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Raza</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Sohail Raza"> <meta name="keywords" content="Sohail Raza"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbarMenu" aria-controls="navbarMenu" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span> </button> <div class="w-100"> <div class="d-none d-lg-flex flex-row-reverse"> <form method="get" action="https://waset.org/search" class="form-inline my-2 my-lg-0"> <input class="form-control mr-sm-2" type="search" placeholder="Search Conferences" value="Sohail Raza" name="q" aria-label="Search"> <button class="btn btn-light my-2 my-sm-0" type="submit"><i class="fas fa-search"></i></button> </form> </div> <div class="collapse navbar-collapse mt-1" id="navbarMenu"> <ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto align-items-center" id="mainNavMenu"> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/conferences" title="Conferences in 2024/2025/2026">Conferences</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/disciplines" title="Disciplines">Disciplines</a> </li> <li 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Sohail Raza"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 126</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Sohail Raza</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">126</span> Role of Physical Properties of Maize Grains Towards Resistance to Sitotroga Cerealella (OLIV.) (Gelechiidae: Lepidoptera) in No Choice</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sohail%20Ahmed">Sohail Ahmed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmad%20Raza"> Ahmad Raza</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Physical properties of maize grains were correlated with levels of the life history of Sitotroga cerealella (Oliv.) (Gelechiidae: Lepidoptera) in no choice test to find out relative resistance in different varieties. Eight maize varieties /lines (EV-6089, Sahiwal-2002, Golden, 34N43, EV-1098, Sultan, China-1, EV-20) including seven yellow and one white were obtained from Maize and Millet Research Institute, Yousaf Wala, Sahiwal, Punjab, Pakistan. Freshly laid eggs (one day old) of S. cerealella were obtained and cultured on a susceptible maize variety for two generations for later on shifting to test varieties. Results showed that maximum moth emergence (10.33), fecundity (35.66), hatching (87.66%), moth weight (5.05 mg), development time (36.0 days) damage (93.35%) and grain weight loss (38.84%) was found in varieties, 34N43 and Golden, Sultan, Sahiwal 2002, 34N43, EV-6089, 34N43 and EV-1089, respectively. Varieties had significant difference with other varieties in these parameters (P<0.05). The varieties had positive as well as negative correlation between hardness index, grain weight and bulk density with the biological parameters of S. cerealella, percent grain damage and weight loss. Possible involvement of these grain properties in the resistance of maize grains towards S. cerealella is discussed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sitotroga%20cerealella" title="sitotroga cerealella">sitotroga cerealella</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hardness%20index" title=" hardness index"> hardness index</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=grain%20damage" title=" grain damage"> grain damage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maize" title=" maize"> maize</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=varieties" title=" varieties"> varieties</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27904/role-of-physical-properties-of-maize-grains-towards-resistance-to-sitotroga-cerealella-oliv-gelechiidae-lepidoptera-in-no-choice" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27904.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">387</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">125</span> Ecological Investigations for the Control of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) in the Selected Study Districts of Punjab, Pakistan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Sohail%20Sajid">Muhammad Sohail Sajid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Abdullah%20Malik"> Muhammad Abdullah Malik</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Saqib"> Muhammad Saqib</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Faiz%20Ahmad%20Raza"> Faiz Ahmad Raza</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Waseem%20Akram"> Waseem Akram</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Aedes (Ae.) aegypti, the vector of pathogens of one health significance, has gained currency over the last decade. The present study reports the prevalence of A. aegypti larvae in indoor and outdoor niches from the three districts of different agro-geo-climatic zones of Punjab, including Chakwal (north), Faisalabad (central), and Dera Ghazi Khan (south). Mosquito larvae were collected, preserved, and transferred for identification. The relevant data were collected on a predesigned questionnaire. Stegomyia indices, including House Index (HI), Breteau Index (BI), and Container Index (CI), were calculated. The association of different breeding containers with the prevalence of Ae. aegypti larvae were estimated through Chi-square analysis. The highest Stegomyia indices were calculated in Chakwal (HI = 46.61%, BI = 91.67%, and CI = 15.28%) as compared to Faisalabad (HI = 34.11%, BI = 68.75% and, CI = 13.04%) and DG Khan (HI = 28.39%, BI = 68.23% and, CI = 11.29%), respectively. Irrespective of the geographical area, earthen jars, water tanks, and tree holes were found to be significantly associated (p < 0.05) with the abundance of Ae. aegypti larvae. However, tires and plastic bottles in Faisalabad and DG Khan while flower tubs and plastic buckets in Faisalabad and Chakwal were found to be significantly associated (p < 0.05) with the larval abundance. The results are a maiden attempt to correlate the magnitude of Ae. aegypti larvae in various microclimatic niches of Punjab, Pakistan, which might help in policy-making for preventive management of the menace. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aedes%20aegypti" title="Aedes aegypti">Aedes aegypti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ecology" title=" ecology"> ecology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=breeding%20habitats" title=" breeding habitats"> breeding habitats</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Stegomyia%20indices" title=" Stegomyia indices"> Stegomyia indices</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=breeding%20containers" title=" breeding containers"> breeding containers</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155110/ecological-investigations-for-the-control-of-aedes-aegypti-diptera-culicidae-in-the-selected-study-districts-of-punjab-pakistan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155110.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">120</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">124</span> Effect of Varying Diets on Growth, Development and Survival of Queen Bee (Apis mellifera L.) in Captivity</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Anjum%20Aqueel">Muhammad Anjum Aqueel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zaighum%20Abbas"> Zaighum Abbas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mubasshir%20Sohail"> Mubasshir Sohail</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Abubakar"> Muhammad Abubakar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hafiz%20Khurram%20Shurjeel"> Hafiz Khurram Shurjeel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abu%20Bakar%20Muhammad%20Raza"> Abu Bakar Muhammad Raza</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Afzal"> Muhammad Afzal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sami%20Ullah"> Sami Ullah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Keeping in view the increasing demand, queen of <em>Apis mellifera</em> L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae) was reared artificially in this experiment at varying diets including royal jelly. Larval duration, pupal duration, weight, and size of pupae were evaluated at different diets including royal jelly. Queen larvae were raised by Doo Little grafting method. Four different diets were mixed with royal jelly and applied to larvae. Fructose, sugar, yeast, and honey were provided to rearing queen larvae along with same amount of royal jelly. Larval and pupal duration were longest (6.15 and 7.5 days, respectively) at yeast and shortest on honey (5.05 and 7.02 days, respectively). Heavier and bigger pupae were recorded on yeast (168.14 mg and 1.76 cm, respectively) followed by diets having sugar and honey. Due to production of heavier and bigger pupae, yeast was considered as best artificial diet for the growing queen larvae. So, in the second part of experiment, different amounts of yeast were provided to growing larvae along with fixed amount (0.5 g) of royal jelly. Survival rates of the larvae and queen bee were 70% and 40% in the 4-g food, 86.7% and 53.3% in the 6-g food, and 76.7% and 50% in the 8-g food. Weight of adult queen bee (1.459±0.191 g) and the number of ovarioles (41.7±21.3) were highest at 8 g of food. Results of this study are helpful for bee-keepers in producing fitter queen bees. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=apis%20melifera%20l" title="apis melifera l">apis melifera l</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dietary%20effect" title=" dietary effect"> dietary effect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=survival%20and%20development" title=" survival and development"> survival and development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=honey%20bee%20queen" title=" honey bee queen"> honey bee queen</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57578/effect-of-varying-diets-on-growth-development-and-survival-of-queen-bee-apis-mellifera-l-in-captivity" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57578.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">490</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">123</span> The Impact of Recurring Events in Fake News Detection</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Raza">Ali Raza</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shafiq%20Ur%20Rehman%20Khan"> Shafiq Ur Rehman Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raja%20Sher%20Afgun%20Usmani"> Raja Sher Afgun Usmani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Asif%20Raza"> Asif Raza</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Basit%20Umair"> Basit Umair</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Detection of Fake news and missing information is gaining popularity, especially after the advancement in social media and online news platforms. Social media platforms are the main and speediest source of fake news propagation, whereas online news websites contribute to fake news dissipation. In this study, we propose a framework to detect fake news using the temporal features of text and consider user feedback to identify whether the news is fake or not. In recent studies, the temporal features in text documents gain valuable consideration from Natural Language Processing and user feedback and only try to classify the textual data as fake or true. This research article indicates the impact of recurring and non-recurring events on fake and true news. We use two models BERT and Bi-LSTM to investigate, and it is concluded from BERT we get better results and 70% of true news are recurring and rest of 30% are non-recurring. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20language%20processing" title="natural language processing">natural language processing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fake%20news%20detection" title=" fake news detection"> fake news detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=machine%20learning" title=" machine learning"> machine learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bi-LSTM" title=" Bi-LSTM"> Bi-LSTM</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/190551/the-impact-of-recurring-events-in-fake-news-detection" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/190551.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">22</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">122</span> Impact Analysis of Quality Control Practices in Veterinary Diagnostic Labs in Lahore, Pakistan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Faiza%20Marrium">Faiza Marrium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Masood%20Rabbani"> Masood Rabbani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Ahmad%20Sheikh"> Ali Ahmad Sheikh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Yasin%20Tipu%20Javed%20Muhammad"> Muhammad Yasin Tipu Javed Muhammad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sohail%20Raza"> Sohail Raza</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> More than 75% diseases spreading in the past 10 years in human population globally are linked to veterinary sector. Veterinary diagnostic labs are the powerful ally for diagnosis, prevention and monitoring of animal diseases in any country. In order to avoid detrimental effects of errors in disease diagnostic and biorisk management, there is a dire need to establish quality control system. In current study, 3 private and 6 public sectors veterinary diagnostic labs were selected for survey. A questionnaire survey in biorisk management guidelines of CWA 15793 was designed to find quality control breaches in lab design, personal, equipment and consumable, quality control measures adopted in lab, waste management, environmental monitoring and customer care. The data was analyzed through frequency distribution statistically by using (SPSS) version 18.0. A non-significant difference was found in all parameters of lab design, personal, equipment and consumable, quality control measures adopted in lab, waste management, environmental monitoring and customer care with an average percentage of 46.6, 57.77, 52.7, 55.5, 54.44, 48.88 and 60, respectively. A non-significant difference among all nine labs were found, with highest average compliance percentage of all parameters are lab 2 (78.13), Lab 3 (70.56), Lab 5 (57.51), Lab 6 (56.37), Lab 4 (55.02), Lab 9 (49.58), Lab 7 (47.76), Lab 1 (41.01) and Lab 8 (36.09). This study shows that in Lahore district veterinary diagnostic labs are not giving proper attention to quality of their system and there is no significant difference between setups of private and public sector laboratories. These results show that most of parameters are between 50 and 80 percent, which needs some work and improvement as per WHO criteria. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=veterinary%20lab" title="veterinary lab">veterinary lab</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quality%20management%20system" title=" quality management system"> quality management system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=accreditation" title=" accreditation"> accreditation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=regulatory%20body" title=" regulatory body"> regulatory body</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=disease%20identification" title=" disease identification"> disease identification</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/137020/impact-analysis-of-quality-control-practices-in-veterinary-diagnostic-labs-in-lahore-pakistan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/137020.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">146</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">121</span> Assessment of the Adoption and Distribution Pattern of Agroforestry in Faisalabad District Using GIS</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Irfan%20Ahmad">Irfan Ahmad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raza%20Ghafoor"> Raza Ghafoor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hammad%20Raza%20Ahmad"> Hammad Raza Ahmad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Asif"> Muhammad Asif</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Farrakh%20Nawaz"> Farrakh Nawaz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Tahir%20Siddiqui"> M. Tahir Siddiqui</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Due to the exploding population of Pakistan the pressure on natural forests is increasing to meet the demands of wood and wood based products. Agroforestry is being practiced throughout the world on scientific basis but unfortunately the farmers of Pakistan are reluctant in its adoption. The presents study was designed to assess the adoption of agroforestry practices in Faisalabad with respect to land holdings of farmers and future suitability by using Geographic information system (GIS). Faisalabad is the third largest city of the country and is famous due to the textile industry. A comprehensive survey from target villages of the Lyallpur town of Faisalabad district was carried out. Out of total 65 villages, 40 were selected for study. From each selected village, one farmer who was actively engaged in farming activities was selected. It was observed that medium sized farmers having 10-20 acre were more in number as compared to small and large farmers. Number of trees was found maximum in large farm lands, ratio of diseased trees was almost similar in all categories with maximum in small farmlands (24.1%). Regarding the future prospects 35% farmer were interested in agroforestry practices 65% were not interested in the promotion of trees due to the non-availability of technical guidance and proper markets. Geographic images of the study site can further help the researchers and policy makers in the promotion of agroforestry. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=agroforestry%20trends" title="agroforestry trends">agroforestry trends</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adoption" title=" adoption"> adoption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Faisalabad" title=" Faisalabad"> Faisalabad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geographic%20information%20system%20%28GIS%29" title=" geographic information system (GIS)"> geographic information system (GIS)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37737/assessment-of-the-adoption-and-distribution-pattern-of-agroforestry-in-faisalabad-district-using-gis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37737.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">504</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">120</span> Mining Diagnostic Investigation Process</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sohail%20Imran">Sohail Imran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tariq%20Mahmood"> Tariq Mahmood</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In complex healthcare diagnostic investigation process, medical practitioners have to focus on ways to standardize their processes to perform high quality care and optimize the time and costs. Process mining techniques can be applied to extract process related knowledge from data without considering causal and dynamic dependencies in business domain and processes. The application of process mining is effective in diagnostic investigation. It is very helpful where a treatment gives no dispositive evidence favoring it. In this paper, we applied process mining to discover important process flow of diagnostic investigation for hepatitis patients. This approach has some benefits which can enhance the quality and efficiency of diagnostic investigation processes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=process%20mining" title="process mining">process mining</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=healthcare" title=" healthcare"> healthcare</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diagnostic%20investigation%20process" title=" diagnostic investigation process"> diagnostic investigation process</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=process%20flow" title=" process flow"> process flow</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9370/mining-diagnostic-investigation-process" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9370.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">523</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">119</span> Study the Relationship amongst Digital Finance, Renewable Energy, and Economic Development of Least Developed Countries</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatima%20Sohail">Fatima Sohail</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Faizan%20Iftikhar"> Faizan Iftikhar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper studies the relationship between digital finance, renewable energy, and the economic development of Pakistan and least developed countries from 2000 to 2022. The paper used panel analysis and generalized method of moments Arellano-Bond approaches. The findings show that under the growth model, renewable energy (RE) has a strong and favorable link with fixed broadband and mobile subscribers. However, FB and MD have a strong but negative association with the uptake of renewable energy (RE) in the average and simple model. This paper provides valuable insights for policymakers, investors of the digital economy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digital%20finance" title="digital finance">digital finance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=renewable%20energy" title=" renewable energy"> renewable energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic%20development" title=" economic development"> economic development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mobile%20subscription" title=" mobile subscription"> mobile subscription</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fixed%20broadband" title=" fixed broadband"> fixed broadband</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/187345/study-the-relationship-amongst-digital-finance-renewable-energy-and-economic-development-of-least-developed-countries" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/187345.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">40</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">118</span> Transverse Testicular Ectopia: A Case Report with Review of Literature</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rida%20Ahmad">Rida Ahmad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Areej%20S.%20Habib"> Areej S. Habib</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sohail%20A.%20Dogar"> Sohail A. Dogar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saqib%20H.%20Qazi"> Saqib H. Qazi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Transverse testicular ectopia is a rare congenital disorder involving mal descent and mal-positioning of the testes, reported in the medical literature about 300 times. Many theories attempt to explain the failure of the testes to migrate to their correct location. While the age at presentation can vary; most cases present in early adolescents or late adulthood. It is often an incidental discovery made during an operative intervention, most commonly during hernia exploration. It can be isolated or present with a plethora of anomalies. We present the case of a 2-year-old male with transverse testicular ectopia who presented with vague abdominal pain. He was managed successfully with the Modified Ombredanne procedure and good outcome 6 months after the procedure. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cryptorchidism" title="cryptorchidism">cryptorchidism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=persistent%20Mullerian%20duct%20syndrome" title=" persistent Mullerian duct syndrome"> persistent Mullerian duct syndrome</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transverse%20testicular%20ectopia" title=" transverse testicular ectopia"> transverse testicular ectopia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=testicular%20mal-descent" title=" testicular mal-descent"> testicular mal-descent</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141125/transverse-testicular-ectopia-a-case-report-with-review-of-literature" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141125.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">341</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">117</span> Algorithmic Fault Location in Complex Gas Networks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Soban%20Najam">Soban Najam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20M.%20Jahanzeb"> S. M. Jahanzeb</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Sohail"> Ahmed Sohail</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Faraz%20Idris%20Khan"> Faraz Idris Khan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> With the recent increase in reliance on Gas as the primary source of energy across the world, there has been a lot of research conducted on gas distribution networks. As the complexity and size of these networks grow, so does the leakage of gas in the distribution network. One of the most crucial factors in the production and distribution of gas is UFG or Unaccounted for Gas. The presence of UFG signifies that there is a difference between the amount of gas distributed, and the amount of gas billed. Our approach is to use information that we acquire from several specified points in the network. This information will be used to calculate the loss occurring in the network using the developed algorithm. The Algorithm can also identify the leakages at any point of the pipeline so we can easily detect faults and rectify them within minimal time, minimal efforts and minimal resources. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FLA" title="FLA">FLA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fault%20location%20analysis" title=" fault location analysis"> fault location analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GDN" title=" GDN"> GDN</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gas%20distribution%20network" title=" gas distribution network"> gas distribution network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GIS" title=" GIS"> GIS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geographic%20information%20system" title=" geographic information system"> geographic information system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NMS" title=" NMS"> NMS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=network%20Management%20system" title=" network Management system"> network Management system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=OMS" title=" OMS"> OMS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=outage%20management%20system" title=" outage management system"> outage management system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SSGC" title=" SSGC"> SSGC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sui%20Southern%20gas%20company" title=" Sui Southern gas company"> Sui Southern gas company</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=UFG" title=" UFG"> UFG</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unaccounted%20for%20gas" title=" unaccounted for gas"> unaccounted for gas</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34657/algorithmic-fault-location-in-complex-gas-networks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34657.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">626</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">116</span> Analytical Solutions for Corotational Maxwell Model Fluid Arising in Wire Coating inside a Canonical Die </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Sohail%20Khan">Muhammad Sohail Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rehan%20Ali%20Shah"> Rehan Ali Shah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present paper applies the optimal homotopy perturbation method (OHPM) and the optimal homotopy asymptotic method (OHAM) introduced recently to obtain analytic approximations of the non-linear equations modeling the flow of polymer in case of wire coating of a corotational Maxwell fluid. Expression for the velocity field is obtained in non-dimensional form. Comparison of the results obtained by the two methods at different values of non-dimensional parameter l<sub>10</sub>, reveal that the OHPM is more effective and easy to use. The OHPM solution can be improved even working in the same order of approximation depends on the choices of the auxiliary functions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corotational%20Maxwell%20model" title="corotational Maxwell model">corotational Maxwell model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimal%20homotopy%20asymptotic%20method" title=" optimal homotopy asymptotic method"> optimal homotopy asymptotic method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimal%20homotopy%20perturbation%20method" title=" optimal homotopy perturbation method"> optimal homotopy perturbation method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wire%20coating%20die" title=" wire coating die"> wire coating die</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54265/analytical-solutions-for-corotational-maxwell-model-fluid-arising-in-wire-coating-inside-a-canonical-die" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54265.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">336</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">115</span> Numerical Solutions of Fractional Order Epidemic Model</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sadia%20Arshad">Sadia Arshad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ayesha%20Sohail"> Ayesha Sohail</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sana%20Javed"> Sana Javed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khadija%20Maqbool"> Khadija Maqbool</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Salma%20Kanwal"> Salma Kanwal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The dynamical study of the carriers play an essential role in the evolution and global transmission of infectious diseases and will be discussed in this study. To make this approach novel, we will consider the fractional order model which is generalization of integer order derivative to an arbitrary number. Since the integration involved is non local therefore this property of fractional operator is very useful to study epidemic model for infectious diseases. An extended numerical method (ODE solver) is implemented on the model equations and we will present the simulations of the model for diﬀerent values of fractional order to study the eﬀect of carriers on transmission dynamics. Global dynamics of fractional model are established by using the reproduction number. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fractional%20di%EF%AC%80erential%20equation" title="Fractional diﬀerential equation">Fractional diﬀerential equation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Numerical%20simulations" title=" Numerical simulations"> Numerical simulations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=epidemic%20model" title=" epidemic model"> epidemic model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transmission%20dynamics" title=" transmission dynamics"> transmission dynamics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17447/numerical-solutions-of-fractional-order-epidemic-model" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17447.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">602</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">114</span> The Onus of Human to Society in Accordance with Constitution and Traditions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Qamar%20Raza">Qamar Raza</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper deals with the human concern and onus which every person should provide to his/her society. Especially the rules and regulations described in constitution or traditions which we have inherited from ancestors should be followed, and also our lives should be led in accordance with them. The main concern of paper would be personal behavior with others in a good manner especially what he/she should exercise for society’s welfare. As human beings are the fundamental organ of society, who play a crucial role in reforming the society, they should try their best to develop it as well as maintain harmony, peace, we-feeling and mutual contact in the society. Focusing on how the modern society and its elements keep society successful. Regulations of our constitution and tradition are essential for reforming the society. In a nutshell, a human has to mingle in his society and keep mutual respect and understand the value of others as well as for himself. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=constitution" title="constitution">constitution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20beings" title=" human beings"> human beings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=society" title=" society"> society</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traditions" title=" traditions"> traditions</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/87042/the-onus-of-human-to-society-in-accordance-with-constitution-and-traditions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/87042.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">223</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">113</span> Catalytic Study of Natural Gas Based Solid Oxide Fuel Cell</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nasir%20Iqbal">Nasir Iqbal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khurram%20Siraj"> Khurram Siraj</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rizwan%20Raza"> Rizwan Raza</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) is the promising technology now days. SOFC can be operated with different types of fuels available. In this work catalytic anode is prepared with metal oxides i.e. Li, Ni, Zn and Sn and tested for catalytic activity with natural gas as a fuel. The operating temperature range is 170-750°C as observed with the help of TGA. Electrical conductivity and fuel cell performance has been observed for four different samples with varying composition of Sn and Zn. It is concluded that the sample having greater concentration of Zn shows better conductivity and power density results. All the results are promising and verified with different characterizations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=catalytic%20activity" title="catalytic activity">catalytic activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solid%20oxide%20fuel%20cell" title=" solid oxide fuel cell"> solid oxide fuel cell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20material" title=" energy material"> energy material</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20gas" title=" natural gas"> natural gas</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172581/catalytic-study-of-natural-gas-based-solid-oxide-fuel-cell" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172581.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">78</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">112</span> Evidence on Scale Economies in National Bank of Pakistan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sohail%20Zafar">Sohail Zafar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sardar%20Javaid%20Iqbal%20Khan"> Sardar Javaid Iqbal Khan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We use a parametric approach within a translog cost function framework to estimate the economies of scale in National Bank of Pakistan from 1997 to 2013. The results indicate significant economies of scale throughout the sample at aggregates and disaggregates taking in account size subject to stipulation ownership. The factor markets often produce scale inefficiencies in the banking of developing countries like Pakistan such inefficiencies are common due to distortion in factor markets leading to the use of inappropriate factor proportions. The findings suggest that National Bank of Pakistan diversify their asset portfolios that it has cost advantage, therefore, expansion in size should be encouraged under current technology because it appears to be cost effective. In addition, our findings support the implementation of universal banking model in Pakistan. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scale%20economies" title="scale economies">scale economies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cost%20function" title=" cost function"> cost function</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=disaggregates" title=" disaggregates"> disaggregates</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aggregates" title=" aggregates"> aggregates</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51294/evidence-on-scale-economies-in-national-bank-of-pakistan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51294.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">326</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">111</span> Music Note Detection and Dictionary Generation from Music Sheet Using Image Processing Techniques</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Ammar">Muhammad Ammar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Talha%20Ali"> Talha Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdul%20Basit"> Abdul Basit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bakhtawar%20Rajput"> Bakhtawar Rajput</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zobia%20Sohail"> Zobia Sohail</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Music note detection is an area of study for the past few years and has its own influence in music file generation from sheet music. We proposed a method to detect music notes on sheet music using basic thresholding and blob detection. Subsequently, we created a notes dictionary using a semi-supervised learning approach. After notes detection, for each test image, the new symbols are added to the dictionary. This makes the notes detection semi-automatic. The experiments are done on images from a dataset and also on the captured images. The developed approach showed almost 100% accuracy on the dataset images, whereas varying results have been seen on captured images. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=music%20note" title="music note">music note</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sheet%20music" title=" sheet music"> sheet music</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20music%20recognition" title=" optical music recognition"> optical music recognition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blob%20detection" title=" blob detection"> blob detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thresholding" title=" thresholding"> thresholding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dictionary%20generation" title=" dictionary generation"> dictionary generation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/133670/music-note-detection-and-dictionary-generation-from-music-sheet-using-image-processing-techniques" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/133670.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">181</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">110</span> Development of Impervious Concrete Using Micro Silica and GGBS as Cement Replacement Materials</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Rizwan%20Akram">Muhammad Rizwan Akram</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saim%20Raza"> Saim Raza</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamza%20Hanif%20Chauhan"> Hamza Hanif Chauhan </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper describes the aim of research to evaluate the performance of ordinary Portland concretes containing cement replacement materials in both binary and ternary system. Blocks of concrete were prepared to have a constant water-binder ratio of 0.30. The test variables included the type and the amount of the supplementary cementious materials (SCMs) such as class of Silica Fume (SF) and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS). Portland cement was replaced with Silica Fume (SF) upto 7.5% and GGBS up to a level of 50%. Then physical properties are assessed from the compressive strength and permeability tests. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silica%20fume" title="silica fume">silica fume</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GGBS" title=" GGBS"> GGBS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compressive%20strength" title=" compressive strength"> compressive strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=permeability" title=" permeability "> permeability </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44752/development-of-impervious-concrete-using-micro-silica-and-ggbs-as-cement-replacement-materials" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44752.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">377</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">109</span> Helping Older Users Staying Connected</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Q.%20Raza">Q. Raza</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Getting old is inevitable, tasks which were once simple are now a daily struggle. This paper is a study of how older users interact with web application based upon a series of experiments. The experiments conducted involved 12 participants and the experiments were split into two parts. The first set gives the users a feel of current social networks and the second set take into considerations from the participants and the results of the two are compared. This paper goes in detail on the psychological aspects such as social exclusion, Metacognition memory and Therapeutic memories and how this relates to users becoming isolated from society, social networking can be the roof on a foundation of successful computer interaction. The purpose of this paper is to carry out a study and to propose new ideas to help users to be able to use social networking sites easily and efficiently. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cognitive%20psychology" title="cognitive psychology">cognitive psychology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=special%20memory" title=" special memory"> special memory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20networking%20and%20human%20computer%20interaction" title=" social networking and human computer interaction"> social networking and human computer interaction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18096/helping-older-users-staying-connected" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18096.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">445</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">108</span> Numerical Modelling of Effective Diffusivity in Bone Tissue Engineering</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ayesha%20Sohail">Ayesha Sohail</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khadija%20Maqbool"> Khadija Maqbool</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anila%20Asif"> Anila Asif</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Haroon%20Ahmad"> Haroon Ahmad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The field of tissue engineering is an active area of research. Bone tissue engineering helps to resolve the clinical problems of critical size and non-healing defects by the creation of man-made bone tissue. We will design and validate an efficient numerical model, which will simulate the effective diffusivity in bone tissue engineering. Our numerical model will be based on the finite element analysis of the diffusion-reaction equations. It will have the ability to optimize the diffusivity, even at multi-scale, with the variation of time. It will also have a special feature, with which we will not only be able to predict the oxygen, glucose and cell density dynamics, more accurately, but will also sort the issues arising due to anisotropy. We will fix these problems with the help of modifying the governing equations, by selecting appropriate spatio-temporal finite element schemes, by adaptive grid refinement strategy and by transient analysis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scaffolds" title="scaffolds">scaffolds</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=porosity" title=" porosity"> porosity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diffusion" title=" diffusion"> diffusion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transient%20analysis" title=" transient analysis"> transient analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18702/numerical-modelling-of-effective-diffusivity-in-bone-tissue-engineering" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18702.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">541</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">107</span> Application of Optimization Techniques in Overcurrent Relay Coordination: A Review</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Syed%20Auon%20Raza">Syed Auon Raza</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tahir%20Mahmood"> Tahir Mahmood</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Syed%20Basit%20Ali%20Bukhari"> Syed Basit Ali Bukhari </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In power system properly coordinated protection scheme is designed to make sure that only the faulty part of the system will be isolated when abnormal operating condition of the system will reach. The complexity of the system as well as the increased user demand and the deregulated environment enforce the utilities to improve system reliability by using a properly coordinated protection scheme. This paper presents overview of over current relay coordination techniques. Different techniques such as Deterministic Techniques, Meta Heuristic Optimization techniques, Hybrid Optimization Techniques, and Trial and Error Optimization Techniques have been reviewed in terms of method of their implementation, operation modes, nature of distribution system, and finally their advantages as well as the disadvantages. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=distribution%20system" title="distribution system">distribution system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=relay%20coordination" title=" relay coordination"> relay coordination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimization" title=" optimization"> optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Plug%20Setting%20Multiplier%20%28PSM%29" title=" Plug Setting Multiplier (PSM)"> Plug Setting Multiplier (PSM)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3872/application-of-optimization-techniques-in-overcurrent-relay-coordination-a-review" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3872.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">399</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">106</span> Eco-Ways to Reduce Environmental Impacts of Flame Retardant Textiles at the End of Life</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sohail%20Yasin">Sohail Yasin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Massimo%20Curti"> Massimo Curti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nemeshwaree%20Behary"> Nemeshwaree Behary</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Giorgio%20Rovero"> Giorgio Rovero</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> It is well-known that the presence of discarded textile products in municipal landfills poses environmental problems due to leaching of chemical products from the textile to the environment. Incineration of such textiles is considered to be an efficient way to produce energy and reduce environmental impacts of textile materials at their end-of life stage. However, the presence of flame retardant products on textiles would decrease the energy yield and emit toxic gases during incineration stage. While some non-durable flame retardants can be removed by wet treatments (e.g. washing), these substances pollute water and pose concerns towards environmental health. Our study shows that infrared radiation can be used efficiently to degrade flame retardant products on the textiles. This method is finalized to minimize the decrease in energy yield during the incineration or gasification processes of flame retardant cotton fabrics. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=degradation" title="degradation">degradation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flame%20retardant" title=" flame retardant"> flame retardant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=infrared%20radiation" title=" infrared radiation"> infrared radiation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cotton" title=" cotton"> cotton</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=incineration" title=" incineration"> incineration</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47864/eco-ways-to-reduce-environmental-impacts-of-flame-retardant-textiles-at-the-end-of-life" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47864.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">366</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">105</span> The Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility and Relationship Marketing on Relationship Maintainer and Customer Loyalty by Mediating Role of Customer Satisfaction</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anam%20Bhatti">Anam Bhatti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sumbal%20Arif"> Sumbal Arif</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mariam%20Mehar"> Mariam Mehar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sohail%20Younas"> Sohail Younas</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> CSR has become one of the imperative implements in satisfying customers. The impartial of this research is to calculate CSR, relationship marketing, and customer satisfaction. In Pakistan, there is not enough research work on the effect of CSR and relationship marketing on relationship maintainer and customer loyalty. To find out deductive approach and survey method is used as research approach and research strategy respectively. This research design is descriptive and quantitative study. For data, collection questionnaire method with semantic differential scale and seven point scales are adopted. Data has been collected by adopting the non-probability convenience technique as sampling technique and the sample size is 400. For factor confirmatory factor analysis, structure equation modeling and medication analysis, regression analysis Amos software were used. Strong empirical evidence supports that the customer’s perception of CSR performance is highly influenced by the values. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CSR" title="CSR">CSR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Relationship%20marketing" title=" Relationship marketing"> Relationship marketing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Relationship%20maintainer" title=" Relationship maintainer"> Relationship maintainer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Customer%20loyalty" title=" Customer loyalty"> Customer loyalty</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Customer%20satisfaction" title=" Customer satisfaction"> Customer satisfaction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69518/the-impact-of-corporate-social-responsibility-and-relationship-marketing-on-relationship-maintainer-and-customer-loyalty-by-mediating-role-of-customer-satisfaction" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69518.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">482</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">104</span> Case Study of Child Labour in Pakistan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmad%20Ali%20Ansari">Ahmad Ali Ansari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hassan%20Arshad"> Hassan Arshad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Basharat%20Hussani"> Basharat Hussani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adnan%20Raza"> Adnan Raza</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmad%20Ali%20Khan"> Ahmad Ali Khan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Child labor is a kind of an issue which was found all over the world, but now the first world countries like countries in Europe and America (USA) got hold of it up to a large extent but Underdeveloped or the developing countries including Pakistan are still a victim of this issue. The following attempt has been made in this research article to figure out the main reasons of child labor in underdeveloped countries especially in Pakistan and also some of the issues are discussed which are hindering the solution of child labor in Pakistan. In this research we interviewed 70 working children in the area of Rawalpindi, Islamabad, Taxila and Hatar who belonged to the different parts of the country and figured out the basic causes of the child labor in Pakistan, what are its bad effects on the young one who is a victim of it and we also put a light on what the government of Pakistan is doing in this context and what the government still have to do. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=child%20labour" title="child labour">child labour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pakistan" title=" Pakistan"> Pakistan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=case%20study" title=" case study"> case study</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=underdeveloped%20countries" title=" underdeveloped countries"> underdeveloped countries</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18547/case-study-of-child-labour-in-pakistan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18547.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">664</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">103</span> An investigation of Leading Edge and Trailing Edge Corrugation for Low Reynolds Number Application</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Syed%20Hassan%20Raza%20Shah">Syed Hassan Raza Shah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Mohammad%20Ali"> Mohammad Mohammad Ali</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The flow over a smoothly profiled airfoil at a low Reynolds number is highly susceptible to separate even at a very low angle of attack. An investigation was made to study the effect of leading-edge and trailing-edge corrugation with the spanwise change in the ridges resulted due to the change in the chord length for an infinite wing. The wind tunnel results using NACA0018 wings revealed that leading and trailing edge corrugation did not have any benefit in terms of aerodynamic efficiency or delayed stall. The leading edge and trailing edge corrugation didn't change the lift curve slope, with the leading edge corrugation wing stalling first in the range of Reynolds number of 50,000 to 125,000. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=leading%20and%20trailing%20edge%20corrugations" title="leading and trailing edge corrugations">leading and trailing edge corrugations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low%20reynolds%20number" title=" low reynolds number"> low reynolds number</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind%20tunnel%20testing" title=" wind tunnel testing"> wind tunnel testing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NACA0018" title=" NACA0018"> NACA0018</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141121/an-investigation-of-leading-edge-and-trailing-edge-corrugation-for-low-reynolds-number-application" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141121.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">291</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">102</span> Usability Issues of Smart Phone Applications: For Visually Challenged People</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anam%20Ashraf">Anam Ashraf</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arif%20Raza"> Arif Raza</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this era of globalization, adoption of technology is quite difficult for people with physical disabilities compared to people with normal abilities. The advancement in mobile based accessible applications has opened up several different avenues for the visually challenged across the globe. Smartphones applications are not very common for blind people, but they access and use these applications in their daily lives to some extent. Several smartphone applications have a number of usability issues for the visually impaired. In this paper, we evaluate the usability of various android and iPhone applications for blind people through analysis and surveys. This paper aspires to provide guidance in order to increase smartphone application accessibility for the visually impaired. An abstract application design is also proposed to overcome usability issues in smartphone applications for visually challenged people. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=eyes-free%20shell" title="eyes-free shell">eyes-free shell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20computer%20interaction" title=" human computer interaction"> human computer interaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=usability%20engineering" title=" usability engineering"> usability engineering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=visually%20challenged" title=" visually challenged"> visually challenged</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8962/usability-issues-of-smart-phone-applications-for-visually-challenged-people" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8962.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">365</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">101</span> Personality Traits of Students Effecting Entrepreneurial Intention</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Ali">Muhammad Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aamir%20Sohail"> Aamir Sohail</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Umair%20Malik"> Umair Malik</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Research in entrepreneurship has gained much attention in current academic environment. Youngsters are taking interest to start their own business in spite of risk matter. The objective of the study is to explain how various personality traits (personal attitude, locus of control, instrumental readiness and perceived behavioral control) are affecting entrepreneurial intention of students. The theory of planned behavior supports out study which explains that personal attractiveness, social norms and feasibility are the main factors that affect intentions of an individual. The sample data of 120 is collected from graduating batch of three reputed universities of Islamabad through questionnaires. Our results support the hypothesis that personality traits positively influence the entrepreneurial intention. We conclude from the study that many graduating students are willing to start a new venture, but most of them are likely to do a job in their respective fields. Risk factor also exists in their minds because in our country most people are risk-averse and they do not want to lose their money in case of loss. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=entrepreneurship" title="entrepreneurship">entrepreneurship</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=instrumental%20readiness" title=" instrumental readiness"> instrumental readiness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=locus%20of%20control" title=" locus of control"> locus of control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=personal%20attitude" title=" personal attitude"> personal attitude</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86481/personality-traits-of-students-effecting-entrepreneurial-intention" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86481.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">202</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">100</span> Role of Discrete Event Simulation in the Assessment and Selection of the Potential Reconfigurable Manufacturing Solutions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohsin%20Raza">Mohsin Raza</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arne%20Bilberg"> Arne Bilberg</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thomas%20Ditlev%20Brun%C3%B8"> Thomas Ditlev Brunø</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ann-Louise%20Andersen"> Ann-Louise Andersen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Filip%20SK%C3%A4rin"> Filip SKärin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Shifting from a dedicated or flexible manufacturing system to a reconfigurable manufacturing system (RMS) requires a significant amount of time, money, and effort. Therefore, it is vital to verify beforehand that the potential reconfigurable solution will be able to achieve the organizational objectives. Discrete event simulation offers the opportunity of assessing several reconfigurable alternatives against the set objectives. This study signifies the importance of using discrete-event simulation as a tool to verify several reconfiguration options. Two different industrial cases have been presented in the study to elaborate on the role of discrete event simulation in the implementation methodology of RMSs. The study concluded that discrete event simulation is one of the important tools to consider in the RMS implementation methodology. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reconfigurable%20manufacturing%20system" title="reconfigurable manufacturing system">reconfigurable manufacturing system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=discrete%20event%20simulation" title=" discrete event simulation"> discrete event simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tecnomatix%20plant%20simulation" title=" Tecnomatix plant simulation"> Tecnomatix plant simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RMS" title=" RMS"> RMS</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150254/role-of-discrete-event-simulation-in-the-assessment-and-selection-of-the-potential-reconfigurable-manufacturing-solutions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150254.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">124</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">99</span> Extracting Spatial Information Using Stereo Imageries for Mapping Slum Areas in Karachi, Pakistan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20Raza%20Mehdi">Mohammed Raza Mehdi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kamran%20Ahmed"> Kamran Ahmed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Mega-city Karachi has numerous unplanned slum areas and squatter settlements with irregular growth of building structures. Due to weak development policy and lack of development control, such settlements are increasing at a rapid pace. Mapping such areas for planning and infrastructure development requires an integrated approach of socio-spatial and technological tools. Therefore in this study, an attempt is made to create GIS information layers on complex inbound built-up areas of slums at the coastal belt of Karachi by using a stereo pair of satellite images. The outcome expected is technological application to aid planning institutions for crisis management and infrastructure development in irregularly developed slum areas of Karachi, Pakistan. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=slum" title="slum">slum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=satellite%20imageries" title=" satellite imageries"> satellite imageries</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GIS" title=" GIS"> GIS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Karachi" title=" Karachi"> Karachi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pakistan" title=" Pakistan"> Pakistan</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/122338/extracting-spatial-information-using-stereo-imageries-for-mapping-slum-areas-in-karachi-pakistan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/122338.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">145</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">98</span> Growth of Non-Polar a-Plane AlGaN Epilayer with High Crystalline Quality and Smooth Surface Morphology</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abbas%20Nasir">Abbas Nasir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiong%20Zhang"> Xiong Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sohail%20Ahmad"> Sohail Ahmad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yiping%20Cui"> Yiping Cui</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Non-polar a-plane AlGaN epilayers of high structural quality have been grown on <em>r</em>-sapphire substrate by using metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). A graded non-polar AlGaN buffer layer with variable aluminium concentration was used to improve the structural quality of the non-polar <em>a-</em>plane AlGaN epilayer. The characterisations were carried out by high-resolution X-ray diffraction (HR-XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and Hall effect measurement. The XRD and AFM results demonstrate that the Al-composition-graded non-polar AlGaN buffer layer significantly improved the crystalline quality and the surface morphology of the top layer. A low root mean square roughness 1.52 nm is obtained from AFM, and relatively low background carrier concentration down to 3.9×  cm<sup>-3</sup> is obtained from Hall effect measurement. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-polar%20AlGaN%20epilayer" title="non-polar AlGaN epilayer">non-polar AlGaN epilayer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Al%20composition-graded%20AlGaN%20layer" title=" Al composition-graded AlGaN layer"> Al composition-graded AlGaN layer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=root%20mean%20square" title=" root mean square"> root mean square</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=background%20carrier%20concentration" title=" background carrier concentration"> background carrier concentration</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/130598/growth-of-non-polar-a-plane-algan-epilayer-with-high-crystalline-quality-and-smooth-surface-morphology" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/130598.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">142</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">97</span> Girls' Underperformance in Science: From Biological Determinism and Feminist Perspectives</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raza%20Ullah">Raza Ullah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hazir%20Ullah"> Hazir Ullah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> There is ample evidence that reveals the outstanding performance of girls in a different range of subjects. However, it is pertinent to mention here that boys have historically dominated girls, particularly in math, physics, and technological subjects across the globe with the exception of few developed countries. This article examines the reasons why girls are underdog in STEM subjects. The article critically analyzes two main approaches towards gender and education: biological determinist and feminist. This article highlights that social factors influencing girls performance in STEM subjects have not analyzed critically, and girls underachieving in science has linked with biological and sex differences. The article concludes that the underperformance of girls in a STEM subject is the direct response of socio-cultural factors. Thus, socio-cultural factors are responsible for the dearth of girls in STEM subjects. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gender" title="gender">gender</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=underperformance" title=" underperformance"> underperformance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=STEM" title=" STEM"> STEM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=education" title=" education"> education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sex" title=" sex"> sex</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/112623/girls-underperformance-in-science-from-biological-determinism-and-feminist-perspectives" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/112623.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 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