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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Geography and climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geography_and_climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Government</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Demographics subsection</span> </button> <ul 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class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Economy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Agriculture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Agriculture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Agriculture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Agriculture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Industry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Industry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Industry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Industry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transportation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transportation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Transportation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Education-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Education subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Colleges_and_universities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Colleges_and_universities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Colleges and universities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Colleges_and_universities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Society_and_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Society_and_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Society and culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Society_and_culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Society and culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Society_and_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Tourist_attractions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tourist_attractions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Tourist attractions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tourist_attractions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Famous_people_of_Shangqiu" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Famous_people_of_Shangqiu"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Famous people of Shangqiu</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Famous_people_of_Shangqiu-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Miscellaneous" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Miscellaneous"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Miscellaneous</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Miscellaneous-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Shangqiu</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 40 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-40" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">40 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shangqiu" title="Shangqiu – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Shangqiu" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%BB%E1%8A%95%E1%8C%8D%E1%8C%AD%E1%8B%A9" title="ሻንግጭዩ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ሻንግጭዩ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%BA%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%88" title="شانغكيو – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="شانغكيو" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shangqiu" title="Shangqiu – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Shangqiu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siong-khiu-chh%C4%AB" title="Siong-khiu-chhī – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Siong-khiu-chhī" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shangqiu" title="Shangqiu – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Shangqiu" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shangqiu_(lungsod_sa_Pangmasang_Republika_sa_T%C5%9Bina)" title="Shangqiu (lungsod sa Pangmasang Republika sa Tśina) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Shangqiu (lungsod sa Pangmasang Republika sa Tśina)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0ang-%C4%8Dchiou" title="Šang-čchiou – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Šang-čchiou" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shangqiu" title="Shangqiu – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Shangqiu" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shangqiu" title="Shangqiu – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Shangqiu" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shangqiu" title="Shangqiu – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Shangqiu" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shangqiu" title="Shangqiu – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Shangqiu" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%88" title="شانگکیو – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="شانگکیو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shangqiu" title="Shangqiu – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Shangqiu" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shangqiu" title="Shangqiu – Kikuyu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Shangqiu" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="Kikuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%83%81%EC%B6%94%EC%8B%9C" title="상추시 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="상추시" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shangqiu" title="Shangqiu – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Shangqiu" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shangqiu" title="Shangqiu – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Shangqiu" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shangqiu" title="Shangqiu – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Shangqiu" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shangqiu" title="Shangqiu – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Shangqiu" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shangqiu" title="Shangqiu – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Shangqiu" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%88" title="شانجكيو – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="شانجكيو" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Si%C5%8Fng-ki%C5%AD" title="Siŏng-kiŭ – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Siŏng-kiŭ" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shangqiu" title="Shangqiu – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Shangqiu" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%95%86%E4%B8%98%E5%B8%82" title="商丘市 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="商丘市" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shangqiu" title="Shangqiu – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Shangqiu" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shangqiu" title="Shangqiu – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Shangqiu" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shangqiu" title="Shangqiu – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Shangqiu" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%8E" title="Шанцю – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Шанцю" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shangqiu" title="Shangqiu – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Shangqiu" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DA%86%DB%8C%D9%88" title="شانگچیو – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="شانگچیو" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shangqiu" title="Shangqiu – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Shangqiu" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shangqiu" title="Shangqiu – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Shangqiu" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shangqiu" title="Shangqiu – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Shangqiu" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%8E" title="Шанцю – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Шанцю" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DA%86%DB%8C%D9%88" title="شانگچیو – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="شانگچیو" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_Kh%C3%A2u" title="Thương Khâu – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thương Khâu" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shangqiu" title="Shangqiu – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Shangqiu" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%95%86%E9%82%B1" title="商邱 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="商邱" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%95%86%E4%B8%98%E5%B8%82" title="商丘市 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="商丘市" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q404817#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Shangqiu&params=34.415_N_115.656_E_type:adm2nd_region:CN-41_source:Gaode"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">34°24′54″N</span> <span class="longitude">115°39′22″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">34.415°N 115.656°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">34.415; 115.656</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Prefecture-level city in Henan, People's Republic of China</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Shangqiu</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native" lang="zh">商丘市</div><div class="nickname ib-settlement-other-name">Shangkiu</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Prefecture-level_city" title="Prefecture-level city">Prefecture-level city</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:20220726_Historic_City_of_Shangqiu_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Aerial view of Shangqiu old city"><img alt="Aerial view of Shangqiu old city" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/20220726_Historic_City_of_Shangqiu_01.jpg/250px-20220726_Historic_City_of_Shangqiu_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/20220726_Historic_City_of_Shangqiu_01.jpg/375px-20220726_Historic_City_of_Shangqiu_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/20220726_Historic_City_of_Shangqiu_01.jpg/500px-20220726_Historic_City_of_Shangqiu_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Aerial view of Shangqiu old city</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ChinaHenanShangqiu.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Shangqiu Prefecture in Henan"><img alt="Shangqiu Prefecture in Henan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/ChinaHenanShangqiu.png/250px-ChinaHenanShangqiu.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="239" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/ChinaHenanShangqiu.png/375px-ChinaHenanShangqiu.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/86/ChinaHenanShangqiu.png 2x" data-file-width="491" data-file-height="469" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Shangqiu Prefecture in Henan</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:China_Northern_Plain_relief_location_map.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Shangqiu is located in Northern China"><img alt="Shangqiu is located in Northern China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/China_Northern_Plain_relief_location_map.png/250px-China_Northern_Plain_relief_location_map.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="214" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/China_Northern_Plain_relief_location_map.png/375px-China_Northern_Plain_relief_location_map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/China_Northern_Plain_relief_location_map.png/500px-China_Northern_Plain_relief_location_map.png 2x" data-file-width="1461" data-file-height="1248" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:54.179%;left:63.28%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Shangqiu"><img alt="Shangqiu" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Shangqiu</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location on the <a href="/wiki/North_China_Plain" title="North China Plain">North China Plain</a></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Northern China</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:China_edcp_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Shangqiu is located in China"><img alt="Shangqiu is located in China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/China_edcp_location_map.svg/250px-China_edcp_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="199" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/China_edcp_location_map.svg/375px-China_edcp_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/China_edcp_location_map.svg/500px-China_edcp_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="408" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:56.475%;left:69.459%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Shangqiu"><img alt="Shangqiu" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Shangqiu</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Shangqiu (China)</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of China</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates (Shangqiu municipal government): <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Shangqiu&params=34.415_N_115.656_E_type:adm2nd_region:CN-41_source:Gaode"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">34°24′54″N</span> <span class="longitude">115°39′22″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">34.415°N 115.656°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">34.415; 115.656</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">People's Republic of China</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Province_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Province of China">Province</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Henan" title="Henan">Henan</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Municipal seat</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Suiyang_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Suiyang District">Suiyang District</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-hongheiku_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hongheiku-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • <a href="/wiki/Prefecture-level_city" title="Prefecture-level city">Prefecture-level city</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">10,658 km<sup>2</sup> (4,115 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Urban<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,697 km<sup>2</sup> (655 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Metro<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">3,255 km<sup>2</sup> (1,257 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">50 m (165 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2020 census)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • <a href="/wiki/Prefecture-level_city" title="Prefecture-level city">Prefecture-level city</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">7,816,831</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">730/km<sup>2</sup> (1,900/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Urban_area" title="Urban area">Urban</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,859,723</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Urban density</th><td class="infobox-data">1,100/km<sup>2</sup> (2,800/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_area" title="Metropolitan area">Metro</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">2,831,814</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Metro density</th><td class="infobox-data">870/km<sup>2</sup> (2,300/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">GDP<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Prefecture-level_city" title="Prefecture-level city">Prefecture-level city</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Renminbi" title="Renminbi">CN¥</a> 198.9 billion<br /><a href="/wiki/US$" class="mw-redirect" title="US$">US$</a> 29.9 billion</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Per capita</th><td class="infobox-data">CN¥ 27,332<br />US$ 4,115</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B8" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+8">UTC+8</a> (<a href="/wiki/China_Standard_Time" class="mw-redirect" title="China Standard Time">China Standard</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Postal_code_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Postal code of China">Postal Code</a></th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">476000</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbering_plan" title="Telephone numbering plan">Area code</a></th><td class="infobox-data">370</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166 code</a></th><td class="infobox-data nickname"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2:CN" title="ISO 3166-2:CN">CN-HA-14</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Major <a href="/wiki/Nationalities_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Nationalities of China">Nationalities</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Han_Chinese" title="Han Chinese">Han</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China#County_level" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative divisions of the People's Republic of China">County-level divisions</a></th><td class="infobox-data">9</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China#Township_level" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative divisions of the People's Republic of China">Township-level divisions</a></th><td class="infobox-data">116</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/License_Plate_(China)" class="mw-redirect" title="License Plate (China)">License plate prefixes</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-CN"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%B1%AB" class="extiw" title="wikt:豫">豫</a>N</span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://shangqiu.gov.cn">shangqiu<wbr />.gov<wbr />.cn</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="color: #202122;background-color:#b0c4de">Shangqiu</th></tr><tr style="display:none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hani" style="font-size: 1rem;"><span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%95%86%E4%B8%98#Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:商丘">商丘</a></span></span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox-subbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="display:inline-table; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left;color: #202122; background-color: #f9ffbc;">Transcriptions</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Mandarin</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Shāngqiū</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles">Wade–Giles</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Shang<sup>1</sup>-chʻiu<sup>1</sup></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">IPA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="IPA" lang="cmn-Latn-fonipa" style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">[ʂáŋtɕʰjóʊ]</a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Cantonese" title="Cantonese">Yue: Cantonese</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Jyutping" title="Jyutping">Jyutping</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Yue Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="yue-Latn">Soeng<sup>1</sup>-jau<sup>1</sup></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Min" title="Southern Min">Southern Min</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Romanization_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Taiwanese Romanization System">Tâi-lô</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Min Nan Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="nan-Latn">Siong-khu</span></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de;">Alternative Chinese name</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hani" style="font-size: 1rem;"><span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%95%86%E9%82%B1#Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:商邱">商邱</a></span></span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox-subbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="display:inline-table; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left;color: #202122; background-color: #f9ffbc;">Transcriptions</th></tr></tbody></table></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Shangqiu</b> (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%95%86%E4%B8%98" class="extiw" title="wikt:商丘">商丘</a></span>), <a href="/wiki/Postal_romanization" class="mw-redirect" title="Postal romanization">alternately romanized</a> as <b>Shangkiu</b>, is a city in eastern <a href="/wiki/Henan" title="Henan">Henan</a> province, <a href="/wiki/Central_China" title="Central China">Central China</a>. It borders <a href="/wiki/Kaifeng" title="Kaifeng">Kaifeng</a> to the northwest, <a href="/wiki/Zhoukou" title="Zhoukou">Zhoukou</a> to the southwest, and the provinces of <a href="/wiki/Shandong" title="Shandong">Shandong</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anhui" title="Anhui">Anhui</a> to the northeast and southeast respectively. Its population was 7,816,831 inhabitants as of the <a href="/wiki/2020_Chinese_census" title="2020 Chinese census">2020 Chinese census</a> whom 2,831,814 lived in the built-up (<i>or metro</i>) area made up of two urban districts (Liangyuan and Suiyang) and Yucheng county now being conurbated. </p><p>Shangqiu and surrounding area was an important base for the <a href="/wiki/Shang_dynasty" title="Shang dynasty">Shang dynasty</a> (c. 1600 – c. 1046 BC), and the city itself was established more than three millennia ago. Shangqiu has grown significantly in recent years. It is located at an important location at the junction of several major railways, making it a major regional transportation hub. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shangqiu&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1511_Shangqiu_City_Wall_%26_South_Gate.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/1511_Shangqiu_City_Wall_%26_South_Gate.jpg/220px-1511_Shangqiu_City_Wall_%26_South_Gate.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/1511_Shangqiu_City_Wall_%26_South_Gate.jpg/330px-1511_Shangqiu_City_Wall_%26_South_Gate.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/1511_Shangqiu_City_Wall_%26_South_Gate.jpg/440px-1511_Shangqiu_City_Wall_%26_South_Gate.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Gongchen Gate, part of the Shangqiu city walls</figcaption></figure> <p>The history of Shangqiu ("Hills of Shang") is closely related to the very beginning of Chinese history. The tradition dates back to the <a href="/wiki/Three_August_Ones_and_Five_Emperors" class="mw-redirect" title="Three August Ones and Five Emperors">Three August Ones and Five Emperors</a> periods (c. 25th century BC), when the legendary Emperors <a href="/wiki/Shennong" title="Shennong">Shennong</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zhuanxu" title="Zhuanxu">Zhuanxu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Ku" title="Emperor Ku">Ku</a> were said to be living in the present Shangqiu area. The son of <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Ku" title="Emperor Ku">Emperor Ku</a>, Qi (<span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%A5%91#Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:契">契</a></span>), who helped <a href="/wiki/Yu_the_Great" title="Yu the Great">Yu the Great</a> to control floods, was <a href="/wiki/Feoffment#Asia" title="Feoffment">enfeoffed</a> the area of Shang, who also became the ancestor of the ancient Shang. Shangqiu was also reportedly one of the capitals defended by the Xia emperor <a href="/wiki/Xiang_of_Xia" title="Xiang of Xia">Xiang</a>, troubled by rebellions in his reign. The thirteenth generation grandson of Qi (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">契</span></span>), <a href="/wiki/Tang_of_Shang" title="Tang of Shang">Tang</a> overthrew the ruling Xia dynasty and founded the <a href="/wiki/Shang_dynasty" title="Shang dynasty">Shang dynasty</a>, with its first capital at Nanbo (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">南亳</span></span>, currently south of Shangqiu). Around the 11th century BC, the Shang dynasty was replaced by the Zhou dynasty. The royal descendants of the Shang dynasty were <a href="/wiki/Enfeoffment" class="mw-redirect" title="Enfeoffment">enfeoffed</a> the area of Shangqiu, which later became the <a href="/wiki/Song_(state)" title="Song (state)">state of Song</a>. </p><p>The Song capital, known as <b>Suiyang</b>, was located at present-day Nanguan (南关) in the south of Shangqiu's urban area.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Song was a major power during the <a href="/wiki/Spring_and_Autumn_period" title="Spring and Autumn period">Spring and Autumn</a> era, but declined during the <a href="/wiki/Warring_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Warring States">Warring States</a> era and eventually fell to the <a href="/wiki/Qi_(state)" title="Qi (state)">Qi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wei_(state)" title="Wei (state)">Wei</a> in 286 BC. In the <a href="/wiki/Han_dynasty" title="Han dynasty">Han dynasty</a>, Suiyang served as the capital of the <a href="/wiki/Liang_Kingdom" title="Liang Kingdom">Liang Kingdom</a>. <a href="/wiki/Liu_Wu,_Prince_of_Liang" title="Liu Wu, Prince of Liang">King Xiao of Liang</a> (r. 169 BC – 144 BC) stayed loyal to the <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Jing_of_Han" title="Emperor Jing of Han">Emperor Jing of Han</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Rebellion_of_the_Seven_States" title="Rebellion of the Seven States">Rebellion of the Seven States</a>, during which a failed siege of Suiyang caused the collapse of the main rebel army. The king was also a famous patron of arts and literature who hosted some of the best known Han poets, such as <a href="/wiki/Zhuang_Ji_(poet)" title="Zhuang Ji (poet)">Zhuang Ji</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sima_Xiangru" title="Sima Xiangru">Sima Xiangru</a>, in the Liang capital. </p><p>From the <a href="/wiki/Cao_Wei" title="Cao Wei">Cao Wei</a> dynasty to the early <a href="/wiki/Sui_dynasty" title="Sui dynasty">Sui dynasty</a>, Suiyang was the seat of Liang Commandery (梁郡). It became the seat of <a href="/wiki/Song_Prefecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Song Prefecture">Song Prefecture</a> (Songzhou) in 596 AD. During the <a href="/wiki/An_Lushan_rebellion" title="An Lushan rebellion">An Lushan rebellion</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty" title="Tang dynasty">Tang dynasty</a>, a ten-month-long <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Suiyang" title="Siege of Suiyang">siege of Suiyang</a> in 757 turned the tide of the war to the Tang's favor. </p><p>Before he ascended to the imperial throne as the Emperor Taizu of Song, <a href="/wiki/Zhao_Kuangyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhao Kuangyin">Zhao Kuangyin</a> was the <i><a href="/wiki/Jiedushi" title="Jiedushi">jiedushi</a></i> (military governor) of Guidejun (歸德軍), a region centered in Songzhou. Thus, he chose "Song" as the name of the new dynasty he founded in 960. The city was the southern capital of the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Song_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Song dynasty">Northern Song dynasty</a> under the name <b>Nanjing</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-chiknosong_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chiknosong-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shangqiu was the first in a series of temporary capitals that the Song dynasty government moved to during their retreat from the north,<sup id="cite_ref-cambridge_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cambridge-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-mote_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mote-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> when most of northern China had been conquered by the Jurchens in the <a href="/wiki/Jurchen_campaigns_against_the_Song_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Jurchen campaigns against the Song dynasty">Jin–Song wars</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Song court had retreated south to the city from their original capital in <a href="/wiki/Kaifeng" title="Kaifeng">Kaifeng</a>, after it was captured by the <a href="/wiki/Jurchen_people" title="Jurchen people">Jurchens</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Jingkang_Incident" class="mw-redirect" title="Jingkang Incident">Jingkang Incident</a> of 1127.<sup id="cite_ref-cambridge_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cambridge-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-mote_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mote-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The court moved to Shangqiu because of its historical importance to Emperor Taizu. The symbolism of the city was meant to secure the political legitimacy of the new <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Gaozong_of_Song" title="Emperor Gaozong of Song">Emperor Gaozong</a>, who was crowned emperor of China in Shangqiu on June 12, 1127. The capital was again moved in 1128 to <a href="/wiki/Yangzhou" title="Yangzhou">Yangzhou</a>, and finally to <a href="/wiki/Hangzhou" title="Hangzhou">Hangzhou</a> in 1129.<sup id="cite_ref-mote_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mote-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <a href="/wiki/Yuan_dynasty" title="Yuan dynasty">Yuan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ming_dynasty" title="Ming dynasty">Ming</a> and <a href="/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">Qing</a> dynasties, Shangqiu was governed as Guide Prefecture (歸德府). The current name appeared in 1545, when a new Shangqiu County was created to administer the city and its surrounding areas. </p><p>Under the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)" title="Republic of China (1912–1949)">Republic</a>, Shangqiu was considered a key city in eastern Henan owing to its position along the <a href="/wiki/Longhai_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Longhai Railway">Lunghai Railway</a> between the port of <a href="/wiki/Lianyungang" title="Lianyungang">Haizhou</a> on the <a href="/wiki/East_China_Sea" title="East China Sea">East China Sea</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lanzhou" title="Lanzhou">Lanzhou</a> in central China.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was known at the time as <b>Kweiteh</b>, <span class="nowrap"><b>Kwei-teh</b></span>, or <span class="nowrap"><b>Kuei-te</b></span> (<span lang="zh-Hant">歸德</span>; <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Guīdé</span></i>)<sup id="cite_ref-rom_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rom-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and had both a <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Guide" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Guide">Catholic diocese</a> and an <a href="/wiki/Anglican_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglican Church">Anglican</a> <a href="/wiki/Mission_(Christianity)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mission (Christianity)">mission</a>, the later of which ran St Paul's Hospital.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It changed hands frequently during the fighting among the Chinese warlords in 1927.<sup id="cite_ref-rom_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rom-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following the <a href="/wiki/Mukden_Incident" class="mw-redirect" title="Mukden Incident">Manchurian Incident</a>, <i>Gui'de</i> (Kwei-teh) <i>Airbase</i> was established, and became an auxiliary/forward airbase of the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_Air_Force" title="Republic of China Air Force">Nationalist Air Force of China</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Second_Sino-Japanese_War" title="Second Sino-Japanese War">War of Resistance-World War II</a> (1937–1945), and supported aerial-attack missions against Imperial Japanese positions in the northern-front of the war; the <a href="/wiki/Development_of_Chinese_Nationalist_air_force_(1937%E2%80%931945)#Units_of_the_Chinese_Airforce_1937–1945" title="Development of Chinese Nationalist air force (1937–1945)">4th Fighter-Attack Group</a> of the Chinese Air Force flew from Gui'de Airbase in March–April 1938 in support of Chinese ground forces at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Taierzhuang" title="Battle of Taierzhuang">Battle of Taierzhuang</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gui'de Airbase is now known as <a href="/wiki/Shangqiu_Airport" title="Shangqiu Airport">Shangqiu Airport</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography_and_climate">Geography and climate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shangqiu&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Geography and climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Txu-oclc-10552568-ni50-6.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Txu-oclc-10552568-ni50-6.jpg/220px-Txu-oclc-10552568-ni50-6.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Txu-oclc-10552568-ni50-6.jpg/330px-Txu-oclc-10552568-ni50-6.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Txu-oclc-10552568-ni50-6.jpg/440px-Txu-oclc-10552568-ni50-6.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5000" data-file-height="3771" /></a><figcaption>Map including Shangqiu (labeled as SHANG-CH'IU (KWEITEH) (walled) <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">商邱</span></span>) (<a href="/wiki/Army_Map_Service" title="Army Map Service">AMS</a>, 1955)</figcaption></figure> <p>Shangqiu is the easternmost prefecture of <a href="/wiki/Henan" title="Henan">Henan</a> province. Its administrative area ranges in longitude from 114 °49<span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.15em;">′</span> E to 116° 39<span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.15em;">′</span> E and in latitude from 33° 43<span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.15em;">′</span> N to 34° 52<span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.15em;">′</span> N, covering 10,704 square kilometres (4,133 sq mi). The city lies on the <a href="/wiki/North_China_Plain" title="North China Plain">North China Plain</a> and is mostly flat, with elevations ranging from 30 to 70 metres (98 to 230 ft), though the northwest part of the prefecture is more elevated than the southeast. </p><p>Shangqiu has a <a href="/wiki/Monsoon" title="Monsoon">monsoon</a>-influenced <a href="/wiki/Humid_subtropical_climate" title="Humid subtropical climate">humid subtropical climate</a> (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen</a> <i>Cwa</i>), with four distinct seasons. Winters are cool and mostly dry while summers are hot and humid; spring is warm and sees some, but not much rainfall, while autumn weather is crisp and drier. The monthly 24-hour average temperature ranges from around the freezing mark in January to 27.0 °C (80.6 °F) in July, while the annual mean is 14.4 °C (57.9 °F). Close to two-thirds of the annual precipitation occurs from June to September. The average temperature is below 10 °C for winter, 22 °C for summer, and between 10 and 22 °C for spring and autumn. Shangqiu City has a long winter, followed by summer, and a significantly shorter spring and autumn. </p><p>The average annual precipitation in the urban area of Shangqiu City has been 711.9 mm, and the corresponding total precipitation is 59.13 million cubic meters. The average annual runoff depth is 76.8 mm and the total runoff is 6.405 million cubic meters. </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Shangqiu (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1971–2010) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFA042; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.2<br />(64.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF6B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.9<br />(78.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF5B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.2<br />(82.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF3700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.5<br />(92.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF1700; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">38.1<br />(100.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF0100; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">41.3<br />(106.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF0E00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">39.4<br />(102.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF1800; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">37.9<br />(100.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF2700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.8<br />(96.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF2C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.0<br />(95.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF6000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.5<br />(81.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF9225; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.3<br />(68.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF0100; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">41.3<br />(106.3) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFF8F2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.4<br />(41.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFDEBE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.2<br />(48.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFB66E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.0<br />(59.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF8A16; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.4<br />(70.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF6600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.7<br />(80.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF4400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.5<br />(88.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF4100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.0<br />(89.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF4B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.6<br />(87.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF6300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.0<br />(80.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF870F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.9<br />(71.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFBD7C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.0<br />(57.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFEAD5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.5<br />(45.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF9226; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">20.2<br />(68.3) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #E7E7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.2<br />(32.4) </td> <td style="background: #FAFAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.6<br />(38.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFDFBF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.1<br />(48.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFB368; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.4<br />(59.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF8D1C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.9<br />(69.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF6D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.6<br />(78.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF6100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.3<br />(81.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF6B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.9<br />(78.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF8B17; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.3<br />(70.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFB367; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.5<br />(59.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFE4CA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.3<br />(46.9) </td> <td style="background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.1<br />(35.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFB973; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">14.6<br />(58.3) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #D3D3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−3.5<br />(25.7) </td> <td style="background: #E2E2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.7<br />(30.7) </td> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.1<br />(39.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFD9B3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.0<br />(50.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFB367; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.5<br />(59.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF9123; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.4<br />(68.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF7C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.5<br />(74.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF8409; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.3<br />(72.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFA954; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.9<br />(62.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFD4A9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.7<br />(51.3) </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.8<br />(38.8) </td> <td style="background: #DDDDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.7<br />(28.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFD8B1; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">10.1<br />(50.2) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #9494FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−15.2<br />(4.6) </td> <td style="background: #9393FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−15.4<br />(4.3) </td> <td style="background: #C0C0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−7.1<br />(19.2) </td> <td style="background: #DBDBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.0<br />(28.4) </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.2<br />(39.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFCC99; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.9<br />(53.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFB164; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.7<br />(60.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFC68D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.7<br />(54.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFF6ED; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.8<br />(42.4) </td> <td style="background: #E2E2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.7<br />(30.7) </td> <td style="background: #A4A4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−12.3<br />(9.9) </td> <td style="background: #9595FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−15.0<br />(5.0) </td> <td style="background: #9393FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−15.4<br />(4.3) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #E9FFE9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.2<br />(0.56) </td> <td style="background: #E1FFE1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.1<br />(0.71) </td> <td style="background: #D7FFD7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.4<br />(1.04) </td> <td style="background: #C0FFC0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">40.6<br />(1.60) </td> <td style="background: #A2FFA2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">61.8<br />(2.43) </td> <td style="background: #7AFF7A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">85.9<br />(3.38) </td> <td style="background: #04FF04; color:#000000;" class="notheme">168.3<br />(6.63) </td> <td style="background: #08FF08; color:#000000;" class="notheme">165.5<br />(6.52) </td> <td style="background: #8CFF8C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">74.2<br />(2.92) </td> <td style="background: #C2FFC2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">40.3<br />(1.59) </td> <td style="background: #CDFFCD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.9<br />(1.26) </td> <td style="background: #EAFFEA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.8<br />(0.54) </td> <td style="background: #A1FFA1; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">741<br />(29.18) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 0.1 mm)</span> </th> <td style="background: #CCCCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.1 </td> <td style="background: #BFBFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.7 </td> <td style="background: #C0C0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.1 </td> <td style="background: #B5B5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.8 </td> <td style="background: #A7A7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.1 </td> <td style="background: #9F9FFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.5 </td> <td style="background: #7676FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.1 </td> <td style="background: #8181FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.2 </td> <td style="background: #9999FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.0 </td> <td style="background: #B8B8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.7 </td> <td style="background: #B8B8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.5 </td> <td style="background: #CDCDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.0 </td> <td style="background: #ACACFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">78.8 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average snowy days </th> <td style="background: #D2D2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.6 </td> <td style="background: #D6D6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.0 </td> <td style="background: #F1F1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.1 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #F4F4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.8 </td> <td style="background: #E5E5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.1 </td> <td style="background: #F3F3FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">10.6 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #0000FD; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">67 </td> <td style="background: #0202FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">66 </td> <td style="background: #0A0AFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">64 </td> <td style="background: #0000FD; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">67 </td> <td style="background: #0000F6; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">69 </td> <td style="background: #0000F9; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">68 </td> <td style="background: #0000CB; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">80 </td> <td style="background: #0000BC; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">84 </td> <td style="background: #0000CF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">79 </td> <td style="background: #0000E6; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">73 </td> <td style="background: #0000EA; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">72 </td> <td style="background: #0000F6; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">69 </td> <td style="background: #0000EA; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">72 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #B5B564; color:#000000;" class="notheme">118.5 </td> <td style="background: #BFBF2A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">127.0 </td> <td style="background: #CCCC00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">167.9 </td> <td style="background: #D7D700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">192.4 </td> <td style="background: #D9D900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">206.7 </td> <td style="background: #D4D400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">179.4 </td> <td style="background: #CBCB00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">165.3 </td> <td style="background: #C7C700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">157.5 </td> <td style="background: #C9C900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">155.7 </td> <td style="background: #C5C503; color:#000000;" class="notheme">153.9 </td> <td style="background: #C0C024; color:#000000;" class="notheme">137.0 </td> <td style="background: #B7B758; color:#000000;" class="notheme">122.8 </td> <td style="background: #C8C800; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1,884.1 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Percent <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">possible sunshine</a> </th> <td style="background: #EAEA02; color:#000000;" class="notheme">38 </td> <td style="background: #EFEF0E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">41 </td> <td style="background: #F6F61E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">45 </td> <td style="background: #FDFD2E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">49 </td> <td style="background: #FBFB2A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">48 </td> <td style="background: #EFEF0E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">41 </td> <td style="background: #EAEA02; color:#000000;" class="notheme">38 </td> <td style="background: #EAEA02; color:#000000;" class="notheme">38 </td> <td style="background: #F1F112; color:#000000;" class="notheme">42 </td> <td style="background: #F4F41A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">44 </td> <td style="background: #F4F41A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">44 </td> <td style="background: #EEEE0A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">40 </td> <td style="background: #F1F112; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">42 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 1: <a href="/wiki/China_Meteorological_Administration" title="China Meteorological Administration">China Meteorological Administration</a><sup id="cite_ref-cma_graphical_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cma_graphical-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 2: Weather China<sup id="cite_ref-Clim_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Clim-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Government">Government</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shangqiu&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The government of Shangqiu is responsible for the making and implementing of local policies. Since agriculture is still a major part of the economy of Shangqiu, many of the work is related to farmers and the development of the rural area. It is also observed that the government is exerting more and more efforts to attract foreign investment to spur local development. The current mayor is Tao Minglun. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shangqiu&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to the <a href="/wiki/Sixth_National_Population_Census_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Sixth National Population Census of the People's Republic of China">2010 census</a>, Shangqiu has a population of 7,362,472. That is 390,528 inhabitants less than in 2000 (the population shrank 5.04% in ten years).<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Administration">Administration</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shangqiu&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Administration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Prefecture-level_city" title="Prefecture-level city">prefecture-level city</a> of Shangqiu administers 2 <a href="/wiki/District_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="District of China">districts</a>, 1 <a href="/wiki/County-level_city" title="County-level city">county-level city</a> and 6 <a href="/wiki/County_(People%27s_Republic_of_China)" class="mw-redirect" title="County (People's Republic of China)">counties</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The information here presented uses the metric system and data from 2010 National Population Census. </p> <table class="wikitable" style="margin:auto;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="6">Map </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="6"><div style="position: relative" class="center"> <div role="img" class="noresize" style="width: 684px; line-height: 1; text-align: center; background-color: #ffffff; position: relative;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Administrative_Division_Shangqiu.png/684px-Administrative_Division_Shangqiu.png" decoding="async" width="684" height="522" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Administrative_Division_Shangqiu.png/1026px-Administrative_Division_Shangqiu.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Administrative_Division_Shangqiu.png/1368px-Administrative_Division_Shangqiu.png 2x" data-file-width="2280" data-file-height="1740" /></span></span> <div style="position:absolute; left:252px; top:154px"><a href="/wiki/Liangyuan_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Liangyuan District"><b>Liangyuan</b></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:249px; top:259px"><a href="/wiki/Suiyang_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Suiyang District"><b>Suiyang</b></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:108px; top:64px"><a href="/wiki/Minquan_County" title="Minquan County"><b>Minquan<br />County</b></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:60px; top:199px"><a href="/wiki/Sui_County,_Henan" title="Sui County, Henan"><b>Sui<br />County</b></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:153px; top:172px"><a href="/wiki/Ningling_County" title="Ningling County"><b>Ningling<br />County</b></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:156px; top:325px"><a href="/wiki/Zhecheng_County" title="Zhecheng County"><b>Zhecheng<br />County</b></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:375px; top:217px"><a href="/wiki/Yucheng_County" title="Yucheng County"><b>Yucheng<br />County</b></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:471px; top:277px"><a href="/wiki/Xiayi_County" title="Xiayi County"><b>Xiayi<br />County</b></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:528px; top:394px"><a href="/wiki/Yongcheng" title="Yongcheng"><b>Yongcheng<br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(city)</span></b></a></div> </div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <th>English Name </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese" class="mw-redirect" title="Simplified Chinese">Simplified Chinese</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a> </th> <th>Area (km<sup>2</sup>) </th> <th>Population (2010) </th> <th>Density (/km<sup>2</sup>) </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Liangyuan_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Liangyuan District">Liangyuan District</a> </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">梁园区</span></span> </td> <td>Liángyuán Qū </td> <td>673 </td> <td>787,931 </td> <td>1,171 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Suiyang_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Suiyang District">Suiyang District</a> </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">睢阳区</span></span> </td> <td>Suīyáng Qū </td> <td>913 </td> <td>748,356 </td> <td>820 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Yongcheng" title="Yongcheng">Yongcheng City</a> </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">永城市</span></span> </td> <td>Yǒngchéng Shì </td> <td>2,068 </td> <td>1,240,296 </td> <td>600 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Minquan_County" title="Minquan County">Minquan County</a> </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">民权县</span></span> </td> <td>Mínquán Xiàn </td> <td>1,222 </td> <td>703,379 </td> <td>576 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sui_County,_Henan" title="Sui County, Henan">Sui County</a> </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">睢县</span></span> </td> <td>Suī Xiàn </td> <td>920 </td> <td>711,088 </td> <td>773 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ningling_County" title="Ningling County">Ningling County</a> </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">宁陵县</span></span> </td> <td>Nínglíng Xiàn </td> <td>786 </td> <td>523,367 </td> <td>666 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Zhecheng_County" title="Zhecheng County">Zhecheng County</a> </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">柘城县</span></span> </td> <td>Zhèchéng Xiàn </td> <td>1,048 </td> <td>778,107 </td> <td>742 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Yucheng_County" title="Yucheng County">Yucheng County</a> </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">虞城县</span></span> </td> <td>Yúchéng Xiàn </td> <td>1,558 </td> <td>954,720 </td> <td>613 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Xiayi_County" title="Xiayi County">Xiayi County</a> </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">夏邑县</span></span> </td> <td>Xiàyì Xiàn </td> <td>1,470 </td> <td>915,228 </td> <td>623 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Religion">Religion</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shangqiu&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Shangqiu is traditionally a centre of the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_folk_religion" title="Chinese folk religion">indigenous Chinese religious</a> cult of Huoshen (火神 "Fire God"). An ancient small Temple of the Fire God has been expanded throughout the 2010s to become possibly the biggest temple complex dedicated to the god in China. Moreover, Shangqiu traditionally hosted the headquarters of Liguaism (Li Symbol transmission), the most important denomination of <a href="/wiki/Baguadao" title="Baguadao">Baguadao</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shangqiu&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2019, Shangqiu's GDP reached 291.12 billion yuan, an increase of 7.4% over 2018.In 2019, the proportion of the tertiary industry structure was 14.7:41.0:44.3. In 2019, the city's general public budget revenue was 17.171 billion yuan, an increase of 11.7% over 2018. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Agriculture">Agriculture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shangqiu&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Agriculture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Situated on the North China Plain, Shangqiu is part of a traditionally agricultural region. The fertile soil and convenient irrigation facilities greatly help the production of crops and other plants. As of 2005, there are about 719,864 <a href="/wiki/Hectare" title="Hectare">hectare</a> planted. The most important agricultural products are <a href="/wiki/Wheat" title="Wheat">wheat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maize" title="Maize">maize</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cotton" title="Cotton">cotton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sesame" title="Sesame">sesame</a>, vegetables, fruit, <a href="/wiki/Tobacco" title="Tobacco">tobacco</a>, and livestock. In 2002, it produced about 4.5 million tons of crops, 200 thousand tons of cotton, 1.1 million tons of fruits, and 550 thousand tons of livestock.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Industry">Industry</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shangqiu&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Industry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Compared with the agriculture, the industry of Shangqiu is relatively less developed. However, since the 1990s, it has experienced rapid growth. The food producing and packing company, Kedi group, has already been the number one exporter of frozen vegetables in the country. The large reserves of coal in Shangqiu (the Yongcheng-Xiayi coal mine is estimated to have a total reserves of 10 billion tons) also boosts up the energy industry, such as electricity generation and aluminium <a href="/wiki/Electrolysis" title="Electrolysis">electrolysis</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transportation">Transportation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shangqiu&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Transportation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shangqiuzhan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Shangqiuzhan.jpg/220px-Shangqiuzhan.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Shangqiuzhan.jpg/330px-Shangqiuzhan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Shangqiuzhan.jpg/440px-Shangqiuzhan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4160" data-file-height="3120" /></a><figcaption>Shangqiu train station</figcaption></figure> <p>Since the completion of east–west running Longhai railway in 1916, Shangqiu has been a local transportation center. This standing is greatly enhanced following the construction of the <a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a>-<a href="/wiki/Kowloon" title="Kowloon">Kowloon</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a>) railway in 1996, which crosses with Longhai railway at Shangqiu. Nowadays, Longhai railway has become the Chinese segment of the larger "European-Asia continental landbridge," which runs from the sea port city <a href="/wiki/Lianyungang" title="Lianyungang">Lianyungang</a> to <a href="/wiki/Rotterdam" title="Rotterdam">Rotterdam</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>. Shangqiu thus obtains the name of the city of the "golden cross". On the other hand, the road transport is also convenient and getting even better. The east–west direction <a href="/wiki/Lianyungang" title="Lianyungang">Lianyungang</a>-<a href="/wiki/Khorghas" class="mw-redirect" title="Khorghas">Khorghas</a> (<a href="/wiki/Xinjiang" title="Xinjiang">Xinjiang</a>) national route 310 and north–south <a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a>-<a href="/wiki/Zhuhai" title="Zhuhai">Zhuhai</a> national routh 105 also cross at Shangqiu. Highway traffic is fast-developing too. The Shangqiu-<a href="/wiki/Kaifeng" title="Kaifeng">Kaifeng</a> segment of the <a href="/wiki/Lianyungang" title="Lianyungang">Lianyungang</a>-<a href="/wiki/Khorghas" class="mw-redirect" title="Khorghas">Khorghas</a> highway is already in use. Future planning for highway construction is also underway.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Shangqiu%E2%80%93Hangzhou_high-speed_railway" title="Shangqiu–Hangzhou high-speed railway">Shangqiu–Hangzhou high-speed railway</a> began operation in June 2020. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shangqiu&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The education sector of Shangqiu is mainly professional training oriented, with an increasing number of such colleges coming into sight ever since the 1990s. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Colleges_and_universities">Colleges and universities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shangqiu&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Colleges and universities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.squ.net.cn/">Shangqiu University</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">商丘学院</span></span>)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sqnc.edu.cn/">Shangqiu Normal University</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150423184033/http://www.sqnc.edu.cn/">Archived</a> 2015-04-23 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">商丘师范学院</span></span>)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sstvc.com/">Shangqiu Institute of Technology</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140209052534/http://www.sstvc.com/">Archived</a> 2014-02-09 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">商丘工学院</span></span>)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20031006133540/http://www.sqzy.com.cn/">Shangqiu Professional Training College</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">商丘职业技术学院</span></span>)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sqyx.edu.cn/">Shangqiu Medical College</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">商丘医学高等专科学校</span></span>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Society_and_culture">Society and culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shangqiu&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Society and culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Liang_State_Tombs,_Mangdang_Mountain_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Liang_State_Tombs%2C_Mangdang_Mountain_1.jpg/220px-Liang_State_Tombs%2C_Mangdang_Mountain_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Liang_State_Tombs%2C_Mangdang_Mountain_1.jpg/330px-Liang_State_Tombs%2C_Mangdang_Mountain_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Liang_State_Tombs%2C_Mangdang_Mountain_1.jpg/440px-Liang_State_Tombs%2C_Mangdang_Mountain_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Tombs of <a href="/wiki/Liang_Kingdom" title="Liang Kingdom">Liang Kingdom</a> (<a href="/wiki/Western_Han" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Han">Western Han</a> dynasty) at <a href="/wiki/Mount_Mangdang" title="Mount Mangdang">Mount Mangdang</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Lying in the heart of the <a href="/wiki/North_China_Plain" title="North China Plain">North China Plain</a>, Shangqiu benefits from a deep cultural tradition. The first star observatory in China, Ebo Tai, was established in Shangqiu. Yingtian Shuyuan, one of the largest four official education agencies in north <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song dynasty</a>, is located in the Suiyang district of Shangqiu. The Suiyang old city, which was built in 1511 during the <a href="/wiki/Ming_dynasty" title="Ming dynasty">Ming dynasty</a>, is one of the best preserved traditional cities in China, and was enlisted as one of the famous historical cities in China by the central government in 1986. The rich culture also raised many famous cultural figures. <a href="/wiki/Cangjie" title="Cangjie">Cangjie</a>, the legendary inventor of Chinese characters, was living in Shangqiu in the far-ancient periods. <a href="/wiki/Zhuang_Zhou" title="Zhuang Zhou">Zhuangzi</a>, the great ancient philosopher of China, was born here around the 4th century BC. Another great philosopher, <a href="/wiki/Mozi" title="Mozi">Mozi</a>, living in the same period as Zhuangzi, was also a Shangqiu native. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tourist_attractions">Tourist attractions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shangqiu&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Tourist attractions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The ancient city of Suiyang (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">睢阳古城</span></span>)</li> <li>Temple of <a href="/wiki/Hua_Mulan" title="Hua Mulan">Hua Mulan</a></li> <li>Former residence of Zhuangzi (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">庄周故里</span></span>)</li> <li>Ebo Tai, the first star observatory of China (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">阏伯台</span></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Mangdang" title="Mount Mangdang">Mangdang Mountain</a> tourism site (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">芒砀山文物旅游区</span></span>)</li> <li>Shangqiu Ancient Culture Tourist Area (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">商丘古文化旅游区</span></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huaihai_campaign" title="Huaihai campaign">Huaihai Battle</a> Chenguanzhuang Memorial Hall Scenic Spot (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">淮海战役陈官庄纪念馆景区</span></span>)</li> <li>Beihu Scenic Area, Sui County (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">睢县北湖景区</span></span>)</li> <li>Cangjie Tomb (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">仓颉墓</span></span>)</li> <li>Sui Emperor's Mausoleum (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">燧皇陵</span></span>)</li> <li>Zhuangzi Cultural Tourism Scenic Area (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">庄子文化旅游景区</span></span>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Famous_people_of_Shangqiu">Famous people of Shangqiu</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shangqiu&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Famous people of Shangqiu"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cangjie" title="Cangjie">Cangjie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhuang_Zhou" title="Zhuang Zhou">Zhuangzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozi" title="Mozi">Mozi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hua_Mulan" title="Hua Mulan">Hua Mulan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiang_Yan_(poet)" title="Jiang Yan (poet)">Jiang Yan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hou_Fangyu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hou Fangyu (page does not exist)">Hou Fangyu</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">侯方域</span></span>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xiaolan_Huangpu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xiaolan Huangpu (page does not exist)">Xiaolan Huangpu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xu_Zhiyong" title="Xu Zhiyong">Xu Zhiyong</a></li> <li>Shang Tang (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">商汤</span></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Junguang" title="Wang Junguang">Wang Junguang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dai_De" title="Dai De">Dai De</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dai_Sheng" title="Dai Sheng">Dai Sheng</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Miscellaneous">Miscellaneous</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shangqiu&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Miscellaneous"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Shangqiu is also a <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic">Roman Catholic</a> <a href="/wiki/Diocese" title="Diocese">diocese</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dazhouzhuang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dazhouzhuang (page does not exist)">Dazhouzhuang</a> village, the hometown of the heroine <a href="/wiki/Hua_Mulan" title="Hua Mulan">Hua Mulan</a>, lies about 55 km (34 mi) southeast of Shangqiu city. The village contains a temple dedicated to Mulan, and many nearby businesses use her name as a local trademark.</li> <li>According to the history, the ancestral ancestor of the merchants (xiè) was able to control the water, seal the business, and then migrate. Later generations said that the ruins of the merchants had lived in the "Shangqiu".</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shangqiu&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-hongheiku-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-hongheiku_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hongheiku.com/xianjirank/"><bdi lang="zh">最新人口信息 www.hongheiku.com</bdi></a> (in Chinese). hongheiku<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%E5%95%86%E4%B8%98%22%E5%AF%BB%E5%95%86%22&rft.date=2021-08-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.xinhuanet.com%2F%2Fmrdx%2F2021-08%2F20%2Fc_1310138496.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShangqiu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-chiknosong-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-chiknosong_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Theobald, Ulrich. <i>China Knowledge</i>. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chinaknowledge.de/History/Song/song-map.html">Chinese History - Song Dynasty 宋 (960-1279): Map and Geography</a>". Accessed 19 Oct 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cambridge-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cambridge_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cambridge_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFranke1994" class="citation book cs1">Franke, Herbert (1994). Denis C. Twitchett; Herbert Franke; John King Fairbank (eds.). <i>The Cambridge History of China: Volume 6, Alien Regimes and Border States, 710–1368</i>. Cambridge University Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">229–</span>230. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-24331-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-24331-5"><bdi>978-0-521-24331-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+History+of+China%3A+Volume+6%2C+Alien+Regimes+and+Border+States%2C+710%E2%80%931368&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E229-%3C%2Fspan%3E230&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-521-24331-5&rft.aulast=Franke&rft.aufirst=Herbert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShangqiu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mote-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mote_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mote_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mote_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMote2003" class="citation book cs1">Mote, Frederick W. (2003). <i>Imperial China: 900–1800</i>. Harvard University Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">292–</span>293. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-01212-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-01212-7"><bdi>978-0-674-01212-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Imperial+China%3A+900%E2%80%931800&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E292-%3C%2Fspan%3E293&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-674-01212-7&rft.aulast=Mote&rft.aufirst=Frederick+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShangqiu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHolcombe2011" class="citation book cs1">Holcombe, Charles (2011). <i>A History of East Asia: From the Origins of Civilization to the Twenty-First Century</i>. Cambridge University Press. p. 129. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-51595-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-51595-5"><bdi>978-0-521-51595-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+East+Asia%3A+From+the+Origins+of+Civilization+to+the+Twenty-First+Century&rft.pages=129&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-521-51595-5&rft.aulast=Holcombe&rft.aufirst=Charles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShangqiu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6BxQAQAAIAAJ&q=kwei-teh+henan"><i>Manchuria</i>, Vol. III, p. 436</a>. 1938.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rom-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-rom_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rom_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=J9keAQAAMAAJ&q=kweiteh"><i>Rotunda</i>, Vols. XXXVI–XXXIX, p. 37.</a> <a href="/wiki/Royal_Ontario_Museum" title="Royal Ontario Museum">Royal Ontario Museum</a>, 2003.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Christensen, Erleen. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jY0YyeZEVZMC&dq=kwei-teh+henan&pg=PA77"><i>In War and Famine: Missionaries in China's Honan Province in the 1940s</i>, p. 77.</a> McGill-Queen's University Press (<a href="/wiki/Kingston,_Ontario" title="Kingston, Ontario">Kingston</a>), 2005.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF抗日战争纪念网" class="citation web cs1">抗日战争纪念网. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.krzzjn.com/html/56868.html">"长空写忠魂：击落第一架日本战机的张光明 - 抗战英烈事迹综合资料 - 抗日战争纪念网"</a>. <i>www.krzzjn.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-12-04</span></span>. <q>1938年3、4月间，驻汉口的空军第四大队和驻孝感的空军第三大队，曾多次对当时的台儿庄中日大会战进行长距离突袭，支援地面部队作战。</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.krzzjn.com&rft.atitle=%E9%95%BF%E7%A9%BA%E5%86%99%E5%BF%A0%E9%AD%82%EF%BC%9A%E5%87%BB%E8%90%BD%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%9E%B6%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%88%98%E6%9C%BA%E7%9A%84%E5%BC%A0%E5%85%89%E6%98%8E+-+%E6%8A%97%E6%88%98%E8%8B%B1%E7%83%88%E4%BA%8B%E8%BF%B9%E7%BB%BC%E5%90%88%E8%B5%84%E6%96%99+-+%E6%8A%97%E6%97%A5%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89%E7%BA%AA%E5%BF%B5%E7%BD%91&rft.au=%E6%8A%97%E6%97%A5%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89%E7%BA%AA%E5%BF%B5%E7%BD%91&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.krzzjn.com%2Fhtml%2F56868.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShangqiu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF红岩春秋" class="citation web cs1">红岩春秋, 杨文钊. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wap.cqcb.com/shangyou_news/NewsDetail?classId=2&newsId=2839481">"重庆珍档丨他在重庆上空为国捐躯，白市驿机场曾以他的名字命名..."</a> <i>上游新闻 ~ 汇聚向上的力量</i>. <q>1938年4月7日凌晨，中国军队向驻守在台儿庄的日军发起总攻，日军溃不成军，其残部向峄城、枣庄撤退。至此，历经月余的台儿庄战役结束... 4月9日，张明生所在中队奉命攻击南下增援的日军。当飞临敌军阵地上空时，张明生见战区上空无敌机踪影，便单机脱离队伍，对敌进行低空扫射，眼看着敌人狼狈逃窜，他才心满意足地返回编队... 张明生所在的中队完成任务，返回归德（今河南商丘）机场，喘息未定，便遇敌机来袭。大家又立刻升空迎敌，敌机见我军已有准备，便偷偷逃跑了。我空军勇士在天空中徘徊良久...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E4%B8%8A%E6%B8%B8%E6%96%B0%E9%97%BB+~+%E6%B1%87%E8%81%9A%E5%90%91%E4%B8%8A%E7%9A%84%E5%8A%9B%E9%87%8F&rft.atitle=%E9%87%8D%E5%BA%86%E7%8F%8D%E6%A1%A3%E4%B8%A8%E4%BB%96%E5%9C%A8%E9%87%8D%E5%BA%86%E4%B8%8A%E7%A9%BA%E4%B8%BA%E5%9B%BD%E6%8D%90%E8%BA%AF%EF%BC%8C%E7%99%BD%E5%B8%82%E9%A9%BF%E6%9C%BA%E5%9C%BA%E6%9B%BE%E4%BB%A5%E4%BB%96%E7%9A%84%E5%90%8D%E5%AD%97%E5%91%BD%E5%90%8D......&rft.aulast=%E7%BA%A2%E5%B2%A9%E6%98%A5%E7%A7%8B&rft.aufirst=%E6%9D%A8%E6%96%87%E9%92%8A&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwap.cqcb.com%2Fshangyou_news%2FNewsDetail%3FclassId%3D2%26newsId%3D2839481&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShangqiu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cma_graphical-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cma_graphical_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.cma.cn/data/weatherBk.html"><bdi lang="zh">中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data</bdi></a> (in Simplified Chinese). <a href="/wiki/China_Meteorological_Administration" title="China Meteorological Administration">China Meteorological Administration</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 August</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E6%B0%94%E8%B1%A1%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E7%BD%91+%E2%80%93+WeatherBk+Data&rft.pub=China+Meteorological+Administration&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdata.cma.cn%2Fdata%2FweatherBk.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShangqiu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://experience.arcgis.com/template/e724038fda394e9d9b7921f10fd1aa55/page/%E7%BA%AF%E8%A1%A8%E6%A0%BC%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1-(%E5%AF%B9%E6%AF%948110%E5%8F%98%E5%8C%96)/?org=UQmaps">"Experience Template" <bdi lang="zh">中国气象数据网</bdi></a> (in Simplified Chinese). <a href="/wiki/China_Meteorological_Administration" title="China Meteorological Administration">China Meteorological Administration</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 August</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Experience+Template+%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E6%B0%94%E8%B1%A1%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E7%BD%91&rft.pub=China+Meteorological+Administration&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fexperience.arcgis.com%2Ftemplate%2Fe724038fda394e9d9b7921f10fd1aa55%2Fpage%2F%25E7%25BA%25AF%25E8%25A1%25A8%25E6%25A0%25BC%25E7%25BB%259F%25E8%25AE%25A1-%28%25E5%25AF%25B9%25E6%25AF%25948110%25E5%258F%2598%25E5%258C%2596%29%2F%3Forg%3DUQmaps&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShangqiu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Clim-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Clim_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.weather.com.cn/cityintro/101181001.shtml?"><bdi lang="zh">商丘 - 气象数据 -中国天气网</bdi></a> (in Chinese). Weather China<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E5%95%86%E4%B8%98+-+%E6%B0%94%E8%B1%A1%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE+-%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A9%E6%B0%94%E7%BD%91&rft.pub=Weather+China&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.weather.com.cn%2Fcityintro%2F101181001.shtml%3F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShangqiu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in Chinese)</span> Compilation by LianXin website. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.luqyu.cn/tongjishow.asp?tid=1106">Data from the Sixth National Population Census of the People's Republic of China</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120325041932/http://www.luqyu.cn/tongjishow.asp?tid=1106">Archived</a> 2012-03-25 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.xzqh.org/quhua/41hn/14shangqiu.htm">Administrative divisions of China</a> Administrative divisions of Shangqiu.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sqrb.com.cn/gb/misc/node_13.htm">Shanqiu daily</a> Overview of Shangqiu.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shangqiu&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shangqiu.gov.cn">Government website of Shangqiu</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/80px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikivoyage has a travel guide for <i><b><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Shangqiu#Q404817" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Shangqiu">Shangqiu</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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href="/wiki/Template:Henan_topics" title="Template:Henan topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Henan_topics" title="Template talk:Henan topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Henan_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Henan topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Henan_topics536" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Henan" title="Henan">Henan</a> topics</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Zhengzhou" title="Zhengzhou">Zhengzhou</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_current_and_former_capitals_of_subnational_entities_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="List of current and former capitals of subnational entities of China">capital</a>)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Henan" title="Category:Henan">General</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henan#History" title="Henan">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Henan" title="Politics of Henan">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henan#Economy" title="Henan">Economy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Geography_of_Henan" title="Category:Geography of Henan">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:#F4F0EC"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China#Henan" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in the People's Republic of China">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_China_Plain" title="North China Plain">North China Plain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taihang_Mountains" title="Taihang Mountains">Taihang Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loess_Plateau" title="Loess Plateau">Loess Plateau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dabie_Mountains" title="Dabie Mountains">Dabie Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_River" title="Yellow River">Yellow River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanyang_Basin" title="Nanyang Basin">Nanyang Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huai_River" title="Huai River">Huai River</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_and_colleges_in_Henan" title="List of universities and colleges in Henan">Education</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henan_University" title="Henan University">Henan University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henan_Normal_University" title="Henan Normal University">Henan Normal University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henan_University_of_Technology" title="Henan University of Technology">Henan University of Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henan_Agricultural_University" title="Henan Agricultural University">Henan Agricultural University</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Henan#Culture" title="Henan">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:#F4F0EC"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zhongyuan_culture" title="Zhongyuan culture">Zhongyuan culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhongyuan_Mandarin" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhongyuan Mandarin">Zhongyuan Mandarin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henan_opera" title="Henan opera">Henan opera</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Henan_cuisine" title="Henan cuisine">Cuisine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xinyang" title="Xinyang">Xinyang brewed vegetables</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_Banquet" title="Water Banquet">Water Banquet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hui_mian" title="Hui mian">Hui mian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hulatang" title="Hulatang">Hulatang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Visitor attractions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:#F4F0EC"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gaocheng_Astronomical_Observatory" title="Gaocheng Astronomical Observatory">Gaocheng Astronomical Observatory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Song" title="Mount Song">Mount Song</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaolin_Temple" class="mw-redirect" title="Shaolin Temple">Shaolin Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longmen_Grottoes" title="Longmen Grottoes">Longmen Grottoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Songyue_Pagoda" title="Songyue Pagoda">Songyue Pagoda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Youguo_Temple" title="Youguo Temple">Youguo Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Horse_Temple" title="White Horse Temple">White Horse Temple</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Henan" title="Category:Henan">Category</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Henan" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Henan">Commons</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="County-level_divisions_of_Henan_Province296" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Henan" title="Template:Henan"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Henan" title="Template talk:Henan"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Henan" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Henan"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="County-level_divisions_of_Henan_Province296" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_administrative_divisions_of_Henan" title="List of administrative divisions of Henan">County-level divisions</a> of <a href="/wiki/Henan" title="Henan">Henan</a> <a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_China" title="Provinces of China">Province</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Zhengzhou" title="Zhengzhou">Zhengzhou</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/List_of_current_and_former_capitals_of_subnational_entities_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="List of current and former capitals of subnational entities of China">capital</a>)</small></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Prefecture-level_city" title="Prefecture-level city">Prefecture-level cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Zhengzhou" title="Zhengzhou">Zhengzhou</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zhongyuan_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhongyuan District">Zhongyuan District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erqi_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Erqi District">Erqi District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guancheng_Hui_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Guancheng Hui District">Guancheng Hui District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinshui_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Jinshui District">Jinshui District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shangjie_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Shangjie District">Shangjie District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huiji_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Huiji District">Huiji District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinzheng" title="Xinzheng">Xinzheng</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dengfeng" title="Dengfeng">Dengfeng</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinmi" title="Xinmi">Xinmi</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gongyi" title="Gongyi">Gongyi</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xingyang" title="Xingyang">Xingyang</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhongmu_County" title="Zhongmu County">Zhongmu County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kaifeng" title="Kaifeng">Kaifeng</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gulou_District,_Kaifeng" class="mw-redirect" title="Gulou District, Kaifeng">Gulou District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longting_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Longting District">Longting District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shunhe_Hui_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Shunhe Hui District">Shunhe Hui District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuwangtai_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Yuwangtai District">Yuwangtai District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiangfu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Xiangfu District">Xiangfu District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qi_County,_Kaifeng" title="Qi County, Kaifeng">Qi County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongxu_County" title="Tongxu County">Tongxu County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weishi_County" title="Weishi County">Weishi County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lankao_County" title="Lankao County">Lankao County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Luoyang" title="Luoyang">Luoyang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xigong_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Xigong District">Xigong District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laocheng_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Laocheng District">Laocheng District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chanhe_Hui_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Chanhe Hui District">Chanhe Hui District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jianxi_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Jianxi District">Jianxi District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jili_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Jili District">Jili District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luolong_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Luolong District">Luolong District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yanshi_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Yanshi District">Yanshi District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mengjin_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Mengjin District">Mengjin District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xin%27an_County" title="Xin'an County">Xin'an County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luanchuan_County" title="Luanchuan County">Luanchuan County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Song_County" title="Song County">Song County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruyang_County" title="Ruyang County">Ruyang County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yiyang_County,_Henan" title="Yiyang County, Henan">Yiyang County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luoning_County" title="Luoning County">Luoning County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yichuan_County,_Henan" title="Yichuan County, Henan">Yichuan County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pingdingshan" title="Pingdingshan">Pingdingshan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xinhua_District,_Pingdingshan" class="mw-redirect" title="Xinhua District, Pingdingshan">Xinhua District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weidong_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Weidong District">Weidong District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhanhe_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhanhe District">Zhanhe District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shilong_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Shilong District">Shilong District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wugang,_Henan" title="Wugang, Henan">Wugang</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruzhou" title="Ruzhou">Ruzhou</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baofeng_County" title="Baofeng County">Baofeng County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ye_County" title="Ye County">Ye County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lushan_County,_Henan" title="Lushan County, Henan">Lushan County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jia_County,_Henan" title="Jia County, Henan">Jia County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anyang" title="Anyang">Anyang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beiguan_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Beiguan District">Beiguan District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wenfeng_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Wenfeng District">Wenfeng District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yindu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Yindu District">Yindu District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long%27an_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Long'an District">Long'an District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linzhou,_Henan" title="Linzhou, Henan">Linzhou</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anyang_County" title="Anyang County">Anyang County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangyin_County" title="Tangyin County">Tangyin County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hua_County" title="Hua County">Hua County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neihuang_County" title="Neihuang County">Neihuang County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hebi" title="Hebi">Hebi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qibin_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Qibin District">Qibin District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shancheng_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Shancheng District">Shancheng District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heshan_District,_Hebi" class="mw-redirect" title="Heshan District, Hebi">Heshan District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xun_County" title="Xun County">Xun County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qi_County,_Hebi" title="Qi County, Hebi">Qi County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Xinxiang" title="Xinxiang">Xinxiang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Weibin_District,_Xinxiang" class="mw-redirect" title="Weibin District, Xinxiang">Weibin District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hongqi_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Hongqi District">Hongqi District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fengquan_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Fengquan District">Fengquan District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muye_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Muye District">Muye District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weihui" title="Weihui">Weihui</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huixian" title="Huixian">Huixian</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changyuan" title="Changyuan">Changyuan</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinxiang_County" title="Xinxiang County">Xinxiang County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huojia_County" title="Huojia County">Huojia County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuanyang_County,_Henan" title="Yuanyang County, Henan">Yuanyang County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yanjin_County,_Henan" title="Yanjin County, Henan">Yanjin County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fengqiu_County" title="Fengqiu County">Fengqiu County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jiaozuo" title="Jiaozuo">Jiaozuo</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jiefang_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Jiefang District">Jiefang District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanyang_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Shanyang District">Shanyang District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhongzhan_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhongzhan District">Zhongzhan District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macun_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Macun District">Macun District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mengzhou" title="Mengzhou">Mengzhou</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qinyang" title="Qinyang">Qinyang</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiuwu_County" title="Xiuwu County">Xiuwu County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bo%27ai_County" title="Bo'ai County">Bo'ai County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuzhi_County" title="Wuzhi County">Wuzhi County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wen_County,_Henan" title="Wen County, Henan">Wen County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Puyang" title="Puyang">Puyang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hualong_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Hualong District">Hualong District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingfeng_County" title="Qingfeng County">Qingfeng County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanle_County" title="Nanle County">Nanle County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fan_County" title="Fan County">Fan County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiqian_County" title="Taiqian County">Taiqian County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puyang_County" title="Puyang County">Puyang County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Xuchang" title="Xuchang">Xuchang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Weidu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Weidu District">Weidu District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jian%27an_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Jian'an District">Jian'an District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuzhou,_Henan" title="Yuzhou, Henan">Yuzhou</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changge" title="Changge">Changge</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yanling_County,_Henan" title="Yanling County, Henan">Yanling County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiangcheng_County,_Henan" title="Xiangcheng County, Henan">Xiangcheng County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Luohe" title="Luohe">Luohe</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yuanhui_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Yuanhui District">Yuanhui District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yancheng_District,_Luohe" class="mw-redirect" title="Yancheng District, Luohe">Yancheng District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaoling_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Shaoling District">Shaoling District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuyang_County" title="Wuyang County">Wuyang County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linying_County" title="Linying County">Linying County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sanmenxia" title="Sanmenxia">Sanmenxia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hubin_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Hubin District">Hubin District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanzhou_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Shanzhou District">Shanzhou District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yima,_Henan" title="Yima, Henan">Yima</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lingbao_City" title="Lingbao City">Lingbao</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mianchi_County" title="Mianchi County">Mianchi County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lushi_County" title="Lushi County">Lushi County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nanyang,_Henan" title="Nanyang, Henan">Nanyang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wolong_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Wolong District">Wolong District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wancheng_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Wancheng District">Wancheng District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dengzhou" title="Dengzhou">Dengzhou</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanzhao_County" title="Nanzhao County">Nanzhao County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fangcheng_County" title="Fangcheng County">Fangcheng County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xixia_County" title="Xixia County">Xixia County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhenping_County,_Henan" title="Zhenping County, Henan">Zhenping County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neixiang_County" title="Neixiang County">Neixiang County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xichuan_County" title="Xichuan County">Xichuan County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheqi_County" title="Sheqi County">Sheqi County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanghe_County" title="Tanghe County">Tanghe County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinye_County" title="Xinye County">Xinye County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongbai_County" title="Tongbai County">Tongbai County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Shangqiu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liangyuan_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Liangyuan District">Liangyuan District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suiyang_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Suiyang District">Suiyang District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yongcheng" title="Yongcheng">Yongcheng</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yucheng_County" title="Yucheng County">Yucheng County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minquan_County" title="Minquan County">Minquan County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ningling_County" title="Ningling County">Ningling County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sui_County,_Henan" title="Sui County, Henan">Sui County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiayi_County" title="Xiayi County">Xiayi County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhecheng_County" title="Zhecheng County">Zhecheng County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Xinyang" title="Xinyang">Xinyang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shihe_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Shihe District">Shihe District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pingqiao_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Pingqiao District">Pingqiao District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xi_County,_Henan" title="Xi County, Henan">Xi County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huaibin_County" title="Huaibin County">Huaibin County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huangchuan_County" title="Huangchuan County">Huangchuan County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangshan_County" title="Guangshan County">Guangshan County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gushi_County" title="Gushi County">Gushi County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shangcheng_County" title="Shangcheng County">Shangcheng County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luoshan_County" title="Luoshan County">Luoshan County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xin_County" title="Xin County">Xin County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Zhoukou" title="Zhoukou">Zhoukou</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chuanhui_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Chuanhui District">Chuanhui District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huaiyang_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Huaiyang District">Huaiyang District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiangcheng_City" title="Xiangcheng City">Xiangcheng</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fugou_County" title="Fugou County">Fugou County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xihua_County" title="Xihua County">Xihua County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shangshui_County" title="Shangshui County">Shangshui County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taikang_County" title="Taikang County">Taikang County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luyi_County" title="Luyi County">Luyi County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dancheng_County" title="Dancheng County">Dancheng County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenqiu_County" title="Shenqiu County">Shenqiu County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Zhumadian" title="Zhumadian">Zhumadian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yicheng_District,_Zhumadian" class="mw-redirect" title="Yicheng District, Zhumadian">Yicheng District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queshan_County" title="Queshan County">Queshan County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biyang_County" title="Biyang County">Biyang County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suiping_County" title="Suiping County">Suiping County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiping_County" title="Xiping County">Xiping County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shangcai_County" title="Shangcai County">Shangcai County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Runan_County" title="Runan County">Runan County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pingyu_County" title="Pingyu County">Pingyu County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xincai_County" title="Xincai County">Xincai County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhengyang_County" title="Zhengyang County">Zhengyang County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Provincial administered</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="county-level_city39" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/County-level_city" title="County-level city">county-level city</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jiyuan" title="Jiyuan">Jiyuan</a> city</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border&#124;link=China&#124;alt=China_Prefecture-level_divisions_of_China994" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Prefectural-level_divisions_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Template:Prefectural-level divisions of the People's Republic of China"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Prefectural-level_divisions_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Template talk:Prefectural-level divisions of the People's Republic of China"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Prefectural-level_divisions_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Prefectural-level divisions of the People's Republic of China"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border&#124;link=China&#124;alt=China_Prefecture-level_divisions_of_China994" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Prefecture-level_divisions_of_China" title="Prefecture-level divisions of China">Prefecture-level divisions of China</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Notes: *<b><a href="/wiki/List_of_the_current_and_former_capitals_of_the_subdivisions_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="List of the current and former capitals of the subdivisions of China">Provincial capitals</a></b>, ★<a href="/wiki/Sub-provincial_division#Sub-provincial_municipalities" title="Sub-provincial division">Sub-provincial cities</a>, ☆<a href="/wiki/Sub-provincial_division#Sub-provincial_autonomous_prefecture" title="Sub-provincial division">Sub-provincial autonomous prefecture</a> <i>*<a href="/wiki/Sub-prefectural_city" title="Sub-prefectural city">Sub prefectural-level divisions</a></i>, ✧"<a href="/w/index.php?title=Comparatively_larger_city&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Comparatively larger city (page does not exist)">Comparatively larger city</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BE%83%E5%A4%A7%E7%9A%84%E5%B8%82" class="extiw" title="zh:较大的市">zh</a>]</span>" (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">较大的市</span></span>) as approved by the <a href="/wiki/State_Council_of_China" title="State Council of China">State Council</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_China" title="Provinces of China">Provinces</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Anhui" title="Anhui">Anhui</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Hefei" title="Hefei"><b>Hefei</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuhu" title="Wuhu">Wuhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengbu" title="Bengbu">Bengbu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huainan" title="Huainan">Huainan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma%27anshan" title="Ma'anshan">Ma'anshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huaibei" title="Huaibei">Huaibei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongling" title="Tongling">Tongling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anqing" title="Anqing">Anqing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huangshan_City" title="Huangshan City">Huangshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuzhou" title="Chuzhou">Chuzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuyang" title="Fuyang">Fuyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suzhou,_Anhui" title="Suzhou, Anhui">Suzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lu%27an" title="Lu'an">Lu'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bozhou" title="Bozhou">Bozhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chizhou" title="Chizhou">Chizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xuancheng" title="Xuancheng">Xuancheng</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Fujian" title="Fujian">Fujian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Fuzhou" title="Fuzhou"><b>Fuzhou</b></a></li> <li>★<a href="/wiki/Xiamen" title="Xiamen">Xiamen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Putian" title="Putian">Putian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanming" title="Sanming">Sanming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quanzhou" title="Quanzhou">Quanzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhangzhou" title="Zhangzhou">Zhangzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanping" title="Nanping">Nanping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longyan" title="Longyan">Longyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ningde" title="Ningde">Ningde</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Gansu" title="Gansu">Gansu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Lanzhou" title="Lanzhou"><b>Lanzhou</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiayuguan_City" title="Jiayuguan City">Jiayuguan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinchang" title="Jinchang">Jinchang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baiyin" title="Baiyin">Baiyin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianshui" title="Tianshui">Tianshui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuwei,_Gansu" title="Wuwei, Gansu">Wuwei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhangye" title="Zhangye">Zhangye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pingliang" title="Pingliang">Pingliang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiuquan" title="Jiuquan">Jiuquan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingyang,_Gansu" title="Qingyang, Gansu">Qingyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dingxi" title="Dingxi">Dingxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longnan" title="Longnan">Longnan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linxia_Hui_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture">Linxia (Hui)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gannan_Tibetan_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture">Gannan (Tibetan)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong">Guangdong</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*★<a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou"><b>Guangzhou</b></a></li> <li>★<a href="/wiki/Shenzhen" title="Shenzhen">Shenzhen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaoguan" title="Shaoguan">Shaoguan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhuhai" title="Zhuhai">Zhuhai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shantou" title="Shantou">Shantou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foshan" title="Foshan">Foshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiangmen" title="Jiangmen">Jiangmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhanjiang" title="Zhanjiang">Zhanjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maoming" title="Maoming">Maoming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhaoqing" title="Zhaoqing">Zhaoqing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huizhou" title="Huizhou">Huizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meizhou" title="Meizhou">Meizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangjiang" title="Yangjiang">Yangjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanwei" title="Shanwei">Shanwei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heyuan" title="Heyuan">Heyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingyuan" title="Qingyuan">Qingyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongguan" title="Dongguan">Dongguan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhongshan" title="Zhongshan">Zhongshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jieyang" title="Jieyang">Jieyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yunfu" title="Yunfu">Yunfu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Guizhou" title="Guizhou">Guizhou</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Guiyang" title="Guiyang"><b>Guiyang</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liupanshui" title="Liupanshui">Liupanshui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zunyi" title="Zunyi">Zunyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anshun" title="Anshun">Anshun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bijie" title="Bijie">Bijie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongren" title="Tongren">Tongren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qianxinan_Buyei_and_Miao_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Qianxinan Buyei and Miao Autonomous Prefecture">Qianxinan (Buyei and Miao)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiannan_Buyei_and_Miao_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Qiannan Buyei and Miao Autonomous Prefecture">Qiannan (Buyei and Miao)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiandongnan_Miao_and_Dong_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture">Qiandongnan (Miao and Dong)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Hainan" title="Hainan">Hainan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Haikou" title="Haikou"><b>Haikou</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanya" title="Sanya">Sanya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danzhou" title="Danzhou">Danzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sansha" title="Sansha">Sansha</a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Wuzhishan_City" title="Wuzhishan City"><i>Wuzhishan</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Qionghai" title="Qionghai"><i>Qionghai</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Wenchang" title="Wenchang"><i>Wenchang</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Wanning" title="Wanning"><i>Wanning</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Dongfang,_Hainan" title="Dongfang, Hainan"><i>Dongfang</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Ding%27an_County" title="Ding'an County"><i>Ding'an County</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Tunchang_County" title="Tunchang County"><i>Tunchang County</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Chengmai_County" title="Chengmai County"><i>Chengmai County</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Lingao_County" title="Lingao County"><i>Lingao County</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Baisha_Li_Autonomous_County" title="Baisha Li Autonomous County"><i>Baisha County</i> (Li)</a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Changjiang_Li_Autonomous_County" title="Changjiang Li Autonomous County"><i>Changjiang County</i> (Li)</a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Ledong_Li_Autonomous_County" title="Ledong Li Autonomous County"><i>Ledong County</i> (Li)</a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Lingshui_Li_Autonomous_County" title="Lingshui Li Autonomous County"><i>Lingshui County</i> (Li)</a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Baoting_Li_and_Miao_Autonomous_County" title="Baoting Li and Miao Autonomous County"><i>Baoting County</i> (Li and Miao)</a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Qiongzhong_Li_and_Miao_Autonomous_County" title="Qiongzhong Li and Miao Autonomous County"><i>Qiongzhong County</i> (Li and Miao)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Hebei" title="Hebei">Hebei</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Shijiazhuang" title="Shijiazhuang"><b>Shijiazhuang</b></a></li> <li>✧<a href="/wiki/Tangshan" title="Tangshan">Tangshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qinhuangdao" title="Qinhuangdao">Qinhuangdao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handan" title="Handan">Handan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xingtai" title="Xingtai">Xingtai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baoding" title="Baoding">Baoding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhangjiakou" title="Zhangjiakou">Zhangjiakou "Kalgan"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chengde" title="Chengde">Chengde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cangzhou" title="Cangzhou">Cangzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langfang" title="Langfang">Langfang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hengshui" title="Hengshui">Hengshui</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Henan" title="Henan">Henan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Zhengzhou" title="Zhengzhou"><b>Zhengzhou</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaifeng" title="Kaifeng">Kaifeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luoyang" title="Luoyang">Luoyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pingdingshan" title="Pingdingshan">Pingdingshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anyang" title="Anyang">Anyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebi" title="Hebi">Hebi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinxiang" title="Xinxiang">Xinxiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiaozuo" title="Jiaozuo">Jiaozuo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puyang" title="Puyang">Puyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xuchang" title="Xuchang">Xuchang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luohe" title="Luohe">Luohe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanmenxia" title="Sanmenxia">Sanmenxia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanyang,_Henan" title="Nanyang, Henan">Nanyang</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Shangqiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinyang" title="Xinyang">Xinyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhoukou" title="Zhoukou">Zhoukou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhumadian" title="Zhumadian">Zhumadian</a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Jiyuan" title="Jiyuan"><i>Jiyuan</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Hubei" title="Hubei">Hubei</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*★<a href="/wiki/Wuhan" title="Wuhan"><b>Wuhan</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huangshi" title="Huangshi">Huangshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiyan" title="Shiyan">Shiyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yichang" title="Yichang">Yichang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiangyang" title="Xiangyang">Xiangyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezhou" title="Ezhou">Ezhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jingmen" title="Jingmen">Jingmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiaogan" title="Xiaogan">Xiaogan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jingzhou" title="Jingzhou">Jingzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huanggang" title="Huanggang">Huanggang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xianning" title="Xianning">Xianning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suizhou" title="Suizhou">Suizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enshi_Tujia_and_Miao_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture">Enshi (Tujia and Miao)</a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Xiantao" title="Xiantao"><i>Xiantao</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Qianjiang,_Hubei" title="Qianjiang, Hubei"><i>Qianjiang</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Tianmen" title="Tianmen"><i>Tianmen</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Shennongjia" title="Shennongjia"><i>Shennongjia Forestry District</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Heilongjiang" title="Heilongjiang">Heilongjiang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*★<a href="/wiki/Harbin" title="Harbin"><b>Harbin</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiqihar" title="Qiqihar">Qiqihar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jixi" title="Jixi">Jixi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hegang" title="Hegang">Hegang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuangyashan" title="Shuangyashan">Shuangyashan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daqing" title="Daqing">Daqing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yichun,_Heilongjiang" title="Yichun, Heilongjiang">Yichun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiamusi" title="Jiamusi">Jiamusi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qitaihe" title="Qitaihe">Qitaihe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mudanjiang" title="Mudanjiang">Mudanjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heihe" title="Heihe">Heihe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suihua" title="Suihua">Suihua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daxing%27anling_Prefecture" title="Daxing'anling Prefecture">Daxing'anling Prefecture</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Hunan" title="Hunan">Hunan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Changsha" title="Changsha"><b>Changsha</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhuzhou" title="Zhuzhou">Zhuzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiangtan" title="Xiangtan">Xiangtan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hengyang" title="Hengyang">Hengyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaoyang" title="Shaoyang">Shaoyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yueyang" title="Yueyang">Yueyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changde" title="Changde">Changde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhangjiajie" title="Zhangjiajie">Zhangjiajie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yiyang" title="Yiyang">Yiyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chenzhou" title="Chenzhou">Chenzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yongzhou" title="Yongzhou">Yongzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huaihua" title="Huaihua">Huaihua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loudi" title="Loudi">Loudi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiangxi_Tujia_and_Miao_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture">Xiangxi (Tujia and Miao)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Jilin" title="Jilin">Jilin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*★<a href="/wiki/Changchun" title="Changchun"><b>Changchun</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jilin_City" title="Jilin City">Jilin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siping,_Jilin" title="Siping, Jilin">Siping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liaoyuan" title="Liaoyuan">Liaoyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonghua" title="Tonghua">Tonghua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baishan" title="Baishan">Baishan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Songyuan" title="Songyuan">Songyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baicheng" title="Baicheng">Baicheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yanbian_Korean_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture">Yanbian (Korean)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Jiangsu" title="Jiangsu">Jiangsu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*★<a href="/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing"><b>Nanjing</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuxi" title="Wuxi">Wuxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xuzhou" title="Xuzhou">Xuzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changzhou" title="Changzhou">Changzhou</a></li> <li>✧<a href="/wiki/Suzhou" title="Suzhou">Suzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nantong" title="Nantong">Nantong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lianyungang" title="Lianyungang">Lianyungang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huai%27an" title="Huai'an">Huai'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yancheng" title="Yancheng">Yancheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangzhou" title="Yangzhou">Yangzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhenjiang" title="Zhenjiang">Zhenjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taizhou,_Jiangsu" title="Taizhou, Jiangsu">Taizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suqian" title="Suqian">Suqian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Jiangxi" title="Jiangxi">Jiangxi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Nanchang" title="Nanchang"><b>Nanchang</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jingdezhen" title="Jingdezhen">Jingdezhen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pingxiang" title="Pingxiang">Pingxiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiujiang" title="Jiujiang">Jiujiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinyu" title="Xinyu">Xinyu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yingtan" title="Yingtan">Yingtan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganzhou" title="Ganzhou">Ganzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ji%27an" title="Ji'an">Ji'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yichun,_Jiangxi" title="Yichun, Jiangxi">Yichun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuzhou,_Jiangxi" title="Fuzhou, Jiangxi">Fuzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shangrao" title="Shangrao">Shangrao</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Liaoning" title="Liaoning">Liaoning</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*★<a href="/wiki/Shenyang" title="Shenyang"><b>Shenyang</b></a></li> <li>★<a href="/wiki/Dalian" title="Dalian">Dalian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anshan" title="Anshan">Anshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fushun" title="Fushun">Fushun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benxi" title="Benxi">Benxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dandong" title="Dandong">Dandong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinzhou" title="Jinzhou">Jinzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yingkou" title="Yingkou">Yingkou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuxin" title="Fuxin">Fuxin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liaoyang" title="Liaoyang">Liaoyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panjin" title="Panjin">Panjin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tieling" title="Tieling">Tieling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaoyang,_Liaoning" title="Chaoyang, Liaoning">Chaoyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huludao" title="Huludao">Huludao</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Qinghai" title="Qinghai">Qinghai</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Xining" title="Xining"><b>Xining</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haidong" title="Haidong">Haidong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haibei_Tibetan_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Haibei Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture">Haibei (Tibetan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huangnan_Tibetan_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Huangnan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture">Huangnan (Tibetan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hainan_Tibetan_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Hainan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture">Hainan (Tibetan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golog_Tibetan_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Golog Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture">Golog "Guolog" (Tibetan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yushu_Tibetan_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Yushu Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture">Yushu (Tibetan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haixi_Mongol_and_Tibetan_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Haixi Mongol and Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture">Haixi "Qaidam" (Mongol and Tibetan)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*★<a href="/wiki/Chengdu" title="Chengdu"><b>Chengdu</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zigong" title="Zigong">Zigong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panzhihua" title="Panzhihua">Panzhihua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luzhou" title="Luzhou">Luzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deyang" title="Deyang">Deyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mianyang" title="Mianyang">Mianyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangyuan" title="Guangyuan">Guangyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suining" title="Suining">Suining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neijiang" title="Neijiang">Neijiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leshan" title="Leshan">Leshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanchong" title="Nanchong">Nanchong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meishan" title="Meishan">Meishan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yibin" title="Yibin">Yibin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guang%27an" title="Guang'an">Guang'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dazhou" title="Dazhou">Dazhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bazhong" title="Bazhong">Bazhong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ziyang" title="Ziyang">Ziyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ya%27an" title="Ya'an">Ya'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngawa_Tibetan_and_Qiang_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Ngawa Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture">Ngawa "Aba" (Tibetan and Qiang)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garz%C3%AA_Tibetan_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Garzê Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture">Garzê "Ganzi" (Tibetan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liangshan_Yi_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture">Liangshan (Yi)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Shaanxi" title="Shaanxi">Shaanxi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*★<a href="/wiki/Xi%27an" title="Xi'an"><b>Xi'an</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongchuan" title="Tongchuan">Tongchuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baoji" title="Baoji">Baoji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xianyang" title="Xianyang">Xianyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weinan" title="Weinan">Weinan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yan%27an" title="Yan'an">Yan'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanzhong" title="Hanzhong">Hanzhong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yulin,_Shaanxi" title="Yulin, Shaanxi">Yulin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ankang" title="Ankang">Ankang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shangluo" title="Shangluo">Shangluo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Shandong" title="Shandong">Shandong</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*★<a href="/wiki/Jinan" title="Jinan"><b>Jinan</b></a></li> <li>★<a href="/wiki/Qingdao" title="Qingdao">Qingdao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zibo" title="Zibo">Zibo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaozhuang" title="Zaozhuang">Zaozhuang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongying" title="Dongying">Dongying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yantai" title="Yantai">Yantai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weifang" title="Weifang">Weifang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jining" title="Jining">Jining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai%27an" title="Tai'an">Tai'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weihai" title="Weihai">Weihai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rizhao" title="Rizhao">Rizhao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linyi" title="Linyi">Linyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dezhou" title="Dezhou">Dezhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liaocheng" title="Liaocheng">Liaocheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binzhou" title="Binzhou">Binzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heze" title="Heze">Heze</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Shanxi" title="Shanxi">Shanxi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Taiyuan" title="Taiyuan"><b>Taiyuan</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Datong" title="Datong">Datong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangquan" title="Yangquan">Yangquan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changzhi" title="Changzhi">Changzhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jincheng" title="Jincheng">Jincheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuozhou" title="Shuozhou">Shuozhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinzhong" title="Jinzhong">Jinzhong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuncheng" title="Yuncheng">Yuncheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinzhou" title="Xinzhou">Xinzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linfen" title="Linfen">Linfen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCliang" title="Lüliang">Lüliang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><i><a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Province,_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Taiwan Province, People's Republic of China">Taiwan</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Taipei" title="Taipei"><i><b>Taibei</b></i></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kaohsiung" title="Kaohsiung">Gaoxiong</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/New_Taipei" class="mw-redirect" title="New Taipei">Xinbei</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Taichung" title="Taichung">Taizhong</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tainan" title="Tainan">Tainan</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Taoyuan,_Taiwan" title="Taoyuan, Taiwan">Taoyuan</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Yunnan" title="Yunnan">Yunnan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Kunming" title="Kunming"><b>Kunming</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qujing" title="Qujing">Qujing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuxi" title="Yuxi">Yuxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baoshan,_Yunnan" title="Baoshan, Yunnan">Baoshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhaotong" title="Zhaotong">Zhaotong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lijiang" title="Lijiang">Lijiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pu%27er_City" title="Pu'er City">Pu'er</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincang" title="Lincang">Lincang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuxiong_Yi_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture">Chuxiong (Yi)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honghe_Hani_and_Yi_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture">Honghe (Hani and Yi)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wenshan_Zhuang_and_Miao_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Wenshan Zhuang and Miao Autonomous Prefecture">Wenshan (Zhuang and Miao)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xishuangbanna_Dai_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture">Xishuangbanna (Dai)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dali_Bai_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture">Dali (Bai)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehong_Dai_and_Jingpo_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Dehong Dai and Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture">Dehong (Dai and Jingpo)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nujiang_Lisu_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Nujiang Lisu Autonomous Prefecture">Nujiang (Lisu)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%AAq%C3%AAn_Tibetan_Autonomous_Prefecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Dêqên Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture">Dêqên (Tibetan)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Zhejiang" title="Zhejiang">Zhejiang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*★<a href="/wiki/Hangzhou" title="Hangzhou"><b>Hangzhou</b></a></li> <li>★<a href="/wiki/Ningbo" title="Ningbo">Ningbo</a></li> <li>✧<a href="/wiki/Wenzhou" title="Wenzhou">Wenzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiaxing" title="Jiaxing">Jiaxing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huzhou" title="Huzhou">Huzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaoxing" title="Shaoxing">Shaoxing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinhua" title="Jinhua">Jinhua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quzhou" title="Quzhou">Quzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhoushan" title="Zhoushan">Zhoushan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taizhou,_Zhejiang" title="Taizhou, Zhejiang">Taizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lishui" title="Lishui">Lishui</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_regions_of_China" title="Autonomous regions of China">Autonomous <br />regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Guangxi" title="Guangxi">Guangxi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Nanning" title="Nanning"><b>Nanning</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liuzhou" title="Liuzhou">Liuzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guilin" title="Guilin">Guilin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuzhou" title="Wuzhou">Wuzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beihai" title="Beihai">Beihai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fangchenggang" title="Fangchenggang">Fangchenggang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qinzhou" title="Qinzhou">Qinzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guigang" title="Guigang">Guigang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yulin,_Guangxi" title="Yulin, Guangxi">Yulin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baise" title="Baise">Baise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hezhou" title="Hezhou">Hezhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hechi" title="Hechi">Hechi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laibin" title="Laibin">Laibin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chongzuo" title="Chongzuo">Chongzuo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Ningxia" title="Ningxia">Ningxia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Yinchuan" title="Yinchuan"><b>Yinchuan</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shizuishan" title="Shizuishan">Shizuishan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuzhong,_Ningxia" title="Wuzhong, Ningxia">Wuzhong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guyuan" title="Guyuan">Guyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhongwei" title="Zhongwei">Zhongwei</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Inner_Mongolia" title="Inner Mongolia">Inner <br />Mongolia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Hohhot" title="Hohhot"><b>Hohhot</b></a></li> <li>✧<a href="/wiki/Baotou" title="Baotou">Baotou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuhai" title="Wuhai">Wuhai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chifeng" title="Chifeng">Chifeng "Ulankhad"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongliao" title="Tongliao">Tongliao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordos_City" title="Ordos City">Ordos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hulunbuir" title="Hulunbuir">Hulunbuir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayannur" title="Bayannur">Bayannur "Bayannao'er"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulanqab" title="Ulanqab">Ulanqab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinggan_League" title="Hinggan League">Hinggan League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xilingol_League" title="Xilingol League">Xilingol League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alxa_League" title="Alxa League">Alxa League "Ālāshàn League"</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Xinjiang" title="Xinjiang">Xinjiang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/%C3%9Cr%C3%BCmqi" title="Ürümqi"><b>Ürümqi</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karamay" title="Karamay">Karamay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turpan" title="Turpan">Turpan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hami" title="Hami">Hami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changji_Hui_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture">Changji (Hui)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bortala_Mongol_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Bortala Mongol Autonomous Prefecture">Bortala (Mongol)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayingolin_Mongol_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Bayingolin Mongol Autonomous Prefecture">Bayingolin (Mongol)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kizilsu_Kyrgyz_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Kizilsu Kyrgyz Autonomous Prefecture">Kizilsu (Kyrgyz)</a></li> <li>( ☆<a href="/wiki/Ili_Kazakh_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture">Ili (Kazakh)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tacheng_Prefecture" title="Tacheng Prefecture">Tacheng Prefecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altay_Prefecture" title="Altay Prefecture">Altay Prefecture</a> )</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aksu_Prefecture" title="Aksu Prefecture">Aksu Prefecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashgar_Prefecture" title="Kashgar Prefecture">Kashgar "Kashi" Prefecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hotan_Prefecture" title="Hotan Prefecture">Hotan Prefecture</a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Shihezi" title="Shihezi"><i>Shihezi</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Aral,_Xinjiang" title="Aral, Xinjiang"><i>Aral</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Tumxuk" title="Tumxuk"><i>Tumxuk</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Wujiaqu" title="Wujiaqu"><i>Wujiaqu</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Beitun,_Xinjiang" title="Beitun, Xinjiang"><i>Beitun</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Tiemenguan_City" title="Tiemenguan City"><i>Tiemenguan</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Shuanghe" title="Shuanghe"><i>Shuanghe</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Kokdala" title="Kokdala"><i>Kokdala</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Kunyu,_Xinjiang" title="Kunyu, Xinjiang"><i>Kunyu</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Huyanghe" title="Huyanghe"><i>Huyanghe</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Xinxing,_Xinjiang" title="Xinxing, Xinjiang"><i>Xinxing</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Tibet_Autonomous_Region" title="Tibet Autonomous Region">Tibet</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Lhasa_(prefecture-level_city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lhasa (prefecture-level city)"><b>Lhasa</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shigatse" title="Shigatse">Shigatse "Xigazê"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamdo" title="Chamdo">Chamdo "Qamdo"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyingchi" title="Nyingchi">Nyingchi "Linzhi"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shannan,_Tibet" title="Shannan, Tibet">Shannan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagqu" title="Nagqu">Nagqu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngari_Prefecture" title="Ngari Prefecture">Ngari Prefecture</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Direct-administered_municipalities_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Direct-administered municipalities of China">Direct-administered municipalities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianjin" title="Tianjin">Tianjin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chongqing" title="Chongqing">Chongqing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Special_administrative_regions_of_China" title="Special administrative regions of China">Special administrative regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macau" title="Macau">Macau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><i>See also:</i> <a href="/wiki/List_of_prefectures_in_China" title="List of prefectures in China"><i>List of prefectures in China</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_China" title="List of cities in China"><i>List of cities in China</i></a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link 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