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class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Projected value </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Projected_value-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 History </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reactions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reactions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Reactions </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Reactions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Reactions subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Reactions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Positive" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Positive"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Positive </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Positive-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Criticism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Criticism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Criticism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Criticism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 34 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-34" aria-hidden="true" > 34 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%82%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9" title="الشراكة الاقتصادية الإقليمية الشاملة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الشراكة الاقتصادية الإقليمية الشاملة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Associaci%C3%B3_Econ%C3%B2mica_Integral_Regional" title="Associació Econòmica Integral Regional – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Associació Econòmica Integral Regional" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Region%C3%A1ln%C3%AD_ekonomick%C3%A9_partnerstv%C3%AD" title="Regionální ekonomické partnerství – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Regionální ekonomické partnerství" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regional_Comprehensive_Economic_Partnership" title="Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regional_Comprehensive_Economic_Partnership" title="Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asociaci%C3%B3n_Econ%C3%B3mica_Integral_Regional" title="Asociación Económica Integral Regional – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Asociación Económica Integral Regional" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regiona_Ampleksa_Ekonomia_Partnereco" title="Regiona Ampleksa Ekonomia Partnereco – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Regiona Ampleksa Ekonomia Partnereco" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9_%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B7%D9%82%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C" title="مشارکت اقتصادی جامع منطقه‌ای – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مشارکت اقتصادی جامع منطقه‌ای" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partenariat_%C3%A9conomique_r%C3%A9gional_global" title="Partenariat économique régional global – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Partenariat économique régional global" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%97%AD%EB%82%B4_%ED%8F%AC%EA%B4%84%EC%A0%81_%EA%B2%BD%EC%A0%9C_%EB%8F%99%EB%B0%98%EC%9E%90_%ED%98%91%EC%A0%95" title="역내 포괄적 경제 동반자 협정 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="역내 포괄적 경제 동반자 협정" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9D%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80" title="क्षेत्रीय व्यापक आर्थिक साझेदारी – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="क्षेत्रीय व्यापक आर्थिक साझेदारी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kemitraan_Ekonomi_Komprehensif_Regional" title="Kemitraan Ekonomi Komprehensif Regional – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kemitraan Ekonomi Komprehensif Regional" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partenariato_Economico_Globale_Regionale" title="Partenariato Economico Globale Regionale – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Partenariato Economico Globale Regionale" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%AA%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%90%D7%96%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%94" title="השותפות הכלכלית האזורית המקיפה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="השותפות הכלכלית האזורית המקיפה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kemitraan_Ekonomi_Komprehensif_Daerah" title="Kemitraan Ekonomi Komprehensif Daerah – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Kemitraan Ekonomi Komprehensif Daerah" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A6%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%B6%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%95_%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0_%E0%B2%86%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%95_%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%B9%E0%B2%AD%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B5" title="ಪ್ರಾದೇಶಿಕ ಸಮಗ್ರ ಆರ್ಥಿಕ ಸಹಭಾಗಿತ್ವ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಪ್ರಾದೇಶಿಕ ಸಮಗ್ರ ಆರ್ಥಿಕ ಸಹಭಾಗಿತ್ವ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regionin%C4%97s_i%C5%A1samios_ekonomin%C4%97s_partneryst%C4%97s_sutartis" title="Regioninės išsamios ekonominės partnerystės sutartis – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Regioninės išsamios ekonominės partnerystės sutartis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perkongsian_Ekonomi_Menyeluruh_Serantau" title="Perkongsian Ekonomi Menyeluruh Serantau – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Perkongsian Ekonomi Menyeluruh Serantau" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%AE%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%95%E1%80%AE" title="အာရ်စီအီးပီ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အာရ်စီအီးပီ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regional_Comprehensive_Economic_Partnership" title="Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E5%9F%9F%E7%9A%84%E3%81%AA%E5%8C%85%E6%8B%AC%E7%9A%84%E7%B5%8C%E6%B8%88%E9%80%A3%E6%90%BA%E5%8D%94%E5%AE%9A" title="地域的な包括的経済連携協定 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="地域的な包括的経済連携協定" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/RCEP" title="RCEP – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="RCEP" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regionalne_Kompleksowe_Partnerstwo_Gospodarcze" title="Regionalne Kompleksowe Partnerstwo Gospodarcze – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Regionalne Kompleksowe Partnerstwo Gospodarcze" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parceria_Regional_Econ%C3%B4mica_Abrangente" title="Parceria Regional Econômica Abrangente – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Parceria Regional Econômica Abrangente" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B5_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D1%8D%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%91%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Всестороннее региональное экономическое партнёрство – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Всестороннее региональное экономическое партнёрство" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regional_Comprehensive_Economic_Partnership" title="Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/RCEP" title="RCEP – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="RCEP" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regional_Comprehensive_Economic_Partnership" title="Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF_%E0%AE%92%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%81" title="பிராந்திய ஒட்டுமொத்தப் பொருளாதாரக் கூட்டுறவு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பிராந்திய ஒட்டுமொத்தப் பொருளாதாரக் கூட்டுறவு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%84" title="ความตกลงหุ้นส่วนทางเศรษฐกิจระดับภูมิภาค – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ความตกลงหุ้นส่วนทางเศรษฐกิจระดับภูมิภาค" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%B6lgesel_Kapsaml%C4%B1_Ekonomik_Ortakl%C4%B1k" title="Bölgesel Kapsamlı Ekonomik Ortaklık – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Bölgesel Kapsamlı Ekonomik Ortaklık" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" 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searchaux" style="display:none">2020 Asia-Pacific free trade agreement</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"RCEP" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/RCEP_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="RCEP (disambiguation)">RCEP (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><caption class="infobox-title" style="font-size:125%;">Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="border-bottom:1px #aaa solid;padding-top:0.4em;"><a href="/wiki/File:RCEP.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/RCEP.png/300px-RCEP.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/RCEP.png/450px-RCEP.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/RCEP.png/600px-RCEP.png 2x" data-file-width="4206" data-file-height="4202" /></a><div class="infobox-caption" style="padding:0.35em 0.35em 0.25em;line-height:1.25em;">RCEP members</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Free_trade_agreement" title="Free trade agreement">Free trade agreement</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signed</th><td class="infobox-data">15 November 2020</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data location"><a href="/wiki/Hanoi" title="Hanoi">Hanoi</a>, Vietnam (virtual host)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Effective</th><td class="infobox-data">1 January 2022</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signatories</th><td class="infobox-data attendee plainlist">15 <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /> <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Brunei.svg/23px-Flag_of_Brunei.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Brunei.svg/35px-Flag_of_Brunei.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Brunei.svg/46px-Flag_of_Brunei.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="720" /> <a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="640" /> <a href="/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/23px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/35px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/45px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/23px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/35px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/45px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/23px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/35px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/46px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/23px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/35px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/45px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/23px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/35px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/45px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/23px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/35px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/45px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parties</th><td class="infobox-data plainlist">14 <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /> <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a> (1 January 2022)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Brunei.svg/23px-Flag_of_Brunei.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Brunei.svg/35px-Flag_of_Brunei.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Brunei.svg/46px-Flag_of_Brunei.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="720" /> <a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</a> (1 January 2022)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="640" /> <a href="/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia">Cambodia</a> (1 January 2022)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> (1 January 2022)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> (2 January 2023)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a> (1 January 2022)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a> (1 February 2022)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/23px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/35px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/45px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</a> (1 January 2022)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a> (18 March 2022)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/23px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/35px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/46px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a> (1 January 2022)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a> (2 June 2023)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/23px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/35px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/45px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a> (1 January 2022)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/23px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/35px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/45px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a> (1 January 2022)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/23px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/35px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/45px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a> (1 January 2022)</li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Depositary</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Secretary-General_of_ASEAN" title="Secretary-General of ASEAN">Secretary-General of ASEAN</a><a href="#cite_note-finprov-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Language</th><td class="infobox-data">English (<a href="/wiki/Lingua_franca" title="Lingua franca">lingua franca</a>)<a href="#cite_note-finprov-1">[1]</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Logo_RCEP.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Logo_RCEP.png/220px-Logo_RCEP.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="69" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d4/Logo_RCEP.png 1.5x" data-file-width="319" data-file-height="100" /></a><figcaption>Logo of the RCEP</figcaption></figure> The Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˈɑːrsɛp/</a> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key">AR-sep</a>) is a <a href="/wiki/Free_trade_agreement" title="Free trade agreement">free trade agreement</a> among the Asia-Pacific countries of <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia">Cambodia</a>, <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>, <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Initiator-2">[2]</a> The 15 member countries account for about 30% of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_population" title="List of countries and dependencies by population">world's population</a> (2.2 billion people) and 30% of <a href="/wiki/Gross_world_product" title="Gross world product">global GDP</a> ($29.7 trillion), making it the largest <a href="/wiki/Trade_bloc" title="Trade bloc">trade bloc</a> in history.<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> Signed in November 2020, RCEP is the first free trade agreement among the <a href="/wiki/List_of_Asian_countries_by_GDP" title="List of Asian countries by GDP">largest economies in Asia</a>, including China, Indonesia, Japan, and South Korea.<a href="#cite_note-SCMP_What_is_RCEP-4">[4]</a> The RCEP was conceived at the 2011 <a href="/wiki/ASEAN_Summit" title="ASEAN Summit">ASEAN Summit</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bali" title="Bali">Bali</a>, Indonesia, while negotiations formally launched during the 2012 ASEAN Summit in Cambodia.<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-SCMP_China_declares_victory_as_15_nations_sign-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-Challenges-7">[7]</a> India, which took part in the initial negotiations but later decided to opt out, was invited to join the bloc at any time. Any other country or separate customs territory in the region can accede to the pact from 1 July 2023 onward.<a href="#cite_note-Sign1-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-Sign2-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> The treaty was formally signed on 15 November 2020 at the virtual ASEAN Summit hosted by Vietnam. For the first ten ratifying countries, the trade pact took effect on 1 January 2022.<a href="#cite_note-aus_nz-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> The RCEP includes a mix of high-,<a href="#cite_note-14">[note 1]</a> middle-,<a href="#cite_note-15">[note 2]</a> and low-income countries.<a href="#cite_note-16">[note 3]</a> It is expected to eliminate about 90% of the <a href="/wiki/Tariff" title="Tariff">tariffs</a> on imports between its signatories within 20 years of coming into force, and establish common rules for <a href="/wiki/E-commerce" title="E-commerce">e-commerce</a>, trade, and intellectual property.<a href="#cite_note-SCMP_What_is_RCEP-4">[4]</a> Several analysts predicted that it would offer significant economic gains for signatory states, boost <a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic">post-pandemic economic recovery</a>, as well as "pull the economic centre of gravity back towards Asia, with China poised to take the lead in writing trade rules for the region," leaving the United States behind in economic and political affairs in the region.<a href="#cite_note-27">[note 4]</a> Reactions from others were neutral or negative,<a href="#cite_note-40">[note 5]</a> with some analysts saying that the economic gains from the trade deal would be modest.<a href="#cite_note-cnbc_A_coup-34">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-wsj._Asias_Huge-35">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-Mahadevan_Nugroho_pp._3148–3167-36">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-hind_India_has-37">[33]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Membership">Membership</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Regional_Comprehensive_Economic_Partnership&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Membership">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Signatories">Signatories</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Regional_Comprehensive_Economic_Partnership&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Signatories">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>All ten members of <a href="/wiki/ASEAN" title="ASEAN">ASEAN</a> (excludes candidate member <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_East_Timor.svg/23px-Flag_of_East_Timor.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_East_Timor.svg/35px-Flag_of_East_Timor.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_East_Timor.svg/46px-Flag_of_East_Timor.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/East_Timor" title="East Timor">East Timor</a>): <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Brunei.svg/23px-Flag_of_Brunei.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Brunei.svg/35px-Flag_of_Brunei.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Brunei.svg/46px-Flag_of_Brunei.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="720" /> <a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="640" /> <a href="/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/23px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/35px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/45px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/23px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/35px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/45px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/23px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/35px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/45px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/23px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/35px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/45px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/23px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/35px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/45px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li></ul></li> <li>RCEP is the first trade agreement to include all three East Asian members of <a href="/wiki/ASEAN#ASEAN_Plus_Three" title="ASEAN">ASEAN Plus Three</a>:<a href="#cite_note-:Ma&Kang-41">[36]</a>: 176  <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a></li></ul></li> <li>The two Oceanian members of <a href="/wiki/ASEAN#ASEAN_Plus_Six" title="ASEAN">ASEAN Plus Six</a>: <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /> <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/23px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/35px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/46px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a><a href="#cite_note-Joint_Statement-42">[37]</a></li></ul></li></ul> <table class="wikitable sortable" width="100%" style="font-size:85%;"> <tbody><tr> <th class="unsortable">Flag</th> <th>Country </th> <th>Capital </th> <th>Area (km2) </th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_population" title="List of countries and dependencies by population">Population</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(nominal)" title="List of countries by GDP (nominal)">Nominal GDP</a> (millions of US$)<a href="#cite_note-IMF-43">[38]</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(nominal)_per_capita" title="List of countries by GDP (nominal) per capita">GDP per cap. (Nominal, US$)</a><a href="#cite_note-IMF-43">[38]</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)" title="List of countries by GDP (PPP)">PPP GDP</a> (millions of Int$) <a href="#cite_note-IMF-43">[38]</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)_per_capita" title="List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita">GDP per cap. (PPP, Int$)</a><a href="#cite_note-IMF-43">[38]</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of countries by Human Development Index">HDI</a><a href="#cite_note-44">[39]</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_circulating_currencies" title="List of circulating currencies">Currency</a> </th> <th class="unsortable"><a href="/wiki/Official_language" title="Official language">Official languages</a></th> <th class="unsortable">Leaders </th></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Australia_(converted).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/60px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></a></td> <td>Australia Commonwealth of Australia</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Canberra" title="Canberra">Canberra</a></td> <td align="right">7,692,024</td> <td align="right">25,698,300</td> <td align="right">1,790,348</td> <td align="right">66,589</td> <td align="right">1,791,358</td> <td align="right">66,627</td> <td align="right">0.946</td> <td align="center">Australian dollar ($) (AUD)</td> <td align="center">None (de jure) <a href="/wiki/Australian_English" title="Australian English">English</a> (de facto)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Australia" title="Monarchy of Australia">Monarch</a>: <a href="/wiki/Charles_III" title="Charles III">Charles III</a> <a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_Australia" title="Governor-General of Australia">Governor-General</a>: <a href="/wiki/Sam_Mostyn" title="Sam Mostyn">Sam Mostyn</a> <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Australia" title="Prime Minister of Australia">Prime Minister</a>: <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Albanese" title="Anthony Albanese">Anthony Albanese</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Brunei.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Brunei.svg/30px-Flag_of_Brunei.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Brunei.svg/45px-Flag_of_Brunei.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Brunei.svg/60px-Flag_of_Brunei.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="720" /></a></td> <td>Brunei Brunei Darussalam Negara Brunei Darussalam نڬارا بروني دارالسلام</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bandar_Seri_Begawan" title="Bandar Seri Begawan">Bandar Seri Begawan</a></td> <td align="right">5,765</td> <td align="right">459,500</td> <td align="right">15,510</td> <td align="right">35,111</td> <td align="right">34,249</td> <td align="right">77,534</td> <td align="right">0.836</td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Brunei_dollar" title="Brunei dollar">Brunei dollar</a> ($) (BND)</td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Brunei_Malay" title="Brunei Malay">Malay</a> <a href="/wiki/Brunei_English" title="Brunei English">English</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_Sultans_of_Brunei" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Sultans of Brunei">Monarch</a>: <a href="/wiki/Hassanal_Bolkiah" title="Hassanal Bolkiah">Hassanal Bolkiah</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Cambodia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/60px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="640" /></a></td> <td>Cambodia Kingdom of Cambodia ព្រះរាជាណាចក្រកម្ពុជា Preăh Réachéanachâk Kâmpŭchéa Royaume du Cambodge</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Phnom_Penh" title="Phnom Penh">Phnom Penh</a></td> <td align="right">181,035</td> <td align="right">15,626,444</td> <td align="right">45,150</td> <td align="right">2,628</td> <td align="right">142,392</td> <td align="right">8,287</td> <td align="right">0.600</td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Cambodian_riel" title="Cambodian riel">Cambodian riel</a> (<a href="/wiki/%E1%9F%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="៛">៛</a>) (KHR)</td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Khmer_language" title="Khmer language">Khmer</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_Cambodia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of monarchs of Cambodia">Monarch</a>: <a href="/wiki/Norodom_Sihamoni" title="Norodom Sihamoni">Norodom Sihamoni</a> <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Cambodia" title="Prime Minister of Cambodia">Prime Minister</a>: <a href="/wiki/Hun_Manet" title="Hun Manet">Hun Manet</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/60px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></td> <td>China People's Republic of China 中华人民共和国 Zhōnghuá Rénmín Gònghéguó</td> <td>Beijing</td> <td align="right">9,596,961</td> <td align="right">1,400,050,000</td> <td align="right">18,532,633</td> <td align="right">13,136</td> <td align="right">35,291,015</td> <td align="right">25,015</td> <td align="right">0.788</td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Renminbi" title="Renminbi">Renminbi</a> (Chinese yuan, <a href="/wiki/%C2%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="¥">¥</a>) (CNY)</td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Chinese</a> see also: <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_China" title="Languages of China">Languages of China</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/General_Secretary_of_the_Communist_Party_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="General Secretary of the Communist Party of China">General Secretary</a> and <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="President of the People's Republic of China">President</a>: <a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a> <a href="/wiki/Premier_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Premier of the People's Republic of China">Premier</a>: <a href="/wiki/Li_Qiang" title="Li Qiang">Li Qiang</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Indonesia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/60px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></td> <td>Indonesia Republic of Indonesia Republik Indonesia</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jakarta" title="Jakarta">Jakarta</a></td> <td align="right">1,910,931</td> <td align="right">270,203,917</td> <td align="right">1,475,690</td> <td align="right">5,271</td> <td align="right">4,720,542</td> <td align="right">16,861</td> <td align="right">0.713</td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_rupiah" title="Indonesian rupiah">Indonesian rupiah</a> (Rp) (IDR)</td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_language" title="Indonesian language">Indonesian</a> see also: <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Indonesia" title="Languages of Indonesia">Languages of Indonesia</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/President_of_Indonesia" title="President of Indonesia">President</a>: <a href="/wiki/Prabowo_Subianto" title="Prabowo Subianto">Prabowo Subianto</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Japan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/30px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/60px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></td> <td>Japan 日本国 Nihon-koku</td> <td>Tokyo</td> <td align="right">377,930</td> <td align="right">126,760,000</td> <td align="right">4,110,452</td> <td align="right">33,138</td> <td align="right">6,720,962</td> <td align="right">54,184</td> <td align="right">0.920</td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_yen" title="Japanese yen">Japanese yen</a> (<a href="/wiki/%C2%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="¥">¥</a>) (JPY)</td> <td align="center">None (de jure) Japanese (de facto)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_Japan" title="Emperor of Japan">Monarch</a>: <a href="/wiki/Naruhito" title="Naruhito">Naruhito</a> <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Japan" title="Prime Minister of Japan">Prime Minister</a>: <a href="/wiki/Fumio_Kishida" title="Fumio Kishida">Fumio Kishida</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Laos.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/30px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/45px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/60px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></td> <td>Laos Lao People's Democratic Republic ສາທາລະນະລັດ ປະຊາທິປະໄຕ ປະຊາຊົນລາວ Sathalanalat Paxathipatai Paxaxon Lao République démocratique populaire lao</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vientiane" title="Vientiane">Vientiane</a></td> <td align="right">236,800</td> <td align="right">7,123,205</td> <td align="right">15,190</td> <td align="right">1,976</td> <td align="right">78,713</td> <td align="right">10,242</td> <td align="right">0.620</td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Lao_kip" title="Lao kip">Lao kip</a> (<a href="/wiki/%E2%82%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="₭">₭</a>) (LAK)</td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Lao_language" title="Lao language">Lao</a> <a href="/wiki/French_language_in_Laos" title="French language in Laos">French</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/General_Secretary_of_the_Lao_People%27s_Revolutionary_Party" title="General Secretary of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party">General Secretary</a> and <a href="/wiki/President_of_Laos" title="President of Laos">President</a>: <a href="/wiki/Thongloun_Sisoulith" title="Thongloun Sisoulith">Thongloun Sisoulith</a> <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Laos" title="Prime Minister of Laos">Prime Minister</a>: <a href="/wiki/Sonexay_Siphandone" title="Sonexay Siphandone">Sonexay Siphandone</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Malaysia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/60px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></td> <td>Malaysia مليسيا</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur" title="Kuala Lumpur">Kuala Lumpur</a> <a href="/wiki/Putrajaya" title="Putrajaya">Putrajaya</a> (administrative)</td> <td align="right">330,803</td> <td align="right">32,273,000</td> <td align="right">445,519</td> <td align="right">13,315</td> <td align="right">1,305,942</td> <td align="right">39,030</td> <td align="right">0.807</td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_ringgit" title="Malaysian ringgit">Malaysian ringgit</a> (RM) (MYR)</td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Malaysian language">Malay</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yang_di-Pertuan_Agong" class="mw-redirect" title="Yang di-Pertuan Agong">Monarch</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_Iskandar_of_Johor" title="Ibrahim Iskandar of Johor">Ibrahim</a> <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Malaysia" title="Prime Minister of Malaysia">Prime Minister</a>: <a href="/wiki/Anwar_Ibrahim" title="Anwar Ibrahim">Anwar Ibrahim</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Myanmar.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/30px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/45px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/60px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></td> <td>Myanmar Republic of the Union of Myanmar ပြည်ထောင်စု သမ္မတ မြန်မာနိုင်ငံတော် Pyidaunzu Thanmăda Myăma Nainngandaw</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Naypyidaw" title="Naypyidaw">Naypyidaw</a></td> <td align="right">676,578</td> <td align="right">54,836,000</td> <td align="right">68,006</td> <td align="right">1,248</td> <td align="right">283,572</td> <td align="right">5,203</td> <td align="right">0.608</td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Burmese_kyat" class="mw-redirect" title="Burmese kyat">Burmese kyat</a> (K) (MMK)</td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Burmese_language" title="Burmese language">Burmese</a> see also: <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Myanmar" title="Languages of Myanmar">Languages of Myanmar</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/President_of_Myanmar" title="President of Myanmar">President</a>: <a href="/wiki/Myint_Swe" title="Myint Swe">Myint Swe</a> <a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_State_Administration_Council" title="Chairman of the State Administration Council">Chairman of the State Administration Council</a> and <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Myanmar" title="Prime Minister of Myanmar">Prime Minister</a>: <a href="/wiki/Min_Aung_Hlaing" title="Min Aung Hlaing">Min Aung Hlaing</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/30px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/45px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/60px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></td> <td>New Zealand Aotearoa</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wellington" title="Wellington">Wellington</a></td> <td align="right">270,467</td> <td align="right">4,786,710</td> <td align="right">257,626</td> <td align="right">48,531</td> <td align="right">285,582</td> <td align="right">53,797</td> <td align="right">0.939</td> <td align="center">New Zealand dollar ($) (NZD)</td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_English" title="New Zealand English">English</a> <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_language" title="Māori language">Māori</a> <a href="/wiki/NZ_Sign_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="NZ Sign Language">NZ Sign Language</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_New_Zealand" title="Monarchy of New Zealand">Monarch</a>: <a href="/wiki/Charles_III" title="Charles III">Charles III</a> <a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_New_Zealand" title="Governor-General of New Zealand">Governor-General</a>: <a href="/wiki/Cindy_Kiro" title="Cindy Kiro">Cindy Kiro</a> <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_New_Zealand" title="Prime Minister of New Zealand">Prime Minister</a>: <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Luxon" title="Christopher Luxon">Christopher Luxon</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/60px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></td> <td>Philippines Republic of the Philippines Republika ng Pilipinas</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Manila" title="Manila">Manila</a></td> <td align="right">300,000</td> <td align="right">109,048,269</td> <td align="right">471,516</td> <td align="right">4,130</td> <td align="right">1,391,800</td> <td align="right">12,192</td> <td align="right">0.710</td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Philippine_peso" title="Philippine peso">Philippine peso</a> (<a href="/wiki/%E2%82%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="₱">₱</a>) (PHP)</td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Philippine_English" title="Philippine English">English</a> Filipino see also: <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_Philippines" title="Languages of the Philippines">Languages of the Philippines</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Philippines" title="President of the Philippines">President</a>: <a href="/wiki/Bongbong_Marcos" title="Bongbong Marcos">Bongbong Marcos</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Singapore.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/30px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/45px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/60px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></td> <td>Singapore Republic of Singapore Republik Singapura 新加坡共和国 Xīnjiāpō Gònghéguó சிங்கப்பூர் குடியரசு Ciṅkappūr Kuṭiyaracu</td> <td>Singapore (<a href="/wiki/City-state" title="City-state">city-state</a>)</td> <td align="right">780</td> <td align="right">5,453,600</td> <td align="right">525,230</td> <td align="right">88,447</td> <td align="right">794,179</td> <td align="right">133,737</td> <td align="right">0.949</td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Singapore_dollar" title="Singapore dollar">Singapore dollar</a> ($) (SGD)</td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Singapore_English" title="Singapore English">English</a> <a href="/wiki/Malay_language" title="Malay language">Malay</a> <a href="/wiki/Singaporean_Mandarin" title="Singaporean Mandarin">Standard Chinese</a> <a href="/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/President_of_Singapore" title="President of Singapore">President</a>: <a href="/wiki/Tharman_Shanmugaratnam" title="Tharman Shanmugaratnam">Tharman Shanmugaratnam</a> <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Singapore" title="Prime Minister of Singapore">Prime Minister</a>: <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Wong" title="Lawrence Wong">Lawrence Wong</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_South_Korea.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/30px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/60px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></td> <td>South Korea Republic of Korea 대한민국 大韓民國 Daehan Minguk</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Seoul" title="Seoul">Seoul</a></td> <td align="right">100,210</td> <td align="right">51,709,098</td> <td align="right">1,760,947</td> <td align="right">34,165</td> <td align="right">3,057,995</td> <td align="right">59,330</td> <td align="right">0.929</td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/South_Korean_won" title="South Korean won">South Korean won</a> (<a href="/wiki/%E2%82%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="₩">₩</a>) (KRW)</td> <td align="center">Korean <a href="/wiki/Korean_Sign_Language" title="Korean Sign Language">Korean Sign Language</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/President_of_South_Korea" title="President of South Korea">President</a>: <a href="/wiki/Yoon_Suk-yeol" class="mw-redirect" title="Yoon Suk-yeol">Yoon Suk-yeol</a> <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_South_Korea" title="Prime Minister of South Korea">Prime Minister</a>: <a href="/wiki/Han_Duck-soo" title="Han Duck-soo">Han Duck-soo</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Thailand.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/30px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/45px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/60px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></td> <td>Thailand Kingdom of Thailand ราชอาณาจักรไทย Ratcha-anachak Thai</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok">Bangkok</a></td> <td align="right">513,120</td> <td align="right">68,298,000</td> <td align="right">548,890</td> <td align="right">7,812</td> <td align="right">1,644,322</td> <td align="right">23,401</td> <td align="right">0.803</td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Thai_baht" title="Thai baht">Thai baht</a> (<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="฿">฿</a>) (THB)</td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Thai_language" title="Thai language">Thai</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Thailand" title="Monarchy of Thailand">Monarch</a>: <a href="/wiki/Maha_Vajiralongkorn" class="mw-redirect" title="Maha Vajiralongkorn">Maha Vajiralongkorn</a> <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Thailand" title="Prime Minister of Thailand">Prime Minister</a>: <a href="/wiki/Srettha_Thavisin" title="Srettha Thavisin">Srettha Thavisin</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Vietnam.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/30px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/45px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/60px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></td> <td>Vietnam Socialist Republic of Viet Nam Cộng hòa Xã hội chủ nghĩa Việt Nam</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hanoi" title="Hanoi">Hanoi</a></td> <td align="right">331,699</td> <td align="right">96,208,984</td> <td align="right">465,814</td> <td align="right">4,623</td> <td align="right">1,558,898</td> <td align="right">15,470</td> <td align="right">0.726</td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_%C4%91%E1%BB%93ng" title="Vietnamese đồng">Vietnamese đồng</a> (<a href="/wiki/%E2%82%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="₫">₫</a>) (VND)</td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_language" title="Vietnamese language">Vietnamese</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/President_of_Vietnam" title="President of Vietnam">President</a>: <a href="/wiki/T%C3%B4_L%C3%A2m" title="Tô Lâm">Tô Lâm</a> <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Vietnam" title="Prime Minister of Vietnam">Prime Minister</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ph%E1%BA%A1m_Minh_Ch%C3%ADnh" title="Phạm Minh Chính">Phạm Minh Chính</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ratifications">Ratifications</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Regional_Comprehensive_Economic_Partnership&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Ratifications">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Country </th> <th class="unsortable">Signatory </th> <th>Ratification </th> <th>Effective </th></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /> Australia </td> <td rowspan="15" style="background-color:lightgreen">November 15, 2020 </td> <td style="background-color:lightgreen">November 2, 2021<a href="#cite_note-45">[40]</a> </td> <td style="background-color:lightgreen">January 1, 2022 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Brunei.svg/23px-Flag_of_Brunei.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Brunei.svg/35px-Flag_of_Brunei.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Brunei.svg/46px-Flag_of_Brunei.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="720" /> Brunei </td> <td style="background-color:lightgreen">October 11, 2021<a href="#cite_note-46">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-Burne-47">[42]</a> </td> <td style="background-color:lightgreen">January 1, 2022 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="640" /> Cambodia </td> <td style="background-color:lightgreen">October 15, 2021<a href="#cite_note-Camb2020910-48">[43]</a> </td> <td style="background-color:lightgreen">January 1, 2022 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> China </td> <td style="background-color:lightgreen">April 15, 2021<a href="#cite_note-49">[44]</a> </td> <td style="background-color:lightgreen">January 1, 2022 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> Indonesia </td> <td style="background-color:lightgreen">November 3, 2022<a href="#cite_note-Indonesia-50">[45]</a> </td> <td style="background-color:lightgreen">January 2, 2023 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> Japan </td> <td style="background-color:lightgreen">June 25, 2021<a href="#cite_note-Jpan20210625-51">[46]</a> </td> <td style="background-color:lightgreen">January 1, 2022 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> South Korea </td> <td style="background-color:lightgreen">December 3, 2021<a href="#cite_note-Korea-52">[47]</a> </td> <td style="background-color:lightgreen">February 1, 2022 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/23px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/35px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/45px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> Laos </td> <td style="background-color:lightgreen">October 26, 2021<a href="#cite_note-LAO20211021-53">[48]</a> </td> <td style="background-color:lightgreen">January 1, 2022 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> Malaysia </td> <td style="background-color:lightgreen">January 17, 2022<a href="#cite_note-Malaysia-54">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-55">[50]</a> </td> <td style="background-color:lightgreen">March 18, 2022 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/23px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/35px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/45px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> Myanmar </td> <td style="background-color:yellow">August 4, 2021<a href="#cite_note-Myanmar-56">[51]</a>1 </td> <td style="background-color:yellow">delayed1 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/23px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/35px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/46px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> New Zealand </td> <td style="background-color:lightgreen">November 2, 2021<a href="#cite_note-New_Zealand-57">[52]</a> </td> <td style="background-color:lightgreen">January 1, 2022 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> Philippines </td> <td style="background-color:lightgreen">April 3, 2023<a href="#cite_note-Philippines-58">[53]</a> </td> <td style="background-color:lightgreen">June 2, 2023 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/23px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/35px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/45px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> Singapore </td> <td style="background-color:lightgreen">April 9, 2021<a href="#cite_note-singapre202104-59">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-sg20210409-60">[55]</a> </td> <td style="background-color:lightgreen">January 1, 2022 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/23px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/35px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/45px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> Thailand </td> <td style="background-color:lightgreen">October 28, 2021<a href="#cite_note-thai20211104-61">[56]</a><a href="#cite_note-Thai2020215-62">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-63">[58]</a> </td> <td style="background-color:lightgreen">January 1, 2022 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/23px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/35px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/45px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> Vietnam </td> <td style="background-color:lightgreen">October 29, 2021<a href="#cite_note-thai20211104-61">[56]</a> </td> <td style="background-color:lightgreen">January 1, 2022 </td></tr></tbody></table> 1 There were concerns expressed by the ASEAN Secretariat on the legitimacy of ratification by the then-Burmese parliament. A Thai secretary also pointed that while the Myanmar government have ratified, the Thai government is concerned about the legitimacy of the Myanmar government after the <a href="/wiki/2021_Myanmar_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2021 Myanmar coup d'état">2021 coup d'état</a>, and whether it could meet the five-point agreement with ASEAN. Due to these concerns, Myanmar's ratification book did not show on the ASEAN official website; instead Myanmar trade officials suggest that the other ASEAN members should determine whether they can accept Myanmar's ratification book by themselves, and then announce their decision to the ASEAN Secretariat.<a href="#cite_note-64">[59]</a> Neverless, the China <a href="/wiki/General_Administration_of_Customs" title="General Administration of Customs">General Administration of Customs</a> announced that the RCEP would enter into force between China and Myanmar on 1 May 2022.<a href="#cite_note-65">[60]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Applicants">Applicants</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Regional_Comprehensive_Economic_Partnership&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Applicants">edit</a>]</div> The trade agreement is open for new members 18 months after the partnership came into force. The following countries have applied for accession into the partnership: <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a><a href="#cite_note-66">[61]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/45px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a><a href="#cite_note-67">[62]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a><a href="#cite_note-68">[63]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a>:The Republic of Chile has formally requested accession to the RCEP. Claudia Sanhueza, Undersecretary of International Economic Relations, delivered the request letter to Satvinder Singh, Assistant Secretary General for the ASEAN Economic Community. <a href="#cite_note-69">[64]</a><a href="#cite_note-70">[65]</a></li></ul> Potential applicants: The following countries have been subject to media attention surrounding their potential involvement in the RCEP: <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>: The British <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Affairs_Select_Committee" title="Foreign Affairs Select Committee">Foreign Affairs Committee</a> urged the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Government of the United Kingdom">UK Government</a> to assess membership of the RCEP, as part of the UK's 'Indo-Pacific tilt'.<a href="#cite_note-71">[66]</a><a href="#cite_note-72">[67]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Contents">Contents</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Regional_Comprehensive_Economic_Partnership&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Contents">edit</a>]</div> RCEP aims to lower tariffs, increase investment, and facilitate freer movement of goods around the region.<a href="#cite_note-:Ma&Kang-41">[36]</a>: 176  It includes unified <a href="/wiki/Rules_of_origin" title="Rules of origin">rules of origin</a> throughout the bloc, which may facilitate international supply chains and trade within the region.<a href="#cite_note-NYTimes_China-Led_Trade_Pact-73">[68]</a><a href="#cite_note-FT_Asia-Pacific_countries_sign_one_of_the_largest-74">[69]</a> It also prohibits certain tariffs. It does not focus on labour unions, <a href="/wiki/Environmental_protection" title="Environmental protection">environmental protection</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Government_subsidies" class="mw-redirect" title="Government subsidies">government subsidies</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NYTimes_China-Led_Trade_Pact-73">[68]</a> The RCEP is not as comprehensive as the <a href="/wiki/Comprehensive_and_Progressive_Agreement_for_Trans-Pacific_Partnership" title="Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership">Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership</a>, another free trade agreement in the region that includes some of the same countries.<a href="#cite_note-SCMP_What_is_RCEP-4">[4]</a> The RCEP "does not establish unified standards on labour and the environment, or commit countries to open services and other vulnerable areas of their economies."<a href="#cite_note-ektgam-75">[70]</a> The tariffs schedule just for Japan is 1,334 pages long.<a href="#cite_note-ektgam-75">[70]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Projected_value">Projected value</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Regional_Comprehensive_Economic_Partnership&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Projected value">edit</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2020_RCEP-15%27s_share_of_global_GDP.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/2020_RCEP-15%27s_share_of_global_GDP.svg/480px-2020_RCEP-15%27s_share_of_global_GDP.svg.png" decoding="async" width="480" height="259" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/2020_RCEP-15%27s_share_of_global_GDP.svg/720px-2020_RCEP-15%27s_share_of_global_GDP.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/2020_RCEP-15%27s_share_of_global_GDP.svg/960px-2020_RCEP-15%27s_share_of_global_GDP.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1166" data-file-height="630" /></a><figcaption>2020 RCEP-15's share of global GDP (%)</figcaption></figure> The combined GDP of potential RCEP members surpassed the combined GDP of <a href="/wiki/Trans-Pacific_Partnership" title="Trans-Pacific Partnership">Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP)</a> members in 2007. It was suggested that continued economic growth, particularly in China and Indonesia, could see total GDP in the original RCEP membership grow to over US$100 trillion by 2050, roughly double the project size of TPP economies.<a href="#cite_note-:0-76">[71]</a> On 23 January 2017, President <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> signed a memorandum withdrawing the United States from the TPP, a move which was seen to improve the chances of success for RCEP.<a href="#cite_note-77">[72]</a> According to a 2020 projection, the agreement is expected to enlarge the global economy by US$186 billion.<a href="#cite_note-SCMP_China_declares_victory_as_15_nations_sign-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-FT_Asia-Pacific_countries_sign_one_of_the_largest-74">[69]</a> According to Peter Petri and Michael Plummer of the <a href="/wiki/Brookings_Institution" title="Brookings Institution">Brookings Institution</a>, the RCEP could add $209 billion annually to world incomes, and $500 billion to world trade by 2030, and that "new agreements will make the economies of North and Southeast Asia more efficient, linking their strengths in technology, manufacturing, agriculture, and natural resources."<a href="#cite_note-broo_RCEP_A-19">[16]</a> According to computer simulations in a related paper also by Petri and Plummer published by the <a href="/wiki/Peterson_Institute_for_International_Economics" title="Peterson Institute for International Economics">Peterson Institute for International Economics</a> (PIIE), the RCEP will raise global national incomes in 2030 by an annual $147 billion and $186 billion respectively, "yield especially large benefits for China, Japan, and South Korea and losses for the United States and India, and "will be especially valuable because it strengthens East Asian interdependence, raising trade among members by $428 billion and reducing trade among nonmembers by $48 billion".<a href="#cite_note-PIIE_US_Decouples-20">[17]</a> The simulations in Petri and Plummer's PIIE paper showed that the RCEP and the <a href="/wiki/Comprehensive_and_Progressive_Agreement_for_Trans-Pacific_Partnership" title="Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership">Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership</a> (CPTPP) would together more than offset the global negative economic effects of the China-United States trade war, but not the individual losses of China and the United States. Moreover, the incremental value of the CPTPP will be reduced by the trade war (from $147 billion to $121 billion) while the value of RCEP will be increased (from $186 billion to $209 billion). The PIIE working paper also stated that "RCEP will be economically significant with or without India, and indeed more significant than the CPTPP, with especially important benefits for China, Japan, and Korea" and that "RCEP will reorient trade and economic ties away from global linkages toward regionally focused relationships in East Asia."<a href="#cite_note-PIIE_US_Decouples-20">[17]</a> According to the <a href="/wiki/Asian_Development_Bank" title="Asian Development Bank">Asian Development Bank</a> (ADB), the RCEP is "relatively comprehensive in coverage" and combines existing deals, which brings Asia a step closer to a region-wide trading bloc. The agreement further liberalises goods and services trade, establishes common rules of origin for all goods traded, establishes commitments regarding government procurement, and aims to establish open and competitive markets. Though the degree of liberalisation within RCEP is not as deep as in the CPTPP, RCEP members are projected to gain $174 billion in real income by 2030, equivalent to 0.4% of the members' aggregate GDP. China, Korea and Japan will benefit the most, with likely gains of $85 billion for China, $48 billion for Japan, and $23 billion for Korea. Other significant RCEP gains will accrue to Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, and Vietnam.<a href="#cite_note-ADB_contribution-21">[18]</a> Due to their RCEP membership, Japan and Korea would accrue gains amounting to 1% of their GDP while Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam and Brunei would all accrue gains of 0.5% of GDP or higher.<a href="#cite_note-Bangkok_Post_trade-22">[19]</a> New Zealand's <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_and_Trade_(New_Zealand)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade (New Zealand)">Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade</a> stated that the RCEP is projected to add $186 billion to the world economy and increase New Zealand's GDP by around $2.0 billion. The RCEP members took 56% of New Zealand's total exports, representing 61% of New Zealand's goods exports (worth $36.6 billion) and 45% of New Zealand's services exports (worth $11.8 billion). According to the ministry, "RCEP delivers improved market access for New Zealand services exporters and investors in some RCEP markets that go beyond existing FTAs. Under RCEP, New Zealand services exporters and investors will, for the first time, benefit from market access commitments from China and ASEAN countries that are not party to the CPTPP".<a href="#cite_note-NZ_MFAT-78">[73]</a> Following the signing of the RCEP, New Zealand and China signed a deal to further expand their existing free-trade agreement. The expanded deal provides for tariffs to be either removed or cut on many of New Zealand's mostly commodities-based exports, ranging from dairy to timber and seafood, while compliance costs will also be reduced. The deal also opens up sectors such as aviation, education and finance.<a href="#cite_note-China-NZ_expand-79">[74]</a> <a href="/wiki/Huang_Qifan" title="Huang Qifan">Huang Qifan</a>, former mayor of <a href="/wiki/Chongqing" title="Chongqing">Chongqing</a>, stated that with the implementation of RCEP, China and RCEP countries will form an increasingly close industrial chain and <a href="/wiki/Supply_chain" title="Supply chain">supply chain</a> connection, and in the future, there will be a variety of <a href="/wiki/Production_(economics)" title="Production (economics)">production</a> and <a href="/wiki/Marketing" title="Marketing">marketing</a> models such as "in China, for China", "in China, for RCEP", "in RCEP, for the world". At that time, China's large <a href="/wiki/Market_(economics)" title="Market (economics)">market</a> superimposed RCEP large market, China's <a href="/wiki/Dual_circulation" title="Dual circulation">dual circulation</a> superimposed RCEP great circulation, "will profoundly change the world industrial chain supply chain layout".<a href="#cite_note-80">[75]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Regional_Comprehensive_Economic_Partnership&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2018_RCEP-15_BoP_-_Net_trade_in_goods_and_services,_in_billions_of_U.S._dollars.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/2018_RCEP-15_BoP_-_Net_trade_in_goods_and_services%2C_in_billions_of_U.S._dollars.svg/460px-2018_RCEP-15_BoP_-_Net_trade_in_goods_and_services%2C_in_billions_of_U.S._dollars.svg.png" decoding="async" width="460" height="376" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/2018_RCEP-15_BoP_-_Net_trade_in_goods_and_services%2C_in_billions_of_U.S._dollars.svg/690px-2018_RCEP-15_BoP_-_Net_trade_in_goods_and_services%2C_in_billions_of_U.S._dollars.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/2018_RCEP-15_BoP_-_Net_trade_in_goods_and_services%2C_in_billions_of_U.S._dollars.svg/920px-2018_RCEP-15_BoP_-_Net_trade_in_goods_and_services%2C_in_billions_of_U.S._dollars.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1058" data-file-height="865" /></a><figcaption>2018 RCEP-15 trade balances, in billions of U.S. dollars</figcaption></figure> 2011 <ul><li>August 2011, East Asia Summit Economic Ministers welcomed a Chinese and Japanese joint 'Initiative on Speeding up the Establishment of EAFTA and CEPEA'.<a href="#cite_note-81">[76]</a></li> <li>During the 19th ASEAN Summit held 14–19 November 2011 in <a href="/wiki/Bali" title="Bali">Bali</a>, Indonesia, the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) was introduced.<a href="#cite_note-asean19-82">[77]</a></li></ul> 2012 <ul><li>The 44th ASEAN Economic Ministers (AEM) Meeting and Related Meetings were held in Siem Reap, Cambodia, 25 August – 1 September 2012.<a href="#cite_note-83">[78]</a></li> <li>Leaders at the 21st ASEAN Summit held 18–20 November 2012 in Phnom Penh, Cambodia endorsed the framework of RCEP and announced the launch of their negotiations.<a href="#cite_note-Announcement-84">[79]</a></li></ul> 2013 <ul><li>The first round of RCEP negotiation was held on 9–13 May 2013 in Brunei.<a href="#cite_note-Joint_Statement-42">[37]</a></li> <li>The second round of RCEP negotiation was held on 23–27 September 2013 in Brisbane, Australia.<a href="#cite_note-85">[80]</a></li></ul> 2014 <ul><li>The third round of RCEP negotiation was held on 20–24 January 2014 in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.<a href="#cite_note-86">[81]</a></li> <li>The fourth round of RCEP negotiation was held on 31 March – 4 April 2014 in <a href="/wiki/Nanning" title="Nanning">Nanning</a>, China.<a href="#cite_note-87">[82]</a></li> <li>The fifth round of RCEP negotiation was held on 21–27 June 2014 in Singapore.<a href="#cite_note-88">[83]</a></li> <li>The sixth round of RCEP negotiation and related meetings was held on 1–5 December 2014 in New Delhi, India.<a href="#cite_note-89">[84]</a></li></ul> 2015 <ul><li>The seventh round of RCEP negotiation was held on 9–13 February 2015 in Bangkok, Thailand. An expert group on electronic commerce met during this round. The Asian Trade Centre (based in Singapore) submitted a proposal regarding an e-Commerce chapter and gave a presentation on the paper.<a href="#cite_note-90">[85]</a></li> <li>The eighth round of RCEP negotiation was held on 5–13 June 2015 in Kyoto, Japan.<a href="#cite_note-91">[86]</a></li> <li>The ninth round of RCEP negotiation was held on 3–7 August 2015 in Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar.<a href="#cite_note-92">[87]</a></li> <li>The tenth round of RCEP negotiation was held on 12–16 October 2015 in Busan, South Korea. The meetings took place at BEXCO (Busan's Convention and Exhibition Centre). This round included the first region wide stakeholder meeting (organised by the Singapore-based Asian Trade Centre) which involved an informal meeting between government officials and business representatives over lunch followed by an afternoon seminar focused on what RCEP can do to help business operate in the e-Commerce space.<a href="#cite_note-93">[88]</a></li></ul> 2016 <ul><li>The eleventh round of RCEP negotiation was held on 14–19 February 2016 in Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei.<a href="#cite_note-94">[89]</a></li> <li>The twelfth round of negotiation of RCEP was held on 17–29 April 2016 in Perth, Australia.<a href="#cite_note-95">[90]</a></li> <li>The thirteenth round of RCEP negotiation was held on 12–18 June 2016 in Auckland, New Zealand.<a href="#cite_note-96">[91]</a></li> <li>The fourteenth round of RCEP negotiation was held on 15–18 August 2016 in Vietnam.<a href="#cite_note-97">[92]</a></li> <li>The fifteenth round of RCEP negotiation was held on 11–22 October 2016 in Tianjin, China.<a href="#cite_note-98">[93]</a></li> <li>The sixteenth round of negotiations of RCEP was held on 6–10 December 2016 in Tangerang, Indonesia.<a href="#cite_note-99">[94]</a></li></ul> 2017 <ul><li>The seventeenth round of negotiations of RCEP was held on 27 February – 3 March 2017 in Kobe, Japan.<a href="#cite_note-100">[95]</a></li> <li>The eighteenth round of RCEP negotiation was held on 8–12 May 2017 in Manila, Philippines.<a href="#cite_note-101">[96]</a></li> <li>The nineteenth round of RCEP negotiation was held on 24–28 July 2017 in Hyderabad, India.<a href="#cite_note-102">[97]</a></li> <li>The twentieth round of RCEP negotiation was held on 17–28 October 2017 in Incheon, Korea.<a href="#cite_note-103">[98]</a></li> <li>The first RCEP summit was held on 14 November 2017 in Manila, Philippines.<a href="#cite_note-auto-104">[99]</a><a href="#cite_note-105">[100]</a></li></ul> 2018 <ul><li>The twenty-first round of RCEP negotiation was held on 2–9 February 2018 in Yogyakarta, Indonesia.<a href="#cite_note-106">[101]</a></li> <li>The twenty-second round of RCEP negotiation was held on 28 April – 8 May 2018 in Singapore.<a href="#cite_note-107">[102]</a></li> <li>The twenty-third round of RCEP negotiation was held on 17–27 July 2018 in Bangkok, Thailand.<a href="#cite_note-108">[103]</a></li> <li>August–October 2018, a series of ministerial meeting in Singapore and Auckland.<a href="#cite_note-109">[104]</a></li> <li>The twenty-fourth round of RCEP negotiation was held on 18–27 October 2018 in Auckland, New Zealand.<a href="#cite_note-110">[105]</a></li> <li>14 November 2018, a leaders' summit in Singapore was scheduled.<a href="#cite_note-111">[106]</a><a href="#cite_note-auto1-112">[107]</a></li></ul> 2019 <ul><li>The twenty-fifth round of RCEP negotiations was held from 19 to 28 February in Bali, Indonesia.<a href="#cite_note-113">[108]</a></li> <li>2 March 2019, a ministerial meeting of RCEP trade ministers held in Cambodia. The ministers agreed to intensify engagement for the remainder of the year (including by convening more inter-sessional meetings).<a href="#cite_note-114">[109]</a></li> <li>Senior officials held inter-sessional meetings starting 24 May 2019 in Bangkok, Thailand to iron out issues pertaining to the goods and services sector.<a href="#cite_note-115">[110]</a></li> <li>The twenty-sixth round of RCEP negotiations was held on 3 July 2019 in Melbourne, Australia.<a href="#cite_note-116">[111]</a></li> <li>The twenty-seventh round of RCEP negotiations was held in Zhengzhou, China from 22 to 31 July 2019.<a href="#cite_note-117">[112]</a></li> <li>2–3 August 2019, a ministerial meeting of RCEP trade ministers was held in Beijing, China.<a href="#cite_note-118">[113]</a></li> <li>3rd RCEP summit was held once again on 31 October – 3 November 2019 in Thailand with 35th ASEAN summit on same day.</li> <li>The twenty-eighth round of RCEP negotiations was held in Danang, Vietnam from 19 to 27 September 2019.<a href="#cite_note-119">[114]</a></li> <li>India opts out of RCEP on 4 November 2019 in ASEAN+3 summit, citing, according to its view, the adverse effect the deal would have on its citizens.<a href="#cite_note-120">[115]</a> In light of India's departure, Japan and China called on India to rejoin the partnership.<a href="#cite_note-121">[116]</a><a href="#cite_note-122">[117]</a></li></ul> 2020 <ul><li>The twenty-ninth round of RCEP negotiations was held from 20 to 24 April 2020 as a video conference, due to the current situation regarding COVID-19.<a href="#cite_note-123">[118]</a></li> <li>On 30 April 2020, Joint Statement of the 29th RCEP Trade Committee (RCEP TNC) Meeting was issued.<a href="#cite_note-124">[119]</a></li> <li>The thirtieth round of RCEP negotiations was held from 15 to 20 May 2020 as a video conference, due to the current situation regarding COVID-19 disease.<a href="#cite_note-125">[120]</a></li> <li>The tenth RCEP Inter-sessional Ministerial Meeting held in the form of a video conference on 23 June 2020.<a href="#cite_note-126">[121]</a> The officials reiterated their determination to sign the RCEP at the fourth RCEP Summit in November.</li> <li>The thirty-first round of RCEP negotiation was held on 9 July 2020 as a video conference, due to the current situation regarding COVID-19 disease.<a href="#cite_note-127">[122]</a></li> <li>The Eighth Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) Ministerial Meeting was held on 27 August 2020 as a video conference, due to the current situation regarding COVID-19 disease.<a href="#cite_note-128">[123]</a> The Ministers issued a Joint Media Statement welcoming the progress made towards finalising the Agreement for signature.<a href="#cite_note-129">[124]</a></li> <li>The Eleventh RCEP Inter-sessional Ministerial Meeting held in the form of a video conference on 14 October 2020.<a href="#cite_note-130">[125]</a></li> <li>Preparatory RCEP Ministerial Meeting held in the form of a video conference on 11 November 2020.<a href="#cite_note-131">[126]</a></li> <li>The RCEP was signed on 15 November 2020,<a href="#cite_note-Sign1-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-Sign2-9">[9]</a> in an unusual ceremony that saw the 15 member countries participate by video link due to the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NYTimes_China-Led_Trade_Pact-73">[68]</a></li></ul> 2021 <ul><li>On 9 April 2021, Singapore ratified RCEP agreement and deposited its instrument of ratification with the Secretary-General of ASEAN. Singapore is the first RCEP Participating Country (RPC) to complete the official ratification process.<a href="#cite_note-sg202104-132">[127]</a></li> <li>On 15 April 2021, China deposited the instrument of ratification with the ASEAN secretary-general, marking the completion of the ratification process for the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) Agreement.<a href="#cite_note-133">[128]</a></li> <li>On 25 June 2021, Japan deposited the instrument of acceptance of the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement with the depositary, the Secretary-General of ASEAN.<a href="#cite_note-Jpan20210625-51">[46]</a></li> <li>On 11 October 2021, Brunei Darussalam ratified the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) agreement upon depositing its instrument of ratification with the Secretary-General of ASEAN.<a href="#cite_note-Burne-47">[42]</a></li> <li>On 15 October 2021, Cambodia ratified the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) agreement upon depositing its instrument of ratification with the Secretary-General of ASEAN.<a href="#cite_note-Camb2020910-48">[43]</a></li> <li>On 28 October 2021, the Permanent Mission of Thailand to ASEAN deposited the Instrument of Ratification of the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) Agreement with the Secretary-General of ASEAN.<a href="#cite_note-Thai2020215-62">[57]</a></li> <li>On 29 October 2021, Vietnam ratified the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) agreement upon depositing its instrument of ratification with the Secretary-General of ASEAN.<a href="#cite_note-thai20211104-61">[56]</a></li> <li>On 2 November 2021, Australia and New Zealand deposited the instruments of ratification with the Secretary-General of ASEAN.<a href="#cite_note-aus_nz-11">[11]</a></li> <li>On 3 December 2021, Republic of Korea ratified the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) agreement upon depositing its instrument of ratification with the Secretary-General of ASEAN.<a href="#cite_note-Korea-52">[47]</a></li></ul> 2022 <ul><li>On 1 January 2022, the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) agreement took effect for the first ten ratifying countries.<a href="#cite_note-aus_nz-11">[11]</a></li> <li>On 17 January 2022, Malaysia ratified the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) agreement upon depositing its instrument of ratification with the Secretary-General of ASEAN.<a href="#cite_note-Malaysia-54">[49]</a></li> <li>On 1 February 2022, the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) agreement took effect for Republic of Korea.<a href="#cite_note-Korea-52">[47]</a></li> <li>On 21 February 2022, Brian Lo, the Director General of <a href="/wiki/Trade_and_Industry_Department" title="Trade and Industry Department">Trade and Industry</a> said that Hong Kong has submitted an application to join Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership agreement.<a href="#cite_note-134">[129]</a></li> <li>On 18 March 2022, the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) agreement took effect for Malaysia.<a href="#cite_note-Malaysia-54">[49]</a></li> <li>On 1 May 2022, the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) agreement took effect between China and Myanmar.<a href="#cite_note-135">[130]</a></li> <li>On 3 November 2022, Indonesia ratified the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) agreement upon depositing its instrument of ratification with the Secretary-General of ASEAN.<a href="#cite_note-Indonesia-50">[45]</a></li></ul> 2023 <ul><li>On 2 January 2023, the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) agreement took effect for Indonesia.<a href="#cite_note-Indonesia-50">[45]</a></li> <li>On 3 April 2023, Philippines ratified the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) agreement upon depositing its instrument of ratification with the Secretary-General of ASEAN.<a href="#cite_note-Philippines-58">[53]</a></li> <li>On 2 June 2023, the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) agreement took effect for Philippines.<a href="#cite_note-Philippines-58">[53]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reactions">Reactions</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Regional_Comprehensive_Economic_Partnership&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Reactions">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Positive">Positive</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Regional_Comprehensive_Economic_Partnership&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Positive">edit</a>]</div> When the RCEP was signed, Chinese premier <a href="/wiki/Li_Keqiang" title="Li Keqiang">Li Keqiang</a> declared it "a victory of multilateralism and free trade".<a href="#cite_note-SCMP_China_declares_victory_as_15_nations_sign-6">[6]</a> Singaporean prime minister <a href="/wiki/Lee_Hsien_Loong" title="Lee Hsien Loong">Lee Hsien Loong</a> called it "a major step forward for our region" and a sign of support for free trade and economic interdependence.<a href="#cite_note-FT_Asia-Pacific_countries_sign_one_of_the_largest-74">[69]</a> Vietnamese prime minister <a href="/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_Xu%C3%A2n_Ph%C3%BAc" title="Nguyễn Xuân Phúc">Nguyễn Xuân Phúc</a> said the RCEP will be conducive to economic recovery and bring prosperity to enterprises and people in all countries concerned.<a href="#cite_note-136">[131]</a> Cambodian Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Hun_Sen" title="Hun Sen">Hun Sen</a> stated that the RCEP has great potential to address major challenges as well as has a crucial role in maintaining <a href="/wiki/Prosperity" title="Prosperity">prosperity</a> and <a href="/wiki/Political_stability" title="Political stability">political stability</a> in the region.<a href="#cite_note-137">[132]</a> Several analysts[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch">according to whom?</a>] predicted that it would help stimulate the economies of signatory states amid the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a>, as well as "pull the economic centre of gravity back towards Asia, with China poised to take the lead in writing trade rules for the region", leaving the U.S. behind in economic and political affairs.<a href="#cite_note-SCMP_China_declares_victory_as_15_nations_sign-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-USDecline-17">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-TimeUS-18">[15]</a> <a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Azmin_Ali" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohamed Azmin Ali">Mohamed Azmin Ali</a>, Minister of International Trade and Industry of Malaysia, said the RCEP would encourage local businesses to enter global markets and would increase Malaysia's exports. He stated that RCEP signatories would enjoy preferential treatment due to the removal of tariff and non-tariff trade barriers.<a href="#cite_note-malaysianreserve_global-24">[21]</a> <a href="/wiki/Joko_Widodo" title="Joko Widodo">Joko Widodo</a>, President of Indonesia, stated that the signing of the RCEP was a historic day that signalled Indonesia's strong commitment to multilateralism. <a href="/wiki/Agus_Suparmanto" title="Agus Suparmanto">Agus Suparmanto</a>, Indonesian Minister of Trade, said that the RCEP could boost Indonesia's exports to signatory countries by 8-11% and boost investment into Indonesia by 18-22%, and expressed confidence that the trade pact would benefit Indonesian business.<a href="#cite_note-jakartaglobe_benefits-23">[20]</a> <a href="/wiki/Hiroaki_Nakanishi" title="Hiroaki Nakanishi">Hiroaki Nakanishi</a>, Chairman of the <a href="/wiki/Japan_Business_Federation" title="Japan Business Federation">Japan Business Federation</a>, said the RCEP will help expand trade and investment in the region, and will bring further prosperity and stability, which is very important for achieving a free and open international economic order.<a href="#cite_note-138">[133]</a> <a href="/wiki/Moon_Jae-in" title="Moon Jae-in">Moon Jae-in</a>, the <a href="/wiki/President_of_South_Korea" title="President of South Korea">President of South Korea</a>, praised the RCEP as an unprecedented mega regional trading agreement and expressed confidence that it will "contribute to the recovery of multilateralism and the development of free trade around the world, beyond the region". Moon also stated that he expects the RCEP to open the world's biggest e-commerce market.<a href="#cite_note-Korea_herald_moon_sign-25">[22]</a> The Korean Chamber of Commerce and Industry welcomed the conclusion of the RCEP, expecting that it would "expand a new free trade bloc and serve as the basis for revitalizing the Asia-Pacific regional economic markets". The RCEP will benefit Korean companies by removing tariffs on several Korean imports in signatory states, especially in steel, automobiles and electronics.<a href="#cite_note-Korea_herald_firms_benefit-26">[23]</a> <a href="/wiki/Kishore_Mahbubani" title="Kishore Mahbubani">Kishore Mahbubani</a>, Singapore's former permanent representative to the United Nations and former President of the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council" title="United Nations Security Council">United Nations Security Council</a>, stated that the "future of Asia will be written in four letters, RCEP" and that India did a major geopolitical favour to China by withdrawing from the RCEP, just as the United States did by withdrawing from the CPTPP. Mahbubani added that with India and the United States absent, "a massive economic ecosystem centered on China is evolving in the region".<a href="#cite_note-mahbubani_fp-139">[134]</a> According to Peter Petri and Michael Plummer at the <a href="/wiki/Brookings_Institution" title="Brookings Institution">Brookings Institution</a>, the agreement represented "a triumph of ASEAN's middle-power diplomacy" and would lead to significant increases in world incomes and trade by 2030, even though it "says nothing at all about labor, the environment, or state-owned enterprises". They added, "However, ASEAN-centered trade agreements tend to improve over time."<a href="#cite_note-broo_RCEP_A-19">[16]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Criticism">Criticism</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Regional_Comprehensive_Economic_Partnership&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Criticism">edit</a>]</div> In 2016, the <a href="/wiki/Electronic_Frontier_Foundation" title="Electronic Frontier Foundation">Electronic Frontier Foundation</a> described the first draft of RCEP's intellectual property provisions as containing "quite simply the worst provisions on copyright ever seen in a trade agreement." They praised the second draft for removing some of the most problematic provisions similar to the ones in the Trans-Pacific Partnership, but described as unnecessary the new <a href="/wiki/Broadcasting_rights" title="Broadcasting rights">broadcasting rights</a> provision, which gives broadcasters exclusive control over content that has been broadcast, even if they do not hold any copyright in said content. They wrote that a prohibition on reproduction of broadcast content was "such an extreme proposal that it is currently considered off the table" in the proposed <a href="/w/index.php?title=Protection_of_Broadcasts_and_Broadcasting_Organisations_Treaty&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Protection of Broadcasts and Broadcasting Organisations Treaty (page does not exist)">Protection of Broadcasts and Broadcasting Organisations Treaty</a>.<a href="#cite_note-EFF-28">[24]</a> India pulled out of the deal in November 2019, primarily due to concerns of dumping of manufactured goods from China and agricultural and dairy products from Australia and New Zealand, potentially affecting its own domestic industrial and farming sectors.<a href="#cite_note-indi_India_decides-29">[25]</a> Due to India's withdrawal, there are concerns that China may dominate RCEP.<a href="#cite_note-FT_Asia-Pacific_countries_sign_one_of_the_largest-74">[69]</a> ASEAN leaders stated that India was welcome to return and join the bloc. Any other state may join RCEP 18 months after it comes into force.<a href="#cite_note-140">[135]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a> reported in November 2019 that the tariff-related liberalisations from RCEP would be modest, calling it a "<a href="/wiki/Paper_tiger" title="Paper tiger">paper tiger</a>". A comprehensive study into the deal shows that it would add just 0.08% to China's 2030 GDP without India's participation.<a href="#cite_note-wsj._Asias_Huge-35">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-Mahadevan_Nugroho_pp._3148–3167-36">[32]</a> Human rights groups said RCEP could negatively affect small farmers, lead to more land conflicts, and make workers in poorer countries worse off. Rashmi Banga, a senior economist at <a href="/wiki/UNCTAD" class="mw-redirect" title="UNCTAD">UNCTAD</a>, said that implementing RCEP at a time of crisis will make poorer coumtries in Southeast Asia even more vulnerable, adding, "Most Asean nations will see rising imports and declining exports. That will worsen their balance of trade and weaken their fiscal position."<a href="#cite_note-reut_Fears_world's-39">[35]</a> Former <a href="/wiki/Australian_prime_minister" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian prime minister">Australian prime minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Malcolm_Turnbull" title="Malcolm Turnbull">Malcolm Turnbull</a> said that despite the "hoopla", the RCEP was "a really low-ambition trade deal that we shouldn't kid ourselves on", adding, "It's a very old fashioned trade deal. It's low ambition. It's been affected largely for strategic reasons."<a href="#cite_note-bbc_What_is-30">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-scmp_China-Australia-141">[136]</a> <a href="/wiki/CNBC" title="CNBC">CNBC</a> reported that the economic benefits from RCEP would be modest and could take years to materialise, with analysts from <a href="/wiki/Citigroup" title="Citigroup">Citi</a> suggesting that RCEP was "a coup for China" non-economically. The Citi report also said that India is one of the biggest losers from RCEP, adding, "exclusion will likely make India less attractive as an alternative production base versus ASEAN."<a href="#cite_note-cnbc_A_coup-34">[30]</a> Indian external affairs minister <a href="/wiki/Subrahmanyam_Jaishankar" class="mw-redirect" title="Subrahmanyam Jaishankar">Subrahmanyam Jaishankar</a> said it is not in India's interest to join the RCEP, as the trade deal would have "fairly immediate negative consequences" for India's economy.<a href="#cite_note-hind_RCEP_would-142">[137]</a><a href="#cite_note-econ_India_pulled-143">[138]</a> Zia Haq, associate editor at <a href="/wiki/Hindustan_Times" title="Hindustan Times">Hindustan Times</a>, said India has "rightly shunned" the RCEP because at the moment it cannot take advantage of free-trade agreements. He went on to say, "India fears the RCEP will also limit its policy-making room in areas such as foreign investment." He said that according to some analysts, there will be limited gains from the RCEP without India, which is Asia's third-largest economy.<a href="#cite_note-hind_India_has-37">[33]</a> Yen Huai-shing, deputy director at the <a href="/wiki/Chung-Hua_Institution_for_Economic_Research" title="Chung-Hua Institution for Economic Research">Chung-Hua Institution for Economic Research</a>, wrote on <a href="/wiki/Taipei_Times" title="Taipei Times">Taipei Times</a> that the RCEP is "not to have a strong impact" on Taiwan. She said that most observers did not expect the RCEP to provide a high degree of openness, and that it provides no <a href="/wiki/Dispute_resolution" title="Dispute resolution">dispute settlement</a> mechanism when handling certain trade issues such as <a href="/wiki/Meat_inspection" title="Meat inspection">meat inspection</a> regulations, adding, "In other words, they are more symbolic than binding."<a href="#cite_note-taip_RCEP_not-31">[27]</a> According to Patricia Ranald at the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Institute_of_International_Affairs" title="Australian Institute of International Affairs">Australian Institute of International Affairs</a>, RCEP has limited gains from trade and ignores labour, human rights, and environmental sustainability issues. She said, "Despite claims about the benefits of common standards, the RCEP has no commitments to internationally recognised labour rights and environmental standards which Australia and other RCEP governments have endorsed through the United Nations and the <a href="/wiki/International_Labour_Organization" title="International Labour Organization">International Labour Organization</a>."<a href="#cite_note-inte_RCEP_Has-38">[34]</a> <a href="/wiki/Salvatore_Babones" title="Salvatore Babones">Salvatore Babones</a> commented on <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Policy" title="Foreign Policy">Foreign Policy</a> that, by 2030, the world's economy would be expected to grow around 40% and the RCEP may add 0.2% to it, the scale of a "rounding error". He said that some main exports to China, such as Japan's machinery and Australia's iron ore, are already tariff-free. Babones said that with the signing of RCEP, "China may score propaganda points by posing as the guardian of the international system, but the system itself is increasingly bypassing China."<a href="#cite_note-fore_Cutting_Through-32">[28]</a> Some analysts and economists said the RCEP is unlikely to benefit its developing member countries in the short term. Kate Lappin, Asia Pacific regional secretary at <a href="/wiki/Public_Services_International" title="Public Services International">Public Services International</a>, said that the pact has no provisions for improving labour rights, adding, "The agreement might not be good for governments and workers, but still deliver profits for foreign investors."<a href="#cite_note-reut_RCEP_unlikely-33">[29]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Regional_Comprehensive_Economic_Partnership&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comprehensive_Economic_Partnership_for_East_Asia" title="Comprehensive Economic Partnership for East Asia">Comprehensive Economic Partnership for East Asia</a> (CEPEA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comprehensive_and_Progressive_Agreement_for_Trans-Pacific_Partnership" title="Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership">Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership</a> (CPTPP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_values" title="Asian values">Asian values</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_Community" title="East Asian Community">East Asian Community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asia_Summit" title="East Asia Summit">East Asia Summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free-trade_area" class="mw-redirect" title="Free-trade area">Free-trade area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FTAAP" class="mw-redirect" title="FTAAP">Free Trade Area of the Asia-Pacific</a> (FTAAP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_access" title="Market access">Market access</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Asianism" title="Pan-Asianism">Pan-Asianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Asian_Free_Trade_Area" title="South Asian Free Trade Area">South Asian Free Trade Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trans-Pacific_Partnership" title="Trans-Pacific Partnership">Trans-Pacific Partnership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Pacific_Economic_Framework" title="Indo-Pacific Economic Framework">Indo-Pacific Economic Framework</a> (IPEF)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Craiova_Group" title="Craiova Group">Craiova Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Balkan" title="Open Balkan">Open Balkan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_European_Free_Trade_Agreement" title="Central European Free Trade Agreement">CEFTA</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Regional_Comprehensive_Economic_Partnership&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> Australia, Brunei, Japan, New Zealand, Singapore and South Korea </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> China, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Thailand and Vietnam </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> Cambodia, Laos and Myanmar </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> See references<a href="#cite_note-SCMP_China_declares_victory_as_15_nations_sign-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-USDecline-17">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-TimeUS-18">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-broo_RCEP_A-19">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-PIIE_US_Decouples-20">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-ADB_contribution-21">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-Bangkok_Post_trade-22">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-jakartaglobe_benefits-23">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-malaysianreserve_global-24">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-Korea_herald_moon_sign-25">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-Korea_herald_firms_benefit-26">[23]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> See references<a href="#cite_note-EFF-28">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-indi_India_decides-29">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-bbc_What_is-30">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-taip_RCEP_not-31">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-fore_Cutting_Through-32">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-reut_RCEP_unlikely-33">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-cnbc_A_coup-34">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-wsj._Asias_Huge-35">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-Mahadevan_Nugroho_pp._3148–3167-36">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-hind_India_has-37">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-inte_RCEP_Has-38">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-reut_Fears_world's-39">[35]</a> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Regional_Comprehensive_Economic_Partnership&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-finprov-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-finprov_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-finprov_1-1">b</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output 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Retrieved 15 November 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=commerce.nic.in&rft.atitle=Department+of+commerce&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcommerce.nic.in%2FMOC%2Fpress_release.asp%3Fid%3D3134&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARegional+Comprehensive+Economic+Partnership" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mofa.go.jp/press/release/press4e_000614.html">"Seventh Round of Negotiations for Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) to be held in Thailand"</a>. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan. 5 February 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201115174517/https://www.mofa.go.jp/press/release/press4e_000614.html">Archived</a> from the original on 15 November 2020. Retrieved 27 August 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ministry+of+Foreign+Affairs+of+Japan&rft.atitle=Seventh+Round+of+Negotiations+for+Regional+Comprehensive+Economic+Partnership+%28RCEP%29+to+be+held+in+Thailand&rft.date=2015-02-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mofa.go.jp%2Fpress%2Frelease%2Fpress4e_000614.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARegional+Comprehensive+Economic+Partnership" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mofa.go.jp/press/release/press4e_000767.html">"Eighth Round of Negotiations for Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) to be held in Kyoto"</a>. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan. 4 June 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201115174455/https://www.mofa.go.jp/press/release/press4e_000767.html">Archived</a> from the original on 15 November 2020. 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Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan. 30 July 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201115174522/https://www.mofa.go.jp/press/release/press4e_000821.html">Archived</a> from the original on 15 November 2020. Retrieved 27 August 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ministry+of+Foreign+Affairs+of+Japan&rft.atitle=Ninth+Round+of+Negotiations+for+Regional+Comprehensive+Economic+Partnership+%28RCEP%29+to+be+held+in+Myanmar&rft.date=2015-07-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mofa.go.jp%2Fpress%2Frelease%2Fpress4e_000821.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARegional+Comprehensive+Economic+Partnership" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mofa.go.jp/press/release/press4e_000881.html">"Tenth Round of Negotiations for Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) to be held in Korea"</a>. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan. 8 October 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201115174604/https://www.mofa.go.jp/press/release/press4e_000881.html">Archived</a> from the original on 15 November 2020. Retrieved 27 August 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ministry+of+Foreign+Affairs+of+Japan&rft.atitle=Tenth+Round+of+Negotiations+for+Regional+Comprehensive+Economic+Partnership+%28RCEP%29+to+be+held+in+Korea&rft.date=2015-10-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mofa.go.jp%2Fpress%2Frelease%2Fpress4e_000881.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARegional+Comprehensive+Economic+Partnership" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fta.mofcom.gov.cn/enarticle/rcepen/enrcepnews/201603/30820_1.html">"China FTA Network"</a>. fta.mofcom.gov.cn. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201115174524/http://fta.mofcom.gov.cn/enarticle/rcepen/enrcepnews/201603/30820_1.html">Archived</a> from the original on 15 November 2020. Retrieved 15 November 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=fta.mofcom.gov.cn&rft.atitle=China+FTA+Network&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffta.mofcom.gov.cn%2Fenarticle%2Frcepen%2Fenrcepnews%2F201603%2F30820_1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARegional+Comprehensive+Economic+Partnership" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.mofcom.gov.cn/article/newsrelease/significantnews/201605/20160501312566.shtml">"The 12th Round of Negotiation of Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) Held in Perth"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201115174601/http://english.mofcom.gov.cn/article/newsrelease/significantnews/201605/20160501312566.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on 15 November 2020. 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Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan. 8 June 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201115174524/https://www.mofa.go.jp/press/release/press4e_001174.html">Archived</a> from the original on 15 November 2020. 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Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan. 10 August 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201115174603/https://www.mofa.go.jp/press/release/press4e_001238.html">Archived</a> from the original on 15 November 2020. 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Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan. 22 February 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201115174525/https://www.mofa.go.jp/press/release/press4e_001485.html">Archived</a> from the original on 15 November 2020. 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Retrieved 15 November 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Straits+Times&rft.atitle=Now+push+RCEP%2C+Abe-san&rft.date=2017-11-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.straitstimes.com%2Fopinion%2Fnow-push-rcep-abe-san&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARegional+Comprehensive+Economic+Partnership" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mofa.go.jp/press/release/press4e_001883.html">"21st Round of Negotiations for Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP)"</a>. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan. 29 January 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201115174528/https://www.mofa.go.jp/press/release/press4e_001883.html">Archived</a> from the original on 15 November 2020. Retrieved 15 November 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ministry+of+Foreign+Affairs+of+Japan&rft.atitle=21st+Round+of+Negotiations+for+Regional+Comprehensive+Economic+Partnership+%28RCEP%29&rft.date=2018-01-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mofa.go.jp%2Fpress%2Frelease%2Fpress4e_001883.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARegional+Comprehensive+Economic+Partnership" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mofa.go.jp/press/release/press4e_002009.html">"22nd Round of Negotiations for Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP)"</a>. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan. 25 April 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201115174557/https://www.mofa.go.jp/press/release/press4e_002009.html">Archived</a> from the original on 15 November 2020. Retrieved 15 November 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ministry+of+Foreign+Affairs+of+Japan&rft.atitle=22nd+Round+of+Negotiations+for+Regional+Comprehensive+Economic+Partnership+%28RCEP%29&rft.date=2018-04-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mofa.go.jp%2Fpress%2Frelease%2Fpress4e_002009.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARegional+Comprehensive+Economic+Partnership" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mofa.go.jp/press/release/press4e_002103.html">"23rd Round of Negotiations for Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP)"</a>. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan. 12 July 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201115174528/https://www.mofa.go.jp/press/release/press4e_002103.html">Archived</a> from the original on 15 November 2020. Retrieved 15 November 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ministry+of+Foreign+Affairs+of+Japan&rft.atitle=23rd+Round+of+Negotiations+for+Regional+Comprehensive+Economic+Partnership+%28RCEP%29&rft.date=2018-07-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mofa.go.jp%2Fpress%2Frelease%2Fpress4e_002103.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARegional+Comprehensive+Economic+Partnership" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLivemint2018" class="citation web cs1">Livemint (5 September 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.livemint.com/Politics/zW2jfnWbA20jrV3CTK0IBO/India-wins-key-concession-on-services-at-RCEP-Singapore-Mini.html">"India wins key concession on services at RCEP Singapore Ministerial"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201115174528/https://www.livemint.com/Politics/zW2jfnWbA20jrV3CTK0IBO/India-wins-key-concession-on-services-at-RCEP-Singapore-Mini.html">Archived</a> from the original on 15 November 2020. Retrieved 15 November 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=India+wins+key+concession+on+services+at+RCEP+Singapore+Ministerial&rft.date=2018-09-05&rft.au=Livemint&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.livemint.com%2FPolitics%2FzW2jfnWbA20jrV3CTK0IBO%2FIndia-wins-key-concession-on-services-at-RCEP-Singapore-Mini.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARegional+Comprehensive+Economic+Partnership" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mofa.go.jp/press/release/press4e_002189.html">"24th Round of Negotiations for Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP)"</a>. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan. 16 October 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201115174531/https://www.mofa.go.jp/press/release/press4e_002189.html">Archived</a> from the original on 15 November 2020. Retrieved 15 November 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ministry+of+Foreign+Affairs+of+Japan&rft.atitle=24th+Round+of+Negotiations+for+Regional+Comprehensive+Economic+Partnership+%28RCEP%29&rft.date=2018-10-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mofa.go.jp%2Fpress%2Frelease%2Fpress4e_002189.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARegional+Comprehensive+Economic+Partnership" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mofa.go.jp/ecm/ep/page25e_000267.html">"Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) Summit"</a>. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan. 14 November 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201115174530/https://www.mofa.go.jp/ecm/ep/page25e_000267.html">Archived</a> from the original on 15 November 2020. Retrieved 27 August 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ministry+of+Foreign+Affairs+of+Japan&rft.atitle=Regional+Comprehensive+Economic+Partnership+%28RCEP%29+Summit&rft.date=2018-11-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mofa.go.jp%2Fecm%2Fep%2Fpage25e_000267.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARegional+Comprehensive+Economic+Partnership" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto1-112"><a href="#cite_ref-auto1_112-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSouth_China_Morning_Post2018" class="citation web cs1">South China Morning Post (3 September 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/2162395/japans-relations-china-back-normal-track-says-shinzo-abe">"US trade war and Japan push raise prospects for China-backed Asia free-trade deal"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201115174539/https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/2162395/japans-relations-china-back-normal-track-says-shinzo-abe">Archived</a> from the original on 15 November 2020. Retrieved 15 November 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=US+trade+war+and+Japan+push+raise+prospects+for+China-backed+Asia+free-trade+deal&rft.date=2018-09-03&rft.au=South+China+Morning+Post&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scmp.com%2Fnews%2Fchina%2Fdiplomacy%2Farticle%2F2162395%2Fjapans-relations-china-back-normal-track-says-shinzo-abe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARegional+Comprehensive+Economic+Partnership" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mofa.go.jp/press/release/press4e_002335.html">"25th Round of Negotiations for Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP)"</a>. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan. 14 February 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201115174534/https://www.mofa.go.jp/press/release/press4e_002335.html">Archived</a> from the original on 15 November 2020. Retrieved 28 May 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ministry+of+Foreign+Affairs+of+Japan&rft.atitle=25th+Round+of+Negotiations+for+Regional+Comprehensive+Economic+Partnership+%28RCEP%29&rft.date=2019-02-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mofa.go.jp%2Fpress%2Frelease%2Fpress4e_002335.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARegional+Comprehensive+Economic+Partnership" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mofa.go.jp/press/release/press4e_002354.html">"Seventh Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) Ministerial Meeting"</a>. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan. 1 March 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201115174536/https://www.mofa.go.jp/press/release/press4e_002354.html">Archived</a> from the original on 15 November 2020. Retrieved 27 August 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ministry+of+Foreign+Affairs+of+Japan&rft.atitle=Seventh+Regional+Comprehensive+Economic+Partnership+%28RCEP%29+Ministerial+Meeting&rft.date=2019-03-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mofa.go.jp%2Fpress%2Frelease%2Fpress4e_002354.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARegional+Comprehensive+Economic+Partnership" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/senior-officials-of-rcep-countries-to-meet-in-bangkok-on-may-24-119042200470_1.html">"Senior officials of RCEP countries to meet in Bangkok on May 24"</a>. Business Standard India. Press Trust of India. 22 April 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201115174540/https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/senior-officials-of-rcep-countries-to-meet-in-bangkok-on-may-24-119042200470_1.html">Archived</a> from the original on 15 November 2020. Retrieved 19 May 2019 – via Business Standard.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Business+Standard+India&rft.atitle=Senior+officials+of+RCEP+countries+to+meet+in+Bangkok+on+May+24&rft.date=2019-04-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.business-standard.com%2Farticle%2Fpti-stories%2Fsenior-officials-of-rcep-countries-to-meet-in-bangkok-on-may-24-119042200470_1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARegional+Comprehensive+Economic+Partnership" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mofa.go.jp/press/release/press4e_002482.html">"26th Round of Negotiations for Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP)"</a>. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan. 18 June 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201115174603/https://www.mofa.go.jp/press/release/press4e_002482.html">Archived</a> from the original on 15 November 2020. Retrieved 27 August 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ministry+of+Foreign+Affairs+of+Japan&rft.atitle=26th+Round+of+Negotiations+for+Regional+Comprehensive+Economic+Partnership+%28RCEP%29&rft.date=2019-06-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mofa.go.jp%2Fpress%2Frelease%2Fpress4e_002482.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARegional+Comprehensive+Economic+Partnership" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mofa.go.jp/press/release/press4e_002554.html">"27th Round of Negotiations for Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP)"</a>. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan. 19 July 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201115174547/https://www.mofa.go.jp/press/release/press4e_002554.html">Archived</a> from the original on 15 November 2020. Retrieved 27 August 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ministry+of+Foreign+Affairs+of+Japan&rft.atitle=27th+Round+of+Negotiations+for+Regional+Comprehensive+Economic+Partnership+%28RCEP%29&rft.date=2019-07-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mofa.go.jp%2Fpress%2Frelease%2Fpress4e_002554.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARegional+Comprehensive+Economic+Partnership" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mofa.go.jp/press/release/press4e_002565.html">"Eighth Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) Intersessional Ministerial Meeting"</a>. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan. 1 August 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201115174538/https://www.mofa.go.jp/press/release/press4e_002565.html">Archived</a> from the original on 15 November 2020. Retrieved 27 August 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ministry+of+Foreign+Affairs+of+Japan&rft.atitle=Eighth+Regional+Comprehensive+Economic+Partnership+%28RCEP%29+Intersessional+Ministerial+Meeting&rft.date=2019-08-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mofa.go.jp%2Fpress%2Frelease%2Fpress4e_002565.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARegional+Comprehensive+Economic+Partnership" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mofa.go.jp/press/release/press4e_002627.html">"28th Round of Negotiations for Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP)"</a>. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan. 17 September 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201115174538/https://www.mofa.go.jp/press/release/press4e_002627.html">Archived</a> from the original on 15 November 2020. Retrieved 28 May 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ministry+of+Foreign+Affairs+of+Japan&rft.atitle=28th+Round+of+Negotiations+for+Regional+Comprehensive+Economic+Partnership+%28RCEP%29&rft.date=2019-09-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mofa.go.jp%2Fpress%2Frelease%2Fpress4e_002627.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARegional+Comprehensive+Economic+Partnership" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/foreign-trade/india-decides-to-opt-out-of-rcep-says-key-concerns-not-addressed/articleshow/71896848.cms">"India decides to opt out of RCEP, says key concerns not addressed"</a>. The Economic Times. 4 November 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201115174539/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/foreign-trade/india-decides-to-opt-out-of-rcep-says-key-concerns-not-addressed/articleshow/71896848.cms">Archived</a> from the original on 15 November 2020. Retrieved 4 November 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economic+Times&rft.atitle=India+decides+to+opt+out+of+RCEP%2C+says+key+concerns+not+addressed&rft.date=2019-11-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feconomictimes.indiatimes.com%2Fnews%2Feconomy%2Fforeign-trade%2Findia-decides-to-opt-out-of-rcep-says-key-concerns-not-addressed%2Farticleshow%2F71896848.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARegional+Comprehensive+Economic+Partnership" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBloomberg" class="citation web cs1">Bloomberg, Enda Curran. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201115174626/https://www.washingtonpost.com/">"Analysis | What's the RCEP and What Happened to the TPP?"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/whats-the-rcep-and-what-happened-to-the-tpp/2019/11/04/2c1a5a8c-ff38-11e9-8341-cc3dce52e7de_story.html">the original</a> on 15 November 2020. Retrieved 5 November 2019 – via www.washingtonpost.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Analysis+%26%23124%3B+What%27s+the+RCEP+and+What+Happened+to+the+TPP%3F&rft.aulast=Bloomberg&rft.aufirst=Enda+Curran&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fbusiness%2Fwhats-the-rcep-and-what-happened-to-the-tpp%2F2019%2F11%2F04%2F2c1a5a8c-ff38-11e9-8341-cc3dce52e7de_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARegional+Comprehensive+Economic+Partnership" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2019/11/05/asia-pacific/asian-rcep-nations-effectively-give-year-end-goal-free-trade-deal/">"India's exit from RCEP leaves Japan and China unsure about future direction of free trade pact"</a>. The Japan Times Online. 5 November 2019. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0447-5763">0447-5763</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201115174613/https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2019/11/05/asia-pacific/asian-rcep-nations-effectively-give-year-end-goal-free-trade-deal/">Archived</a> from the original on 15 November 2020. Retrieved 10 November 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Japan+Times+Online&rft.atitle=India%27s+exit+from+RCEP+leaves+Japan+and+China+unsure+about+future+direction+of+free+trade+pact&rft.date=2019-11-05&rft.issn=0447-5763&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.japantimes.co.jp%2Fnews%2F2019%2F11%2F05%2Fasia-pacific%2Fasian-rcep-nations-effectively-give-year-end-goal-free-trade-deal%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARegional+Comprehensive+Economic+Partnership" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mofa.go.jp/press/release/press4e_002798.html">"29th Round of Negotiations for Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP)"</a>. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan. 16 April 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201115174542/https://www.mofa.go.jp/press/release/press4e_002798.html">Archived</a> from the original on 15 November 2020. Retrieved 28 May 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ministry+of+Foreign+Affairs+of+Japan&rft.atitle=29th+Round+of+Negotiations+for+Regional+Comprehensive+Economic+Partnership+%28RCEP%29&rft.date=2020-04-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mofa.go.jp%2Fpress%2Frelease%2Fpress4e_002798.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARegional+Comprehensive+Economic+Partnership" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mofa.go.jp/press/release/press1e_000150.html">"Joint Statement of the 29th Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership Trade Negotiating Committee (RCEP TNC) Meeting"</a>. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan. 30 April 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201115174543/https://www.mofa.go.jp/press/release/press1e_000150.html">Archived</a> from the original on 15 November 2020. Retrieved 28 May 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ministry+of+Foreign+Affairs+of+Japan&rft.atitle=Joint+Statement+of+the+29th+Regional+Comprehensive+Economic+Partnership+Trade+Negotiating+Committee+%28RCEP+TNC%29+Meeting&rft.date=2020-04-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mofa.go.jp%2Fpress%2Frelease%2Fpress1e_000150.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARegional+Comprehensive+Economic+Partnership" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mofa.go.jp/press/release/press4e_002808.html">"30th Round of Negotiations for Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP)"</a>. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan. 13 May 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201115174543/https://www.mofa.go.jp/press/release/press4e_002808.html">Archived</a> from the original on 15 November 2020. Retrieved 28 May 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ministry+of+Foreign+Affairs+of+Japan&rft.atitle=30th+Round+of+Negotiations+for+Regional+Comprehensive+Economic+Partnership+%28RCEP%29&rft.date=2020-05-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mofa.go.jp%2Fpress%2Frelease%2Fpress4e_002808.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARegional+Comprehensive+Economic+Partnership" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.asean2020.vn/xem-chi-tiet1/-/asset_publisher/ynfWm23dDfpd/content/rcep-members-determined-to-sign-deal-in-november">"RCEP members determined to sign deal in November"</a>. National ASEAN 2020 Committee. 13 May 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201115174554/https://www.asean2020.vn/xem-chi-tiet1/-/asset_publisher/ynfWm23dDfpd/content/rcep-members-determined-to-sign-deal-in-november">Archived</a> from the original on 15 November 2020. Retrieved 24 June 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+ASEAN+2020+Committee&rft.atitle=RCEP+members+determined+to+sign+deal+in+November&rft.date=2020-05-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.asean2020.vn%2Fxem-chi-tiet1%2F-%2Fasset_publisher%2FynfWm23dDfpd%2Fcontent%2Frcep-members-determined-to-sign-deal-in-november&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARegional+Comprehensive+Economic+Partnership" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mofa.go.jp/press/release/press4e_002857.html">"31st Round of Negotiations for Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP)"</a>. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan. 7 July 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201115174601/https://www.mofa.go.jp/press/release/press4e_002857.html">Archived</a> from the original on 15 November 2020. Retrieved 9 July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ministry+of+Foreign+Affairs+of+Japan&rft.atitle=31st+Round+of+Negotiations+for+Regional+Comprehensive+Economic+Partnership+%28RCEP%29&rft.date=2020-07-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mofa.go.jp%2Fpress%2Frelease%2Fpress4e_002857.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARegional+Comprehensive+Economic+Partnership" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mofa.go.jp/press/release/press4e_002884.html">"Eighth Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) Ministerial Meeting"</a>. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan. 25 August 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201115174603/https://www.mofa.go.jp/press/release/press4e_002884.html">Archived</a> from the original on 15 November 2020. Retrieved 7 September 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ministry+of+Foreign+Affairs+of+Japan&rft.atitle=Eighth+Regional+Comprehensive+Economic+Partnership+%28RCEP%29+Ministerial+Meeting&rft.date=2020-08-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mofa.go.jp%2Fpress%2Frelease%2Fpress4e_002884.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARegional+Comprehensive+Economic+Partnership" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dfat.gov.au/trade/agreements/negotiations/rcep/news/8th-virtual-ministerial-meeting-27-august-2020">"8th Virtual Ministerial Meeting, 27 August 2020"</a>. Australian Government Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade. 27 August 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201115174614/https://www.dfat.gov.au/trade/agreements/negotiations/rcep/news/8th-virtual-ministerial-meeting-27-august-2020">Archived</a> from the original on 15 November 2020. Retrieved 7 September 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Australian+Government+Department+of+Foreign+Affairs+and+Trade&rft.atitle=8th+Virtual+Ministerial+Meeting%2C+27+August+2020&rft.date=2020-08-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dfat.gov.au%2Ftrade%2Fagreements%2Fnegotiations%2Frcep%2Fnews%2F8th-virtual-ministerial-meeting-27-august-2020&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARegional+Comprehensive+Economic+Partnership" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mofa.go.jp/press/release/press4e_002935.html">"Eleventh Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) Intersessional Ministerial Meeting"</a>. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan. 13 October 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201115174607/https://www.mofa.go.jp/press/release/press4e_002935.html">Archived</a> from the original on 15 November 2020. Retrieved 14 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ministry+of+Foreign+Affairs+of+Japan&rft.atitle=Eleventh+Regional+Comprehensive+Economic+Partnership+%28RCEP%29+Intersessional+Ministerial+Meeting&rft.date=2020-10-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mofa.go.jp%2Fpress%2Frelease%2Fpress4e_002935.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARegional+Comprehensive+Economic+Partnership" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.meti.go.jp/english/press/2020/1110_001.html">"Preparatory Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) Ministerial Meeting to be Held"</a>. Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry of Japan. 10 November 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201115174553/https://www.meti.go.jp/english/press/2020/1110_001.html">Archived</a> from the original on 15 November 2020. Retrieved 12 November 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ministry+of+Economy%2C+Trade+and+Industry+of+Japan&rft.atitle=Preparatory+Regional+Comprehensive+Economic+Partnership+%28RCEP%29+Ministerial+Meeting+to+be+Held&rft.date=2020-11-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.meti.go.jp%2Fenglish%2Fpress%2F2020%2F1110_001.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARegional+Comprehensive+Economic+Partnership" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-sg202104-132"><a href="#cite_ref-sg202104_132-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mti.gov.sg/-/media/MTI/Newsroom/Press-Releases/2021/04/Press-Release-on-Ratification-of-the-RCEP.pdf">"SINGAPORE RATIFIES THE REGIONAL COMPREHENSIVE ECONOMIC PARTNERSHIP AGREEMENT"</a> (PDF). MINISTRY OF TRADE AND INDUSTRY of Singapore. 9 April 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210412022750/https://www.mti.gov.sg/-/media/MTI/Newsroom/Press-Releases/2021/04/Press-Release-on-Ratification-of-the-RCEP.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 12 April 2021. Retrieved 13 April 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MINISTRY+OF+TRADE+AND+INDUSTRY+of+Singapore&rft.atitle=SINGAPORE+RATIFIES+THE+REGIONAL+COMPREHENSIVE+ECONOMIC+PARTNERSHIP+AGREEMENT&rft.date=2021-04-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mti.gov.sg%2F-%2Fmedia%2FMTI%2FNewsroom%2FPress-Releases%2F2021%2F04%2FPress-Release-on-Ratification-of-the-RCEP.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARegional+Comprehensive+Economic+Partnership" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.china-briefing.com/news/ratification-status-rcep-expected-timeline-china-thailand-already-ratified/">"What is the Ratification Status of the RCEP Agreement and when Will it Come into Effect?"</a>. 30 April 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=What+is+the+Ratification+Status+of+the+RCEP+Agreement+and+when+Will+it+Come+into+Effect%3F&rft.date=2021-04-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.china-briefing.com%2Fnews%2Fratification-status-rcep-expected-timeline-china-thailand-already-ratified%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARegional+Comprehensive+Economic+Partnership" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bangkokpost.com/business/2268871/hong-kong-applies-to-join-rcep-trade-agreement">"Hong Kong applies to join RCEP trade agreement"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bangkok_Post" title="Bangkok Post">Bangkok Post</a>. 23 February 2022. Retrieved 26 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bangkok+Post&rft.atitle=Hong+Kong+applies+to+join+RCEP+trade+agreement&rft.date=2022-02-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bangkokpost.com%2Fbusiness%2F2268871%2Fhong-kong-applies-to-join-rcep-trade-agreement&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARegional+Comprehensive+Economic+Partnership" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.customs.gov.cn/customs/302249/2480148/4322398/index.html">"海关总署公告2022年第36号（关于《区域全面经济伙伴关系协定》对缅甸实施有关事宜的公告）"</a>. General Administration of Customs of the People's Republic of China (in Chinese).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=General+Administration+of+Customs+of+the+People%27s+Republic+of+China&rft.atitle=%E6%B5%B7%E5%85%B3%E6%80%BB%E7%BD%B2%E5%85%AC%E5%91%8A2022%E5%B9%B4%E7%AC%AC36%E5%8F%B7%EF%BC%88%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E%E3%80%8A%E5%8C%BA%E5%9F%9F%E5%85%A8%E9%9D%A2%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E4%BC%99%E4%BC%B4%E5%85%B3%E7%B3%BB%E5%8D%8F%E5%AE%9A%E3%80%8B%E5%AF%B9%E7%BC%85%E7%94%B8%E5%AE%9E%E6%96%BD%E6%9C%89%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8B%E5%AE%9C%E7%9A%84%E5%85%AC%E5%91%8A%EF%BC%89&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.customs.gov.cn%2Fcustoms%2F302249%2F2480148%2F4322398%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARegional+Comprehensive+Economic+Partnership" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">permanent dead link</a>‍] </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201205213853/https://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/html/20201115/k10012713481000.html">"【RCEP合意】各国の反応とねらい"</a>. 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Retrieved 19 November 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E3%80%90RCEP%E5%90%88%E6%84%8F%E3%80%91%E5%90%84%E5%9B%BD%E3%81%AE%E5%8F%8D%E5%BF%9C%E3%81%A8%E3%81%AD%E3%82%89%E3%81%84&rft.pub=NHK+News&rft.date=2020-11-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww3.nhk.or.jp%2Fnews%2Fhtml%2F20201115%2Fk10012713481000.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARegional+Comprehensive+Economic+Partnership" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://english.news.cn/20221102/5f34eeaa4092458a864b46726b1a3fc2/c.html">"RCEP key mechanism to safeguard free trade: Cambodian PM"</a>. Xinhua. 2 November 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Xinhua&rft.atitle=RCEP+key+mechanism+to+safeguard+free+trade%3A+Cambodian+PM&rft.date=2022-11-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fenglish.news.cn%2F20221102%2F5f34eeaa4092458a864b46726b1a3fc2%2Fc.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARegional+Comprehensive+Economic+Partnership" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201204234233/https://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/html/20201115/k10012713441000.html">"【RCEP合意】経済界の反応は"</a>. NHK News. 16 November 2020. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/html/20201115/k10012713441000.html">the original</a> on 4 December 2020. Retrieved 19 November 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E3%80%90RCEP%E5%90%88%E6%84%8F%E3%80%91%E7%B5%8C%E6%B8%88%E7%95%8C%E3%81%AE%E5%8F%8D%E5%BF%9C%E3%81%AF&rft.pub=NHK+News&rft.date=2020-11-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww3.nhk.or.jp%2Fnews%2Fhtml%2F20201115%2Fk10012713441000.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARegional+Comprehensive+Economic+Partnership" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-mahbubani_fp-139"><a href="#cite_ref-mahbubani_fp_139-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://foreignpolicy.com/2021/01/27/anti-china-alliance-quad-australia-india-japan-u-s/">"Why Attempts to Build a New Anti-China Alliance Will Fail"</a>. Foreign Policy. 27 January 2021. Retrieved 15 February 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Foreign+Policy&rft.atitle=Why+Attempts+to+Build+a+New+Anti-China+Alliance+Will+Fail&rft.date=2021-01-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fforeignpolicy.com%2F2021%2F01%2F27%2Fanti-china-alliance-quad-australia-india-japan-u-s%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARegional+Comprehensive+Economic+Partnership" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bangkokpost.com/business/2020503/what-happens-now-the-rcep-trade-deal-has-been-signed-">"What happens now the RCEP trade deal has been signed?"</a>. Bangkok Post. Retrieved 21 November 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bangkok+Post&rft.atitle=What+happens+now+the+RCEP+trade+deal+has+been+signed%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bangkokpost.com%2Fbusiness%2F2020503%2Fwhat-happens-now-the-rcep-trade-deal-has-been-signed-&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARegional+Comprehensive+Economic+Partnership" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-scmp_China-Australia-141"><a href="#cite_ref-scmp_China-Australia_141-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBermingham2020" class="citation web cs1">Bermingham, Finbarr (13 November 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scmp.com/economy/china-economy/article/3109668/china-australia-relations-ex-pm-malcolm-turnbull-urges">"China-Australia relations: ex-PM Malcolm Turnbull urges Canberra not to 'buckle under pressure' from Beijing"</a>. <a href="/wiki/South_China_Morning_Post" title="South China Morning Post">South China Morning Post</a>. Retrieved 16 February 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=South+China+Morning+Post&rft.atitle=China-Australia+relations%3A+ex-PM+Malcolm+Turnbull+urges+Canberra+not+to+%27buckle+under+pressure%27+from+Beijing&rft.date=2020-11-13&rft.aulast=Bermingham&rft.aufirst=Finbarr&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scmp.com%2Feconomy%2Fchina-economy%2Farticle%2F3109668%2Fchina-australia-relations-ex-pm-malcolm-turnbull-urges&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARegional+Comprehensive+Economic+Partnership" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-hind_RCEP_would-142"><a href="#cite_ref-hind_RCEP_would_142-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/rcep-would-have-hurt-india-s-economy-fta-with-eu-not-easy-s-jaishankar/story-jLOwniuthmH8CpYR0CQsoL.html">"RCEP would have hurt India's economy, FTA with EU not easy: S Jaishankar"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hindustan_Times" title="Hindustan Times">Hindustan Times</a>. 18 November 2020. Retrieved 16 February 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hindustan+Times&rft.atitle=RCEP+would+have+hurt+India%27s+economy%2C+FTA+with+EU+not+easy%3A+S+Jaishankar&rft.date=2020-11-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindustantimes.com%2Findia-news%2Frcep-would-have-hurt-india-s-economy-fta-with-eu-not-easy-s-jaishankar%2Fstory-jLOwniuthmH8CpYR0CQsoL.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARegional+Comprehensive+Economic+Partnership" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-econ_India_pulled-143"><a href="#cite_ref-econ_India_pulled_143-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChaudhury2020" class="citation news cs1">Chaudhury, Dipanjan Roy (19 November 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/policy/india-pulled-out-of-rcep-as-concerns-not-addressed-joining-it-would-have-resulted-negative-consequences-for-economy-eam/articleshow/79287644.cms">"India pulled out of RCEP as concerns not addressed: S Jaishankar"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Economic_Times" title="The Economic Times">The Economic Times</a>. Retrieved 16 February 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economic+Times&rft.atitle=India+pulled+out+of+RCEP+as+concerns+not+addressed%3A+S+Jaishankar&rft.date=2020-11-19&rft.aulast=Chaudhury&rft.aufirst=Dipanjan+Roy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feconomictimes.indiatimes.com%2Fnews%2Feconomy%2Fpolicy%2Findia-pulled-out-of-rcep-as-concerns-not-addressed-joining-it-would-have-resulted-negative-consequences-for-economy-eam%2Farticleshow%2F79287644.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARegional+Comprehensive+Economic+Partnership" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Regional_Comprehensive_Economic_Partnership&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" 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.portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:<ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/19px-Terra.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/29px-Terra.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/38px-Terra.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Geography" title="Portal:Geography">Geography</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><a href="/wiki/File:Asia_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/19px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/29px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/38px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="541" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Asia" title="Portal:Asia">Asia</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><a href="/wiki/File:%E5%A4%A7%E6%B4%8B.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B4%8B.png/21px-%E5%A4%A7%E6%B4%8B.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B4%8B.png/32px-%E5%A4%A7%E6%B4%8B.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B4%8B.png/42px-%E5%A4%A7%E6%B4%8B.png 2x" data-file-width="756" data-file-height="617" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Oceania" title="Portal:Oceania">Oceania</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/21px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/32px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/42px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Australia" title="Portal:Australia">Australia</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/21px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/42px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:China" title="Portal:China">China</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/21px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/32px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/42px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Indonesia" title="Portal:Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/21px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/32px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/42px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Japan" title="Portal:Japan">Japan</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/21px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/32px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/42px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Malaysia" title="Portal:Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/21px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/32px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/42px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:New_Zealand" title="Portal:New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/21px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/42px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Philippines" title="Portal:Philippines">Philippines</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/21px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/32px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/42px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Singapore" title="Portal:Singapore">Singapore</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/21px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/32px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/42px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:South_Korea" title="Portal:South Korea">South Korea</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/21px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/32px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/42px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Thailand" title="Portal:Thailand">Thailand</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/21px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/32px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/42px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Vietnam" title="Portal:Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li></ul></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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aria-labelledby="26px&#124;border_&#124;alt=New_Zealand&#124;link=New_Zealand_Free_trade_agreements_of_New_Zealand" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output 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template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Free-trade_agreements_of_New_Zealand" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Free-trade agreements of New Zealand"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="26px&#124;border_&#124;alt=New_Zealand&#124;link=New_Zealand_Free_trade_agreements_of_New_Zealand" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand"><img alt="New Zealand" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/26px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/39px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/52px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Free_trade_agreements_of_New_Zealand" title="Free trade agreements of New Zealand">Free trade agreements of New Zealand</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Existing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.0em;font-weight:normal;">Bilateral</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Closer_Economic_Relations" title="Closer Economic Relations">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand%E2%80%93China_Free_Trade_Agreement" title="New Zealand–China Free Trade Agreement">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong%E2%80%93New_Zealand_Closer_Economic_Partnership_Agreement" title="Hong Kong–New Zealand Closer Economic Partnership Agreement">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysia%E2%80%93New_Zealand_Free_Trade_Agreement" title="Malaysia–New Zealand Free Trade Agreement">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agreement_between_New_Zealand_and_Singapore_on_a_Closer_Economic_Partnership" title="Agreement between New Zealand and Singapore on a Closer Economic Partnership">Singapore</a></li> <li>Taiwan</li> <li>Thailand</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_Free_Trade_Agreement" title="New Zealand–United Kingdom Free Trade Agreement">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand%E2%80%93European_Union_relations#EU-NZ_free_trade_agreement" title="New Zealand–European Union relations">European Union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.0em;font-weight:normal;">Multilateral</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trans-Pacific_Strategic_Economic_Partnership_Agreement" title="Trans-Pacific Strategic Economic Partnership Agreement">Trans-Pacific Strategic Economic Partnership Agreement</a> (TPSEP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comprehensive_and_Progressive_Agreement_for_Trans-Pacific_Partnership" title="Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership">Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership</a> (CPTPP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN_Free_Trade_Area#ASEAN–Australia–New_Zealand_Free_Trade_Area" title="ASEAN Free Trade Area">ASEAN–Australia–New Zealand Free Trade Area</a> (AANZFTA)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership</a> (RCEP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/PACER_Plus" title="PACER Plus">PACER Plus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:NZ_FTA_Ship_icon.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/NZ_FTA_Ship_icon.png/180px-NZ_FTA_Ship_icon.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/NZ_FTA_Ship_icon.png/270px-NZ_FTA_Ship_icon.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/NZ_FTA_Ship_icon.png/360px-NZ_FTA_Ship_icon.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="400" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pending</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.0em;font-weight:normal;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Awaiting legislation</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agreement_on_Climate_Change,_Trade_and_Sustainability" title="Agreement on Climate Change, Trade and Sustainability">Agreement on Climate Change, Trade and Sustainability</a> (ACCTS)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Negotiating</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.0em;font-weight:normal;">Bilateral</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>United Arab Emirates</li> <li>Pacific Alliance</li> <li>Gulf Cooperation Council (CCASG / GCC)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.0em;font-weight:normal;">Plurilateral</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Pacific_Economic_Framework_for_Prosperity" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Pacific Economic Framework for Prosperity">Indo-Pacific Economic Framework for Prosperity</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="26px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Australia&#124;link=Australia_Free_trade_agreements_of_Australia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Free_trade_agreements_of_Australia" title="Template:Free trade agreements of Australia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Free_trade_agreements_of_Australia" title="Template talk:Free trade agreements of Australia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Free_trade_agreements_of_Australia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Free trade agreements of Australia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="26px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Australia&#124;link=Australia_Free_trade_agreements_of_Australia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia"><img alt="Australia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/26px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/39px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/52px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Free_trade_agreements_of_Australia" title="Free trade agreements of Australia">Free trade agreements of Australia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Existing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.0em;font-weight:normal;">Bilateral</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Closer_Economic_Relations" title="Closer Economic Relations">New Zealand</a></li> <li>Singapore</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australia-United_States_Free_Trade_Agreement" class="mw-redirect" title="Australia-United States Free Trade Agreement">United States</a></li> <li>Thailand</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australia-Chile_Free_Trade_Agreement" class="mw-redirect" title="Australia-Chile Free Trade Agreement">Chile</a></li> <li>Malayasia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australia%E2%80%93Korea_Free_Trade_Agreement" title="Australia–Korea Free Trade Agreement">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Australia_Economic_Partnership_Agreement" title="Japan–Australia Economic Partnership Agreement">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China-Australia_Free_Trade_Agreement" class="mw-redirect" title="China-Australia Free Trade Agreement">China</a></li> <li>Hong Kong</li> <li>Peru</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesia%E2%80%93Australia_Comprehensive_Economic_Partnership_Agreement" title="Indonesia–Australia Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement">Indonesia</a></li> <li>India</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australia-United_Kingdom_Free_Trade_Agreement" class="mw-redirect" title="Australia-United Kingdom Free Trade Agreement">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.0em;font-weight:normal;">Multilateral</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comprehensive_and_Progressive_Agreement_for_Trans-Pacific_Partnership" title="Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership">Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership</a> (CPTPP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN_Free_Trade_Area#ASEAN–Australia–New_Zealand_Free_Trade_Area" title="ASEAN Free Trade Area">ASEAN–Australia–New Zealand Free Trade Area</a> (AANZFTA)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership</a> (RCEP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/PACER_Plus" title="PACER Plus">PACER Plus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Negotiating</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Bilateral" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.0em;font-weight:normal;">Bilateral</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>European Union</li> <li>United Arab Emirates</li> <li>India</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="International_trade" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:International_trade" title="Template:International trade"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:International_trade" title="Template talk:International trade"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:International_trade" title="Special:EditPage/Template:International trade"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="International_trade" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/International_trade" title="International trade">International trade</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Terminology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Absolute_advantage" title="Absolute advantage">Absolute advantage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balance_of_payments" title="Balance of payments">Balance of payments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balance_of_trade" title="Balance of trade">Balance of trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_account" title="Capital account">Capital account</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparative_advantage" title="Comparative advantage">Comparative advantage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Current_account_(balance_of_payments)" title="Current account (balance of payments)">Current account</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Export-oriented_industrialization" title="Export-oriented industrialization">Export-oriented industrialization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fair_trade" title="Fair trade">Fair trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_exchange_reserves" title="Foreign exchange reserves">Foreign exchange reserves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Globalization" title="Globalization">Globalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Import_substitution_industrialization" title="Import substitution industrialization">Import substitution industrialization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Net_capital_outflow" title="Net capital outflow">Net capital outflow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outsourcing" title="Outsourcing">Outsourcing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tariff" title="Tariff">Tariff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_justice" title="Trade justice">Trade justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_war" title="Trade war">Trade war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trading_nation" title="Trading nation">Trading nation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Organizations and policies</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Monetary_Fund" title="International Monetary Fund">International Monetary Fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Conference_on_Trade_and_Development" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Conference on Trade and Development">UN Conference on Trade and Development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Bank_Group" title="World Bank Group">World Bank Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Trade_Organization" title="World Trade Organization">World Trade Organization</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Trade_Centre" title="International Trade Centre">International Trade Centre</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Chamber_of_Commerce" title="International Chamber of Commerce">International Chamber of Commerce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bilateral_investment_treaty" title="Bilateral investment treaty">Bilateral investment treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_integration" title="Economic integration">Economic integration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incoterms" title="Incoterms">Incoterms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ATA_Carnet" title="ATA Carnet">ATA Carnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free-trade_zone" title="Free-trade zone">Free-trade zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_economic_zone" title="Special economic zone">Special economic zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_agreement" title="Trade agreement">Trade agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_barrier" title="Trade barrier">Trade barrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_bloc" title="Trade bloc">Trade bloc</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Political_economy" title="Political economy">Political economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Free_trade" title="Free trade">Free trade</a> (<a href="/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith">Adam Smith</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Wealth_of_Nations" title="The Wealth of Nations">The Wealth of Nations</a>, <a href="/wiki/Repeal_of_the_Corn_Laws" class="mw-redirect" title="Repeal of the Corn Laws">Repeal of the Corn Laws</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercantilism" title="Mercantilism">Mercantilism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protectionism" title="Protectionism">Protectionism</a> (<a href="/wiki/Economic_nationalism" title="Economic nationalism">Economic nationalism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Autarky" title="Autarky">Autarky</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dedollarisation" title="Dedollarisation">Dedollarisation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Regional_organization" title="Regional organization">Regional organizations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andean_Community_of_Nations" class="mw-redirect" title="Andean Community of Nations">Andean Community of Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Community" title="Caribbean Community">Caribbean Community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_American_Integration_System" title="Central American Integration System">Central American Integration System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercosur" title="Mercosur">Mercosur</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia-Pacific</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Association_of_Southeast_Asian_Nations" class="mw-redirect" title="Association of Southeast Asian Nations">Association of Southeast Asian Nations</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Asian_Association_for_Regional_Cooperation" title="South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation">South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe, Central Asia, and North Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Customs_Union_of_Belarus,_Kazakhstan,_and_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Customs Union of Belarus, Kazakhstan, and Russia">Customs Union of Belarus, Kazakhstan, and Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurasian_Economic_Union" title="Eurasian Economic Union">Eurasian Economic Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_Customs_Union" title="European Union Customs Union">European Union Customs Union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Middle East and North Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Customs_Union" title="Arab Customs Union">Arab Customs Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooperation_Council_for_the_Arab_States_of_the_Gulf" class="mw-redirect" title="Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf">Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Subsaharan Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_African_Community" title="East African Community">East African Community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_and_Monetary_Community_of_Central_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Economic and Monetary Community of Central Africa">Economic and Monetary Community of Central Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_African_Customs_Union" title="Southern African Customs Union">Southern African Customs Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_African_Economic_and_Monetary_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="West African Economic and Monetary Union">West African Economic and Monetary Union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_top_exporting_countries_by_product_category" title="List of top exporting countries by product category">Exports by product</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_aircraft_and_spacecraft_exports" title="List of countries by aircraft and spacecraft exports">Aircraft & Spacecraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_aircraft_component_exports" title="List of countries by aircraft component exports">Aircraft parts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_aluminium_exports" title="List of countries by aluminium exports">Aluminium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_automotive_component_exports" title="List of countries by automotive component exports">Car parts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coal#Major_exporters" title="Coal">Coal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_coffee_exports" title="List of countries by coffee exports">Coffee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_computer_exports" title="List of countries by computer exports">Computers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_copper_exports" title="List of countries by copper exports">Copper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_maize_exports" title="List of countries by maize exports">Corn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_cotton_exports" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by cotton exports">Cotton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_diamond_exports" title="List of countries by diamond exports">Diamonds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_electricity_exports" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by electricity exports">Electricity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_electronics_exports" title="List of countries by electronics exports">Electronics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_engine_exports" title="List of countries by engine exports">Engines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_gas_turbine_exports" title="List of countries by gas turbine exports">Gas turbines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_gold_exports" title="List of countries by gold exports">Gold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_integrated_circuit_exports" title="List of countries by integrated circuit exports">Integrated circuits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron-ore_exports_by_country" class="mw-redirect" title="Iron-ore exports by country">Iron ore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_live_animal_exports" title="List of countries by live animal exports">Live animals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_natural_gas_exports" title="List of countries by natural gas exports">Natural gas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_oil_exports" title="List of countries by oil exports">Oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_refined_petroleum_exports" title="List of countries by refined petroleum exports">Petrol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_pharmaceutical_exports" title="List of countries by pharmaceutical exports">Pharmaceuticals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_photovoltaics_exports" title="List of countries by photovoltaics exports">Photovoltaics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_ship_exports" title="List of countries by ship exports">Ships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_steel_production#Exports" title="List of countries by steel production">Steel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_telecommunications_equipment_exports" title="List of countries by telecommunications equipment exports">Telecommunications equipment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_telephone_exports" title="List of countries by telephone exports">Telephones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_textile_exports" title="List of countries by textile exports">Textiles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_truck_exports" title="List of countries by truck exports">Trucks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_vehicle_exports" title="List of countries by vehicle exports">Vehicles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_wheat_exports" title="List of countries by wheat exports">Wheat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wine#Exporting_countries" title="Wine">Wine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:International_trade" title="Category:International trade">Category</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:International_trade" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:International trade">Commons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Regional_organizations" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Regional_organizations" title="Template:Regional organizations"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Regional_organizations" title="Template talk:Regional organizations"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Regional_organizations" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Regional organizations"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Regional_organizations" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Regional_organization" title="Regional organization">Regional organizations</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bodies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Union" title="African Union">African Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Cooperation_Treaty_Organization" title="Amazon Cooperation Treaty Organization">Amazon Cooperation Treaty Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_League" title="Arab League">Arab League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arctic_Council" title="Arctic Council">Arctic Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN" title="ASEAN">Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asia_Cooperation_Dialogue" title="Asia Cooperation Dialogue">Asia Cooperation Dialogue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asia_Council" title="Asia Council">Asia Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asia-Europe_Foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="Asia-Europe Foundation">Asia-Europe Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asia-Pacific_Economic_Cooperation" title="Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation">Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_European_Regions" title="Assembly of European Regions">Assembly of European Regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Association_of_Caribbean_States" title="Association of Caribbean States">Association of Caribbean States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AUKUS" title="AUKUS">AUKUS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Bengal_Initiative_for_Multi-Sectoral_Technical_and_Economic_Cooperation" title="Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation">Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ALBA" title="ALBA">Bolivarian Alliance for the Peoples of Our America – Peoples' Trade Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British%E2%80%93Irish_Council" title="British–Irish Council">British–Irish Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bucharest_Nine" title="Bucharest Nine">Bucharest Nine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Community" title="Caribbean Community">Caribbean Community (CARICOM)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_American_Integration_System" title="Central American Integration System">Central American Integration System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_European_Free_Trade_Agreement" title="Central European Free Trade Agreement">Central European Free Trade Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_European_Initiative" title="Central European Initiative">Central European Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collective_Security_Treaty_Organization" title="Collective Security Treaty Organization">Collective Security Treaty Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Independent_States" title="Commonwealth of Independent States">Commonwealth of Independent States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth of Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_for_Democracy_and_Rights_of_Nations" title="Community for Democracy and Rights of Nations">Community for Democracy and Rights of Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_of_Democratic_Choice" title="Community of Democratic Choice">Community of Democratic Choice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_of_Latin_American_and_Caribbean_States" title="Community of Latin American and Caribbean States">Community of Latin American and Caribbean States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comprehensive_and_Progressive_Agreement_for_Trans-Pacific_Partnership" title="Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership">Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_the_Baltic_Sea_States" title="Council of the Baltic Sea States">Council of the Baltic Sea States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Europe" title="Council of Europe">Council of Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Craiova_Group" title="Craiova Group">Craiova Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_African_Community" title="East African Community">East African Community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_Community_of_West_African_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Economic Community of West African States">Economic Community of West African States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_Cooperation_Organization" title="Economic Cooperation Organization">Economic Cooperation Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurasian_Economic_Union" title="Eurasian Economic Union">Eurasian Economic Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Political_Community" title="European Political Community">European Political Community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forum_for_the_Progress_and_Integration_of_South_America" title="Forum for the Progress and Integration of South America">Forum for the Progress and Integration of South America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GUAM_Organization_for_Democracy_and_Economic_Development" title="GUAM Organization for Democracy and Economic Development">GUAM Organization for Democracy and Economic Development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_Cooperation_Council" title="Gulf Cooperation Council">Gulf Cooperation Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean_Rim_Association" title="Indian Ocean Rim Association">Indian Ocean Rim Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liptako%E2%80%93Gourma_Authority" title="Liptako–Gourma Authority">Liptako–Gourma Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_American_Integration_Association" title="Latin American Integration Association">Latin American Integration Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_American_Parliament" title="Latin American Parliament">Latin American Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lublin_Triangle" title="Lublin Triangle">Lublin Triangle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melanesian_Spearhead_Group" title="Melanesian Spearhead Group">Melanesian Spearhead Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercosur" title="Mercosur">Mercosur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordic_Council" title="Nordic Council">Nordic Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Balkan" title="Open Balkan">Open Balkan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organisation_of_Eastern_Caribbean_States" title="Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States">Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organization_for_Security_and_Co-operation_in_Europe" title="Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe">Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organization_of_American_States" title="Organization of American States">Organization of American States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organization_of_Ibero-American_States" title="Organization of Ibero-American States">Organization of Ibero-American States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organization_of_the_Black_Sea_Economic_Cooperation" title="Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation">Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Alliance" title="Pacific Alliance">Pacific Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Islands_Forum" title="Pacific Islands Forum">Pacific Islands Forum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paneuropean_Union" title="Paneuropean Union">Paneuropean Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polynesian_Leaders_Group" title="Polynesian Leaders Group">Polynesian Leaders Group</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Cooperation_Organisation" title="Shanghai Cooperation Organisation">Shanghai Cooperation Organisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Asian_Association_for_Regional_Cooperation" title="South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation">South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Atlantic_Peace_and_Cooperation_Zone" title="South Atlantic Peace and Cooperation Zone">South Atlantic Peace and Cooperation Zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_African_Development_Community" title="Southern African Development Community">Southern African Development Community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TAKM" title="TAKM">TAKM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Seas_Initiative" title="Three Seas Initiative">Three Seas Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trilateral_Cooperation_Secretariat" title="Trilateral Cooperation Secretariat">Trilateral Cooperation Secretariat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organization_of_Turkic_States" title="Organization of Turkic States">Organization of Turkic States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_South_American_Nations" title="Union of South American Nations">Union of South American Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visegr%C3%A1d_Group" title="Visegrád Group">Visegrád Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Nordic_Council" title="West Nordic Council">West Nordic Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Balkans_Quad" title="Western Balkans Quad">Western Balkans Quad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Regional_integration" title="Regional integration">Regional integration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_regional_organizations_by_population" title="List of regional organizations by population">Regional organizations by population</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regionalism_(international_relations)" title="Regionalism (international relations)">Regionalism (international relations)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Asia_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Asia_topics" title="Template:Asia topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Asia_topics" title="Template talk:Asia topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Asia_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Asia topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Asia_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a> <a href="/wiki/Index_of_Asia-related_articles" title="Index of Asia-related articles">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Asia" title="History of Asia">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Chronology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean_trade" title="Indian Ocean trade">Indian Ocean trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silk_Road" title="Silk Road">Silk Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_imperialism_in_Asia" title="Western imperialism in Asia">Imperialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decolonisation_of_Asia" title="Decolonisation of Asia">Decolonisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cold_War_in_Asia" title="Cold War in Asia">Cold War</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">By topic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_conflicts_in_Asia" title="List of conflicts in Asia">Military conflicts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_by_date_of_formation#Asia" title="List of sovereign states by date of formation">Sovereignty</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Asia" title="Geography of Asia">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_cities_in_Asia" title="Lists of cities in Asia">Cities</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_metropolitan_areas_in_Asia" title="List of metropolitan areas in Asia">metropolitan areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Asia" title="List of tallest buildings in Asia">tallest buildings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_urban_agglomerations_in_Asia" title="List of urban agglomerations in Asia">urban agglomerations</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_and_dependent_territories_in_Asia" title="List of sovereign states and dependent territories in Asia">Countries and territories</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Asian_countries_by_population" title="List of Asian countries by population">by population</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extreme_points_of_Asia" title="Extreme points of Asia">Extreme points</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of islands of Asia">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes#Asia" title="List of lakes">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountain_ranges#Asia" title="List of mountain ranges">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Asia" title="List of rivers of Asia">Rivers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Geopolitics" title="Geopolitics">Geopolitical</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_transcontinental_countries" title="List of transcontinental countries">Transcontinental regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asia%E2%80%93Pacific" title="Asia–Pacific">Asia–Pacific</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caucasus" title="Caucasus">Caucasus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Europe,_the_Middle_East,_and_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Europe, the Middle East, and Africa">EMEA</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_world" class="mw-redirect" title="Mediterranean world">Mediterranean world</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MENASA" class="mw-redirect" title="MENASA">MENASA</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Middle_East" title="Greater Middle East">Greater Middle East</a>/<a href="/wiki/Middle_East_and_North_Africa" title="Middle East and North Africa">Middle East and North Africa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a>/<a href="/wiki/Near_East" title="Near East">Near East</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Mediterranean" title="Indo-Mediterranean">Indo-Mediterranean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Pacific" title="Indo-Pacific">Indo-Pacific</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean_world" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Ocean world">Indian Ocean world</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Rim" title="Pacific Rim">Pacific Rim</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Asia" title="Pacific Asia">Pacific Asia</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Continent" title="Continent">Intracontinental regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anatolia" title="Anatolia">Anatolia/Asia Minor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabian_Peninsula" title="Arabian Peninsula">Arabia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_Arabia" title="South Arabia">South Arabia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Far_East" title="Far East">Far East</a>/<a href="/wiki/Pacific_Asia" title="Pacific Asia">Pacific Asia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_China" title="Greater China">Greater China</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/China_proper" title="China proper">China proper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet">Tibet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinjiang" title="Xinjiang">Xinjiang</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mainland_Southeast_Asia" title="Mainland Southeast Asia">Indochina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malay_world" title="Malay world">Malay world</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchuria" title="Manchuria">Manchuria</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northeast_China" title="Northeast China">Northeast China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outer_Manchuria" title="Outer Manchuria">Outer Manchuria</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_heartland" title="Mongol heartland">Greater Mongolia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inner_Mongolia" title="Inner Mongolia">Inner Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolia" title="Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korea" title="Korea">Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Far_East" title="Russian Far East">Russian Far East</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inner_Asia" title="Inner Asia">Inner Asia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Central_Asia" title="Greater Central Asia">Greater Central Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Iran" title="Greater Iran">Greater Iran</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Khorasan" title="Greater Khorasan">Greater Khorasan</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Southeast" title="Global Southeast">Global Southeast</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_India" title="Greater India">Greater India</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levant" title="Levant">Levant</a>/<a href="/wiki/Syria_(region)" title="Syria (region)">Syria</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Levant" title="Southern Levant">Southern Levant</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesopotamia" title="Mesopotamia">Mesopotamia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siberia" title="Siberia">Siberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Caucasus" title="South Caucasus">South Caucasus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkestan" title="Turkestan">Turkestan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_Turkestan" title="Afghan Turkestan">Afghan Turkestan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Turkestan" title="Chinese Turkestan">Chinese Turkestan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Turkestan" title="Russian Turkestan">Russian Turkestan</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Subregion#Asia" title="Subregion">Continental subregions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Asia" title="Central Asia">Central Asia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Central_Asia" title="Soviet Central Asia">Soviet Central Asia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asia" title="East Asia">East Asia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northeast_Asia" title="Northeast Asia">Northeast Asia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Asia" title="North Asia">North Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Asia" title="South Asia">South Asia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_South_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="Regions of South Asia">Subregions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast Asia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mainland_Southeast_Asia" title="Mainland Southeast Asia">Mainland Southeast Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maritime_Southeast_Asia" title="Maritime Southeast Asia">Maritime Southeast Asia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Asia" title="West Asia">West Asia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Cultural_geography" title="Cultural geography">Cultural</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austronesian_peoples" title="Austronesian peoples">Austronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_India" title="Greater India">Indosphere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_cultural_sphere" class="mw-redirect" title="East Asian cultural sphere">Sinosphere</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nanyang_(region)" title="Nanyang (region)">Nanyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_and_southern_China" title="Northern and southern China">Northern and southern China</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Physical_geography" title="Physical geography">Physical</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Supercontinent" title="Supercontinent">Supercontinents</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afro-Eurasia" title="Afro-Eurasia">Afro-Eurasia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afro-Asia" title="Afro-Asia">Afro-Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurasia" title="Eurasia">Eurasia</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Continent#Subcontinents" title="Continent">Subcontinents</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arabian_Peninsula" title="Arabian Peninsula">Arabian subcontinent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_subcontinent" title="Indian subcontinent">Indian subcontinent</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Plateau" title="Plateau">Plateaus</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anatolian_plateau" title="Anatolian plateau">Anatolian plateau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deccan_Plateau" title="Deccan Plateau">Deccan Plateau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_plateau" title="Iranian plateau">Iranian plateau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_Plateau" title="Mongolian Plateau">Mongolian Plateau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Plateau" title="Tibetan Plateau">Tibetan Plateau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Peninsula" title="Peninsula">Peninsulas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anatolia" title="Anatolia">Anatolian Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabian_Peninsula" title="Arabian Peninsula">Arabian Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_subcontinent" title="Indian subcontinent">Indian Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mainland_Southeast_Asia" title="Mainland Southeast Asia">Indochinese Peninsula</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Malay_Peninsula" title="Malay Peninsula">Malay Peninsula</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korea" title="Korea">Korean Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leizhou_Peninsula" title="Leizhou Peninsula">Leizhou Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liaodong_Peninsula" title="Liaodong Peninsula">Liaodong Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shandong_Peninsula" title="Shandong Peninsula">Shandong Peninsula</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Archipelago" title="Archipelago">Archipelagos</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Archipelago" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese Archipelago">Japanese Archipelago</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ryukyu_Islands" title="Ryukyu Islands">Ryukyu Islands</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malay_Archipelago" title="Malay Archipelago">Malay Archipelago</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Indonesia" title="List of islands of Indonesia">Indonesian Archipelago</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maluku_Islands" title="Maluku Islands">Maluku Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunda_Islands" title="Sunda Islands">Sunda Islands</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Sunda_Islands" title="Greater Sunda Islands">Greater Sunda Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesser_Sunda_Islands" title="Lesser Sunda Islands">Lesser Sunda Islands</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_the_Philippines" title="List of islands of the Philippines">Philippine Archipelago</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Visayas" title="Visayas">Visayan Islands</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mergui_Archipelago" title="Mergui Archipelago">Mergui Archipelago</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Biogeography" title="Biogeography">Biogeographic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Asia_(WGSRPD)" title="Eastern Asia (WGSRPD)">Eastern Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Pacific" title="Indo-Pacific">Indo-Pacific</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malesia" title="Malesia">Malesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tropical_Asia" title="Tropical Asia">Tropical Asia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Asia" title="Politics of Asia">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Heads_of_government_in_Asia" title="Category:Heads of government in Asia">Heads of government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Heads_of_state_in_Asia" title="Category:Heads of state in Asia">Heads of state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Elections_in_Asia" title="Category:Elections in Asia">Elections</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Political_parties_in_Asia" title="Category:Political parties in Asia">political parties</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democracy_in_Asia" title="Democracy in Asia">Democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Asia" title="Human rights in Asia">Human rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_systems_in_Asia" title="Legal systems in Asia">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Military_in_Asia" title="Category:Military in Asia">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Asianism" title="Pan-Asianism">Pan-Asianism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Intergovernmental</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asia_Cooperation_Dialogue" title="Asia Cooperation Dialogue">Asia Cooperation Dialogue (ACD)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Association_of_Southeast_Asian_Nations" class="mw-redirect" title="Association of Southeast Asian Nations">Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Bengal_Initiative_for_Multi-Sectoral_Technical_and_Economic_Cooperation" title="Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation">Bay of Bengal Initiative (BIMSTEC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_Cooperation_Organization" title="Economic Cooperation Organization">Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurasian_Economic_Union" title="Eurasian Economic Union">Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Independent_States" title="Commonwealth of Independent States">Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collective_Security_Treaty_Organization" title="Collective Security Treaty Organization">Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooperation_Council_for_the_Arab_States_of_the_Gulf" class="mw-redirect" title="Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf">Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf (CCASG / GCC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mekong%E2%80%93Ganga_Cooperation" title="Mekong–Ganga Cooperation">Mekong–Ganga Cooperation (MGC)</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Asian_Association_for_Regional_Cooperation" title="South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation">South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Cooperation_Organisation" title="Shanghai Cooperation Organisation">Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Asia" title="Economy of Asia">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Asian_countries_by_average_wage" title="List of Asian countries by average wage">Countries by average wage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Asian_and_Pacific_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)" title="List of Asian and Pacific countries by GDP (PPP)">Countries by GDP (PPP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_in_Asia_and_Oceania_by_Human_Development_Index" class="mw-redirect" title="List of sovereign states in Asia and Oceania by Human Development Index">Countries by HDI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_currencies_in_Asia" title="List of currencies in Asia">Currencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_stock_exchanges#Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of stock exchanges">Stock exchanges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_Asia" title="Science and technology in Asia">Technology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Asia" title="Renewable energy in Asia">renewable energy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Transport_in_Asia" title="Category:Transport in Asia">Transport</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_the_busiest_airports_in_Asia" title="List of the busiest airports in Asia">airports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail_in_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="High-speed rail in Asia">high-speed rail</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Markets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_East_Asian_and_Hong_Kong_property_markets" title="South East Asian and Hong Kong property markets">Property markets</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Society</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Asia" title="Demographics of Asia">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Asia" title="Education in Asia">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etiquette_in_Asia" title="Etiquette in Asia">Etiquette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Health_in_Asia" title="Category:Health in Asia">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Asia" title="Languages of Asia">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Asian_countries_by_life_expectancy" title="List of Asian countries by life expectancy">Life expectancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_people" title="Asian people">People</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Asia" title="Ethnic groups in Asia">ethnic groups</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Asia" title="Culture of Asia">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Asian_art" title="History of Asian art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Asia" title="Cinema of Asia">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_cuisine" title="Asian cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_literature" title="Asian literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Asia" title="Music of Asia">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_philosophy" title="Eastern philosophy">Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Asia" title="Religion in Asia">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_in_Asia" title="Sports in Asia">Sport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Future</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asian_Century" title="Asian Century">Asian Century</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Century" title="Chinese Century">Chinese Century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Century" title="Indian Century">Indian Century</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Century" title="Pacific Century">Pacific Century</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Asia" title="Outline of Asia">Outline</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Asia-related_articles" title="Index of Asia-related articles">Index</a></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Asia" title="Category:Asia">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Asia" title="Portal:Asia">Portal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maps_of_present-day_countries_and_dependencies" title="Maps of present-day countries and dependencies">Maps</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Association_of_Southeast_Asian_Nations_(ASEAN)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Association_of_Southeast_Asian_Nations_(ASEAN)" title="Template:Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Association_of_Southeast_Asian_Nations_(ASEAN)" title="Template talk:Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Association_of_Southeast_Asian_Nations_(ASEAN)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Association_of_Southeast_Asian_Nations_(ASEAN)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/ASEAN" title="ASEAN">Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Politics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN_Charter" title="ASEAN Charter">Charter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN_Free_Trade_Area#The_Common_Effective_Preferential_Tariff_(CEPT)_scheme" title="ASEAN Free Trade Area">Customs union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN_Declaration" title="ASEAN Declaration">Founding document</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organisations_associated_with_the_ASEAN" title="Organisations associated with the ASEAN">Organisations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretary_General_of_the_Association_of_Southeast_Asian_Nations" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary General of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations">Secretary General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Amity_and_Cooperation_in_Southeast_Asia" title="Treaty of Amity and Cooperation in Southeast Asia">Treaty of Amity and Cooperation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visa_policy_of_ASEAN_members" title="Visa policy of ASEAN members">Visa policies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Symbols</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_ASEAN_Way" title="The ASEAN Way">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emblem_of_the_Association_of_Southeast_Asian_Nations" class="mw-redirect" title="Emblem of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations">Emblem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_Association_of_Southeast_Asian_Nations" class="mw-redirect" title="Flag of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN_Song_of_Unity" title="ASEAN Song of Unity">Hymn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Member_states_of_the_Association_of_Southeast_Asian_Nations" class="mw-redirect" title="Member states of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations">Members</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Membership</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Enlargement_of_ASEAN" title="Enlargement of ASEAN">Observers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_Timor" title="East Timor">East Timor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accession_of_East_Timor_to_ASEAN" title="Accession of East Timor to ASEAN">status</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea" title="Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Papua_New_Guinea_to_ASEAN" title="Accession of Papua New Guinea to ASEAN">status</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Summits</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN_Summit" title="ASEAN Summit">ASEAN Summit</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2017_ASEAN_Summits" title="2017 ASEAN Summits">2017</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asia_Summit" title="East Asia Summit">East Asia Summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN%E2%80%93Republic_of_Korea_Commemorative_Summit" title="ASEAN–Republic of Korea Commemorative Summit">ASEAN–Republic of Korea Commemorative Summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN%E2%80%93India_Commemorative_Summit" title="ASEAN–India Commemorative Summit">ASEAN–India Commemorative Summit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN_Free_Trade_Area#ASEAN_Plus_Three" title="ASEAN Free Trade Area">ASEAN Plus Three</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN_Regional_Forum" class="mw-redirect" title="ASEAN Regional Forum">ASEAN Regional Forum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asia%E2%80%93Europe_Meeting" title="Asia–Europe Meeting">Asia–Europe Meeting</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sport" title="Sport">Sports</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asian_Games" class="mw-redirect" title="Southeast Asian Games">SEA Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN_University_Games" title="ASEAN University Games">University Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN_School_Games" title="ASEAN School Games">School Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN_Para_Games" title="ASEAN Para Games">Para Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN_Football_Federation" title="ASEAN Football Federation">Football Federation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AFF_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="AFF Championship">Football Championship</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN_Armies_Rifle_Meet" title="ASEAN Armies Rifle Meet">Armies Rifle Meet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Economy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asian_Monetary_Unit" title="Asian Monetary Unit">Asian Monetary Unit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiang_Mai_Initiative" title="Chiang Mai Initiative">Chiang Mai Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comprehensive_Economic_Partnership_for_East_Asia" title="Comprehensive Economic Partnership for East Asia">Comprehensive Economic Partnership for East Asia</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN_Free_Trade_Area" title="ASEAN Free Trade Area">ASEAN Free Trade Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN%E2%80%93China_Free_Trade_Area" title="ASEAN–China Free Trade Area">ASEAN–China Free Trade Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN%E2%80%93India_Free_Trade_Area" title="ASEAN–India Free Trade Area">ASEAN–India Free Trade Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN%E2%80%93Australia_Development_Cooperation_Program" title="ASEAN–Australia Development Cooperation Program">ASEAN–Australia Development Cooperation Program</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Initiatives</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN_Centre_for_Biodiversity" title="ASEAN Centre for Biodiversity">Centre for Biodiversity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Asean_Regional_Forum_Disaster_Relief_Exercise" class="mw-redirect" title="The Asean Regional Forum Disaster Relief Exercise">Disaster Relief Exercise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN_Smart_Cities_Network" title="ASEAN Smart Cities Network">Smart Cities Network</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Commissions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN_Intergovernmental_Commission_on_Human_Rights" title="ASEAN Intergovernmental Commission on Human Rights">Human Rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN_Human_Rights_Declaration" title="ASEAN Human Rights Declaration">ASEAN Human Rights Declaration</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN_Commission_on_the_Promotion_and_Protection_of_the_Rights_of_Women" title="ASEAN Commission on the Promotion and Protection of the Rights of Women">Rights of Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN_Common_Time" title="ASEAN Common Time">Common Time</a></li> <li>'<a href="/wiki/ASEAN_Rise" title="ASEAN Rise">ASEAN Rise</a>'</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="ASEAN–European Union relations">EU relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN_Outstanding_Scientist_and_Technologist_Award" title="ASEAN Outstanding Scientist and Technologist Award">Outstanding Scientist and Technologist Award</a></li> <li>Lists <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_the_busiest_airports_in_Southeast_Asia" title="List of the busiest airports in Southeast Asia">Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_banks_in_ASEAN" title="List of largest banks in ASEAN">Banks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_ASEAN_by_population" title="List of cities in ASEAN by population">Cities by population</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ASEAN_countries_by_GDP" title="List of ASEAN countries by GDP">GDP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ASEAN_countries_by_HDI" title="List of ASEAN countries by HDI">HDI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ASEAN_countries_and_subdivisions_by_minimum_wage" title="List of ASEAN countries and subdivisions by minimum wage">Minimum wage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Southeast_Asian_mountains" title="List of Southeast Asian mountains">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Top_reviewed_places_in_ASEAN&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Top reviewed places in ASEAN (page does not exist)">Places</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ASEAN_countries_by_medal_count_at_International_Science_Olympiad" title="List of ASEAN countries by medal count at International Science Olympiad">Science Olympiad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ASEAN_stock_exchanges_by_market_capitalization" title="List of ASEAN stock exchanges by market capitalization">Stock exchanges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ASEAN_country_subdivisions_by_GDP" title="List of ASEAN country subdivisions by GDP">Subdivisions by GDP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rankings_of_universities_in_ASEAN" title="Rankings of universities in ASEAN">Universities</a></li></ul></li></ul> 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