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<span>Administration</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Administration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transportation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transportation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Transportation</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Transportation subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Air" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Air"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Air</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Air-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rail" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rail"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Rail</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rail-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Coach" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Coach"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Coach</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Coach-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Road_transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Road_transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Road transport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Road_transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cuisine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cuisine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Cuisine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cuisine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chrysanthemums" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chrysanthemums"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Chrysanthemums</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chrysanthemums-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sporting_events" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sporting_events"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Sporting events</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Sporting_events-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Sporting events subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Sporting_events-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Zheng-Kai_International_Marathon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zheng-Kai_International_Marathon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Zheng-Kai International Marathon</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zheng-Kai_International_Marathon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Military" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Military"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Military</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Military-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Twin_towns_–_sister_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Twin_towns_–_sister_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Twin towns – sister cities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Twin_towns_–_sister_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Colleges_and_universities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Colleges_and_universities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Colleges and universities</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Colleges_and_universities-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Colleges and universities subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Colleges_and_universities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Public" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1</span> <span>Public</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Kaifeng</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 60 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-60" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">60 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaifeng" title="Kaifeng – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Kaifeng" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%AB%E1%8B%AD%E1%8D%88%E1%8A%95%E1%8C%8D" title="ካይፈንግ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ካይፈንግ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%86%D8%BA" title="كايفنغ – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كايفنغ" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaifeng" title="Kaifeng – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Kaifeng" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khai-hong-chh%C4%AB" title="Khai-hong-chhī – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Khai-hong-chhī" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%84%D1%8D%D0%BD" title="Кайфэн – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Кайфэн" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaifeng" title="Kaifeng – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Kaifeng" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaifeng_(lungsod_sa_Pangmasang_Republika_sa_T%C5%9Bina)" title="Kaifeng (lungsod sa Pangmasang Republika sa Tśina) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Kaifeng (lungsod sa Pangmasang Republika sa Tśina)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kchaj-feng" title="Kchaj-feng – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kchaj-feng" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaifeng" title="Kaifeng – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kaifeng" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaifeng" title="Kaifeng – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kaifeng" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaifeng" title="Kaifeng – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kaifeng" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaifeng" title="Kaifeng – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Kaifeng" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kajfengo" title="Kajfengo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kajfengo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaifeng" title="Kaifeng – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kaifeng" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%81%D9%86%DA%AF" title="کایفنگ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کایفنگ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaifeng" title="Kaifeng – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Kaifeng" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaifeng" title="Kaifeng – Kikuyu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Kaifeng" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="Kikuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B9%B4%EC%9D%B4%ED%8E%91%EC%8B%9C" title="카이펑시 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="카이펑시" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%A1%D5%B5%D6%86%D5%AB%D5%B6" title="Կայֆին – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կայֆին" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaifeng" title="Kaifeng – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kaifeng" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaifeng" title="Kaifeng – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Kaifeng" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaifeng" title="Kaifeng – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kaifeng" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaifeng" title="Kaifeng – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Kaifeng" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%A0%D7%92" title="קאיפנג – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קאיפנג" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaifeng" title="Kaifeng – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Kaifeng" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A5%E1%83%90%E1%83%98%E1%83%A4%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%92%E1%83%98" title="ქაიფენგი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ქაიფენგი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaifeng" title="Kaifeng – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Kaifeng" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaifengas" title="Kaifengas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kaifengas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kajfeng" title="Kajfeng – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kajfeng" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaifeng" title="Kaifeng – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Kaifeng" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%86%D8%AC" title="كايفنج – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="كايفنج" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C4%83i-h%C5%ADng" title="Kăi-hŭng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Kăi-hŭng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%84%D1%8D%D0%BD" title="Кайфэн – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Кайфэн" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaifeng" title="Kaifeng – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kaifeng" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%96%8B%E5%B0%81%E5%B8%82" title="開封市 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="開封市" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaifeng" title="Kaifeng – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kaifeng" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaifeng" title="Kaifeng – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kaifeng" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kayfin" title="Kayfin – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Kayfin" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaifeng" title="Kaifeng – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kaifeng" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaifeng" title="Kaifeng – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Kaifeng" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaifeng" title="Kaifeng – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Kaifeng" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%84%D1%8B%D0%BD" title="Кайфын – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Кайфын" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaifeng" title="Kaifeng – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Kaifeng" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaifeng" title="Kaifeng – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Kaifeng" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%98%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Кајфенг – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Кајфенг" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaifeng" title="Kaifeng – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kaifeng" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaifeng" title="Kaifeng – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kaifeng" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaifeng" title="Kaifeng – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kaifeng" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%83%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D" title="கைஃபெங் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கைஃபெங்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%84%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%87" title="ไคเฟิง – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ไคเฟิง" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaifeng" title="Kaifeng – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kaifeng" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Кайфен – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Кайфен" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF" title="کائفینگ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کائفینگ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keyf%C3%A9ng_shehiri" title="Keyféng shehiri – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="Keyféng shehiri" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khai_Phong" title="Khai Phong – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Khai Phong" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaifeng" title="Kaifeng – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Kaifeng" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BC%80%E5%B0%81%E5%B8%82" title="开封市 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="开封市" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%96%8B%E5%B0%81" title="開封 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="開封" data-language-autonym="粵語" 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class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Kaifeng&params=34_47_42_N_114_20_42_E_type:adm2nd_region:CN-41"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">34°47′42″N</span> <span class="longitude">114°20′42″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">34.79500°N 114.34500°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">34.79500; 114.34500</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">City in Henan, China</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Kaifeng_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Kaifeng (disambiguation)">Kaifeng (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Prefecture-level city in Henan, People's Republic of China</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Kaifeng</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native" lang="zh-Hans">开封市</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Prefecture-level_city" title="Prefecture-level city">Prefecture-level city</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti 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style="width:272px;max-width:272px;border:none"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:270px;max-width:270px"><div style="border:1;;height:179px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E9%BE%99%E4%BA%AD%E5%85%AC%E5%9B%AD_-_panoramio_(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/%E9%BE%99%E4%BA%AD%E5%85%AC%E5%9B%AD_-_panoramio_%282%29.jpg/268px-%E9%BE%99%E4%BA%AD%E5%85%AC%E5%9B%AD_-_panoramio_%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="268" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/%E9%BE%99%E4%BA%AD%E5%85%AC%E5%9B%AD_-_panoramio_%282%29.jpg/402px-%E9%BE%99%E4%BA%AD%E5%85%AC%E5%9B%AD_-_panoramio_%282%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/%E9%BE%99%E4%BA%AD%E5%85%AC%E5%9B%AD_-_panoramio_%282%29.jpg/536px-%E9%BE%99%E4%BA%AD%E5%85%AC%E5%9B%AD_-_panoramio_%282%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="857" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:173px;max-width:173px"><div style="border:1;;height:158px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E6%B8%85%E5%BF%83%E6%A5%BC_(6162261508).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/%E6%B8%85%E5%BF%83%E6%A5%BC_%286162261508%29.jpg/171px-%E6%B8%85%E5%BF%83%E6%A5%BC_%286162261508%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="171" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/%E6%B8%85%E5%BF%83%E6%A5%BC_%286162261508%29.jpg/257px-%E6%B8%85%E5%BF%83%E6%A5%BC_%286162261508%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/%E6%B8%85%E5%BF%83%E6%A5%BC_%286162261508%29.jpg/342px-%E6%B8%85%E5%BF%83%E6%A5%BC_%286162261508%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1384" data-file-height="1279" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:95px;max-width:95px"><div style="border:1;;height:158px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Iron_Pagoda_%E9%93%81%E5%A1%94_(6162387102).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Iron_Pagoda_%E9%93%81%E5%A1%94_%286162387102%29.jpg/93px-Iron_Pagoda_%E9%93%81%E5%A1%94_%286162387102%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="93" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Iron_Pagoda_%E9%93%81%E5%A1%94_%286162387102%29.jpg/140px-Iron_Pagoda_%E9%93%81%E5%A1%94_%286162387102%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Iron_Pagoda_%E9%93%81%E5%A1%94_%286162387102%29.jpg/186px-Iron_Pagoda_%E9%93%81%E5%A1%94_%286162387102%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="972" data-file-height="1659" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:134px;max-width:134px"><div style="border:1;;height:98px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E5%BC%80%E5%B0%81%E5%AE%8B%E9%83%BD%E5%BE%A1%E8%A1%97_122.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/%E5%BC%80%E5%B0%81%E5%AE%8B%E9%83%BD%E5%BE%A1%E8%A1%97_122.jpg/132px-%E5%BC%80%E5%B0%81%E5%AE%8B%E9%83%BD%E5%BE%A1%E8%A1%97_122.jpg" decoding="async" width="132" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/%E5%BC%80%E5%B0%81%E5%AE%8B%E9%83%BD%E5%BE%A1%E8%A1%97_122.jpg/198px-%E5%BC%80%E5%B0%81%E5%AE%8B%E9%83%BD%E5%BE%A1%E8%A1%97_122.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/%E5%BC%80%E5%B0%81%E5%AE%8B%E9%83%BD%E5%BE%A1%E8%A1%97_122.jpg/264px-%E5%BC%80%E5%B0%81%E5%AE%8B%E9%83%BD%E5%BE%A1%E8%A1%97_122.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1936" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:134px;max-width:134px"><div style="border:1;;height:98px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E9%B2%81%E6%99%BA%E6%B7%B1%E5%A4%A7%E7%9B%B8%E5%9B%BD%E5%AF%BA%E5%88%B0%E6%8B%94%E6%9D%A8%E6%9F%B3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/%E9%B2%81%E6%99%BA%E6%B7%B1%E5%A4%A7%E7%9B%B8%E5%9B%BD%E5%AF%BA%E5%88%B0%E6%8B%94%E6%9D%A8%E6%9F%B3.jpg/132px-%E9%B2%81%E6%99%BA%E6%B7%B1%E5%A4%A7%E7%9B%B8%E5%9B%BD%E5%AF%BA%E5%88%B0%E6%8B%94%E6%9D%A8%E6%9F%B3.jpg" decoding="async" width="132" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/%E9%B2%81%E6%99%BA%E6%B7%B1%E5%A4%A7%E7%9B%B8%E5%9B%BD%E5%AF%BA%E5%88%B0%E6%8B%94%E6%9D%A8%E6%9F%B3.jpg/198px-%E9%B2%81%E6%99%BA%E6%B7%B1%E5%A4%A7%E7%9B%B8%E5%9B%BD%E5%AF%BA%E5%88%B0%E6%8B%94%E6%9D%A8%E6%9F%B3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/%E9%B2%81%E6%99%BA%E6%B7%B1%E5%A4%A7%E7%9B%B8%E5%9B%BD%E5%AF%BA%E5%88%B0%E6%8B%94%E6%9D%A8%E6%9F%B3.jpg/264px-%E9%B2%81%E6%99%BA%E6%B7%B1%E5%A4%A7%E7%9B%B8%E5%9B%BD%E5%AF%BA%E5%88%B0%E6%8B%94%E6%9D%A8%E6%9F%B3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1500" /></a></span></div></div></div></div></div><div class="ib-settlement-caption"><b>Clockwise:</b> <a href="/wiki/Dragon_Pavilion" title="Dragon Pavilion">Dragon Pavilion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iron_Pagoda" title="Iron Pagoda">Iron Pagoda</a>, Lu Zhishen Daxiangguo Temple, Songdu Royal Street, Kaifeng Mayor's Mansion</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ChinaHenanKaifeng.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Location of Kaifeng City jurisdiction in Henan"><img alt="Location of Kaifeng City jurisdiction in Henan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/ChinaHenanKaifeng.png/250px-ChinaHenanKaifeng.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/ChinaHenanKaifeng.png/375px-ChinaHenanKaifeng.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6b/ChinaHenanKaifeng.png 2x" data-file-width="491" data-file-height="471" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Location of Kaifeng City jurisdiction in Henan</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:China_edcp_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kaifeng is located in China"><img alt="Kaifeng is located in China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/China_edcp_location_map.svg/250px-China_edcp_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="199" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/China_edcp_location_map.svg/375px-China_edcp_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/China_edcp_location_map.svg/500px-China_edcp_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="408" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:55.817%;left:67.197%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Kaifeng"><img alt="Kaifeng" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Kaifeng</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location in <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Kaifeng&params=34_47_42_N_114_20_42_E_type:adm2nd_region:CN-41"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">34°47′42″N</span> <span class="longitude">114°20′42″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">34.79500°N 114.34500°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">34.79500; 114.34500</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">People's Republic of China</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Province_(China)" class="mw-redirect" title="Province (China)">Province</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Henan" title="Henan">Henan</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Municipal seat</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Longting_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Longting District">Longting District</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-hongheiku_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hongheiku-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • <a href="/wiki/Prefecture-level_city" title="Prefecture-level city">Prefecture-level city</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">6,247 km<sup>2</sup> (2,412 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Urban<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,848.5 km<sup>2</sup> (713.7 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Metro<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,848.5 km<sup>2</sup> (713.7 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">75 m (245 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2020 census)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • <a href="/wiki/Prefecture-level_city" title="Prefecture-level city">Prefecture-level city</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">4,824,016</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">770/km<sup>2</sup> (2,000/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Urban_area" title="Urban area">Urban</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,735,581</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Urban density</th><td class="infobox-data">940/km<sup>2</sup> (2,400/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_area" title="Metropolitan area">Metro</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,735,581</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Metro density</th><td class="infobox-data">940/km<sup>2</sup> (2,400/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">GDP<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Prefecture-level_city" title="Prefecture-level city">Prefecture-level city</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Renminbi" title="Renminbi">CN¥</a> 175.5 billion<br /><a href="/wiki/US$" class="mw-redirect" title="US$">US$</a> 26.4 billion</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Per capita</th><td class="infobox-data">CN¥ 38,619<br />US$ 5,814</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B8" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+8">UTC+8</a> (<a href="/wiki/China_Standard_Time" class="mw-redirect" title="China Standard Time">China Standard</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbering_plan" title="Telephone numbering plan">Area code</a></th><td class="infobox-data">371</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166 code</a></th><td class="infobox-data nickname"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2:CN" title="ISO 3166-2:CN">CN-HA-02</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Major <a href="/wiki/Nationalities_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Nationalities of China">Nationalities</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Han_Chinese" title="Han Chinese">Han</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hui_people" title="Hui people">Hui</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">County-level divisions</th><td class="infobox-data">5</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/License_Plate_(China)" class="mw-redirect" title="License Plate (China)">License plate prefixes</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-CN">豫B</span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kaifeng.gov.cn">kaifeng<wbr />.gov<wbr />.cn</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="color: #202122;background-color:#b0c4de">Kaifeng</th></tr><tr style="display:none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image notheme" style="background-color: #f8f9fa;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Kaifeng_(Chinese_characters).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Kaifeng_%28Chinese_characters%29.svg/100px-Kaifeng_%28Chinese_characters%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Kaifeng_%28Chinese_characters%29.svg/150px-Kaifeng_%28Chinese_characters%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Kaifeng_%28Chinese_characters%29.svg/200px-Kaifeng_%28Chinese_characters%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="329" data-file-height="367" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">"Kaifeng" in Simplified (top) and Traditional (bottom) Chinese characters</div></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Simplified Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans" style="font-size: 1rem;">开封</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Traditional Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant" style="font-size: 1rem;">開封</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;">Literal meaning</th><td class="infobox-data">"Opening the Border"</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox-subbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="display:inline-table; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left;color: #202122; background-color: #f9ffbc;">Transcriptions</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Mandarin</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Kāifēng</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Bopomofo" title="Bopomofo">Bopomofo</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">ㄎㄞ¯ㄈㄥ¯</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Spelling_in_Gwoyeu_Romatzyh" title="Spelling in Gwoyeu Romatzyh">Gwoyeu Romatzyh</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Kaifeng</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles">Wade–Giles</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">K'ai<sup>1</sup>-feng<sup>1</sup></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">IPA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn"><span class="IPA" lang="cmn-Latn-fonipa" style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">[kʰaɪ.fə́ŋ]</a></span></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Cantonese" title="Cantonese">Yue: Cantonese</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Yale_romanization_of_Cantonese" title="Yale romanization of Cantonese">Yale Romanization</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Yue Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="yue-Latn">Hōi-fūng</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Jyutping" title="Jyutping">Jyutping</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Yue Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="yue-Latn">Hoi<sup>1</sup>-fung<sup>1</sup></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Cantonese" title="Help:IPA/Cantonese">IPA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Yue Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="yue-Latn"><span class="IPA" lang="yue-Latn-fonipa" style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Cantonese" title="Help:IPA/Cantonese">[hɔj˥.fʊŋ˥]</a></span></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Min" title="Southern Min">Southern Min</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Romanization_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Taiwanese Romanization System">Tâi-lô</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Min Nan Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="nan-Latn">Khui-pang</span></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Kaifeng</b> (<a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hans">开封</span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Kāifēng</span></i>) is a <a href="/wiki/Prefecture-level_city" title="Prefecture-level city">prefecture-level city</a> in east-<a href="/wiki/Zhongyuan" title="Zhongyuan">central</a> <a href="/wiki/Henan" title="Henan">Henan</a> province, China. It is one of the <a href="/wiki/Historical_capitals_of_China" title="Historical capitals of China">Eight Ancient Capitals of China</a>, having been the capital eight times in history, and is most known for having been the Chinese capital during the <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty#Northern_Song,_960–1127" title="Song dynasty">Northern Song dynasty</a>. </p><p>As of the <a href="/wiki/2020_Chinese_census" title="2020 Chinese census">2020 census</a>, 4,824,016 people lived in Kaifeng's Prefecture, of whom 1,735,581 lived in the metropolitan area consisting of Xiangfu, Longting, Shunhe Hui, Gulou and Yuwantai Districts. Located along the <a href="/wiki/Yellow_River" title="Yellow River">Yellow River</a>'s southern bank, it borders the provincial capital of <a href="/wiki/Zhengzhou" title="Zhengzhou">Zhengzhou</a> to the west, <a href="/wiki/Xinxiang" title="Xinxiang">Xinxiang</a> to the northwest, <a href="/wiki/Shangqiu" title="Shangqiu">Shangqiu</a> to the east, <a href="/wiki/Zhoukou" title="Zhoukou">Zhoukou</a> to the southeast, <a href="/wiki/Xuchang" title="Xuchang">Xuchang</a> to the southwest, and <a href="/wiki/Heze" title="Heze">Heze</a> of <a href="/wiki/Shandong" title="Shandong">Shandong</a> to the northeast. </p><p>Kaifeng is a major city for scientific research, appearing among the world's top 200 <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_by_scientific_output" title="List of cities by scientific output">cities by scientific output</a> as tracked by the <a href="/wiki/Nature_Index" title="Nature Index">Nature Index</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city is home to a campus of <a href="/wiki/Henan_University" title="Henan University">Henan University</a>, one of the national key universities in the <a href="/wiki/Double_First_Class_University_Plan" class="mw-redirect" title="Double First Class University Plan">Double First Class University Plan</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Names">Names</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaifeng&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Names"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Postal_romanization" class="mw-redirect" title="Postal romanization">postal romanization</a> for the city is "Kaifeng". Its official one-character abbreviation in Chinese is <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">汴</span></span> (<i>Biàn</i>). Historically it has also been known as: </p> <ul><li><i>Dàliáng</i> (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh">大梁</span>)</li> <li><i>Biànliáng</i> (<span lang="zh">汴梁</span>)</li> <li><i>Biànzhōu</i> (<span lang="zh">汴州</span>)</li> <li><i>Nánjīng</i> (<span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%AC" class="extiw" title="wikt:南京">南京</a></span>), from its status as the <a href="/wiki/Jurchen_Jin" class="mw-redirect" title="Jurchen Jin">Jurchen Jin</a>'s southern capital and not to be confused with modern-day <a href="/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing">Nanjing</a></li> <li><i>Dōngjīng</i> (<span lang="zh-Hant"><a href="/wiki/Dongjing_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Dongjing (disambiguation)">東京</a></span>)</li> <li><i>Biànjīng</i> (<span lang="zh">汴京</span>)</li></ul> <p>The area was named "Kaifeng" after the <a href="/wiki/Qin_dynasty" title="Qin dynasty">Qin</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Qin%27s_wars_of_unification" title="Qin's wars of unification">conquest of China</a> in the second century BC. The name literally means "opening the border" and figuratively "hidden" and "vengeance".<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its name was originally Qifeng (<a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hant">啓封</span>), but the syllable <i>qi</i> (Baxter-Sagart: /*kʰˤijʔ/) was changed to the essentially synonymous <i>kai</i> (/*Nə-[k]ʰˤəj/, /*[k]ʰˤəj/) to avoid the <a href="/wiki/Naming_taboo" title="Naming taboo">naming taboo</a> of Liu Qi (<a href="/wiki/Emperor_Jing_of_Han" title="Emperor Jing of Han">Emperor Jing of Han</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Administration">Administration</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaifeng&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Administration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Prefecture-level_city" title="Prefecture-level city">prefecture-level city</a> of Kaifeng administers five <a href="/wiki/District_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="District of China">districts</a> and four <a href="/wiki/County_(People%27s_Republic_of_China)" class="mw-redirect" title="County (People's Republic of China)">counties</a>: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gulou_District,_Kaifeng" class="mw-redirect" title="Gulou District, Kaifeng">Gulou District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longting_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Longting District">Longting District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuwangtai_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Yuwangtai District">Yuwangtai District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiangfu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Xiangfu District">Xiangfu District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shunhe_Hui_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Shunhe Hui District">Shunhe Hui District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weishi_County" title="Weishi County">Weishi County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qi_County,_Kaifeng" title="Qi County, Kaifeng">Qi County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongxu_County" title="Tongxu County">Tongxu County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lankao_County" title="Lankao County">Lankao County</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Map </th></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><div style="position: relative" class="center"> <div role="img" class="noresize" style="width: 497px; line-height: 1; text-align: center; background-color: #ffffff; position: relative;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Administrative_Division_Kaifeng.png/497px-Administrative_Division_Kaifeng.png" decoding="async" width="497" height="363" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Administrative_Division_Kaifeng.png/746px-Administrative_Division_Kaifeng.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Administrative_Division_Kaifeng.png/994px-Administrative_Division_Kaifeng.png 2x" data-file-width="2850" data-file-height="2080" /></span></span> <div style="position:absolute; left:126.53333333333px; top:77.449122807018px"><a href="/wiki/Longting_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Longting District"><b>Longting</b></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:175.36140350877px; top:93.143859649123px"><a href="/wiki/Shunhe_Hui_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Shunhe Hui District"><span style="font-size:smaller;"><b>Shunhe</b></span></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:138.74035087719px; top:122.78947368421px"><a href="/wiki/Gulou_District,_Kaifeng" class="mw-redirect" title="Gulou District, Kaifeng"><span style="font-size:smaller;"><b>Gulou</b></span></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:163.15438596491px; top:112.32631578947px"><a href="/wiki/Yuwangtai_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Yuwangtai District"><span style="font-size:smaller;"><b>Yuwangtai</b></span></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:217.21403508772px; top:129.7649122807px"><a href="/wiki/Xiangfu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Xiangfu District"><b>Xiangfu</b></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:304.40701754386px; top:216.95789473684px"><a href="/wiki/Qi_County,_Kaifeng" title="Qi County, Kaifeng"><b>Qi<br />County</b></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:205.00701754386px; top:243.11578947368px"><a href="/wiki/Tongxu_County" title="Tongxu County"><b>Tongxu<br />County</b></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:81.19298245614px; top:269.27368421053px"><a href="/wiki/Weishi_County" title="Weishi County"><b>Weishi<br />County</b></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:377.64912280702px; top:54.778947368421px"><a href="/wiki/Lankao_County" title="Lankao County"><b>Lankao<br />County</b></a></div> </div> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaifeng&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:304px;max-width:304px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:302px;max-width:302px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kaifeng_in_Northern_Song_Dynasty_d.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Kaifeng_in_Northern_Song_Dynasty_d.jpg/300px-Kaifeng_in_Northern_Song_Dynasty_d.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Kaifeng_in_Northern_Song_Dynasty_d.jpg/450px-Kaifeng_in_Northern_Song_Dynasty_d.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Kaifeng_in_Northern_Song_Dynasty_d.jpg/600px-Kaifeng_in_Northern_Song_Dynasty_d.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:302px;max-width:302px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Model_of_Kaifeng_in_Northern_Song_Dynasty_a.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Model_of_Kaifeng_in_Northern_Song_Dynasty_a.jpg/300px-Model_of_Kaifeng_in_Northern_Song_Dynasty_a.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Model_of_Kaifeng_in_Northern_Song_Dynasty_a.jpg/450px-Model_of_Kaifeng_in_Northern_Song_Dynasty_a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Model_of_Kaifeng_in_Northern_Song_Dynasty_a.jpg/600px-Model_of_Kaifeng_in_Northern_Song_Dynasty_a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4752" data-file-height="3168" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">Model diorama of Kaifang in the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Song_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Song dynasty">Northern Song dynasty</a></div></div></div></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:QingmingshangHetu.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/QingmingshangHetu.jpg/200px-QingmingshangHetu.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/QingmingshangHetu.jpg/300px-QingmingshangHetu.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/QingmingshangHetu.jpg/400px-QingmingshangHetu.jpg 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="489" /></a><figcaption>The famous painting <i><a href="/wiki/Along_the_River_During_the_Qingming_Festival" title="Along the River During the Qingming Festival">Along the River During the Qingming Festival</a></i> is believed by some to portray life in Kaifeng on <a href="/wiki/Qingming_Festival" title="Qingming Festival">Qingming Festival</a>. Several versions exist – the above is an 18th-century recreation – of an original attributed to the 12th-century artist <a href="/wiki/Zhang_Zeduan" title="Zhang Zeduan">Zhang Zeduan</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kaifeng_in_Northern_Song.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Kaifeng_in_Northern_Song.jpg/300px-Kaifeng_in_Northern_Song.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="232" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Kaifeng_in_Northern_Song.jpg/450px-Kaifeng_in_Northern_Song.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Kaifeng_in_Northern_Song.jpg/600px-Kaifeng_in_Northern_Song.jpg 2x" data-file-width="977" data-file-height="754" /></a><figcaption>The city of Kaifeng (Dongjing, Bianliang) in Northern Song dynasty</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Txu-oclc-10552568-ni50-5-back.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Txu-oclc-10552568-ni50-5-back.jpg/220px-Txu-oclc-10552568-ni50-5-back.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Txu-oclc-10552568-ni50-5-back.jpg/330px-Txu-oclc-10552568-ni50-5-back.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Txu-oclc-10552568-ni50-5-back.jpg/440px-Txu-oclc-10552568-ni50-5-back.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5000" data-file-height="4240" /></a><figcaption>Map of Kaifeng (K'ai-feng)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Outer_city_of_Bianjing.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Outer_city_of_Bianjing.JPG/220px-Outer_city_of_Bianjing.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Outer_city_of_Bianjing.JPG/330px-Outer_city_of_Bianjing.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Outer_city_of_Bianjing.JPG/440px-Outer_city_of_Bianjing.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1928" data-file-height="1180" /></a><figcaption>Outer city of Bianjing (Kaifeng), Yuan dynasty map from <a href="/wiki/Shilin_Guangji" title="Shilin Guangji">Shilin Guangji</a> by <a href="/wiki/Chen_Yuanjing" title="Chen Yuanjing">Chen Yuanjing</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Kaifeng is one of the <a href="/wiki/Historical_capitals_of_China" title="Historical capitals of China">Eight Ancient Capitals of China</a>. As with Beijing, there have been many reconstructions during its history.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 364 BC during the <a href="/wiki/Warring_States_period" title="Warring States period">Warring States period</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Wei_(state)" title="Wei (state)">State of Wei</a> founded a city called Daliang (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">大梁</span></span>) as its capital in this area. During this period, the first of many canals in the area was constructed linking a local river to the <a href="/wiki/Yellow_River" title="Yellow River">Yellow River</a>. When the <a href="/wiki/Qin_(state)" title="Qin (state)">State of Qin</a> conquered the State of Wei, Kaifeng was destroyed and abandoned except for a mid-sized market town, which remained in place.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Han_dynasty" title="Han dynasty">Han dynasty</a>, the city underwent some reconstruction. Kaifeng became the capital of <a href="/wiki/Liu_Wu,_Prince_of_Liang" title="Liu Wu, Prince of Liang">Liu Wu</a> (son of Han emperor <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Wen_of_Han" title="Emperor Wen of Han">Wen</a>) when he was enfeoffed as Prince of Liang. Liu Wu restored and constructed many buildings and old city walls. Kaifeng became a center of music, art, a refuge for artists, and of splendid gardens despite the trivial political importance of the city at this period.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Early in the 7th century, Kaifeng was transformed into a major commercial hub when it was connected to the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Canal_(China)" title="Grand Canal (China)">Grand Canal</a> as well as through the construction of a canal running to western <a href="/wiki/Shandong" title="Shandong">Shandong</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 781 during the <a href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty" title="Tang dynasty">Tang dynasty</a>, a new city was reconstructed and named Bian (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">汴</span></span>). Bian was the capital of the <a href="/wiki/Later_Liang_(Five_Dynasties)" title="Later Liang (Five Dynasties)">Later Liang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Later_Jin_(Five_Dynasties)" title="Later Jin (Five Dynasties)">Later Jin</a> (936–946), <a href="/wiki/Later_Han_(Five_Dynasties)" title="Later Han (Five Dynasties)">Later Han</a> (947–950), and <a href="/wiki/Later_Zhou" title="Later Zhou">Later Zhou</a> (951–960) of the <a href="/wiki/Five_Dynasties_and_Ten_Kingdoms_period" title="Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period">Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song dynasty</a> made Bian its capital when it overthrew the Later Zhou (Chenqiao incident) in 960. Shortly afterwards, the city underwent further expansion. </p><p>During the Song, when it was known as Dongjing or Bianjing, Kaifeng, then the largest and most prosperous city in China, was the capital, with a population of over 400,000 living both inside and outside the city wall. <a href="/wiki/Typhus" title="Typhus">Typhus</a> was an acute problem in the city. The historian <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Gernet" title="Jacques Gernet">Jacques Gernet</a> provides a lively picture of life in this period in his <i>Daily Life in China on the Eve of the Mongol Invasion, 1250-1276,</i> which often draws on <i><a href="/wiki/Dongjing_Meng_Hua_Lu" title="Dongjing Meng Hua Lu">Dongjing Meng Hua Lu</a></i>, a nostalgic memoir of the city of Kaifeng.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1049, the Youguosi Pagoda (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">佑國寺塔</span></span>) – or <a href="/wiki/Iron_Pagoda" title="Iron Pagoda">Iron Pagoda</a> as it is called today – was constructed measuring 54.7 m (179 ft) in height. It has survived the vicissitudes of war and floods to become the oldest landmark in this ancient city. Another Song-dynasty pagoda, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Po_Tower&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Po Tower (page does not exist)">Po Tower</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B9%81%E5%A1%94" class="extiw" title="zh:繁塔">zh</a>]</span>, dating from 974, has been partially destroyed. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Song-Imperial-Garden1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Song-Imperial-Garden1.jpg/200px-Song-Imperial-Garden1.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="191" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Song-Imperial-Garden1.jpg/300px-Song-Imperial-Garden1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Song-Imperial-Garden1.jpg/400px-Song-Imperial-Garden1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="591" data-file-height="565" /></a><figcaption><i>Games in the Jinming Pool</i>, an early 12th-century painting depicting Kaifeng, by <a href="/wiki/Zhang_Zeduan" title="Zhang Zeduan">Zhang Zeduan</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Another well-known sight was the <a href="/wiki/Astronomy" title="Astronomy">astronomical</a> <a href="/wiki/Clock_tower" title="Clock tower">clock tower</a> of the engineer, scientist, and statesman <a href="/wiki/Su_Song" title="Su Song">Su Song</a> (1020–1101 AD). It was crowned with a rotating <a href="/wiki/Armillary_sphere" title="Armillary sphere">armillary sphere</a> that was <a href="/wiki/Hydraulics" title="Hydraulics">hydraulically powered</a> (i.e. by <a href="/wiki/Water_wheel" title="Water wheel">water wheel</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Water_clock" title="Water clock">water clock</a>), yet it incorporated an <a href="/wiki/Escapement" title="Escapement">escapement</a> mechanism two hundred years before they were found in the clockworks of <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a> and featured the first known endless power-transmitting <a href="/wiki/Chain_drive" title="Chain drive">chain drive</a>. </p><p>Kaifeng reached its peak importance in the 11th century as a commercial and industrial center at the intersection of four major canals. During this time, the city was surrounded by three rings of city walls and probably had a population of between 600,000 and 700,000. It is believed that Kaifeng was the largest city in the world from 1013 to 1127.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This period ended in 1127 when the city fell to <a href="/wiki/Jurchen_people" title="Jurchen people">Jurchen</a> invaders during the <a href="/wiki/Jingkang_Incident" class="mw-redirect" title="Jingkang Incident">Jingkang Incident</a>. It subsequently came under the rule of the Jurchen <a href="/wiki/Jin_dynasty_(1115%E2%80%931234)" title="Jin dynasty (1115–1234)">Jin dynasty</a>, which had conquered most of <a href="/wiki/North_China" title="North China">North China</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Jin%E2%80%93Song_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Jin–Song Wars">Jin–Song Wars</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While it remained an important administrative center, only the area inside the inner city wall of the early Song remained settled and the two outer rings were abandoned. </p><p>As the imperial capital of the Song, Kaifeng was conveniently situated along the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Canal_(China)" title="Grand Canal (China)">Grand Canal</a> for logistics supply but militarily vulnerable due to its position on the <a href="/wiki/Floodplain" title="Floodplain">floodplains</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Yellow_River" title="Yellow River">Yellow River</a>. </p><p>Kaifeng served as the Jurchen "southern capital" from 1157 (other sources say 1161) and was reconstructed during this time.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Jurchen kept their main capital further north until 1214 when they were forced to move the imperial court southwards to Kaifeng in order to flee from the onslaught of the <a href="/wiki/Mongols" title="Mongols">Mongols</a>. In 1232 they succumbed to the combined Mongol and Song forces in the <a href="/wiki/Mongol_siege_of_Kaifeng" title="Mongol siege of Kaifeng">Mongol siege of Kaifeng</a>. The Mongols captured the city and in 1279 <a href="/wiki/Mongol_invasion_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Mongol invasion of China">conquered all of China</a>. During the Yuan dynasty Bianliang became the capital of <a href="/wiki/Henan_Jiangbei_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Henan Jiangbei Province">Henan Jiangbei Province</a>, which was established in 1277. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:East_Market_street,_Kaifeng-1-.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/East_Market_street%2C_Kaifeng-1-.JPG/200px-East_Market_street%2C_Kaifeng-1-.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/East_Market_street%2C_Kaifeng-1-.JPG/300px-East_Market_street%2C_Kaifeng-1-.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/East_Market_street%2C_Kaifeng-1-.JPG/400px-East_Market_street%2C_Kaifeng-1-.JPG 2x" data-file-width="973" data-file-height="625" /></a><figcaption>East Market Street, Kaifeng, 1910. The <a href="/wiki/Synagogue" title="Synagogue">synagogue</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Kaifeng_Jews" title="Kaifeng Jews">Kaifeng Jews</a> lay beyond the row of stores on the right</figcaption></figure> <p>In the Mongol siege of Kaifeng, the Mongols and Han Chinese (who defected to the Mongols) slaughtered the male members of the Jin Jurchen Wanyan Imperial family and took the royal women including the Jin concubines and princesses to Mongolia as war booty. Mongols looted the city when it fell, but atypical to most sieges in the time period, they permitted trade. The richest residents of the city sold their luxury belongings to Mongol soldiers for critically needed food supplies. Male members of the Jurchen Jin Wanyan royal family residing in the city were captured and executed.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All Jin imperial concubines, including the empress dowager, were captured and taken north.<sup id="cite_ref-liezhuan2_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-liezhuan2-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1260, <a href="/wiki/Marco_Polo" title="Marco Polo">Marco Polo</a> arrived at Kaifeng, and wrote about it in his diaries. </p><p>The city was briefly captured around the mid-14th century by the <a href="/wiki/Red_Turban_Rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="Red Turban Rebellion">Red Turban</a> rebels who made it their capital for ten years. They were crushed by the newly established Ming forces. At the beginning of the <a href="/wiki/Ming_dynasty" title="Ming dynasty">Ming dynasty</a> in 1368, Kaifeng was made the capital of Henan province.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1642, <a href="/wiki/1642_Yellow_River_flood" title="1642 Yellow River flood">Kaifeng was flooded</a> by the Ming army with water from the Yellow River to prevent the peasant rebel <a href="/wiki/Li_Zicheng" title="Li Zicheng">Li Zicheng</a> from taking over. After this disaster, the city was abandoned again. In 1662, during the reign of the <a href="/wiki/Kangxi_Emperor" title="Kangxi Emperor">Kangxi Emperor</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">Qing dynasty</a>, Kaifeng was rebuilt. Another reconstruction in 1843 followed flooding in 1841, shaping Kaifeng as it stands today. </p><p>From the 8th to 9th century and up to the 19th century, Kaifeng is known for having the <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_China" title="History of the Jews in China">oldest extant Jewish community in China</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Kaifeng_Jews" title="Kaifeng Jews">Kaifeng Jews</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2016, there are 20 Jews still left in the city.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 6 June 1938, the city was occupied by the invading <a href="/wiki/Japanese_Imperial_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese Imperial Army">Japanese Imperial Army</a>. Kaifeng remained the capital of Henan province until 1954, when it was moved to <a href="/wiki/Zhengzhou" title="Zhengzhou">Zhengzhou</a>. In 1969, the former <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="President of the People's Republic of China">President of the People's Republic of China</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liu_Shaoqi" title="Liu Shaoqi">Liu Shaoqi</a>, died from <a href="/wiki/Medical_neglect" class="mw-redirect" title="Medical neglect">medical neglect</a> while under house arrest in Kaifeng. </p><p>In 1948, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Kaifeng_(1948)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Kaifeng (1948) (page does not exist)">Battle of Kaifeng</a> occurred between Chinese communist forces and Chinese Nationalist forces but ultimately lead to a PLA Victory and the collapse of the Nationalist forces which was part of the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Shangcai" title="Battle of Shangcai">Shengcai Battle</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Climate">Climate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaifeng&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kaifeng has a <a href="/wiki/Monsoon" title="Monsoon">monsoon</a>-influenced <a href="/wiki/Humid_subtropical_climate" title="Humid subtropical climate">humid subtropical climate</a> (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen</a> <i>Cwa</i>) that borders on a humid continental climate, with four distinct seasons. Winters are cool and mostly dry while summers are hot and humid; spring is warm and sees some, but not much rainfall, while autumn weather is crisp and drier. Precipitation mainly occurs from June to September. </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Kaifeng (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1971-present) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF9934; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.2<br />(66.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF6E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.5<br />(77.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF4F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.9<br />(85.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF2500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.0<br />(96.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF1000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">39.1<br />(102.4) </td> <td style="background: #F10000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">42.5<br />(108.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF0600; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">40.6<br />(105.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF1800; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">38.0<br />(100.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF1C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.4<br />(99.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF3200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.1<br />(93.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF6400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.9<br />(80.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF8308; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.4<br />(72.3) </td> <td style="background: #F10000; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">42.5<br />(108.5) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFF8F2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.4<br />(41.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFDDBB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.4<br />(48.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFB46A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.3<br />(59.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF8710; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.8<br />(71.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF6200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.2<br />(81.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF4300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.7<br />(89.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF4100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.0<br />(89.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF4A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.7<br />(87.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF6400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.9<br />(80.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF8913; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.6<br />(70.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFBE7D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.9<br />(57.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFEBD7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.4<br />(45.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF9225; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">20.3<br />(68.5) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #EAEAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.7<br />(33.3) </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.2<br />(39.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFDAB5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.8<br />(49.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFAF5F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.1<br />(61.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF8811; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.7<br />(71.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF6900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.2<br />(79.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF5F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.6<br />(81.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF6800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.3<br />(79.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF870F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.9<br />(71.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFAE5D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.2<br />(61.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFE1C3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.8<br />(47.8) </td> <td style="background: #F5F5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.7<br />(36.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFB56B; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">15.2<br />(59.3) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #D7D7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.9<br />(26.8) </td> <td style="background: #E6E6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(32.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFAF5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.2<br />(41.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFD1A4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.1<br />(52.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFAB58; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.6<br />(61.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF8B17; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.3<br />(70.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF7900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.9<br />(75.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF8002; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.8<br />(73.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFA347; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.8<br />(64.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFCC9A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.8<br />(53.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFFDFC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.7<br />(40.5) </td> <td style="background: #E1E1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.0<br />(30.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFD2A6; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">10.9<br />(51.7) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #9595FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−15.0<br />(5.0) </td> <td style="background: #9A9AFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−14.2<br />(6.4) </td> <td style="background: #BFBFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−7.3<br />(18.9) </td> <td style="background: #DEDEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.6<br />(29.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFFBF8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.0<br />(41.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFD0A1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.3<br />(52.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFB56B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.2<br />(59.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFC388; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.1<br />(55.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFF4EA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.0<br />(42.8) </td> <td style="background: #E5E5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.2<br />(31.6) </td> <td style="background: #A7A7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−11.7<br />(10.9) </td> <td style="background: #9090FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−16.0<br />(3.2) </td> <td style="background: #9090FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−16.0<br />(3.2) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #F2FFF2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.7<br />(0.34) </td> <td style="background: #ECFFEC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.2<br />(0.44) </td> <td style="background: #E2FFE2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.2<br />(0.76) </td> <td style="background: #C3FFC3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">38.6<br />(1.52) </td> <td style="background: #B2FFB2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">51.3<br />(2.02) </td> <td style="background: #9FFF9F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">62.1<br />(2.44) </td> <td style="background: #13FF13; color:#000000;" class="notheme">157.9<br />(6.22) </td> <td style="background: #36FF36; color:#000000;" class="notheme">134.6<br />(5.30) </td> <td style="background: #98FF98; color:#000000;" class="notheme">66.3<br />(2.61) </td> <td style="background: #CFFFCF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.7<br />(1.25) </td> <td style="background: #D8FFD8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.9<br />(0.98) </td> <td style="background: #F1FFF1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.8<br />(0.35) </td> <td style="background: #B1FFB1; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">615.3<br />(24.23) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 0.1 mm)</span> </th> <td style="background: #D5D5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.4 </td> <td style="background: #C6C6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.2 </td> <td style="background: #C6C6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.6 </td> <td style="background: #BBBBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.3 </td> <td style="background: #ADADFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.6 </td> <td style="background: #A4A4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.1 </td> <td style="background: #7C7CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.6 </td> <td style="background: #8888FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.6 </td> <td style="background: #9B9BFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.8 </td> <td style="background: #B8B8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.7 </td> <td style="background: #C1C1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.8 </td> <td style="background: #D9D9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.0 </td> <td style="background: #B2B2FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">72.7 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average snowy days </th> <td style="background: #CDCDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.0 </td> <td style="background: #D5D5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.1 </td> <td style="background: #F0F0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.2 </td> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.2 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #F0F0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.1 </td> <td style="background: #DDDDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.7 </td> <td style="background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">12.3 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #1D1DFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">59 </td> <td style="background: #2121FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">58 </td> <td style="background: #2424FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">57 </td> <td style="background: #1515FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">61 </td> <td style="background: #1515FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">61 </td> <td style="background: #1111FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">62 </td> <td style="background: #0000DF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">75 </td> <td style="background: #0000D7; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">77 </td> <td style="background: #0000EA; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">72 </td> <td style="background: #0606FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">65 </td> <td style="background: #0A0AFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">64 </td> <td style="background: #1515FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">61 </td> <td style="background: #0A0AFF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">64 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #B5B563; color:#000000;" class="notheme">118.7 </td> <td style="background: #C1C11D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">131.3 </td> <td style="background: #CECE00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">172.7 </td> <td style="background: #D9D900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">199.1 </td> <td style="background: #DADA00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">214.4 </td> <td style="background: #D8D800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">195.7 </td> <td style="background: #CBCB00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">167.0 </td> <td style="background: #CACA00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">163.3 </td> <td style="background: #C7C700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">152.4 </td> <td style="background: #C6C600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">155.6 </td> <td style="background: #BFBF29; color:#000000;" class="notheme">135.4 </td> <td style="background: #B8B855; color:#000000;" class="notheme">123.7 </td> <td style="background: #CACA00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1,929.3 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Percent <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">possible sunshine</a> </th> <td style="background: #EAEA02; color:#000000;" class="notheme">38 </td> <td style="background: #F1F112; color:#000000;" class="notheme">42 </td> <td style="background: #F8F822; color:#000000;" class="notheme">46 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF37; color:#000000;" class="notheme">51 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF33; color:#000000;" class="notheme">50 </td> <td style="background: #F6F61E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">45 </td> <td style="background: #EAEA02; color:#000000;" class="notheme">38 </td> <td style="background: #EEEE0A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">40 </td> <td style="background: #EFEF0E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">41 </td> <td style="background: #F6F61E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">45 </td> <td style="background: #F4F41A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">44 </td> <td style="background: #EFEF0E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">41 </td> <td style="background: #F3F316; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">43 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 1: <a href="/wiki/China_Meteorological_Administration" title="China Meteorological Administration">China Meteorological Administration</a><sup id="cite_ref-cma_graphical_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cma_graphical-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 2: Weather China<sup id="cite_ref-Clim_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Clim-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transportation">Transportation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaifeng&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Transportation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Air">Air</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaifeng&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Air"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Downtown Kaifeng is about 55 km (34 mi) away from <a href="/wiki/Zhengzhou_Xinzheng_International_Airport" title="Zhengzhou Xinzheng International Airport">Zhengzhou Xinzheng International Airport</a> (<a href="/wiki/International_Air_Transport_Association_airport_code" class="mw-redirect" title="International Air Transport Association airport code">IATA</a>: <b>CGO</b>, <a href="/wiki/International_Civil_Aviation_Organization_airport_code" class="mw-redirect" title="International Civil Aviation Organization airport code">ICAO</a>: <b>ZHCC</b>), which is the busiest airport in <a href="/wiki/Central_China" title="Central China">central China</a> in terms of both passenger and cargo traffic (2017 statistics).<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>With the completion of <a href="/wiki/Zhengzhou%E2%80%93Kaifeng_intercity_railway" title="Zhengzhou–Kaifeng intercity railway">Zhengzhou–Kaifeng intercity railway</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zhengzhou%E2%80%93Xinzheng_Airport_intercity_railway" title="Zhengzhou–Xinzheng Airport intercity railway">Zhengzhou–Xinzheng Airport intercity railway</a>, fast train connections to <a href="/wiki/Zhengzhou_Xinzheng_International_Airport" title="Zhengzhou Xinzheng International Airport">Zhengzhou Xinzheng International Airport</a> from Kaifeng became available. As of August 2018, there are 12 pairs of intercity trains running between <a href="/wiki/Xinzheng_Airport_railway_station" title="Xinzheng Airport railway station">Xinzheng Airport</a> and <a href="/wiki/Songchenglu_railway_station" title="Songchenglu railway station">Songchenglu</a> every day, with a travel time of 53 min. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rail">Rail</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaifeng&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Rail"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Kaifeng_railway_station" title="Kaifeng railway station">Kaifeng railway station</a> is on the east–west <a href="/wiki/Longhai_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Longhai Railway">Longhai Railway</a> mainline and provides convenient access to many cities around China, including <a href="/wiki/Beijing_West_railway_station" title="Beijing West railway station">Beijing West</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_railway_station" title="Shanghai railway station">Shanghai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Hongqiao_railway_station" title="Shanghai Hongqiao railway station">Shanghai Hongqiao</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tianjin_railway_station" title="Tianjin railway station">Tianjin</a>, Xi'an, Jinan, <a href="/wiki/Hangzhou_railway_station" title="Hangzhou railway station">Hangzhou</a>. Services to <a href="/wiki/Zhengzhou" title="Zhengzhou">Zhengzhou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Luoyang" title="Luoyang">Luoyang</a> and <a href="/wiki/Qingdao" title="Qingdao">Qingdao</a> are also frequent and convenient. Direct long-distance services to <a href="/wiki/Shenzhen_railway_station" title="Shenzhen railway station">Shenzhen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guangzhou_railway_station" title="Guangzhou railway station">Guangzhou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chengdu_railway_station" title="Chengdu railway station">Chengdu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chongqing_North_railway_station" title="Chongqing North railway station">Chongqing North</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harbin_railway_station" title="Harbin railway station">Harbin</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%9Cr%C3%BCmqi_railway_station" title="Ürümqi railway station">Ürümqi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fuzhou_railway_station" title="Fuzhou railway station">Fuzhou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dalian_railway_station" title="Dalian railway station">Dalian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wuhan_railway_station" title="Wuhan railway station">Wuhan</a> are also available. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Zhengzhou%E2%80%93Kaifeng_intercity_railway" title="Zhengzhou–Kaifeng intercity railway">Zhengzhou–Kaifeng intercity railway</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">郑开城际铁路</span></span>) started operation on 28 December 2014,<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> connecting the provincial capital <a href="/wiki/Zhengzhou" title="Zhengzhou">Zhengzhou</a> and Kaifeng. The railway currently terminates at <a href="/wiki/Songchenglu_railway_station" title="Songchenglu railway station">Songchenglu</a>, and is planned to be extended to <a href="/wiki/Kaifeng_railway_station" title="Kaifeng railway station">Kaifeng railway station</a>. The designed top speed is 200 km/h (120 mph). </p><p><a href="/wiki/Kaifeng_North_railway_station" title="Kaifeng North railway station">Kaifeng North railway station</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Xuzhou%E2%80%93Lanzhou_high-speed_railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Xuzhou–Lanzhou high-speed railway">Xuzhou–Lanzhou high-speed railway</a> is the main high-speed railway station of the city. It started operation on 10 September 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Coach">Coach</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaifeng&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Coach"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are 4 main <a href="/wiki/Coach_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Coach station">coach stations</a> in Kaifeng: </p> <ul><li>Kaifeng West Coach Station (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">开封客运西站</span></span>)</li> <li>Kaifeng Long-Distance Coach Station (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">开封长途汽车站</span></span>)</li> <li>Kaifeng Jinming Coach Station (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">开封金明汽车站</span></span>)</li> <li>Kaifeng XiangGuosi Coach Station (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">开封相国寺汽车站</span></span>)</li></ul> <p>There are frequent services to many neighboring counties, other provincial cities and long-distance services to other provinces. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Road_transport">Road transport</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaifeng&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Road transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:China_Expwy_G30_sign_with_name.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/China_Expwy_G30_sign_with_name.svg/20px-China_Expwy_G30_sign_with_name.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/China_Expwy_G30_sign_with_name.svg/30px-China_Expwy_G30_sign_with_name.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/China_Expwy_G30_sign_with_name.svg/40px-China_Expwy_G30_sign_with_name.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="354" data-file-height="340" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/G30_Lianyungang%E2%80%93Khorgas_Expressway" title="G30 Lianyungang–Khorgas Expressway">G30 Lianyungang–Khorgas Expressway</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:China_Expwy_G45_sign_with_name.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/China_Expwy_G45_sign_with_name.svg/20px-China_Expwy_G45_sign_with_name.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/China_Expwy_G45_sign_with_name.svg/30px-China_Expwy_G45_sign_with_name.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/China_Expwy_G45_sign_with_name.svg/40px-China_Expwy_G45_sign_with_name.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="354" data-file-height="340" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/G45_Daqing%E2%80%93Guangzhou_Expressway" title="G45 Daqing–Guangzhou Expressway">G45 Daqing–Guangzhou Expressway</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Henan_Expwy_S82_sign_no_name.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Henan_Expwy_S82_sign_no_name.svg/20px-Henan_Expwy_S82_sign_no_name.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Henan_Expwy_S82_sign_no_name.svg/30px-Henan_Expwy_S82_sign_no_name.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Henan_Expwy_S82_sign_no_name.svg/40px-Henan_Expwy_S82_sign_no_name.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="354" data-file-height="283" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/S82_Zhengzhou%E2%80%93Minquan_Expressway" title="S82 Zhengzhou–Minquan Expressway">S82 Zhengzhou–Minquan Expressway</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Henan_Expwy_S83_sign_no_name.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Henan_Expwy_S83_sign_no_name.svg/20px-Henan_Expwy_S83_sign_no_name.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Henan_Expwy_S83_sign_no_name.svg/30px-Henan_Expwy_S83_sign_no_name.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Henan_Expwy_S83_sign_no_name.svg/40px-Henan_Expwy_S83_sign_no_name.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="354" data-file-height="283" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/S83_Lankao%E2%80%93Nanyang_Expressway" class="mw-redirect" title="S83 Lankao–Nanyang Expressway">S83 Lankao–Nanyang Expressway</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kokudou_106(China).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Kokudou_106%28China%29.svg/25px-Kokudou_106%28China%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Kokudou_106%28China%29.svg/38px-Kokudou_106%28China%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Kokudou_106%28China%29.svg/50px-Kokudou_106%28China%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="135" data-file-height="68" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/China_National_Highway_106" title="China National Highway 106">China National Highway 106</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kokudou_220(China).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Kokudou_220%28China%29.svg/25px-Kokudou_220%28China%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Kokudou_220%28China%29.svg/38px-Kokudou_220%28China%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Kokudou_220%28China%29.svg/50px-Kokudou_220%28China%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="135" data-file-height="68" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/China_National_Highway_220" title="China National Highway 220">China National Highway 220</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kokudou_310(China).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Kokudou_310%28China%29.svg/25px-Kokudou_310%28China%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Kokudou_310%28China%29.svg/38px-Kokudou_310%28China%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Kokudou_310%28China%29.svg/50px-Kokudou_310%28China%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="135" data-file-height="68" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/China_National_Highway_310" title="China National Highway 310">China National Highway 310</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaifeng&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaifeng&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kaifeng_east_mosque.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Kaifeng_east_mosque.jpg/220px-Kaifeng_east_mosque.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Kaifeng_east_mosque.jpg/330px-Kaifeng_east_mosque.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Kaifeng_east_mosque.jpg/440px-Kaifeng_east_mosque.jpg 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="360" /></a><figcaption>One of Kaifeng's many <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_mosques" title="Women's mosques">women's mosques</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cathedral_in_Kaifeng_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Cathedral_in_Kaifeng_01.jpg/220px-Cathedral_in_Kaifeng_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Cathedral_in_Kaifeng_01.jpg/330px-Cathedral_in_Kaifeng_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Cathedral_in_Kaifeng_01.jpg/440px-Cathedral_in_Kaifeng_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4896" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption>Sacred Heart Cathedral, Kaifeng</figcaption></figure> <p>Kaifeng is known for having the oldest extant Jewish community in China, the <a href="/wiki/Kaifeng_Jews" title="Kaifeng Jews">Kaifeng Jews</a>. </p><p>It also has a significant <a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslim</a> enclave and is notable for its many <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_mosques" title="Women's mosques">women's mosques</a> (<i>nǚsì</i>), including the oldest <i>nǚsì</i> in China: Wangjia Hutong Women's Mosque, which dates to 1820.<sup id="cite_ref-npr_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-npr-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are also some active Christian churches, including the <a href="/wiki/Sacred_Heart_Cathedral,_Kaifeng" title="Sacred Heart Cathedral, Kaifeng">Sacred Heart Cathedral</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">开封耶稣圣心主教座堂</span></span>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cuisine">Cuisine</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaifeng&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Cuisine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Steamed_soup_buns_of_Kaifeng.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Steamed_soup_buns_of_Kaifeng.jpg/220px-Steamed_soup_buns_of_Kaifeng.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Steamed_soup_buns_of_Kaifeng.jpg/330px-Steamed_soup_buns_of_Kaifeng.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Steamed_soup_buns_of_Kaifeng.jpg/440px-Steamed_soup_buns_of_Kaifeng.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption>Kaifeng-style <a href="/wiki/Xiaolongbao" title="Xiaolongbao">Xiaolongbao</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Kaifeng cuisine plays a dominant part in forming <a href="/wiki/Henan_cuisine" title="Henan cuisine">Henan cuisine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kaifeng offers a wide range of food specialties such as steamed pie and dumplings. Particularly famous is Kaifeng's five-spice bread (<i>wǔxiāng shāobǐng</i>), which, like <a href="/wiki/Pita" title="Pita">pita</a>, can be opened and filled. In the evening, Kaifeng's streets turn into restaurants while hundreds open their stands and begin selling their food in the famous <a href="/wiki/Night_market" title="Night market">night market</a>. People from nearby <a href="/wiki/Zhengzhou" title="Zhengzhou">Zhengzhou</a> often come to Kaifeng to visit family members and to enjoy the atmosphere. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Ma_Yu_Ching%27s_Bucket_Chicken_House" class="mw-redirect" title="Ma Yu Ching's Bucket Chicken House">Ma Yu Ching's Bucket Chicken House</a> (<span lang="zh-Hans">马豫兴桶子鸡;</span>; <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Mǎ Yùxīng Tǒngzi Jī</span></i>), located in Kaifeng, is by some accounts the world's oldest restaurant. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chrysanthemums">Chrysanthemums</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaifeng&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Chrysanthemums"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Chrysanthemum" title="Chrysanthemum">chrysanthemum</a> is the city flower of Kaifeng. The tradition of cultivating varieties of chrysanthemums extends back 1600 years, and the scale of cultivation reached its height during the Song dynasty until its loss to the <a href="/wiki/Jin_dynasty_(1115%E2%80%931234)" title="Jin dynasty (1115–1234)">Jürchens</a> in 1126. </p><p>The city has held the Kaifeng Chrysanthemum Cultural Festival since 1983 (renamed China Kaifeng Chrysanthemum Cultural Festival in 1994). The festival has since taken place between 18 October and 18 November of every year. </p><p>The festival reached another milestone on 18 October 2012, when it celebrated its 30th birthday.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The opening ceremony was broadcast live during the evening prime slot on <a href="/wiki/Henan_Television" title="Henan Television">Henan Television</a> (HNTV), which broadcasts to all Chinese cities at or above the <a href="/wiki/Prefecture-level_city" title="Prefecture-level city">prefecture level</a>. </p><p>During the festival, hundreds of chrysanthemums breeds are on show at festival venues, and the flower becomes a common features around the city. Kaifeng has been dubbed the "city of chrysanthemums". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sporting_events">Sporting events</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaifeng&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Sporting events"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Zheng-Kai_International_Marathon">Zheng-Kai International Marathon</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaifeng&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Zheng-Kai International Marathon"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/w/index.php?title=China_Zheng-Kai_International_Marathon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="China Zheng-Kai International Marathon (page does not exist)">China Zheng-Kai International Marathon</a> <span class="noprint metadata ill"><small>[<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q18110465" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q18110465">Wikidata</a>]</small></span> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">中国郑开国际马拉松赛</span></span>, <i>Zheng-Kai</i> stands for "<a href="/wiki/Zhengzhou" title="Zhengzhou">Zhengzhou</a>-Kaifeng", also abbreviated "ZK") is a sporting event hosted jointly by the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Athletic_Association" title="Chinese Athletic Association">Chinese Athletic Association</a>, the general sport administration of Henan province, Zhengzhou municipal government, and the Kaifeng municipal government. It is the premier international sports competition in Henan province and one of the biggest sports competitions in the Central-West of China. ZK International Marathon is held at the end of March or beginning of April each year. The main part of the event occurs along the famous Zhengkai Express Way (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">郑开大道</span></span>). At its launch in 2007, 5600 athletes competed. By 2012, almost 25000 athletes from 28 countries and regions have participated in the ZK International Marathon. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Military">Military</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaifeng&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Military"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kaifeng is the headquarters of the <a href="/wiki/20th_Army_(People%27s_Republic_of_China)" class="mw-redirect" title="20th Army (People's Republic of China)">20th Group Army</a> of the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army" title="People's Liberation Army">People's Liberation Army</a>, one of three group armies that compose the <a href="/wiki/Jinan_Military_Region" title="Jinan Military Region">Jinan Military Region</a> responsible for the defense of the <a href="/wiki/Yellow_River_Plain" class="mw-redirect" title="Yellow River Plain">Yellow River Plain</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Kaifeng_Air_Base" title="Kaifeng Air Base">Kaifeng Air Base</a> is a military airfield in the southern suburb of Kaifeng City. It does not provide civilian aviation service. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaifeng&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1248256098">@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{width:100%!important}}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{display:table}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-default{background:transparent;margin-top:4px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-center{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-none{float:none}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-collapsible{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div{display:table-cell;padding:0 4px 4px;text-align:center;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main>div{display:table-cell}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallery{line-height:1.35em}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div{display:table-cell;padding:4px;text-align:right;font-size:85%;line-height:1em}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div *,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div *{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallerybox img{background:none!important}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .bordered-images .thumb img{border:solid var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0)1px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb{background:var(--background-color-base,#fff)!important}</style><div class="mod-gallery mod-gallery-default mod-gallery-center"><div class="main"><div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional nochecker bordered-images whitebg"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Iron_Pagoda_d.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="The Iron Pagoda"><img alt="The Iron Pagoda" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Iron_Pagoda_d.JPG/135px-Iron_Pagoda_d.JPG" decoding="async" width="135" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Iron_Pagoda_d.JPG/202px-Iron_Pagoda_d.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Iron_Pagoda_d.JPG/270px-Iron_Pagoda_d.JPG 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="640" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/Iron_Pagoda" title="Iron Pagoda">Iron Pagoda</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Small_Bridge_at_Qingming_Riverside_Landscape_Garden,_Kaifeng,_China.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Qingming Riverside Landscape Garden"><img alt="Qingming Riverside Landscape Garden" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Small_Bridge_at_Qingming_Riverside_Landscape_Garden%2C_Kaifeng%2C_China.jpg/180px-Small_Bridge_at_Qingming_Riverside_Landscape_Garden%2C_Kaifeng%2C_China.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Small_Bridge_at_Qingming_Riverside_Landscape_Garden%2C_Kaifeng%2C_China.jpg/270px-Small_Bridge_at_Qingming_Riverside_Landscape_Garden%2C_Kaifeng%2C_China.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Small_Bridge_at_Qingming_Riverside_Landscape_Garden%2C_Kaifeng%2C_China.jpg/360px-Small_Bridge_at_Qingming_Riverside_Landscape_Garden%2C_Kaifeng%2C_China.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2020" data-file-height="1486" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Qingming Riverside Landscape Garden</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dragon_Pavilion_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Entrance to the Dragon Pavilion"><img alt="Entrance to the Dragon Pavilion" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Dragon_Pavilion_3.jpg/180px-Dragon_Pavilion_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Dragon_Pavilion_3.jpg/270px-Dragon_Pavilion_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Dragon_Pavilion_3.jpg/360px-Dragon_Pavilion_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Entrance to the <a href="/wiki/Dragon_Pavilion" title="Dragon Pavilion">Dragon Pavilion</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E5%A4%A7%E6%A2%81%E9%97%A8%E5%A4%9C%E6%99%AF.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Reconstructed city gate (inner) of Bianjing"><img alt="Reconstructed city gate (inner) of Bianjing" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/%E5%A4%A7%E6%A2%81%E9%97%A8%E5%A4%9C%E6%99%AF.jpg/180px-%E5%A4%A7%E6%A2%81%E9%97%A8%E5%A4%9C%E6%99%AF.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/%E5%A4%A7%E6%A2%81%E9%97%A8%E5%A4%9C%E6%99%AF.jpg/270px-%E5%A4%A7%E6%A2%81%E9%97%A8%E5%A4%9C%E6%99%AF.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/%E5%A4%A7%E6%A2%81%E9%97%A8%E5%A4%9C%E6%99%AF.jpg/360px-%E5%A4%A7%E6%A2%81%E9%97%A8%E5%A4%9C%E6%99%AF.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Reconstructed city gate (inner) of Bianjing</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E5%A4%A7%E7%9B%B8%E5%9B%BD%E5%AF%BA%E9%BC%93%E6%A5%BC.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Daxiangguo Temple's drum tower"><img alt="Daxiangguo Temple's drum tower" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/%E5%A4%A7%E7%9B%B8%E5%9B%BD%E5%AF%BA%E9%BC%93%E6%A5%BC.jpg/180px-%E5%A4%A7%E7%9B%B8%E5%9B%BD%E5%AF%BA%E9%BC%93%E6%A5%BC.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/%E5%A4%A7%E7%9B%B8%E5%9B%BD%E5%AF%BA%E9%BC%93%E6%A5%BC.jpg/270px-%E5%A4%A7%E7%9B%B8%E5%9B%BD%E5%AF%BA%E9%BC%93%E6%A5%BC.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/%E5%A4%A7%E7%9B%B8%E5%9B%BD%E5%AF%BA%E9%BC%93%E6%A5%BC.jpg/360px-%E5%A4%A7%E7%9B%B8%E5%9B%BD%E5%AF%BA%E9%BC%93%E6%A5%BC.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1500" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Daxiangguo Temple's <a href="/wiki/Drum_tower_(Asia)" title="Drum tower (Asia)">drum tower</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E8%8F%8A%E8%8A%B1%E4%B8%8E%E6%B2%B3%E5%8D%97%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E5%A4%A7%E7%A4%BC%E5%A0%82.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Henan University"><img alt="Henan University" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/%E8%8F%8A%E8%8A%B1%E4%B8%8E%E6%B2%B3%E5%8D%97%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E5%A4%A7%E7%A4%BC%E5%A0%82.jpg/135px-%E8%8F%8A%E8%8A%B1%E4%B8%8E%E6%B2%B3%E5%8D%97%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E5%A4%A7%E7%A4%BC%E5%A0%82.jpg" decoding="async" width="135" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/%E8%8F%8A%E8%8A%B1%E4%B8%8E%E6%B2%B3%E5%8D%97%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E5%A4%A7%E7%A4%BC%E5%A0%82.jpg/202px-%E8%8F%8A%E8%8A%B1%E4%B8%8E%E6%B2%B3%E5%8D%97%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E5%A4%A7%E7%A4%BC%E5%A0%82.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/%E8%8F%8A%E8%8A%B1%E4%B8%8E%E6%B2%B3%E5%8D%97%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E5%A4%A7%E7%A4%BC%E5%A0%82.jpg/270px-%E8%8F%8A%E8%8A%B1%E4%B8%8E%E6%B2%B3%E5%8D%97%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E5%A4%A7%E7%A4%BC%E5%A0%82.jpg 2x" data-file-width="412" data-file-height="550" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Henan_University" title="Henan University">Henan University</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Daliang_City_Gate.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Daliang City Gate"><img alt="Daliang City Gate" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Daliang_City_Gate.jpg/180px-Daliang_City_Gate.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Daliang_City_Gate.jpg/270px-Daliang_City_Gate.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Daliang_City_Gate.jpg/360px-Daliang_City_Gate.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1936" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Daliang City Gate</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E5%BC%80%E5%B0%81%E5%AE%8B%E9%83%BD%E5%BE%A1%E8%A1%97_123.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Imperial Street of the Song dynasty"><img alt="Imperial Street of the Song dynasty" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/%E5%BC%80%E5%B0%81%E5%AE%8B%E9%83%BD%E5%BE%A1%E8%A1%97_123.jpg/180px-%E5%BC%80%E5%B0%81%E5%AE%8B%E9%83%BD%E5%BE%A1%E8%A1%97_123.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/%E5%BC%80%E5%B0%81%E5%AE%8B%E9%83%BD%E5%BE%A1%E8%A1%97_123.jpg/270px-%E5%BC%80%E5%B0%81%E5%AE%8B%E9%83%BD%E5%BE%A1%E8%A1%97_123.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/%E5%BC%80%E5%B0%81%E5%AE%8B%E9%83%BD%E5%BE%A1%E8%A1%97_123.jpg/360px-%E5%BC%80%E5%B0%81%E5%AE%8B%E9%83%BD%E5%BE%A1%E8%A1%97_123.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1936" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Imperial Street of the Song dynasty</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E5%BC%80%E5%B0%81%E5%AE%8B%E9%83%BD%E5%BE%A1%E8%A1%97_122.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Imperial Street of the Song dynasty"><img alt="Imperial Street of the Song dynasty" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/%E5%BC%80%E5%B0%81%E5%AE%8B%E9%83%BD%E5%BE%A1%E8%A1%97_122.jpg/180px-%E5%BC%80%E5%B0%81%E5%AE%8B%E9%83%BD%E5%BE%A1%E8%A1%97_122.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/%E5%BC%80%E5%B0%81%E5%AE%8B%E9%83%BD%E5%BE%A1%E8%A1%97_122.jpg/270px-%E5%BC%80%E5%B0%81%E5%AE%8B%E9%83%BD%E5%BE%A1%E8%A1%97_122.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/%E5%BC%80%E5%B0%81%E5%AE%8B%E9%83%BD%E5%BE%A1%E8%A1%97_122.jpg/360px-%E5%BC%80%E5%B0%81%E5%AE%8B%E9%83%BD%E5%BE%A1%E8%A1%97_122.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1936" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Imperial Street of the Song dynasty</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E5%BC%80%E5%B0%81%E5%AE%8B%E9%83%BD%E5%BE%A1%E8%A1%97_121.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Imperial Street of the Song dynasty"><img alt="Imperial Street of the Song dynasty" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/%E5%BC%80%E5%B0%81%E5%AE%8B%E9%83%BD%E5%BE%A1%E8%A1%97_121.jpg/180px-%E5%BC%80%E5%B0%81%E5%AE%8B%E9%83%BD%E5%BE%A1%E8%A1%97_121.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/%E5%BC%80%E5%B0%81%E5%AE%8B%E9%83%BD%E5%BE%A1%E8%A1%97_121.jpg/270px-%E5%BC%80%E5%B0%81%E5%AE%8B%E9%83%BD%E5%BE%A1%E8%A1%97_121.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/%E5%BC%80%E5%B0%81%E5%AE%8B%E9%83%BD%E5%BE%A1%E8%A1%97_121.jpg/360px-%E5%BC%80%E5%B0%81%E5%AE%8B%E9%83%BD%E5%BE%A1%E8%A1%97_121.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1936" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Imperial Street of the Song dynasty</div> </li> </ul></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Twin_towns_–_sister_cities"><span id="Twin_towns_.E2.80.93_sister_cities"></span>Twin towns – sister cities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaifeng&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Twin towns – sister cities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_China" title="List of twin towns and sister cities in China">List of twin towns and sister cities in China</a></div> <p>Kaifeng is <a href="/wiki/Sister_city" title="Sister city">twinned</a> with:<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel"><img alt="Israel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kiryat_Motzkin" title="Kiryat Motzkin">Kiryat Motzkin</a>, Israel</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><img alt="Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Omsk" title="Omsk">Omsk</a>, Russia</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan"><img alt="Japan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Toda,_Saitama" title="Toda, Saitama">Toda</a>, Japan</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Wichita,_Kansas" title="Wichita, Kansas">Wichita</a>, United States</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia"><img alt="Australia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Wingecarribee_Shire" title="Wingecarribee Shire">Wingecarribee</a>, Australia</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea"><img alt="South Korea" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Yeongcheon" title="Yeongcheon">Yeongcheon</a>, South Korea</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Colleges_and_universities">Colleges and universities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaifeng&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Colleges and universities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kaifeng is also a major city for scientific research, appearing among the world's top 200 <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_by_scientific_output" title="List of cities by scientific output">cities</a> as tracked by the <a href="/wiki/Nature_Index" title="Nature Index">Nature Index</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city is home to a campus of <a href="/wiki/Henan_University" title="Henan University">Henan University</a>, one of the national key universities in the <a href="/wiki/Double_First-Class_Construction" title="Double First-Class Construction">Double First-Class Construction</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Public">Public</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaifeng&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Public"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henan_University" title="Henan University">Henan University</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">河南大学</span></span>) (founded 1912)</li> <li>Kaifeng University (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">开封大学</span></span>) (founded 1980)</li> <li>Kaifeng Institute of Education (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">开封教育学院</span></span>)</li> <li>Yellow River Conservancy Technical Institute (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">黄河水利职业技术学院</span></span>) (founded 1929)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaifeng&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Historical_capitals_of_China" title="Historical capitals of China">Historical capitals of China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1642_Yellow_River_flood" title="1642 Yellow River flood">1642 Yellow River flood</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaifeng&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px 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.cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hongheiku.com/xianjirank/"><bdi lang="zh">最新人口信息 www.hongheiku.com</bdi></a> (in Chinese). hongheiku. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210115054234/https://www.hongheiku.com/xianjirank">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-01-15<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Routledge. pp. 52–54. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-203-96929-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-203-96929-8"><bdi>978-0-203-96929-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=War%2C+Politics+and+Society+in+Early+Modern+China%2C+900%E2%80%931795&rft.pages=52-54&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-203-96929-8&rft.aulast=Lorge&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKaifeng" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.upkorea.net/news/photo/7345-2-7037.pdf">"The Eastern Manchurian Woodsmen Replacing the Western Manchurian Nomads"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070705112718/http://www.upkorea.net/news/photo/7345-2-7037.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2007-07-05<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 6,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Eastern+Manchurian+Woodsmen+Replacing+the+Western+Manchurian+Nomads&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.upkorea.net%2Fnews%2Fphoto%2F7345-2-7037.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKaifeng" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarter2022" class="citation web cs1">Carter, James (2022-04-06). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thechinaproject.com/2022/04/06/a-mongol-siege-the-black-death-and-the-end-of-two-dynasties/">"A Mongol siege, the Black Death, and the end of two dynasties"</a>. <i>The China Project</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-09-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+China+Project&rft.atitle=A+Mongol+siege%2C+the+Black+Death%2C+and+the+end+of+two+dynasties&rft.date=2022-04-06&rft.aulast=Carter&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthechinaproject.com%2F2022%2F04%2F06%2Fa-mongol-siege-the-black-death-and-the-end-of-two-dynasties%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKaifeng" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-liezhuan2-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-liezhuan2_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">"列傳第二后妃下 (Biographies 2, Imperial wives and concubines [lower volume])". <i>金史</i> [<i>History of Jin</i>] (in Chinese). 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-09-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.timesofisrael.com&rft.atitle=5+Chinese+women+immigrate+to+Israel%2C+plan+conversion&rft.au=JTA+and+Stuart+Winer&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesofisrael.com%2F5-chinese-women-immigrate-to-israel-plan-conversion%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKaifeng" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cma_graphical-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cma_graphical_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.cma.cn/data/weatherBk.html"><bdi lang="zh">中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data</bdi></a> (in Simplified Chinese). <a href="/wiki/China_Meteorological_Administration" title="China Meteorological Administration">China Meteorological Administration</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-04-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NPR&rft.atitle=NPR&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2010%2F07%2F21%2F128628514%2Ffemale-imams-blaze-trail-amid-chinas-muslims&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKaifeng" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140129030055/http://newpaper.dahe.cn/hnrbncb/html/2009-03/31/content_163891.htm"><bdi lang="zh">豫菜成大器任重而道远</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://newpaper.dahe.cn/hnrbncb/html/2009-03/31/content_163891.htm">the original</a> on January 29, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 28,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E8%B1%AB%E8%8F%9C%E6%88%90%E5%A4%A7%E5%99%A8+%E4%BB%BB%E9%87%8D%E8%80%8C%E9%81%93%E8%BF%9C&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnewpaper.dahe.cn%2Fhnrbncb%2Fhtml%2F2009-03%2F31%2Fcontent_163891.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKaifeng" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kf.cn/special/jhwhj/">"China Kaifeng Chrysanthemum Cultural Festival"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121020070847/http://www.kf.cn/special/jhwhj/">Archived</a> from the original on October 20, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 28,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=China+Kaifeng+Chrysanthemum+Cultural+Festival&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kf.cn%2Fspecial%2Fjhwhj%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKaifeng" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jan.ekaifeng.gov.cn/japyhds/">"友好都市"</a>. <i>ekaifeng.gov.cn</i> (in Chinese). Kaifeng. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210624083404/http://jan.ekaifeng.gov.cn/japyhds/">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-06-24<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-07-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ekaifeng.gov.cn&rft.atitle=%E5%8F%8B%E5%A5%BD%E9%83%BD%E5%B8%82&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjan.ekaifeng.gov.cn%2Fjapyhds%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKaifeng" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaifeng&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCotterell,_Arthur.2007" class="citation book cs1">Cotterell, Arthur. (2007). <i>The Imperial Capitals of China: An Inside View of the Celestial Empire</i>. London: Pimlico. pp. 304 pages. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84595-009-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84595-009-5"><bdi>978-1-84595-009-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Imperial+Capitals+of+China%3A+An+Inside+View+of+the+Celestial+Empire&rft.place=London&rft.pages=304+pages&rft.pub=Pimlico&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-84595-009-5&rft.au=Cotterell%2C+Arthur.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKaifeng" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><i>The Origin of the Kaifeng Jews</i>, in S. Shaked, ed., <i>Irano-Judaica</i>, Jerusalem, 1982, pp. 101–11</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaifeng&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output 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ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Kaifeng" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Kaifeng">Kaifeng</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Kaifeng" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Kaifeng">Kaifeng</a></b></i>, <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/K%27ai-feng" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:K'ai-feng">K'ai-feng</a></b></i>, <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Caifung" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Caifung">Caifung</a></b></i>, or <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Caifum" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Caifum">Caifum</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/80px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikivoyage has a travel guide for <i><b><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Kaifeng#Q208471" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Kaifeng">Kaifeng</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kaifeng.gov.cn">Government website of Kaifeng</a> (in Simplified Chinese)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kf.cn">Kaifeng City Portal</a> (in Simplified Chinese)</li> <li>Notes on <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://collections.dartmouth.edu/teitexts/tenney/diplomatic/ms794-006-diplomatic.html">the Jewish colony at Kaifeng</a> from the Papers of Charles Daniel Tenney</li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Chang%27an" title="Chang'an">Chang'an</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Historical_capitals_of_China" title="Historical capitals of China">Capital of China</a> (as Kaifeng) </b><br />960−1127 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Hangzhou" title="Hangzhou">Lin'an</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist 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Republic of China">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_China_Plain" title="North China Plain">North China Plain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taihang_Mountains" title="Taihang Mountains">Taihang Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loess_Plateau" title="Loess Plateau">Loess Plateau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dabie_Mountains" title="Dabie Mountains">Dabie Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_River" title="Yellow River">Yellow River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanyang_Basin" title="Nanyang Basin">Nanyang Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huai_River" title="Huai River">Huai River</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_and_colleges_in_Henan" title="List of universities and colleges in Henan">Education</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henan_University" title="Henan University">Henan University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henan_Normal_University" title="Henan Normal University">Henan Normal University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henan_University_of_Technology" title="Henan University of Technology">Henan University of Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henan_Agricultural_University" title="Henan Agricultural University">Henan Agricultural University</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Henan#Culture" title="Henan">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:#F4F0EC"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zhongyuan_culture" title="Zhongyuan culture">Zhongyuan culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhongyuan_Mandarin" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhongyuan Mandarin">Zhongyuan Mandarin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henan_opera" title="Henan opera">Henan opera</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Henan_cuisine" title="Henan cuisine">Cuisine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xinyang" title="Xinyang">Xinyang brewed vegetables</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_Banquet" title="Water Banquet">Water Banquet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hui_mian" title="Hui mian">Hui mian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hulatang" title="Hulatang">Hulatang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Visitor attractions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:#F4F0EC"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gaocheng_Astronomical_Observatory" title="Gaocheng Astronomical Observatory">Gaocheng Astronomical Observatory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Song" title="Mount Song">Mount Song</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaolin_Temple" class="mw-redirect" title="Shaolin Temple">Shaolin Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longmen_Grottoes" title="Longmen Grottoes">Longmen Grottoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Songyue_Pagoda" title="Songyue Pagoda">Songyue Pagoda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Youguo_Temple" title="Youguo Temple">Youguo Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Horse_Temple" title="White Horse Temple">White Horse Temple</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Henan" title="Category:Henan">Category</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Henan" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Henan">Commons</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="County-level_divisions_of_Henan_Province" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Henan" title="Template:Henan"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Henan" title="Template talk:Henan"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Henan" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Henan"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="County-level_divisions_of_Henan_Province" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_administrative_divisions_of_Henan" title="List of administrative divisions of Henan">County-level divisions</a> of <a href="/wiki/Henan" title="Henan">Henan</a> <a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_China" title="Provinces of China">Province</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Zhengzhou" title="Zhengzhou">Zhengzhou</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/List_of_current_and_former_capitals_of_subnational_entities_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="List of current and former capitals of subnational entities of China">capital</a>)</small></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Prefecture-level_city" title="Prefecture-level city">Prefecture-level cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Zhengzhou" title="Zhengzhou">Zhengzhou</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zhongyuan_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhongyuan District">Zhongyuan District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erqi_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Erqi District">Erqi District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guancheng_Hui_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Guancheng Hui District">Guancheng Hui District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinshui_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Jinshui District">Jinshui District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shangjie_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Shangjie District">Shangjie District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huiji_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Huiji District">Huiji District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinzheng" title="Xinzheng">Xinzheng</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dengfeng" title="Dengfeng">Dengfeng</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinmi" title="Xinmi">Xinmi</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gongyi" title="Gongyi">Gongyi</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xingyang" title="Xingyang">Xingyang</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhongmu_County" title="Zhongmu County">Zhongmu County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kaifeng</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gulou_District,_Kaifeng" class="mw-redirect" title="Gulou District, Kaifeng">Gulou District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longting_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Longting District">Longting District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shunhe_Hui_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Shunhe Hui District">Shunhe Hui District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuwangtai_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Yuwangtai District">Yuwangtai District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiangfu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Xiangfu District">Xiangfu District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qi_County,_Kaifeng" title="Qi County, Kaifeng">Qi County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongxu_County" title="Tongxu County">Tongxu County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weishi_County" title="Weishi County">Weishi County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lankao_County" title="Lankao County">Lankao County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Luoyang" title="Luoyang">Luoyang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xigong_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Xigong District">Xigong District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laocheng_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Laocheng District">Laocheng District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chanhe_Hui_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Chanhe Hui District">Chanhe Hui District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jianxi_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Jianxi District">Jianxi District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jili_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Jili District">Jili District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luolong_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Luolong District">Luolong District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yanshi_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Yanshi District">Yanshi District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mengjin_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Mengjin District">Mengjin District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xin%27an_County" title="Xin'an County">Xin'an County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luanchuan_County" title="Luanchuan County">Luanchuan County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Song_County" title="Song County">Song County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruyang_County" title="Ruyang County">Ruyang County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yiyang_County,_Henan" title="Yiyang County, Henan">Yiyang County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luoning_County" title="Luoning County">Luoning County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yichuan_County,_Henan" title="Yichuan County, Henan">Yichuan County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pingdingshan" title="Pingdingshan">Pingdingshan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xinhua_District,_Pingdingshan" class="mw-redirect" title="Xinhua District, Pingdingshan">Xinhua District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weidong_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Weidong District">Weidong District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhanhe_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhanhe District">Zhanhe District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shilong_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Shilong District">Shilong District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wugang,_Henan" title="Wugang, Henan">Wugang</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruzhou" title="Ruzhou">Ruzhou</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baofeng_County" title="Baofeng County">Baofeng County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ye_County" title="Ye County">Ye County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lushan_County,_Henan" title="Lushan County, Henan">Lushan County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jia_County,_Henan" title="Jia County, Henan">Jia County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anyang" title="Anyang">Anyang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beiguan_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Beiguan District">Beiguan District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wenfeng_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Wenfeng District">Wenfeng District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yindu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Yindu District">Yindu District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long%27an_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Long'an District">Long'an District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linzhou,_Henan" title="Linzhou, Henan">Linzhou</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anyang_County" title="Anyang County">Anyang County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangyin_County" title="Tangyin County">Tangyin County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hua_County" title="Hua County">Hua County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neihuang_County" title="Neihuang County">Neihuang County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hebi" title="Hebi">Hebi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qibin_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Qibin District">Qibin District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shancheng_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Shancheng District">Shancheng District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heshan_District,_Hebi" class="mw-redirect" title="Heshan District, Hebi">Heshan District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xun_County" title="Xun County">Xun County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qi_County,_Hebi" title="Qi County, Hebi">Qi County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Xinxiang" title="Xinxiang">Xinxiang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Weibin_District,_Xinxiang" class="mw-redirect" title="Weibin District, Xinxiang">Weibin District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hongqi_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Hongqi District">Hongqi District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fengquan_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Fengquan District">Fengquan District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muye_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Muye District">Muye District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weihui" title="Weihui">Weihui</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huixian" title="Huixian">Huixian</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changyuan" title="Changyuan">Changyuan</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinxiang_County" title="Xinxiang County">Xinxiang County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huojia_County" title="Huojia County">Huojia County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuanyang_County,_Henan" title="Yuanyang County, Henan">Yuanyang County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yanjin_County,_Henan" title="Yanjin County, Henan">Yanjin County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fengqiu_County" title="Fengqiu County">Fengqiu County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jiaozuo" title="Jiaozuo">Jiaozuo</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jiefang_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Jiefang District">Jiefang District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanyang_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Shanyang District">Shanyang District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhongzhan_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhongzhan District">Zhongzhan District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macun_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Macun District">Macun District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mengzhou" title="Mengzhou">Mengzhou</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qinyang" title="Qinyang">Qinyang</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiuwu_County" title="Xiuwu County">Xiuwu County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bo%27ai_County" title="Bo'ai County">Bo'ai County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuzhi_County" title="Wuzhi County">Wuzhi County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wen_County,_Henan" title="Wen County, Henan">Wen County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Puyang" title="Puyang">Puyang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hualong_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Hualong District">Hualong District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingfeng_County" title="Qingfeng County">Qingfeng County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanle_County" title="Nanle County">Nanle County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fan_County" title="Fan County">Fan County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiqian_County" title="Taiqian County">Taiqian County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puyang_County" title="Puyang County">Puyang County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Xuchang" title="Xuchang">Xuchang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Weidu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Weidu District">Weidu District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jian%27an_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Jian'an District">Jian'an District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuzhou,_Henan" title="Yuzhou, Henan">Yuzhou</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changge" title="Changge">Changge</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yanling_County,_Henan" title="Yanling County, Henan">Yanling County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiangcheng_County,_Henan" title="Xiangcheng County, Henan">Xiangcheng County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Luohe" title="Luohe">Luohe</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yuanhui_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Yuanhui District">Yuanhui District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yancheng_District,_Luohe" class="mw-redirect" title="Yancheng District, Luohe">Yancheng District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaoling_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Shaoling District">Shaoling District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuyang_County" title="Wuyang County">Wuyang County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linying_County" title="Linying County">Linying County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sanmenxia" title="Sanmenxia">Sanmenxia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hubin_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Hubin District">Hubin District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanzhou_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Shanzhou District">Shanzhou District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yima,_Henan" title="Yima, Henan">Yima</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lingbao_City" title="Lingbao City">Lingbao</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mianchi_County" title="Mianchi County">Mianchi County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lushi_County" title="Lushi County">Lushi County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nanyang,_Henan" title="Nanyang, Henan">Nanyang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wolong_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Wolong District">Wolong District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wancheng_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Wancheng District">Wancheng District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dengzhou" title="Dengzhou">Dengzhou</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanzhao_County" title="Nanzhao County">Nanzhao County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fangcheng_County" title="Fangcheng County">Fangcheng County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xixia_County" title="Xixia County">Xixia County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhenping_County,_Henan" title="Zhenping County, Henan">Zhenping County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neixiang_County" title="Neixiang County">Neixiang County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xichuan_County" title="Xichuan County">Xichuan County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheqi_County" title="Sheqi County">Sheqi County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanghe_County" title="Tanghe County">Tanghe County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinye_County" title="Xinye County">Xinye County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongbai_County" title="Tongbai County">Tongbai County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shangqiu" title="Shangqiu">Shangqiu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liangyuan_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Liangyuan District">Liangyuan District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suiyang_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Suiyang District">Suiyang District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yongcheng" title="Yongcheng">Yongcheng</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yucheng_County" title="Yucheng County">Yucheng County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minquan_County" title="Minquan County">Minquan County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ningling_County" title="Ningling County">Ningling County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sui_County,_Henan" title="Sui County, Henan">Sui County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiayi_County" title="Xiayi County">Xiayi County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhecheng_County" title="Zhecheng County">Zhecheng County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Xinyang" title="Xinyang">Xinyang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shihe_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Shihe District">Shihe District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pingqiao_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Pingqiao District">Pingqiao District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xi_County,_Henan" title="Xi County, Henan">Xi County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huaibin_County" title="Huaibin County">Huaibin County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huangchuan_County" title="Huangchuan County">Huangchuan County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangshan_County" title="Guangshan County">Guangshan County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gushi_County" title="Gushi County">Gushi County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shangcheng_County" title="Shangcheng County">Shangcheng County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luoshan_County" title="Luoshan County">Luoshan County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xin_County" title="Xin County">Xin County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Zhoukou" title="Zhoukou">Zhoukou</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chuanhui_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Chuanhui District">Chuanhui District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huaiyang_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Huaiyang District">Huaiyang District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiangcheng_City" title="Xiangcheng City">Xiangcheng</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fugou_County" title="Fugou County">Fugou County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xihua_County" title="Xihua County">Xihua County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shangshui_County" title="Shangshui County">Shangshui County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taikang_County" title="Taikang County">Taikang County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luyi_County" title="Luyi County">Luyi County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dancheng_County" title="Dancheng County">Dancheng County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenqiu_County" title="Shenqiu County">Shenqiu County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Zhumadian" title="Zhumadian">Zhumadian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yicheng_District,_Zhumadian" class="mw-redirect" title="Yicheng District, Zhumadian">Yicheng District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queshan_County" title="Queshan County">Queshan County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biyang_County" title="Biyang County">Biyang County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suiping_County" title="Suiping County">Suiping County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiping_County" title="Xiping County">Xiping County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shangcai_County" title="Shangcai County">Shangcai County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Runan_County" title="Runan County">Runan County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pingyu_County" title="Pingyu County">Pingyu County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xincai_County" title="Xincai County">Xincai County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhengyang_County" title="Zhengyang County">Zhengyang County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Provincial administered</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="county-level_city" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/County-level_city" title="County-level city">county-level city</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jiyuan" title="Jiyuan">Jiyuan</a> city</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border&#124;link=China&#124;alt=China_Prefecture-level_divisions_of_China" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Prefectural-level_divisions_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Template:Prefectural-level divisions of the People's Republic of China"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Prefectural-level_divisions_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Template talk:Prefectural-level divisions of the People's Republic of China"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Prefectural-level_divisions_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Prefectural-level divisions of the People's Republic of China"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border&#124;link=China&#124;alt=China_Prefecture-level_divisions_of_China" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Prefecture-level_divisions_of_China" title="Prefecture-level divisions of China">Prefecture-level divisions of China</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Notes: *<b><a href="/wiki/List_of_the_current_and_former_capitals_of_the_subdivisions_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="List of the current and former capitals of the subdivisions of China">Provincial capitals</a></b>, ★<a href="/wiki/Sub-provincial_division#Sub-provincial_municipalities" title="Sub-provincial division">Sub-provincial cities</a>, ☆<a href="/wiki/Sub-provincial_division#Sub-provincial_autonomous_prefecture" title="Sub-provincial division">Sub-provincial autonomous prefecture</a> <i>*<a href="/wiki/Sub-prefectural_city" title="Sub-prefectural city">Sub prefectural-level divisions</a></i>, ✧"<a href="/w/index.php?title=Comparatively_larger_city&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Comparatively larger city (page does not exist)">Comparatively larger city</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BE%83%E5%A4%A7%E7%9A%84%E5%B8%82" class="extiw" title="zh:较大的市">zh</a>]</span>" (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">较大的市</span></span>) as approved by the <a href="/wiki/State_Council_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="State Council of the People's Republic of China">State Council</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_China" title="Provinces of China">Provinces</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Anhui" title="Anhui">Anhui</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Hefei" title="Hefei"><b>Hefei</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuhu" title="Wuhu">Wuhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengbu" title="Bengbu">Bengbu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huainan" title="Huainan">Huainan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma%27anshan" title="Ma'anshan">Ma'anshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huaibei" title="Huaibei">Huaibei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongling" title="Tongling">Tongling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anqing" title="Anqing">Anqing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huangshan_City" title="Huangshan City">Huangshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuzhou" title="Chuzhou">Chuzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuyang" title="Fuyang">Fuyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suzhou,_Anhui" title="Suzhou, Anhui">Suzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lu%27an" title="Lu'an">Lu'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bozhou" title="Bozhou">Bozhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chizhou" title="Chizhou">Chizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xuancheng" title="Xuancheng">Xuancheng</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Fujian" title="Fujian">Fujian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Fuzhou" title="Fuzhou"><b>Fuzhou</b></a></li> <li>★<a href="/wiki/Xiamen" title="Xiamen">Xiamen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Putian" title="Putian">Putian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanming" title="Sanming">Sanming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quanzhou" title="Quanzhou">Quanzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhangzhou" title="Zhangzhou">Zhangzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanping" title="Nanping">Nanping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longyan" title="Longyan">Longyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ningde" title="Ningde">Ningde</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Gansu" title="Gansu">Gansu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Lanzhou" title="Lanzhou"><b>Lanzhou</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiayuguan_City" title="Jiayuguan City">Jiayuguan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinchang" title="Jinchang">Jinchang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baiyin" title="Baiyin">Baiyin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianshui" title="Tianshui">Tianshui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuwei,_Gansu" title="Wuwei, Gansu">Wuwei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhangye" title="Zhangye">Zhangye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pingliang" title="Pingliang">Pingliang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiuquan" title="Jiuquan">Jiuquan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingyang,_Gansu" title="Qingyang, Gansu">Qingyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dingxi" title="Dingxi">Dingxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longnan" title="Longnan">Longnan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linxia_Hui_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture">Linxia (Hui)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gannan_Tibetan_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture">Gannan (Tibetan)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong">Guangdong</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*★<a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou"><b>Guangzhou</b></a></li> <li>★<a href="/wiki/Shenzhen" title="Shenzhen">Shenzhen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaoguan" title="Shaoguan">Shaoguan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhuhai" title="Zhuhai">Zhuhai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shantou" title="Shantou">Shantou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foshan" title="Foshan">Foshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiangmen" title="Jiangmen">Jiangmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhanjiang" title="Zhanjiang">Zhanjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maoming" title="Maoming">Maoming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhaoqing" title="Zhaoqing">Zhaoqing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huizhou" title="Huizhou">Huizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meizhou" title="Meizhou">Meizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangjiang" title="Yangjiang">Yangjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanwei" title="Shanwei">Shanwei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heyuan" title="Heyuan">Heyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingyuan" title="Qingyuan">Qingyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongguan" title="Dongguan">Dongguan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhongshan" title="Zhongshan">Zhongshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jieyang" title="Jieyang">Jieyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yunfu" title="Yunfu">Yunfu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Guizhou" title="Guizhou">Guizhou</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Guiyang" title="Guiyang"><b>Guiyang</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liupanshui" title="Liupanshui">Liupanshui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zunyi" title="Zunyi">Zunyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anshun" title="Anshun">Anshun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bijie" title="Bijie">Bijie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongren" title="Tongren">Tongren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qianxinan_Buyei_and_Miao_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Qianxinan Buyei and Miao Autonomous Prefecture">Qianxinan (Buyei and Miao)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiannan_Buyei_and_Miao_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Qiannan Buyei and Miao Autonomous Prefecture">Qiannan (Buyei and Miao)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiandongnan_Miao_and_Dong_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture">Qiandongnan (Miao and Dong)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Hainan" title="Hainan">Hainan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Haikou" title="Haikou"><b>Haikou</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanya" title="Sanya">Sanya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danzhou" title="Danzhou">Danzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sansha" title="Sansha">Sansha</a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Wuzhishan_City" title="Wuzhishan City"><i>Wuzhishan</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Qionghai" title="Qionghai"><i>Qionghai</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Wenchang" title="Wenchang"><i>Wenchang</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Wanning" title="Wanning"><i>Wanning</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Dongfang,_Hainan" title="Dongfang, Hainan"><i>Dongfang</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Ding%27an_County" title="Ding'an County"><i>Ding'an County</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Tunchang_County" title="Tunchang County"><i>Tunchang County</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Chengmai_County" title="Chengmai County"><i>Chengmai County</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Lingao_County" title="Lingao County"><i>Lingao County</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Baisha_Li_Autonomous_County" title="Baisha Li Autonomous County"><i>Baisha County</i> (Li)</a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Changjiang_Li_Autonomous_County" title="Changjiang Li Autonomous County"><i>Changjiang County</i> (Li)</a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Ledong_Li_Autonomous_County" title="Ledong Li Autonomous County"><i>Ledong County</i> (Li)</a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Lingshui_Li_Autonomous_County" title="Lingshui Li Autonomous County"><i>Lingshui County</i> (Li)</a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Baoting_Li_and_Miao_Autonomous_County" title="Baoting Li and Miao Autonomous County"><i>Baoting County</i> (Li and Miao)</a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Qiongzhong_Li_and_Miao_Autonomous_County" title="Qiongzhong Li and Miao Autonomous County"><i>Qiongzhong County</i> (Li and Miao)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Hebei" title="Hebei">Hebei</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Shijiazhuang" title="Shijiazhuang"><b>Shijiazhuang</b></a></li> <li>✧<a href="/wiki/Tangshan" title="Tangshan">Tangshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qinhuangdao" title="Qinhuangdao">Qinhuangdao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handan" title="Handan">Handan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xingtai" title="Xingtai">Xingtai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baoding" title="Baoding">Baoding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhangjiakou" title="Zhangjiakou">Zhangjiakou "Kalgan"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chengde" title="Chengde">Chengde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cangzhou" title="Cangzhou">Cangzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langfang" title="Langfang">Langfang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hengshui" title="Hengshui">Hengshui</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Henan" title="Henan">Henan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Zhengzhou" title="Zhengzhou"><b>Zhengzhou</b></a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kaifeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luoyang" title="Luoyang">Luoyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pingdingshan" title="Pingdingshan">Pingdingshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anyang" title="Anyang">Anyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebi" title="Hebi">Hebi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinxiang" title="Xinxiang">Xinxiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiaozuo" title="Jiaozuo">Jiaozuo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puyang" title="Puyang">Puyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xuchang" title="Xuchang">Xuchang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luohe" title="Luohe">Luohe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanmenxia" title="Sanmenxia">Sanmenxia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanyang,_Henan" title="Nanyang, Henan">Nanyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shangqiu" title="Shangqiu">Shangqiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinyang" title="Xinyang">Xinyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhoukou" title="Zhoukou">Zhoukou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhumadian" title="Zhumadian">Zhumadian</a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Jiyuan" title="Jiyuan"><i>Jiyuan</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Hubei" title="Hubei">Hubei</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*★<a href="/wiki/Wuhan" title="Wuhan"><b>Wuhan</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huangshi" title="Huangshi">Huangshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiyan" title="Shiyan">Shiyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yichang" title="Yichang">Yichang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiangyang" title="Xiangyang">Xiangyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezhou" title="Ezhou">Ezhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jingmen" title="Jingmen">Jingmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiaogan" title="Xiaogan">Xiaogan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jingzhou" title="Jingzhou">Jingzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huanggang" title="Huanggang">Huanggang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xianning" title="Xianning">Xianning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suizhou" title="Suizhou">Suizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enshi_Tujia_and_Miao_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture">Enshi (Tujia and Miao)</a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Xiantao" title="Xiantao"><i>Xiantao</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Qianjiang,_Hubei" title="Qianjiang, Hubei"><i>Qianjiang</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Tianmen" title="Tianmen"><i>Tianmen</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Shennongjia" title="Shennongjia"><i>Shennongjia Forestry District</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Heilongjiang" title="Heilongjiang">Heilongjiang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*★<a href="/wiki/Harbin" title="Harbin"><b>Harbin</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiqihar" title="Qiqihar">Qiqihar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jixi" title="Jixi">Jixi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hegang" title="Hegang">Hegang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuangyashan" title="Shuangyashan">Shuangyashan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daqing" title="Daqing">Daqing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yichun,_Heilongjiang" title="Yichun, Heilongjiang">Yichun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiamusi" title="Jiamusi">Jiamusi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qitaihe" title="Qitaihe">Qitaihe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mudanjiang" title="Mudanjiang">Mudanjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heihe" title="Heihe">Heihe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suihua" title="Suihua">Suihua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daxing%27anling_Prefecture" title="Daxing'anling Prefecture">Daxing'anling Prefecture</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Hunan" title="Hunan">Hunan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Changsha" title="Changsha"><b>Changsha</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhuzhou" title="Zhuzhou">Zhuzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiangtan" title="Xiangtan">Xiangtan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hengyang" title="Hengyang">Hengyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaoyang" title="Shaoyang">Shaoyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yueyang" title="Yueyang">Yueyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changde" title="Changde">Changde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhangjiajie" title="Zhangjiajie">Zhangjiajie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yiyang" title="Yiyang">Yiyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chenzhou" title="Chenzhou">Chenzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yongzhou" title="Yongzhou">Yongzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huaihua" title="Huaihua">Huaihua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loudi" title="Loudi">Loudi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiangxi_Tujia_and_Miao_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture">Xiangxi (Tujia and Miao)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Jilin" title="Jilin">Jilin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*★<a href="/wiki/Changchun" title="Changchun"><b>Changchun</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jilin_City" title="Jilin City">Jilin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siping,_Jilin" title="Siping, Jilin">Siping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liaoyuan" title="Liaoyuan">Liaoyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonghua" title="Tonghua">Tonghua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baishan" title="Baishan">Baishan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Songyuan" title="Songyuan">Songyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baicheng" title="Baicheng">Baicheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yanbian_Korean_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture">Yanbian (Korean)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Jiangsu" title="Jiangsu">Jiangsu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*★<a href="/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing"><b>Nanjing</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuxi" title="Wuxi">Wuxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xuzhou" title="Xuzhou">Xuzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changzhou" title="Changzhou">Changzhou</a></li> <li>✧<a href="/wiki/Suzhou" title="Suzhou">Suzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nantong" title="Nantong">Nantong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lianyungang" title="Lianyungang">Lianyungang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huai%27an" title="Huai'an">Huai'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yancheng" title="Yancheng">Yancheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangzhou" title="Yangzhou">Yangzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhenjiang" title="Zhenjiang">Zhenjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taizhou,_Jiangsu" title="Taizhou, Jiangsu">Taizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suqian" title="Suqian">Suqian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Jiangxi" title="Jiangxi">Jiangxi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Nanchang" title="Nanchang"><b>Nanchang</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jingdezhen" title="Jingdezhen">Jingdezhen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pingxiang" title="Pingxiang">Pingxiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiujiang" title="Jiujiang">Jiujiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinyu" title="Xinyu">Xinyu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yingtan" title="Yingtan">Yingtan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganzhou" title="Ganzhou">Ganzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ji%27an" title="Ji'an">Ji'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yichun,_Jiangxi" title="Yichun, Jiangxi">Yichun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuzhou,_Jiangxi" title="Fuzhou, Jiangxi">Fuzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shangrao" title="Shangrao">Shangrao</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Liaoning" title="Liaoning">Liaoning</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*★<a href="/wiki/Shenyang" title="Shenyang"><b>Shenyang</b></a></li> <li>★<a href="/wiki/Dalian" title="Dalian">Dalian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anshan" title="Anshan">Anshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fushun" title="Fushun">Fushun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benxi" title="Benxi">Benxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dandong" title="Dandong">Dandong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinzhou" title="Jinzhou">Jinzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yingkou" title="Yingkou">Yingkou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuxin" title="Fuxin">Fuxin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liaoyang" title="Liaoyang">Liaoyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panjin" title="Panjin">Panjin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tieling" title="Tieling">Tieling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaoyang,_Liaoning" title="Chaoyang, Liaoning">Chaoyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huludao" title="Huludao">Huludao</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Qinghai" title="Qinghai">Qinghai</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Xining" title="Xining"><b>Xining</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haidong" title="Haidong">Haidong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haibei_Tibetan_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Haibei Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture">Haibei (Tibetan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huangnan_Tibetan_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Huangnan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture">Huangnan (Tibetan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hainan_Tibetan_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Hainan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture">Hainan (Tibetan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golog_Tibetan_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Golog Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture">Golog "Guolog" (Tibetan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yushu_Tibetan_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Yushu Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture">Yushu (Tibetan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haixi_Mongol_and_Tibetan_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Haixi Mongol and Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture">Haixi "Qaidam" (Mongol and Tibetan)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*★<a href="/wiki/Chengdu" title="Chengdu"><b>Chengdu</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zigong" title="Zigong">Zigong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panzhihua" title="Panzhihua">Panzhihua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luzhou" title="Luzhou">Luzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deyang" title="Deyang">Deyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mianyang" title="Mianyang">Mianyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangyuan" title="Guangyuan">Guangyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suining" title="Suining">Suining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neijiang" title="Neijiang">Neijiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leshan" title="Leshan">Leshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanchong" title="Nanchong">Nanchong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meishan" title="Meishan">Meishan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yibin" title="Yibin">Yibin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guang%27an" title="Guang'an">Guang'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dazhou" title="Dazhou">Dazhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bazhong" title="Bazhong">Bazhong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ziyang" title="Ziyang">Ziyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ya%27an" title="Ya'an">Ya'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngawa_Tibetan_and_Qiang_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Ngawa Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture">Ngawa "Aba" (Tibetan and Qiang)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garz%C3%AA_Tibetan_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Garzê Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture">Garzê "Ganzi" (Tibetan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liangshan_Yi_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture">Liangshan (Yi)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Shaanxi" title="Shaanxi">Shaanxi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*★<a href="/wiki/Xi%27an" title="Xi'an"><b>Xi'an</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongchuan" title="Tongchuan">Tongchuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baoji" title="Baoji">Baoji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xianyang" title="Xianyang">Xianyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weinan" title="Weinan">Weinan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yan%27an" title="Yan'an">Yan'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanzhong" title="Hanzhong">Hanzhong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yulin,_Shaanxi" title="Yulin, Shaanxi">Yulin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ankang" title="Ankang">Ankang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shangluo" title="Shangluo">Shangluo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Shandong" title="Shandong">Shandong</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*★<a href="/wiki/Jinan" title="Jinan"><b>Jinan</b></a></li> <li>★<a href="/wiki/Qingdao" title="Qingdao">Qingdao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zibo" title="Zibo">Zibo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaozhuang" title="Zaozhuang">Zaozhuang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongying" title="Dongying">Dongying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yantai" title="Yantai">Yantai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weifang" title="Weifang">Weifang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jining" title="Jining">Jining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai%27an" title="Tai'an">Tai'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weihai" title="Weihai">Weihai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rizhao" title="Rizhao">Rizhao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linyi" title="Linyi">Linyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dezhou" title="Dezhou">Dezhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liaocheng" title="Liaocheng">Liaocheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binzhou" title="Binzhou">Binzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heze" title="Heze">Heze</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Shanxi" title="Shanxi">Shanxi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Taiyuan" title="Taiyuan"><b>Taiyuan</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Datong" title="Datong">Datong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangquan" title="Yangquan">Yangquan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changzhi" title="Changzhi">Changzhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jincheng" title="Jincheng">Jincheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuozhou" title="Shuozhou">Shuozhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinzhong" title="Jinzhong">Jinzhong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuncheng" title="Yuncheng">Yuncheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinzhou" title="Xinzhou">Xinzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linfen" title="Linfen">Linfen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCliang" title="Lüliang">Lüliang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><i><a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Province,_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Taiwan Province, People's Republic of China">Taiwan</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Taipei" title="Taipei"><i><b>Taibei</b></i></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kaohsiung" title="Kaohsiung">Gaoxiong</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/New_Taipei" class="mw-redirect" title="New Taipei">Xinbei</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Taichung" title="Taichung">Taizhong</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tainan" title="Tainan">Tainan</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Taoyuan,_Taiwan" title="Taoyuan, Taiwan">Taoyuan</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Yunnan" title="Yunnan">Yunnan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Kunming" title="Kunming"><b>Kunming</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qujing" title="Qujing">Qujing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuxi" title="Yuxi">Yuxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baoshan,_Yunnan" title="Baoshan, Yunnan">Baoshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhaotong" title="Zhaotong">Zhaotong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lijiang" title="Lijiang">Lijiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pu%27er_City" title="Pu'er City">Pu'er</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincang" title="Lincang">Lincang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuxiong_Yi_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture">Chuxiong (Yi)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honghe_Hani_and_Yi_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture">Honghe (Hani and Yi)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wenshan_Zhuang_and_Miao_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Wenshan Zhuang and Miao Autonomous Prefecture">Wenshan (Zhuang and Miao)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xishuangbanna_Dai_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture">Xishuangbanna (Dai)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dali_Bai_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture">Dali (Bai)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehong_Dai_and_Jingpo_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Dehong Dai and Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture">Dehong (Dai and Jingpo)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nujiang_Lisu_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Nujiang Lisu Autonomous Prefecture">Nujiang (Lisu)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%AAq%C3%AAn_Tibetan_Autonomous_Prefecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Dêqên Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture">Dêqên (Tibetan)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Zhejiang" title="Zhejiang">Zhejiang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*★<a href="/wiki/Hangzhou" title="Hangzhou"><b>Hangzhou</b></a></li> <li>★<a href="/wiki/Ningbo" title="Ningbo">Ningbo</a></li> <li>✧<a href="/wiki/Wenzhou" title="Wenzhou">Wenzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiaxing" title="Jiaxing">Jiaxing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huzhou" title="Huzhou">Huzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaoxing" title="Shaoxing">Shaoxing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinhua" title="Jinhua">Jinhua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quzhou" title="Quzhou">Quzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhoushan" title="Zhoushan">Zhoushan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taizhou,_Zhejiang" title="Taizhou, Zhejiang">Taizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lishui" title="Lishui">Lishui</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_regions_of_China" title="Autonomous regions of China">Autonomous <br />regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Guangxi" title="Guangxi">Guangxi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Nanning" title="Nanning"><b>Nanning</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liuzhou" title="Liuzhou">Liuzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guilin" title="Guilin">Guilin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuzhou" title="Wuzhou">Wuzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beihai" title="Beihai">Beihai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fangchenggang" title="Fangchenggang">Fangchenggang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qinzhou" title="Qinzhou">Qinzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guigang" title="Guigang">Guigang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yulin,_Guangxi" title="Yulin, Guangxi">Yulin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baise" title="Baise">Baise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hezhou" title="Hezhou">Hezhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hechi" title="Hechi">Hechi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laibin" title="Laibin">Laibin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chongzuo" title="Chongzuo">Chongzuo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Ningxia" title="Ningxia">Ningxia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Yinchuan" title="Yinchuan"><b>Yinchuan</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shizuishan" title="Shizuishan">Shizuishan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuzhong,_Ningxia" title="Wuzhong, Ningxia">Wuzhong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guyuan" title="Guyuan">Guyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhongwei" title="Zhongwei">Zhongwei</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Inner_Mongolia" title="Inner Mongolia">Inner <br />Mongolia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Hohhot" title="Hohhot"><b>Hohhot</b></a></li> <li>✧<a href="/wiki/Baotou" title="Baotou">Baotou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuhai" title="Wuhai">Wuhai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chifeng" title="Chifeng">Chifeng "Ulankhad"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongliao" title="Tongliao">Tongliao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordos_City" title="Ordos City">Ordos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hulunbuir" title="Hulunbuir">Hulunbuir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayannur" title="Bayannur">Bayannur "Bayannao'er"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulanqab" title="Ulanqab">Ulanqab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinggan_League" title="Hinggan League">Hinggan League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xilingol_League" title="Xilingol League">Xilingol League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alxa_League" title="Alxa League">Alxa League "Ālāshàn League"</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Xinjiang" title="Xinjiang">Xinjiang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/%C3%9Cr%C3%BCmqi" title="Ürümqi"><b>Ürümqi</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karamay" title="Karamay">Karamay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turpan" title="Turpan">Turpan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hami" title="Hami">Hami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changji_Hui_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture">Changji (Hui)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bortala_Mongol_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Bortala Mongol Autonomous Prefecture">Bortala (Mongol)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayingolin_Mongol_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Bayingolin Mongol Autonomous Prefecture">Bayingolin (Mongol)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kizilsu_Kyrgyz_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Kizilsu Kyrgyz Autonomous Prefecture">Kizilsu (Kyrgyz)</a></li> <li>( ☆<a href="/wiki/Ili_Kazakh_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture">Ili (Kazakh)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tacheng_Prefecture" title="Tacheng Prefecture">Tacheng Prefecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altay_Prefecture" title="Altay Prefecture">Altay Prefecture</a> )</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aksu_Prefecture" title="Aksu Prefecture">Aksu Prefecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashgar_Prefecture" title="Kashgar Prefecture">Kashgar "Kashi" Prefecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hotan_Prefecture" title="Hotan Prefecture">Hotan Prefecture</a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Shihezi" title="Shihezi"><i>Shihezi</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Aral,_Xinjiang" title="Aral, Xinjiang"><i>Aral</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Tumxuk" title="Tumxuk"><i>Tumxuk</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Wujiaqu" title="Wujiaqu"><i>Wujiaqu</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Beitun,_Xinjiang" title="Beitun, Xinjiang"><i>Beitun</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Tiemenguan_City" title="Tiemenguan City"><i>Tiemenguan</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Shuanghe" title="Shuanghe"><i>Shuanghe</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Kokdala" title="Kokdala"><i>Kokdala</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Kunyu,_Xinjiang" title="Kunyu, Xinjiang"><i>Kunyu</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Huyanghe" title="Huyanghe"><i>Huyanghe</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Xinxing,_Xinjiang" title="Xinxing, Xinjiang"><i>Xinxing</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Tibet_Autonomous_Region" title="Tibet Autonomous Region">Tibet</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Lhasa_(prefecture-level_city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lhasa (prefecture-level city)"><b>Lhasa</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shigatse" title="Shigatse">Shigatse "Xigazê"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamdo" title="Chamdo">Chamdo "Qamdo"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyingchi" title="Nyingchi">Nyingchi "Linzhi"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shannan,_Tibet" title="Shannan, Tibet">Shannan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagqu" title="Nagqu">Nagqu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngari_Prefecture" title="Ngari Prefecture">Ngari Prefecture</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Direct-administered_municipalities_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Direct-administered municipalities of China">Direct-administered municipalities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianjin" title="Tianjin">Tianjin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chongqing" title="Chongqing">Chongqing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Special_administrative_regions_of_China" title="Special administrative regions of China">Special administrative regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macau" title="Macau">Macau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><i>See also:</i> <a href="/wiki/List_of_prefectures_in_China" title="List of prefectures in China"><i>List of prefectures in China</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_China" title="List of cities in China"><i>List of cities in China</i></a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Major_cities_along_the_Yellow_River" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Major_cities_along_the_Yellow_River" title="Template:Major cities along the Yellow River"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Major_cities_along_the_Yellow_River" title="Template talk:Major cities along the Yellow River"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Major_cities_along_the_Yellow_River" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Major cities along the Yellow River"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Major_cities_along_the_Yellow_River" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Major cities along the <a href="/wiki/Yellow_River" title="Yellow River">Yellow River</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #ececec; vertical-align: text-top; text-align: center"><b><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_China#Provincial_level_subdivisions" title="Administrative divisions of China">Province-level<br />subdivisions</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background: #ececec; vertical-align: text-top; text-align: center;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b>Cities</b> (from upper reaches to lower reaches)</div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Major_cities_along_the_Yellow_River.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Major cities along the Yellow River"><img alt="Major cities along the Yellow River" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Major_cities_along_the_Yellow_River.svg/420px-Major_cities_along_the_Yellow_River.svg.png" decoding="async" width="420" height="198" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Major_cities_along_the_Yellow_River.svg/630px-Major_cities_along_the_Yellow_River.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Major_cities_along_the_Yellow_River.svg/840px-Major_cities_along_the_Yellow_River.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="680" data-file-height="320" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gansu" title="Gansu">Gansu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lanzhou" title="Lanzhou">Lanzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baiyin" title="Baiyin">Baiyin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ningxia" title="Ningxia">Ningxia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zhongwei" title="Zhongwei">Zhongwei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuzhong_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Wuzhong City">Wuzhong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yinchuan" title="Yinchuan">Yinchuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shizuishan" title="Shizuishan">Shizuishan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Inner_Mongolia" title="Inner Mongolia">Inner Mongolia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wuhai" title="Wuhai">Wuhai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordos_City" title="Ordos City">Ordos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayan_Nur" class="mw-redirect" title="Bayan Nur">Bayan Nur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baotou" title="Baotou">Baotou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hohhot" title="Hohhot">Hohhot</a> (boundaries of upper and middle reaches)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shanxi" title="Shanxi">Shanxi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xinzhou" title="Xinzhou">Xinzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCliang" title="Lüliang">Lüliang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linfen" title="Linfen">Linfen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuncheng" title="Yuncheng">Yuncheng</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shaanxi" title="Shaanxi">Shaanxi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yulin,_Shaanxi" title="Yulin, Shaanxi">Yulin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yan%27an" title="Yan'an">Yan'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weinan" title="Weinan">Weinan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Henan" title="Henan">Henan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sanmenxia" title="Sanmenxia">Sanmenxia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luoyang" title="Luoyang">Luoyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiyuan" title="Jiyuan">Jiyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiaozuo" title="Jiaozuo">Jiaozuo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhengzhou" title="Zhengzhou">Zhengzhou</a>(boundaries of middle and lower reaches)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinxiang" title="Xinxiang">Xinxiang</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kaifeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puyang" title="Puyang">Puyang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shandong" title="Shandong">Shandong</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liaocheng" title="Liaocheng">Liaocheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai%27an" title="Tai'an">Tai'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinan" title="Jinan">Jinan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dezhou" title="Dezhou">Dezhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binzhou" title="Binzhou">Binzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zibo" title="Zibo">Zibo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongying" title="Dongying">Dongying</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/Template:Major_cities_along_the_Pearl_River" title="Template:Major cities along the Pearl River">Major cities along the Pearl River</a> · <a href="/wiki/Template:Major_cities_along_the_Yangtze_River" title="Template:Major cities along the Yangtze River">Major cities along the Yangtze River</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208471#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208471#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208471#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/134878644">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJwtrmXXPC8yQpQrgyTbVC">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4249590-8">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n81087258">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12064225j">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12064225j">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00631226">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an36605485">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Kaifeng (Čína)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge298764&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX5222295">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007550518405171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/9cd4d7fe-7fee-42df-9145-219ae3b4f307">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/028902769">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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