-Wes</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader">1800–1880</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="noresize" style="display:table; width:100%;"> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding: 0px 5px 3px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FlagGriekwalandEast.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Griqualand West"><img alt="Flag of Griqualand West" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/FlagGriekwalandEast.svg/125px-FlagGriekwalandEast.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/FlagGriekwalandEast.svg/188px-FlagGriekwalandEast.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/FlagGriekwalandEast.svg/250px-FlagGriekwalandEast.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> </div> <div>Griqua Flag<sup>†</sup></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Locator_map_of_Griqualand_West_1885.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Location of Griqualand West within the Cape Colony"><img alt="Location of Griqualand West within the Cape Colony" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Locator_map_of_Griqualand_West_1885.svg/250px-Locator_map_of_Griqualand_West_1885.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Locator_map_of_Griqualand_West_1885.svg/375px-Locator_map_of_Griqualand_West_1885.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Locator_map_of_Griqualand_West_1885.svg/500px-Locator_map_of_Griqualand_West_1885.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1120" data-file-height="985" /></a></span><div class="ib-country-map-caption">Location of Griqualand West within the Cape Colony</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Status</th><td class="infobox-data">British Colony (1871–1880)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Kimberley,_Northern_Cape" title="Kimberley, Northern Cape">Kimberley</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Common languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a> (written)<br />proto-<a href="/wiki/Afrikaans" title="Afrikaans">Afrikaans</a> (spoken)<br /><a href="/wiki/English_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="English Language">English</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Griqua_people" title="Griqua people">Griqua</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Government</th><td class="infobox-data">Kapteinskap</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Kaptijn</th><td class="infobox-data"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1800–1820 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adam_Kok_I&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adam Kok I (page does not exist)">Adam Kok I</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1820–1852 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Andries_Waterboer" title="Andries Waterboer">Andries Waterboer</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1852–1871 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Nicolaas_Waterboer" title="Nicolaas Waterboer">Nicolaas Waterboer</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">History</th><td class="infobox-data"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Established </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1800</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• British rule imposed </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1871</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Destablished </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1880</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area</th></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Estimate</th><td class="infobox-data">40,000 km<sup>2</sup> (15,000 sq mi)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table style="width:95%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; display:inline-table;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:center; border:0; padding-bottom:0"><div id="before-after"></div></td> <td style="text-align:center;border:0; padding-bottom:0;"><b>Succeeded by</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; border:0;"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;border:0;"> <table style="width:92%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Cape_Colony" title="Cape Colony">Cape Colony</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Flag_of_the_Cape_Colony_%281876%E2%80%931910%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Cape_Colony_%281876%E2%80%931910%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Flag_of_the_Cape_Colony_%281876%E2%80%931910%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Cape_Colony_%281876%E2%80%931910%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Flag_of_the_Cape_Colony_%281876%E2%80%931910%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Cape_Colony_%281876%E2%80%931910%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="ib-country-fn">† The Griqua flag is a vertically flipped version of the <i>"Vierkleur"</i> used by the <a href="/wiki/South_African_Republic" title="South African Republic">South African Republic</a>. A single source dates its origin to 1903; whether or not Griqualand West actually deployed it is uncertain.<sup id="cite_ref-flag_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-flag-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks plainlist"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title" style="font-size:125%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_South_Africa" title="History of South Africa">Historical</a> <a href="/wiki/Sovereign_state" title="Sovereign state">states</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">in present-day</span><br /><a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:South_Africa_topo_continent.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/South_Africa_topo_continent.png/150px-South_Africa_topo_continent.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/South_Africa_topo_continent.png/225px-South_Africa_topo_continent.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/South_Africa_topo_continent.png/300px-South_Africa_topo_continent.png 2x" data-file-width="3658" data-file-height="2301" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">before 1600</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Mapungubwe" title="Kingdom of Mapungubwe">Kingdom of Mapungubwe</a> (1050–1270)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Mutapa" title="Kingdom of Mutapa">Kingdom of Mutapa</a> (1430–1760)</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">1600–1700</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Cape_Colony" title="Dutch Cape Colony">Dutch Cape Colony</a> (1652–1795)</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">1700–1800</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mthethwa_Paramountcy" class="mw-redirect" title="Mthethwa Paramountcy">Mthethwa Paramountcy</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr>1780–1817)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ndwandwe" title="Ndwandwe">Ndwandwe</a> (c.1780–1817)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Swellendam" title="Republic of Swellendam">Republic of Swellendam</a> (1795)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Graaff-Reinet" title="Republic of Graaff-Reinet">Republic of Graaff-Reinet</a> (1795–1796)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Colony" title="Cape Colony">Cape Colony</a> (1795–1802)</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">1800–1850</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Cape_Colony" title="Dutch Cape Colony">Dutch Cape Colony</a> (1802–1806)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Colony" title="Cape Colony">Cape Colony</a> (1806–1910)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waterboer%27s_Land" class="mw-redirect" title="Waterboer's Land">Waterboer's Land</a> (1813–1871)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zulu_Kingdom" title="Zulu Kingdom">Zulu Kingdom</a> (1818–1897)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Kok%27s_Land" class="mw-redirect" title="Adam Kok's Land">Adam Kok's Land</a> (1825–1861)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winburg" title="Winburg">Winburg</a> (1836–1844)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potchefstroom" title="Potchefstroom">Potchefstroom</a> (1837–1848)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natalia_Republic" title="Natalia Republic">Natalia Republic</a> (1839–1843)</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">1850–1875</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_African_Republic" title="South African Republic">South African Republic</a> (1852–1902)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orange_Free_State" title="Orange Free State">Orange Free State</a> (1854–1902)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Utrecht" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of Utrecht">Republic of Utrecht</a> (1854–1858)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lydenburg_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Lydenburg Republic">Lydenburg Republic</a> (1856–1860)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Griqualand_East" title="Griqualand East">Griqualand East</a> (1861–1879)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Griqualand West</a> (1870–1880)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stafford_Parker" title="Stafford Parker">Diggers' Republic</a> (1870–1871)</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">1875–1900</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stellaland" title="Stellaland">Stellaland</a> (1882–1885)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_of_Goshen" title="State of Goshen">Goshen</a> (1882–1883)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nieuwe_Republiek" title="Nieuwe Republiek">Nieuw Republiek</a> (1884–1888)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klein_Vrystaat" title="Klein Vrystaat">Klein Vrystaat</a> (1886–1891)</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">1900–present</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Colony" title="Cape Colony">Cape Colony</a> (1806–1910)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_South_Africa" title="Union of South Africa">Union of South Africa</a> (1910–1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transkei" title="Transkei">Transkei</a> (1976–1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bophuthatswana" title="Bophuthatswana">Bophuthatswana</a> (1977–1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venda" title="Venda">Venda</a> (1979–1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ciskei" title="Ciskei">Ciskei</a> (1981–1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">Republic of South Africa</a> (1961–present)</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/16px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/24px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/32px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:South_Africa" title="Portal:South Africa">South Africa portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Historical_states_of_South_Africa_sidebar" title="Template:Historical states of South Africa sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Historical_states_of_South_Africa_sidebar" title="Template talk:Historical states of South Africa sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Historical_states_of_South_Africa_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Historical states of South Africa sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BoerGriquaRepublics.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/BoerGriquaRepublics.svg/220px-BoerGriquaRepublics.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/BoerGriquaRepublics.svg/330px-BoerGriquaRepublics.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/BoerGriquaRepublics.svg/440px-BoerGriquaRepublics.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption>Boer Republics and Griqua States in Southern Africa, 19th century.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Griqualand_1879_stamp_1_penny.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Griqualand_1879_stamp_1_penny.jpg/170px-Griqualand_1879_stamp_1_penny.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="241" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/27/Griqualand_1879_stamp_1_penny.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="247" data-file-height="350" /></a><figcaption>A one penny 1879 <a href="/wiki/Revenue_stamp" title="Revenue stamp">revenue stamp</a> of Griqualand West.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SouthAfrica1885.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/SouthAfrica1885.jpg/220px-SouthAfrica1885.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/SouthAfrica1885.jpg/330px-SouthAfrica1885.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/SouthAfrica1885.jpg/440px-SouthAfrica1885.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3336" data-file-height="2884" /></a><figcaption>Griqualand West (in the centre of the map) in South Africa, July 1885.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Griqualand West</b> is an area of central South Africa with an area of 40,000 km<sup>2</sup> that now forms part of the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Cape_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Cape Province">Northern Cape Province</a>. It was inhabited by the <a href="/wiki/Griqua_people" title="Griqua people">Griqua people</a> – a semi-nomadic, <a href="/wiki/Afrikaans" title="Afrikaans">Afrikaans</a>-speaking nation of mixed-race origin, who established several states outside the expanding frontier of the <a href="/wiki/Cape_Colony" title="Cape Colony">Cape Colony</a>. It was also ancestral home to the Tswana and <a href="/wiki/Khoisan_peoples" class="mw-redirect" title="Khoisan peoples">Khoisan peoples</a>. </p><p>In 1873 it was proclaimed as a British colony, with its capital at <a href="/wiki/Kimberley,_South_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Kimberley, South Africa">Kimberley</a>, and in 1880 it was annexed by the <a href="/wiki/Cape_Colony" title="Cape Colony">Cape Colony</a>. When the <a href="/wiki/Union_of_South_Africa" title="Union of South Africa">Union of South Africa</a> was formed in 1910, Griqualand West was part of the <a href="/wiki/Cape_Province" title="Cape Province">Cape Province</a> but continued to have its own "provincial" sports teams. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_history">Early history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Griqualand_West&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The indigenous population of the area were the <a href="/wiki/Khoi-khoi" class="mw-redirect" title="Khoi-khoi">Khoi-khoi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bushmen" class="mw-redirect" title="Bushmen">Bushmen</a> peoples, who were hunter-gatherers or herders. Early on they were joined by the agriculturalist <a href="/wiki/Tswana_people" title="Tswana people">Batswana</a>, who migrated into the area from the north. They comprised the majority of the population throughout the region's history, up until the present day. By the early 19th century the whole area came to be dominated by the powerful <a href="/wiki/Griqua_people" title="Griqua people">Griqua people</a>, who gave the region its name. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Independent_Griqua_state">Independent Griqua state</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Griqualand_West&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Independent Griqua state"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Origins_of_the_Griqua_people">Origins of the Griqua people</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Griqualand_West&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Origins of the Griqua people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Griqua_people" title="Griqua people">Griqua</a> are a mixed people who originated in the intermarriages between Dutch colonists in the <a href="/wiki/Cape_Colony" title="Cape Colony">Cape</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Khoikhoi" class="mw-redirect" title="Khoikhoi">Khoikhoi</a> already living there. They turned into a semi-nomadic <a href="/wiki/Afrikaans" title="Afrikaans">Afrikaans</a>-speaking nation of horsemen who migrated out of the <a href="/wiki/Cape_Colony" title="Cape Colony">Cape Colony</a> and established short-lived states on the Colony's borderlands, similar to the Cossack states of imperial Russia. </p><p>The Dutch East India Company (VOC) did not intend the Cape Colony at the Southern tip of Africa to become a political entity. As it expanded and became more successful, its leaders did not worry about frontiers. The frontier of the colony was indeterminate and ebbed and flowed at the whim of individuals. While the VOC undoubtedly benefited from the trading and pastoral endeavours of the trekboers, it did little to control or support them in their quest for land. The high proportion of single Dutch men led to their taking indigenous women as wives and companions, and mixed-race children were born. They grew to be a sizeable population who spoke Dutch and were instrumental in developing the colony. </p><p>These children did not attain the social or legal status accorded their fathers, mostly because colonial laws recognised only Christian forms of marriage. This group became known as <a href="/wiki/Baster" class="mw-redirect" title="Baster">Basters</a>, or bastards. The colonists, in their paramilitary response to insurgent resistance from Khoi and San people, readily conscripted the Basters into commandos. This ensured the men became skilled in lightly armed, mounted, skirmish tactics. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Griqua_migrations">Griqua migrations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Griqualand_West&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Griqua migrations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Equipped with guns and horses, many of the Basters who were recruited to war chose instead to abandon their paternal society and to strike out and live a semi-nomadic existence beyond the Cape's frontier. The resulting stream of disgruntled, Dutch-speaking, trained marksmen leaving the Cape hobbled the Dutch capability to crew their commandos. It also created belligerent, skilled groups of opportunists who harassed the indigenous populations the length of the Orange River. Once free of the colonies, these groups called themselves the Oorlam. In particular, the group led by Klaas Afrikaner became notorious. He attracted enough attention from the Dutch authorities to cause him to be rendered to the colony and banished to <a href="/wiki/Robben_Island" title="Robben Island">Robben Island</a> in 1761. </p><p>One of the most influential of these Oorlam groups was the "Griqua". In the 19th century, the Griqua controlled several political entities which were governed by Kapteins or Kaptyns (Dutch for "Captain", i.e. leader) and their Councils, with their own written constitutions. The Griqua had also largely adopted the Afrikaans language before their migrations. </p><p>Adam Kok I, the first Kaptein of the Griqua and recognised by the British, was originally a slave who had bought his own freedom. He led his people north from the interior of the Cape Colony. Probably because of discrimination against his people, they again moved north—this time outside the Cape, taking over areas previously controlled by San and <a href="/wiki/Tswana_people" title="Tswana people">Tswana people</a>. This area, where most of the Griqua nation settled, was near the Orange River, just west of the Orange Free State, and on the southern skirts of the Transvaal. It came to be called <b>Griqualand West</b>, and the territory was centered on its capital "Klaarwater", later renamed <a href="/wiki/Griekwastad" title="Griekwastad">Griekwastad</a> ("Griquatown"). </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_National_Archives_UK_-_CO_1069-222-5.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/The_National_Archives_UK_-_CO_1069-222-5.jpg/170px-The_National_Archives_UK_-_CO_1069-222-5.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="245" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/The_National_Archives_UK_-_CO_1069-222-5.jpg/255px-The_National_Archives_UK_-_CO_1069-222-5.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/The_National_Archives_UK_-_CO_1069-222-5.jpg/340px-The_National_Archives_UK_-_CO_1069-222-5.jpg 2x" data-file-width="413" data-file-height="596" /></a><figcaption>The Griqua Kaptein <a href="/wiki/Andries_Waterboer" title="Andries Waterboer">Andries Waterboer</a> and his sons</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Waterboer_dynasty_and_Griqualand_West">Waterboer dynasty and Griqualand West</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Griqualand_West&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Waterboer dynasty and Griqualand West"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>While much of the Griqua people now settled, many remained nomadic, and Adam Kok's people later split into several semi-nomadic nations. After a significant schism, a portion of the Griqua nation migrated to the south-east under the leadership of Adam Kok's son Adam Kok II (to the south-east they were later to found <a href="/wiki/Philippolis" title="Philippolis">Philippolis</a> and then <a href="/wiki/Griqualand_East" title="Griqualand East">Griqualand East</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ref2_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ref2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the original area, which now came to be called Griqualand West, <a href="/wiki/Andries_Waterboer" title="Andries Waterboer">Andries Waterboer</a> took over control and founded the powerful Waterboer dynasty. The Waterboer Kapteins ruled the region until the influx of Europeans accompanying the discovery of diamonds, and to some degree afterwards too. In 1834, the Cape Colony recognized Waterboer's rights to his land and people. It signed a treaty with him to ensure payment for the use of the land for mining. In both Griqualands, East and West, the Griqua were demographically outnumbered by the pre-existing Bantu people and, in some areas, by European settlers, and thus the two Griqualands maintained their Griqua identity only through political control. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Diamond_fields_and_land_disputes">Diamond fields and land disputes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Griqualand_West&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Diamond fields and land disputes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:LINDLEY(1873)_Adamantia_p358.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/LINDLEY%281873%29_Adamantia_p358.jpg/220px-LINDLEY%281873%29_Adamantia_p358.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/LINDLEY%281873%29_Adamantia_p358.jpg/330px-LINDLEY%281873%29_Adamantia_p358.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/LINDLEY%281873%29_Adamantia_p358.jpg/440px-LINDLEY%281873%29_Adamantia_p358.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3105" data-file-height="2419" /></a><figcaption>Map (1873)</figcaption></figure> <p>In the years 1870–1871 a large number of diggers moved into Griqualand West and settled on the diamond fields near the junction of the <a href="/wiki/Vaal_River" title="Vaal River">Vaal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Orange_River" title="Orange River">Orange</a> rivers. This was land through which the Griqua regularly moved with their herds and it was additionally situated in part on land claimed by both the <a href="/wiki/Griqua_people" title="Griqua people">Griqua</a> chief Nicholas Waterboer and by the <a href="/wiki/Boer_Republics" class="mw-redirect" title="Boer Republics">Boer Republic</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Orange_Free_State" title="Orange Free State">Orange Free State</a>. </p><p>In 1870, Transvaal President <a href="/wiki/Marthinus_Wessel_Pretorius" title="Marthinus Wessel Pretorius">Marthinus Wessel Pretorius</a> declared the diamond fields as Boer property and established a temporary government over the diamond fields. The administration of this body was not satisfactory to the Boers, the diggers, the Griqua or the indigenous Tswana. Tension rapidly grew between these parties until Stafford Parker, a former British sailor, organised a faction of the diggers to drive all of the Transvaal officials out of the area. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Diggers_Republic_(1870–71)"><span id="Diggers_Republic_.281870.E2.80.9371.29"></span>Diggers Republic (1870–71)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Griqualand_West&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Diggers Republic (1870–71)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At the settlement of Klipdrift, on 30 July 1870 <a href="/wiki/Stafford_Parker" title="Stafford Parker">Stafford Parker</a> declared the independent Klipdrift Republic (also known as the Digger's Republic and the Republic of Griqualand West) and was also chosen as president. Klipdrift was promptly renamed "Parkerton" after the new president, who began to collect taxes (often at gunpoint). Factions in the Republic also implored the <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a> to impose its authority and annex the territory. </p><p>By December of the same year about 10 000 British settlers made their home in the new republic. The republic sat next to the <a href="/wiki/Vaal_River" title="Vaal River">Vaal River</a>, but existed for an extremely short time. During the following year, Boer forces unsuccessfully attempted to regain the territory through negotiation. British Governor Sir <a href="/wiki/Henry_Barkly" title="Henry Barkly">Henry Barkly</a> was asked to mediate. Barkly set up the Keate Committee to hear evidence and, in the famous "Keate Award", ruled against the Boer Republics and in favour of Nicholas Waterboer. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Direct_British_rule_(1871–1880)"><span id="Direct_British_rule_.281871.E2.80.931880.29"></span>Direct British rule (1871–1880)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Griqualand_West&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Direct British rule (1871–1880)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At this juncture, Waterboer offered to place the territory under the administration of <a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria" title="Queen Victoria">Queen Victoria</a>. The offer was accepted, and on 27 October 1871 the district, together with some adjacent territory to which the Transvaal had laid claim, was proclaimed (under the name of Griqualand West Colony) British territory.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Further_territorial_disputes">Further territorial disputes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Griqualand_West&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Further territorial disputes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:David_Arnot_-_Griqua_agent_and_diplomat_in_the_Cape_Colony.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/David_Arnot_-_Griqua_agent_and_diplomat_in_the_Cape_Colony.jpg/170px-David_Arnot_-_Griqua_agent_and_diplomat_in_the_Cape_Colony.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="253" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/David_Arnot_-_Griqua_agent_and_diplomat_in_the_Cape_Colony.jpg/255px-David_Arnot_-_Griqua_agent_and_diplomat_in_the_Cape_Colony.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/David_Arnot_-_Griqua_agent_and_diplomat_in_the_Cape_Colony.jpg/340px-David_Arnot_-_Griqua_agent_and_diplomat_in_the_Cape_Colony.jpg 2x" data-file-width="719" data-file-height="1072" /></a><figcaption>David Arnot, <a href="/wiki/Griqua_people" title="Griqua people">Griqua</a> lawyer and diplomat</figcaption></figure> <p>Territorial disputes continued, even after the British annexation. When the annexation had taken place, a party in the Orange Free State <a href="/wiki/Volksraad_(Orange_Free_State)" title="Volksraad (Orange Free State)">volksraad</a> had wished to go to war with Britain but the wiser counsels of its president prevailed. The Orange Free State did not abandon its claims, believing that the diamond fields were the means of restoring the credit and prosperity of the Free State. Griqualand West was not financially viable, and carried with it enormous public debt. The matter continued for a considerable time and caused immense tension in southern Africa. </p><p>In the face of claims from the Orange Free State and the Griqua authorities, the <i>Griqualand West Land Court</i> was established in 1875, under <a href="/wiki/Andries_Stockenstr%C3%B6m_(Justice)" class="mw-redirect" title="Andries Stockenström (Justice)">Justice Andries Stockenström</a>. Waterboer's claims to the diamond fields, strongly presented by his agent David Arnot, were based on the treaty concluded by his father with the British in 1834 and on various arrangements with the Kok chiefs; the Orange Free State based its claim on its purchase of Adam Kok's sovereign rights and on long occupation. The difference between proprietorship and sovereignty was confused or ignored. That Waterboer exercised no authority in the disputed district was admitted. In a crucial finding Stockenström ruled that, as the <a href="/wiki/Griqua_people" title="Griqua people">Griqua people</a> were nomadic, the Griqua chiefs (or <i>"captains"</i>) were rulers over a people, but not over a fixed territory. The <a href="/wiki/Griqua_people" title="Griqua people">Griqua people</a> had also only arrived in this part of southern Africa a little over 50 years before, in the early nineteenth century. The Griqua captains therefore did not automatically get the right to own & develop all of the land through which they moved, but only those areas in which they would settle. Other areas they could continue to move through, but were not given automatic title to own and develop. This resulted in the denial of many of the titles issued by the powerful Griqua Captain <a href="/wiki/Nicolaas_Waterboer" title="Nicolaas Waterboer">Nicolaas Waterboer</a>, outside of his core areas around Griquatown and Albania, were also denied. It also effectively ruled in favour of the Orange Free State. A furore resulted, as accusations were leveled that Stockenström was biased, and sympathetic towards the <a href="/wiki/Orange_Free_State" title="Orange Free State">Orange Free State</a> President <a href="/wiki/Jan_Brand" class="mw-redirect" title="Jan Brand">Johannes Brand</a>. </p><p>A form of resolution eventually came about in July 1876, when <a href="/wiki/Henry_Herbert,_4th_Earl_of_Carnarvon" title="Henry Herbert, 4th Earl of Carnarvon">Henry Herbert, 4th Earl of Carnarvon</a>, at that time secretary of state for the colonies, granted the Free State payment "in full satisfaction of all claims which it considers it may possess to Griqualand West."<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the opinion of Dr Theal, who has written the history of the <a href="/wiki/Boer_Republics" class="mw-redirect" title="Boer Republics">Boer Republics</a> and has been a consistent supporter of the Boers, the annexation of Griqualand West was probably in the best interests of the Orange Free State. "There was," he states, "no alternative from British sovereignty other than an independent diamond field republic." At this time, largely owing to the exhausting struggle with the <a href="/wiki/Basuto" class="mw-redirect" title="Basuto">Basutos</a>, the Free State Boers, like their <a href="/wiki/Transvaal_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Transvaal Republic">Transvaal Republic</a> neighbours, had drifted into financial straits. A paper currency had been instituted, and the notes, known as "bluebacks", soon dropped to less than half their nominal value. Commerce was largely carried on by <a href="/wiki/Barter" title="Barter">barter</a>, and many cases of bankruptcy occurred in the state. But as British annexation in 1877 saved the Transvaal from bankruptcy, so did the influx of British and other immigrants to the diamond fields, in the early 1870s, restore public credit and individual prosperity to the Boers of the Free State. The diamond fields offered a ready market for stock and other agricultural produce. Money flowed into the pockets of the farmers. Public credit was restored. " Bluebacks " recovered par value, and were called in and redeemed by the government. Valuable diamond mines were also discovered within the Orange Free State, of which the one at <a href="/wiki/Jagersfontein" title="Jagersfontein">Jagersfontein</a> is the richest. Capital from Kimberley and London was soon provided with which to work them. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pressure_on_the_Cape_Colony_to_annex_the_territory">Pressure on the Cape Colony to annex the territory</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Griqualand_West&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Pressure on the Cape Colony to annex the territory"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After annexing Griqualand West, the British initially attempted to incorporate it into the Cape Colony, and put significant pressure on the Cape Government to annex it. The new Prime Minister of the Cape, <a href="/wiki/John_Molteno" class="mw-redirect" title="John Molteno">John Molteno</a> refused, citing the enormous public debt of the territory, as well as objections from portions of the indigenous and settler communities of Griqualand. </p><p>Local control continued to pass increasingly from the Griqua kaptijns into the hands of the growing digger community of the diamond fields. The prospect of complete dis-empowerment in a "Diamond Fields Republic" became a significant concern of the remaining Griqua. </p><p>Under pressure, the embattled Griqua leader Nicolaas Waterboer send a formal request to the Cape Government to request incorporation; a request that coincided with renewed pressure on the Cape Government to agree to the union.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Union_with_Cape_Colony_(1880)"><span id="Union_with_Cape_Colony_.281880.29"></span>Union with Cape Colony (1880)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Griqualand_West&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Union with Cape Colony (1880)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Griqualand_West_Annexation_Act" title="Griqualand West Annexation Act">Griqualand West Annexation Act</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Cape_Colony_(1876%E2%80%931910).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Flag_of_the_Cape_Colony_%281876%E2%80%931910%29.svg/220px-Flag_of_the_Cape_Colony_%281876%E2%80%931910%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Flag_of_the_Cape_Colony_%281876%E2%80%931910%29.svg/330px-Flag_of_the_Cape_Colony_%281876%E2%80%931910%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Flag_of_the_Cape_Colony_%281876%E2%80%931910%29.svg/440px-Flag_of_the_Cape_Colony_%281876%E2%80%931910%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Flag of the Cape Colony from 1875 to 1910</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nicolaas_Waterboer_-_Griqua_leader_and_politician_of_the_Cape_Colony.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Nicolaas_Waterboer_-_Griqua_leader_and_politician_of_the_Cape_Colony.jpg/170px-Nicolaas_Waterboer_-_Griqua_leader_and_politician_of_the_Cape_Colony.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="246" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Nicolaas_Waterboer_-_Griqua_leader_and_politician_of_the_Cape_Colony.jpg/255px-Nicolaas_Waterboer_-_Griqua_leader_and_politician_of_the_Cape_Colony.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Nicolaas_Waterboer_-_Griqua_leader_and_politician_of_the_Cape_Colony.jpg/340px-Nicolaas_Waterboer_-_Griqua_leader_and_politician_of_the_Cape_Colony.jpg 2x" data-file-width="727" data-file-height="1052" /></a><figcaption>The Griqua Kaptein <a href="/wiki/Nicolaas_Waterboer" title="Nicolaas Waterboer">Nicolaas Waterboer</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>On being presented with a request from Nicholas Waterboer for union with the <a href="/wiki/Cape_Colony" title="Cape Colony">Cape Colony</a>, there had begun a protracted debate over whether Griqualand West should be joined to the Cape in a <a href="/wiki/Confederation" title="Confederation">confederation</a>, or whether it should be annexed to the Cape Colony in a total union. The former view was supported by <a href="/wiki/Lord_Carnarvon" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord Carnarvon">Lord Carnarvon</a> and the British Colonial Office in London – as a first step to bringing all of southern Africa into a British-ruled confederation.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The latter view was put forward by the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_Cape_of_Good_Hope" title="Parliament of the Cape of Good Hope">Cape Parliament</a>, particularly by its strong-willed Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/John_Charles_Molteno" title="John Charles Molteno">John Molteno</a>, who had initially opposed any form of union with the unstable and heavily indebted territory, and now demanded evidence from Britain that the local population would be consulted in the process.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Suspicious of British motives, in 1876 he travelled to London as plenipotentiary to make the case that union was the only viable way that the Cape could administer the divided and underdeveloped territory, and that a lop-sided confederation would be neither economically viable, nor politically stable. In short, Griqualand West should either be united with the Cape, or kept totally independent from it. After striking a deal with the Home Government and receiving assurances that local objections had been appeased, he passed the <a href="/wiki/Griqualand_West_Annexation_Act" title="Griqualand West Annexation Act">Griqualand West Annexation Act</a> on 27 July 1877.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The act specified that Griqualand West would have the right to elect four representatives to the Cape parliament, two for Kimberley and two for the Barkly West region. This number was doubled in 1882 (<i>Act 39 of 1882</i>). The Cape Government also enforced its non-racial system of <a href="/wiki/Cape_Qualified_Franchise" title="Cape Qualified Franchise">Cape Qualified Franchise</a>. This meant that all resident males could qualify for the vote, with the property-ownership qualifications for suffrage applied equally, regardless of race. This was welcomed by the Griqua, but rejected by the recently arrived diggers of the Kimberley diamond fields.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the judiciary, the local Griqua attorney-general reported to the <a href="/wiki/Cape_Supreme_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="Cape Supreme Court">Cape Supreme Court</a>, which got concurrent jurisdiction with the <a href="/wiki/High_Court_of_Griqualand_West" class="mw-redirect" title="High Court of Griqualand West">High Court of Griqualand West</a> in the territory.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The implementation of the act was set for 18 October 1880, when Griqualand West was formally united with the Cape Colony, followed soon afterwards by Griqualand East. <sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Current">Current</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Griqualand_West&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Current"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Today, Basters are a separate ethnic group of similarly mixed origins living in south-central Namibia; Northern Cape at Campbell and Griquatown; (the historic territory of Griqualand West); the Western Cape (around the small le Fleur Griqua settlement at Kranshoek); and at Kokstad. </p><p>The total Griqua population is unknown. The people were submerged by several factors. The most important factor were the racist policies of the Apartheid era, during which many of the Griqua people took on the mantle of "Coloured" fearing that their Griqua roots might place them at a lower level with than the blacks. </p><p>Genetic evidence indicates that the majority of the present Griqua population is descended from European, Khoikhoi and Tswana ancestors, with a small percentage of Bushman ancestry.<sup id="cite_ref-ref3_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ref3-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rulers_and_administrators_of_the_territory">Rulers and administrators of the territory</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Griqualand_West&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Rulers and administrators of the territory"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Independent_Griqua_Kaptyns_(1800–1871)"><span id="Independent_Griqua_Kaptyns_.281800.E2.80.931871.29"></span>Independent Griqua Kaptyns (1800–1871)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Griqualand_West&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Independent Griqua Kaptyns (1800–1871)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adam_Kok_I&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adam Kok I (page does not exist)">Adam Kok I</a> (1800–1820)</li></ul> <p>(1820 split in the Griqua nation) </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andries_Waterboer" title="Andries Waterboer">Andries Waterboer</a> (1820–1852)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolaas_Waterboer" title="Nicolaas Waterboer">Nicolaas Waterboer</a> (1852–1896)</li></ul> <p>(Continuation of dynasty in symbolic role until present day) </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="British_imperial_rule_(1871–1880)"><span id="British_imperial_rule_.281871.E2.80.931880.29"></span>British imperial rule (1871–1880)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Griqualand_West&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: British imperial rule (1871–1880)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Source:<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Commissioner <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Millerd_Orpen" class="mw-redirect" title="Joseph Millerd Orpen">Joseph Millerd Orpen</a> (27 October 1871 – 10 January 1873)</li> <li>Administrator and then Lieutenant Governor <a href="/wiki/Richard_Southey_(colonial_administrator)" title="Richard Southey (colonial administrator)">Richard Southey</a> (10 January 1873 – 3 August 1875)</li> <li>Lieutenant Governor <a href="/wiki/William_Owen_Lanyon" class="mw-redirect" title="William Owen Lanyon">William Owen Lanyon</a> (3 August 1875 – March 1879)</li> <li>Lieutenant Governor <a href="/wiki/James_Rose_Innes" title="James Rose Innes">James Rose Innes</a> (March 1879 – 15 October 1880)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Griqualand_West&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Griqua_people" title="Griqua people">Griqua people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Griqualand_West_cricket_team" class="mw-redirect" title="Griqualand West cricket team">Griqualand West cricket team</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andries_Stockenstr%C3%B6m_(Justice)" class="mw-redirect" title="Andries Stockenström (Justice)">Andries Stockenström (Justice)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Griqualand_West_Annexation_Act" title="Griqualand West Annexation Act">Griqualand West Annexation Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Flag_Revolt" title="Black Flag Revolt">Black Flag Revolt</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Griqualand_West&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-flag-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-flag_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://flagspot.net/flags/za-griqu.html">Griqualand (South Africa)</a> on flagspot.net; Accessed 2009-07-31</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ref2-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ref2_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jeroen G. Zandberg. 2005. Rehoboth Griqua Atlas. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/90-808768-2-8" title="Special:BookSources/90-808768-2-8">90-808768-2-8</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sahistory.org.za/archive/rock-which-future-will-be-built">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'The rock on which the future will be built' | South African History Online"</a>. Sahistory.org.za<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 August</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%27The+rock+on+which+the+future+will+be+built%27+%26%23124%3B+South+African+History+Online&rft.pub=Sahistory.org.za&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sahistory.org.za%2Farchive%2Frock-which-future-will-be-built&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGriqualand+West" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoberts1976" class="citation book cs1">Roberts, Brian (1976). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ON71wM6U0ZMC&q=%22Keate+Award%22&pg=PA61"><i>Kimberley: Turbulent City – Brian Roberts – Google Books</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780949968623" title="Special:BookSources/9780949968623"><bdi>9780949968623</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 August</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kimberley%3A+Turbulent+City+%E2%80%93+Brian+Roberts+%E2%80%93+Google+Books&rft.date=1976&rft.isbn=9780949968623&rft.aulast=Roberts&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DON71wM6U0ZMC%26q%3D%2522Keate%2BAward%2522%26pg%3DPA61&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGriqualand+West" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sahistory.org.za/dated-event/republic-klipdrift-proclaimed">"The Republic of Klipdrift is proclaimed | South African History Online"</a>. Sahistory.org.za<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 August</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Republic+of+Klipdrift+is+proclaimed+%26%23124%3B+South+African+History+Online&rft.pub=Sahistory.org.za&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sahistory.org.za%2Fdated-event%2Frepublic-klipdrift-proclaimed&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGriqualand+West" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Theal G.: <i>History of South Africa from 1873 to 1884, Twelve eventful Years</i>. London: George Allen & Unwin Ltd. 1919.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sahistory.org.za/people-south-africa/griqua">"Griqua | South African History Online"</a>. Sahistory.org.za<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 August</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Griqua+%26%23124%3B+South+African+History+Online&rft.pub=Sahistory.org.za&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sahistory.org.za%2Fpeople-south-africa%2Fgriqua&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGriqualand+West" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Illustrated History of South Africa</i>. The Reader's Digest Association South Africa (Pty) Ltd, 1992. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-947008-90-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-947008-90-X">0-947008-90-X</a>. p.182, <i>"Confederation from the Barrel of a Gun"</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">M. Mbenga: <i>New History of South Africa</i>. Tafelberg, South Africa. 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Roberts, Brian. 1976. <i>Kimberley, turbulent city</i>. Cape Town: David Philip, p. 155.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">L Waldman: <i>The Griqua Conundrum: Political and Socio-Cultural Identity in the Northern Cape, South Africa</i>. Oxford. 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sabar.co.za/law-journals/2010/april/2010-april-vol023-no1-pp42-and-44.pdf">Northern Cape High Court</a> Kimberley] by Lizanne van Niekerk, Northern Cape Bar</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLipschutzKent_Rasmussen1989" class="citation book cs1">Lipschutz, Mark R.; Kent Rasmussen, R. (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QYoPkk04Yp4C&q=john+charles+molteno+responsible+government&pg=PA151"><i>African Historical Biographies</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780520066113" title="Special:BookSources/9780520066113"><bdi>9780520066113</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=African+Historical+Biographies&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=9780520066113&rft.aulast=Lipschutz&rft.aufirst=Mark+R.&rft.au=Kent+Rasmussen%2C+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQYoPkk04Yp4C%26q%3Djohn%2Bcharles%2Bmolteno%2Bresponsible%2Bgovernment%26pg%3DPA151&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGriqualand+West" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ref3-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ref3_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nigel Penn. 2005. <i>The Forgotten Frontier</i>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8214-1682-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-8214-1682-0">0-8214-1682-0</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britishempire.co.uk/maproom/griqualandwest/griqualandwestadmin.htm">"The British Empire, Imperialism, Colonialism, Colonies"</a>. <i>www.britishempire.co.uk</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.britishempire.co.uk&rft.atitle=The+British+Empire%2C+Imperialism%2C+Colonialism%2C+Colonies&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.britishempire.co.uk%2Fmaproom%2Fgriqualandwest%2Fgriqualandwestadmin.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGriqualand+West" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Griqualand_West&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Griqualand_West" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Griqualand West">Griqualand West</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britishempire.co.uk/maproom/griqualandwest.htm">The British Empire: Griqualand West</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Boer_republics" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Boer_republics" title="Template:Boer republics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Boer_republics" title="Template talk:Boer republics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Boer_republics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Boer republics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Boer_republics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Boer_republics" title="Boer republics">Boer republics</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding-left:13em; padding-right:13em;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Graaff-Reinet" title="Republic of Graaff-Reinet">Graaff-Reinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_of_Goshen" title="State of Goshen">Goshen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klein_Vrystaat" title="Klein Vrystaat">Klein Vrystaat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lydenburg" title="Lydenburg">Lydenburg Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natalia_Republic" title="Natalia Republic">Natalia Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nieuwe_Republiek" title="Nieuwe Republiek">Nieuwe Republiek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orange_Free_State" title="Orange Free State">Orange Free State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potchefstroom" title="Potchefstroom">Potchefstroom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stellaland" title="Stellaland">Stellaland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Swellendam" title="Republic of Swellendam">Swellendam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_Republic" title="South African Republic">Transvaal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upingtonia" title="Upingtonia">Upingtonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utrecht,_KwaZulu-Natal" class="mw-redirect" title="Utrecht, KwaZulu-Natal">Utrecht Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winburg" title="Winburg">Winburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Zoutpansberg" title="Republic of Zoutpansberg">Zoutpansberg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Other_South_African_governments" style="width:100%;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks plainlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:South_African_Governments" title="Template:South African Governments"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:South_African_Governments" title="Template talk:South African Governments"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:South_African_Governments" title="Special:EditPage/Template:South African Governments"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Other_South_African_governments" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Other South African governments</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:100%;"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Monarchy" title="Monarchy">Kingdoms</a></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Colony" title="Colony">Colonies</a></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Boer_Republics" class="mw-redirect" title="Boer Republics">Boer Republics</a></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Bantustan" title="Bantustan">Bantustans</a></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Forms_of_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Forms of government">National</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;text-align:center;width:20%;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Mapungubwe" title="Kingdom of Mapungubwe">Kingdom of Mapungubwe</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1075</span>–<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1220</span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mthethwa_Paramountcy" class="mw-redirect" title="Mthethwa Paramountcy">Mthethwa Paramountcy</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1780</span>–1817)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ndwandwe" title="Ndwandwe">Ndwandwe Kingdom</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1780</span>–1819)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zulu_Kingdom" title="Zulu Kingdom">Zulu Kingdom</a> (1816–97)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:20%;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Cape_Colony" title="Dutch Cape Colony">Dutch Cape Colony</a> (1652–1806)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Colony" title="Cape Colony">Cape Colony</a> (1795–1910)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Natal" title="Colony of Natal">Natal Colony</a> (1843–1910)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orange_River_Colony" title="Orange River Colony">Orange River Colony</a> (1902–10)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transvaal_Colony" title="Transvaal Colony">Transvaal Colony</a> (1902–10)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:20%;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Natalia_Republic" title="Natalia Republic">Natalia Republic</a> (1839–43)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orange_Free_State" title="Orange Free State">Orange Free State</a> (1854–1902)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Griqualand_East" title="Griqualand East">Griqualand East</a> (1861–79)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Griqualand West</a> (1870–73)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_of_Goshen" title="State of Goshen">Goshen</a> (1882–83)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stellaland" title="Stellaland">Stellaland</a> (1882–85)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nieuwe_Republiek" title="Nieuwe Republiek">Nieuwe Republiek</a> (1884–88)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upingtonia" title="Upingtonia">Upingtonia</a> (1885–87)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klein_Vrystaat" title="Klein Vrystaat">Klein Vrystaat</a> (1886–91)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:20%;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gazankulu" title="Gazankulu">Gazankulu</a> (1971–94)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebowa" title="Lebowa">Lebowa</a> (1972–94)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/QwaQwa" title="QwaQwa">QwaQwa</a> (1974–94)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transkei" title="Transkei">Transkei</a> (1976–94)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bophuthatswana" title="Bophuthatswana">Bophuthatswana</a> (1977–94)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venda" title="Venda">Venda</a> (1979–94)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ciskei" title="Ciskei">Ciskei</a> (1981–94)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/KaNgwane" title="KaNgwane">KaNgwane</a> (1981–94)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/KwaNdebele" title="KwaNdebele">KwaNdebele</a> (1981–94)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/KwaZulu" title="KwaZulu">KwaZulu</a> (1981–94)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:20%;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Qualified_Franchise" title="Cape Qualified Franchise">Cape Qualified Franchise</a> (1853–1910)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_Republic" title="South African Republic">South African Republic</a> (1856–1902)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_South_Africa" title="Union of South Africa">Union of South Africa</a> (1910–61)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">Republic of South Africa</a> (1961–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Government_of_South_Africa" title="Government of South Africa"><b>Current government</b></a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Political_history_of_South_Africa" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Political_history_of_South_Africa" title="Template:Political history of South Africa"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Political_history_of_South_Africa" title="Template talk:Political history of South Africa"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Political_history_of_South_Africa" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Political history of South Africa"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Political_history_of_South_Africa" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Political history of <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct <a href="/wiki/Polity" title="Polity">polities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Mapungubwe" title="Kingdom of Mapungubwe">Kingdom of Mapungubwe</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1075</span>–<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1220</span>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Cape_Colony" title="Dutch Cape Colony">Dutch Cape Colony</a> (1652–1806)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mthethwa_Paramountcy" class="mw-redirect" title="Mthethwa Paramountcy">Mthethwa Paramountcy</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1780</span>–1817)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ndwandwe" title="Ndwandwe">Ndwandwe Kingdom</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1780</span>–1819)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cape_Colony" title="Cape Colony">Cape Colony</a> (1795–1910)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Zulu_Kingdom" title="Zulu Kingdom">Zulu Kingdom</a> (1816–1897)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Natalia_Republic" title="Natalia Republic">Natalia Republic</a> (1839–1843)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Natal" title="Colony of Natal">Natal Colony</a> (1843–1910)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Orange_Free_State" title="Orange Free State">Orange Free State</a> (1854–1902)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/South_African_Republic" title="South African Republic">South African Republic</a> (1856–1902)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Griqualand_East" title="Griqualand East">Griqualand East</a> (1861–1879)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Griqualand West</a> (1870–1873)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/State_of_Goshen" title="State of Goshen">Goshen</a> (1882–1883)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Stellaland" title="Stellaland">Stellaland</a> (1882–1885)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nieuwe_Republiek" title="Nieuwe Republiek">Nieuwe Republiek</a> (1884–1888)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Upingtonia" title="Upingtonia">Upingtonia</a> (1885–1887)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Klein_Vrystaat" title="Klein Vrystaat">Klein Vrystaat</a> (1886–1891)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Orange_River_Colony" title="Orange River Colony">Orange River Colony</a> (1902–1910)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Transvaal_Colony" title="Transvaal Colony">Transvaal Colony</a> (1902–1910)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Union_of_South_Africa" title="Union of South Africa">Union of South Africa</a> (1910–1961)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Transkei" title="Transkei">Transkei</a> (1976–1994)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bophuthatswana" title="Bophuthatswana">Bophuthatswana</a> (1977–1994)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Venda" title="Venda">Venda</a> (1979–1994)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ciskei" title="Ciskei">Ciskei</a> (1981–1994)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Early_history_of_South_Africa" title="Early history of South Africa">Pre-colonial</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bantu_expansion" title="Bantu expansion">Bantu migrations</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Salt_River" title="Battle of Salt River">Battle of Salt River</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_South_Africa_(1652%E2%80%931815)" title="History of South Africa (1652–1815)">1652–1815</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Cape_Colony_before_1806#First_settlement" title="History of the Cape Colony before 1806">Dutch settlement</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Huguenots_in_South_Africa" title="Huguenots in South Africa">French Huguenot settlement</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Khoikhoi%E2%80%93Dutch_Wars" title="Khoikhoi–Dutch Wars">Khoikhoi–Dutch Wars</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Xhosa_Wars" title="Xhosa Wars">Xhosa Wars</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Muizenberg" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Muizenberg">Battle of Muizenberg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Blaauwberg" title="Battle of Blaauwberg">Battle of Blaauwberg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Dutch_Treaty_of_1814" title="Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814">Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_South_Africa_(1815%E2%80%931910)" title="History of South Africa (1815–1910)">1815–1910</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mfecane" title="Mfecane">Mfecane</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1820_Settlers" title="1820 Settlers">1820 Settlers</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Great_Trek" title="Great Trek">Great Trek</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Boer_Republics" class="mw-redirect" title="Boer Republics">Boer Republics</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Transvaal_Civil_War" title="Transvaal Civil War">Transvaal Civil War</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mineral_Revolution" title="Mineral Revolution">Mineral Revolution</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Witwatersrand_Gold_Rush" title="Witwatersrand Gold Rush">Witwatersrand Gold Rush</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/South_African_Wars_(1879%E2%80%931915)" title="South African Wars (1879–1915)">South African Wars</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/South_Africa_Act_1909" title="South Africa Act 1909">South Africa Act 1909</a> (<a href="/wiki/National_Convention_(South_Africa)" title="National Convention (South Africa)">National Convention</a>)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_South_Africa_(1910%E2%80%9348)" class="mw-redirect" title="History of South Africa (1910–48)">1910–1948</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/South_West_Africa_campaign" title="South West Africa campaign">South West Africa campaign</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Maritz_rebellion" title="Maritz rebellion">Maritz rebellion</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rand_Rebellion" title="Rand Rebellion">Rand Rebellion</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Great_Depression_in_South_Africa" title="Great Depression in South Africa">Great Depression</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1946_African_Mine_Workers%27_Union_strike" title="1946 African Mine Workers' Union strike">1946 African Mine Workers' Union strike</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bantustan" title="Bantustan">Bantustans</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Apartheid" title="Apartheid">Apartheid</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1948_South_African_general_election" title="1948 South African general election">1948 general election</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Apartheid_legislation" title="Apartheid legislation">Apartheid legislation</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pass_laws" class="mw-redirect" title="Pass laws">Pass laws</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Internal_resistance_to_apartheid" title="Internal resistance to apartheid">Internal resistance</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Coloured-vote_constitutional_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="Coloured-vote constitutional crisis">Coloured-vote constitutional crisis</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Defiance_Campaign" title="Defiance Campaign">Defiance Campaign</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_the_People_(1955)" title="Congress of the People (1955)">Congress of the People</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Freedom_Charter" title="Freedom Charter">Freedom Charter</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_March_(South_Africa)" title="Women's March (South Africa)">Women's March 1956</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1957_Alexandra_bus_boycott" title="1957 Alexandra bus boycott">1957 Alexandra bus boycott</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sharpeville_massacre" title="Sharpeville massacre">Sharpeville massacre</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1960_South_African_republic_referendum" title="1960 South African republic referendum">1960 republic referendum</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_South_Africa_during_apartheid" title="Foreign relations of South Africa during apartheid">International isolation</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_1761" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations General Assembly Resolution 1761">UN Resolution 1761</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_591" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 591">UNSC Resolution 591</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Academic_boycott_of_South_Africa" title="Academic boycott of South Africa">Academic boycott</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Disinvestment_from_South_Africa" title="Disinvestment from South Africa">Disinvestment</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Constructive_engagement" title="Constructive engagement">Constructive engagement</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tar_Baby_Option" class="mw-redirect" title="Tar Baby Option">Tar Baby Option</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sporting_boycott_of_South_Africa_during_the_apartheid_era" title="Sporting boycott of South Africa during the apartheid era">Sporting boycott</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Apartheid-era_South_Africa_and_the_Olympics" title="Apartheid-era South Africa and the Olympics">Olympics</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_and_apartheid" title="Rugby union and apartheid">Rugby union</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rivonia_Trial" title="Rivonia Trial">Rivonia Trial</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Durban_Moment" title="Durban Moment">Durban Moment</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/South_African_Border_War" title="South African Border War">Border War</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93South_Africa_relations#Strategic_relations" title="Israel–South Africa relations">Israeli alliance</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93South_Africa_Agreement" title="Israel–South Africa Agreement">Israel–South Africa Agreement</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mafeje_affair" title="Mafeje affair">Mafeje affair</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Soweto_uprising" title="Soweto uprising">Soweto Uprising</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/South_Africa_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction" title="South Africa and weapons of mass destruction">Weapons of mass destruction</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Project_Coast" title="Project Coast">Project Coast</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Church_Street_bombing" class="mw-redirect" title="Church Street bombing">Church Street bombing</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1983_South_African_constitutional_referendum" title="1983 South African constitutional referendum">1983 constitutional referendum</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Langa_massacre" title="Langa massacre">Langa massacre</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rubicon_speech" title="Rubicon speech">Rubicon speech</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Vula" title="Operation Vula">Operation Vula</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dakar_Conference" title="Dakar Conference">Dakar Conference</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1987_Transkei_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1987 Transkei coup d'état">Transkei coup d'état</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1990_Ciskei_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1990 Ciskei coup d'état">Ciskei coup d'état</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1990_Venda_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1990 Venda coup d'état">Venda coup d'état</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Third_Force_(South_Africa)" title="Third Force (South Africa)">Third Force</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Negotiations_to_end_apartheid_in_South_Africa" title="Negotiations to end apartheid in South Africa">CODESA</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Storming_of_the_Kempton_Park_World_Trade_Centre" title="Storming of the Kempton Park World Trade Centre">Storming of the Kempton Park World Trade Centre</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bisho_massacre" title="Bisho massacre">Bisho massacre</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1992_South_African_apartheid_referendum" title="1992 South African apartheid referendum">1992 apartheid referendum</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Saint_James_Church_massacre" title="Saint James Church massacre">Saint James Church massacre</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1994_Bophuthatswana_crisis" title="1994 Bophuthatswana crisis">Bophuthatswana crisis</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Shell_House_massacre" title="Shell House massacre">Shell House massacre</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_South_Africa_(1994%E2%80%93present)" title="History of South Africa (1994–present)">Post-<br />apartheid</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1994_South_African_general_election" title="1994 South African general election">1994 general election</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Nelson_Mandela" title="Cabinet of Nelson Mandela">Government of National Unity</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Reconstruction_and_Development_Programme" title="Reconstruction and Development Programme">Reconstruction and Development Programme</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Truth_and_Reconciliation_Commission_(South_Africa)" title="Truth and Reconciliation Commission (South Africa)">Truth and Reconciliation Commission</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/South_African_Arms_Deal" title="South African Arms Deal">Arms Deal</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Floor_crossing_(South_Africa)" title="Floor crossing (South Africa)">Floor crossing</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2002_Soweto_bombings" title="2002 Soweto bombings">Soweto bombings</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/African_Renaissance" title="African Renaissance">African Renaissance</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Travelgate_(South_Africa)" title="Travelgate (South Africa)">Travelgate</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Xenophobia_in_South_Africa" title="Xenophobia in South Africa">Xenophobia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Attack_on_Kennedy_Road" title="Attack on Kennedy Road">Attack on Kennedy Road</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Blikkiesdorp" title="Blikkiesdorp">Blikkiesdorp</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Marikana_killings" class="mw-redirect" title="Marikana killings">Marikana massacre</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Western_Cape_2012_Farm_Workers%27_strike" title="Western Cape 2012 Farm Workers' strike">2012 Western Cape farm workers' strike</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nkandla_(homestead)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nkandla (homestead)">Nkandlagate</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_South_Africa" title="Racism in South Africa">Racism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2014_South_African_platinum_strike" title="2014 South African platinum strike">2014 platinum strike</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rhodes_Must_Fall" title="Rhodes Must Fall">#RhodesMustFall protests</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/FeesMustFall" title="FeesMustFall">#FeesMustFall student protests</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tshwane_riots,_2016" class="mw-redirect" title="Tshwane riots, 2016">Tshwane riots</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2019_service_delivery_protests" title="2019 service delivery protests">2019 service delivery protests</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2019_Johannesburg_riots" title="2019 Johannesburg riots">2019 Johannesburg riots</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_Africa" title="COVID-19 pandemic in South Africa">COVID-19 pandemic</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2020_Phala_Phala_Robbery" title="2020 Phala Phala Robbery">2020 Phala Phala Robbery</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2021_South_African_unrest" title="2021 South African unrest">2021 unrest</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lady_R_incident" title="Lady R incident"><i>Lady R</i> incident</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Political culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/African_nationalism" title="African nationalism">African nationalism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Afrikaner_Calvinism" title="Afrikaner Calvinism">Afrikaner Calvinism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Afrikaner_nationalism" title="Afrikaner nationalism">Afrikaner nationalism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_South_Africa" title="Anarchism in South Africa">Anarchism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Azania" title="Azania">Azania</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Baasskap" title="Baasskap">Baasskap</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Boerehaat" title="Boerehaat">Boerehaat</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Black_Consciousness_Movement" title="Black Consciousness Movement">Black Consciousness Movement</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cape_Independence" class="mw-redirect" title="Cape Independence">Cape Independence</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Day_of_the_Vow" title="Day of the Vow">Day of the Vow</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Greater_South_Africa" title="Greater South Africa">Greater South Africa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Honorary_whites" title="Honorary whites">Honorary whites</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Rooi_gevaar" title="Rooi gevaar">Rooi gevaar</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_South_Africa" title="Slavery in South Africa">Slavery</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Swart_gevaar" title="Swart gevaar">Swart gevaar</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Uitlander" title="Uitlander">Uitlander</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Volkstaat" title="Volkstaat">Volkstaat</a></i></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct<br />organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Civic and political<br />organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Afrikaner_Bond" title="Afrikaner Bond">Afrikaner Bond</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Afrikaner_Broederbond" title="Afrikaner Broederbond">Afrikaner Broederbond</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Afrikaner_Party" title="Afrikaner Party">Afrikaner Party</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Abolition_of_Income_Tax_and_Usury_Party" title="Abolition of Income Tax and Usury Party">AITUP</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/African_Political_Organization" class="mw-redirect" title="African Political Organization">APO</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Afrikaner_Volksfront" title="Afrikaner Volksfront">AVF</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Black_People%27s_Convention" title="Black People's Convention">BPC</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Black_Sash" title="Black Sash">Black Sash</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Boerestaat_Party" title="Boerestaat Party">Boerestaat Party</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Christian_Democratic_Alliance_(South_Africa)" title="Christian Democratic Alliance (South Africa)">CDA</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ciskei_National_Independence_Party" title="Ciskei National Independence Party">CNIP</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cape_Town_Ecology_Group" title="Cape Town Ecology Group">CTEG</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/South_African_Congress_of_Democrats" title="South African Congress of Democrats">COD</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Congress_Alliance" title="Congress Alliance">Congress Alliance</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Conscientious_Objector_Support_Group" title="Conscientious Objector Support Group">COSG</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_South_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Conservative Party of South Africa">CP</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Left_Front" title="Democratic Left Front">DLF</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dominion_Party_(South_Africa)" title="Dominion Party (South Africa)">Dominion Party</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(South_Africa,_1973)" title="Democratic Party (South Africa, 1973)">DP (1973–1977)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(South_Africa)" title="Democratic Party (South Africa)">DP (1989–2000)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Progressive_Party_(Transkei)" title="Democratic Progressive Party (Transkei)">DPP</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Socialist_Movement_(South_Africa)" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic Socialist Movement (South Africa)">DSM</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/End_Conscription_Campaign" title="End Conscription Campaign">ECC</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Federal_Alliance_(South_Africa)" title="Federal Alliance (South Africa)">FA</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Democrats_(South_Africa)" title="Federation of Democrats (South Africa)">FD</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Genootskap_van_Regte_Afrikaners" title="Genootskap van Regte Afrikaners">Genootskap van Regte Afrikaners</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Purified_National_Party" title="Purified National Party">GNP</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Het_Volk_(political_party)" title="Het Volk (political party)">Het Volk</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Herenigde_Nasionale_Party" title="Herenigde Nasionale Party">HNP (Herenigde)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Herstigte_Nasionale_Party" title="Herstigte Nasionale Party">HNP (Herstigte)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Institute_for_Democratic_Alternatives_in_South_Africa" title="Institute for Democratic Alternatives in South Africa">IDASA</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Independent_Democrats" title="Independent Democrats">ID</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Independent_Party_(South_Africa)" title="Independent Party (South Africa)">IP</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/International_Socialist_League_(South_Africa)" title="International Socialist League (South Africa)">ISL</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jeugkrag" title="Jeugkrag">Jeugkrag</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Johannesburg_Reform_Committee" title="Johannesburg Reform Committee">Johannesburg Reform Committee</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(South_Africa)" title="Labour Party (South Africa)">Labour Party (1910–1958)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(South_Africa,_1969)" title="Labour Party (South Africa, 1969)">Labour Party (1969–1994)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_South_Africa" title="Liberal Party of South Africa">Liberal Party (1953–1968)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Action_(South_Africa)" title="National Action (South Africa)">NA</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Conservative_Party_(South_Africa)" title="National Conservative Party (South Africa)">NCP</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Natal_Indian_Congress" title="Natal Indian Congress">Natal Indian Congress</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/New_Labour_Party_(South_Africa)" title="New Labour Party (South Africa)">NLP</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/New_National_Party_(South_Africa)" title="New National Party (South Africa)">NNP</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Party_(South_Africa)" title="National Party (South Africa)">NP</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_People%27s_Party_(South_Africa,_1981)" title="National People's Party (South Africa, 1981)">NPP</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/New_Republic_Party_(South_Africa)" title="New Republic Party (South Africa)">NRP</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Union_of_South_African_Students" title="National Union of South African Students">NUSAS</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Occupy_South_Africa" title="Occupy South Africa">Occupy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Orangia_Unie" title="Orangia Unie">Orangia Unie</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vereniging_van_Oranjewerkers" title="Vereniging van Oranjewerkers">Oranjewerkers</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Orde_Boerevolk" title="Orde Boerevolk">Orde Boerevolk</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Progressive_ANC_Voters_Network" title="Progressive ANC Voters Network">PAVN</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Federal_Party" title="Progressive Federal Party">PFP</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Party_(Cape_Colony)" title="Progressive Party (Cape Colony)">Progressive Party (Cape Colony)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Party_(South_Africa)" title="Progressive Party (South Africa)">Progressive Party</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Reform_Party_(South_Africa)" title="Progressive Reform Party (South Africa)">PRP</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Radio_Freedom" title="Radio Freedom">Radio Freedom</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Reform_Party_(South_Africa)" title="Reform Party (South Africa)">Reform Party</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/South_African_Business_Party" title="South African Business Party">SABP</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/South_African_Democratic_Convention" class="mw-redirect" title="South African Democratic Convention">SADECO</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/South_African_Indian_Congress" title="South African Indian Congress">SAIC</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/South_African_Students%27_Organisation" title="South African Students' Organisation">SASO</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/South_African_Youth_Congress" title="South African Youth Congress">SAYCO</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/South_African_Youth_Revolutionary_Council" title="South African Youth Revolutionary Council">SAYRCO</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/South_African_Party_(Cape_Colony)" title="South African Party (Cape Colony)">South African Party (Cape Colony)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/South_African_Party" title="South African Party">South African Party (1911–1934)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/South_African_Party_(Republic_of_South_Africa)" title="South African Party (Republic of South Africa)">South African Party (1977–1980)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Transkei_National_Independence_Party" title="Transkei National Independence Party">TNIP</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Torch_Commando" title="Torch Commando">Torch Commando</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Union_Federal_Party" title="Union Federal Party">UFP</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/United_Party_(South_Africa)" title="United Party (South Africa)">United Party</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Unionist_Party_(South_Africa)" title="Unionist Party (South Africa)">Unionist Party</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Party_of_Venda" title="National Party of Venda">National Party of Venda</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Volksparty" title="Volksparty">Volksparty</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Workers_Party_of_South_Africa" title="Workers Party of South Africa">Workers Party</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Workers_Organisation_for_Socialist_Action" title="Workers Organisation for Socialist Action">WOSA</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Trade unions and<br />social movements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Anti-Privatisation_Forum" title="Anti-Privatisation Forum">APF</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Black_Consciousness_Movement" title="Black Consciousness Movement">BCM</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Black_Trade_Union_of_Transnet_Workers" title="Black Trade Union of Transnet Workers">BLATU</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Non-European_Trade_Unions" title="Council of Non-European Trade Unions">CNETU</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cape_Town_Stevedoring_Workers_Union" title="Cape Town Stevedoring Workers Union">CTSWU</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Food_and_Canning_Workers%27_Union" title="Food and Canning Workers' Union">FCWU</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Non-European_Trade_Unions" title="Federation of Non-European Trade Unions">FNETU</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Federation_of_South_African_Trade_Unions" title="Federation of South African Trade Unions">FOSATU</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Industrial_and_Commercial_Workers%27_Union" title="Industrial and Commercial Workers' Union">ICU</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Industrial_Workers_of_the_World_(South_Africa)" title="Industrial Workers of the World (South Africa)">IWW</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Musicians_Union_of_South_Africa" title="Musicians Union of South Africa">MUSA</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Non-European_Unity_Movement" title="Non-European Unity Movement">NEUM</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Union_of_Railway_and_Harbour_Servants" title="National Union of Railway and Harbour Servants">NURHS</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Performing_Arts_Workers%27_Equity" title="Performing Arts Workers' Equity">PAWE</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/South_African_Agricultural_Plantation_and_Allied_Workers_Union" title="South African Agricultural Plantation and Allied Workers Union">SAAPAWU</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/South_African_Congress_of_Trade_Unions" title="South African Congress of Trade Unions">SACTU</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/South_African_Industrial_Federation" title="South African Industrial Federation">SAIF</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/South_African_Railways_and_Harbours_Union" title="South African Railways and Harbours Union">SARHU</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/South_African_Trades_Union_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="South African Trades Union Council">SATUC</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Die_Spoorbund" class="mw-redirect" title="Die Spoorbund">Die Spoorbund</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/United_Democratic_Front_(South_Africa)" title="United Democratic Front (South Africa)">UDF</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Umkosi_Wezintaba" title="Umkosi Wezintaba">Umkosi Wezintaba</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Paramilitary and<br />terrorist organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Azanian_People%27s_Liberation_Army" title="Azanian People's Liberation Army">APLA</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/African_Resistance_Movement" title="African Resistance Movement">ARM</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Afrikaner_Weerstandsbeweging" title="Afrikaner Weerstandsbeweging">AWB</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Blanke_Bevrydingsbeweging" title="Blanke Bevrydingsbeweging">BBB</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Boeremag" title="Boeremag">Boeremag</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/South_African_Gentile_National_Socialist_Movement" title="South African Gentile National Socialist Movement">Greyshirts</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Umkhonto_we_Sizwe" class="mw-redirect" title="Umkhonto we Sizwe">MK</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ossewabrandwag" title="Ossewabrandwag">Ossewabrandwag</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Orde_van_die_Dood" title="Orde van die Dood">Orde van die Dood</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/People_Against_Gangsterism_and_Drugs" title="People Against Gangsterism and Drugs">PAGAD</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/South_African_National_Front" title="South African National Front">SANF</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Histories of<br />political parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_African_National_Congress" title="History of the African National Congress">African National Congress</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Democratic_Alliance_(South_Africa)" title="History of the Democratic Alliance (South Africa)">Democratic Alliance</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Pan_Africanist_Congress_of_Azania" title="History of the Pan Africanist Congress of Azania">Pan Africanist Congress of Azania</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Political_history_of_South_Africa" title="Category:Political history of South Africa">Category</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Governors,_civil_commissioners_and_administrators_of_British_dependencies" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:British_dependencies_governors" title="Template:British dependencies governors"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:British_dependencies_governors" title="Template talk:British dependencies governors"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:British_dependencies_governors" title="Special:EditPage/Template:British dependencies governors"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Governors,_civil_commissioners_and_administrators_of_British_dependencies" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_viceregal_representatives_of_The_Crown" class="mw-redirect" title="List of current viceregal representatives of The Crown">Governors, civil commissioners and administrators of British dependencies</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Crown_Dependencies" title="Crown Dependencies">Crown<br />Dependencies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Guernsey" title="Lieutenant Governor of Guernsey">Lieutenant Governor of Guernsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_the_Isle_of_Man" title="Lieutenant Governor of the Isle of Man">Lieutenant Governor of the Isle of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Jersey" title="Lieutenant Governor of Jersey">Lieutenant Governor of Jersey</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_(HM_Government,_1901-1952).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Royal_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%28HM_Government%2C_1901-1952%29.svg/100px-Royal_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%28HM_Government%2C_1901-1952%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Royal_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%28HM_Government%2C_1901-1952%29.svg/150px-Royal_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%28HM_Government%2C_1901-1952%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Royal_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%28HM_Government%2C_1901-1952%29.svg/200px-Royal_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%28HM_Government%2C_1901-1952%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="402" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories" title="British Overseas Territories">Overseas<br />territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Anguilla" title="Governor of Anguilla">Governor of Anguilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Ascension" title="Governor of Ascension">Governor of Ascension (Administrator of Ascension)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Bermuda" title="Governor of Bermuda">Governor of Bermuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commissioner_for_the_British_Antarctic_Territory" title="Commissioner for the British Antarctic Territory">Commissioner for the British Antarctic Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commissioner_for_the_British_Indian_Ocean_Territory" title="Commissioner for the British Indian Ocean Territory">Commissioner for the British Indian Ocean Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_the_Virgin_Islands" title="Governor of the Virgin Islands">Governor of the Virgin Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_the_Cayman_Islands" title="Governor of the Cayman Islands">Governor of the Cayman Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_the_Falkland_Islands" title="List of governors of the Falkland Islands">Governor of the Falkland Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Gibraltar" title="Governor of Gibraltar">Governor of Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Montserrat" title="Governor of Montserrat">Governor of Montserrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Pitcairn" title="Governor of Pitcairn">Governor of Pitcairn</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administrator_of_the_Pitcairn_Islands" title="Administrator of the Pitcairn Islands">Administrator of the Pitcairn Islands</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commissioner_for_South_Georgia_and_the_South_Sandwich_Islands" title="Commissioner for South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands">Commissioner for South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Saint_Helena" title="Governor of Saint Helena">Governor of Saint Helena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Tristan_da_Cunha" title="Governor of Tristan da Cunha">Governor of Tristan da Cunha (Administrator of Tristan da Cunha)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" title="Governor of the Turks and Caicos Islands">Governor of the Turks and Caicos Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i>former<br />(Africa)</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_British_Mauritius" title="Governor of British Mauritius">Governor of British Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_colonial_governors_and_administrators_of_British_Cameroons" class="mw-redirect" title="List of colonial governors and administrators of British Cameroons">Governor of British Cameroons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_colonial_governors_of_the_Gambia" title="List of colonial governors of the Gambia">Governor of the Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Gold_Coast" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor of Gold Coast">Governor of Gold Coast</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lieutenant Governor of Griqualand West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Kenya" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor of Kenya">Governor of Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Lagos_Colony" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor of Lagos Colony">Governor of Lagos Colony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_the_Federation_of_Rhodesia_and_Nyasaland" title="Governor-General of the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland">Governor-General of the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Northern_Rhodesia" title="Governor of Northern Rhodesia">Governor of Northern Rhodesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Nyasaland" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor of Nyasaland">Governor of Nyasaland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Southern_Rhodesia" title="Governor of Southern Rhodesia">Governor of Southern Rhodesia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Nigeria" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor of Nigeria">Governor of Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Senegal" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor of Senegal">Governor of Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_the_Seychelles" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor of the Seychelles">Governor of the Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Sierra_Leone" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor of Sierra Leone">Governor of Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_South_Africa" title="Governor-General of South Africa">Governor-General of South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Commissioner_for_Southern_Africa" title="High Commissioner for Southern Africa">High Commissioner for Southern Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_British_South_African_colonies" title="List of governors of British South African colonies">Governors of British South African colonies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_colonial_governors_of_British_Somaliland" title="List of colonial governors of British Somaliland">Governor of British Somaliland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Tanganyika" title="List of governors of Tanganyika">Governor of Tanganyika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Uganda" title="List of governors of Uganda">Governor of Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_representatives_in_Zanzibar" title="List of British representatives in Zanzibar">Resident in Zanzibar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i>former<br />(Americas)</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_the_Bahamas" title="List of governors of the Bahamas">Governor of the Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Barbados" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor of Barbados">Governor of Barbados</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Grenada" class="mw-redirect" title="Lieutenant Governor of Grenada">Lieutenant Governor of Grenada</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berbice" title="Berbice">Lieutenant-Governor of Berbice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_British_Guiana" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor of British Guiana">Governor of British Guiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_British_Honduras" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor of British Honduras">Governor of British Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Cuba" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor of Cuba">Governor of Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_colonial_governors_and_administrators_of_Dominica" title="List of colonial governors and administrators of Dominica">Governor of Dominica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demerara-Essequibo" title="Demerara-Essequibo">Lieutenant-Governor of Demerara-Essequibo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_colonial_governors_of_Grenada#British_governors_of_Grenada_(1762–1802)" class="mw-redirect" title="List of colonial governors of Grenada">Governor of Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Jamaica" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor of Jamaica">Governor of Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_the_Leeward_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor of the Leeward Islands">Governor of the Leeward Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_St._Lucia" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor of St. Lucia">Governor of St. Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_St._Vincent" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor of St. Vincent">Governor of St. Vincent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor of Trinidad and Tobago">Governor of Trinidad and Tobago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Tobago" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor of Tobago">Lieutenant governors of Tobago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Trinidad" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor of Trinidad">Governor of Trinidad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lieutenant_governors_of_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" class="mw-redirect" title="List of lieutenant governors of Newfoundland and Labrador">Governor of Newfoundland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_general_of_Canada" title="List of governors general of Canada">Governor General of Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_British_Columbia" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor of British Columbia">Governor of British Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_New_Brunswick" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor of New Brunswick">Governor of New Brunswick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lieutenant_governors_of_Nova_Scotia" title="List of lieutenant governors of Nova Scotia">Governor of Nova-Scotia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Prince_Edward_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor of Prince Edward Island">Governor of Prince Edward Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lieutenant_governors_of_Quebec#Lieutenant_Governors_of_the_Province_of_Quebec,_1760–1791" title="List of lieutenant governors of Quebec">Lieutenant Governor of Quebec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Saint_Christopher,_Nevis_and_Anguilla" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor of Saint Christopher, Nevis and Anguilla">Governor of Saint Christopher, Nevis and Anguilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor-in-Chief_of_the_Windward_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor-in-Chief of the Windward Islands">Governor-in-Chief of the Windward Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_the_West_Indies_Federation" title="Governor-General of the West Indies Federation">Governor-General of the West Indies Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_colonial_governors_of_Connecticut" title="List of colonial governors of Connecticut">Governor of Connecticut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_colonial_governors_of_Pennsylvania" title="List of colonial governors of Pennsylvania">Governor of Delaware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_colonial_governors_of_Florida" title="List of colonial governors of Florida">Governor of Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_colonial_governors_of_Georgia" title="List of colonial governors of Georgia">Governor of Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_colonial_governors_of_Maryland" title="List of colonial governors of Maryland">Governor of Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_colonial_governors_of_Massachusetts" title="List of colonial governors of Massachusetts">Governor of Massachusetts-Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_colonial_governors_of_New_Hampshire" title="List of colonial governors of New Hampshire">Governor of New Hampshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_colonial_governors_of_New_Jersey" title="List of colonial governors of New Jersey">Governor of New-Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonial_Governor_of_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Colonial Governor of New York">Governor of New-York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_North-Carolina_(1712%E2%80%931776)" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor of North-Carolina (1712–1776)">Governor of North-Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_colonial_governors_of_Pennsylvania" title="List of colonial governors of Pennsylvania">Governor of Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_colonial_governors_of_Rhode_Island" title="List of colonial governors of Rhode Island">Governor of Rhode-island and Providence Plantations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_colonial_governors_of_South_Carolina" title="List of colonial governors of South Carolina">Governor of South-Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_colonial_governors_of_Virginia" title="List of colonial governors of Virginia">Governor of Virginia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i>former<br />(Asia)</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_colonial_administrators_of_Aden" title="List of British colonial administrators of Aden">Governor of Aden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_colonial_governors_of_Burma" title="List of colonial governors of Burma">Governor of Burma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governors_of_British_Ceylon" title="Governors of British Ceylon">Governor of Ceylon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_High_Commissioners_of_the_United_Kingdom_for_Malaya" class="mw-redirect" title="List of High Commissioners of the United Kingdom for Malaya">High Commissioner for the Federated Malay States</a> <ul><li>Senior British representatives in the constituent protected states</li> <li>Senior British representatives in the neighbouring Malayan protected states <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_Adviser_to_the_Government_of_Johore" class="mw-redirect" title="General Adviser to the Government of Johore">General Adviser to the Government of Johore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adviser_to_the_Sultan_of_Kedah" class="mw-redirect" title="Adviser to the Sultan of Kedah">Adviser to the Sultan of Kedah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adviser_to_the_Government_of_Kelantan" class="mw-redirect" title="Adviser to the Government of Kelantan">Adviser to the Government of Kelantan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adviser_to_the_Government_of_Perlis" class="mw-redirect" title="Adviser to the Government of Perlis">Adviser to the Government of Perlis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adviser,_Trengganu" class="mw-redirect" title="Adviser, Trengganu">Adviser, Trengganu</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Hong_Kong" title="Governor of Hong Kong">Governor of Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors-general_of_India" title="List of governors-general of India">Viceroy and Governor-General of India</a> <ul><li>Heads of the provinces of British India <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_colonial_administrators_of_Aden" title="List of British colonial administrators of Aden">Governor of Aden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Bengal_Presidency" title="List of governors of Bengal Presidency">Governor of Bengal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Bombay_Presidency" title="List of governors of Bombay Presidency">Governor of Bombay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_colonial_Governors_and_Presidents_of_Madras_Presidency" class="mw-redirect" title="List of colonial Governors and Presidents of Madras Presidency">Governor of Madras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_commissioners_and_governors_of_Sind_in_British_India" class="mw-redirect" title="List of commissioners and governors of Sind in British India">Governor of Sindh</a></li></ul></li> <li>Senior British representatives in neighbouring protected states <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Resident_of_Gwalior" class="mw-redirect" title="Resident of Gwalior">Resident of Gwalior</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandatory_Iraq#British_High_Commissioners_to_the_Kingdom_of_Iraq" title="Mandatory Iraq">High Commissioner for Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Labuan" title="Governor of Labuan">Governor of Labuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_representatives_in_Muscat_and_Oman" title="List of British representatives in Muscat and Oman">Representative in Muscat and Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Commissioner_for_Malaya" class="mw-redirect" title="High Commissioner for Malaya">High Commissioner for Malaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_the_Malayan_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor of the Malayan Union">Governor of the Malayan Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_North_Borneo" title="Governor of North Borneo">Governor of North Borneo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_resident_ministers_in_Nepal" title="List of British resident ministers in Nepal">Resident Minister in Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Commissioners_for_Palestine_and_Transjordan" class="mw-redirect" title="High Commissioners for Palestine and Transjordan">High Commissioners for Palestine and Transjordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Penang" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor of Penang">Governor of Penang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_representatives_in_the_Raj_of_Sarawak" title="List of British representatives in the Raj of Sarawak">Representative in the Raj of Sarawak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_Colony_of_Sarawak#Administration" title="Crown Colony of Sarawak">Governor of the Crown Colony of Sarawak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Singapore" title="List of governors of Singapore">Governor of Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_representatives_in_the_Trucial_States" title="List of British representatives in the Trucial States">Representative in the Trucial States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i>former<br />(Europe)</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_colonial_governors_and_administrators_of_British_Cyprus" title="List of colonial governors and administrators of British Cyprus">Governor of Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heligoland" title="Heligoland">Lieutenant Governor of Heligoland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Commissioner_of_the_Ionian_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="High Commissioner of the Ionian Islands">High Commissioner of the Ionian Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_the_Isle_of_Wight" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor of the Isle of Wight">Governor of the Isle of Wight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_civil_commissioners_of_Malta" title="List of civil commissioners of Malta">Civil Commissioner of Malta</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Malta" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor of Malta">Governor of Malta</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Minorca" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor of Minorca">Governor of Minorca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Northern_Ireland" title="Governor of Northern Ireland">Governor of Northern Ireland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i>former<br />(Oceania)</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Fiji" title="Governor of Fiji">Governor of Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors-general_of_New_Zealand" title="List of governors-general of New Zealand">Governor-General of New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Governor-General of Papua New Guinea">Governor-General of Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_resident_commissioners_and_governors_of_the_Solomon_Islands" title="List of resident commissioners and governors of the Solomon Islands">Governor of the Solomon Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_consuls_in_Tonga" title="List of British consuls in Tonga">Consul in Tonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Commissioner_for_the_Western_Pacific" title="High Commissioner for the Western Pacific">High Commissioner for the Western Pacific</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="former(Australia)" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i>former<br />(Australia)</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors-general_of_Australia" title="List of governors-general of Australia">Governor-General of Australia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Government_Resident_of_Central_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Government Resident of Central Australia">Government Resident of Central Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_New_South_Wales" title="Governor of New South Wales">Governor of New South Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_Resident_of_North_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Government Resident of North Australia">Government Resident of North Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Queensland" title="Governor of Queensland">Governor of Queensland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_South_Australia" title="Governor of South Australia">Governor of South Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Tasmania" title="Governor of Tasmania">Governor of Tasmania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Victoria" title="Governor of Victoria">Governor of Victoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Western_Australia" title="Governor of Western Australia">Governor of Western Australia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_the_Swan_River_Colony" class="mw-redirect" title="Lieutenant Governor of the Swan River Colony">Lieutenant Governor of the Swan River Colony</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Viceroys_of_the_British_monarch" title="Category:Viceroys of the British monarch">category</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2547918#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2547918#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2547918#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/241214277">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJh4y6P3h9JHrRBt6TB773">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Griqualand_West&params=28.7500_S_24.7667_E_source:wikidata"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">28°45′00″S</span> <span class="longitude">24°46′00″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">28.7500°S 24.7667°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-28.7500; 24.7667</span></span></span></a></span></span> </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Griqualand_West&oldid=1215861702">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Griqualand_West&oldid=1215861702</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Griqualand_West" title="Category:Griqualand West">Griqualand West</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Griqua_people" title="Category:Griqua people">Griqua people</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_the_Northern_Cape" title="Category:History of the Northern Cape">History of the Northern Cape</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Former_British_colonies_and_protectorates_in_Africa" title="Category:Former British colonies and protectorates in Africa">Former British colonies and protectorates in Africa</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cape_Colony" title="Category:Cape Colony">Cape Colony</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Kimberley,_Northern_Cape" title="Category:Kimberley, Northern Cape">Kimberley, Northern Cape</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1870s_in_South_Africa" title="Category:1870s in South Africa">1870s in South Africa</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1880s_in_South_Africa" title="Category:1880s in South Africa">1880s in South Africa</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:States_and_territories_established_in_1873" title="Category:States and territories established in 1873">States and territories established in 1873</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:States_and_territories_established_in_1880" title="Category:States and territories established in 1880">States and territories established in 1880</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1873_establishments_in_Africa" title="Category:1873 establishments in Africa">1873 establishments in Africa</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1880s_disestablishments_in_Africa" title="Category:1880s disestablishments in Africa">1880s disestablishments in Africa</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1873_establishments_in_the_British_Empire" title="Category:1873 establishments in the British Empire">1873 establishments in the British Empire</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1880s_disestablishments_in_the_British_Empire" title="Category:1880s disestablishments in the British Empire">1880s disestablishments in the British Empire</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:19th_century_in_South_Africa" title="Category:19th century in South Africa">19th century in South Africa</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Former_republics" title="Category:Former republics">Former republics</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_gadget_WikiMiniAtlas" title="Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas">Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_October_2020" title="Category:Use dmy dates from October 2020">Use dmy dates from October 2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_references_from_August_2012" title="Category:Articles needing additional references from August 2012">Articles needing additional references from August 2012</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_additional_references" title="Category:All articles needing additional references">All articles needing additional references</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_infobox_country_or_infobox_former_country_with_the_flag_caption_or_type_parameters" title="Category:Pages using infobox country or infobox former country with the flag caption or type parameters">Pages using infobox country or infobox former country with the flag caption or type parameters</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link is on Wikidata">Commons category link is on Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Coordinates_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Coordinates on Wikidata">Coordinates on Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 27 March 2024, at 15:40<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Griqualand_West&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-6b7f745dd4-cv7xm","wgBackendResponseTime":153,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.872","walltime":"1.297","ppvisitednodes":{"value":5725,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":210007,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":5110,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":16,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":8,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":90225,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1058.818 1 -total"," 26.86% 284.411 1 Template:Infobox_country"," 15.91% 168.432 1 Template:Reflist"," 14.48% 153.310 1 Template:SouthAfrica_state"," 13.41% 142.007 1 Template:Sidebar_with_collapsible_lists"," 9.21% 97.486 1 Template:Short_description"," 7.53% 79.688 4 Template:Cite_web"," 7.50% 79.403 6 Template:Navbox"," 6.99% 73.970 1 Template:ISO_3166_code"," 6.89% 72.940 1 Template:More_citations_needed"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.495","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":10720272,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"table#1 {\n [\"size\"] = \"tiny\",\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-ext.eqiad.main-6696b4cc84-sdtsw","timestamp":"20241122153641","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Griqualand West","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Griqualand_West","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q2547918","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q2547918","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2004-08-09T17:27:20Z","dateModified":"2024-03-27T15:40:10Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/8\/8d\/FlagGriekwalandEast.svg","headline":"area of central South Africa"}</script> </body> </html>