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<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <title> Definizione di Conoscenza Aperta - Open Definition - Defining Open in Open Data, Open Content and Open Knowledge </title> <meta name="author" content="Open Knowledge Open Definition Group" /> <meta name="description" content="Definizione di Conoscenza Aperta - Open Definition - Defining Open in Open Data, Open Content and Open Knowledge" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://opendefinition.org/od/2.0/it/"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">  <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://a.okfn.org/html/oki/panel/assets/css/frontend.css"/> <link href="https://fonts.cdnfonts.com/css/hk-groteks" rel="stylesheet"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets.okfn.org/mmenu-js/mmenu.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Open Definition" href="/feed/index.xml" /> <script defer 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class="container"> <h2>Definizione di Conoscenza Aperta</h2> <p>Versione: 2.0</p> <p>La Definizione di Conoscenza Aperta precisa il significato di ‘’aperto’’ (open) rispetto alla conoscenza, promuove beni comuni (commons) robusti a cui chiunque può partecipare, ed offre una interoperabilità efficace.</p> <p><strong>Sommario:</strong> <em>La conoscenza è aperta quando chiunque ha libertà di accesso, uso, modifica e condivisione ad essa – avendo al massimo come limite misure che ne preservino la provenienza e l’apertura.</em></p> <p>Il significato essenziale corrisponde con quello di ‘’aperto’’ rispetto al software, come nel caso della <a href="https://opensource.org/docs/osd">Open Source Definition</a>, dove è sinonimo di ‘’libero’’ secondo quanto descritto dalla <a href="https://freedomdefined.org/Definition/It">Definition of Free Cultural Works</a>. La Definizione di Conoscenza Aperta originariamente derivava dalla Open Source Definition che a sua volta eredita il concetto dalle linee guida Debian <a href="http://www.debian.org/social_contract.it.html">Debian Free Software Guidelines</a>.</p> <p>Il termine <strong>opera</strong> sarà utilizzato per indicare l’oggetto o l’elemento di conoscenza che viene trasferito.</p> <p>Il termine <strong>licenza</strong> si riferisce alla licenza in base alla quale l’opera è resa disponibile. Nel caso in cui non sia stata concessa alcuna licenza, ci si riferisce alle normali condizioni giuridiche a cui il l’opera è soggetta (per esempio il <em>copyright</em> o dominio pubblico).</p> <h2 id="1-opera-aperta">1. Opera aperta</h2> <p>Un’ <strong>opera</strong> aperta deve soddisfare i seguenti requisiti nella sua distribuzione:</p> <h3 id="11-licenza-aperta">1.1 Licenza aperta</h3> <p>L’ <strong>opera</strong> <em>deve</em> essere disponibile con una <strong>licenza</strong> aperta (come definito nella Sezione 2). Qualsiasi condizione aggiuntiva che accompagna l’opera (come condizioni d’uso o brevetti del licenziatario) <em>non deve</em> contraddire le condizioni della licenza.</p> <h3 id="12-accesso">1.2 Accesso</h3> <p>L’ <strong>opera</strong> deve essere disponibile nella sua interezza ed a un costo di riproduzione ragionevole, preferibilmente tramite il download gratuito via Internet. Qualsiasi informazione aggiuntiva vincolata dalla licenza (come i nomi dei contributori richiesti nel caso del requisito di attribuzione) <em>deve</em> accompagnare l’opera.</p> <h3 id="13-formato-aperto">1.3 Formato aperto.</h3> <p>L’ <strong>opera</strong> <em>deve</em> essere fornita in un formato opportuno e modificabile che non ponga inutili ostacoli tecnologici allo svolgimento dei permessi forniti dalla licenza. Nello specifico, i dati devono essere machine-readable (processabili da una macchina), disponibili in massa (bulk) e messi a disposizione in un formato aperto, vale a dire un formato le cui specifiche siano pubblicamente e liberamente disponibili e che non imponga nessuna restrizione economica o di altro tipo al suo utilizzo o che almeno, come caso estremo, possa essere elaborato da almeno un <em>software</em> libero.</p> <h2 id="2-licenze-aperte">2. Licenze aperte</h2> <p>Una <strong>licenza</strong> è aperta se i suoi termini soddisfano le seguenti condizioni:</p> <h3 id="21-autorizzazioni-necessarie">2.1 Autorizzazioni necessarie</h3> <p>La <strong>licenza</strong> <em>deve</em> irrevocabilmente permettere le seguenti condizioni:</p> <h4 id="211-uso">2.1.1 Uso</h4> <p>La <strong>licenza</strong> <em>deve</em> permettere il libero uso dell’opera licenziata.</p> <h4 id="212-ridistribuzione">2.1.2 Ridistribuzione</h4> <p>La <strong>licenza</strong> <em>non deve</em> imporre alcuna limitazione alla vendita o all’offerta gratuita dell’opera singolarmente considerata o come parte di un pacchetto composto da opere provenienti da fonti diverse.</p> <h4 id="213--modifiche">2.1.3 Modifiche</h4> <p>La <strong>licenza</strong> <em>deve</em> consentire la realizzazione di modifiche e di opere derivate e deve consentire la loro distribuzione agli stessi termini dell’opera originaria.</p> <h4 id="214--separazione">2.1.4 Separazione</h4> <p>La <strong>licenza</strong> <em>deve</em> consentire a qualsiasi parte dell’opera di essere liberamente usata, distribuita o modificata separatamente da qualsiasi altra parte dell’opera o da qualsiasi pacchetto di opere con cui era originariamente distribuita. Tutte le persone a cui il lavoro viene ridistribuito devono avere gli stessi diritti concessi in congiunzione con il pacchetto originario.</p> <h4 id="215-compilazione">2.1.5 Compilazione</h4> <p>La <strong>licenza</strong> <em>non deve imporre restrizioni</em> su altre opere distribuite insieme all’opera licenziata. Per esempio, la licenza non deve insistere sul fatto che tutte le altre opere distribuite sullo stesso supporto siano aperte.</p> <h4 id="216--non-discriminazione">2.1.6 Non discriminazione</h4> <p>La <strong>licenza</strong> <em>non deve</em> discriminare alcuna persona o gruppo di persone.</p> <h4 id="217-distribuzione">2.1.7 Distribuzione</h4> <p>I diritti relativi all’opera <em>devono</em> essere applicati a tutti coloro a cui è ridistribuita senza la necessità di accettare altri termini legali aggiuntivi.</p> <h4 id="218-uso-per-qualsiasi-scopo">2.1.8 Uso per qualsiasi scopo</h4> <p>La <strong>licenza</strong> <em>deve</em> permettere l’uso, la ridistribuzione, modifica e compilazione per qualsiasi scopo. La licenza <em>non deve</em> impedire a nessuno di utilizzare l’opera in un determinato settore d’attività.</p> <h4 id="219--nessun-addebito">2.1.9 Nessun addebito</h4> <p>La <strong>licenza</strong> <em>non deve</em> imporre nessuna spesa di attivazione, royalty o altre compensazioni o remunerazioni monetarie, come parte delle sue condizioni.</p> <h3 id="22-condizioni-accettabili">2.2 Condizioni accettabili</h3> <p>La <strong>licenza</strong> <em>non deve</em> limitare, rendere insicuro o ridurre le autorizzazioni obbligatorie nelle Sezione 2.1 eccetto nelle seguenti condizioni:</p> <h4 id="221--attribuzione">2.2.1 Attribuzione</h4> <p>La <strong>licenza</strong> <em>puo`</em> richiedere nella distribuzione di citare contributori, titolari dei diritti, sponsor e creatori dell’opera purché tali obblighi non siano onerosi.</p> <h4 id="222-integrita">2.2.2 Integrita`</h4> <p>La <strong>licenza</strong> <em>puo`</em> richiedere, come condizione perché l’opera venga distribuita in forma modificata, che l’opera derivata abbia un nome o un numero di versione diverso dall’opera originaria.</p> <h4 id="223-condividi-allo-stesso-modo">2.2.3 Condividi allo stesso modo</h4> <p>La <strong>licenza</strong> <em>puo`</em> richiede a chi genera contenuti da un prodotto di rilasciare i derivati con le stesse condizioni dell’originale.</p> <h4 id="224-avviso">2.2.4 Avviso</h4> <p>La <strong>licenza</strong> <em>puo`</em> richiedere il mantenimento delle notifiche di (<em>copyright</em>) e l’identificazione della licenza originale.</p> <h4 id="225-sorgente">2.2.5 Sorgente</h4> <p>La <strong>licenza</strong> <em>puo`</em> richiedere che opere modificate siano rese disponibili in un formato adatto per future modifiche.</p> <h4 id="226--assenza-di-restrizioni-tecnologiche">2.2.6 Assenza di restrizioni tecnologiche</h4> <p>La <strong>licenza</strong> <em>puo`</em> proibire la distribuzione dell’opera quando ci sono condizioni tecnologiche che impongo restrizioni all’esercizio dei diritti in altro caso concessi.</p> <h4 id="227-non-aggressione">2.2.7 Non aggressione</h4> <p>La <strong>licenza</strong> <em>puo`</em> richiedere modifiche che concedano permessi pubblici aggiuntivi (per esempio, brevetti di licenza) come richiesto per l’esercizio dei diritti accompagnati dalla licenza. La licenza può inoltre permettere autorizzazioni di non aggressione contro i licenziatari rispetto all’esercitare qualsiasi altro diritto permesso (nuovamente, ad esempio, contenziosi sui brevetti).</p> <p><em>translated by <a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#7600130419181f1517581a1f06131a1a1736111b171f1a5815191b">Veronica Lipella</a> and <a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#93fef2e6e1fae9fafcbdfdf2e3fcfffae7f2fdfcd3fcf8f5fdbdfce1f4">Maurizio Napolitano</a> based on the work ofPrimavera De Filippi, Andrea Glorioso and Juan Carlos De Martin at the <a href="http://nexa.polito.it/">NEXA Center for Internet & Society, Politecnico di Torino</a>.</em></p> </div> </section> <footer class="site-footer"> <div class="wrapper"> <div class="footer-language-links"> <p> The Open Definition in Your Language <ul> <li><a href="/od/2.1/ar/">العربية</a></li> <li><a href="/od/1.1/be/">Беларуская</a></li> <li><a href="/od/2.1/bs/">Bosanski</a></li> <li><a href="/od/1.1/bg/">Български</a></li> <li><a href="/od/1.1/ca/">Català</a></li> <li><a href="/od/2.0/cz/">Czech</a></li> <li><a href="/od/1.1/da/">Dansk</a></li> <li><a href="/od/2.1/de/">Deutsch</a></li> <li><a href="/od/2.1/et/">Eesti</a></li> <li><a href="/od/1.0/el/">Ελληνικά</a></li> <li><a href="/od/2.1/en/">English</a></li> <li><a href="/od/2.1/es/">Español</a></li> <li><a href="/od/1.0/eu">Euskara</a></li> <li><a href="/od/1.1/fi/">Suomi</a></li> <li><a href="/od/1.1/fr/">Français</a></li> <li><a href="/od/2.1/gl/">Galego</a></li> <li><a href="/od/1.1/he/">עברית</a></li> <li><a href="/od/2.0/hi">हिन्दी</a></li> <li><a href="/od/1.1/hr/">Croatian</a></li> <li><a href="/od/1.1/hu/">Magyar</a></li> <li><a href="/od/1.1/id/">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/od/1.0/is/">Íslenska</a></li> <li><a href="/od/2.0/it/">Italiano</a></li> <li><a href="/od/2.1/ja/">日本語</a></li> <li><a href="/od/1.1/kn/">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li> <li><a href="/od/2.1/ko/">한국어</a></li> <li><a href="/od/1.1/mk/">македонски јазик</a></li> <li><a href="/od/2.1/ne/">नेपाली</a></li> <li><a href="/od/1.1/no/">Norsk (bokmål)</a></li> <li><a href="/od/2.0/pl/">Polszczyzna</a></li> <li><a href="/od/2.1/pt-br/">Português Brasileiro </a></li> <li><a href="/od/1.1/pt/">Português</a></li> <li><a href="/od/1.1/ru/">Русский</a></li> <li><a href="/od/1.1/sq/">Shqip</a></li> <li><a href="/od/2.1/sr/">Српски</a></li> <li><a href="/od/1.1/sv/">Svenska</a></li> <li><a href="/od/1.1/te/">తెలుగు</a></li> <li><a href="/od/1.1/tr/">Türkçe</a></li> <li><a href="/od/2.0/ua/">Українська</a></li> <li><a href="/od/2.1/zh/">简体中文</a></li> <li><a href="/od/2.1/zh-tw/">繁體中文</a></li> </ul> </p> </div> <hr> <div class="footer-primary-links"> <a class="footer-logo" href="https://okfn.org/"> <img src="https://a.okfn.org/img/oki/landscape-white-234x61.png"> </a> <p> Open Definition is a project of <a href="https://okfn.org">Open Knowledge Foundation</a> – <a href="https://github.com/okfn/opendefinition">Source Code</a> </p> <p> <a href="https://opendefinition.org/ossd/" title="Open Online Software Service"> <img src="/assets.okfn.org/images/ok_buttons/os_80x15_orange_grey.png" alt="" /> </a> <a href="https://opendefinition.org/" title="Open Content"> <img src="/assets.okfn.org/images/ok_buttons/oc_80x15_blue.png" alt="" /> </a> – <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"> Content licensed under a CC Attribution 4.0 International License </a> </p> </div> <div class="footer-secondary-links"> <ul> <li><a href="https://okfn.org/privacy-policy/">Privacy policy</a></li> <li><a href="https://okfn.org/ip-policy/">IP policy</a></li> <li><a href="https://okfn.org/cookie-policy/">Cookie policy</a></li> <li><a href="https://okfn.org/terms-of-use/">Terms of use</a></li> </ul> <ul class="footer-social"> <li> <a href="https://twitter.com/okfn"> <img src="/assets.okfn.org/images/social/x-logo.png" alt="Twitter"> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/user/openknowledgefdn"> <img src="/assets.okfn.org/images/social/youtube-logo-circle.png" alt="YouTube"> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://fosstodon.org/@okfn"> <img src="/assets.okfn.org/images/social/mastodon-logo.png" alt="Mastodon"> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/open-knowledge-foundation/"> <img src="/assets.okfn.org/images/social/linkedin-logo.png" alt="Linkedin"> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://github.com/okfn"> <img src="/assets.okfn.org/images/social/github-logo.png" alt="GitHub"> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://okfn.org/newsletter"> <img src="/assets.okfn.org/images/social/newsletter.png" alt="Newsletter"> </a> </li> </ul> </div> <hr> <p>The Open Knowledge Foundation is a not-for-profit organisation. 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