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</nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">葡萄牙海洋與大氣研究所</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。5种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-5" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">5种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instituto_Portugu%C3%AAs_do_Mar_e_da_Atmosfera" title="Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instituto_Portugu%C3%AAs_do_Mar_e_da_Atmosfera" title="Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instituto_Portugu%C3%AAs_do_Mar_e_da_Atmosfera" title="Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institut_portugais_de_la_mer_et_de_l%27atmosph%C3%A8re" title="Institut portugais de la mer et de l'atmosphère – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Institut portugais de la mer et de l'atmosphère" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instituto_Portugu%C3%AAs_do_Mar_e_da_Atmosfera" title="Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1526902#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E7%89%99%E6%B5%B7%E6%B4%8B%E8%88%87%E5%A4%A7%E6%B0%A3%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%89%80" title="浏览条目正文[c]" accesskey="c"><span>条目</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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ambox ambox-notice" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg/50px-Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg/75px-Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg/100px-Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="20" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此條目<b>可参照<a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instituto_Portugu%C3%AAs_do_Mar_e_da_Atmosfera" class="extiw" title="pt:Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera">葡萄牙語維基百科</a>相應條目来扩充</b>。<span class="hide-when-compact"></span> <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">2023年9月1日</span>)</i></small><span class="hide-when-compact"><br /><small>若您熟悉来源语言和主题，请协助<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%BF%BB%E8%AF%91%E5%AE%88%E5%88%99" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:翻译守则">参考外语维基百科扩充条目</a>。请勿直接提交机械翻译，也不要翻译不可靠、低品质内容。依<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%9C%A8%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%86%85%E5%A4%8D%E5%88%B6%E5%86%85%E5%AE%B9" title="Wikipedia:在维基百科内复制内容">版权协议</a>，译文需<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%B7%A8%E8%BC%AF%E6%91%98%E8%A6%81#翻譯文章" title="Wikipedia:編輯摘要">在编辑摘要注明来源</a>，或于讨论页顶部标记<code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Translated_page" title="Template:Translated page">Translated page</a>}}</code>标签。</small></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>葡萄牙海洋與大氣研究所</b>（葡萄牙語：<span lang="pt">Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera</span>）是<a href="/wiki/%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E7%89%99" title="葡萄牙">葡萄牙</a>負責監測<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A3%E8%B1%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="氣象">氣象</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87" title="地震">地震</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E6%B4%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="海洋">海洋</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B0%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="大氣">大氣</a>的國家組織。<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="歷史"><span id=".E6.AD.B7.E5.8F.B2"></span>歷史</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E7%89%99%E6%B5%B7%E6%B4%8B%E8%88%87%E5%A4%A7%E6%B0%A3%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%89%80&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：歷史"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>現在的葡萄牙海洋與大氣研究所最初成立於1946年，當時名為國家氣象局（<span lang="pt">Serviço Metereológico Nacional，SMN</span>），它集中了以前之氣象部門（<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E8%88%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="民航">民航</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%B8%E8%BB%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="陸軍">陸軍</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%BB%8D%E4%BA%8B%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA" title="軍事航空">軍事航空</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%86%9B" title="海军">海軍</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="農業">農業</a>）的職能以及<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E9%80%9F%E7%88%BE%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="亞速爾群島">亞速爾群島</a>地區氣象部門和部分大學氣象研究所的職能。<sup id="cite_ref-sol_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sol-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>1976年，國家氣象局更名為國家氣象與地球物理研究所（<span lang="pt">Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia e Geofísica，INMG</span>），並於1993年更名為氣象研究所（<span lang="pt">Instituto de Meteorologia，IM</span>）。2012年當該機構承擔隸屬於其他機構的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%94%E4%B8%9A" title="渔业">漁業</a>和海洋研究之責任時更名為葡萄牙海洋與大氣研究所。<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參考文獻"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8D.BB"></span>參考文獻</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E7%89%99%E6%B5%B7%E6%B4%8B%E8%88%87%E5%A4%A7%E6%B0%A3%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%89%80&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：參考文獻"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ipma.pt/pt/oipma/quem/ipma/">Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2023-09-01</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230901010858/https://www.ipma.pt/pt/oipma/quem/ipma/">存档</a>于2023-09-01）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E7%89%99%E6%B5%B7%E6%B4%8B%E8%88%87%E5%A4%A7%E6%B0%A3%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%89%80&rft.btitle=Instituto+Portugu%C3%AAs+do+Mar+e+da+Atmosfera&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ipma.pt%2Fpt%2Foipma%2Fquem%2Fipma%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sol-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sol_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sulinformacao.pt/2011/10/servico-meteorologico-nacional-faz-amanha-65-anos/">Serviço Meteorológico Nacional faz esta sexta-feira 65 anos</a>. Sul Informaçao. 2011-10-06 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2022-03-02</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230901010634/https://www.sulinformacao.pt/2011/10/servico-meteorologico-nacional-faz-amanha-65-anos/">存档</a>于2023-09-01） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到葡萄牙语网页">（葡萄牙语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E7%89%99%E6%B5%B7%E6%B4%8B%E8%88%87%E5%A4%A7%E6%B0%A3%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%89%80&rft.atitle=Servi%C3%A7o+Meteorol%C3%B3gico+Nacional+faz+esta+sexta-feira+65+anos&rft.date=2011-10-06&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sul+Informa%C3%A7ao&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sulinformacao.pt%2F2011%2F10%2Fservico-meteorologico-nacional-faz-amanha-65-anos%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ipma.pt/pt/oipma/">O IPMA</a>. Who we are. IPMA. 2022 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2022-03-02</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230523190638/https://www.ipma.pt/pt/oipma/">存档</a>于2023-05-23） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到葡萄牙语网页">（葡萄牙语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E7%89%99%E6%B5%B7%E6%B4%8B%E8%88%87%E5%A4%A7%E6%B0%A3%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%89%80&rft.atitle=O+IPMA&rft.date=2022&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Who+we+are&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ipma.pt%2Fpt%2Foipma%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <table class="metadata plainlinks stub" role="presentation" style="background:transparent"><tbody><tr class="noresize"><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a 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